Mt. Saint Helens, Mar. 27, 1980 Ronald Reagan of the U.S. (1911-2004) George Herbert Walker Bush of the U.S. (1924-2018) Yuri Andropov of the Soviet Union (1914-84) Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union (1931-) Indira Gandhi of India (1917-84) Hu Yaobang of China (1915-89) Francois Mitterrand of France (1916-96) Slobodan Milosevic of Yugoslavia (1941-2006)

TLW's 1980s Historyscope 1980-1989 C.E.

© Copyright by T.L. Winslow. All Rights Reserved.

Hosni Mubarak of Egypt (1928-2020) Yitzhak Shamir of Israel (1915-) Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran (1902-89) Pope John Paul II (1920-2005) Michael Jackson (1958-) Corazon Aquino of the Philippines (1933-2009) Oliver North of the U.S. (1943-) Daniel Ortega Saavedra of Nicaragua (1945-) Brian Mulroney of Canada (1939-)

Prince Charles (1948-) and Lady Diana of Britain (1961-97) Ted Kennedy of the U.S. (1932-2009) Edmund Sixtus Muskie of the U.S. (1914-96) James Gaius Watt of the U.S. (1938-) Lech Walesa of Poland (1943-) Helmut Kohl of West Germany (1930-) Zhao Ziyang of China (1919-2005) Kim Dae-jung of South Korea (1924-2009) Robert Gabriel Mugabe of Zimbabwe (1924-2019)

Sally K. Ride of the U.S. (1951-) Space Shuttle Challenger, Jan. 28, 1986 Berlin Wall Falls, Nov. 9, 1989 Exxon Valdez, 1989 Tiananmen Square, 1989 'The Catch', Dwight Clark, Jan. 11, 1982 Wayne Gretzky (1961-) Steffi Graf of Germany (1969-) Carl Sagan (1934-96)

Michael S. Dukakis of the U.S. (1933-) Jimmy the Greek Snyder (1918-96) Jimmy Swaggart (1935-) Larry Flynt (1943-) Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan (1953-2007) Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma (1945-) Katarina Witt of East Germany (1956-) Florence Griffith-Joyner of the U.S. (1959-98) Ben Johnson of Canada (1961-)

Donkey Kong, 1981 IBM Model 5170 PC, 1980 Bill Gates (1955-) Apple's 1984 Super Bowl Halftime Commercial Cyndi Lauper (1953-) Madonna Ciccone (1958-) Culture Club Guns N' Roses MC Hammer (1962-)

Oprah Winfrey (1954-) 'Chariots of Fire', 1981 Vangelis (1943-) 'Escape from New York', starring Kurt Russell (1951-), 1981 Steven Spielberg (1946-) 'Raiders of the Lost Ark', 1981 'E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial', 1982 'An Officer and a Gentleman', starring Richard Gere (1949-) and Debra Winger (1955-), 1982 'Top Gun', 1986

Karpov v. Kasparov, 1985 'The Shining', 1980 Who Shot JR?, Mar. 21-Nov. 21, 1980 'Das Boot', 1982 'Blade Runner', starring Harrison Ford (1942-), 1982 'Wall Street', 1987 'Married With Children', 1987-97 'The Simpsons', 1987- Ford Taurus, 1985-

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

The 1980s (1980-1989 C.E.)



The Reagan "Well,..." Greed is Good Never Say Never Michael Jackson Madonna Wham Boy George Thriller Test Tube Baby Ghostbusters Shining Shining Path Decade? Do the 1980s Bring a Flood of Memories to Ya Eightiesmaniacs? The spoiled give-it-to-me-now U.S. Boomers graduate from anti-establishment hippies into corporate ladder-climbing Reaganite Yuppies, distorting the economy as always with their expensive, bizarre, and selfish tastes, bringing MTV and a slew of great Hollywood movies along with a mainly lousy decade of selfish pop music, plus personal computers (PCs) and political correctness (PC), which combine to finally kick clodhopping Soviet Communism's butt with moonwalking and one white glove? Meanwhile their outgunned children settle for punk, Family Ties and the Breakfast Club? The decade when integration begins to refer to electronic circuits?

Too bad, the shrinking of the world causes anti-Western Muslim terrorism to fester, financed directly and indirectly by the U.S., poising for its glam days after the Soviet Union's dust settles?

Science marches on perhaps too fast, as genetic engineering takes its first micelike steps, shocking the deep thinkers with its possibilities of playing God?


Country Leader From To
United States of America Jimmy Carter (1924-) Jan. 20, 1977 Jan. 20, 1981 Jimmy Carter of the U.S. (1924-)
United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013) May 4, 1979 Nov. 28, 1990 Margaret Thatcher of Britain (1925-)
United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II (1926-) Feb. 6, 1952 Elizabeth II of Britain (1926-)
Soviet Union Leonid Brezhnev (1906-82) Oct. 14, 1964 Nov. 10, 1982 Leonid Brezhnev of the Soviet Union (1906-82)
People's Republic of China Hua Guofeng (1921-2008) 1976 1981 Hua Guofeng of China (1921-2008)
India Indira Gandhi (1917-84) Jan. 14, 1980 Oct. 31, 1984 Indira Gandhi of India (1917-84)
Canada Joe Clark (1939-) June 4, 1979 Mar. 3, 1980 Joe Clark of Canada (1939-)
France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1926-) May 27, 1974 May 21, 1981 Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1926-)
West Germany Helmut Schmidt (1918-) May 16, 1974 Oct. 1, 1982 Helmut Schmidt of West Germany (1918-)
East Germany Erich Honecker (1912-94) 1971 1989 Erich Honecker of East Germany (1912-94)
Romania Nicolae Ceausescu (1918-89) Mar. 22, 1965 Dec. 22, 1989 Nicolae Ceausescu of Romania (1918-89)
Spain Juan Carlos I (1938-) Nov. 22, 1975 Juan Carlos I of Spain (1938-)
Philippines Ferdinand Marcos (1917-89) Dec. 30, 1965 Feb. 25, 1986 Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines (1917-89)
Mexico Jose Lopez Portillo (1920-2004) Dec. 1, 1976 Nov. 30, 1982 Jose Lopez Portillo (1920-2004)
Nicaragua Daniel Ortega Saavedra (1945-) July 17, 1979 Apr. 25, 1990 Daniel Ortega Saavedra (1945-)
Egypt Anwar Sadat (1918-81) Oct. 15, 1970 Oct. 6, 1981 Anwar Sadat (1918-81)
Israel Menachem Begin (1913-92) June 21, 1977 Oct. 10, 1983 Menachem Begin (1913-92)
Iran Ayatollah Khomeini (1902-89) Feb. 11, 1979 June 3, 1989 Ayatollah Khomeini (1902-89)
Iraq Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) July 16, 1979 Apr. 9, 2003 Saddam Hussein (1937-2006)
Papacy John Paul II (1920-2005) Oct. 16, 1978 Apr. 2, 2005 John Paul II (1920-2005)
U.N. Kurt Josef Waldheim of Austria (1918-2007) Jan. 1, 1972 Dec. 31, 1981 Kurt Josef Waldheim of Austria (1918-2007)



1980 - The Mt. Saint Helens Microsoft Year in Seattle, and the Dope Face Year in IBM Headquarters? The Boycott Year in the U.S.? A good year to kill your competition and get away with it with a fancy lawyer, or to kill your lover and get away with it with a fancy lawyer? The Year the Music Died John Lennon Year? The Pope and Popeye Year?

Mt. Saint Helens, Mar. 27, 1980 Who Shot JR?, Mar. 21-Nov. 21, 1980 IBM Model 5170 PC, 1980 PC Magazine, Issue #1, 1980 IBM Think Sign William C. Lowe (1941-2013) Edmund Sixtus Muskie of the U.S. (1914-96) Ted Kennedy of the U.S. (1932-2009) John Bayard Anderson of the U.S. (1922-2017) Indira Gandhi of India (1917-84) Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran (1902-89) Abolhassan Bani-Sadr of Iran (1933-) Cyrus Reza Pahlavi of Iran (1960-) Jose Napoleon Duarte Fuentes of El Salvador (1925-90) Zhao Ziyang of China (1919-2005) Zenko Suzuki of Japan (1911-2004) Chun Doo-hwan of South Korea (1931-) Kim Dae-jung of South Korea (1924-2009) Ahmet Kenan Evren of Turkey (1917-) Turkish Adm. Saim Bülend Ulusu (1923-) Kenneth Douglas 'Ken' Taylor of Canada (1934-) Augusto Pinochet of Chile (1915-2006) Archbishop Oscar Romero (1917-80) Vigdis Finnbogadottir of Iceland (1930-) Jose Bernardo Vieira of Guinea-Bissau (1939-2009) Samuel Kanyon Doe of Liberia (1951-90) Mohammed Khouna Ould Haidallah of Mauritania (1940-) Apolo Milton Obote of Uganda (1925-2005) Yoweri Kaguta Museveni of Uganda (1944-) Col. Saye Zerbo of Upper Volta (1932-2013) Robert Gabriel Mugabe of Zimbabwe (1924-2019) Joshua Nkomo of Zimbabwe (1917-99) Canaan Banana of Zimbabwe (1936-2003) George Rallis of Greece (1918-2006) Gen. Luis Garcia Meza Tejada of Bolivia (1932-) Stefano Delle Chiaie of Bolivia (1936-) Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz of Bolivia (1913-80) Dési Bouterse of Suriname (1945-) Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (1938-) Prince Claus of the Netherlands (1926-2002) Prem Tinsulanonda of Thailand (1920-) Sir Quett Masire of Botswana (1925- Saye Zerbo of Upper Volta (1932-) Stephen Joshua Solarz of the U.S. (1940-2010) Richard Ivan Queen of the U.S. (1951-2002) Charles Nesbitt 'Charlie' Wilson of the U.S. (1933-2010) Joanne King Herring (1929-) Clarence 'Doc' Long of the U.S. (1908-94) Fred Charles Iklé (1924-2011) Gulbuddin Hekmatyar of Afghanistan (1947-) Ali Akbar Tabatabai of Iran (1930-80) Edward Philip George Seaga of Jamaica (1930-) Anna Walentynowicz (1929-2010) Lech Walesa of Poland (1943-) Stanislaw Kania of Poland (1927-) Fernando Belaúnde Terry of Peru (1912-2002) Aparicio Mendez of Uruguay (1904-88) Forbes Burnham of Guyana (1923-85) Dame Mary Eugenia Charles of Dominica (1919-2005) Tariq Aziz of Iraq (1936-) Trent Lott of the U.S. (1941-) Allard Kenneth Lowenstein of the U.S. (1929-80) James George Abourezk of the U.S. (1931-) Jags McCartney of Turks and Caicos Islands (1945-80) Enrique Gorriarán Merlo (1941-2006) Maxie Leroy Anderson (1934-83) Soyuz 36, 1980 Soyuz 37, 1980 Soyuz T-2, 1980 Soyuz 38, 1980 Soyuz T-3, 1980 Louise Yvonne Faulkner (1937-) and Charmian Faulkner (1977-) Lee Iacocca (1924-) John Williams (1932-) Joy Adamson (1910-80) Bruce Bueno de Mesquita John Lennon (1940-80) and Mark David Chapman (1955-) Mark David Chapman (1955-) Sunny von Bülow (1932-2008) Claus von Bülow (1926-) Alan Dershowitz (1938) Jorie Graham (1950-) Josephine Jacobsen (1908-2003) Vernon E. Jordan (1935-) Joseph Paul Franklin (1950-2013) 'The Complete Scarsdale Diet' by Dr. Herman Tarnower (1910-80) and Samm Sinclair Baker (1909-97), 1979 Jean Harris (1923-2012) John Paul DeJoria (1944-) and Paul Mitchell Robert Klark Graham (1906-97) Lindy Chamberlain (1948-) Joyce Jillson (1946-2004) Catherine Donnelly (1964-) Andrea Lee Hollen of the U.S. Bernardine Dohrn (1942-) Candy Lightner (1946-) Fujio Masuoka (1943-) Kenneth R. Thomson, Lord Thomson of Fleet (1923-2006) Henry Hill Jr. (1943-) Ted Koppel (1940-) Ted Turner (1938-) Bernard Shaw (1940-) Lou Dobbs (1945-) Pat Robertson (1930-) Four Catholic missionaries murdered in El Salvador on Dec. 2, 1980 Mubarak Ali Gilani Mohamed Abdel Salam Faraj of Egypt (1954-82) Richard Cottingham (1946-) Janet Cooke (1954-) Image from the Janet Cooke story 'Jimmy's World', Sept. 29, 1980 Steve Endean (1948-93) Bobby Nystrom (1952-) Bryan Trottier (1956-) Mark Steven Howe (1955-) Buddy Baker (1941-) Johnny Rutherford (1938-) Tug McGraw (1944-2004) Willie James Wilson (1955-) George Brett (1953-) Dick Howser (1936-87) Eddie Chiles (1910-93) Bob Costas (1952-) Terry Paxton Bradshaw (1948-) Johnny Stallworth (1952-) Brad Davis (1955-) Mike Krzyzewski (1947-) Mark Aguirre (1959-) Rolando Blackman (1959-) Jay Vincent (1959-) Lisa Wagner (1961-) Mike Dwayne 'Hercules' Weaver (1952-) Marvelous Marvin Hagler (1954-2021) No Mas Fight, Nov. 25, 1980 Eric Heiden of the U.S. (1958-) U.S.-Soviet Olympic Hockey Final, Feb. 22, 1980 Herb Brooks of the U.S. (1937-2003) Juan Antonio Samaranch (1920-2010) Ilona Slupianek of East Germany (1956-) Anatoli Starostin of the Soviet Union (1960-) Allan Wipper Wells of Scotland (1952-) Mark Roth (1951-) Terry Fox (1958-81) Rosie Ruiz (1953-) Jacqueline Gareau (1953-) Bjorn Borg (1956-) John McEnroe (1959-) Evonne Goolagong (1951-) Seve Ballesteros (1957-2011) Pamela Churchill Harriman (1920-97) Sheikh Mubarak Ali Gilani Adolfo Perez Esquivel (1931-) Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004) Georg Wittig (1897-1987) Val Logsdon Fitch (1923-) Paul Berg (1926-) Walter Gilbert (1932-) John Bannister Goodenough (1922-) Sir Ian Kershaw (1943-) Robert K. Massie (1929-) William Nierenberg (1919-2000) Robert Plutchik (1927-2006) Frederick Sanger (1918-) Baruj Benacerraf (1920-) George Davis Snell (1903-96) Robert Zajonc (1923-2008) David Botstein (1942-) Ronald W. Davis (1941-) W. Ford Doolittle (1941-) and Carmen Sapienza Leslie Orgel (1927-2007) Francis H.C. Crick (1916-2004) Mark Henry Skolnick (1946-) Martin J. Cline (1934-) Lawrence Arthur Cremin (1925-90) Jean Dausset (1916-2009) Martin Feldstein (1939-) Charles Horioka (1956-) Marilyn Ferguson (1938-2008) Lawrence R. Klein (1920-) Alan Harvey Guth (1947-) Andrei Linde (1948-) John Searle (1932-) David Cope (1941-) Michael Crichton (1942-2008) Duncan Haldane (1951-) Mordehai Milgrom (1946-) Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002) Carol W. Greider (1961-), Jack William Szostak (1952-), and Elizabeth Helen Blackburn (1948-) Eric F. Wieschaus (1947-) Michael Harner (1929-) David I. Kertzer (1948-) Edward B. Lewis (1918-2004) Mahbub ul Haq (1934-98) Susan Wyckoff Peter A. Wehinger (1938-2015) Klaus von Klitzing (1943-) Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (1942-) Norman E. Shumway (1923-2006) George Streisinger (1927-84) Paul B. MacCready (1925-2007) Adolpho J. de Bold (1942-) Angus Deaton (1945-) John Muellbauer Eric Richard Kandel (1929-) Frederick Reines (1918-98) Harald Sonnenberg Julian Lincoln Simon (1932-98) Paul Ralph Ehrlich (1932-) Dan Millman (1946-) Bert Parks (1914-92) Marge Piercy (1936-) Carl Sagan (1934-96) Lester Thurow (1938-) Jakob von Uexkill John Paul DeJoria (1944-) Bill Gates (1955-) Bill Gates (1955-) John Roberts Opel (1925-2011) Mary Maxwell Gates (1929-94) Gary Kildall (1942-94) Tim Paterson (1956-) Cecil Wayne Ratliff (1946-) Sir Clive Sinclair (1940-2021) Sinclair ZX80/ZX81, 1980/1981 Renata Adler (1938-) Bruce Wayne Bastian (1948-) Alan C. Ashton (1942-) Jean Marie Auel (1936-) Toni Cade Bambara (1939-95) Julian Barnes (1946-) Gregory Bateson (1904-80) Ann Beattie (1947-) Thomas Berger (1924-) Pierre Berton (1920-2004) 'The Official Preppy Handbook' by Lisa Birnbach (1957-), 1980 Howard Brenton (1942-) Mary Whitehouse (1910-2001) Tolly Burkan (1948-) Mary Higgins Clark (1927-) Philip Caputo (1941-) Jared Carter (1939-) Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (1940-) Jude Deveraux (1947-) Umberto Eco (1932-) Felipe, Prince of Asturias (1968-) Milton Friedman (1912-2006) Rose Friedman (1910-2009) John Hart Ely (1938-2003) Joseph Epstein (1937-) Barry Gifford (1946-) Herbert Gold (1924-) Russell Hoban (1925-) Robert Hughes (1938-) Haynes Johnson (1931-) Pauline Kael (1919-2001) Dean Koontz (1945-) Elmore Leonard (1925-2013) Audre Lorde (1934-92) Mark Medoff (1940-) Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004) Lisel Mueller (1924-) Larry Niven (1938-) Sharon Olds (1942-) Robert Patrick (1937-) Michael Eugene Porter (1947-) Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadri (1951-) James Marcus Schuyler (1923-91) Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007) Jane Smiley (1949-) Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006) Dale Spender (1943-) Graham Swift (1949-) Lester Thurow (1938-) John Kennedy Toole (1937-69) Paul West (1930-) Dr. Ruth Westheimer (1928-) Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87) Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87) Howard Zinn (1922-2010) Alfred Hitchcock (1899-1980) Char Margolis (1951-) Tom Hanks (1956-) 'Mister Cool' Steve McQueen (1930-80) Anne-Sophie Mutter (1963-) Mark William Morris (1956-) 'Solid Gold', 1980-88 Darcel Wynne (1951-) Edward Paul Abbey (1927-89) Paloma Picasso (1949-) Michael Medved (1948-) Willy Russell (1947-) Thomas Sowell (1930-) Sir Edward Downes (1924-2009) AC/DC Bryan Adams (1959-) GG Allin (1956-93) Bauhaus Pat Benatar (1953-) Berlin Elvis Costello (1954-) The Cramps Devo J. Geils Band Loverboy Van Halen The Vapors INXS, featuring Michael Hutchence (1960-97) La Toya Jackson (1956-) Joan Jett (1958-) Billy Joel (1949-) George Jones (1931-) Grace Jones (1948-) 'Double Fantasy' by John Lennon (1940-80) and Yoko Ono (1933-), 1980 'John and Yoko', by Annie Leibovitz (1949-), 1980 Annie Leibovitz (1949-) Huey Lewis (1950-) and the News Adam and the Ants Irene Cara (1959-) The Cure Dexys Midnight Runners Joy Division Dead Kennedys Kool and the Gang Oingo Boingo Split Enz Iron Maiden Bette Midler (1945-) Stephanie Mills (1957-) Anne Murray (1945-) Willie Nelson (1933-) New Order OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark) Ozzy Osbourne (1948-) The Pointer Sisters The Pretenders REO Speedwagon XTC Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98) Kenny Rogers (1938-) Linda Ronstadt (1946-) The Romantics Rush The Scorpions Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) The Smithereens Spizzenergi Air Supply U2 The Undertones Steve Winwood (1948-) Grover Washington Jr. (1943-99) Bill Withers (1938-) Echo and the Bunnymen Rocky Burnette (1953-) Lipps Inc. Benny Mardones (1946-) Felix Cavaliere (1944-) Raffi Cavoukian (1948-) Gower Champion (1919-80) Waltraud Meier (1956-) Wright Morris (1910-98) David Del Tredici (1937-) Roadrunner Records 'Bosom Buddies', 1980-2 'Magnum, P.I.' starring Tom Selleck (1945-), 1980-8 'Magnum, P.I.' starring Tom Selleck (1945-), 1980-8 '42nd Street', 1980 '9 to 5', 1980 'Altered States', 1980 'American Gigolo', 1980 'The Blue Lagoon', 1980 'The Blues Brothers', 1980 'Breaker Morant', 1980 'Bronco Billy', 1980 'Caddyshack', 1980 'Cannibal Holocaust', 1980 'Coal Miners Daughter', 1980 Michael Apted (1941-) 'The Final Countdown', 1980 'Friday the 13th', 1980 Jason Vorhees 'Hangar-18', 1980 'The Long Good Friday', 1980 'Ordinary People', 1980 'Private Benjamin', starring Goldie Hawn (1945-), 1980) 'Prom Night', 1980 'Saturn 3', 1980 'Tenspeed and Brown Shoe', 1980 'Terror Train', 1980 'Too Close for Comfort', 1980-6 'The Shining', 1980 'The Shining', 1980 Stephen King (1947-) Diane Arbus (1923-71) 'Identical Twins, Roselle, N.J.' by Diane Arbus, 1967 'Self-Portrait' by Martin Kippenberger (1953-97), 1980 'Self-Portrait' by Alice Neel (1900-84), 1980 'Star Wars V: The Empire Strikes Back', 1980 'Urban Cowboy', 1980 Richard Pryor (1940-2005) 'Emotional Rescue' by the Rolling Stones, 1980 'California Scenario' by Isamu Noguchi (1904-88), 1980 Yugo, 1980-2008 Pac-Man, 1980 James Cameron (1954-) Simcha Jacobovici (1953-) Talpiot Tomb Strawberry Shortcake John Mackey (1953-) Whole Foods Market, 1980 Donald Trump (1946-) Grand Hyatt Hotel, New York, 1980- Robert Harold Schuller (1926-) Crystal Cathedral, 1980 Helmut Jahn (1940-) Xerox Center, 1980 Reunion Arena, 1980-2008 Yanjing Beer

1980 Doomsday Clock: 7 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Monkey (Feb. 16). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Ronald Reagan (1911-2004). This is the first year when global warming effects become noticeable?; this year the yearly number of wildfires in Calif. reaches a peak, bottoming-out in ? The Twentieth (20th) U.S. Census reports the total pop. as 226,545,805 in a land area of 3,618,770 sq. mi., giving a pop. density of 62.6 per sq. mi; white pop. is 85.9% , all of them all-time highs, except the last; pop. of Washington, D.C. area: 3M; the Japanese birthrate falls to a record low of 13.66 per thousand; meanwhile the govt. of Australia stinks itself up by injecting Aborigine women with the synthetic hormone Depo-Provera without their knowledge for contraception; Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping begins the "temporary" One Child Policy, with violators put in makeshift underground jails up to 35 days to scare them to quit doing the wild thing ithout safe sex; too bad, a daughter who marries doesn't have to take care of her parents, causing a return of infanticide aided by ultrasound machines; sole sons become known as "Little Emperors"; too bad, family-planning bureaucrats in many areas are milked by corrupt higher-ups, ordered to bring in $1K+ U.S. a mo. by selling birth permits, and accept baksheesh, causing births to be underreported, so that by 2000 a State Planning Commission senior official concedes that only 60M of China's 300M children under age 14 are from 1-child families; the Chinese fertility rate drops from 6.45 children per woman in 1968 to 2.24 this year. Large numbers of Middle Easterners (many Muslim) begin immigrating to the U.S.; Muslims begin immigrating to Catalonia, Spain, reaching 4%-6% of the pop. by 2005, and openly talking about reversing the Reconquista - play the Darth Vader music? 21,147 Jews emigrate from the Soviet Union via the exit route of Vienna, Austria, down from 51,320 last year. U.S. prices rise 12.4% this year, compared to 13.3% in 1979; a 2nd quarter recession cuts real output by 9.9%; oil prices reach a peak of $68 a barrel during the Iran-Iraq War, throwing the economies of oil-dependent countries into recession; the U.S. recession lasts from June 1981 to Dec. 1982; after the North Sea fields begin producing, prices return to the $20 a barrel level by 1986; Japan oil imports cost $39.5B for the fiscal year ending Mar. 31, causing a record $14.4B trade deficit for the year (vs. $13.4B in 1979); U.S. oil avgs. $22 a barrel (vs. $8.57 in 1977), and the oil industry drills a record 59,107 wells (vs. 27.3K in 1971 and 58,160 in 1956); proven domestic U.S. petroleum reserves fall to 27B (vs. 39B in 1970); U.S. gas prices avg. $1.20-$1.23 per gal. (vs. 66% in 1978); Saudi Arabia pumps 9.5M barrels a day (vs. 8.5B in 1979); U.S. air fuel prices climb to $1 from 57 cents a gal., causing passenger mi. flown to fall 5% and major U.S. airlines to lose $200M (vs. $1.4B profits in 1978 and $215M in 1979). 36M Americans receive monthly Social Security checks, 26M receive Medicare benefits, 22M receive Medicaid benefits, 18M receive food stamps, 15M receive veterans' benefits, 11M receive Aid to Families with Dependent Children (ADC), 27M children benefit from school lunch programs, and 11M college students receive federal college aid; good luck Ronald Reagan? 19% of U.S. families headed by women live in poverty (vs. 38% in 1970 and 50% in 1960). The percentage of women in the workforce in Western countries rises to 52% from 45% in 1960; Japan sees a slide to 54.9% from 60.1% in 1960 as less women are employed in agriculture. Unemployment in Britain rises above 2M for the first time since 1935, reaching 2.5M by the end of the year (vs. 800K in 1975); industrial output falls by 5%, while inflation exceeds 20%. West Germany has a currency deficit of $14.2B (vs. $5.4B in 1979 and a $9B surplus in 1978); the German mark falls 15% in relation to the U.S. dollar. Poland sees Western debts soar to $23B and industrial output fall 1.3%; avg. monthly wages rise 20% to $207, while inflation-adjusted personal income rises only 1%. Japanese auto production rises to 11M cars and trucks (10% more than 1979), passing U.S. auto production (7.8M) for the first time (30% less than 1979); U.S. sales of domestic cars fall 20% since last year, while sales of imported cars fall 15.2%, but comprise 25% of the U.S. market, 78% of them Japanese; the cost of retooling for smaller more fuel efficient cars to meet Japanese competition causes Chrysler Corp. to lose $1.8B and Ford Motor Corp. $1.5B, the largest by an U.S. corps. so far; GM loses $763M; British Leyland loses $1.2B (vs. $372M in 1979), and reduces its workforce from 155K to 130K; in Aug. Japanese imports outsell Leyland cars in Britain for the first time, causing them on Oct. 8 to introduce the subcompact 3-door 4-speed front-wheel-drive hatchback Austin Mini Metro (miniMETRO) as a replacement for the outdated smaller Mini (launched 1959), giving 46.1 mpg city, 63.7 mph highway. World grain production (metric tons): wheat: 445M, rice: 400M, maize: 392M, barley: 162M, millet/sorghum: 87M, oats: 43M, rye: 27M, buckwheat 2M; Saudi Arabia begins ramping up agricultural production, with 67K hectares of land under cultivation growing to 907K hectares in 1993, and avg. production per farm growing from 2.2 tons of wheat perhectare this year to 5.19 tons in 2005; producing 148K tons of wheat in 1981 and 4.1M tons in 1993, with wheat exports growing from 2.4 tons in 1978 to 1M tons in 2000; too bad, in 2007 the govt. announces a phasing-out of handouts to the agricultural sector, to be completed in 2016. Britain has 133K full-time farm workers (vs. 563K in 1945). U.S. cigarette sales: 614.5B; low-tar brands account for 49%, up from 16% in 1976; smoking since 1970 has dropped 28% among men 20+-y.-o., 20% among teenage boys, 13% among adult women, but risen 51% among teenage girls since 1968. Rum outsells vodka and whiskey in the U.S. for the first time since the early 19th cent. U.S. handguns in circulation: 55M; handgun killings per day avg.: 29; federally-licensed gun dealers: 175K. There are only eight craft breweries in the U.S. In this decade the U.S. govt. sets up the Main Core secret database of citizens it considers to be a threat to nat. security? In this decade the Polder Model of consensus-based socioeconomic policy making, based on the need of Middle Age holders of polders (land reclaimed from the sea) to cooperate even during war is implemented in the Netherlands (ends 2000); the term "poldermodel" is coined by Dutch politician Ina Brouwer in her 1990 article "Socialism as Poldermodel". In this decade Yuppies (Yumpies) (young urban professionals) (young upwardly-mobile professionals) begin appearing in the U.S., consisting of Baby Boomers who have outgrown the hippie thang and joined the system, climbing the corporate ladder while doing it on their own terms, such as wearing casual clothes to work and demanding on-site child care and fitness facilities. In this decade Breakdancing (Breaking) (B-Boying) is invented by African-Am. and Puerto Rican street youths in New York City, spreading worldwide; moves incl. toprock, downrock, power moves, and freezes; it is danced to hip-hop, funk music, and breakbeats. On Jan. 1 USC defeats Ohio State by 17-16 to win the 1980 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 the Swedish Act of Succession becomes effective, making the monarch's eldest child heir to the throne, regardless of gender; Princess Victoria (1977-) is first in line. On Jan. 1 near San Francisco the barge Kona smashes ashore between Point Bonita and Bird Rock, while the barge Agattu crashes on the rocks near Cronkhite Beach. On Jan. 1 British soldiers mistakenly kill two undercover soldiers while setting up an ambush near infamous Forkill in County Armagah, Northern Ireland. On Jan. 2 Pres. Carter asks the Senate to delay ratification of the arms treaty in response to the Soviet action in Afghanistan. On Jan. 2 the U.S. Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Act of 1979 is enacted, mandating that 10% of the budget of the Nat. Inst. of Drug Abuse (NIDA) be spent on drug prevention programs. On Jan. 3 Czech wildlife conservationist Joy Adamson (b. 1910), author of Born Free (1960) is murdered in N Kenya; in 1981 her servant, Turkana tribesman Nakware Ekai is convicted and sentenced to life, then recants his confession in 2005 - call in the conspiracy theorists? On Jan. 4 in response to the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Pres. Carter announces a U.S. boycott of the Moscow Olympics and a partial (not covered by the 1975 agreement) 17M metric ton embargo of U.S. grain sales to the Soviet Union, which has its 2nd straight bad harvest, causing Argentina to take up the slack; later in Jan. Coca-Cola announces that it will substitute high-fructose corn syrup for half the sucrose because of Carter's embargo, which causes lower U.S. corn prices, helping them offset higher sugar prices which reach 24 cents per lb. by June, up 60% from 1979. On Jan. 4 pres. (since June 3) Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly resigns, and PM Lt. Col. Mohammed Khouna Ould Haidallah (1940-) becomes pres. of the military junta in Mauritania (until Dec. 12, 1984). On Jan. 6 (00:00 UTC) the time epoch for the Global Positioning System begins. On Jan. 6 33 mo. after a humiliating defeat, Indira Gandhi's Congress Party wins elections in India after her youngest son Sanjay Gandhi (b. 1946) engineers it; on Jan. 14 Indian PM #3 (1966-7) Indira Gandhi becomes PM #6 of India (until Oct. 31, 1984); too bad, Sanjay is convicted of profiteering from an automobile project, and dies along with his flight instructor on June 23 while doing illegal aerial acrobatics. On Jan. 6 Sicilian pres. (since ?) Piersanti Mattarella is murdered by the Mafia - big surprise? On Jan. 7 after a plea to Congress late in 1979 by new Chrysler Corp. chmn. Lee Iacocca (1924-), Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Chrysler Corp. Loan Guarantee Act, giving them $1.2B in federal loan guarantees to offset their $1.1B in 1979 losses - like Maytag, I want one with a lot more capacity? On Jan. 9 Saudi Arabia beheads 63 people in towns across the country for their roles in the Nov. 1979 raid on the Grand Mosque in Mecca. On Jan. 11 Honda announces that it will build Japan's first U.S. passenger car assembly plant in Marysville, Ohio - ohio gozaimasu? On Jan. 11 Canadian newspaper mogul Kenneth R. Thomson, Lord Thomson of Fleet (1923-2006) gains control of the Toronto Globe and Mail along with seven other Canadian newspapers, giving him control of a total of 127; on Aug. 27 he shuts down the Ottawa Journal (founded 1885), while the same day another publisher shuts down the Winnipeg Tribune (founded 1990), and Thomson buys its fixed assets for $2.25M Canadian. On Jan. 13 the U.S. offers Pakistan a 2-year aid plan to counter the Soviet threat in Afghanistan; on Jan. 14 the U.N. votes 104-18 to deplore the Soviet acts in Afghanistan. On Jan. 15-31 Tropical Cyclone Hyacinthe forms NE of Mauritius and moves W-SW, passing N of Reunion and S of E Madagascar, dropping 3.3 ft. (1m) of rain on Reunion, and 239.5 in. (6.083m) of rainfail on Commerson's Crater, becoming the wettest tropical cyclone on record (until ?), destroying 2K houses and causing $167M damage. On Jan. 16 Beatle Paul McCartney is jailed in Tokyo for 10 days for possession of a half lb. of marijuana, then released and deported on Jan. 25. On Jan. 16 Walter Cronkite, who ends the CBS Evening News with "And that's the way it is", begins adding the length of the Iran hostages' captivity, beginning with "Day 50", ending on Jan. 20, 1981 with "Day 444". On Jan. 17 an IRA bomb prematurely explodes on Dunmurry Train near Belfast, killing three and injuring five. On Jan. 18 Studio 54 owners Steve Rubell and Ian Schrager are sentenced to three years in prison and fined $20K for tax evasion. On Jan. 20 Super Bowl XIV (14) (1980) is held at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, Calif. in front of a record crowd of 103,985, with Steelers fan waving terrible towels; the Pittsburgh Steelers (AFC) defeat the Los Angeles Rams (NFC) 31-19, with MVP QB (2nd time) (#12) Terry Paxton Bradshaw (1948-) throwing a 73-yard scoring strike to WR (#82) John Lee "Johnny" Stallworth (1952-) (which never worked in practice), clinching it; a record 4th SB win for the Steelers in six years, who now begin a long drought (until 2006). On Jan. 20 the bleachers at a bull ring in Sincelejo, Colombia collapse, killing 222. On Jan. 21 the price of gold peaks at a record $850 per oz., falling to $600/oz. by the end of the year. On Jan. 21 an Iran Air Boeing 727 crashes into the mountains near Laskgarak, Iran, killing all 128 aboard. On Jan. 21 the MS Athina B is beached in Brighton, England, becoming a temporary tourist attraction. On Jan. 22 Soviet dissidents Andrei Sakharov and Jelena Bonner are arrested in Moscow, and banished from the Soviet Union to the remote city of Gorki. On Jan. 24 in reaction to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the U.S. announces its intentions to sell arms to China. On Jan. 24 the bankrupt Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad is ordered liquidated to pay its creditors; its final train runs on Mar. 31. On Jan. 25 Abolhassan Bani-Sadr (1933-) is elected as Iran's first pres. since the 1979 Islamic Rev.; he is sworn-in on Feb. 4 (until June 21, 1981). On Jan. 26 Israel and Egypt establish diplomatic relations; to grease, er, encourage it the U.S. begins giving $3B a year in aid to Egypt (until ?), which the Egyptians take for the infidel jizya tax, exhibiting no gratitude? On Jan. 27 the Canadian Caper sees six U.S. diplomats who avoided being taken hostage pose as Canadians and escape from Tehran, Iran on a flight to Zurich with the help of Canadian diplomat Kenneth Douglas "Ken" Taylor (1934-) et al. On Jan. 27 Stephen J. Cannell's comedy detective series Tenspeed and Brown Shoe debuts on ABC-TV for 14 episodes (until June 27, 1980), starring Ben Vereen (Benjamin Augustus Middleton) (1946-) as hustler-on-parole E.L. (Early Leroy) "Tenspeed" Turner, and Jeffrey Lynn "Jeff" Goldblum (1952-) as accountant Lionel "Brownshoe" Whitney (lover of Mark Savage mysteries), who team up with their own detective agency in Los Angeles, Calif., becoming the first series from Stephen J. Cannell Productions. On Jan. 30 the first-ever Chinese Olympic team arrives in New York City for the Winter Games. On Jan. 31 the Spanish embassy in Guatemala is invaded and set on fire, killing 36, causing it to be called "Spain's own Tehran". In Jan. Robert L. Johnson launches Black Entertainment TV (BET). In Jan. "Star Wars" composer John Williams (1932-) is named conductor #19 of the Boston Pops Orchestra (founded 1885). In Jan. Serra Palada (Bald Mt.) Gold Field in Brazil 270 mi. S of the mouth of the Amazon River is discovered after a tree falls over in the rain on the farm of Genesio Ferreira da Silva, after which 1K garimpeiros (prospectors) arrive in 1 week and 22K in five weeks; prospector Jose Maria da Silva (1946-) discovers 22 lb. of gold in Apr. followed by 700 lb. on Sept. 1 alone, becoming known as the King of Serra Palada, causing the govt. to limit the area to Brazilians, who end up digging a huge pit by hand, as featured in the film "Powaqqatsi". On Feb. 2-3 overcrowded New Mexico State Penitentiary S of Santa Fe riots, taking 12 officers hostage, leaving 33 inmates killed (some of ODs), and 200+ wounded (100+ seriously) by fellow prisoners, along with $25M property damage. On Feb. 3 reports surface that the FBI had conducted a sting operation targeting members of Congress using phony Arab businessmen in what becomes known as Abscam, a codename protested by Arab-Americans. On Feb. 3 boxer Muhammad Ali tours Africa as Pres. Carter's envoy. On Feb. 4 Syria withdraws its peacekeeping force from Beirut. On Feb. 8 Pres. Carter unveils a plan to reintroduce draft registration; on June 27 he signs the legislation, and on July 21 registration begins in the U.S. for 4M 19-y.-o. and 20-y.-o. men - you don't have to thank me? On Feb. 12 a bus plunges into the Marica River near Sofia, Bulgaria, killing 25 of 51. On Feb. 13 Pres. Carter gives a press conference on the Iranian hostage crisis, being asked "Do you think it was proper for the United States to restore the Shah to the throne in 1953 against the popular will within Iran?", uttering the soundbyte: "That's ancient history, and I don't think it's appropriate or helpful for me to go into the propriety of something that happened 30 years ago." On Feb. 13-24 the XIII (13th) Winter Olympics are held in Lake Placid, N.Y. (first time 1932); cuddly bear Misha is the mascot; 1,072 athletes from 37 nations compete in 38 events in six sports; the first use of artificial snow in an Olympics; the People's Repub. of China returns after the IOC agrees to call the other China "Chinese Taipei"; the Soviet Union wins the games with 22 medals (10 gold, 6 silver, 6 bronze); on Feb. 15 Eric Heiden (1958-) of the U.S. sets an Olympic speedskating record in the 500m, and another on Feb. 16 in the 5K, then tops it off with his 5th speedskating gold on Feb. 23 in the 10K, setting another record (a record for a single Winter Olympics in speed skating); on Feb. 22 the Miracle on Ice sees a stunning semifinal round 4-3 upset by the U.S. Olympic hockey team, coached by Herbert Paul "Herb" Brooks (1937-2003) over the Soviets, after which they go on to win the gold on Feb. 24 by defeating Finland 4-2. On Feb. 14 the Solar Maximum (SolarMax) satellite is launched by NASA to monitor the Sun and its flares at an orbit of 400 mi. above the Earth; in Nov. its attitude control system fails, but it is repaired and launched by the Space Shuttle in Apr. 1984, then is destroyed by a massive solar flare on Dec. 2, 1989. On Feb. 14-29 elections in Zimbabwe give Maoist Robert Gabriel Mugabe (1924-2019) and his Zimbabwe African Nat. Union Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) party 57 of the 80 (out of 100) assembly seats reserved for blacks, 70% of whom speak Shona; early favorite Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo (1917-99) and his Zimbabwe African People's Union Patriotic Front (ZAPU-PF) party (mainly from the Ndbele tribe) win 20 seats, and Bishop Abel Muzorewa's United African Nat. Council wins three seats; the Rhodesian Front wins all 20 seats reserved for whites (230K, vs. 7M blacks); on Mar. 3 Mugabe is elected PM of Zimbabwe (until ?); on Apr. 18 after Mugabwe lies and pledges support for continuation of its free market economy, Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) gains formal independence from Britain, Methodist minister and pres.-elect #1 (until Dec. 31, 1987) Canaan Sodindo Banana (1936-2003) is handed the symbols of independence by Prince Charles, and Mugabe is knighted by Elizabeth II; too bad, in 1987 Banana is arrested for sodomy, flees to South Africa, and returns in Dec. 1998 to face trial, drawing a 10-year sentence on Jan. 18, 1999, and serving 6 mo. after being defrocked - peeled or unpeeled? On Feb. 15 followers of the John Frum Cargo Cult on Tanna Island in Vanuatu (founded 1941) declares independence as the nation of Tanna; the Anglo-French Condominium suppresses it on June 24, 1974; on Jan. 1, 1980 they try again as the nation of Tafea (Tanna, Aniwa, Futuna, Erromango, Aneityum Islands), and the Britis intervene on May 26, 1980, forcing them to join the new nation of Vanuatu on July 30, 1980. On Feb. 16 a total solar eclipse is visible in N Africa and W Asia. On Feb. 16 the Rome Metro A (Red) Subway Line between Cinecetta and Ottaviano opens, becoming more popular than the B (Blue) Line opened in 1955 that is plagued with crime. On Feb. 18 the Liberal Party wins elections in Canada, ousting Joe Clark and the Progressive Conservative Party after less than 9 mo.; on Mar. 3 former PM #15 (1968-79) Pierre Elliott Trudeau (1919-2000) becomes PM of Canada again (until June 30, 1984). On Feb. 18 two buses collide head-on in San Isidro, Costa Rica, killing 16 and injuring 39. On Feb. 18 Polish PM (since Dec. 23, 1970) Gen. Piotr Jaroszewicz resigns over accusations of economic mismanagement, corruption, and abuse of power. On Feb. 19 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 464 to admit Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; on July 30 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 477 to admit Zimbabwe. On Feb. 22 Afghanistan declares martial law. On Feb. 23 an oil tanker explosion off Pilos, Greece causes a 37M gal. spill - that's a pile o' grease? Suriname takes a boot on the chin? On Feb. 23 Ayatollah Khomeini announces that only the Iranian parliament can decide the fate of the U.S. hostages. On Feb. 25 a pre-dawn military coup in Paramaribo, Suriname by a 16-man junta of army sgts. led by former military sports instructor Lt. Col. Desire (Desiré) Delano "Desi" (Dési) Bouterse (1945-) and Roy Horb overthrows the govt. of PM Henck Arron (until 1988); on Mar. 15 civilian Hendrich Rudolf Chin A Sen (1934-99) becomes PM (until Apr. 2, 1982); on Aug. 13 another military coup deposes pres. Johan Ferrier in favor of Chen, who abolishes the 39-member nat. assembly and replaces it with a military council; on Aug. 17 council chmn. Sgt. Chas Nelson Mijnals (1947-) and other member are arrested for planning a takeover; Mijnals is succeeded by Lt. Ivan Graanoogst, who becomes Bouterse's puppet; in 1999 Bouterse is convicted in absentia in Netherlands of drug trafficking. On Feb. 25 Yes Minister debuts on BBC-TV for 21 episodes (until Dec. 23, 1982), starring Paul Eddington as idealistic MP Right Hon. James Hacker, new minister of admin. affairs, and Nigel Hawthorne as Sir Humphrey Appleby. On Feb. 26 Egypt and Israel exchange ambassadors for the first time. On Feb. 27-Apr. 27 the 1980 Dominican Embassy Siege by 17 M-19 (Apr. 19) guerrillas in Bogota, Colombia sees them dress up in jogging clothes and crash a celebration of independence day, taking 60 hostages incl. 14 ambassadors for 61 days as leader Rosemberg Pabon (Pabón) (1950-) AKA Commandante Uno demands $50M ransom and the release of 311 jailed comrades, lowering it to $10M and 70; on Apr. 27 the 16 remaining guerrillas leave the embassy with 12 remaining diplomats and board a Cubana Airlines flight to Cuba, being cheered at both ends them releasing the diplomats in Havana; Pabon returns to Columbia after the govt. signs a peace treaty with M-19 in Mar. 1990, going on become mayor of Yumbo after M-19 turns into a political party. On Mar. 1 0.25 in. of snow falls in hot humid Fla. On Mar. 1 the Commonwealth Trade Union Council (CTUC) is established in Britain. On Mar. 1 NASA's Voyager 1 confirms the existence of Saturn's moon Janus. On Mar. 1 the children's TV series Strawberry Shortcake debuts for 50 episodes (until 1983), designed in 1977 by Am. Greetings employee Muriel Fahrion for greeting cards; her cat is named Custard; Strawberry Shortcake Toys are marketed by Kenner. On Mar. 3 France performs a nuclear test at Muruora Island; on Mar. 23 it performs another nuclear test. On Mar. 3 after political parties gain limited freedom, the nat. assembly elects Gen. Prem Tinsulanonda (Tinsulananda) (1920-) as PM of Thailand (until Apr. 28, 1988). On Mar. 3 a city bus catches fire in Minsk, Belarus after driving into gasoline spilled by a fuel truck, killing 23. On Mar. 5 a bus slams into a banyan tree outside Krishnanagar, West Bengal, India, killing 32 and injuring 42. On Mar. 6 Islamic militants in Tehran agree to turn over the U.S. hostages to the Rev. Council, but balk on Mar. 8, causing the plan to fall through; on Mar. 10 Ayatollah Khomeini lends support them. On Mar. 6 Brussels-born bi French "Memoirs of Hadrian" (1951) novelist and animal rights activist Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87) becomes the first woman elected to the Academie Francaise since its 1635 founding; she is #17 to occupy Seat 3. On Mar. 8 the first-ever rock music festival is held in the Soviet Union. On Mar. 10 The Complete Scarsdale Diet (1979) author, cardiologist, and confirmed bachelor Dr. Herman Tarnower (b. 1910) is shot to death in Purchase, N.Y. by Madeira private school headmistress (Smith College grad) Jean Struven Harris (nee Struven) (1923-2012), his jealous lover of 14 years; after claiming it was an accident, she is convicted and serves almost 12 years in prison before her release in Jan. 1993; "Marriage isn't a natural state of being." (Tarnower) On Mar. 12 a Chicago jury finds John Wayne Gacy Jr. guilty of the murders of 33 men and boys; on Mar. 13 he is sentenced to death; he is finally executed in 1994. On Mar. 13 a jury in Winamac, Ind. finds Ford Motor Co. innocent of reckless homicide in the fiery deaths of three young women riding in a Ford Pinto; the same day Ford chmn. Henry Ford II announces that he is stepping down - broke after paying all those bribes? On Mar. 14 a LOT Polish Airlines Ilyushin 62 crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw, killing all 87 aboard, incl. 14 boxers and eight officials of a U.S. amateur boxing team. On Mar. 14 former liberal Dem. U.S. rep. (1969-71) Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (b. 1929) is mortally wounded in his New York City law office by a supporter, civil rights activist, and carpenter Dennis Sweeney (1943-), who is declared criminally insane next Feb., and released in 2000. On Mar. 17 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Refugee Resettlement Act, creating a uniform and effective resettlement and absorption policy, raising the refugee limit from 17.4K to 50K a year and providing wide limit-busting emergency procedures, establishing the Office of U.S. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs and the Office of Refugee Resettlement. On Mar. 18 a Vostok-2M rocket carrying a Tselina satellite explodes during fueling at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Arkhangelsk Oblast 500 mi. N of Moscow (120 mi. S of Arkhangelsk), killing 50; the Soviet don't admit the existence of the base until 1983. On Mar. 20 the U.S. appeals to the Internat. Court in The Hague about the hostages in Iran - my perfect summer is having everyone over? On Mar. 20 the Mi Amigo, housing the British pirate station Radio Caroline (founded in 1964) sinks; it begins broadcasting on a new ship in 1983. On Mar. 21 Pres. Carter announces to the U.S. Olympic Team that they will not participate in the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow as part of a boycott over Soviet intervention in Afghanistan; on Mar. 24 Australia breaks ranks and announces that it will send a delegation over objections by PM Malcolm Fraser. On Mar. 21 (Fri.) the cliffhanger "Dallas" episode A House Divided is broadcast on CBS-TV, showing love-to-hate-him bad guy J.R. Ewing getting what's coming to him, then asking the question "Who shot J.R.?", and making viewers wait all summer while building up the excitement, only to find it delayed through the fall by a Hollywood actors' strike (until Nov. 21). On Mar. 22 the Mobilization Against the Draft and Draft Registration Rally in San Francisco, Calif. is followed by another march on Mar. 23 in Washington, D.C. attended by 30K to protest Pres. Carter's proposed renewal of draft registration. On Mar. 23 deposed Iranian shah (1941-79) Reza Pahlavi II (b. 1919) arrives in Cairo, Egypt for cancer treatments; on Mar. 28 surgeons remove his enlarged spleen and part of his liver. On Mar. 23 Swedish voters back the development of 12 nuclear power plants and their use for at least 25 years to supply 40% of the nation's energy needs while the search for alternate sources continues. On Mar. 24 ABC-TV's popular nightly (11:30 p.m.) Iran hostage crisis program, anchored by English-born Jewish-Am. journalist Edward James "Ted" Koppel (1940-), which began last Nov. 10 is renamed Nightline; he makes his final appearance on Nov. 22, 2005 - who killed Ted Koppel? On Mar. 24 Communist-friendly Roman Catholic archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero (1917-) is assassinated in El Salvador while celebrating Mass, touching off riots; on Mar. 30 42 are killed at his funeral with bullets and bombs. On Mar. 26 Bombay, India gets its first rock concert in 10 years, the Police. On Mar. 26 a mine lift cage at the Vaal Reefs Gold Mine in South Africa falls 1.2 mi., killing 23. On Mar. 27 (Silver Thur.) after peaking at $54 early in the year, the silver bubble collapses as the price of silver plummets 50% in one day from $21.62 to $10.80 an oz.; in Aug. 1988 the Hunt Brothers (Nelson Bunker Hunt, William Herbert Hunt, Lamar Hunt) of Tex. are convicted of conspiring to manipulate the market - not of conspirating to assassinate JFK? On Mar. 27 (Thur.) Mount St. Helens in Washington State (dormant for 123 years) erupts with ash and steam at 1.1K F; a crater forms at the summit and the N flank begins to bulge; on May 18 (8:32 a.m.) it explodes with the force of 500 A-bombs, losing over 1.3K ft. of elevation (9,677 to 8,364) and gaining a 2-mi.-long 1-mi.-wide crater; 57 people are killed or missing; 51M cu. yds. of debris is dumped into the Columbia River. On Mar. 27 the Alexander L. Keilland North Sea floating oilfield platform capsizes during a storm, killing 123 of 212 crew workers. On Mar. 30 the Mormon Church celebrates its 150th anniv. in Salt Lake City - fireworks care of Mt. St. Helens? On Mar. 30 a floating hotel in Stavanger, Norway collapses, killing 123 oil workers. On Mar. 31 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Depository Institutions Deregulation Act (Banking Deregulation Act), establishing a universal system of banking reserves, and phasing out Regulation Q, removing ceilings on interest paid to small depositors, allowing payment of interest on checking accounts, and deregulating the savings and loan (S&L) industry, authorizing them to issue credit cards et al., leading to a crisis by the end of the decade; Fred Dalton Thompson works as a lobbyist on behalf of the Tenn. Savings and Loan League to get it passed; on Apr. 2 banks raise their prime rate to 20% after the Federal Reserve tightens money; it falls to 12% in Oct. then rises to 21.5% in mid-Dec. In Mar. riot police in Burma kill 200 demonstrators. In Mar. 12-y.-o. Angela Lenair becomes the first female victim of the Atlanta, Ga. child murderer Wayne Bertram Williams (1958-), followed within two weeks by Jeffery Mathis and Eric Middlebrooks, and two girls and 11 boys by the end of the year, causing the black community to become terrorized. On Apr. 1 an assassination attempt against Iraq vice-PM Tariq Aziz (1936-) fails. On Apr. 1-11 the 1980 New York City Transit Strike (first since 1966) over wages for contracted workers sees 34K mass transit workers in New York City go on strike, stopping 6.4K subway cars and 4.5K buses, forcing 5.4M to find other ways to get to work until a 17% raise is agreed to (9% in the first year, 8% in the 2nd year); women begin wearing sneakers to work to walk over the Brooklyn Bridge, and it becomes a habit. On Apr. 1 the South African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) in Lusaka, Zambia is attended by Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. On Apr. 2 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act, applying only to price increases above the controlled levels prior to June 1, 1979, allowing oil cos. to rake in $1T in extra revenues, keeping $221B after taxes. On Apr. 2 the St. Pauls Riot in Bristol, England sees police raid the Black and White Cafe after racial disturbances involving 100-200 black and white youths, arresting 130, with 25 injured, incl. 19 police and press. On Apr. 2 an article in The Washington Post carries the line "It's time to rock and roll. The Town is ours", becoming the first use of rock and roll as a verb. On Apr. 4 Earth First! is founded to promote ecosabotage or monkeywrenching, based on the "Monkey Wrench Gang" novels of Edward Paul Abbey (1927-89). On Apr. 7 the U.S. breaks relations with Iran and imposes economic sanctions. The Soviets go for quantity not quality? On Apr. 9 Soyuz 35 carries Soviet cosmonauts Valery Victorovich Ryumin (1939-) and Leonid Ivanovich Popov (1945-) to space station Salyut 6; on May 26 Soyuz 36 carries cosmonauts Valery Nikolayevich Kubasov (1935-) and Bertalan Farkas (1949-) (first Hungarian and first Esperantist in space) to Salyut 6; they return on Soyuz 35; on June 5 Yuri Vasilievich Malyshev (1941-99) and Vladimir Viktorovich Asksyonov (1935-) are launched on the Soyuz T-2 mission, which docks with Salyut 6; on July 23 Viktor Vassilyevich Gorbatko (1934-) and Phan Tuan (1947-) (first Vietnamese and first non-Russian Asian in space) are launched on Soyuz 37, after which the Soyuz 35 crew returns to Earth after 185 days in orbit; on Sept. 18 Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Victorovitch Romanenko (1944-) and Cuban cosmonaut Arnoldo Tamayo Mendez (1942-) (first black, first Cuban, first Hispanic, and first from a non-U.S. Western Hemisphere country in space) take off on Soyuz 38, docking with Salyut 6; on Nov. 27 Soyuz T-3 launches carrying Leonid Denisovich Kizim (1941-2010), Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov (1933-2003), and Gennadi Mikhailovich Strekalov (1940-2004) (1st 3-person crew since Soyuz 11), docking with Salyut 6 and exchanging crews. On Apr. 10 Spain and the U.K. reopen the border between Spain and Gibraltar that was closed in 1969. On Apr. 11 the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission issues regulations specifically prohibiting sexual harassment of workers by supervisors - except during power blackouts or when it's snowing? On Apr. 12 after the "indigenous" Liberians get pissed-off at the Am.-descent ones, Liberian pres. #20 (since July 23, 1971) William Richard Tolbert Jr. (b. 1913) is ousted in a military coup led by Master Sgt. Samuel Kanyon Doe (1951-90), who becomes pres. #21 of Liberia (until Sept. 9, 1990); on Apr. 12 Tolbert is castrated and has his ears cut off then executed, and and 27 other high officials are executed by firing squad; on Apr. 25 a 17-member people's redemptive council suspends the constitution and assumes absolute power with Doe as pres; an ethnic Krahn, Doe paints his revolt as indigenous versus American imports, who have ruled Liberia with a dem. repub. since its founding in 1847, and the crowds in the streets chant "We are finally free". On Apr. 12 Terrance Stanley "Terry" Fox (1958-81) of Winnipeg, Man., Canada begins his Marathon of Hope, dipping his artificial right leg (amputed from cancer) into the Atlantic at St. John's Newfoundland, then running across Canada to raise $20M for cancer research, running one marathon (26.2 mi.) each day; on Sept. 1 after bone cancer lumps are found in his lungs he is forced to stop NE of Thunder Bay, Ont. after 143 days and 3,339 mi. (23.3 mi. per day avg.); spawns the 1983 Ralph L. Thomas TV movie The Terry Fox Story, starring real-life amputee Eric Fryer. On Apr. 13 Grease closes at the Broadhurst Theater in New York City after 3,388 perf. On Apr. 14 the 52nd Academy Awards in Los Angeles are hosted by Johnny Carson and Miss Piggy; best picture Oscar for 1979 goes to Columbia Pictures' Kramer vs. Kramer, along with best actor to Dustin Hoffman, best supporting actress to Meryl Streep (who leaves her Oscar in the waiting room?), and best dir. to Robert Benton; best actress goes to Sally Field for Norma Rae, and best supporting actor goes to Melvyn Douglas for Being There. On Apr. 15 after 10.8K Cubans crowd into the Peruvian embassy in Havana and Fidel the King of Great Deals Castro says that anyone can leave Cuba through the port of Mariel, the massive Mariel Boatlift from Mariel Harbor, Cuba to Fla. of 125K people in 1.7K boats begins; too bad, on Oct. 31 Fidel changes his mind and closes the port of Mariel, leaving 375K unable to get out of his Commie Paradise, after which the U.S. reciprocates and prohibits further immigration from Cuba; despite claims of Castro emptying his jails of undesirables, only 2,746 are denied U.S. citizenship. On Apr. 22 the overloaded Philippine luxury passenger ferry M.V. Don Juan collides with the govt. oil tanker M.T. Talcloban City near Mindoro Island while the Capt. is playing mahjong and drinking beer; there are 745 survivors, 18 killed, and 115 missing from the luxury ship. On Apr. 24 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at a year low of 759.13. On Apr. 24 the U.S. attempts Operation Desert One (Eagle Claw), a rescue of the 53 Iranian hostages by 90 commandos in six C-130 transport planes, which take off from S Egypt and land 300 mi. SE of Tehran; too bad, it fails when three helis are damaged in a sandstorm and a 4th heli collides on the ground with a C-130, killing eight; on Apr. 25 Pres. Carter announces the disaster on TV; Ayatollah Khomeini threatens to kill the hostages if the U.S. tries another "silly maneuver"; in Oct. the failure causes the super-elite do-it-all SEAL Team Six to be founded in Dam Neck, Va. for counterterrorist ops; by 2011 there are 300 members; meanwhile after Pres. Carter pressures him into surrendering the Sinai in exchange for a peace treaty with Egypt, causing him to fear that he will also force him to accept a Palestinian state, Israeli PM Menachem Begin shifts Israel's political support to Repub. candidate Ronald Reagan, helping insure Carter's lopsided defeat?; the CIA and Israeli Likud begin plotting to oust Carter, leading to the October Surprise Conspiracy? On Apr. 24 the 1980 Penn. Lottery Scandal (Triple Six Fix) sees six men exposed for rigging it incl. TV drawing host Nick Perry (1916-2003) after the improbable number 666 is drawn; they rigged the balls so that mostly 4s and 6s came up. On Apr. 25 a chartered Dan-Air Flight 1008 (Boeing 727) carrying 138 British vacationers and a crew of eight crashes into the mountains near Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands on landing approach, killing all 146 aboard, becoming the most fatal British-registered aircraft disaster (until ?). On Apr. 26 the St. Kilda Mum Mystery sees recently divorced Louise Yvonne Faulkner (b. 1937) and her 2-y.-o. daughter Charmian Faulkner (b. 1977) disappear from outside their residence in St. Kilda, Victoria, Australia; the case isn't solved until ?. On Apr. 28 Pres. Carter accepts the resignation of secy. of state (since 1977) Cyrus Vance, who had opposed the failed Iran hostage rescue mission - and is now free to bail out before the fit hits the shan? On Apr. 30 the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege sees six Iranian-born Arab separatist terrorists seize the Iranian embassy in London and capture 26 hostages; on May 5 after five hostages are released, British commandos storm the bldg. and end the siege, killing five of them and rescuing 19 hostages; Fowzi Nejad, the only terrorist survivor, who posed as a hostage and was escorted from the embassy before being found out pleads guilty to double manslaughter next Jan. 22 and gets a life sentence, after which he is released on Nov. 2008 and allowed to stay in England. On Apr. 30 Queen (since 1948) Juliana (b. 1909) of the Netherlands abdicates on her 71st birthday, and her daughter Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard (1938-) is crowned queen of the Netherlands (until ?); her hubby (since 1966) prince Claus van Amsberg (1926-2002) was a member of the Hitler Youth; demonstrations rock Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Utrecht over homeless conditions. In Apr. South Korean Gen. Chun Doo-hwan (1931-) seizes control of the KCIA, setting off demonstrations, growing to 100K on May 15 in Seoul; on May 17 Chun seizes power and announces Martial Law Decree No. 10, closing down all univs. and the Nat. Assembly, and prohibiting political action; on May 18 the Kwangju Massacre sees military paratroopers drop in and slaughter protesting students, causing a gen. revolt by May 21, with more troops arriving on May 27, killing hundreds and wounding or arresting thousands; the Carter admin. approved the plans after being misled by faulty intel on the size of the revolt; on May 31 Chun establishes the joint military-civil Special Committee for Nat. Security Measures; on Aug. 16 the puppet pres. steps down; on Aug. 22 Doo-hwan officially resigns from the military, then is elected pres. on Aug. 25 (until 1988), and gets a new 1980 South Korean Constitution passed in Oct., limiting a pres. to only one term; on Sept. 17 Roman Catholic dissident ("the Nelson Mandela of Asia") Kim Dae-jung (1924-2009) is convicted of sedition and sentenced to death, but after a letter from Pope John Paul II on Dec. 11 asking for clemency, next Jan. 23 his sentence is commuted to 20 years, and he is released in 1982 and exiled to the U.S., returning in 1985 and leading the opposition, becoming pres. in 1998. On May 2 Nepal holds its first election in 22 years, and the voters approve the continued autocratic rule by the king and partyless parliament, but the king promises that eventually a new legislature will be elected that can hold the PM and his cabinet responsible. On May 3 after her 13-y.-o. daughter Cari Lightner is killed by repeat drunk driver Clarence Busch (b. 1934) in Fair Oaks, Calif., who gets a light sentence, Candace Lynne "Candy" Lightner (nee Dodderidge) (1946-) founds Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) (originally Drunk Drivers) in Irving, Tex.; after it becomes too prohibitionist for her taste, advocating a 21-y.-o. legal drinking age et al., she leaves in 1985. On May 4 Yugoslavian (Croat) strongman pres.-PM (since 1943) Marshal Josip Broz Tito (b. 1892) dies three days before his 88th birthday (last WWII leader to die), and a collective presidency rotates annually among the six repubs. and two autonomous provinces of the federal repub. (which doesn't stop the Serbs, Croatians, Montenegrans, Slovenians, and Bosnians from scheming to break away); Tito's funeral is attended by 140+ world leaders, becoming the diplomatic and media event of the cent., only eclipsed by Pope John Paul II's Apr. 2005 funeral; now that atheist Tito has teetered off, religion makes a comeback in Yugoslavia, and until 1984 the govt. attempts to keep them down by arresting and sentencing Catholic and Muslim fundamentalist leaders. On May 4 Pres. Carter inaugurates the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services (HHS) (Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare since Apr. 11, 1953), followed on May 16 by the U.S. Dept. of Education, which are split out of the old Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare; the Repubs. make the Dept. of Education and its alleged federal intrusion into local school control a campaign issue. On May 5 Pres. Carter says that the Mariel Cubans will be welcomed "with open hearts and open arms." On May 6 Greek PM (since 1974) Konstantine Karamanlis resigns after being elected pres. (until 1985); on May 10 George (Georgios) Ioannou Rallis (1918-2006) becomes PM of Greece (until Oct. 21, 1981). On May 7 Paul Geidel (1894-1987), convicted of 2nd deg. murder is released from prison in Beacon, N.Y. after 68 years 245 days, the longest time served by a U.S. inmate (until ?), with the soundbyte "No publicity please"; he spends the rest of his life in a nursing home in Dutchess County, N.Y. On May 8 Roman Catholic Edmund Sixtus "Ed" Muskie (1914-96) of Maine becomes U.S. secy. of state #58 (until Jan. 20, 1981), the highest U.S. office held by a Polish-Am. On May 8 the World Health Org. (WHO) announces that viral smallpox (variola major) has been eradicated after causing 300M-500M deaths since 1914 by a massive internat. vaccination program; the last known case occurred on Oct. 26, 1977 in Merca District, Somalia; an effective treatment has never been developed? On May 9 Liberian freighter Summit Venture rams the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay in Fla., causing a 1.4K-ft. section to collapse and killing 35 motorists, most of them passengers in a Greyhound bus. On May 9 (3:40 p.m.) the Norco Shootout sees five heavily-armed bank robbers rob Security Pacific Bank in Norco, Calif., then shoot it out with deputies, stealing a vehicle and fleeing to San Bernardino County, where they ambush pursuing deputies and continue the shootout; two robbers and one deputy are killed, nine deputies are injured, and 30+ police cars are damaged, plus a police heli; two days later three of the four surving robbers are arrested near the ambush, and sentenced to life without parole - there's a place called Hidden Valley where what? On May 9 a plane crash in N.J. kills Turks and Caicos Islands PM #1 (since Aug. 31, 1976) James Alexander George Smith "Jags" McCartney (b. 1945). On May 11 the U.S. expels four Libyans for threatening Libyan students in the U.S. who spoke out against their beloved Col. Muammar al-Gaddafi. On May 11 N.Y. Lucchese crime family mobster Henry Hill Jr. (1943-2012) is arrested for narcotics trafficking, bonds out, and is soon rearrested as a material witness in the Dec. 11, 1978 Lufthansa robbery, deciding to become a rat and join the witness protection program, which leads to 50 convictions, incl. Jimmy Burke and his longtime godfather Paul Vario. On May 12-15 the first nonstop crossing of the U.S. via balloon is made by Maxie Leroy Anderson (1934-83) and his son Kristian; too bad, on June 27, 1983 he dies during a race in W Germany. On May 16 the U.S. EPA reports that it has found chromosomal damage in 36 Love Canal residents, and on May 21 Pres. Carter declares a health emergency, making 810 families eligible for temp. relocation; on Sept. 30 Carter visits Niagara Falls and signs a bill authorizing $15B to purchase Love Canal houses, and on Oct. 1 he signs an order providing for permanent relocation of all families from the area; 733 are relocated, and 67 elect to remain. On May 17 the Maoist Shining Path guerrilla group attacks a polling location in Chuschi, Avacucho, Peru. On May 17-19 the 1980 Miami Riots Fla. in Miami's 40x60 block Liberty City neighborhood (pop. 233K) kill 14 (one of the worst riots in U.S. history); they erupt after an all-white justice-for-the-cops jury in Tampa acquits four former Miami police officers (three white, one Cuban) of fatally beating black insurance exec Arthur McDuffie (1946-79) on Dec. 17, 1979 after he flees an arrest for driving with a suspended motorcycle license, kicking him down and hitting him repeatedly with nightsticks, cracking his skull "like an egg", then attempting a coverup by running over his motorcycle with a police car to make it look like an accident; the lead prosecutor is future U.S. atty. gen. Janet Reno. On May 18 the 3rd govt. of Wilfried Martens (1936-) in Belgium is formed. On May 18 the PRC launches its first intercontinental rocket. On May 18 deposed exiled former pres. #85 (1963-8) Fernando Belaunde (Belaúnde) Terry (1912-2002) is reelected to a 2nd term as pres. of Peru, ending 12 years of military rule and restoring democracy and freedom of the press, although economic problems, strikes and insurgents continue to rock the boat; he becomes Peruvian pres. #88 on July 28 (until July 28, 1985). On May 18-27 the Gwangju (Kwangju) (518) Massacre in South Korea sees 100K townspeople and students begin a 9-day demonstration and uprising against dictator Chun Doo-hwan that is finally bloodily put down by troops, who kill 2K. On May 20 the 1980 Quebec Referendum on sovereignty is defeated by 59.6% to 40.4%; next referendum in 1995. On May 20 a fire at a home for the elderly in Kingston, Jamaica kills 146 of 211 residents, becoming the deadliest fire in a facility for the elderly since 1955 (until ?); another fire on Apr. 23 in St. Jean de Losne, France kills 24 patients, and another on July 14 in Mississauga, Ont., Canada kills 25 of 198 patients. On May 21 Ensign Jean Marie Butler becomes the first woman to graduate from a U.S. service academy as she accepts her degree and commission from the Coast Guard Academy in New London, Conn. On May 22 Bronx, N.Y.-born computer operator Richard Francis Cottingham (1946-) is arrested after a crime spree beginning in 1967-8, killing and dismembering hos in Times Square, and is convicted of five murders while claiming to be responsible for 85-100 murders, becoming known as "the Butcher of Times Square" and "the Times Square/New York Torso Ripper". On May 24 the Internat. Court of Justice in The Hague calls on Iran to release it U.S. hostages, which it rejects. On May 26 after crude oil prices soar above $30 a barrel, OPEC meets in Algiers and sets a $32 per barrel ceiling, with some grades to sell as high as $37; Saudi Arabia tries in vain to talk them into $28; in Oct. they change it to $34 a barrel; on Oct. 31 Saudi Arabia announces that it will cut production by 10% to 8.5M barrels a day because of a market glut; in Nov. Exxon Corp. decides to surrender its interests in Libya, which charges more than other OPEC nations and makes little profit, and on Dec. 21 Libya announces that it is cutting prices by 50 cents to $37 a barrel effective Jan. 1; on Dec. 11 another OPEC meeting in Abu Dhabi decides to lower prices of some inferior grades of oil next Jan. 1. On May 27 the secy.-gen. of the Coca-Cola Workers' Union in Guatemala is murdered by rightists linked to the plant's U.S. owner after he leads a union strike in Apr., becoming the 3rd union member murdered in 18 mo. and sparking an internat. outcry resulting in troop occupation of the plant, recognition of the union, and concessions granted - things go better with Coke? On May 28 Rhodes Scholar Andrea Lee Hollen becomes the first female graduate of West Point Military Academy; 61 others also graduate, out of 119 who entered. On May 29 Am. civil rights leader Vernon Eulion Jordan Jr. (1935-) is shot and critically wounded in an assassination attempt in Gary, Ind. by Mobile, Ala.-born white supremacist serial killer ("the Racist Killer") Joseph Paul Franklin (James Clayton Vaughn Jr.) (1950-2013), who got pissed-off after seeing him with a white woman in Ft. Wayne, Ind., becoming the first major news story for CNN (debuts June 1); on Mar. 6, 1978 Franklin allegedly shot Penthouse mag. publisher Larry Flynt and his atty. for an interracial sex article; Jordan goes on to become a close adviser to Pres. Bill Clinton; next Mar. 4 a jury in Salt Lake City convicts Franklin of violating the civil rights of two black men he shot to death; he later receives six life sentences and a death sentence, and is executed by lethal injection on Nov. 20, 2013. On May 30 Pope John Paul II arrives in France on the first visit by the head of the Roman Catholic Church since the early 19th cent. - the churches are still empty on Sundays? On May 30 the final ed. of the 5-min. midday CBS Mid-Morning News (begun Apr. 23, 1979), anchored by Douglas Edwards (1917-90) airs, becoming the last scheduled U.S. nat. network daytime newscast. On May 31 Deng Xiaoping makes a speech, uttering the soundbyte "We must eliminate feudalism from the life of the party and from the life of society". In May after 20K Cuban refugees housed in Fort Chaffee, Ark. create security and law enforcement problems, KLMN-TV reporter Leslie Millwee interviews Ark. gov. Bill Clinton 20x, causing him to sexually assault her on three separate occasions; she doesn't come out until Oct. 19, 2016 during the Donald Trump-Hillary Clinton campaigns. In May-Aug. 1,779 forest fires in Ontario, Canada destroy 1.38M acres and destroy $30M Canadian worth of timber, worst since 1923. On June 1 Cincinnati-born Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (1938-) debuts Cable News Network (CNN), the first TV network with 24/7 news reporting, based in Atlanta, Ga., vowing to stay on the air till the world ends; Chicago-born African-Am. journalist Bernard Shaw (1940-) anchors the news until Mar. 2001; the first name he mentions is Pres. Carter; the first congressperson interviewed is Al Gore; Moneyline TV Financial News debuts on CNN, hosted by Louis "Lou" Dobbs (1945-). On June 3 (eve.) a series of tornadoes in Grand Island, Neb. kill five, injure 250, and cause $300M in damage. On June 5 a tour bus rolls off the highway near Jasper, Ark., killing 22 and injuring 19. On June 9 during the making of the film "Bustin' Loose", black comedian Richard Pryor (1940-2005) suffers almost fatal 3rd deg. burns at his San Fernando Valley, Calif. home when a mixture of freebase cocaine explodes. On June 10 the African Nat. Congress (ANC) in South Africa pub. a Message from Nelson Mandela, who is imprisoned on Robben Island; it contains the soundbyte: "Unite! Mobilise! Fight on! Between the anvil of united mass action and the hammer of the armed struggle we shall crush apartheid!" On June 10 a package from the Unabomber with a copy of Sloan Wilson's 1979 novel "Ice Brothers" concealing a bomb injures United Airlines pres. Percy Wood at his home in Lake Forest, Ill.; the first to carry the initials "FC" (Freedom Club). On June 12 Japanese PM (since Dec. 7, 1978) Masayoshi Ohira (b. 1910) dies of a heart attack, and on June 12 foreign minister Masayoshi Ito (1913-1994) becomes acting PM; on June 22 elections are held, and on July 17 Zenko Suzuki (1911-2004) becomes Japanese PM #70 (until Nov. 27, 1982); on June 14 3K dignitaries attend Ohira's memorial service. On June 16 the U.S. Supreme (Buger) Court rules 9-0 in Bryant v. Yellen that Calif. Imperial Valley farmers may continue to receive Colorado River water despite not complying with a 1926 law limiting farm size to 160 acres. On June 20 Augusta AVA in Mo. becomes the first federally recognized Am. Viticultural Area (AVA) in the U.S., followed next Feb. by the Napa Valley AVA; by Mar. 2015 there are 230. On June 22 the Soviet Union announces a partial withdrawal of forces from Afghanistan. On June 23 the 1980 U.S. Heat Wave begins, killing 1.7K and causing $20B agricultural damage. On June 24 France tests its first neutron bomb at Mururoa Atoll, and on June 26 Pres. d'Estaing announces it - pronounced BOME-buh? On June 25 the Muslim Brotherhood attempts to assassinate Syrian pres. Hafez al-Assad, who sends the army against them; on June 27 the Tadmor Massacre sees 1K prisoners of infamous Tadmor Prison murdered by the Defense Brigades of Gen. Rifaat al-Assad, brother of Hafez al-Assad; the prison is closed in 2001, then reopened on June 15, 2011 to house anti-govt. demonstrators; in May 2015 it is captured and blown up on May 30 by ISIS. On June 25 a bus plunges into the Rahand Nullah River in Bilaspur, Madhya Pradesh, India, killing 58 of 101. On June 27 the Ustica Massacre sees Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 (DC-9) en route from Bologna to Palermo explode in midair and crashes into the sea near Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 aboard; a bomb or missile is suspected, giving conspiracy theorists a new baby. On June 27 Canada's House of Common adopts Oh, Canada as the nat. anthem. On June 29 Popular Dem. Union (UDP) leftist candidate and former pres. (1956-60) Hernan Siles Suazo is elected pres. of Bolivia; too bad, on July 17 before he can redecorate the pres. suite, the Cocaine Coup of military cocaine trafficker-financed anti-Communist hardliners led by Gen. Luis Garcia Meza Tejada (1932-), and backed by Nazi Klaus Barbie (under the alias Klaus Altmann) and Italian Neo-Fascist Stefano Delle Chiaie (1936-) overthrows him, and Tejada becomes pres. #68 of Bolivia (until Aug. 4, 1981), bragging that his new reich will last 20 years, and setting up the notorious Intelligence Battalion 601, stocked with imported prof. torturers from Argentina, led by Col. Luis Arce Gomez (known for the soundbyte "walk around with your written will under your arms"), which goes on to kill 1K in the next 13 mo., incl. Socialist congressman Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz (1931-80); Tejada gives cocaine traffickers a green light, making it the country's main export by 1981, resulting in an internat. outcry, despite arms-length support by U.S. Pres. Reagan. On June 29 divorced Reykjavik city theater dir. Vigdis Finnbogadottir (1930-) is elected, becoming the first woman head of state in Iceland on Aug. 1 (until Aug. 1, 1996), and first elected woman head of state in world history; she goes on to serve four 4-year terms. On June 29 a bus carrying 100 women and children plunges into the Upper Jhelam Canal near Mirpur, Kashmir, Pakistan, killing 90. On June 30 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in Harris v. McRae that states don't have to fund nontherapeutic abortions with Medicaid if the 1976 U.S. Hyde Amendment won't pay for them with federal funds; in 2009 justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg utters the controversial soundbyte: "Frankly, I had thought that at the time Roe was decided, there was concern about population growth and particularly growth in populations that we don't want to have too many of. So that Roe was going to be then set up for Medicaid funding for abortion... But when the court decided McRae, the case came out the other way." By the end of June 130K refugees from Laos and Vietnam are living in Thailand along the Cambodian border, and invasions of Thai territory by Vietnamese troops fighting the Pol Pot govt. drive 100K more Cambodian refugees into Thailand, joining the 200K Cambodians already there, causing the Thais to appeal to the U.S. for military aid; in July 35 reconditioned tanks and other weapons are flown to Thailand, and the Carter admin. pledges help in the event of a larger attack. In June-Sept. the 1980 U.S. summer heat wave cooks the Midwest and Southern Plains, causing massive drought that causes $20B agricultural damage and kills 1.7K; the Dallas/Fort Worth, Tex. area sees 100F+ temps a total of 69x incl. 42 straight days from June 23-Aug. 3, and 113F (45C) on June 26-28; on July 5 the More Trees Down Derecho blows in E Neb. to Va. for 15 hours, killing six and injuring 70; on July 15 the Western Wisc. Derecho kills three and causes $240M damage, becoming the largest storm damage total in Wisc. to that point. On July 1 O Canada is proclaimed the nat. anthem of Canada. On July 1 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Motor Carrier Regulatory Reform and Modernization (Motor Carrier) Act, ending federal controls and deregulating the U.S. trucking industry. On July 2 in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Pres. Carter signs Proclamation 4771, requiring 18-to-25-y.-o. males to register for the military draft. On July 2 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in Fullilove v. Klutznick that Congress has authority to redress past racial discrimination via minority quotas in govt. contract awards, such as by a 10% setaside; too bad, three separate majority opinions are written, plus two minority opinions by dissenters Stewart and Rehnquist; the decision is overruled in Adarand Constructors Inc. v. Pena (1995), which adopts strict scrutiny for federal contracting. On July 2 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 7-1 in Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia that the press and public have a right to attend criminal trials because it's "implicit in the guarantees of the First Amendment" to not only speak but receive info. On July 4 two passenger buses collide head-on on Nat. Highway Route 1 in Camalig, Philippines, killing 13 and injuring 28. On July 5 Mauritania issues its 3rd decree abolishing slavery as a public relations gesture; meanwhile in Feb. the slave auction of a beautiful woman in Atar gains internat. attention. On July 8 the Lublin July (1980 Lublin Strikes) begins in Lublin, Poland over wages and food prices, involving 50K from 150 enterprises by mid-July. On July 8 after Iran grants women the vote, they demonstrate at the office of the pres. against the Islamic dress code requiring veiling. On July 9 Pope John Paul II visits Brazil; too bad, seven are crushed to death in the crowd trying to meet him. On July 11 U.S. State Dept. foreign service officer Richard Ivan Queen (1951-2002) is freed by Iran after 8 mo. of captivity because of poor health, and leaves Tehran for Switzerland. On July 13 pres. (since Sept. 30, 1966) Seretse Khama (b. 1921) dies, and on July 18 Sir Quett Ketumile Joni Masire (1925-) of the Botswana Dem. Party becomes pres. #2 of Botswana (until Mar. 31, 1998). On July 14-17 the 1980 Repub. Nat. Convention in Detroit, Mich. nominates Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) of Calif. for U.S. pres. on July 16; hours later Reagan breaks with precedent to appear in the hall to announce his running mate George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-2018) of Tex., which he selected after consulting his wife Nancy's astrologer Joyce Jillson (1946-2004) (known for picking the 1977 opening date for "Star Wars" and taking credit for its box office success?) (who once played Jill Smith in TV's "Peyton Place" and "Tara B. True" in the sex comedy film "Superchick") (it was a setup, a payback for his role in the JFK assassination?); the convention drops longstanding support for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA); the Reagan campaign features TV commercials talking about "Morning in America" and quoting from Puritan John Winthrop's 1630 Sermon "City on a Hill" - my arm wasn't moving, my neck wasn't stiff, it was amazing? On July 15 the 1980 Western Wisconsin Derecho (severe thunderstorm system) strikes four counties incl. the city of Eau Claire, killing one and causing $160M in damage, becoming the worst natural disaster in Wisc. until ?. On July 16 Juan Antonio Samaranch (1920-2001) of Spain becomes Internat. Olympic Committee (IOC) pres. #7 (until July 16, 2001), rescuing the Olympics from near bankruptcy and turning them into hotly contested properties for competing countries; on July 19-Aug. 3 the XXII (22nd) Summer Olympic Games are held in Moscow, becoming the first held in E Europe; after the U.S. leads a boycott of 61 countries in protest of the 1979 Soviet war in Afghanistan, 5,179 athletes from 81 of 142 nations (lowest since 1956) compete in a record 203 events in 21 sports; a record 21% of the athletes are female; the first appearance of Angola, Vietnam, Botswana, Laos, Nicaragua, Seychelles, Mozambique, and Cyprus; beetle-browed Leonid Brezhnev officially opens the games, and the crew of Salyut 6, Leonid Popov and Valery Ryumin send their greetings to Central Lenin Stadium; 5M attend; there are only two protests, fewest since 1964; blonde Amazon athlete Ilona Slupianek (1956-) of East Germany wins a gold in the shot put with a record 22.41m, which isn't surpassed until ?; Anatoli Starostin (1960-) of the Soviet Union wins a gold with a record 5,568 points, which isn't surpassed until ?; Allan Wipper Wells (1952-) of Scotland beats Silvio Leonard in a photofinish to become the first British athlete to win the 100m since 1924 (10.25 sec.); Zimbabwe's all-white team wins the inaugural gold medal in women's field hockey. On July 18 a Libyan MiG-23 crashes in the Sila Mts. in Castelsilano, Calabria, Italy, causing speculation that it is connected to the Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 crash. On July 18 U.S. Rep. (D-N.Y.) (1975-93) Stephen Joshua Solarz (1940-2010) becomes the first U.S. official to visit North Korea since the end of the Korean War, and the first to meet with Kim Il-sung, going on to chair the Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. On July 19 former Turkish PM (1971-2) Ismail Nihat Erim (b. 1912) is assassinated in Istanbul by two gunmen of the militant Dev Sol (Rev. Left) group. On July 19 New York City real estate magnate Donald Trump saves sick Orthodox Jewish child Andrew (Avraham Moshe) Ten (1985-) by sending his private jet to take him from LAX to LaGuardia Airport after commercial airplanes refuse to transport him with his life-support system. On July 21 Mary Eugenia Charles (1919-2005) becomes PM of Dominica (first female) (until June 14, 1995). On July 22 in Bethesda, Md. David Theodore Belfield (1950-), who converted to Islam and changed his name to Dawud Salahuddin disguises himself as a postal carrier and murders Ali Akbar Tabatabai (b. 1930), a former Iranian official and critic of Ayatollah Khomeini, then escapes to Iran via Canada, going on to brag about it and claim that he was paid $5K. On July 27 (Day 267 of the Iranian hostage crisis) deposed Iranian shah (1941-79) Mohammed Reza Pahlavi II (b. 1919) croaks in a military hospital near Cairo of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; a state funeral is held in Cairo on July 29; the Pahlevy Dynasty in Iran (1921-79) ends; on July 20 his exiled eldest son Cyrus Reza Pahlavi (1960-) proclaims himself the rightful successor to the Peacock Throne of Iran, attempting to revive the dynasty; on Nov. 4, 2011 his youngest son Alireza Pahlavi (b. 1966) commits suicide in Boston, Mass. On July 27 after watching a CBS-TV special with Dan Rather in a stripper-filled hot tub at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas, and hearing that Soviet troops have been booby-trapping children's toys with explosives in Afghanistan (and worrying about the Soviet Union gaining access to the Persian Gulf), well-positioned Trinity, Tex.-born U.S. rep. (D-Tex.) (1973-97) Charles Nesbitt "Charlie" Wilson (1933-2010), member of the House Appropriations Committee (a womanizing boozer AKA Good Time Charlie, whose all-female staff is called Charlie's Angels) gets religion, visits refugee camps in Pakistan in fall 1982, survives a federal investigation into cocaine drug use in summer 1983, and with the help of Houston, Tex. lobbyist Joanne King Herring (1929-) (Zsa-Zsa Gabor lookalike?) and U.S. rep. (D-Md.) (1963-85) Clarence Dickinson "Doc" Long (1908-94), chmn. of the Subcommittee on Foreign Operations of the House Appropriations Committee begins pumping up funding for the CIA operation in Afghanistan, starting with $40M in 1983, fighting CIA reluctance to get the U.S. into a war with the Soviets and going on to funnel $1B into the mujahideen war against the Soviets, assisted by Swiss-born neocon U.S. under-secy. of defense for policy (1981-88) Fred Charles (Fritz Karl) Ikle (Iklé) (1924-2011) in getting Pres. Reagan on Feb. 18, 1986 to overrule the CIA and Joint Chiefs of Staff and order the release 35-lb. shoulder-mounted heat-seeking Raytheon FIM-92 Stinger missiles to shoot down Soviet Mi-24 Hind helis to mujahideen leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (1947-), 1977 founder of the Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (HIG), and issuing the soundbyte: "The U.S. had nothing whatsoever to do with these people's decision to fight... but we'll be damned by history if we let them fight with stones"; on Sept. 26, 1986 the first three Hinds are shot down, and the Stingers turn the tide, causing the helis to have to raise their ceiling, and after 100+ helis are shot down the Soviets finally pull out on Feb. 15, 1989 after 10 years; too bad, the U.S. leaves the devastated Afghanis unsupported with economic or military aid, causing the Muslim fundamentalists to take over, later using the training and weapons against the U.S., causing Charlie to issue the soundbyte "These things happened and they were glorious, but we fucked up the endgame"; Hekmatyar goes on to become PM of Afghanistan in 1993-4 and 1996, then after aiding al-Qaida he is designated an internat. terrorist on Feb. 19, 2003 by the U.S. State Dept. On July 30 the Israeli Knesset passes the Basic Law for Jerusalem, declaring it Israel's "eternal and indivisible capital"; on Aug. 20 the U.N. Security Council votes 14-0-1 (the U.S. abstaining) for Resolution 478, which declares it a violation of internat. law that is "null and void" and "must be rescinded", and calls for member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from the city, causing many to relocate to greater Tel Aviv, and others to the Jerusalem suburb of Mevaseret Zion, located on a mountain ridge 10 km. away straddling the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway. On July 30 the Repub. of Vanuatu ("land, home") (formerly New Hebrides) (modern-day pop. 270K) gains independence from joint British-French rule (since Nov. 16, 1887); next July 8 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 489 to admit Vanuatu. On July 31 the top 1970s band The Eagles go through the "Long Night at Wrong Beach" in Long Beach, Calif., after which they break up. On July 31-Aug. 11 Category 5 (190 mph) Hurricane Allen (strongest since Hurricane Camille in 1969) starts in Cape Verde, batters the S peninsula of Haiti on Aug. 5, killing 200, then goes on to hit Brownsville, Tex. as a Category 3 storm on Aug. 10, causing $2.6B in damage, becoming the worst hurricane of the year and 5th worse Atlantic hurricane since the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane. In July British Airways (founded Mar. 31, 1974) is privatized. On Aug. 2 a right-wing neo-Fascist bomb attack on a restaurant in the train station in Bologna, Italy kills 86 and wounds 200, signaling a return to terrorism after a decade. On Aug. 11-14 incumbents Pres. Jimmy Carter and Vice-Pres. Walter Mondale are renominated at the 1980 Dem. Nat. Convention in Madison Square Garden in New York City; on Aug. 12 defeated Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (1932-2009) delivers an address, with the soundbytes: "We must not permit the Republicans to seize and run on the slogans of prosperity. We heard the orators at their convention all trying to talk like Democrats. They proved that even Republican nominees can quote Franklin Roosevelt to their own purpose"; "We are the Party. We are the Party of the New Freedom, the New Deal, and the New Frontier. We have always been the party of hope"; on the final night Kennedy snubs Carter on the platform; too bad, Carter attacks Reagan as a racist, which badly backfires. On Aug. 14 in protest of the dismissal of forklift operator Anna Walentynowicz (1929-2010) for collecting the remains of candles from local graves to make new ones in memorial to workers shot in the 1970 food riots, 17K Polish workers led by electrician Lech Walesa (1943-) begin a 17-day strike at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk, spreading to 350K workers who demand the right to unionize, paralyzing the Baltic coast; on Aug. 31 the Gdansk Agreement is signed in Gdansk by Polish United Workers' Party first secy. Edward Gierek, ending the strike, and the Polish Solidarity labor movement is born in Gdansk, officially forming on Sept. 17 with 10M members, becoming the first labor union in a Soviet bloc country, causing the Soviets to position 55 divs. on the Polish frontier, and Gierek to be replaced on Sept. 6 by Stanislaw Kania (1927-) (until Oct. 18). On Aug. 16 the first free Monsters of Rock Festival is held in Castle Donington, Leicestershire, England, with 35K in attendance to watch Rainbow (from the U.K.), Judas Priest (from the U.K.), Scorpions (from Germany), Saxon (from the U.K.), April Wine (from Canada), Riot (from New York City), and Touch (from New York City); after peaking at 100K attendance in 1988, it is canceled in 1997. A dingo ayt my bye-bee? On Aug. 17 (night) Seventh Day Adventist pastor's wife Alice Lynne "Lindy" Chamberlain (1948-) sees her 9-week-old daughter Azaria Chamberlain disappear in a dingo's mouth in Ayers Rock (Ularu), Australia, but authorities don't believe her, and on Oct. 29, 1982 she is railroaded into a murder conviction, which is quashed as a miscarriage of justice in 1988 after new evidence and unsuccessful appeals. On Aug. 19 Saudi Arabian Flight 163 (L-1011) makes a fiery emergency landing at Riyadh airport after takeoff after a Pakistani Muslim pilgrim's butane gas stove catches fire, killing all 301 passengers and crew. On Aug. 19 (4:30 a.m.) the Otloczyn Railway Accident near Otloczyn in Poland sees a freight train collide with a crowded passenger train, killing 67 ad injuring 62, becoming the biggest Polish railway accident since WWII. In Aug. the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong N of Hong Kong is designated as Communist China's first Special Economic Zone. In Aug. Iraq and Syria break diplomatic ties after Damascus sides with Iran in their long-standing dispute over the Shatt-al-Arab waterway between Iraq and Iran - silted up with acres of Arab what? In Aug. Ronald Reagan gives a campaign speech in Salt Lake City, Utah, where he declares "I am a Sagebrush Rebel" going on to fight federal control of wilderness areas in favor of state and private control. On Sept. 1 E.I. du Pont buys Conoco (Continental Oil Co.) for Ł6.8B. On Sept. 2 pan-Arabist Muammar al-Gaddafi of Libya and Hafez Assad of Syria announce an agreement to merge their countries, but the deal later falls apart - thufferin' thuccotath? On Sept. 10 Zhao Ziyang (1919-2005) becomes PM #3 of Communist China (until Nov. 24, 1987). On Sept. 11 Cuban diplomat Felix Garcia-Rodriguez is assassinated on a New York City street by the anti-Communist Omega Seven group. On Sept. 12 after inflation, unemployment, strikes, and terrorism, the 1980 Turkish Coup sees the military let the Soviet-backed left-wing and U.S.-backed right-wing chew each other up then move in to look like heroes; its leader, come-on-get-happy gen. Ahmet Kenan Evren (1917-) becomes pres. #7 of Turkey (until Nov. 9, 1989) (last born under the Ottoman Empire), going on to suspend civil and human rights and abolish political parties in the name of law and order while claiming to admire secularist Kemal Ataturk to keep them happy, but actually taking steps to depoliticize the youth to keep things stable for the entire decade, starting with executions of many leading activists; Suleyman Demirel is banned from politics for three years; retired Adm. Saim Bulend (Bülend) Ulusu (1923-) becomes PM #44 (until Dec. 13, 1983); after the coup Diyarbakir Prison in Diyarbakir, SE Turkey is founded, becoming known as "the Hell of Diyarbakir", with systematic torture killing 34 prisoners in 1981-4, mainly Kurds. On Sept. 13 a Delta Air Lines flight from New Orleans, La. to Atlanta, Ga. is hijacked to Cuba, and the plane reaches Atlanta after the hijackers exit, becoming the first U.S.-to-Cuba hijacking since Dec. 14, 1974. On Sept. 13 outed Elton John finally comes out of his shell and gives a free concert to 400K in New York City's Central Park near the Dakota, where his friend John Lennon is murdered 3 mo. later. On Sept. 13 the syndicated U.S. TV series Solid Gold debuts (until July 23, 1988), hosted by Dionne Warwick, followed by Marilyn McCoo, Andy Gibb, Rex Smith, Rick Dees, Arsenio Hall, and Nina Blackwood, featuring the Solid Gold Dancers, incl. Darcel Wynne (1951-), Tony Fields (1958-95) et al. On Sept. 15-19 Shogun, based on the 1975 James Clavell novel airs on NBC-TV, starring Richard Chamberlain as Dutch pilot John Blackthorne of the Dutch ship Erasmus, which shipwrecks in the Japans, causing him to end up working as a samurai for Lord Toranaga (Toshiro Mifune). On Sept. 17 exiled Nicaraguan dictator (1967-79) Anastasio Somoza Debayle (b. 1925) is assassinated in his chauffered Mercedes-Benz in Asuncion, Paraguay by a commando team led by Argentine Communist guerrilla leader Enrique Haroldo Gorriaran (Gorriarán) Merlo (1941-2006), who use a double tap from a bazooka at close range; his son Anastasio Somoza Portocarrera (1951-) flees to exile in Guatemala. On Sept. 20 Whole Foods Market is founded in Austin, Tex. by John Mackey (1953-) et al. with $45K to sell organic food, growing to 479 stores and 91K employees by 2018; on Aug. 28, 2017 it merges with Amazon.com. On Sept. 21 millionaire heiress Martha Sharp Crawford "Sunny" von Bulow (Bülow) (1932-2008) goes into a "vegetative state" (lifetime coma) under suspicious circumstances; her Danish-born British aristocrat New York financial consultant hubby (since 1966) Claus von Bulow (Bülow) (1926-) is suspected of giving her an insulin OD, and after a black bag containing hypo needles is found in his closet by a maid who testifies that she observed him idly watch his wife go into shock, on Mar. 16, 1982 he is found guilty of attempted murder, and on May 7, 1982 sentenced to 30 years, losing out on a $14M tax-free inheritance; after hiring suprisingly affordable Jewish Harvard law prof. Alan Morton Dershowitz (1938-), he gets the conviction reversed in 1984, then is found not guilty of all charges in a 2nd trial on June 10, 1985 - whadya waiting for, call 1-800-HI-PRICE-ATTY? On Sept. 21 the $750M Hartsfield Internat. Airport in Atlanta, Ga. opens, with 138 passenger gates (vs. 94 at Chicago O'Hare), plus a station for the MARTA rapid transit system that opens in 1985; in 1999 it becomes the world's busiest airport. On Sept. 22 after mos. of border skirmishes, the Iraqi military council orders the army to "deliver its fatal blow on Iranian military targets", and planes bomb 10 Iranian airfields in Khuzistan, after which troops invade W Iran during the night, seizing the oil refinery at Abadan on Sept. 23, all without warning, beginning the 8-year Iran-Iraq (Gulf) War over the Shatt Al-Arab estuary (ends Aug. 1988); after regrouping, the Iranians drive them back to their starting positions by June 1982, turning into WWI-style trench warfare complete with chemical weapons used by Iraq; the Iranians recruit 100K children to use as minesweepers? On Sept. 22 the Battle of Khorramshahr sees the Iraqis siege Khorramshahr in a bloody 34-day battle that causes the city to become known as the City of Blood; on Nov. 10 the Iraqis capture the city after 7K Iraqis and 7K Iranians KIA. On Sept. 22 (Liberation Day) anti-Soviet youth riots in Tallinn, Estonia are ruthlessly suppressed by police. On Sept. 22 John Lennon signs with Geffen Records. On Sept. 22 after the U.S. Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, Ga. report 299 cases (25 fatal) of Toxic Shock Syndrome, 90% associated with menstruation and caused by bacterial infection, and the FDA asks for mandatory labeling of tampon packages to warn of the danger, Procter and Gamble announces that it is withdrawing its tampon Rely, causing the term to enter the public lexicon; after changes in tampon design, the number of cases is reduced to 61 by 1989 - oh, look at my shoes? On Sept. 24 the Prince of Asturias Awards in the science, humanities, and public affairs are founded by Felipe, Prince of Asturias (1968-), son of King Juan Carlos I of Spain. On Sept. 26 the Cuban govt. abruptly closes Mariel Harbor, ending the freedom flotilla of Cuban refugees that began in April. On Sept. 26 a bomb attack at the Munich Oktoberfest in Germany kills 12. On Sept. 28 the 13-part Cosmos series, written and narrated by atheistic it's-all-right-Science-will-explain-everything Brooklyn, N.Y.-born astronomer Carl Edward Sagan (1934-96) debuts on PBS-TV; it is broadcast in 60+ countries to an audience of 400M, becoming the largest PBS audience until Ken Burns' "The Civil War" in 1990; makes the phrase "billions and billions" popular. On Sept. 29 the Washington Post pub. Jimmy's World, about an 8-y.-o. "third-generation heroin addict, a precocious little boy with sandy hair, velvety brown eyes, and needle marks freckling the baby-smooth skin of his thin brown arms" by Janet Leslie Cooke (1954-), which later turns out to be fiction after she is awarded a Pulitzer Prize on Apr. 13, 1981 and fesses up on Apr. 15, returning it and embarrassing her newspaper, who fires her, ending her journalistic career - can I change the category and still keep the prize? On Sept. 30 Iran rejects a truce call from Iraqi Pres. Saddam Hussein, and attacks and damages the Osirak (Osiraq) nuclear reactor (built 1977) 11 mi. SE of Baghdad, after which France repairs it, causing the Israelis to step up plans to finish it off. In Sept. China announces a goal of a pop. limit of 1.2B by 2000, and orders all families of Communist Party officials to limit themselves to one child. In Sept. (Internat. Year of the Child) the U.N. Gen. Assembly holds its Sixth U.N. Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders in Caracas, Venezuela; on Nov. 29, 1985 it adopts the Beijing Rules (Std. Min. Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice), a bill of rights for youthful offenders, mainly drafted in Beijing, China and supported by the U.S. In Sept. German-born Jewish-Am. sex therapist "Dr. Ruth" Westheimer (1928-) debuts her radio show "Sexually Speaking" in New York City (until 1988), taking callers and dispensing frank advice, launching her career. On Oct. 1 AP announces that the London Evening News will close and merge with the London Evening Standard (founded May 21, 1827), becoming the #1 evening paper for the London area; in Oct. 2009 it becomes free, doubling circ. On Oct. 2 U.S. Rep. (D-Penn.) (since 1976) Michael Joseph "Ozzie" Myers (1943-) becomes the first U.S. rep. expelled in 100+ years after the Abscam sting operation catches him in a political no-no taking B-money. On Oct. 3 Pres. Carter signs the 1980 U.S. Higher Education Reauthorization Act, allowing parents to borrow up to $3K per year per student at 9% interest in addition to the $2.5K that students can borrow on their own; the avg. college education costs $3.5K at state univs. and $7.5K at private univs., incl. $9.1K at Harvard and Yale; federal aid to students this year is $4.5B (vs. $600M in 1970). On Oct. 3 a synagogue on Rue Copernic in Paris is bombed with a saddlebag motorcycle bomb, killing four and injuring nine, raising fears of resurging anti-Semitism and causing a public procession followed by pres. Giscard d'Estaing launching a campaign against anti-Semitism, banning neo-Nazi meetings and increasing police protection; the perps are not caught until ?. On Oct. 3 a water leak at Consolidated Edison's Indian Point Nuclear Reactor 2 in N.Y., pouring radioactive water into the Hudson River for two weeks until it is noticed, forcing a temp shutdown, causing customers to be charged an extra 10% to pay for $800K a day in extra oil costs. On Oct. 4 all 520 passengers are forced to abandon the Dutch luxury cruise ship Prinsendam 120 mi. S of Yakutat, Alaska in the Gulf of Alaska after it catches fire; no deaths or serious injuries. On Oct. 9 consumer use of home banking by computer begins in Knoxville, Tenn. On Oct. 10 British PM Margaret Thatcher delivers her famous The Lady's Not For Turning Speech, preceded by "To those waiting with bated breath for that favorite media catchphrase, the U-turn, I have only one thing to say." On Oct. 10 82-ft. U.S. Coast Guard cutter Point Francis becomes the first to open fire on a drug-smuggling boat, 50-ft. lobster boat Thomas E, loaded with 12.5 tons of marijuana 150 mi. E of Key West, Fla., firing 55 rounds of .50 cal ammo and disabling it then towing it to Miami, where banks are the largest U.S. users of $100 bills. On Oct. 10 a 7.7 earthquake hits NW Algeria, destroying El Asnam (Orleansville), killing 3.5K, after which the city is rebuilt and renamed to Chlef. On Oct. 13 an unprovoked slaying of six blacks takes place in Buffalo, N.Y. On Oct. 14 Repub. pres. nominee Ronald Reagan promises that if he is elected he will name a woman to the U.S. Supreme Court. On Oct. 14 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Staggers Rail Act, deregulating U.S. railroads and freeing them to set their own prices within certain limits, but fails to stop their contraction, going from 39 Class I railroads (earning more than $50M a year) this year to nine in 2000. On Oct. 14 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Federal Privacy Protection Act of 1980, forbidding unannounced searches of newsrooms except in narrowly-defined circumstances, and requiring authorities to request voluntary compliance or to use subpoenas instead of search warrants when seeking materials from reporters to be used as evidence. On Oct. 14-21 the Philadelphia Phillies (NL) defeat the Kansas City Royals (AL) 4-2 to win the Seventy-Seventh (77th) World Series; the Phillies become the last of the original AL and NL franchises to win the WS, and don't win again until ?; Game 6 ends with relief pitcher Frank Edwin "Tug" McGraw Jr. (1944-2004) of the Phillies (father of country singer Tim McGraw (1967-), who coined the motto "Ya Gotta Believe" in the 1973 New York Mets' WS run) striking out Willie James Wilson (1955-), his 12th strikeout in the series. On Oct. 15 James Callaghan resigns as leader of the British Labour Party. On Oct. 15 after July-Aug. secret meetings at the Ritz Hotel in Madrid between William Casey and other reps of Reagan's campaign and Iranian reps to delay the release of the Am. hostages until after the Nov. elections, with Reagan allegedly calling Ayatollah Khomeini on the phone to cinch it, the October Surprise sees high-level Iranian and Israeli reps meet with reps of both the Bush and Reagan campaigns in Paris, with William Casey as a "key participant"; on Oct. 21 Iran suddenly shifts its position in secret negotiations with the Carter admin., disclaiming further interest in receiving military equipment; on Oct. 21-23 Israel secretly ships F-4 fighter tires to Iran in violation of the U.S. arms embargo, and Iran disperses the hostages to make rescue harder; as part of the October Surprise, chief of French intelligence Count Alexandre de Marenches (1921-95) (founder of the Safari Club) sets up meetings between Repub. campaign chief William Casey and Iranian officials in Paris. On Oct. 15 radical terrorist James Hoskins breaks into WCPO-TV in Cincinnati, Ohio and holds nine hostages for several hours before releasing them and committing suicide. On Oct. 17 Mt. St. Helens erupts three more times in 24 hours; the eruptions had begun on May 18. On Oct. 18 the Australian govt. of PM (1975-83) Malcolm Fraser is reelected for the 3rd straight time, with a reduced majority. On Oct. 19 the British govt. announces its intention of privatizing the oil and gas industry, with energy secy. Nigel Lawson calling it the "biggest program of privatization ever to come before Parliament"; British Nat. Oil Corp. is sold for Ł720M. On Oct. 20 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in Jarrett v. Jarrettt that a woman doesn't forfeit custody of her children by fornicating with a live-in boyfriend, like 1.1M others in the U.S., 25% of their households having children; a survey of 106K women by Cosmopolitan mag. finds that 41% of married women have had extramarital affairs, up from 8% in 1948 - it seems you have us outnumbered, but I'm holding your gun? On Oct. 21 pres. (since Dec. 17, 1974) Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) issues a new constitution for Chile that allows him to stay in power for another eight years; he is sworn-in next Mar. 11 On Oct. 23 the resignation of Soviet PM (since 1964) Alexei N. Kosygin (b. 1902) is announced; on Dec. 18 he dies of a heart attack, and a state funeral is held for him in Moscow on Dec. 23. On Oct. 24 the merchant freighter SS Poet departs Philadelphia, Penn. bound for Port Said, Egypt with a crew of 34 and a cargo of grain; it is poetically never heard from again - they should have taken a Toyota (a smart way to keep moving forward)? On Oct. 24 the Polish govt. legalizes the independent labor union Solidarity. On Oct. 25 Shafik Wazzan (1925-99) becomes a compromise PM of Lebanon (until 1984), ending 137 days without a govt. On Oct. 25 the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of Internat. Child Abduction concludes with a method of quickly returning a child from one member country to another, effective Dec. 1, 1983. On Oct. 27 six Provisional IRA prisoners go on a hunger strike in Maze Prison, which lasts until Dec. On Oct. 28 Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan participate in a nationally broadcast 90-min. debate in Cleveland, Ohio, their last, with Reagan stealing the show with the question: "Next Tuesday all of you will go to the polls, will stand there in the polling place and make a decision. I think when you make that decision, it might be well if you would ask yourself, are you better off than you were four years ago?" - bam! 489 to 49? On Oct. 30 Gen. Policarpo Paz Garcia of Honduras signs a peace treaty with El Savador over their 1969 Football War border dispute. On Oct. 30 3K-sq.-mi. self-governing (since 1972) Ciskei ("this side of the Kei River") in SE Africa S of the Great Kei River (pop. 1M) adopts a constitution, followed by independence ceremonies on Dec. 4, becoming the 2nd Bantustan (homeland) for Xhosa-speaking people after Transkei (1976); capital is at Bisho (Bhisho); Lennox Leslie Wongamu Sebe (1926-94) becomes pres. #1 (until 1990); like with Transkei, only South Africa recognizes the new state which it surrounds and acts as Great White Father to. On Oct. 30 13-y.-o. Mohammed Hossein Fahmideh (b. 1967) crawls beneath a tank and explodes a grenade, becoming a martyr, causing Ayatollah Khomeini to dedicate a special monument, while thousands of children are recruited as suicide bombers. On Oct. 31 first-class rail service between London and Brussels/Paris ends. In Oct. Bridge Day begins in West Va. when parachutists begin jumping from the 876-ft. New River Gorge Bridge over the New River. In Oct. Hambrecht & Quist take Apple Corp. and Genentech Corp public. In Oct. in Turkey Erbakan and 21 Nat. Salvation officials are imprisoned on charges of acting against secularism, then released one year later. In Oct. the Socialist 1980 Guyanan Constitution is promulgated, reaffirming its status as a member of the British Commonwealth, with a 65-member unicameral nat. assembly, 53 of them elected, and a pres. with a 5-year term; on Dec. 15 PM (since 1964) Forbes Burnham (1923-85) is elected pres. #3 (until Aug. 6, 1985); on Dec. 19 a 10-member internat. observer team calls the election "fradulent in every possible respect", with the opposition People's Progressive Party led by Cheddi Jang receiving only 20% of the vote vs. 76% for him after falsified voter lists, banned opposition party meetings, and beating of opposition party members. On Nov. 1 after a campaign marked by violence and 800 deaths, Edward Philip George Seaga (1930-) (of Scottish-Lebanese descent) of the conservative Jamaica Labour Party defeats Michael Manley of the mildly socialist People's Nat. Party to become PM #5 of Jamaica (until Feb. 10, 1989), after which the violence continues until the May 11, 1981 death of Bob Marley (b. 1945). On Nov. 2 a rally for Ronald Reagan in Jackson, Miss. is stunk up by Repub. Rep. (1973-89) Chester Trent Lott Sr. (1941-), who says that if segregationist Sen. Strom Thurmond (R-S.C.) (who just spoke) had been elected U.S. pres. in 1948, "We wouldn't be in the mess we are in today"; he was talking about smaller govt. not segregation?; Lott becomes U.S. Sen. from Miss. on Jan. 3, 1989; too bad, after making similar comments about Thurmond on Dec. 20, 2002, the heat makes him resign as Senate minority leader, although he stays in the Senate until Dec. 18, 2007. Rock River flows for you, Mr. President? On Nov. 4 the 1980 U.S. Pres. Election sees Repubs. Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) of Calif. and George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-2018) of Tex. defeat Dems. Jimmy Carter and Walter F. Mondale after the Iran Hostage Crisis and the misery index are blamed on the Dems.; 52.8% of the electorate votes for pres., and Reagan receives 43.9M popular votes (50.7%) and 489 electoral votes (44 states) to Carter's 35.5M popular votes (41.0%) and 49 electoral votes; 3rd-party candidate, Repub. Ill. Rep. (1961-81) John Bayard Anderson (1922-2017) of Ill., running on the Nat. Unity ticket receives 5.7M popular votes (6.6%); at 69 Reagan is the oldest pres. elected so far (until ?); English-born Am. socialite Pamela Churchill (Beryl) Harriman (1920-97), wife of former N.Y. gov. and diplomat W. Averell Harriman and ex-wife of Winston Churchill's son Randolph Churchill founds Dems. for the 90s (PAMPAC) to oppose Reagan's policies and raise money for Dem. candidates. On Nov. 7 ultra-cool film actor Steve McQueen (b. 1930) dies in Juarez, Mexico at age 50 of throat cancer from chain-smoking cig cig cigarettes while attempting bootleg treatments - he's so handsome it's a blessing he died young? On Nov. 9 Iraqi Sunni Muslim Pres. Saddam Hussein declares holy war (jihad) against Shiite Muslim Iran - he plays the Allah card? On Nov. 10 CBS journalist Dan Rather (1931-) refuses to pay his cabbie in Chicago, claiming he wouldn't go where he told him and kidnapped him, and is charged with disorderly conduct; CBS-TV ends up paying the $12.55 fare. On Nov. 11 a bus and two trucks collide near Beni Suef, Egypt, plunging into an irrigation canal and killing 30 and injuring 30. On Nov. 11 the sitcom Too Close for Comfort, based on the British sitcom "Keep It in the Family" debuts on ABC-TV for ? episodes (until Sept. 1986), starring Ted Knight (1923-86) as conservative "Cosmic Cow" cartoonist and amateur ventriloquist Henry Rush, who likes to wear different college sweatshirts, Nancy Dussault (1936-) as his freelance photographer wife Muriel Rush, Deborah Gaye Van Valkenburgh (1952-) as their daughter Jackie Rush, Lydia Cornell (1962-) as their other daughter Sara Rush, and Jm (Jim) J. Bullock (1955-) as Sara's beau Monroe Ficus. On Nov. 12 NYC mayor Ed Koch admits to trying marijuana. On Nov. 12 NASA's Voyager 1 (launched Sept. 1977) comes within 77K mi. of Saturn and sends back its first pictures of the ringed planet with 1.5K+ rings plus 27 moons, all named after chars. from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. On Nov. 14 a coup in Guinea-Bissau in W Africa led by PM (since Sept. 28, 1978) Joao Bernardo "Nino" Vieira (1939-2009) deposes pres. (since 1974) Luis Cabral; he becomes pres. until May 7, 1999, followed by Oct. 1, 2005 to Mar. 2, 2009, describing himself as "God's gift to Guinnea-Bissau" until he is assassinated. On Nov. 17 WHHM-TV in Washington, D.C. becomes the first African-Am. public broadcasting TV station. On Nov. 18 Barbara Mandrell and the Mandrell Sisters debuts on NBC-TV for 35 episodes (until 1982), featuring Houston, Tex.-born Barbara Ann Mandrell (1948-) and her sisters Thelma Louise Mandrell (1954-) and Ellen Irlene Mandrell (1956-); despite good ratings, the show is discontinued because Barbara suffers from exhaustion. On Nov. 19 CBS-TV rejects a Calvin Klein Jeans Ad Featuring Brooke Shields, where she utters the soundbyte "You know what comes between me and my Calvins? Nothing." On Nov. 19 Applebee's casual dining restaurants are founded in Decatur, Ga. by Bill Palmer and T.J. Palmer, growing to 1,936 restaurants in 16 countries; the signature dish is riblets; on Nov. 29, 2007 IHOP announces a $2B purchase; ad slogans incl. "Together is good", "Get it together, baby", "It's a whole new neighborhood", and "Eatin' Good in the Neighborhood". On Nov. 20 United Artists withdraws the $44M bomb movie Heaven's Gate for reediting after two days in release. On Nov. 20 in China the nationally-televised trial of the Gang of Four (scapegoats for the 1966-1976 Cultural Rev.) begins; they are convicted and sentenced. On Nov. 20 a Texaco oil rig breaks through to a mine under Lake Peigneur. On Nov. 21 (dawn) a 2-hour fire at the 26-story 2,076-room MGM Grand Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nev. (built in 1973 under safety codes that don't require smoke alarms) traps 3.5K and kills 85 and injures 500 after 1K+ are helicoptered from the roof, becoming the worst U.S. hotel fire since the 1946 Winecoff Hotel fire in Atlanta, Ga. that killed 119. On Nov. 21 an estimated 83M TV viewers (53.3 rating, 76% share) (highest rated TV episode in U.S. history until M*A*S*H in Feb. 1983) tune in to the CBS-TV prime-time soap opera Dallas ("Who Done It?) to find out who shot J.R.; it turns out to be vixen Kristin Shepard, played by Mary Frances Crosby (1959-), daughter of Bing Crosby and 2nd wife Kathryn Grant - did John Hinckley watch? On Nov. 22 the tanker Georgia spills 1.3M gal. of oil at Pilottown, La. after an anchor chain causes the ship to leak. On Nov. 22 18 Communist Party secys. in 49 provinces are ousted in Poland, incl. Communist boss (since 1970) Edward Gierek. On Nov. 23 a 7.2 earthquake hits S Italy, killing 4.8K and leaving 300K homeless. On Nov. 25 a bloodless coup in Upper Volta places pres. #2 (since Jan. 3, 1966) Aboubakar Sangoule (Sangoulé) Lamizana (1916-2005) under house arrest, and Col. Saye Zerbo (1932-) takes charge as the pres. of the Military Committee of Reform for Nat. Progress (until Nov. 7, 1982). On Nov. 25 a Gwalior-Delhi transport bus falls into the Chambal River in Dholpur, Rajasthan, India, killing 40 and injuring 30. On Nov. 27 (Thur.) the half-hour sitcom Bosom Buddies debuts on ABC-TV for 37 episodes (until May 27, 1982), starring Thomas Jeffrey "Tom" Hanks (1956-) and Peter Scolari (1955-) as young advertising employees Kip Wilson and Henry Desmond, who dress in drag as Buffy and Hildegard in order to share an apt. in the dirt-cheap women-only Susan B. Anthony Hotel. On Nov. 30 the Uruguayan military holds a plebiscite to approve a new constitution giving them more power in a "restricted democracy", but it is rejected by 57%, after which pres. (1976-81) gen. Aparicio Mendez (Méndez) Manfredini (1904-88) is ousted next Sept. 1. In Nov. the Church of England adopts the Alternative Service Book as an alternative the 1549 Book of Common Prayer; it changes "Our Father, which art in Heaven, hallowed be thy name" to "Our Father in Heaven, hallowed be your name" etc.; in 2000 it is replaced by Common Worship. On Dec. 1 the U.S. Justice Dept sues Yonkers, N.Y. for racial discrimination and intentional housing segregation, and wins in 1984. On Dec. 1 (Mon.) the advertisement-free Bravo cable channel debuts, owned by NBC Universal, becoming the first devoted to film, drama, and the performing arts; in the early 2000s it switches to celebrity coverage, reality and fashion shows, etc. What do you have stamped on your forehead, the word Dopeface? The biggest business swindle of the century, or, every fortune has a crime behind it, or, Big Think IBM is out-IBMed and all's fair in love and war? On Dec. 1, 1980 after IBM employee William C. Lowe (1941-2013) convinces CEO Frank Cary to assemble the "dirty dozen" to build it, IBM delivers its first prototype PC, the IBM Model 5150 PC to its Seattle, Wash.-born Harvard-dropout designer William Henry "Bill" Gates III (1955-), owner of Monopolysoft, er, Microsoft, who got their foot in the door via his mother Mary Maxwell Gates (1929-94), first woman chmn. of United Way, who talked fellow board member John Roberts Opel (1925-2011) into giving him a sweetheart contract allowing Microsoft to retain all rights to its software, after which Bill talked the IBM lamers in Raton, Fla. into not patenting the design (based on Intel microprocessor chips), but instead to pitch it as an "open architecture" so that add-on hardware cos. will be attracted to it and hopefully every home and office in the world will end up with one one day; it is featured on the cover of issue #1 of PC Magazine; one little problemo, no operating system, and although he plans to supply his rinky-dink BASIC interpreters for it, Gates has never written a line of operating system code, so to make the deal go he does what he doesn't like and tells the IBM execs about competitor Gary Kildall (1942-94) of Digital Research, developer of the popular CP/M operating system for microprocessors, who has a Ph.D in computer science (vs. Gates, who is a college dropout), and owns all rights to his software; too bad, Killall, er, Kildall screws up his deal-of-the-century with them, allegedly standing up its reps to go flying, but not really, he just doesn't understand that Jaws is in the water nearby, and he has no lawyer daddy to help guide him through negotations, and is too easygoing and honest to believe he would be stolen blind, settling for an easygoing handshake deal and totally failing to see that just about everybody in the world will indeed end up having a PC one day; too bad, Big Blue IBM is also outfoxed for failing to see that mainframes (their main biz) are going to be made obsolete by PCS, and that opening the architecture will help their sales only at first, after which IBM PC clone manufacturers will move in like a school of sharks, creating a feeding frenzy and driving the margins down until only low-paid Third World workers will be making them, forcing high-price IBM out of the PC biz, while all PCs will have to host the operating system software, which thanks to internat. copyright laws can be squeezed for exorbitant profits forever, since it's just ones and zeroes and virtually all profit, and application software depends on it, making a new operating system design almost impossible; hearing that Kildall didn't shut him down with ironclad legal agreements in triplicate, on July 27, 1981 Jaws Gates takes his main chance and purchases the 4K-line QDOS (Quick and Dirty) Operating System (AKA 86-DOS) from software pirate, er, developer Tim Paterson (1956-) of nearby Seattle Computer Products (who reverse-engineered Kildall's software) for $25K, then changes a few lines of code, renames it to PC-DOS and MS-DOS, and tenaciously sucks the chrome, er, courts IBM via his board member mother until they sign an ironclad deal to market it with their PCs, after which IBM introduces the IBM PC on Aug. 12, 1981; poor Kildall doesn't figure it out for a year, by which time he's locked out, and then he proves he's no Bill Gates by not immediately going to court to sue for trade secret and copyright infringement and owning Microsoft, instead accepting a deal to market his operating system in parallel with Microsoft's, at an unaffordable price which nobody wants, letting Gates walk away with the store and get rich on his work while the judge wonders when he's going to get a case and never does; later, as Microsoft's Magic Carpet takes off without him and flies to the highest heavens, Kildall becomes a bitter alcoholic and suffers an early death; meanwhile stingy zillionaire-in-the-making Gates jealously guards his magic carpet, using the endless bucks coming in to hire programmers right out of college to pump-up "his" code to millions of lines and forcing PC customers to buy endless upgrades and new versions, while hiring a large legal staff to zealously guard his copyright and trade secret rights in the fear that yet others will clone his software and undercut him; he never actually sells software, only licenses it to end-users to use on one PC at a time, with the right only to make a single backup copy, thanks daddy you're a great lawyer?; of course, IBM blows it even worse, since they could have cloned the software themselves and done it all in-house, but they're too honest to be accused of stealing?; Microsoft later pays Seattle Computer Products $925K to settle out of court for the Deal of the Century, and bows to U.S. Dept. of Justice pressure by making its license non-exclusive to allow for DOS clones, which they make hard to create by constantly revising the software in endless versions; meanwhile closes-his-eyes-while-shaving Gates doesn't offer Kildall even a tiny piece of his action, or admit that he's made enough and release the source code to the public to allow the millions of eager programmers out there to take it over and make it free, so the next Rockefeller is born, calling himself the world's greatest genius; within years Gates goes public and now it would be a crime to give away the corporation's magic carpet ride as a betrayal of the stockholders, and Microsoft wouldn't even want to hire Kildall as a consultant because the industry has moved on and Kildall is considered obsolete?; hooray for Capitalism, the good guy lost?; but we're not done; now Monopoly Soft Gates invites potential software competitors to create and market application software for the IBM PC, pretending not to be in that business, even selling them the support software (assemblers and compilers, so all the application software will say Microsoft Inside), while insuring that only his software is preinstalled before a customer gets the PC, while competitive application software is forced into an aftermarket, which is subject to massive illegal copying, allowing him to eventually buy them out, repackage their software work as his own, and have it preinstalled too, creating a total software monopoly, meanwhile busily sending legions of lawyers out to pressure software dealers into agreeing only to preinstall their cruddy software in case application developers get ideas, while he fools the govt. into not intervening because it looks like everybody is free to create superior software, even though in the face of the rigged game he's set up they can't give away, until they go bust, give up and sell out to him; the fact that consumers are mainly computer illiterate makes it super-easy to push inferior Microsoft weeny-written software on them and keeps them immune to technical reviews that try to tell the customers what is best, when the dopes see the Microsoft logo every time they boot their PCs up, so they can't say no to Big Brother? - looking back on it, TLW coulda reverse-engineered MS-DOS and given it to the public for free, so sue me, but so could have a lot of people, and now it's too late, call 1-800-software-steamer? The real question is: if the Jews run the world what did they have to do with this, other than when it went public and absorbed it into their worldwide monetary system? What if Gates had been a neo-Nazi? On Dec. 1 the Right Livelihood Award (AKA the Alternative Nobel Prize) is founded in Sweden by Jakob von Uexkill to honor those "working on practical and exemplary solutions to the most urgent challenges facing the world today"; usually four winners are selected simultaneously, splitting a 150K Euro award; the first awards go to Egyptian adobe architect Hassan Fathy (1900-89), Plenty Internat., and its hippie founder Stephen Gaskin (1935-). On Dec. 2 three Am. Roman Catholic nuns and Am. lay missionary Jean Donovan (b. 1953) are ambushed, raped, and murdered in El Salvador by five Salvadoran guardsmen in a death squad; a coverup follows, and gen. outrage causes the Carter admin. to suspend all aid pending an investigation. On Dec. 2 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Alaska Nat. Interest Lands Conservation Act, setting aside 79.53M acres of public lands, and establishing Denali Nat. Park and Preserve (formerly Mt. McKinley Nat. Park) and 14 other nat. parks; Denali means "great one" in Athabaskan. On Dec. 2 Lyndon LaRouche's Executive Intelligence Review pub. an article alleging the October Surprise, an allged conspiracy by the campaign staff of candidate Ronald Reagn with the Iranian govt. to delay release of the 52 Am. hostages until he wins the election in exchange for a promise of future weapons sales. On Dec. 3 U. of Chicago J.D. (1967) Bernadine Rae Dohrn (1942-), a former leader of the radical Weather Underground surrenders to authorities in Chicago after more than a decade as a fugitive (since 1970), uttering the soundbyte: "I regret not at all my efforts to side with the forces of revolution... The nature of the system has not changed... The system of violence and degradation against women is openly encouraged"; after serving less than a year in jail, she ends up becoming a law prof. at Northwestern U. in Chicago, with connections to future U.S. pres. Barack Obama through hubby Bill Ayers - why doesn't she go after the Muslim World? On Dec. 4 (10:20 a.m.) a fire on the top floor of the 365-room Stouffer's Inn of Westchester in Purchase, N.Y. kills 26 and injures 40, mostly high-level execs of Arrow Electronics Inc, #2 U.S. electronics distributor, which pays $5.5M in survivor and other benefits; after Guatemalan busboy Luis Marin is convicted on Apr. 11, 1982 of starting the fire with Sterno, and the judge reverses the conviction, it is revealed in June 1984 that a housekeeping crew spilled a highly volatile stainless steel cleaner that caused it, and the mgt. covered it up, after which Stouffer's pays $48.5M to the survivors' families. On Dec. 8, 1980 (5:00 p.m.) Rolling Stone chief photographer (1973-83) Anna-Lou "Annie" Leibovitz (1949-) takes the famous photo of naked John Lennon and clothed Yoko Ono smooching on the floor, becoming the first photographer to professionally shoot Lennon, and the last when he is shot and killed five hours later; she goes on to work for Vanity Fair mag. That really chaps my hide, or, the Day the Music Died, or, Imagine there's no John Lennon? On Dec. 8, 1980 (Mon.) (12-8-80) (10:49 p.m.) after a nude photoshoot by Annie Leibovitz of Rolling Stone mag., and a recording session for Yoko Ono's "Walking on Thin Ice", former Beatle John Winston Ono Lennon (b. 1940) is shot 4x in the back, side, and shoulder with a Charter Arms .38 Special Undercover snub-nosed revolver firing five hollow point "dum-dum" bullets, and kills outside the Dakota Apt. Bldg. in New York City's Upper West Side on W 72nd St. (6 blocks from 66th St.) (a reputed home for witches, famous as the setting for "Rosemary's Baby") by deranged eyeglasses-wearing Fort Worth, Tex.-born "Catcher in the Rye"-loving fan and Honolulu security guard Mark David Chapman (1955-), who got his autograph earlier in the day, and stayed on the scene reading his novel, then called out "Mr. Lennon" and drops to a combat stance before firing, and later tells police "I'm sure the large part of me is Holden Caulfield, who is the main person in the book - the small part of me must be the Devil". Lennon is hit in the aorta and collapses to the floor, dropping cassettes of "Walking on Thin Ice", then struggling to the lobby shouting "I'm shot! I'm shot!", and arrives DOA at the hospital, then is pronounced dead at 11:07 p.m. Chapman remains on the scene, letting his smoking gun drop on top of Lennon's bloodstained eyeglasses, and not resisting arrest, telling them "I acted alone" and "Lennon had to die"; future rock star Madonna (1958-), who had just moved to the Big Apple is walking a few blocks away at the time, and joins the crowd outside the Dakota; singer Neil Diamond is also in town for the debut of his movie "The Jazz Singer"; Howard Cosell announces Lennon's death on Monday Night Football during a game between the Miami Dolphins and New England Patriots, with the soundbyte "This, we have to say it, remember this is just a football game, no matter who wins or loses. An unspeakable tragedy, confirmed to us by ABC News in New York City. John Lennon, outside of his apartment building on the West Side of New York City, the most famous, perhaps, of all the Beatles, shot twice in the back, rushed to the Roosevelt Hospital, dead on arrival"; after the usual calls for more gun control laws, Pres. Reagan says they wouldn't have prevented the shooting; on Dec. 14 fans around the world pay tribute to the brainy Beatle in a John Lennon Memorial Service in Central Park across the street from the Dakota, where the Strawberry Fields Memorial (designed by Yoko Ono) is erected, complete with the word "Imagine" (dedicated on Oct. 9, 1985); Fidel Castro commemorates a statue to this "revolutionary hero"; before he dies, John arranges a dog for his 5-y.-o. son Sean Ono Lennon (1975-), which arrives on Dec. 25 and is named "Merry Christmas"; 1 mo. after the murder, Yoko Ono releases Walking on Thin Ice (for John) her first charting single, peaking at #58; Lennon is awarded a posth. album of the year at the 1982 Grammy Awards; Chapman toys with an insanity defense then pleads guilty, and on Aug. 24, 1981 is sentenced to 20-life, ending up in Attica Correctional Facility in Buffalo, N.Y.; the hit was really ordered by the CIA? On Dec. 10 U.S. Rep. (D-S.C.) John Wilson Jenrette Jr. (1936-) resigns to avoid being expelled from the House following his conviction on charges relating to the FBI's Abscam investigation. On Dec. 11 lame duck Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERLA), creating the $1.6B Environmental Superfund to pay for cleaning up chemical spills and toxic waste dumps. On Dec. 11 (Thur.) the TLW-favorite Glen A. Larson and Donald P. Bellisario series Magnum, P.I. debuts on CBS-TV for 154 episodes (until May 1, 1988), complete with its own cool Magnum, P.I. Theme, starring hunky Coors-swigging eternal-boy Detroit-born Tigers fan Thomas William "Tom" Selleck (1945-) as Vietnam Vet Thomas Sullivan Magnum IV, who sponges as a security specialist off the posh 200-acre Robin's Nest estate of mysterious lurid pulp fiction novelist Robin Masters (voiced by Orson Welles) in Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii, which is run by quirky English major domo Jonathan Quayle Higgins III, played by John Benedict Hillerman (1932-2017), who commands Doberman Pinschers Zeus and Apollo, and uses the master's Ferrari 308 GTS as his carrot-stick, while Magnum forever tries to prove that he's the real Robin Masters; Roger Earl Mosley (1938-) plays Vietnam War buddy Theodore Calvin AKA T.C., who runs the Island Hoppers heli business and gives him free rides for his missions while calling Higgins "Higgy Baby"; Lawrence Francis "Larry" Manetti (1943-) plays King Kamehameha Club mgr. Orville Wilbur Richard "Rick" Wright, another Vietnam War vet friend who has a fetish for Humphrey Bogart and maintains connections with local underworld boss Francis "Icepick" Hofstetler, played by Elisha Cook Jr. (1903-95); Jeffery Neill "Jeff" MacKay (1948-) (cousin of Robert Redford) plays Magnum's friend Navy Intel Lt. Mac MacReynolds, who gets killed off and returns as lookalike char. Jim Bonig; William Lance LeGault (Legault) (1935-) plays Magnum's nemesis Marine Corps intel Col. Buck Greene, whose asst. Lt. Maggie Poole, played by Jean Bruce Scott (1956-) sides with Magnum; Gillian Dobb (1929-2001) plays Higgins' ugly but cultured babe Agatha Chumley; Kwan Hi Lim (1931-) plays Honolulu police dept. homicide Lt. Yoshi Tanaka, who likes to impersonate John Wayne; Kathleen Lloyd (1948-) plays Honolulu asst. DA Carol Baldwin; on Nov. 19 a heli crash kills stuntman Robert Vanderkar. On Dec. 12 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Bayh-Dole Patent and Trademark Law Amendment Act (Small Business Patent Procedures Act), sponsored by U.S. Sens. Birch Bayh (D-Ind.) and Bob Dole (R-Kan.), allowing univs. and small businesses to license patents developed with grants from the govt., allowing them to pursue ownership of an invention in preference to the govt., causing technology transfer offices to be set up on U.S. campuses; the new law incl. computer programs - now Gary Kildall finds out? On Dec. 13 moderate civilian Christian Dem. Jose Napoleon Duarte Fuentes (1925-90) is named pres. of El Salvador's new govt. by the governing junta, causing U.S. aid to be resumed; he is sworn-in next June 1 (until June 1, 1989), immediately instituting land reforms, but violence continues. On Dec. 14 after four days of meetings members of NATO warn the Soviets to stay out of the internal affairs of Poland, saying that intervention would effectively destroy East-West detente. On Dec. 15 the Academia de la Llingua Asturiana is founded. On Dec. 16 OPEC holds a summit on the island of Bali and decides to raise oil prices by another 10%. On Dec. 17 the first elections in Uganda since 1952 are a V for former pres. #2 (1966-71) Apolo Milton Obote (1925-2005) of the Uganda Peoples Congress, who becomes pres. #8 of Uganda (until July 27, 1985); too bad, his rival Yoweri Kaguta Musevini (1944-) claims election fraud and next year starts the Ugandan Bush (Luwero) War (ends 1986). On Dec. 18 IRA's Sean McKenna becomes critically ill and ends his hunger strike. On Dec. 19 Iran requests $24B in U.S. guarantees before freeing the sausages, er, hostages. On Dec. 24 Americans remember the U.S. hostages in Iran by burning candles or shining lights for 417 sec., one sec. for each day of captivity - just don't burn any flag-colored candles? On Dec. 28 a Jersey calf lives 222 days with an artificial heart. On Dec. 29 Mexico unilaterally abrogates all fishing treaties with the U.S. after negotiations over tuna fishing rights since 1977 break down. On Dec. 30 The Wonderful World of Disney (Disney's Wonderful World) (debut on Oct. 27, 1954) airs for the last time on NBC-TV; it is picked up by CBS-TV in 1981-3, followed by ABC-TV in 1986-8 as "The Disney Sunday Movie", then back to NBC-TV in 1988-90 as "The Magical World of Disney", then the cable Disney Channel in 1990-6, followed by ABC-TV in 1997 until Dec. 24, 2008 - RIP? On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 963.99, up from 838.74 from the the end of 1979. In Dec. after exporting it for Western currency to pay off its foreign debt, Poland imposes meat rationing for the first time since WWII. In Dec. as part of the nat. drought, the Season of None in Colo. Ski Country is a repeat of 1976-7, closing six of 32 Colo. ski areas in Jan., and causing manmade snow to finally be adopted, ramping up from 435 acres in 1979-80 to 2K acres. In Dec. the Rendlesham Forest Incident in Suffolk, England becomes known as "Britain's Roswell" after UFOs are allegedly seen near two U.S.-run military bases; in 2002 an ex-U.S. security policeman admits that he and another airman had shone patrol car lights and made noises on a loudspeaker as a prank. The U.S. Congress bans offshore drilling in most federally-controlled waters; on Mar. 31, 2010 Pres. Obama lists the ban for 85% of the U.S. coastline. Exiled political leader U Nu returns to Burma. Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino, in jail since 1972 is freed, and heads for exile in the U.S. In Argentina the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo begin marching weekly for justice against military junta officers responsible for thousands of "disappearings" since 1976, white handkerchiefs covering their heads. The Shining Path Maoist guerrilla org. in Peru is founded to create a dictatorship of the proletariat and all that jazz. The Transkei govt. of pres. (1979-86) Kaiser Matanzima (1915-2003) outlaws the opposition Dem. Progressive Party and convicts its leader, Thembu king (since June 30, 1954) Sabata Jonguhlanga Dalindyebo (1928-86) of trumped-up charges, causing him to flee to Zambia and join the ANC, dying in exile in Lusaka. Between 1980-1995 the U.S. prison pop. triples from 0.5M to 1.5M inmates. The 1980 U.S. Refugee Act allows refugees to be admitted for humanitarian reasons, with a cap of 270K total and 20K from any one country; the 1985 ceiling is 70K. In this decade the govt. of Britain begins granting asylum to wanted Islamic terrorists, on the questionable premise that if they are allowed to operate in London they won't want to attack it. In this decade Bulgaria's Communist Party begins the Revival Process to force Muslims to adopt Slavic-sounding names to assimilate them. The U.S. Supreme Court rules ?-? in Stone v. Graham that the posting of the Ten Commandments in public schools is unconstitutional. Benin Marxist dictator (since 1972) Mathieu Kerekou announces his conversion to Islam, but later flops to evangelical Christianity. Future chief justice John Glover Roberts Jr. (b. 1955) becomes law clerk for U.S. Supreme Court Justice William H. Rehnquist (1980-1). Pell Grants ($4K) for college students are named after R.I. Sen. ? Pell. Am. political scientist Bruce Bueno de Mesquita begins using game theory to predict the outcome of "political survival" situations, causing him to be hired by the CIA; in 2009 he predicts that Iran won't build a nuke. The World Wildlife Fund launches a cooperative U.S.-Chinese effort to save the world's pandas, half of which live in zoos and the other half of which live in 12 reserves in S China around X'ian and Chengdu. In this decade fast-food outlets take 22% of restaurant business in France, pissing-off Francophiles. The Fiat Co. in Italy announces 23K layoffs, pissing-off unions, who stage a protest strike in which 40K Fiat workers march through Turin in defiance of union leaders, becoming the first time since 1968 that mgt. wins. In this decade bikinis finally hit the high-fashion catwalks. In Colo. Monte Kim Miller founds Concerned Christians, which preaches against the evils of cults (mainly Mormons) and New Age movements. The 17M-acre Wrangell-St. Elias Nat. Park in Alaska is established, becoming the largest parkland in the U.S., equal to six Yellowstones. The $10B 1,988-mi. Siberian Baikal-Amur Railway (Railroad) from Lake Baikal to the Amur River is begun (opens in 1989). At the start of this decade there are 44K female lawyers in the U.S.; by the end there are 116K. In this decade the Daimler Corp. of Germany becomes the first German co. to admit its WWII guilt of using Jews for slave labor, and pays 60M marks in reparations - Dr. Z is no Dr. Kevorkian, he's Dr. Seuss? In this decade the Cola Wars between Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola begin (ends late 1990s), using rock stars to hawk their ever-changing wares. In this decade the Brazilian NW state of Rondonia is promoted by the Brazilian govt., ending up overpopulated and overforested. Blackwood's Mag. (founded in England in 1817) folds. There are 1M computers in use in the U.S. The Deobandi Sunni Muslim Sipah-e-Shaba Pakistan (SPP) is founded in Jhang, Pakistan by Maulana Haq Nawaz Jhangvi (1954-90) to fight Shiite influence after the 1979 Iranian Rev. Minhaj-ul-Quran Internat. in Lahore, Pakistan is founded on Oct. 17 by Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri (1951-) to promote moderate Islam. The Am.-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee is founded by U.S. Sen. James George Abourezk (1931-), first Arab-Am. U.S. Senator (D-S.D.) (1973-9), who was born to Christian Marionite Lebanese parents. Pakastani Hanafi Sufi cleric Sheikh Mubarak Ali Gilani (Jilani) founds Jamaat ul-Fuqra (al-Fuqra) (Arab. "community of the impoverished"), and Muslims of the Americas, whose 3K members go on to plan violent acts, incl. the murder of Rashad Khalifa in 1990; they go on to found Islamberg in Hancock, N.Y., and Holy Islamville in York County, S.C., and flirt with terrorist designations. U.S. Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-N.Y.) utters the soundbyte that the U.S. govt. funds 50% of the budget of Roman Catholic charities: "Private institutions really aren't private anymore." Israel-hating Palestinian jihadist Abdullah Yusuf Azzam (1941-89), author of "The Defense of Muslim Territories" becomes the mentor of Osama bin Laden in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, setting up the Services Bureau to recruit foreign fighters in Afghanistan. 180K-acre Biscayne Nat. Park in SE Fla. is established, consisting of 25 small keys. 249K-acre Channel Islands Nat. Park in S Calif. is established in the U.S., consisting of Anacapa, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, San Miguel, and Santa Barbara Islands. Yugoslavia begins producing the bug-ridden Fiat 127 clone Yugo (Zastava Koral) automobile on Nov. 28, selling it in the U.S. for $3,990, until Yugoslavia breaks up; production in Serbia ends on Nov. 11, 2008. The Am. Dairy Assoc. launches the "REAL" (R) Seal dairy symbol; next year Ultra High Temperature Milks gain nat. recognition; in 1993 the Nat. Dairy Promotion and Research Board is founded; in 1988 lowfat and skim milk sales exceed whole milk sales for the first time. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (founded 1978) makes its first string-free "genius grants" of $220K-$375K to creative people. The Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco, Calif. opens on Sept. 16 as the home of the San Francisco Symphony. Sir Edward Downes (1924-2009) becomes principal conductor of the BBC Philarmonic (until 1991). German child prodigy violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter (1963-) makes her North Am. concert debut playing Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor with the New York Philharmonic on Jan. 3. The Mark Morris Dance Group in New York City is founded on Nov. 28 by dancer-choreographer Mark William Morris (1956-). Former homeless person John Paul Jones DeJoria (1944-) and hairdresser Paul Mitchell found John Paul Mitchell Systems for beauty salons, using B&W packaging because they couldn't afford color ink and promising salon owners a refund for unsold products, and DeJoria goes on to become a billionaire, founding Patron Spirits Co. in 1992, which produces ultra-premium Patron Tequila. BBC-TV airs the 8-part series The Shock of the New on modern art, hosted by Australian-born Time mag. art critic Robert Studley Forrest Hughes (1938-); it is followed in 2004 by "The New Shock of the New". Am. singer Wayne Newton (1942-) buys the Aladdin Hotel in Las Vegas for $85M with partner Ed Torres, then sells out in 1982. Bert Parks (Bertram Jacobson) (1914-92) is fired from the Miss America show (since 1955) for being "too old", and isn't rehired despite a campaign by Johnny Carson on the Tonight Show. Pablo Picasso's daughter Paloma Picasso (1949-) begins exhibiting her fashion jewelry at Tiffany's in New York City. German Wagnerian soprano Waltraud Meier (1956-) makes her internat. debut at the Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires as Fricka in Die Walkure. In this decade white upper-middle class Valley Girls in the San Fernando Valley of Calif., based in the Galleria in Sherman Oaks at the intersection of the Ventura and San Diego Freeways develop and popularize Valspeak (Valleyspeak), e.g., gnarly, grody, duh, like, and whatever; they peak in 1981-5, and trail off in the 1990s. A red ribbon event for medicine? Kenneth ?, a 30-y.-o. gay man living in San Francisco, Calif. goes to his doctor complaining of diarrhea and tiredness; he wastes away for a year, and dies of pneumonia, and AIDS (HIV) arrives in the U.S.; next June five gay men are officially diagnosed, causing a frantic search by scientists for the source of the infection, taking them from U.S. and European cities to Haiti and finally the Congo, where "a single transmission event from a single chimpanzee in west central Africa to one human" (George Shaw) is the answer? The Human Rights Campaign is founded in Washington, D.C. by Stephen Robert "Steve" Endean (1948-93) to fight for gay rights, becoming the largest LGBT political lobbying org. in the U.S.; you guessed it, Endean dies of AIDS. Jodie Foster (b. 1963) becomes valedictorian at the Lycee Francais (Lycée Français) in Los Angeles, Calif., speaking perfect French. 6' black Chicago-born Michelle Robinson (1964-) (later Obama) becomes a freshman at Princeton U.; her white Ga.-born roommate Catherine Donnelly (1964-) is moved to another room after Catherine's mother Alice Brown complains to the campus housing office about her having to roon, er, room with a black, after which Catherine comes out as a lesbian. Millionaire shaterproof plastic eyeglasses inventor Robert Klark Graham (1906-97) founds the Repository for Germinal Choice, a sperm bank in an underground backyard bunker to produce geniuses and reverse the "dysgenic crisis" of "retrograde humans", "fend off the idiotic herds", and "stop global Communism", inviting Nobel Prize winners to donate sperm which he then offers to brilliant women, eventually producing 215 children, but not via the sperm of transistor inventor William Shockley and two others, since none of it "took", and they all quit by late 1980, causing the bank to begin accepting sperm from every Tom, Dick, er, Harry, er, John who walks in; bad publicity causes the bank to close in 1999. Kenai Fjords Nat. Park in SC Alaska is established. The Nat. Museum of Roller Skating in Lincoln, Neb. is founded. Ford Europe introduces the front-wheel drive hatchback Escort MK3 on Sept. 2. McDonald's test-markets all white meat Chicken McNuggets in Mar. in Knoxville, Tenn.; they are officially released in Jan. 1983; they are later found to be made from old chickens past their egg-laying days; later they are made with chickens with unusually large breasts; the oil they're deep fried in contains nasty chemicals not used by home cooks. Mail Boxes Etc. is founded by San Diego, Calif. mail carrier Anthony W. DeSio (1930-) as an alternative to the U.S. Post Office. In this decade Goa Trance Music originates in Goa, India, culiminating in the English group Juno Reactor, known for their work for "The Matrix" movie franchise. In this decade the term BFF (Best Friends Forever) becomes popular in the U.S. In this decade New York City-born firewalker Bruce "Tolly" Burkan (1948-) founds the Firewalking Inst. of Research and Education, gaining 3K instructors and 3M students worldwide. In this decade Detroit, Mich.-born medium Char Margolis (1951-) is discovered by Regis Philbin, becoming a regular on his show; in 2001 she correctly predicts the pregnancy of Kelly Ripa during her audition, gaining her nat. publicity, after which she debuts her TV show Char on Dutch TV; in Mar. 2008 the Dutch TV show Zembla calls her a fraud. This year only 31 British films are made (vs. 62 in 1979), lowest since 1914; in 1981 it falls to 24. This decade sees an explosion of Satanic Rock Bands, which cause a Christian counterreaction in accusations of Satanic Ritual Abuse; also in this decade thrash metal evolves, er, devolve into Black Metal, with groups incl. Bathory, Celtic Frost, Hellhammer, Mayhem, and Venom; it becomes even more extreme in the 1990s with anti-Christian crime-ridden Norwegian Black Metal, with groups incl. Burzum, Darkthrone, Emperor, Immortal, and Taake; the Swedish (Gothenburg) bands At the Gates, Dark Tranquility, In Flames, the British group Carcass, and the Swedish supergroup Arch Enemy lead the devolution to Melodic Death Metal in the 1990s-2000s - pass me some throat spray? Roadrunner Records is founded in the Netherlands to import heavy metal records, opening a U.S. HQ in 1986, then going on to sign King Diamond, Annihilator, Life of Agony, Machine Head, Suffocation, Sepultura, and Type O Negative. Paris replaces its 1830s vintage vespasiennes with sanisettes, self-cleaning public pay toilets that are less smelly; by the end of the cent. Paris has 12 sanisettes and 24 lavatories, all pay-as-you-go. Beijing Yanjing Brewery is founded in Beijing, China, becoming the 3rd largest brewery in China and 8th biggest in the world (49M barrels/year), designated in Feb. 1995 as the official beer served at state banquets in the Great Hall of the People. Architecture: On Mar. 22 the 20-ft.-tall 6-slab granite Georgia Guidestones ("the American Stonehenge") in Elbert County, Ga. by mysterious "R.C. Christian" are erected, containing a 10-guideline message "to an Age of Reason" in eight modern languages plus a shorter message at the top in four ancient scripts; guideline #1 is "Maintain humanity under 500 million in perpetual balance with Nature". On Apr. 28 $27M Reunion Arena in Dallas, Tex. opens as the home of the NBA Dallas Mavericks (cap. 18,187) and NHL Dallas Stars (cap. 17,001); it closes on June 30, 2008. On July 19 the Richard Nixon Pres. Library and Museum in San Clemente, Calif. is dedicated. On Sept. 5 after 11 years of construction the $420M St. Gotthard (Goschenen-Airolo) Road Tunnel in the Swiss Alps opens, becoming the world's longest auto tunnel (10.2 mi.) (1.5K vehicles/hour), cutting four hours from a road trip from West Germany or Netherlands to Italy. The Nurek Dam in Vakhsh, U.S.S.R. (Tajikistan) (begun 1961) is completed; at 984 ft. (300m), it is the world's highest dam (until 1985). The $18M 2,890-seat mirrored glass exterior Crystal Cathedral of the Garden Grove Community Church in Calif., pastored by Robert Harold Schuller (1926-), designed by Philip Johnson and John Burgee, an ecclesiastical greenhouse wider and higher than Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris is dedicated on Sept. 14. The 1.4K-room 30-story Grand Hyatt Hotel in New York City, complete with mirrored glass facade is completed by Queens developer Donald John Trump (1946-), who used the skeleton of the 1919 Commodore Hotel, which he brought from bankrupt Penn Central on condition of a huge tax break from the city. The 40-story Xerox Center in Chicago, Ill. (begun 1977) is completed, designed by Nuremberg, Germany-born architect Helmut Jahn (1940-). The Georgia Guidestones, four 16-ft.-high granite slabs topped with a 25K-lb. capstone in Elberton, Ga. are erected, with each slab containing 10 precepts for creating a better society in eight different languages. Sports: On Jan. 5 after winning a record eight PBA titles in 1978 and six in 1979, Brooklyn, N.Y.-born Mark Roth (1951-), first with the hard-throwing hooking cranking style becomes the first bowler to convert a 7-10 "bedpost" split on nat. TV at the ARC Alameda Open at Mel's Southshore Bowl in Alameda, Calif.; he goes on to become the 2nd prof. bowler to make $1M in career earnings. On Jan. 11 14-y.-o. Nigel Short (1966-) becomes the youngest chess player to achieve the title of Internat. Master. On Jan. 27 the first 1980 Pro Bowl game is held in Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii; the NFC defeats the AFC 37-27; on Jan. 25, 2015 the venue is moved to the U. of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Ariz., followed by Aloha Stadium in Honolulu on Jan. 31, 2016, and Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Fla. on Jan. 29, 2017. On Feb. 17 the 1980 (22nd) Daytona 500 is won by Elzie Wylie "Buddy" "Leadfoot" Baker Jr. (1941-) on his record 18th start (longest wait until Dale Earnhardt Sr. in 1998). On Mar. 18 Chicago, Ill.-born Michael William "Mike" "Coach K" Krzyzewski (1947-), head coach (since 1975) of the West Point Army Cadets becomes head coach of the Duke U. Blue Devils men's basketball team (until ?), becoming the first Div. 1 men's basketball coach to reach 1K wins with a 77-68 defeat of St. John's U. on Jan. 25, 2015, going on to win five NCAA championships (1991, 1992, 2001, 2010, 2015). becomes head coach of the Duke U. Blue Devils men's basketball team (until ?), On Mar. 31 Mike Dwayne "Hercules" Weaver (1952-) (nicknamed by Ken Norton) turns in a Rocky performance when he is about to lose the match then KOs John Tate with 40 sec. left in round 15 in Knoxville, Tenn. to win the WBA heavyweight boxing title (until 1986). On Apr. 21 the 1980 Boston Marathon sees Havana, Cuba-born Rosie Ruiz (1953-) become the first woman to cross the finish line, but she is disqualified as a fraud when officials discover that she had jumped into the race about 1 mi. from the finish; Canadian runner Jacqueline Gareau (1953-) is recognized as the winner with an official time of 2:34:28 - just practicing to be an illegal immigrant? On May 1 the NBA expands to 23 teams as the Dallas Mavericks (Mavs) team is founded by Don Carter, and named after the 1957-62 TV series "Maverick", with Dick Motta as head coach #1; Kiki Vandeweghe of UCLA is their first pick, but he holds out for the Denver Nuggets; 6'3" guard Bradley Ernest "Brad" Davis (1955-) (#15) from the CBA is signed in Dec.; the debut game in the new Reunion Arena (opened Apr. 28; closed June 20, 2008) sees the Mavericks defeat the Spurs by 103-92, but their first season starts 6-40 and ends 15-67; in 1981 they draft 6'6" forward Mark Anthony Aguirre (1959-) (#24), Panamanian-born 6'6" guard Rolando Antonio Blackman (1959-) (#22), and 6'7" forward Jay Fletcher Vincent (1959-) (#31). On May 3 chestnut Genuine Risk (1977-2008) (jockey J. Vasquez) becomes the 2nd filly since Regret in 1915 to win the Kentucky Derby. On May 4-16 the 1980 NBA Finals sees the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Paul Westhead) defeat the Philadelphia 76ers (coach Billy Cunningham) by 4-2; MVP is rookie Magic Johnson of the Lakers, who started at center in place of injured Kareem Abdul-Jabbar; Game 6 sees Johnson score 42 points, 15 rebounds, and 7 assists, and veteran teammate Jamaal Wilkes score 37 points and 10 rebounds, with Johnson uttering the soundbyte: "Jamaal Wilkes had an unbelievable game. Everybody talked about my 42, but it was also his." On May 13-24 the 1980 Stanley Cup Finals see the New York Islanders (first Finals appearance) defeat the Philadelphia Flyers (first Finals appearance since 1976) 4-2; first of four straight titles, becoming the 8th NHL dynasty in 1980-3; the winning goal is in 7:11 of OT by 6'1" Swedish-born Canadian right-winger Robert Thore "Bob" "Bobby" Nystrom (1952-); MVP is 5'11" Islanders center Bryan John Trottier (1956-), who set an NHL record of six points in a single period (four goals, two assists) in the 2nd period of a game against the Rangers on Dec. 23, 1978. On May 25 (Sun.) the 1980 (64th) Indianapolis 500 is won by 29.92 sec. by John Sherman "Johnny" Rutherford III (1938-) for a 3rd time (1974, 1976) in owner Jim Hall's radically new Chapparal ground-effect car (his 2nd win); the Chapparals exit auto racing in 1982. On Aug. 2 the WWII Fight at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Mich. sees welterweight Tommy Hearns KO Pipino Cuevas at 2:39 in round 2 of 15, ending Cuevas' 4-year reign as welterweight champ. On Sept. 27 Am. middleweight Marvin Nathaniel Hagler (1954-2021) defeats English middleweight Alan Minter (1951-) in Wembley, London to become world middleweight champion (until Apr. 8, 1987), getting the word Marvelous legally added to his name. On Oct. 9 Game 2 of the ML AL Championship Series sees 3rd base coach Mike Ferraro wave Willie Randolph of the Yankees home on a double by Bob Watson with two outs at the top of the 8th inning and the Yankees down 3-2, only to be thrown out at the plate on a relay throw by 3rd baseman George Brett, causing New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner to jump out of his seat and shout profanities on live nat. TV; after new Yankees mgr. Richard Dalton "Dick" Howser (1936-87) refuses to fire Ferraro on the spot, and the Yankees lose the series in three games, Steinbrenner fires Howser, who moves to the Kansas City Royals in 1981-6, guiding them to their first World Series title in 1985 over the heavily-favored St. Louis Cardinals; on Oct. 10 Kansas City Royals 3rd baseman George Howard Brett (1953-) homers off Goose Gossage in the AL championship series, helping the finally beat the New York Yankees in three games after losing three straight series in 1976-8; the entire season seems to be about Brett batting .400? On Nov. 25 the No Mas Fight at the Superdome in New Orleans, La. sees Sugar Ray Leonard (1956-) of the U.S. regain the WBC welterweight boxing title when Roberto Duran (1951-) of Panama abruptly quits in round 8, shouting, "No Mas!"; Duran later denies saying that, claiming he had stomach cramps and Howard Cossell put the words in his mouth; their 2nd of three "superfights". On Dec. 27 5'11" Hartford Whalers left winger Mark Steven Howe (1955-) (son of Gordie Howe) slides into the pointed metal center of the net and cuts a 5-in. gash in his thigh, causing the NFL to change the design; after the Hartford Whalers trade him to the Philadelphia Flyers, he anchors one of the best defensive NHL teams of the mid-1980s, which finishes the 1984-5 season with the most points, losing the Stanley Cup Finals to the Edmonton Oilers, then scoring 82 points in the 1985-6 season. Golfer Jack Nicklaus wins his 4th U.S. Open, plus his 5th PGA title; Severiano "Seve" Ballesteros Sota (1957-2011) of Spain wins the Masters, and wins again in 1983. Bjorn Rune Borg (1956-) of Sweden defeats John Patrick McEnroe Jr. (1959-) of the U.S. to win his 5th straight and last Wimbledon men's singles title; Evonne Fay Goolagong Cawley (1951-) of Australia (aborigine) wins the women's singles title, breaking Martina Navatilova's streak; John McEnroe defeats Bjorn Borg to win the U.S. Open men's singles title, and Chris Evert wins the women's title. Niatross (1977-99), who was sold to a syndicate in 1979 for $2.5M wins the Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Pacers (Cane Pace, Little Brown Jug, Messenger Stakes) incl. 19 consecutive wins and 13-13 as a 2-y.-o, passing the records of Hambletonian (1876) and Dan Patch (1902) with a 1.49-1/5 min. mi. in the Red Mile at Lexington, Ky. (3 sec. better than previous record). The U.S. yacht Freedom defeats Australia 4-1 to retain the America's Cup. Tex. oil tycoon Harrell Edmonds "Eddie" Chiles (1910-93) buys the Texas Ranger ML baseball team, selling it in 1989 to a group incl. future U.S. pres. George W. Bush and Am. history-loving New York City stockbroker Richard Gilder Jr. (1932-), who in 2005 marries his paternal niece, actress Lois Chiles. After starting out doing play-by-play for the ABA Spirits of St. Louis in 1974, Queens, N.Y.-born Greek-Irish descent Robert Quinlan "Bob" Costas (1952-) joins NBC-TV as a sports commentator (until 2018), rising to the top with encyclopedic sports knowledge and ability to host, interview, do commentary, and play-by-play. Urethane bowling balls are introduced by Ebonite, changing ball motion from skid-roll-hook to skid-hook-roll. Lisa "Rocket" Wagner (1961-) of Seattle, Wash. becomes Ladies Prof. Bowlers Tour (LPBT) rookie of the year; after winning the Open Div. doubles title in 1982, the 1983 Greater Milwaukee Open, the Open Div. all-events title in 1988, and the 1988 U.S. Open, becoming the first woman to earn $100K on the tour on Nov. 2, 1988, she is named 1980s bowler of the decade by Woman Bowler and Bowling mags.; she retires after the 2001 Fall Tour. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Adolfo Perez Esquivel (1931-) (Argentina) [fight to expose the Dirty War]; Lit.: Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004) (U.S.); Physics: James Watson Cronin (1931-) and Val Logsdon Fitch (1923-) (U.S.) [asymmetry of subatomic reactions]; Chem.: Paul Berg (1926-) (U.S.) [recombinant DNA], and Walter Gilbert (1932-) (U.S.) and Frederick Sanger (1918-) (U.K.) [DNA mapping] (his 2nd Chem. Nobel); Med.: Baruj Benacerraf (1920-) (Venezuela), George Davis Snell (1903-96) (U.S.), and Jean Baptiste Gabriel Joachim (1916-2009) (France) [cell surface structures regulating immunologic reactions in organ transplants]; Econ.: Lawrence Robert Klein (1920-) (U.S.) [economic fluctuations and policies]. Inventions: On May 22 the Pac-Man color video game by Namco, named after the big-eating Japanese folk hero Paku and the Japanese slang phrase "paku-paku taberu" meaning to open and close the mouth rapidly, and based on an idea from seeing a pizza missing a slice debuts in Japan, becoming a huge success (350K units) and launching the survival genre of video games; its yellow circle has a pellet-gobbling mouth and only requires 8 bits of computer memory; the original name was Puck Man, but the Bally div. of Midway changed it to prevent vandals from turning it into Fuck; on July 3, 1999 Billy L. Mitchell (1965-) of Hollywood, Fla. becomes the first player to achieve a perfect score of 3,333,360 points on all 255 levels. In the summer IBM introduces its RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) with the experimental IBM 801, reaching 15 MIPS. On Sept. 30 the DIX (Digital/Intel/Xerox) std. for Ethernet is pub. on by the IEEE, specifying 10M bits per sec. and a 16-bit type field. German-born Am. physicist John Bannister Goodenough (1922-) et al. invent the Lithium-Ion Battery, based on a cobalt-oxide cathode, which goes on to take over the market despite problems with charting speeds, low temperature performance, and occasional overheating or explosions. The WordPerfect 1.0 word processing program is introduced by Satellite Software Internat. in Provo, Utah, capturing more than half of the PC market until the clunkier Monopolysoft, er, Microsoft Word comes along; founders incl. Mormons Bruce Wayne Bastian (1948-) and his BYU instructor Alan C. Ashton (1942-). Arnold Klayman (1926-2008) patents the Sound Retrieval System, a psychoacoustic 3D audio technology based on head-related transfer functions to create a 3D effect using only two speakers; too bad, it doesn't save cheap stereo sets. English inventor Sir Clive Marles Sinclair (1940-2021) develops the ultra-cheap Ł100 Sinclair ZX80/ZX81 computer, which is marketed in 1981 as the Timex-Sinclair, using a TV as a monitor and a home audio cassette recorder to store programs, along with a membrane keyboard; over 1M units are sold. Sony, Philips, and PolyGram propose technical stds. for Compact Discs (CDs), which are accepted worldwide by next year, making commercial development possible. The French Post Office develops the $100M Telematique (Télématique) system to link telephones with centralized computerized phone directories, and raises the price of paper directories by 5x to discourage their use; telephone subscribers grow to 15M from 6M in 1974. Hewlett-Packard introduces the first Laser Printer, the size of a desk and priced at $100K; they also introduce their first PC, the 8-bit 16KB RAM 32KB ROM HP-85. The first 1-900 pay-per-call telephone line in the U.S. is set up for the 1980 U.S. pres. debate by NBC-TV. The Group 3 Fax (Facsimile) Std. is created, allowing speeds of about 1 page per min. Trenton, Ohio-based Martin Marietta Corp. programmer Cecil Wayne Ratliff (1946-) of Aston-Tate develops dBase I using the database program Vulcan I developed at the Jet Propulsion Labs in the late 1960s; it goes on to become the std. for PC filing systems. IBM creates a voice recognition system using an IBM System 370/Model 168 computer, with a 1K-word vocabulary and 91% accuracy; Vortrax develops the SC-01 single-chip voice synthesizer with unlimited vocabulary using a separate chip to store phones with 6-bit words and a special circuit to turn phonemes into words. The Undulator is developed to increased the power of the Stanford Synchroton. Who's Stalin now? On Dec. 10 after the 1975 High Order Language Working Group stages a competition for a Commie-style 5-Year-Plan all-purpose computer language to stifle commercial competition, er, cut govt. costs, the U.S. Dept. of Defense pub. the new computer language Ada on the birthday of English brain babe Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (1815-52), daughter of Lord Byron (1788-1824), who allegedly pub. the first computer program in 1842-3 while working for Charles Babbage; the camel-designed-by-a-committee language is Pascal-descended, crockish, and difficult to use, becoming a multi-billion-dollar boondoggle, the PL/I of the 1980s; it is given the designation MIL-STD-1815 in honor of the year of Ada's birth; too bad, after tying to force the turkey onto defense programmers in 1987, they give up in 1997 after wasting gigabucks of taxpayer moolah; they should have just held a new competition each year for promising new languages, then let the market sort out the best on its own and not try dictating what to use? Am. aeronautical engineer Paul B. MacCready Jr. (1925-2007 invents the first Solar-Powered Aircraft - since Daedalus? Hughes Aircraft Corp. introduces a textile-cutting machine using laser beams. Canadian hockey player Scott Olson (1960-) and his brother Brenan Olson (1964-) invent the Rollerblade, using an in-line roller skate with polyurethane wheels and molded ski-type boot; they obtain a trademark in Mar. 1983, which doesn't stop everybody from using the term for any inline skate. The first commercial Computerized Expert Systems are marketed in this decade; too bad, they suffer from inflated claims and expectations. Dornier Medical Systems of Munich, Germany develops the Lithotripter, a machine that breaks up kidney stones with sound waves. Science: On Mar. 28 the Talpiot (Talpiyot) Tomb is discovered 5km S of the Old City of Jerusalem; it contains 10 ossuaries, six with epigraphs, incl. one that says "Jesus, son of Joseph", causing speculation that the tomb of Jesus Christ has been found, hence it must almost be the End of Days; it is kept secret by Israeli archeologist Yosef Gat until 1994; in 1996 BBC-TV airs a documentary on it; in 2007 Canadian dir. James Francis Cameron (1954-) and Israeli-born Canadian Jewish archeologist Simcha Jacobovici (1953-) release a film and book titled The Lost Tomb of Jesus. On Apr. 17 Am. molecular biologists W. Ford Doolittle (1941-) and Carmen Sapienza pub. the article Selfish genes, the phenotype paradigm and genome evolution in Nature, explaining why the majority of non-coding "junk" DNA in large genomes finds its origin in the selfish amplification of transposable elements, with the soundbyte: "When a given DNA, or class of DNAs, of unproven phenotypic function can be shown to have evolved a strategy (such as transposition) which ensures its genomic survival, then no other explanation for its existence is necessary"; in the same issue English chemist Leslie Eleazer Orgel (1927-2007) and English molecular biologist Francis Harry Compton Crick (1916-2004) pub. the article Selfish DNA: The Ultimate Parasite, with the soundbyte that junk DNA has "little specificity and conveys little or no selective advantage to the organism". On June 16 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Diamond v. Chakrabarty that microbes created by genetic engineering can be patented - arrest that crotch? The antiobiotic Azithromycin (Zmax) (Zithromax) (Sumamed) is discovered by the Yugoslavian pharmaceutical co. Pliva, who patents it in 1981; in 1986 Pfizer obtains exclusive rights for distribution in W Europe and the U.S. Am. biologist David Botstein (1942-), Am. biochemist Ronald Wayne "Ron" Davis (1941-), and Am. scientist Mark Henry Skolnick (1946-) propose DNA Sequencing to develop gene markers for genetic diseases based on a Genetic linkage map using restriction fragment length polymorphisms, leading to the Human Genome Project. Flash Memory, based on electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) is invented by Fujio Masuoka (1943-) of Toshiba; the two basic types are NAND and NOR; it hits the market in 1988; by 1995 it has a storage capacity of 2MB. Canadian scientists Adolpho J. de Bold (1942-) and Harald Sonnenberg demonstrate that the rat atrium produces a previously unknown atrial natriuretic polypeptide hormone that reduces blood pressure; Bruno Kirsh first observes the cell bodies that produce it; in 1984 de Bold isolates and analyzes Auriculin (Atriopeptin) (Cardionarin), AKA the heart hormone. Am. geneticists Martin J. Cline (1934-) and Winston A. Salser of UCLA successfully transfer working genes from one mouse to another, creating the first transgenetic organism, leading to the ability to make molecular genetic alterations in cancer esp. leukema and founding the medical field of Gene therapy (human gene transfer); too bad, he transfers rDNA into the bone marrow cells of two patients with hereditary blood disorders in violation of Nat. Inst. of Health guidelines and sans univ. approval, forcing him to resign his dept. chairmanship; Salser joins William Bowes of Cetus Corp. to found Applied Molecular Genetics (Amgen)in Thousand Oaks, Calif. to produce Epogen, the first recombinant human erythropoetin product for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney failure, becoming the first successful biotech co. Am. physicist Hans Georg Dehmelt (1922-) et al. obtain a color photo of a single charged barium atom, which they name Astrid, appearing as a tiny blue dot on a black background. Am. mathematician Robert Griess Jr. constructs the Monster Finite Simple Group, completing the classification of all finite simple groups begun in 1830. The Inflationary Universe Theory is proposed by MIT physicist Alan Harvey Guth (1947-), claiming that the Universe grew from a speck far smaller than a proton to grapefruit size in the first 10^-32 sec. after the Big Bang, and somehow gets around the Horizon Problem (the U looks the same on opposite sides of the sky) and the Flatness Problem (spacetime is flat, therefore it always sits on the dividing line between expansion and recollapse); "I call the Universe the ultimate free lunch" (Guth); in 1981 Russian physicist Andrei Linde (1948-) improves on his idea, and in 1983 he introduces a model for a chaotic inflationary Universe. English physicist Stephen William Hawking (1942-) claims that a Theory of Everything will be developed by the end of the cent.; in 2010 he reverses himself and says that a "family of interconnected theories" will emerge instead. Linn Mollenauer, Rogers H. Stolen, and James Gordon of Bell Labs show experimentally that Solitons can travel through optical fibers. Am. psychologist Robert Plutchik (1927-2006) proposes a 2-D/3-D wheel model to describe relations between human emotions. Martin John Rees (1942-), Mitchell Begelman, and Roger Blanford predict the existence of Binary (Double) Black Holes. Frederick Reines (1918-98), who first detected them in 1956 announces in Mar. that the neutrino has mass; Valentin Lubimov et al. of the Soviet Union claim to measure it at 14-46 ev. Denver, Colo.-born Oxford-educated philosopher John Rogers Searle (1932-) pub. the Chinese Room Argument, which attempts to prove the Turing Test inadequate, leading to the conclusion that human minds are not computer-like information processing systems. Am. astronomers Susan Wyckoff and Peter A. Wehinger (1938-2015) of Germany discover a nebulous region around 3C 273, becoming the first known quasar, indicating that it might be in the center of a galaxy; Timothy J. Pearson et al. track a glowing blob ejected by the quasar from July 1977 to July 1980, and calculate an apparent speed of 9.6c, but reduce it to a real speed of 0.995c. Polish-born Am. social psychologist Robert Boleslaw Zajonc (1923-2008) (pr. ZAY-unts) pub. the paper Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences, arguing that affective and cognitive systems are largely independent, and that the former is more powerful and important, reviving the study of emotion and affective processes. U.S. geneticists discover Hypervariable Regions in Genes, short DNA sequences that repeat in the same chromosome. Charles Weissmann (1931-) of the U. of Geneva successfully uses a bacteria to produce human interferon. Eli Lilly Co. begins producing human insulin using genetically-altered bacteria that can be used by diabetics allergic to animal insulin. The Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope in Socorro, N.M. begins operation, using 27 antennas to produce resolution equivalent to a 22-mi. (36km) dish. The Platypus Frogs of Queensland, Australia, who incubate eggs in their stomachs and give birth from their mouths become extinct; in 2013 one of the two species, Rheobatrachus silus is successfully cloned. Congress requests the Nat. Academy of Science to review the science of climate change, with Am. physicist William Aaron Nierenberg (1919-2000), Roger Revelle's successor at the Scripps Inst. of Oceanography as chmn. of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee, and economists William Nordhaus of Yale U. and Thomas Schelling of Harvard U. joining major physical scientists; it goes on to pub. the report Changing Climate in 1983, backing up the Charney conclusions of a likely global warming of 1.5C-4.5C after a doubling of CO2, greater by 2x-3x over the poles as over the tropics, with a sea level rise of 70 cm over a cent., concluding that while rising CO2 is a cause for concern, no action should be taken without more study and a careful program of monitoring and analysis; global warmists later claim that climate change denier Nierenberg slanted the conclusions toward inaction, and "in doing so arguable launched the climate change debate, transforming the issue from one of scientific concern to one of political controversy." The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) is founded by the World Meteorological Org. (WMO) and the Internat. Council for Science (ICSU); in 1993 it is sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO; in 1989 the U.S. establishes the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), composed of 13 federal agencies with the task of issuing periodic reports about U.S. climate called the Nat. Climate Assessment; in 1995 the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) of WCRP establishes the Coupled model intercomparison project to coordinate research on Climate models incl. Gen. circulation models (GCMs). Nonfiction: Spiro Agnew (1918-96), Go Quietly... Or Else (autobio.). Muhammad Asad (1900-92), The Message of the Qu'ran; Jewish convert to Islam tells how great it is. Isaac Asimov (1920-92), In Joy Still Felt (autobio.); NYT bestseller. Rick Atkinson (1952-), The Long Gray Line: The American Journey of West Point's Class of 1966 (first book). Russell Baker (1925-), So This Is Depravity and Other Observations. Russell Banks (1940-), The Book of Jamaica. Richard Barnet (1929-2004), Lean Years; the environmental movement. Gregory Bateson (1904-80), Steps to an Ecology of Mind. Petr Beckmann (1924-93), Hammer and Tickle: Clandestine Laughter in the Soviet Union. Sir Isaiah Berlin (1909-97), Personal Impressions; 2nd ed. 1998; his impressions of 17 celebs incl. Winston Churchill, FDR, Boris Pasternak, Anna Akhmatova, and Albert Einstein, with an intro. by Sir Noel Annan, incl. "Nobody in our time has invested ideas with such personality, given them a corporeal shape and breathed life into them more than Isaiah Berlin; and he succeeds in doing so because ideas for him are not mere abstractions. They live... in the minds of men and women, inspiring them, shaping their lives, influencing their actions and changing the course of history." Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), The Roswell Incident. Pierre Berton (1920-2004), The Invasion of Canada, 1812-1813. Michael Richard Beschloss, Kennedy and Roosevelt: The Uneasy Alliance. Ray Allen Billington (1903-81), Limericks: Historical and Hysterical. Wilfred Bion (1897-1979), Experiences in Groups (posth.); proposes that every group is actually a work group and a basic assumption group, which works by dependency, fight-flight, and pairing. He goes on to be called "the greatest psychoanalytic thinker... after Freud" by Neville Symington. Lisa Birnbach (1957-) (ed.), The Official Preppy Handbook; NYT bestseller for 6five weeks in 1981-2; plaid, chinos, polo shirts with turned-up collars, repp ties; "Look, Maffy, a book for us"; "In a true democracy everyone can be upper-class and live in Connecticut. It's only fair. It is the inalienable right of every man, woman, and child to wear khaki. Looking, acting, and ultimately being Prep is not restricted to an elite minority." Lady Caroline Blackwood (1931-96), The Last of the Duchess; the Duchess of Windsor and her atty. Maitre Suzanne Blum (-1995); withheld from pub. until Blum's death. Harold Bloom (1930-2019), Deconstruction and Criticism. John Morton Blum (1921-2011), Liberty, Justice, Order: Writings on Past Politics. David Bohm (1917-92), Wholeness and the Implicate Order. John Boswell (1947-94), Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), Beasts, Ballads, and Bouldingisms: A Collection of Writings. Timothy H. Breen (1942-), Puritans and Adventurers: Change and Persistence in Early America. William Bronk (1918-99), The Brother in Elysium. Peter Burke (1937-), Sociology and History; argues that it wasn't easily separable from the Middle Ages and wasn't all about Italy. Abe Burrows (1910-85), Honest, Abe: Is There Really No Business Like Show Business? (autobio.). Richard L. Bushman, From Puritan to Yankee; 1690-1765 colonial Conn. Ernest Callenbach (1929-), Ecotopia Emerging; The Ecotopian Encyclopedia for the 80's: A Survival Guide for the Age of Inflation; selective use of hi-tech to keep resources self-sustaining. Douglas R. Casey, Crisis Investing. Bruce Chatwin (1940-89), The Viceroy of Ouidah. Frank Chodorov (1877-1966), Fugitive Essays (autobio.). Sir Kenneth Clark (1903-83), Feminine Beauty. Robert Coles (1929-), Flannery O'Connor's South. Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), The White Lantern (essays). Fred James Cook (1911-2003), The Ku Klux Klan: America's Recurring Nightmare. Council on Environmental Quality and U.S. Dept. of State, The Global 2000 Report to the President; commissioned by Pres. Carter on May 23, 1977, and dir. by Gerald O. Barney; conclusion: "If present trends continue, the world in 2000 will be more crowded, and more vulnerable to disruption than the world we live in now. Serious stresses involving population, resources, and environment are clearly visible ahead. Despite greater material output, the worlds people will be poorer in many ways than they are today"; after U. of Ill. prof. Julian Lincoln Simon (1932-98) predicts that the prices of natural resources will go down not up over time, UCB prof. Paul Ralph Ehrlich (1932-) et al. bet him $1K that prices of chrome, copper, nickel, tin and tungsten will be higher in Oct. 1990 than this Oct., and lose; Simon then offers them $20K for a new bet, and they decline. Malcolm Cowley, The Dream of the Golden Mountains: Remembering the 1930s (autobio.); his years with New Republic mag. and disillusionnment with leftist activism. Lawrence Arthur Cremin (1925-90), American Education: The National Experience, 1783-1876 (Pulitzer Prize). Merle Eugene Curti (1897-1996), Human Nature in American Thought: A History. Adi Da (1939-2008), Scientific Proof of the Existence of God Will Soon Be Announced By The White House!: Prophetic Wisdom About the Myths and Idols of Mass Culture and Popular Religious Cultism, the New Priesthood of Scientific and Political Materialism, and the Secrets of Enlightenment Hidden in the Body of Man; "There is no Enlightenment, no evolutionary entrance into the truly Spiritual Condition of human existence, without ego-death, or transcendence of the mind. There must be the literal death of the separate and separative consciousness. In this moment, you are holding on to your sense of separate consciousness as if it were something tangible and material. You possess yourself through a great contraction of body and psyche. By virtue of this gesture, you have become rigid, mediocre, deluded, relatively loveless, self-possessed, and isolated. To be without an inner consciousness is, for you, unthinkable. To be incapable of feeling yourself as a separate consciousness is, for you, a terrifying prospect. Nevertheless, that is precisely the realization with which you must become completely comfortable." Andrew Deaton (1945-) and John Muellbauer, An Almost Ideal Demand System; describes the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), a consumer demand model based on a first-order approximation that satisfies the axioms of choice. Cyril Demarne (1905-2007), The London Blitz: A Fireman's Tale. Phil Donahue (1935-), Donahue: My Own Story (autobio.) (Feb. 13). Allen Drury (1918-98), Egypt: The Eternal Smile (Oct.). John Hart Ely (1938-2003), Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review; super-popular work on U.S. constitutional law, comparing and judging all the different styles of interpretation. Joseph Epstein (1937-), Ambition: The Secret Passion. Rev. Jerry Falwell (1933-2007), Listen, America!; widely-distributed pamphlet with the soundbyte: "We must stand against the Equal Rights Amendment, the feminist revolution, and the homosexual revolution" - I'm Kilroy, Kilroy, Kilroy? Mohamed Abdel Salam (Muhammad abd al-Salaam) Faraj (1954-82), The Forgotten (Neglected) Obligation; calls on all Muslims to begin jihad again, giving fuel to the Egyptian Islamic Jihad (Jama'at al-Jihad) (founded in the late 1970s) to help it overthrow the Egyptian govt. and set up an Islamic Repub. of Egypt; after they assassinate Anwar Sadat next year, their leaders are imprisoned and/or executed, and later affiliate with al-Qaida. Martin Feldstein (1939-) and Charles Horioka (1956-), Domestic Savings and International Capital Flows; proves that in the long run capital tends to stay in the home country instead of flowing to the countries with the most productive investment opportunities, becoming known as the Feldstein-Horioka Puzzle. Marilyn Ferguson (1938-2008), The Aquarian Conspiracy: Personal and Social Transformation in Our Time; bestseller about the New Age Movement, with conspiracy used in the positive sense of breathing together, becoming "the Bible of the New Age" which is "working its way increasingly into the nation's cultural, religious, social, economic and political life" (New York Times); "In the beginning, certainly, most did not set out to change society. In that sense, it is an unlikely kind of conspiracy. But they found that their lives had become revolutions. Once a personal change began in earnest, they found themselves rethinking everything, examining old assumptions, looking anew at their work and relationships, health, political power and 'experts', goals and values." Lawrence Ferlinghetti (1919-) and Nancy J. Peters, Literary San Francisco; the Beat movement. Stanley Fish (1938-), Is There a Text in This Class?; claims that the "interpretive community" not the creator of a text determines its meaning. James Fuller Fixx (1932-84), Jim Fixx's Second Book of Running. Eric Foner, Politics and Ideology in the Age of the Civil War. Nancy Friday (1933-), Men in Love: Men's Sexual Fantasies: The Triumph of Love Over Rage; interviews with men reveal their fantasies. Milton Friedman (1912-2006) and Rose Friedman (1910-2009), Free to Choose: A Personal Statement; bestseller lamenting the erosion of personal freedom by govt., based on the works of Friedrich Hayek; also a 1980 PBS TV series. Paul Fussell Jr. (1924-2012), Abroad: British Literary Travelling Between the Wars; examines the travel books of Evelyn Waugh, Graham Greene, D.H. Lawrence, and Robert Byron. John William Gardner (1912-2002), Quotations of Wit and Wisdom. Jim Garrison (1951-), The Plutonium Culture. Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002), The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections on Natural History (essays). Graham Greene (1904-91), Ways of Escape (autobio.). Stanislav Grof (1931-), LSD Psychotherapy. Peter Handke (1942-), Essay About Tiredness. Michael Harner (1929-), The Way of the Shaman: A Guide to Power and Healing; teaches Core Shamanism; he founds the Foundation for Shamanic Studies in 1979 in Mill Valley, Calif. Barbara Grizzuti Harrison (1934-2002), Off Center: Essays. Geoffrey H. Hartman (1929-), Criticism in the Wilderness: The Study of Literature Today; argues that Jacques Derrida's approach should be adopted by U.S. academia. Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005), Marxism: For and Against (Dec. 17). Terry Hekker (1932-), Ever Since Adam & Eve; giving up a career to be a wife-mother. Lillian Hellman (1905-84), Maybe (autobio.); her friend Sarah Cameron and her "feminine hurts and feminine humiliations". Dorothy Hewett (1923-2002), Wild Card (autobio.). Charles Higham (1931-2012), Errol Flynn: The Untold Story; claims that he was a bi Fascist sympathizer who spied for the Nazis before and during WWII, and had affairs with Tyrone Power, Howard Hughes, and Truman Capote. Christopher Hills (1926-97), Creative Conflict: The Secret to Heart-to-Heart Communication. Irving Howe (1920-93), Gus Tyler (1912-), and Peter Steinfels (1941-), The Threat of Conservatism. Michael Ignatieff (1947-), A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850 (May 31). Christopher Isherwood (1904-86), My Guru and His Disciple; Swami Prabhavananda, his spiritual guide for 30+ years. Christopher Isherwood (1904-86) and Don Bachardy (1936-), October; Isherwood's journal for Oct. 1979, with drawings by Bachardy. Haynes Johnson (1931-), In the Absence of Power; Governing America (Apr. 3). Pauline Kael (1919-2001), When the Lights Go Down; savaged by New Yorker critic Renata Adler (1938-), with the soundbyte "jarringly, piece by piece, line by line, and without interruption, worthless", calling Time mag. to call it "the New York literary Mafia bloodiest case of assault and battery in years". Daniel Kahneman (1934-) and Amos Tversky (1937-96), Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice; founds Behavioral Economics. Justin Kaplan (1925-2014), Walt Whitman: A Life. Ian Kershaw (1943-), The 'Hitler Myth': Image and Reality in the Third Reich (first book) (English trans. in 1987); about how the Hitler cult was developed by propaganda master Joseph Goebbels, failing to completely penetrate the hard shell of the masses, requiring the Nazi elite to do all of the dirty work. David I. Kertzer (1948-), Comrades and Christians: Religion and Political Struggle in Communist Italy (first book). Rashid Khalidi (1948-), British Policy Towards Syria and Palestine, 1906-1914 (Apr.) (first book). Maxine Hong Kingston (1940-), China Men; exploitation of Chinese laborers in the U.S. Jonathan Kozol (1936-), Children of the Revolution; his visit to Commie paradise Cuba; Prisoners of Silence: Breaking the Bonds of Adult Illiteracy in the United States. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), To Make a Prairie: Essays on Poets, Poetry and Country Living (Feb. 15). Lewis Henry Lapham, Fortune's Child: A Portrait of the United States as a Spendthrift Heir. Martin A. Larson (1897-1994), The Essene-Christian Faith: A Study in the Sources of Western Religion. Joseph P. Lash (1909-87), Helen and Teacher: Story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy. John Kingsley Lattimer (1914-2007), Kennedy and Lincoln: Medical and Ballistic Comparisons of Their Assassinations (Oct.); compares their yukky wounds; backs the lone gunman theory. John Frederick Lehmann (1907-87), Rupert Brooke [1887-1915]: His Life and His Legend; WWI poet who pub. "The Soldier" in 1914. Dorian Leigh (1917-2008), The Girl Who Had Everything; early 1940s-50s supermodel Dorian Leigh, who inspired Truman Capote's Holly Golightly in "Breakfast at Tiffany's", and ended her sinful life by being saved by Jesus. Frank Lentricchia (1940-), After the New Criticism; how 20th cent. lit. critics incl. Northrop Frye, Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, and Harold Bloom make their subject esoteric by severing lit. from its sociohistorical context. Denise Levertov (1923-97), Light Up the Cave. Harry Levin (1912-94), Memories of the Moderns; essays on lit. giants Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, Ernest Hemingway, W.H. Auden, and Delmore Schwartz. Hal Lindsey (1929-), On Jan. 1, 1980 he pub. the bestseller The 1980s: Countdown to Armageddon (Jan. 1) (bestseller); "Tthe decade of the 1980s could very well be the last decade of history as we know it"; claims that the Antichrist is already here and that Russia will attack Iran to gain control of its oil, causing China to jump in, leading to Armageddon that destroys every major city on Earth along with half the world pop., after which a new Roman Empire consisting of a 10-nation confederacy led by Antichrist, who works for his father Satan to destroy everything. Lyn Macdonald, The Roses of No Man's Land. George Mandler (1924-), Recognizing: The Judgment of Previous Occurrence; claims a dual process basis of recognition, first to determine prior occurrence then to identify. Sir Fitzroy MacLean (1911-96), Josip Broz Tito: A Pictorial Biography; by the "real James Bond 007", who fought with him in 1943. Dave MacPherson, The Incredible Cover-Up: Exposing the Origins of Rapture Theories; how the Protestant Millennium Feverists got a number of their ideas from their archenemy the Roman Catholic Jesuits. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Of Women and Their Elegance; fake autobio. of Marilyn Monroe, with elegant photos by Milton Greene. William Manchester (1922-2004), Goodbye, Darkness: A Memoir of the Pacific War. Robert K. Massie (1929-), Peter the Great: His Life and World (Pulitzer Prize). Rollo May (1909-94), Freedom and Destiny. Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-), The African Condition: A Political Diagnosis (Apr. 30). Mary McCarthy (1912-89), Ideas and the Novel (Nov.); disses modern novels for becoming overly aestheticized and forgetting the purpose of exploring human existence. Sylvia Meagher (1922-89), Master Index to the JFK Assassination Investigations. Michael Medved (1948-) and Harry Medved, The Golden Turkey Awards; reviews 425 films; claims that Richard Burton is the worst actor ever, and that Edward D. Wood Jr.'s "Plan 9 from Outer Space" (1959) is the "worst movie ever made", making it more popular?; incl. the fake 1974 film "Him" about the gay life of Jesus as a challenge for the reader. Alice Miller (1923-2010), For Your Own Good: Hidden Cruelty in Child-Rearing and the Roots of Violence. Merle Miller (1919-86), Lyndon: An Oral Biography (Aug. 12); bestseller. Kate Millett (1934-), Going to Iran; her trip to Iran in 1979 to work for women's rights, which got her expelled. Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013), The Genius of George Washington. Marabel Morgan (1937-), The Total Woman Cookbook: Marabel Morgan's Handbook for Kitchen Survival. Richard Ward Morris (1939-2003), The End of the World (June). Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), The End of Christendom. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Lectures on Literature; claims that lit. has no instructive or moral purpose other than its "texture", which can improve the mind. Philip Noel-Baker (1889-1982), Louis Mountbatten (1900-79), and Solly Zuckerman (1904-93), Apocalypse Now?. Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), Fight Back: For the Sake of the People, For the Sake of the Land. Georges Perec (1936-82) and Robert Bober, Ellis Island and the People of America. Richard Pipes (1923-2018), Struve, Liberal on the Right, 1905-1944. Letty Cottin Pogrebin (1939-), Growing Up Free: Raising Your Child in the 80s (Sept.); non-sexist child rearing. Iggy Pop (1947-) and Anne Weher, I Need More (autobio.); foreword by Andy Warhol. Michael Eugene Porter (1947-), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors; becomes a std. textbook. Reynolds Price (1933-), Clear Pictures: First Loves, First Guides (autobio.). William H. Pritchard (1932-), Lives of the Modern Poets. Lionel Robbins (1898-1984), A History of Economic Thought: The LSE Lectures. Walt Whitman Rostow (1916-2003), Why the Poor Get Richer and the Rich Slow Down: Essays in the Marshallian Long Period. Barry Rubin (1950-2014), The Great Powers in the Middle East, 1941-1947: The Road to the Cold War; Paved With Good Intentions: The American Experience and Iran. Carl Sagan (1934-96), Cosmos; 13-chapter bestseller based on his 1980 PBS-TV series. Kamal Salibi (1929-2011), A History of Arabia. Harrison Evans Salisbury (1908-93), Without Fear or Favor: The New York Times and Its Times. Orville Hickok Schell (1940-), Watch Out for the Foreign Guests!: China Encounters the West. Martin Seymour-Smith (1928-98), Novels and Novelists: A Guide to the World of Fiction. Zecharia Sitchin (1920-2010), The Stairway to Heaven. B.F. Skinner (1904-90), Notebooks; ed. by Robert Epstein. Robert Sobel (1931-99), Last Bull Market: Wall Street in the 1960s; The Worldly Economists. Susan Sontag (1933-2004), Under the Sign of Saturn; Nazi filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, avant-garde drama critic Antonin Artaud, et al. Thomas Sowell (1930-), Knowledge and Decisions. Dale Spender (1943-), Man Made Language (first book); how male supremacy is built into the English language. hence language itself sustains male power, men seeks to dominate woman through talk, and men tend to speak in non-standard forms with covert prestige as a means of social bonding, thus it is difficult to challenge male-dominated society because the very language reinforces male power. Ronald Steel (1931-), Walter Lippmann and the American Century. Jean Strouse (1945-), Alice James: A Biography; sister of Henry James and William James and how she couldn't find her own voice. Ingo Swann (1933-2013), What Will Happen to You When the Soviets Take Over?; remote viewing psychic claims to predict the future. Han Suyin (1917-), My House Has Two Doors (autobio.). Gay Talese (1932-), Thy Neighbor's Wife; 1980s pre-AIDS Am. sexuality, incl. his experience at the Sandstone Retreat nudist colony; becomes a running joke in "Doonesbury" as radio host Mark Slackmeyer interviews him about it. William Andrew Swanberg (1907-92), Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress: Two Generations of America's Richest Families. Gloria Swanson (1899-1983), Swanson on Swanson (autobio.). Reay Tannahill, Sex in History. Lester Thurow (1938-), The Zero-Sum Society: Distribution and the Possibilities for Economic Change; NYT bestseller claiming that the U.S. economy can't get out of its slump unless the more prosperous half accepts the burden of more taxation. Alvin Toffler (1928-), The Third Wave; sequel to "Future Shock" (1970); the transition from Industrial "Second Wave" Age to Information "Third Wave" Age. John Toland (1912-2004), No Man's Land: 1918, The Last Year of the Great War; the Yankees break the deadlock. Lionel Trilling (1905-75), Speaking of Literature and Society. Nicholas Wade and William J. Broad, The Nobel Duel. Diane Wakoski (1937-), Towards a New Poetry. Hal B. Wallis (1898-1986) and Charles Higham (1931-2012), Starmaker (autobio.). Evelyn Waugh (1903-66), Letters (posth.). Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The Deception Planners (posth.); the D-Day deception. Robert Henry Williams (1921-88), Problems in Materialism and Culture: Selected Essays. William Appleman Williams (1921-90), Empire as a Way of Life: An Essay on the Causes and Character of America's Present Predicament Along with a Few Thoughts About an Alternative. Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), The Laird of Abbotsford: A View of Sir Walter Scott. Edmund Wilson (1895-1972), The Thirties: From the Notebooks and Diaries of the Period; ed. by Leon Edel. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), The Illuminati Papers (essays); bestseller about history as a vast conspiracy. Al Young (1939-) and Janet Coleman, Mingus/Mingus: Two Memoirs; bio. of Charles Mingus (1922-79). Howard Zinn (1922-2010), A People's History of the United States; bestseller (2M copies); from a longtime Marxist rebel-rousing power-to-the-people activist with the intention of starting a "quiet revolution"; calls himself "something of an anarchist, something of a socialist. Maybe a democratic socialist"; "Not a revolution in the classical sense of a seizure of power, but rather from people beginning to take power from within the institutions. In the workplace, the workers would take power to control the conditions of their lives"; revised several times through 2005; eventually takes over most U.S. campuses, who are filled with history ignoramuses and want to be taught what they want to hear, not minding that the book is a pick-and-choose patchwork riddled with errors and lies?; "the deranged quality of his fairy tale, in which the incidents are made to fit the legend, no matter how intractible the evidence of American history" (Oscar Handlin); "Bad history, albeit gilded with virtuous intentions" (Michael Kazin); followed by "Voices of a People's History of the United States" (2004). Art: Marc Chagall (1887-1985), The Magic Flight (L'Envolee Magique). David Hockney (1937-), Mulholland Drive: The Road to the Studio. Luis Jimenez (1940-2006), Vaquero (sculpture); cast in 1990. Jasper Johns (1930-), Dancers on a Plane. Anselm Kiefer (1945-), To the Unknown Painter. Martin Kippenberger (1953-97), Self-Portrait. Bernard "Hap" Kliban (1935-90), Playboy's New Kilban. Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), Head with Monocle. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Il Proprio Corno Mio; Laocoontare (La Guerra Delle Idee); Pyrocentre. Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007), Joined; Breaking. Alice Neel (1900-84), Self-Portrait; sits in an armchair wearing only eyeglasses, exposing that she waited way too long for her first? Isamu Noguchi (1904-88), California Noguchi; a funky landscape in Costa Mesa, Calif. George Segal (1924-2000), Steelmakers (bronze sculpture); Gay Liberation (sculpture) (Greenwich Village); in memory of the 1969 Stonewall Riots, placed in the Gay Liberation Monument in Christopher Street Park in Manhattan, N.Y., and the Main Quad of Stanford U., becoming the first piece of public art dedicated to the LGBT cause. Tom Wesselmann (1931-2004), Dropped Bra (sculpture). Music: 10cc, Look Hear? (album #7) (Mar. 28) (#180 in the U.S., #35 in the U.K.); incl. One Two Five, It Doesn't Matter At All. ABBA, Gracias Por La Musica (album) (June 23); Super Trouper (album #7) (Nov. 3) (#1 album of the year in the U.K.); incl. Super Trouper, The Winner Takes It All. AC/DC, Back in Black (album #7) (July 25); first without Scottish lead singer Bon Scott (b. 1946) (bare chested), who died on Feb. 19, and first with English lead singer Brian Johnson (1947-) (who likes to wear a Tynside or baseball cap); all-black mourning cover; sells 49M copies (#2 after Michael Jackson's 1982 "Thriller"); incl. Back in Black (#37 in the U.S.), Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution (#15 in the U.K.), Hells Bells (#52 in the U.S.), Shoot to Thrill (#60 in the U.S.), You Shook Me All Night Long (#35 in the U.S.). Bryan Adams (1959-), Bryan Adams (album) (debut) (Feb.); incl. Hiding from Love. Dead or Alive, Nude (album #4); big hit in Japan; incl. Turn Around and Count 2 Ten, Come Home (With Me Baby). GG Allin (1956-93) and The Jabbers, Always Was, Is and Always Shall Be (album) (debut). Allman Brothers Band, Reach for the Sky (album #8). Adam and the Ants, Kings of the Wild Frontier (album #2) (#1 in the U.K.) (bestselling album in the U.K. in 1981); introduces the Burundi drum sound; incl. Kings of the Wild Frontier (#2 in the U.K.), Dog Eat Dog (#4 in the U.K.), Antmusic. America, Alibi (album #9) (Aug. 15); the sides of the LP are labelled "Our Side" and "Their Side"; album cover features a severed doll's head; incl. Survival. B-52's, Wild Planet (album #2) (Aug. 27) (#18 in the U.S., #18 in the U.K.); incl. Party Out of Bounds, Give Me Back My Man, Private Idaho. Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) and the Banshees, Kaleidoscope (album #3) (Aug. 1); incl. Happy House, Christine, Red Light. Bauhaus, In the Flat Field (album) (debut) (Oct. 1); incl. In the Flat Field, God in An Alcove, Small Talk Stinks. The (English) Beat, I Just Can't Stop It (album) (debut) (May); from Birmingham, England, incl. David "Dave" Wakeling (1956-) (vocals, guitar), Ranking Roger (Roger Charlery) (1961-) (vocals), Andrew "Andy" Cox (1956-) (guitar), David "Shuffle" Steele (1960-) (bass), Saxa (Lionel Augustus Martin) (1930-) (sax), and Everett Morton (1951-) (drums); incl. Mirror in the Bathroom, Hands Off... She's Mine. Captain Beefheart (1941-2011) and The Magic Band, Doc at the Radar Station (album #11) (Aug.); incl. Hot Head, Ashtray Heart, A Carrot Is As Close As A Rabbit Gets to A Diamond. Pat Benatar (1953-), Crimes of Passion (album #2) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. Hit Me with Your Best Shot, Treat Me Right, I'm Gonna Follow You; Precious Time (album); incl. Fire and Ice, Hell is for Children, Promises in the Dark, It's a Tuff Life. George Benson (1943-), Give Me the Night (album); incl. Give Me the Night. Berlin, Information (album) (debut); from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Terri Kathleen Nunn (vocals), David Diamond (keyboards), Ric Olsen (guitar), Matt Reid (keyboards), John Crawford (bass), and Rod Learned (drums) Blondie, Autoamerican (album #5) (Nov. 29) (#7 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); incl. Europa, The Tide is High, Rapture; first rap song to reach #1 in the U.S.; "Fab Five Freddie told me everybody's high/ DJ's spinnin' are savin' my mind/ Flash is fast, Flash is cool/ Francois sez fas, Flash a nous deaux/ And you don't stop, sure shot/ Go out to the parking lot/ And you get in your car and you drive real far/ And you drive all night and then you see a light/ And it comes right down and lands on the ground/ And out comes a man from Mars./ And you try to run but he's got a gunAnd he shoots you dead and he eats your head/ And then you're in the man from Mars/ You go out at night, eatin' cars." Arthur Blythe, Illusions (album). David Bowie (1947-2016), Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) (album) (Sept. 12) (#1 in the U.K.) (last for RCA); "Often Copied, Never Equalled"; incl. Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps), Ashes to Ashes, Teenage Wildlife ("A broken-nosed mogul are you/ One of the new wave boys/ Same old thing in brand new drag/ Comes sweeping into view/ As ugly as a teenage millionaire/ Pretending it's a whiz kid world"), Fashion. Jackson Browne (1948-), Hold Out (album #6) (June 24) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Hold Out, That Girl Could Sing. Echo and the Bunnymen, Crocodiles (album) (debut) (July 18) (#17 in the U.K.); from Liverpool, England, incl. Ian McCulloch (1959-) (vocals), Will Sergeant (1958-) (guitar), Leslie "Les" Pattinson (1958-) (bass), and Peter Louis Vincent "Pete" de Freitas (1961-89) (drums); incl. Pictures on My Wall, Rescue. Rocky Burnette (1953-), Tired of Toein' the Line (#8 in the U.S., #58 in the U.K.); son of "Sweet Sixteen" singer Johnny Burnette ties his daddy's 1960 chart performance. Kate Bush (1958-), Never for Ever (album #3) (Sept. 8) (#1 in the U.K.); first solo female British singer to top the U.K. album charts; incl. The Wedding List, Breathing, Army Dreamers, Babooshka; December Will Be Magic Again (Nov.). Glen Campbell (1936-2017), Somethin' Bout You Baby I Like (album #36) (June); incl. Somethin' Bout You Baby I Like (with Rita Coolidge). Kim Carnes (1945-), More Love; cover of a 1967 Smokey Robinson and the Miracles song. The Jim Carroll Band, Catholic Boy (first album) (#73 in the U.S.); incl. People Who Died, It's Too Late. The Cars, Panorama (album #3) (Aug. 15); incl. Panorama. Felix Cavaliere (1944-), Only a Lonely Heart Sees (#36 in the U.S.). Raffi Cavoukian (1948-), Baby Beluga (album); incl. Baby Beluga - well bend my neck? Cher (1946-), Black Rose (album #17) (Aug. 21); sells 400K copies. Chic, Real People (album #4) (June 30); incl. Rebels Are We. Chicago, Chicago XIV (album #14) (July 21) (last with Columbia); a flop; incl. Thunder and Lightning. The Clash, Sandanista! (album #4) (triple album) (Dec. 12) (#24 in the U.S., #19 in the U.K.); incl. The Call Up (#40 in the U.K.), Hitsville UK (#56 in the U.K.), The Magnificent Seven (#34 in the U.K.). Climax Blues Band, Gotta Have More Love (#4 in the U.S.). Judy Collins (1939-), Running for My Life (album #15). Alice Cooper (1948-), Flush the Fashion (album #12) (Apr. 28); incl. Clones (We're All). Elvis Costello (1954-) and the Attractions, Get Happy!! (album #4); incl. I Can't Stand Up for Falling Down; Taking Liberties (album) (Nov.); Ten Bloody Mary & Ten How's Your Fathers (album) (Nov. 7). The Cramps, Songs the Lord Taught Us (album) (debut); from New York City, incl. Lux Interior (Erick Lee Lamphear-Purkhiser) (1946-2009) (vocals), Poison Ivy Rorschach (Kristy Marlana Wallace) (1953-) (guitar), Bryan Gregory (Greg Beckerleg), Julien Grindsnatch, Kid Congo Powers (Brian Tristan), Harry Dumdini/Pam Ballam (drums); incl. Fever. Seals and Crofts, The Longest Road (album #10). Blue Oyster Cult, Cultosaurus Erectus (album #8) (June); incl. Black Blade (lyrics by Michael Moorcock). The Cure, Seventeen Seconds (album #2) (Apr. 18) (#20 in the U.K.); incl. Three, A Forest. The Damned, The Black Album (album #4) (double album) (Oct.); incl. Wait for the Blackout, Lively Arts, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, The History of the World (Pt. 1). Steely Dan, Gaucho (album #7) (Nov. 21); Donald Fagen and Walter Becker go solo, reuniting in 1993; incl. Hey Nineteen, Time Out of Mind (features Mark Knopfler from Dire Straits on guitar). Mac Davis (1942-), It's Hard to Be Humble (album); incl. It's Hard to Be Humble, Let's Keep It That Way. Grateful Dead, Go to Heaven (album #11) (Apr. 28). Afternoon Delights, General Hospi-Tale (album); incl. General Hospi-Tale. John Denver (1943-97), Autograph (album) (Feb.); incl. Autograph; Rocky Mountain Reunion (album); incl. On the Wings of an Eagle. Devo, Freedom of Choice (album #3) (July 5); incl. Whip It (#14 in the U.S.); giant MTV video hit. Joy Division, Closer (album #2) (last album) (July 18); incl. Isolation, Heart and Soul; too bad, lead singer Ian Curtis (b. 1956) commits suicide by hanging on May 18, and the band reforms under the name New Order: Bernard Sumner (Dicken) (1956-) (vocals), Peter "Hooky" Hook (1956-) (bass), Gillian Lesley Gilbert (1961-) (keyboards), and Stephen Paul David Morris (1957-) (drums). Donovan (1946-), Neutronica (album #15) (Aug.); against military spending in a world filled with famine. Doobie Brothers, One Step Closer (album #9) (Sept. 17) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. Real Love (#5 in the U.S.). Tangerine Dream, Tangram (album #10) (May) (#36 in the U.K.); Pergamon (Quichotte) (album). Rick Dufay (1952-), Tender Loving Abuse (album) (debut); joins Aerosmith in 1981-4. Jacob Druckman (1928-96), Prism. Bob Dylan (1941-), Saved (album #20) (June 23); about his born-again Christianity; incl. Saved. Alton Ellis (1938-2008) and the Heptones, Mr. Ska Bean'a (album). Brian Eno and Jon Hasell, Fourth World Vol. 1/Possible Musics (album). Split Enz, True Colours (album #5) (Jan. 21); from New Zealand, formed in 1971; incl. Brian Timothy "Tim" Finn (1952-) (dark hair) and Cornelius Mullane "Neil" Finn (1958-) (light hair); incl. I Got You. Earth, Wind and Fire, Faces (album #10) (double album) (Oct. 14) (#10 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.)); last with Al McKay; incl. Let Me Talk (#44 in the U.S.), You (#48 in the U.S.), And Love Goes On (#59 in the U.S.), Sparkle. Foghat, Tight Shoes (album #9) (June). The Fools, Sold Out (album) (debut); from Boston, Mass.; incl. Life Sucks Then You Die. Foreigner, 4 (album #4) (July 2) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Urgent, Waiting for a Girl Like You, Juke Box Hero. Peter Frampton (1950-), Rise Up (album) (June 20); released in Brazil. Funkadelic, Connections & Disconnections (42.9%) (Who's a Funkadelic?) (album). Psychedelic Furs, Psychedelic Furs (album) (debut) (Feb.); from England, incl. Richard Lofthouse "Butler Rep" Butler (1956-) (vocals), Timothy George "Tim" Butler (195-) (bass), John Ashton (1957-) (guitar), Duncan Kilburn (sax), Paul Wilson/Vince Ely (drums), Roger Morris (guitar); incl. Sister Europe. Kool and the Gang, Celebrate! (album #14) (Sept. 29) (#10 in the U.S.); incl. Celebration (#1 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.). Leif Garrett (1961-), Can't Explain (album #4). J. Geils Band, Love Stinks (album #11) (Jan. 28) (#18 in the U.S.); originally Snoopy and the Sopwith Camels; from Worcester, Mass., incl. John Geils (1946-) (vocals, guitar), Peter Wolf (Blankfield) (1946-) (vocals), Danny "Dr. Funk" Klein (bass), Richard "Magic Dick" Salwitz (harmonica), Set Justman (keyboards), and Stephen Jo Bladd (drums); incl. Love Stinks (#38 in the U.S.), Come Back (#32 in the U.S.). Genesis, Duke (album #10) (Mar. 28); incl. Turn It On Again (#10 in the U.K.), Misunderstanding (#20 in the U.S.). Throbbing Gristle, Heathen Earth (album) (June). Merle Haggard (1937-2016), I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink. Merle Haggard (1937-2016) and Clint Eastwood (1930-), Bar Room Buddies; from "Bronco Billy". Van Halen, Women and Children First (album #3) (Mar. 26); incl. And the Cradle Will Rock.... Herbie Hancock (1940-), Monster (album #29); Mr. Hands (album #30). Roy Harper (1941-), The Unknown Soldier (album #10); last for EMI Harvest Records; incl. The Unknown Soldier, You (w/Kate Bush and David Gilmour). Emmylou Harris (1947-), Roses in the Snow (album); incl. Roses in the Snow. Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), And Once Again Talking Heads, Remain In Light (album #4) (Oct. 8) (#19 in the U.S., #21 in the U.K.); incl. Once in a Lifetime (#14 in the U.K.), Houses in Motion (#50 in the U.K.). Heart, Bebe le Strange (album #5) (Feb. 14) (#5 in the U.S.); incl. Bebe le Strange, Even It Up. Uriah Heep, Conquest (album #13); first with lead singer John Sloman, and sans drummer Lee Kerslake and songwriter Ken Hensley. Levon Helm (1940-), American Son (album) (solo debut); next album in 2007. INXS, INXS (album) (debut) (Oct. 13) (pr. "in excess"); from Australia, incl. Michael Hutchence (1960-97) (vocals), Garry Gary (William) Beers (1957-) (bass), Andrew Farriss (1959-) (keyboards), Jonathan James "Jon" Farriss (1961-) (drums), Timothy William "Tim" Farriss (1957-) (guitar), Kirk Pengilly (1958-) (sax); incl. On a Bus. Talking Heads, Remain in Light (album). Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 47 ("Walla Walla, Land of Many Waters"), Op. 348. Karel Husa (1921-), The Trojan Women (ballet). Janis Ian (1951-), You Are Love; from Kinji Fukasaku's 1980 film "Virus" (most expensive Japanese film to that time). Public Image Ltd., Paris au Printemps (first live album) (Nov. 14). Lipps Inc., Funkytown (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); "lip sync"; from Minneapolis, Minn., incl. Cynthia Maria Johnson (1949-) (lead vocals), Melanie Rosales, Margaret Cox, David Z (Rivkin) (1953-), and Steven Greenberg. The Isley Brothers, Go All the Way (album); incl. Don't Say Goodnight. La Toya Jackson (1956-), La Toya Jackson (album) (debut) (#116 in the U.S., #178 in the U.K.); incl. Night Time Lover (w/Michael Jackson), If You Feel the Funk. Millie Jackson (1944-), For Men Only (album #12); I Had to Say It (album #13); Live (album #14). The Jam, Sound Affects (album #5) (Nov. 28); incl. Start! (#1 in the U.K.), Pretty Green. Rick James (1948-2004), Garden of Love (album #4). Joan Jett (1958-), Joan Jett (album) (debut) (May 17); after 23 major labels reject it, she starts her own label Blackheart Records, becoming a first for a female performer. Billy Joel (1949-), Glass Houses (album #7) (Mar.) (#1 in the U.S.) (7M copies in the U.S.); incl. It's Still Rock & Roll to Me (first #1 U.S. song), You May Be Right, Close to the Borderline, Don't Ask Me Why. Elton John (1947-), Lady Samantha (album) (Oct. 13); 21 at 33 (album #14) (May 13); his 21st album (incl. live and compilation albums at age 33); incl. Little Jeannie (lyrics by Gary Osborne), Sartorial Eloquence. George Jones (1931-), He Stopped Loving Her Today; greatest country hit of all time? Grace Jones (1948-), Warm Leatherette (album #4); incl. Warm Leatherette. Journey, Departure (album #6) (Mar. 23); incl. Any Way You Want It; Dream, After Dream Soundtrack (album) (Dec. 10). Kansas, Audio-Visions (album #7) (Sept.). Dead Kennedys, Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables (album) (debut) (Sept.); from San Francisco, Calif., incl. Jello Biafra (Eric Reed Boucher) (1958-) (vocals), East Bay Ray (Raymond John Pepperell) (1958-) (guitar), Klaus Fluoride (Geoffrey Lyall) (1949-) (bass), 6025 (Carlos Cadona) (drums); incl. Holiday in Cambodia, Let's Lynch the Landlord, California Uber Alles, Kill the Poor. Chaka Khan (1953-), Naughty (album #2) (Mar. 26) (#43 in the U.S.); incl. Clouds, Get Ready, Get Set, Papillon (Hot Butterfly) (w/Luther Vandross, Cissy Houston, and Whitney Houston). Greg Kihn Band, Glass House Rock (album #3). The Kinks, One for the Road (album) (June 4). Kiss, Unmasked (album #8) (last) (May 20) (#35 in the U.S.); incl. Shandi (#47 in the U.S.). Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips, About Love (album). Barron Knights, The Topical Song; parody of Supertramp's "Logical Song" written by Robert Spring White. The Human League, Holiday '80 (album) (Apr.) (debut); incl. Being Boiled; Travelogue (The Human League Album) (album #2) (May); incl. Only After Dark (by Mick Ronson). Brenda Lee (1944-), Even Better (album) (Jan. 1); incl. Tell Me What It's Like; The Cowboy and the Dandy, Broken Trust (with the Oak Ridge Boys). John Lennon (1940-80) and Yoko Ono (1933-), Double Fantasy (album #8) (last album) (Nov. 17) (#1 ijn the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. Watching the Wheels, (Just Like) Starting Over, Beautiful Boy (written for their only son Sean Tara Ono Lennon, b. 1975), Walking on Thin Ice, Central Park Stroll, Kiss Kiss Kiss (featuring Yoko reaching orgasm, presumably with John). Def Leppard, On Through the Night (Mar. 14) (album) (debut); from Sheffield, England, who go on to sell 65M+ albums, incl. Joseph Thomas "Joe" Elliott (1959-) (vocals), Peter Andrew "Pete" Willis (1960-) / Philip Kenneth "Phil" Collen (1957-), Rick "Sav" Savage (1960-) (bass), Stephen Maynard "Steve" Clark (1960-91) (guitar), Anthony Rueben "Tony" Kenning/ Richard John Cyril "Rick" Allen (1963-) (drums), and Vivian Patrick Campbell (1962-) (guitar). Huey Lewis (1950-) and the News, Huey Lewis and The News (album) (debut) (June 25); formerly Huey Lewis and the American Express; incl. Some of My Lies Are True (Sooner or Later). Lipps Inc., Funkytown. Thin Lizzy, Chinatown (album #10) (Oct. 10). Professor Longhair (1918-80), Crawfish Fiesta (album) (posth.); incl. You're Driving Me Crazy. Loverboy, Loverboy (album) (debut) (Mar. 28) (3M copies); from Calgary, Alberta, Canada, incl. Mike Reno (vocals), Paul Dean (guitar), Scott Smith (bass), Doug Johnson (keyboards), and Matt Frenette (drums); released in Canada after every U.S. record co. turns them down; incl. Turn Me Loose, The Kid is Hot Tonight, Lady of the 80's. Iron Maiden, Iron Maiden (album) (debut) (Apr. 14) (#4 in the U.K.); named after the Alexandre Dumas pere novel "The Man in the Iron Mask"; from Leyton, London, England, incl. Stephen Percy "Steve" Harris (1956-) (bass), Paul Mario Day (1956-)/ Dennis Wilcock (vocals), David Michael "Dave" Murray (1956-) (guitar), and Doug Sampson (1957-) (drums); the band mascot is Edward the Head (Eddie the 'Edd); incl. Iron Maiden, Sanctuary, Phantom of the Opera, Running Free; Live!!+one (album) (Nov.); recorded at the Marquee Club in London on July 4. Barry Manilow (1943-), Barry (album #7) (Nov. 19); incl. I Made It Through the Rain. Benny Mardones (1946-), Never Run, Never Hide (album) (#65 in the U.S.); incl. Into the Night (#11 in the U.S.); reaches #20 in July 1989, setting a record of 37 weeks on the Billboard-200 chart, vs. 36 weeks for Laura Branigan's "Gloria". Bob Marley (1945-81), Uprising (album) (last during his lifetime) (June 10); devoted to his Rastafarian beliefs; incl. Redemption Song ("Emancipate yourself from mental slavery/ None but ourselves can free our minds"), Zion Train, Could You Be Loved, Forever Loving Jah. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Something to Believe In (album #13); incl. Something to Believe In, The Right Combination/Rapping (album #14) (with Linda Clifford); incl. Rock You to Your Socks. Paul McCartney (1942-), McCartney II (album #3) (May 16); incl. Coming Up, Temporary Secretary, Waterfalls. Reba McEntire (1955-), Feel the Fire (album #3) (Oct.); incl. You Lift Me Up (To Heaven) (first top-10 country hit). Roger McGuinn (1942-), Chris Hillman (1944-), and Gene Clark (1944-91), City (album). John Cougar Mellencamp (1951-), Nothin' Matters and What If It Did (album #5); incl. To M.G. (Wherever She May Be). Stephanie Mills (1957-), Sweet Sensation (album); incl. Sweet Sensation, Never Knew Love Like This Before. Ronnie Milsap (1943-), Cowboys and Clowns (#103 in the U.S.); from the film "Bronco Billy"; Smoky Mountain Rain (Sept.) (#1 country) (#24 in the U.S.). Joni Mitchell (1943-), Shadows and Light (double album); incl. Why Do Fools Fall in Love. Eddie Money (1949-), Playing for Keeps (album #3) (July); incl. Get a Move On, Trinidad. Van Morrison (1945-), Common One (album #12) (Aug.); incl. Summertime in England. The Motels, Careful (album); incl. Danger. Motorhead, The Golden Year (album) (May 3) (#8 in the U.K.); Ace of Spades (album #4) (Nov. 8) (#4 in the U.K); incl. Ace of Spades (#15 in the U.K.). Anne Murray (1945-), Somebody's Waiting (album #15) (Mar.); incl. I'm Happy Just to Dance With You; A Country Collection; Anne Murray's Greatest Hits (album) (Nov.); incl. Could I Have This Dance (from "Urban Cowboy"). Roxy Music, Flesh and Blood (album #7) (#1 in the U.K.) (June); incl. In the Midnight Hour, Same Old Scene; Jealous Guy (only #1 single in the U.K.) (tribute to John Lennon, from his 1972 "Imagine" album). Crosby, Stills, & Nash Replay (album) (Dec. 8). Graham Nash (1942-), Earth & Sky (album #3) (Feb. 15). Willie Nelson (1933-), Honeysuckle Rose (album); incl. On the Road Again, Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain, Loving You Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again) (w/Dyan Cannon). Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022) and the ELO, Xanadu Soundtrack (album) (Oct. 13) (#4 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.) (2M copies); incl. Xanadu, Magic, Suddenly (with Cliff Richard); I'm Alive, All Over the World, Don't Walk Away. Luigi Nono (1924-90), Fragmente-Stille an Diotima; Das Atmende Klarsein (1981-2). Gary Numan (1958-), Telekon (album #2) (Sept. 5) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Telekon, This Wreckage, We Are Glass, I Die, You Die. Laura Nyro (1947-97), Impressions (album). Hall & Oates, Voices (album #9) (July 29); incl. Kiss on My List (#1 in the U.S.), You Make My Dreams (Come True) (#5 in the U.S.), You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling (#12 in the U.S.). Midnight Oil, Bird Noises (album #3); incl. Wedding Cake Island. Oingo Boingo, Oingo Boingo (EP) (debut) (Sept. 17); founded 1972; originally The Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo; from LA, incl. Daniel Robert "Danny" Elfman (1953-); incl. Ain't This the Life, Only A Lad, I'm So Bad. OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark), Orchestral Manouvres in the Dark (album) (debut) Feb. 22); from Wirral Peninsla, England, incl. George Andrew "Andy" McCluskey (1959-) and Paul David Humphreys (1960-); incl. Electricity, Red Frame/White Light; Organisation (album #2) (Oct. 24); incl. Enola Gay, Stanlow. Yoko Ono (1933-), Walking on Thin Ice (album); incl. Walking on Thin Ice (for John), Woman Power, Yang Yang. Roy Orbison and Emmylou Harris (1947-), That Lovin' You Feelin' Again (July). Ozzy Osbourne (1948-), Blizzard of Oz (album) (Sept. 20) (solo debut); incl. Crazy Train. The Outlaws, Ghost Riders (album); incl. (Ghost) Riders in the Sky. Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Clues (album #6) (#31 in the U.K., #59 in the U.S.); incl. Johnny and Mary. Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), TP (album #5) (July 25) (#14 in the U.S.); incl. Can't We Try, Love T.K.O. Humble Pie, On to Victory (album #11) (Apr.); incl. Fool for a Pretty Face. Black Sabbath, Heaven and Hell (album #9) (Apr. 25) (#28 in the U.S.); first with keyboardist Geoffrey James "Geoff" Nicholls (1948-2017); incl. Heaven and Hell, Children of the Sea, Neon Knights, Die Young. Pointer Sisters, Special Things (album #7) (#34 in the U.S.); incl. He's So Shy, The Love Too Good to Last. The Police, Zenyatta Mondatta (album #3) (Oct. 3); incl. Don't Stand So Close to Me" (inspired by Vladimir Nabokov's novel "Lolita"), De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da, Behind My Camel. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Civilized Evil (album) (Sept. 19). Iggy Pop (1947-), Soldier (album) (Feb.). The Pretenders, The Pretenders (album) (debut) (Jan. 19); Christine Ellen "Chrissie" Hynde (1951-) (vocals); incl. Brass in Pocket. Judas Priest, British Steel (album #6) (Apr. 14) (#34 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); recorded at John Lennon's home at Tittenhurst Park; incl. Breaking the Law, Living After Midnight, United. Prince (1958-2016), Dirty Mind (album #3) (Oct. 8); incl. "When You Were Mine", "Head" (oral sex with a bride-to-be), "Sister" (incest), Uptown (a world free of prejudice). Pure Prairie League, Firin' Up (album #9) (#37 in the U.S.); incl. Let Me Love You Tonight (#10 in the U.S.). Queen, The Game (album #8) (June 30) (#1 in the U.S.) (4M copies); first album without the note "No Synthesizers were used on this Album"; first album to top the Billboard rock, dance and R&B charts simultaneously; incl. Another One Bites the Dust, Crazy Little Thing Called Love, Need Your Loving Tonight, Dragon Attack, Play the Game; Flash Gordon Soundtrack (album) (Dec. 8). Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), Horizon (album #6) (June 20) (#19 in the U.S.); incl. Drivin' My Life Away (#5 in the U.S.), I Love a Rainy Night (#1 in the U.S.). Gerry Rafferty (1947-2011), Snakes and Ladders (album #4). Ramones, End of the Century (album #5) (Feb. 4); first produced by Phil Spector (1939-), who during the recording session pulls a gun on Dee Dee Ramone to force him to play a riff repeatedly?; incl. Baby, I Love You, Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?, Rock 'n' Roll High School. Lou Reed (1942-), Growing Up in Public (album #10) (Apr.); incl. Growing Up in Public. Martha Reeves (1941-), Gotta Keep Moving (album); incl. Gotta Keep Moving. Little River Band, Backstage Pass (double album). Rockpile, Seconds of Pleasure (album). Kenny Rogers (1938-), Gideon (album #8); incl. Don't Fall in Love With a Dreamer (w/Kim Carnes); Greatest Hits (album). Kenny Rogers (1938-) and Kim Carnes (1945-), Don't Fall in Love with a Dreamer. The Romantics, The Romantics (album) (debut) (Jan. 4); from Detroit, Mich., incl. Wally Palmar (vocals), Mike Skill (guitar), Rich Cole (bass), Jimmy Marinos (drums); incl. What I Like About You; National Breakout (album #2) (Dec.). Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Mad Love (album #10); incl. Mad Love, Hurt So Bad. Diana Ross (1944-), Upside Down. Dexys Midnight Runners, Geno (May) (#1 in the U.K.); from Birmingham, England, incl. Kevin Rowland (1953-) and Kevin "Al" Archer of the Killjoys; named after the popular drug Dexedrine that lets them dance all night. The Runaways, Flaming Schoolgirls (album #4) (last album); incl. Blackmail. Rush, Permanent Waves (album #7) (Jan. 1); incl. The Spirit of Radio, Freewill, Jacob's Ladder, Entre Nous. Black Sabbath, Heaven and Hell (album #9) (Apr. 25); first after Ozzy Osbourne (1948-) was fired in 1979 and replaced by Ronnie James Dio (Ronald James Padavona) (1942-); popularizes the Satanic mano cornuta hand gesture; incl. Neon Knights, Children of the Sea, Heaven and Hell, Die Young; Live at Last (album) (bootleg); causes them in 1982 to release Live Evil (album); Ronnie James Dio is fired for sneaking into the studio to increase the volume on his vocals? Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Journey to the One (album); incl. Yemenja. Saxon, Wheels of Steel (album); incl. Wheels of Steel, Freeway Mad, 747 (Strangers in the Night); The Strong Arm of the Law (album); incl. Strong Arm of the Law. Boz Scaggs (1944-), Middle Man (album #9) (Apr.) (#8 in the U.S.); incl. Breakdown Dead Ahead (#15 in the U.S.), Jojo (#17 in the U.S.); Hits! (album). The Scorpions, Animal Magnetism (album #7) (Mar. 31); incl. Animal Magnetism, The Zoo, Make It Real. Bob Seger (1945-) and the Silver Bullet Band, Against the Wind (album #11) (Feb. 25) (#1 in the U.S.); knocks Pink Floyd's "The Wall" from the #1 spot and spends six weeks on the Billboard Top LPs chart; it incl. Fire Lake (#6 in the U.S.), Against the Wind (#5 in the U.S.). Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Concerto for Orchestra (Pulitzer Prize); Duo for Violin and Violoncello. The Shadows, (Ghost) Riders in the Sky (#12 in the U.K.). Carly Simon (1945-), Come Upstairs (album) (June); incl. Come Upstairs, Jesse. Siouxsie and the Banshees, Israel (Nov. 28) (#41 in the U.K.). Sister Sledge, Love Somebody Today (album #4); incl. Got to Love Somebody (#64 in the U.S., #34 in the U.K.), Pretty Baby, Reach Your Peak, Let's Go On Vacation. The Slits, The Slits (album #2) (May). The Smithereens, Girls About Town (album) (debut); from Carteret, N.J., incl. Pat DiNizio (1955-) (vocals), Jim Babjak (1957-) (guitar), Mike Mesaros (bass), and Dennis Diken (1957-) (drums), all from the 1975 class of Carteret High School in N.J., featuring their "Beatles meets AC/DC" sound. REO Speedwagon, Hi Infidelity (album #9) (Nov. 21); biggest selling rock album of 1981 (10M copies); incl. Keep On Loving You (first #1 U.S. hit), Take It On the Run (#5 in the U.S.). Spizzenergi, Do a Runner (Athletico Spizz '80) (album) (debut) (July); from West Midlands, England, incl. Kenneth "Spizz" Spiers, Pete Petrol, Mark Coalfield, Jim Solar, Clive Parker; first band to sign with Rough Trade Records; first to to the new U.K. Indie Chart. Bruce Springsteen (1949-), The River (album #8) (double album) (Oct. 7); incl. The River, Hungry Heart (#5 in the U.S.), The Ties That Bind, Independence Day, Out in the Street. Status Quo, Just Supposin' (album #13) (Oct.); incl. What You're Proposing, Lies, Don't Drive My Car. Ray Stevens (1939-), Shriner's Convention (album); incl. Shriner's Convention. Al Stewart (1945-), Live/Indian Summer (album #10) (double album) (Sept.). Michael Stewart (1924-87), Mark Bramble (1950-), Al Dubin, and Harry Warren, 42nd Street (musical) (Aug. 25) (Winter Garden Theatre, New York) (3,486 perf.); based on the 1932 Bradford Ropes novel and the 1933 film screenplay by Rian James, James Seymour, and Whitney Bolton, about dictatorial Great White Way dir. Julian Marsh during the Great Depression; first movie musical adapted for the stage since the 1974 flop "Gigi"; features the songs "Keep Young and Beautiful", "Lullaby of Broadway", "Shuffle Off to Buffalo", and "Forty-Second Street". Rod Stewart (1945-), Foolish Behaviour (album #10) (Nov. 21); incl. She Won't Dance With Me (3rd video played by MTV on its Aug. 1, 1981 debut, incl. the word "fuck"), Passion, My Girl, Oh God, I Wish I Was Home Tonight. Rolling Stones, Emotional Rescue (album #17) (June 20) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); incl. Emotional Rescue, Send It to Me, She's So Cold, All About You. Dire Straits, Making Movies (album #3) (Oct. 7) (#19 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.) (6M copies); incl. Tunnel of Love (#54 in the U.K.), Romeo and Juliet (#8 in the U.K.), Skateaway (#58 in the U.S., #37 in the U.K.), Solid Rock. Donna Summer (1948-2012), The Wanderer (album #9) (Oct. 20); incl. The Wanderer. Supertramp, Paris (album) (Sept.). Air Supply, Lost in Love (album #5) (#22 in the U.S.); sells 3M copies, making them internat. stars; incl. the tracks Lost in Love (#3 in the U.S.), All Out of Love (#2 in the U.S.), Every Woman in the World (#5 in the U.S.). Survivor, Survivor (album) (debut); formerly the Jim Peterik Band; from Chicago, Ill.; from Chicago, Ill., incl. Dave Bickler (1953-) (vocals) (likes to wear a beret), Frankie M. Sullivan III (1955-) (guitar), Jim Peterik (1950-) (keyboards), Stephan Ellis (bass), and Marc Droubay (drums); incl. Somewhere in America. Livingston Taylor (1950-), Man's Best Friend (album #5); incl. First Time Love, Pajamas (I've Got My Pajamas On). Pretty Things, Cross Talk (album #9). George Thorogood (1950-) and the Destroyers, More George Thorogood and the Destroyers (album #4) (Oct.) (#68 in the U.S.). Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), The Mask of Time (oratorio). David Del Tredici (1937-), In Memory of a Summer Day ("Child Alice", Pt. 1) (Pulitzer Prize). Cheap Trick, All Shook Up (album #5) (Oct. 24); produced by George Martin. Andrea True (1943-), War Machine (album #3) (last album). Jethro Tull, A (album #13) (Aug. 29). U2, Boy (album) (debut) (Oct.) (#63 in the U.S., #52 in the U.K.); about adolescence; from Dublin, Ireland, incl. Bono Vox (Paul David Hewson) (1960-) (vocals), The Edge (David Howell Evans) (1961-) (guitar), Adam Clayton (bass), Lawrence Joseph "Larry" Mullen Jr. (1961-) (drums); they go on to sell 145M albums by 2009; incl. 11 O'Clock Tick Tock, I Will Follow. The Undertones, Hypnotised (album #2) (#6 in the U.K.); incl. My Perfect Cousin (#9 in the U.K.), Wednesday Week (#11 in the U.K.). Vangelis (1943-), See You Later (album). The Vapors, New Clear Days (album); (debut) (June); David Fenton (vocals), Howard Smith (drums), Edward Bazalgette (guitar), and Steve Smith (bass); incl. Turning Japanese (#36 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); named for the faces made during masturbation? Various Artists, Concerts for the People of Kampuchea (album) (Mar. 31); features The Clash, Elvis Costello, The Pretenders, The Who, Queen, Paul McCartney and Wings et al. Various Artists, Urban Cowboy Soundtrack (album) (#3 in the U.S.) (#1 country); incl. Lookin' for Love by Johnny Lee, Stand by Me by Mickey Gilley, The Devil Went Down to Georgia by the Charlie Daniels Band, Look What You've Done to Me by Boz Scaggs, Hearts Against the Wind (written by J.D. Souther) by Linda Ronstadt and J.D. Souther, Could I Have This Dance by Anne Murray, Love the World Away by Kenny Rogers. The Ventures, Chameleon (album). Wall of Voodoo, Wall of Voodoo (The Index Masters) (album) (debut); named after Phil Spector's Wall of Sound; from LA, incl. Stan Ridgeway/Andy Prieboy (vocals), Marc Moreland (guitar), Bruce Moreland (bass), Chas T. Gray (keyboards), and Joe Nanini/ Ned Leukhardt (drums); incl. Ring of Fire (by Johnny Cash). Grover Washington Jr. (1943-99) and Bill Withers (1938-), Winelight (June); incl. Just the Two of Us (#2 in the U.S.). Whitesnake, Live at Hammersmith (album) (Mar.); Ready an' Willing (album #4) (May 31); incl. Ready an' Willing, Fool for Your Loving; Live... in the Heart of the City (double album) (Nov. 1); incl. Ain't No Love in the Heart of the City. Malcolm Williamson (1931-2003), Lament in Memory of Lord Mountbatten of Burma. Steve Winwood (1948-), Arc of a Diver (album #2) (Dec. 31) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. While You See a Chance (#7 in the U.S.). Stevie Wonder (1950-), Hotter Than July (album #19) (Sept. 29) (#3 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. Master Blaster (Jammin) (#5 in the U.S.), I Ain't Gonna Stand for It (#11 in the U.S.), Lately (#64 in the U.S.), Happy Birthday (#2 in the U.K.). Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Starting Over; He Was There (When I Needed You). XTC, Black Sea (album #4) (Sept. 12) (#16 in the U.K.); incl. Generals and Majors (#104 in the U.S., #32 in the U.K.), Tower of London (#31 in the U.K.), Sgt. Rock (Is Going to Help Me) (#16 in the U.K.). Yello, Solid Pleasure (album) (debut); a yelled hello; from Switzerland, incl. Dieter Meier (1945-), Boris Blank (1952-), and Carlos Peron (1952-), who founds the TRANCETRONIC studio in Zurich with Blank; incl. Bimbo. Yes, Drama (album #10) (Aug. 22); sans Jon Anderson; incl. Machine Messiah; Yesshows (album) (Dec. 19). Neil Young (1945-), Hawks & Doves (album) (Nov.); incl. Hawks & Doves. Movies: U.S. movies go on a decade-long fling of exploring America's self-destruction, without ever really meaning it? Jerry Zucker's, David Zucker's, and Jim Abrahams' Airplane! (July 2) makes a comic star of Leslie Nielsen, who plays Dr. Rumack; Peter Graves plays Capt. Oveur, Lloyd Bridges plays McCroskey, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar plays Murdock; feature film debut of Julie Hagerty; "Disaster Movie Queen" singer Maureen McGovern plays Sister Angela the singing nun; "Surely you're not serious - I'm serious, and don't call me Shirley." Ken Russell's Altered States (Dec. 25) (Warner Bros.), based on the 1978 Paddy Chayefsky novel about the work of LSD/ketamine isolation tank research of John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001) stirs, er, stars William Hurt (1950-) in his film debut as acid-zonked isolation tank psychoresearcher Edward "Eddie" Jessup, who undergoes an Ayahuasca ceremony in Mexico with Banisteriopsis caapi root, reverses his own evolution, and has cosmic sex with wife Emily Jessup (Blair Brown); also stars Bob Balaban; also the film debut of Drew Barrymore; score by John Corigliano, who loses the Oscar for sound to "The Empire Strikes Back"; dir. William Penn, SFX man John Dykstra, and screenwriter Paddy C. all end up leaving the project; does $19.9M box office on a $15M budget - must have gone outta their minds? Paul Schrader's American Gigolo (Feb. 8) (Paramount Pictures) makes a superstar of Richard Gere as Beverly Hills boyface midnight cowboy milkshake machine Julian Kaye, who really gets babes instead of male porno theater BJs like Jon Voight in "Midnight Cowboy", but does it for money with old bags, only to get framed for murder; first major Hollywood actor to appear frontally nude in a film; Gere takes the role because of its gay subtext; co-stars gap-toothed Lauren Hutton as politican's wife Michelle Stratton (after Julie Christie and Meryl Streep turn it down); Nina van Pallandt plays client Anne; Hector Elizondo plays LAPD Det. Sunday; does $22.7M box office on a $4.8M budget; makes a hit of Giorgio Armani designer clothes; features the song Call Me by Blondie, with help from songwriter Giorgio Moroder. (Feb. 8) (Paramount Pictures) stars Richard Gere (after Christopher Reeve and John Travolta turn it down) as Beverly Hills boyface midnight cowboy milkshake machine Julian Kaye, who really gets babes instead of male porno theater BJs like Jon Voight in "Midnight Cowboy", only to get framed for murder; first major Hollywood actor to appear frontally nude in a film; co-stars gap-toothed babe Michelle Stratton (Lauren Hutton, after Julie Christie and Meryl Streep turn it down); does $22.7M box office on a $4.8M budget; makes a hit of Giorgio Armani designer clothes; features the song Call Me by Blondie, with help from songwriter Giorgio Moroder. Louis Malle's Atlantic City (Apr. 3) stars Burt Lancaster as over-the-hill small time gangster Lou, who is looking for his bucket list, and Susan Sarandon as casino food worker Sally, who washes her hands with lemons to get the fish smell off, which he watches through the window, turning him on and spurring him to pull his big caper. Nicolas Roeg's Bad Timing: A Sensual Obsession (Oct.), writen by Yale Udoff stars Art Garfunkel as Alex Linden psych prof., and Theresa Russell as Milena Flaherty, who ODs in Vienna, bringing in Inspector Netusil (Harvey Keitel). Rainer Werner Fassbinder's 15.5-hour Berlin Alexanderplatz (Aug. 28) stars Gunter Lamprecht as Franz Biberkopf. Samuel Fuller's The Big Red One (May 28) stars Lee Marvin as the leader of a 4-man rifle squad in the U.S. Army's famous First Infantry Div. in WWII, and is semi-autobio. Roger Corman's Bloody Mama (Mar. 24), based on the 1939 bestseller "No Orchids for Miss Blandish" by James Hadley Chase stars Shelley Winters as Ba Barker, stoking her questionable rep as a corrupt gang boss riding on her kids; Robert De Niro plays Lloyd Barker. Brian De Palma's Blow Out (July 24), a ripoff of the 1966 Michelangelo Antonioni film "Blow Up" stars John Travolta as Philly movie technician who captures audio evidence of a political assassination, rescuing Sally Bedina (Nancy Alen) only to be stalked by Burke AKA the Liberty Bell Strangler (John Lithgow), ending in a Hitchcockian scene during the Liberty Day Parade; too bad, despite good reviews its sad ending gives it bad word of mouth, and it only does $13.7M box office on an $8M budget. Randal Kleiser's The Blue Lagoon (June 20) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1908 Henry De Vere Stacpoole novel about two children marooned on a tropical South Sea island and falling in organ, er, love stars hot young teenies Brooke Shields and Christopher Atkins, with a musical score by Basil Poledouris; does $58.8M box office on a $4.5M budget. John Landis' The Blues Brothers (June 20) (Universal Pictures) stars John Belushi as Joliet Jake Blues, who gets out of Joliet Prison in Ill. and decides to put together his old blues band to save the Roman Catholic home where he and his brother Elwood Blues (Dan Aykroyd) were raised; features a ton of great blues numbers by Cab Calloway (as Curtis), who sings Minnie the Moocher, John Lee Hooker, who sings Boom Boom, James Brown (as Rev. Cleophus James), who sings The Old Landmark, Ray Charles (of Ray's Music Exchange in Calumet City), who sings Shake your Tail Feather, and Aretha Franklin (as Mrs. Murphy), who sings Think, and Respect; Carrie Fisher plays a mystery woman; the Blues Brothers Band incl. Steve "the Colonel" Cropper, Donald "Duck" Dunn, Murphy "Murph" Dunne, Willie "Too Big" Hall, Tom "Bones" Malone, "Blue Lou" Marini, Matt "Guitar" Murphy, and Alan "Mr. Fabulous" Rubin, who perform Rawhide, Stand By Your Man, Sweet Home Chicago, Everybody Needs Somebody to Love, and Jailhouse Rock; does $115M box office on a $30M budget; followed by "Blues Brothers 2000" (1998); on June 18, 2010 the Vatican anoints it as a film with a true Catholic message. Bruce Beresford's Breaker Morant (Mar. 15, based on the 1978 Kenneth G. Ross play about three Australian soldiers in the South African Boer War who are court-martialed in 1902 as scapegoats for the British high command; stars Edward Woodward as Lt. Harry "Breaker" Morant, Bryan Brown as Lt. Peter Handcock, Lewis Fitz-Gerald as Lt. George Ramsdale Witton, and Jack Thompson as their green atty. Maj. J.F. Thomas; its success heralds Australia's film renaissance; does $4.7M box office on an $8M budget. Clint Eastwood's Bronco Billy (June 11) (Warner Bros.) stars Eastwood as seedy traveling circus star Bronco Billy McCoy, "the fastest gun in the West", who hires runaway heiress Antoinette Lily (Sondra Locke), who is being chased by wannabe hubby John Arlington (Geoffrey Lewis); does $24.2M box office on a $6.5M budget. Harold Ramis' Caddyshack (July 25) (Orion Pictures) (Warner Bros.), written by Ramis (his dir. debut), Brian Doyle-Murray (brother of Bill Murray), and "National Lampoon" co-founder Douglas C. Kenney based on the Indian Hill Club in Winnetka, Ill. stars Chevy Chase as Ty Webb, Bill Murray as Carl Spackler, Rodney Dangerfield as Al Czervik, Michael O'Keefe as Danny Noonan, Brian Doyle-Murray as Lou Loomis, and Ted Knight as Judge Elihu Smalls; Murray and Chase had a longstanding feud going back to their days on "Saturday Night Live", and never appear in a film together again; "Some people just don't belong"; filmed at the Boca Raton Hotel and Club in Boca Raton, Fla. and the Rolling Hills Club in Davie, Fla., which doubles for the Midwest because it doesn't have palm trees; the gopher is a puppet operated by John Dykstra; a Baby Ruth candy bar thrown into the swimming pool; Czervik hits Judge Smalls in the groin with a golf ball; on-set cocaine usage is "the fuel that kept the film running" (Peter Berkrot); after opening to poor reviews, becoming a hit only in Denmark, causing Ramis to call it "a $6M scholarship ' to film school", it grosses $39.8M in the U.S. on a $6M budget, spawning the 1988 sequel "Caddyshack II"; Tiger Woods later becomes a fan; too bad, Kenney takes it hard, and commits suicide in Hawaii by jumping off a cliff. Ruggero Deodato's Cannibal Holocaust (Feb. 7) (United Artists) is an English-speaking Italian horror film about an Am. film crew who are sent to the Amazon rainforest to film a documentary about cannibal tribes, and end up becoming dinner; does $2M box office on a $100K budget after getting banned in Italy, Australia and several other countries for graphic content and animal cruelty, and Deodata gets arrested for obscenity and murder, making it more popular?; Michael Apted's Coal Miner's Daughter (Mar. 7) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1976 autobio. stars Sissy Spacek as country music star Loretta Lynn, and Tommy Lee Jones as her hubby "Mooney" Lynn, becoming the first in a string of movie hits by English dir. Michael Apted (1941-); "The Band" lead singer-drummer Levon Helm plays Loretta's father; features Spacek singing Coal Miner's Daughter (w/Levon Helm); Beverly D'Angelo plays Patsy Cline; does $67M box office on a $15M budget. Diane Kurys' Cocktail Molotov. Krzystzof Zanussi's The Contract (Oct.) stars Leslie Caron as Penelope and Maja Komorowska as Adams' wife Dorota. Michael Ritchie's Divine Madness! (Sept. 13) stars "the Divine Miss M" Bette Midler (1945-). Brian De Palma's Dressed to Kill (July 25) stars Angie Dickinson as Kate Miller, who cheats on her impotent hubby with a stranger with VD and ends up murdered by a tall blonde woman wearing sunglasses, who chases the only witness, hi-priced ho Liz Blake (Nancy Allen); Michael Caine plays Miller's pshrink Dr. Robert Elliott. Anthony Harvey's Eagle Wing (May 1) stars Martin Sheen as Pike, who chases Indian White Bull (Sam Waterston) to recover his magnificent white stallion; the fact that he's also carrying a blonde white babe (Stephan Audran) with him doesn't matter? John Huston's Escape to Victory (July 30) (Lorimar) (Paramount Pictures) stars Sylvester Stallone and Michael Caine as Allied POWs Capt. Robert Hatc and Capt. John Colby in WWII, who play an exhibition soccer match against the Germans at the Colombes Stadium, using the Parisian sewers to escape; features an appearance by soccer stars Pele, Bobby Moore, Osvaldo Ardiles, Kazimierz Deyna, Paul Van Himst, Mike Summerbee, Hailvar Thoresen, and Werner Roth; does $27.5M box office on a $10M budget. David Lynch's The Elephant Man (Oct. 10) (B&W) stars John Hurt as John Merrick, with great makeup by Wally Schneiderman; also stars Anthony Hopkins; Lynch's first major film. Alan Parker's Fame (May 16), about a group of students at the New York High School of Performing Arts; the title song Fame is sung by Irene Cara (1959-). Don Taylor's The Final Countdown (Aug. 1) stars Kirk Douglas, Martin Sheen, and James Farentino in a sci-flick about a U.S. aircraft carrier that time-travels back one day before the Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor attack and takes on the Japs; filmed aboard USS Nimitz; brings in $16.6M on a $12M budget. Mike Hodges' Flash Gordon (Dec. 5), based on the Alex Raymond comic stars Sam J. Jones as Flash, Melody Anderson as Dale Arden, Topol as Dr. Hans Zarkov, and Max von Sydow as Emperor Ming the Merciless; features a great soundtrack by Queen. Adrian Lyne's Foxes (Feb. 29) (Lyne's dir. debut) is about a group of friends enjoying drugs, sex, and rock & roll in the San Fernando Valley, incl. Jodie Foster (as Jeanie), Cherie Currie (as Annie), and Marilyn Kagan (as Madge). Sean S. Cunningham's Friday the 13th (May 9) (Paramount Pictures) (Warner Bros.) introduces undead hockey-masked slasher Jason Vorhees (Ari Lehman) having fun at Camp Crystal Lake in N.J. with six counselors trying to reopen it 20 years after "accidental" deaths close it; SFX by Tom Savini; does $59.8M box office on a $550K budget; spawns a seemingly endless series of sequels, incl. "Friday the 13th Part 2" (1981), "Friday the 13th Part III" (1982), "Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter" (1984), "Friday the 13th: A New Beginning" (1985), "Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives" (1986), "Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood" (1988), "Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan" (1989), "Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday" (1993), "Jason X" (2001), "Freddy vs. Jason" (2003), "Friday the 13th" (2009); also spawns "Jason Voorhees v. Michael Myers" (2015); Auburn, Calif.-born Kane Warren Holder (1954-) plays Jason in four movies from Part VII to Jason X; Ingmar Bergman's BW From the Life of the Marionettes (Aus dem Leben der Marionetten) (Nov. 3) (title taken from Carlo Collodi's "The Adventures of Pinocchio") stars Robert Atzorn as Peter Egermann, and Christine Buchegger as Katarine Egerman as a feuding couple in Munich whose marriage disintegrates. Mike Nichols' Gilda Live stars Gilda Radner doing Saturday Night Live skits, incl. as Candy Slice, burping her way through Gimme Mick. Julien Temple's The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle (May 15) is a mockumentary about the British punk gang the Sex Pistols, who broke up in Jan. 1978. Micheline Lanctot's The Handyman (L'Homme a Tout Faire) stars ? as a man with a low self-image who can do anything with his hands but can't get women, and finally hooks up with the wrong one. James L. Conway's Hangar-18 (July) is about a UFO coverup after a Space Shuttle incident with an alien craft, causing scientists Steve Bancroft (Gary Collins) and Lew Price (James Hampton) to be targeted by the govt. Michael Cimino's Heaven's Gate (Nov. 19), an anti-Western about the 1890s Johnston County War in Wyo. stars Kris Kristofferson, Christopher Walken, John Hurt, Sam Waterston, and Brad Dourif. Armand Mastroianni's He Knows You're Alone (Blood Wedding) (Aug. 29), a clone of "Halloween" (1978) stars Caitlin O'Heaney, Don Scardino, and Paul Gleason, and is the film debut of Thomas Jeffrey "Tom" Hanks (1956-); does $4.88M box office on a $250K budget. Jerry Schatzberg's Honeysuckle Rose (July 18), based on a story by Gustaf Molander stars Willie Nelson as Buck Bonham, and Dyan Cannon as Viv Bonham. John Schlesinger's Honky Tonk Freeway (Aug. 21), about the trouble caused by a govt. freeway being built near who-cares Ticlaw, Fla. is a giant flop, grossing $2M on a $24M budget, and causing Schlesinger's once brilliant career to tank. Mark Stouffer's John Denver's Rocky Mountain Reunion (Apr.) is a documentary about you know what. Akira Kurosawa's Kagemusha (The Phantom Samurai) (Oct. 6) stars Tatsuya Nakadai as poor thief Kagemusha, who is hired to impersonate dead warlord Shingen Takeda in 1972, and ends up making peace with his spirit. Rainer Werner Fassbinder's Lili Marleen stars Hanna Schygulla and Giancarlo Giannini. John Mackenzie's The Long Good Friday (Nov.) (Black Lion Films) (HandMade Films) stars Robert William "Bob" Hoskins (1942-2014) in his breakthrough role as London gang boss Harold Shand, who tries to get the Am. Mafia to build a casino in the London Docklands, and gets in a bloody gang war with the IRA; Hellen Mirren plays Harold's partner Victoria. Walter Hill's The Long Riders (May 16), about the Jesse James (James Keach) and Cole Younger (David Carradine) gangs of rebel Mo. stars four Hollywood brother-actor teams (Stacy and James Keach, Randy and Dennis Quaid, David, Keith, and Robert Carradine, and Christopher and Nicholas Guest) to a cool Ry Cooder score. Maurice Pialat's Loulou (Sept. 3) stars Gerard Derpardieu as unemployed bum Loulou, whom bourgeois babe Nelly (Isabelle Huppert) abandons all for. Robert Sickinger's Love in a Taxi stars Diane Sommerfield as Carine, and James H. "Jim" Jacobs as Sam. Jonathan Demme's Melvin and Howard (Sept. 19), written by Bo Goldman stars Paul Le Mat as gas station owner Melvin Dummar, who picks up hitchhiking Howard Hughes (Jason Robards Jr.), and ends up in his will, but can't prove it in court. Alain Resnais' Mon Oncle d'Amerique (May 21) features three stories selected by Prof. Henri Laborit to illustrate his behaviorist theories, and stars Gerard Depardieu as Rene Ragueneau, Nicole Garcia as Janine Garnier, and Roger Pierre as Jean Le Gall. Alexei Batalov's Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears (Mosfilm) (Feb. 11) wins the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film, and is watched by Pres. Reagan before meeting with Mikhail Gorbachev to better understand the Russkies. Colin Higgins' 9 to 5 (Nine to Five) (Dec. 19) (20th Cent. Fox), written by Patricia Resnick and Colin Higgins stars Dolly Parton, Lily Tomlin, and Jane Fonda as secys. whose sexist boss Dabney Coleman lets them humorously enact the women's libber dream of ganging up and 'getting' him; does $103M box office on a $10M budget, incl. $3M on the opening weekend; features Dolly's hit song 9 to 5 (#1 in the U.S.), which she allegedly writes on the set by typing on her fingernails. William Peter Blatty's The Ninth Configuration (Feb. 29), based on his 1978 novel "The Ninth Configuration" and his 1966 novel "Twinkle, Twinkle, 'Killer' Kane!" about a mental institution in a castle during the Vietnam War stars Stacy Keach as military pshrink Col. Vincent Kane, who lets the patients live out their fantasies and is great in a barroom brawl, and Scott Wilson as patient Capt. Billy Cutshaw, who wants to go to the Moon. Nikita Mikhalkov's Oblomov (Sept. 9), based on the 1859 novel by Ivan Goncharov stars Oleg Tabakov as nowhere man Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. Robert M. Young's One Trick Pony (Oct. 3) stars singer Paul Simon as Jonah, whose rock career tanked and is now opening for punk rock bands; Rip Torn plays record co. exec Walter Fox (really CBS pres. Walter Yetnikoff?); last appearance of the original lineup of the Lovin' Spoonful. Robert Redford's Ordinary People (Sept. 19) (Paramount Pictures), written by Alvin Sargent based on the 1976 Judith Guest novel about an upper-middle-class Lake Forest, Ill. family going down the tubes after eldest brother Buck dies in a boating accident stars Donald Sutherland as as father Calvin Jarrett, Mary Toothy, er, Tyler Moore as Beth Jarrett, Judd Hirsch Timothy Hutton (acting debut) as suicidal Conrad Jarrett, and Judd Hirsch as pshrink Tyrone C. Berger; Elizabeth McGovern plays Conrad's babe Jeannine Pratt; Redford's dir. debut, winning him his first Oscar; does $54.8M box office on a $6M budget. Robert Altman's Popeye (Dec. 12), based on the Elzie Crisler Segar comic strip stars Robin Williams as giant-forearmed spinach-loving Popeye the Sailor, with super-skinny Shelley Duvall as Olive Oyl, Paul Dooley as Wimpy, and Paul L. Smith as Bluto; filmed on Anchor Bay in NW Malta 2 mi. from Mellieha, after which Popeye (Sweethaven) Village is turned into a tourist trap. Howard Zieff's Private Benjamin (Oct. 10) stars Goldie Hawn as a Jewish Am. princess Judy Benjamin, who volunteers for the U.S. Army and expects them to cater to her; also stars Eileen Brennan as Capt. Doreen Lewish, Armand Assante as Henri Alan Tremond, Mary Kay Place as Pvt. Mary Lou Glass, and Harry Dean Stanton as First Sgt. Jim Ballard. Paul Lynch's Prom Night (Sept. 12) (AVCO Embassy Pictures) stars scream queen Jamie Lee Curtis as Kimberly "Kim" Hammond, one of a group of Hamilton H.S. seniors incl. Wendy Richards (Eddie Benton), Kelly Lynch (Mary Beth Rubens), and Nick McBride (Casey Stevens) who are stalked by a mysterious masked killer in revenge for their guilt in the officially accidental death of 10-y.-o. Robin Hammond on prom night in 1974 six years earlier, timing it on the anniv. when her older sister is being crowned prom queen; Leslie Nielsen plays school principal Mr. Hammond; its disco soundtrack makes it a big hit in drive-in theaters, becoming a cult film; "If you're not back by midnight... you won't be coming home!"; does $14.7M box office on a $1.5M budget; Martin Scorsese's Raging Bull (Dec. 19), a B&W film written by "Taxi Driver" writer Paul Schrader stars Robert De Niro as middleweight boxer Jake La Motta in a montage of brutal boxing scenes; "I ain't a pretty boy no more"; De Niro's last words: "I am the boss" (4x). Daniel Petrie's Resurrection (Sept. 26) stars Ellen Burstyn as Edna, who survives a fatal car accident and receives the power of healing; also stars Eve Le Gallienne as Grandma Pearl, Richard Farnsworth as Esco, Sam Shepard as Cal, and Roberts Blossom as John Harper. Stanley Donen's Saturn 3 (Feb. 15), written by Martin Amis from a story by John Barry stars Farrah Fawcett as love babe Alex, Kirk Douglas as Adam, and Harvey Keitel as Capt. Benson, who fight a homicidal robot named Hector; comparison with "Star Wars" causes it to bomb despite a $9M budget. Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (May 23) (Peregrine Productions) (Hawk Films) (Warner Bros.), filmed at EMI Elstree Studios in England using the new Steadicam, based on the 1977 Stephen King novel about failed writer Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson) getting cabin fever at the secluded Overlook Hotel in Colo., really the Timberline Lodge on Mount Hood in Ore. 60 mi. E of Portland during the winter features the great climax where he goes after his family with an axe, crying, "Here's Johnny!"; title is inspired by John Lennon's "Instant Karma" and its line "We all shine on"; Joe Turkel plays creepy Joe the Bartender; the disturbing 1967 photograph Identical Twins, Roselle, N.J. of Lisa and Louise Burns (1968-) by Diane Arbus is used for effect; Danny Lloyd plays the psychic kid who talks with his finger and spouts "Redrum!"; bizarrely skinny scarecrow Shelley Duvall plays his freaked wife, and Scatman Crothers plays psychic vacationing chef Dick Hallorann, who returns to get axed; the photo at the end shows the hotel on July 4, 1921 as "Midnight, the Stars, and You" is being played; "All work and no play make Jack a dull boy"; the film contains numerous codes revealing that Kubrick directed a govt.-backed fake Apollo 11 moon landing based on his experience filming "Doctor Strangelove" (1964) and "2001: A Space Odyssey" (1968)?; it's no surprise that the record for altitude was 853.8 mi. (1,374.1km) for Gemini 11 on Sept. 14, 1966? Steve Roberts' Sir Henry at Rawlinson End, filmed in sepia-toned monochrone stars Trevor Howard as Sir Henry, who tries to exorcise the ghost of his brother Humbert at his hilarious estate. Woody Allen's Stardust Memories (Sept. 26) stars Woody Allen as famous filmmaker Sandy Bates, whose fans don't like his recent artistic efforts, preferring his "earlier funner movies", chasing intellectual Daisy (Jessica Harper) and maternal Isobel (Marie-Christine Barrault); the film debut of Sharon Yvonne Stone (1958-) as a pretty girl on a train who blows a kiss to the window. Irvin Kershner's Star Wars Episode 5: The Empire Strikes Back (May 21) is the best of the series, probably because it's not dir. by George Lucas?; the surprise ending where Darth Vader reveals to Luke Skywalker that "I'm your father" is kept secret as long as possible; Billy Dee Williams plays token black Lando Calrissian; grosses $290.2M in the U.S. and $533.9M worldwide. Stephen Wallace's Stir (Oct. 28) stars Bryan Brown as China Jackson in the 1974 Bathurst Jail prison riot in South Australia. Sidney Poitier's Stir Crazy (Dec. 12) is a comedy starring Richard Pryor as Harry Monroe, and Gene Wilder as Skip Donahue, two East coast dudes who are framed for bank robbery and end up in a Western priz, ending up in an inter-prison rodeo; becomes the highest grossing film dir. by a person of African descent (until ?). James Bridges' Urban Cowboy (Paramount Pictures) (June 6) stars John Travolta as W Tex. hunk Buford Uan "Bud" Davis, who moves in with Uncle Bob (Barry Corbin) in Pasadena (in E Tex. near Houston) for a better job, and spends his spare time at Gilley's (a real-life honky tonk bar on Spencer Hwy. in Pasadena, Tex. founded in 1971 by country singer Mickey Gilley, with the world's largest indoor bar; closes in 1989), hooking up with Sissy (Debra Winger) and fighting with Wes Hightower (Scott Glenn) when he's not riding the mechanical bull El Toro; "Hard hat days and honky-tonk nights"; features country singers Mickey Gilley, Johnny Lee, Charlie Daniels, and Bonnie Raitt; does $53.3M box office; the Urban Cowboy Soundtrack album (#3 U.S., #3 country) features Lookin' for Love by Johnny Lee, Stand by Me by Mickey Gilley, The Devil Went Down to Georgia by the Charlie Daniels Band, Look What You've Done to Me by Boz Scaggs, Could I Have This Dance by Anne Murray, and Love the World Away by Kenny Rogers, launching the Urban Cowboy (Neo-Country) (Hill Boogie) Movement in pop-country music; the beers of the Lone Star Brewing Co. of San Antonio, Tex. (founded 1884) are prominently featured; in 1979 Gilley's Beer was introduced to capitalize on the movie, but it flops in the 1980s. Richard Rush's The Stunt Man (Feb.), based on the novel by Paul Brodeur stars Peter O'Toole as a film dir. who uses fugitive Steve Railsback as a you know what. Roger Spottiswoode's Terror Train ("Halloween on a train") (Oc.t 3) (Astral Bellevue Pathe) (Sandy Howard Productions) (Triple T Productions) (20th Cent. Fox) is about a group of medical school students holding a New Year's Eve costume party aboard a train and being preyed on by a killer who dresses in their costumes, starring scream queen Jamie Lee Curtis as Alana Maxwell, Ben Johnson as Carne the conductor, and David Copperfield as the Magician; Timothy Webber plays Mo; Spottiswoode's dir. debut; does $8M box office on a $4.2M budget. Kinji Fukasaku's Virus (Fukkatsu no hi) (Day of Resurrection) (Toho) is a post-apocalyptic sci-fi film based on the novel by Sakyo Komatsu, about the super virus MM88, which amplifies the potency of other viruses and is accidentally released, causing the Italian Flu Pandemic, killing everybody on Earth except 855 men and eight women in Antarctica, where the virus is inactive; too bad, the U.S. Automated Reaction System (ARS) threatens to launch nuclear Armageddon after the next earthquake, causing a desperate mission to be launched aboard the submarine Nereid to shut it down; also features gaijin Yankee actors Glenn Ford, George Kennedy, Chuck Connors, Olivia Hussey, Edward James Olmos, Henry Silva, and Bo Svenson; the most expensive Japanese film to date; features the song "You Are Love" (Toujours Gai Mon Cher) by Janis Ian. Robert Greenwald's Xanadu (Aug. 8) is a musical starring ever-happy singer-dancer Olivia Newton-John as Kira, a girl who makes dreams come true, and Michael Beck as her belongs-in-the-mean-streets-but-good-agent beau Sonny Malone, with musical help by the Electric Light Orchestra (ELO); anachronistic Gene Kelly plays Danny McGuire (same name as a char. he played in 1944's "Cover Girl", with Olivia playing his co-star Rita Hayworth?); features an appearance by the San Francisco rock group The Tubes. Plays: Howard Brenton (1942-), The Romans in Britain (Nat. Theatre, London) (Oct. 16); uses the Roman war on the Celts as a parable about imperialism and abuse of power, incl. homosexual rape, taken as symbolic of British troops in Northern Ireland, with onstage nudity getting dir. Michael Bogdanov charged by the police with procuring an act of gross indecency after a campaign by English conservative Christian leader Mary Whitehouse (1910-2010), whose prosecution collapses on Mar. 18, 1982 when the star witness Graham Ross-Cornes reveals that he may have seen an actor's thumb instead of his dick; A Short Sharp Stock (Royal Court Theatre, London); attacks Thatcherism. Michael Cook (1933-94), The Gayden Chronicles; condemned British sailor William Gayden. David Edgar (1948-), The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (Aldwych Theatre, London) (June 6) (8.5 hours); adapted from the 1838 Charles Dickens novel; stars Roger Rees, David Threlfall, and the Royal Shakespeare Co. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Till Fedra. Horton Foote (1916-), In a Coffin in Egypt; 90-y.-o. Myrtle of Tex.; On Valentine's Day; "Mister George" Tyler of Harrison, Tex. in 1917. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Evelyn Brown: A Diary. Michael Frayn (1933-), Make and Break. Brian Friel (1929-), Translations (Guildhall, Londonderry) (Sept. 23); set in 1833in Ballybeg (Baile Beag). Athol Fugard (1932-), A Lesson from Aloes (New York); a 1963 farewell dinner given by a white Afrikaner for his black activist friend. Charles H. Fuller Jr. (1939-), Zooman and the Sign; Zooman slashes an old man on a subway platform and accidentally shoots a little black girl. Ronald Harwood (1934-), The Dresser (Queen's Theatre, London) (Apr. 30); stars Tom Courtenay, asst. to aging actor Freddie Jones; filmed in 1983 by Peter Yates starring Courtenay and Albert Finney; filmed in 1983. David Henry Hwang (1957-), FOB (Fresh Off the Boat) (first play); a new Chinese immigrant and two Chinese-Am. students discuss assimilation. Eugene Ionesco (1909-94), Journeys Among the Dead (Voyage Chez les Morts) (last play); middle-aged writer Joan (really him) visits a world where the dead andliving exist side-by-side; performed with Joan's head in a small room with puppets. Jean Kerr (1922-2003), Lunch Hour; comedy set in the hip Hamptons. Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), Time Was. Michael McClure, Josephine the Mouse Singer; adapted from a story by Franz Kafka about a mouse who defends artistic freedom. Mark Medoff (1940-), Children of a Lesser God (Longacre Theatre, New York) (Mar. 30) (887 perf.); speech teacher James Leeds (John Rubinstein/David Ackroyd) at a school for deaf students falls in love with deaf Sarah Norman (Phyllis Frelich), who refuses to learn to read lips or try to speak; their marriage crumbles; "We are all hard of hearing" (Jack Kroll). Arthur Miller (1915-2005), The American Clock. Alwin Nikolais (1910-93), Talisman. Edna O'Brien (1930-), Virginia; about Virginia Woolf. Robert Patrick (1937-), Blue is For Boys; first play about gay teenies? Willy Russell (1947-), Educating Rita (Donmar Warehouse, London) (June) (Piccadilly Theatre, London) (Aug. 19); stars Julie Walters as a female haidresser, and Mark Kingston as her Open U. teacher; filmed in 1983 starring Michael Caine and Julie Walters. Claude-Michel Schonberg (1944-) and Alain Boublil (1941-), Les Miserables (Misérables) (AKA Les Mis, Les Miz) (musical) (Palais des Sports, Paris) (Sept.) (7,500 perf.); based on the 1862 Victor Hugo novel; at the Palace Theatre in London, starring Colin Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, and Michael Ball as Marius; on Mar. 12, 1987 it debuts on Broadway at the Broadway Theatre, closing on May 18, 2003 after 6,680 perf.; incl. the songs I Dreamed a Dream, Do You Hear the People Sing?, Empty Chairs at Empty Tables. Castle on a Cloud, One Day More, A Heart Full of Love, Stars, Bring Him Home, Master of the House, Little People, A Little Fall of Rain, On My Own. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Mother Courage and Her Children (Public Theatre, New York); adapation of the 1939 Bertolt Brecht play. Sam Shepard, True West (Public Theatre, New York) (Dec. 23) (52 perf.); stars Peter Boyle and Tommy Lee Jones as a prof. screenwriter and a drifter cowboy who are also brothers and work to make a half-boiled screenplay click; reopens on Oct. 17, 1982 at Cherry Lane Theatre in New York for 762 perf. starring John Malkovich. Neil Simon, I Ought to Be in Pictures (Neil Simon Theater, New York) (Apr. 30) (324 perf.); stars Ron Leibman, Joyce Van Patten, Dinah Manoff. Michael Stewart (1924-87) and Cy Coleman, Barnum (St. James Theatre, London) (Apr. 20) (854 perf.); stars Jim Dale as P.T. Barnum. Michael Stewart (1924-87), Mark Bramble (1950-), Al Dubin (1891-1945) and Henry Warren, 42nd Street (musical) (Aug. 25) (New York) (first of 3,486 perf.); based on the novel by Bradford Ropes and the 1933 Hollywood music, about Great White Way dir. Julian Marsh trying to stage a musical extravaganza during the Great Depression; on opening night producer David Merrick announces during the curtain call that the show's dir. Gower Champion (b. 1919) had died earlier that day of a rare blood cancer; stars Jerry Orbach, Wanda Richert, Tammy Grimes. Edward Thomas (1924-) and Joe Masteroff (1919-), Desire Under the Elms (opera); based on the Eugene O'Neill play. Lanford Wilson (1937-), Talley's Folly (Brooks Atkinson Theater, New York) (Feb. 10) (279 perf.): stars Judd Hirsch, Trish Hawkins. Samm-Art Williams, Home (Cort Theatre, New York) (May 7) (279 perf.); stars Charles Brown, L. Scott Caldwell, Michelle Shay. Lanford Wilson (1937-), The Fifth of July (New Apollo Theater, New York) (Nov. 3) (511 perf.); stars Christopher Reeve, Swoozie Kurtz. Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Selected Longer Poems. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), Blackout. Earle Birney (1904-95), Spreading Time. Robert Bly (1926-2021), The Man in the Black Coat Turns. Jared Carter (1939-), Work, for the Night Is Coming (debut). Billy Collins (1941-), Video Poems. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Corn Close. Rita Dove (1952-), The Yellow House on the Corner (debut). William Everson (1912-94), The Masks of Drought. Louise Gluck (1943-), Descending Figure. Jorie Graham (1950-), Hybrids of Plants and of Ghosts (debut). Marilyn Hacker (1942-), Taking Notice. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Selected and New Poems: 1961-1981. David Ignatow (1914-97), Conversations. Josephine Jacobsen (1908-2003), The Sisters: New and Selected Poems (Apr. 1); incl. "The Edge". Galway Kinnell (1927-2014), Mortal Acts, Mortal Wounds. Etheridge Knight (1931-91), Born of a Woman. Ted Kooser (1939-), Sure Signs: New and Selected Poems (June 30). Irving Layton (1912-2006), For My Neighbours in Hell. Rod McKuen (1933-2015), The Power Bright and Shining (Oct. 1). William Meredith Jr. (1919-2007), The Cheer; "Words addressing evil won't turn evil back/ but they can give heart." James Merrill (1926-95), Scripts for the Pageant (May). Lisel Mueller (1924-), The Need to Hold Still. Howard Nemerov (1920-91), Sentences; incl. "By Al Lebowitz's Pool", "The Makers", "Monet", "A Christmas Storm", Because You Asked About the Line Between Prose and Poetry ("Sparrows were feeding in a freezing drizzle/ That while you watched turned to pieces of snow/ Riding a gradient invisible/ From silver aslant to random, white, and slow./ There came a moment that you couldn't tell./ And then they clearly flew instead of fell.") Sharon Olds (1942-), Satan Says (debut); "Daughter", "Woman", "Mother", "Journeys". Linda Pastan (1932-), Setting the Table. Kenneth Patchen (1911-72), Still Another Pelican in the Breadbox (posth.) (Dec.). Georges Perec (1936-82), La Cloture et Autres Poemes. Marge Piercy (1936-), The Moon Is Always Female (Mar. 12); becomes a feminist classic. Robert Pinsky (1940-), An Explanation of America; the brutal 1977 attack on Terri Jentz and her roommate in Ore. Luis Omar Salinas (1937-2008), Afternoon of the Unreal. James Marcus Schuyler (1923-91), The Morning of the Poem (Pulitzer Prize). F.R. Scott (1899-1985), The Collected Poems of F.R. Scott. Charles Simic (1938-), Classic Ballroom Dances (Oct.). Louis Simpson (1923-), Caviare at the Funeral. Suzanne Somers (1946-), Touch Me (debut) (Nov.). Jack Spicer (1925-65), One Night Stand and Other Poems. Mark Strand (1934-), Selected Poems; incl. "Keeping Things Whole", "Atheneum". John B. Wain (1925-94), Poems 1949-1979; Poems for the Zodiac. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), Being Here: Poetry, 1977-1980. Jay Wright (1934-), The Double Invention of Komo; the Komo initiation rites of the Bambara people of Africa; "A considerable achievement of a major imagination" (John Hollander). Novels: Edward Paul Abbey (1927-89), Good News; society collapses. Walter Abish (1931-), How German Is It: Wie Deutsch Ist Es (Dec.); Am. writer visits postwar "New Germany" and struggles with how to live with the memories of Nazi horrors. Alice Adams (1926-99), Rich Rewards; Daphne Matthiessen moves from New York to San Fran. Richard Adams (1920-2016), The Girl in a Swing; Am. porcelain dealer Alan Deslands meets German babe Karin (Kathe) on a business trip to Denmark, who commits an act "unnatural out of all course or kind" to be his wife; The Iron Wolf and Other Stories (The Unbroken Web). Catherine Aird (1930-), Passing Strange; Detective Inspector Sloan #9. Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95), Russian Hide and Seek (May 12). Poul Anderson (1926-2001), The Boat of a Million Years; people who do not die of old age but can be killed. Piers Anthony (1934-), Split Infinity; first in the Apprentice Adept series about the dual worlds of Proton and Phaze. Louis Aragon (1897-1982), Le Mentir-vrai. Jean Marie Auel (1936-), The Clan of the Cave Bear (May 4); blonde-blue Cro-Magnon Wurm Glaciation babe Ayla gets adopted by Neanderthals and isn't satisfied to be a male slave like their women are, breaking all the taboos and setting the stage for the appearance of women's libber human women and a ton of women fans; claims that Neanderthals have a collective racial memory that incl. medical knowledge; #1 of 6 in the Earth's Children series, incl. The Valley of the Horses (Apr. 13, 1982), The Mammoth Hunters (Dec. 21, 1985), The Plains of Passage (Sept. 24, 1990), The Shelters of Stone (Apr. 2002), The Land of Painted Caves (Mar. 2011). Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The House of the Prophet. Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), Winter Garden. Toni Cade Bambara (1939-95), The Salt Eaters; a black activist gives up creating consensus in the black community and attempts suicide. Julian Barnes (1946-), Metroland (first novel); Duffy; pub. under the alias Dan Kavanaugh; a bi ex-police officer turned private dick. Ann Beattie (1947-), Falling in Place; John Knapp and Nina, and Cynthia Forrest and Peter Spangle in summer 1978 while Skylab is falling to Earth. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), Sweet Anarchy. Thomas Berger (1924-), Neighbors; Earl Keese and his free spirit neighbors Harry and Ramona; filmed in 1981 starring Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Der Billigesser (The Cheap Eaters). Alfred Bester (1913-87), Golem; Regina and her Bee Ladies conjure the Devil. Maeve Binchy (1940-), Victoria Line (short stories). Harold Bloom (1930-2019), The Flight to Lucifer: Gnostic Fantasy. Kay Boyle (1902-92), Fifty Stories (short stories). Richard Brautigan (1935-84), The Tokyo-Montana Express. David Brin (1950-), Sundiver; first in his Uplift series (ends 1987) about the Earth ship Streaker in 2489, which discovers a fleet of 50K derelict spaceships belonging to the Progenitors. John Brunner (1934-95), The Infinitive of Go, about Posting technology, which teleports inanimate objects. Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006), Wild Seed; Doro and Anyanwu. Michel Butor (1926-), Quadruple Fond. Truman Capote (1924-84), Music for Chameleons (short stories). Philip Caputo (1941-), Horn of Africa (first novel); journalist Charlie Gage follows Am. mercenaries delivering weapons to Muslim rebels in the Ethiopian desert. Clancy Carlile (1930-98), Honkeytonk Man; filmed in 1982 by Clint Eastwood. David Caute (1936-), Moscow Gold. John le Carre (1931-2020), Smiley's People. David Caute (1936-), Moscow Gold; pub. under alias John Salisbury. John Cheever (1912-82), The Leaves, the Lion-Fish, and the Bear. Mary Higgins Clark (1927-), The Cradle Will Fall; Katie DeMaio investigates Dr. Edgar Highley, who claims to cure infertile women. Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), Desert (Désert); Moroccan boy Nour tells of the last rising of the desert tribes against the French protectorate in Morocco in 1910-12; after WWII Lalla lives in a shantytown on the Moroccan coast, befriends the Hartani, and spends time in Marseilles. J.M. Coetzee (1940-), Waiting for the Barbarians; Col. Joll prepares for an attack on the Empire by capturing and torturing some barbarians; the voyeuristic fun of torture scenes?; title is from the Constantin Cavafy poem "and now, what will become of us without/ barbarians?/ These people were a kind of solution." Larry Collins (1929-2005) and Dominique Lapierre (1931-), The Fifth Horseman (Le Cinquieme Cavalier); a terrorist attack on New York City masterminded by Libyan dictator Col. Muammar al-Gaddafi; shocks France into cancelling the sale of nuclear reactors to Libya. Pat Conroy (1945-2016), The Lords of Discipline; a brutal Southern military academy, as narrated by Tom Stechschulte. Robert Coover (1932-), A Political Fable (Aug. 1); original title "The Cat in the Hat for President". Robert Cormier (1925-2000), Eight Plus One (short stories). Michael Crichton (1942-2008), Congo; cerebral gorillas in the Lost City of Zinj; filmed in 1995. Clive Cussler (1931-), Night Probe!; Dirk Pitt #5. Nicholas Delbanco (1942-), Stillness; last in the Sherbrooke Trilogy (1977-80). Don DeLillo (1936-), Amazons; pub. under alias Cleo Birdwell. Jude Deveraux (1947-), The Black Lyon (first novel); first in the Montgomery/Taggert Family Series; launches her romance novelist career. Joseph DiMona (1923-99), To the Eagle's Nest (July); Hollywood movie stars go to Germany to film "The Secret Life of Adolf Hitler", and are kidnapped by terrorists, causing Justice Dept. agent George Williams to come to the rescue. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), Fundamental Disch (short stories). E.L. Doctorow (1931-), Loon Lake; a young man in the Great Depression leaves Paterson, N.J. for a lake in the Adirondacks, where he meets the bad side of capitalism and gets rich by going corrupt. R.B. Dominic, The Attending Physician; Benton Safford #6. Margaret Drabble (1939-), The Middle Ground; successful journalist Kate Armstrong reaches the end of her career. Andre Dubus (1936-99), Finding a Girl in America: A Novella and Ten Short Stories. Umberto Eco (1932-), The Name of the Rose (Il Nome Della Rosa); William of Baskerville, friend of William of Ockham (1280-1347); a semeiotic novel? Harlan Ellison (1934-), All the Lies That Are My Life; Shatterday (short stories). John Fante (1909-83), Ask the Dust. Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000), Human Voices; the BBC in WWII; "Broadcasting House was in fact dedicated to the strangest project of the war, or of any war, that is, telling the truth." Ken Follett (1949-), The Key to Rebecca; bestseller about German field marshal Erwin Rommel, who sends the master spy known as the Sphinx to Cairo to penetrate British HQ and radio back using Daphne Du Maurier's "Rebecca" as the code key. Margaret Forster (1938-), The Bride of Lowther Fell: A Romance (Mar.). Robert Lull Forward (1932-2002), Dragon's Egg (first novel). Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Castang's City (Henri Castang #5). Marilyn French (1929-2009), The Bleeding Heart; divorced feminist Dolores and married exec Victor have a 1-year fling. Max Frisch, Manin the Holocene. Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), Una Familia Lejana. John Gardner (1933-82), Freddy's Book. Barry Gifford (1946-), Landscape With traveller: The Pillow Book of Francis Reeves; Port Tropique. Herbert Gold (1924-), He/She (Apr.); a woman doesn't love her husband anymore and faces it. Sir William Golding (1911-93), Rites of Passage; early 19th cent. Royal Navy ship en route to Australia. Nadine Gordimer (1923-), A Soldier's Embrace (short stories). William Goyen (1915-83), Wonderful Plant. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), An Ancient Castle. Graham Greene (1904-91), Dr. Fischer of Geneva; Or, The Bomb Party (Mar. 27); a misanthropic millionaire holds his last party; based on his time in Vevey on Lake Geneva. Winston Groom (1944-), As Summers Die; white La. atty. Willie Croft is hired by black sharecroppers to defend a black woman's oil discovery. Elgin Groseclose (1899-1983), Olympia (last novel). Peter Handke (1942-), The Lesson of Sainte-Victoire. Barry Hannah (1942-), Ray. Shirley Hazzard (1931-), The Transit of Venus; sisters Grace and Caroline Bell emigrate from Australia to England and the U.S. and are "not only redeemed but also destroyed by the truth". Robert A. Heinlein (1907-88), The Number of the Beast (last novel); Zebadiah Carter, Dejah Thoris "Deety" Burroughs Carter, Prof. Jacob Burroughs, and Hilda Corners experience true 6-D time travel in the Gay Deceiver, equipped with the Continua Device and Australian Defence Force, ending up in Barsoom; names are taken from Edgar Rice Burroughs. George V. Higgins (1939-99), Kennedy for the Defense; sleazy Boston criminal atty. Jerry Kennedy. Jack Higgins, Day of Judgement. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), The Boy Who Followed Ripley (Ripley #4); 16-y.-o. Yank Billy gets a job as his gardener, and turns out to be Frank Pierson, who killed his tycoon father and fled. Tony Hillerman (1925-2008), People of Darkness; Navajo Sgt. Jim Chee investigates a Native Am. peyote cult. Russell Hoban (1925-), Riddley Walker; Iron Age England after a nuclear holocaust. Susan Isaacs (1943-), Close Relations; 35-y.-o. childless Jewish speechwriter Marcia Green meets Mr. Perfect David Hoffman in hopes of having kids. Gary Jennings, Aztec; writes it after spending 12 years in Mexico learning how to read Aztec and Nahuatl. Erica Jong (1942-), Fanny: Being the True History of the Adventures of Fanny Hackabout-Jones; 18th cent. picaresque novel knockoff. Ismail Kadare (1936-), Doruntine; The Autobiography of the People in Verse. Garson Kanin (1912-99), Smash; bestseller about the pre-Broadway tryout of a musical comedy; turned into an NBC-TV series in 2012-13. Thomas Keneally (1935-), The Cut-Rate Kingdom; Australia in 1942. Daniel Keyes (1927-), The Fifth Sally. Stephen King (1947-), Firestarter; 7-y.-o. Charlene "Charlie" McGee torches evil govt. agents chasing her and her daddy Andrew "Andy" McGee, who can make people go blind; typical King fare, based on turning nightmares into everyday reality. John Knowles (1926-2001), Peace Breaks Out; sequel to "A Separate Peace" (1959). Dean Koontz (1945-), Whispers; Hilary Thomas is chased by a psycho; his first big success, launching his bestselling career as the West Coast Stephen King, based on plots with a strong woman who takes charge and fights supernatural bad guys. Judith Krantz (1928-), Princess Daisy; paid record $3,208,875 for paperback rights; Princess Marguerine "Daisy" Valensky, whose parents Prince Alexander "Stash" Valensky and Francesca Vernon mess her up over her brain-damaged twin sister Danielle. Louis L'Amour (1908-88), The Warrior's Path; Yance and Kin Sackett search for Yance's kidnapped sister-in-law. Emma Lathen, Going for the Gold; John Putnam Thatcher #18. Aaron Latham, Urban Cowboy; filmed in 1980 starring John Travolta and Debra Winger. Siegfried Lenz (1926-), Der Verlust. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), City Primeval: High Noon in Detroit; serial murderer Clement Mansell AKA the Okla. Wildman and homicide detective Raymond Cruz; Gold Coast; Fla. mob boss Frank DiCilia dies and leaves his gorgeous widow Karen everything on condition that she never has another man, tasking his thug Roland to watch her, but she tries it anyway with ex-con Cal Maguire. Doris Lessing (1919-2013), The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five; The Sirian Experiments. Penelope Lively (1933-), Judgement Day. Audre Lorde (1934-92), The Cancer Journals; her fight with breast cancer. Robert Ludlum (1927-2001), The Bourne Identity; retrograde amnesiac assassin Jason Bourne; filmed as a TV movie in 1988 starring Richard Chamberlain, and as a big budget movie in 2002 starring Matt Damon. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Athabasca. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Love and the Veil. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Armored Giants (posth.). William Keepers Maxwell Jr. (1908-2000), So Long, See You Tomorrow; whenever I want you, all I have to do is dream? Nellie McClung (1873-1951), Be Good to Yourself (short stories) (posth.). James A. Michener (1907-97), Covenant; about South Africa; co-writer Errol Uys is stiffed in the credits. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), The Other Side. Dan Millman (1946-), Way of the Peaceful Warrior; semi-autobio. novel about a univ. gymnastics student who meets elderly gas station attendant "Soc" Socrates, who teaches him New Age philosophy; filmed in 2006. Wright Morris (1910-98), Plains Song: For Female Voices; three generations of Nebraska women in the Atkins family. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Rumpole of the Bailey (Feb. 27). Nicholas Mosley (1923-), Imago Bird. Iris Murdoch (1919-99), Nuns and Soldiers. Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), Warrior Pharaohs: The Rise and Fall of the Egyptian Empire. Larry Niven (1938-), The Ringworld Engineers; sequel to "Ringworld" (1970), written to explain why it's not unstable. William Francis Nolan (1928-) and George Clayton Johnson (1929-), Logan's Search; #3 in the Logan Trilogy (1967, 1977). Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Bellefleur; a family of psychos in the Adirondacks. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), The Surgeon's Mate; Aubrey-Maturin #7. Frank O'Connor (1903-66), Collected Stories (posth.). Tillie Olsen (1913-2007), Mothers to Daughter, Daughter to Mother: Mothers on Mothering: A Daybook and Reader. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), Love and Glory; Looking for Rachel Wallace; Spenser #6; Early Autumn; Spenser #7. Walker Percy (1916-90), The Second Coming; sequel to "The Last Gentleman" (1966), about Am. Southerner Will Barrett, who is now a widower. Robert Pinget (1919-97), L'Apocryphe (The Apocrypha). Reynolds Price (1933-), The Source of Light; pt. 2 of the Great Circle Trilogy. James Purdy (1914-2009), Dream Palaces: Three Novels. Mordecai Richler (1931-2001), Joshua Then and Now. Angelo Rinaldi (1940-), La Derniere Fete de l'Empire. Tom Robbins (1932-), Still Life with Woodpecker (Oct.); "A love story that happens inside a pack of cigarettes"; an exiled princess and her activist outlaw lover in Seattle who deciphers hidden messages on Camel cigarette packages. Judith Rossner (1935-2005), Emmeline; 14-y.-o Emmeline Mosher is sent from her Maine farm to work in a cotton mill in 1839 Mass. Joanna Russ (1937-2011), On Strike Against God: A Lesbian Love Story. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Le Chien Couchant (The Sitting Dog). Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Tenth Commandment; P.I. Joshua Bigg investigates a suicide by a Manhattan millionaire; Caper (pub. under alias Lesley Andress); mystery writer Jannie Shean plays a jewel heist, then sees it enacted in front of her; "Sex, scams, violence". Jose Saramago (1922-2010), Levantado do Chao (Raised from the Floor). Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), L'Usage de la Parole (The Use of Speech). Mary Lee Settle (1918-2005), The Scapegoat; Beulah Quintet #4; W. Va. miner's daughter Lilly Ellen Lacy. Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007), Rage of Angels; New York Mafia atty. Jennifer Parker, Michael Morreti, and Adam Warner. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Marmalade Jim at the Farm; More Lucifer. Claude Simon (1913-2005), Les Georgiques (The Georgics). John Thomas Sladek (1937-2000), Roderick; autobio. of a robot. Jane Smiley (1949-), Barn Blind (first novel); the Karlson family of rural Ill. and their demanding matriarch. Lee Smith (1944-), Black Mountain Breakdown; Crystal Spanger of Black Mountain, Appalachia. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Aberrations of Starlight; four people at a boardinghouse in 1939 N.J. Norman Spinrad (1940-), Songs from the Stars; a post-apocalyptic agrarian society; The Mind Game; Jack Weller, dir. of the children's TV show "Monkey Business" and his wife Anne get involved with the Transformationalist movement, founded by sci-fi writer John B. Steinhardt. Danielle Steel (1947-), Season of Passion; Kate's football hero beau Tom Harper botches suicide and ends up a vegetable, leaving her pregnant; Summer's End; Deanna Duras meets art dealer Ben Thompson; The Ring; married German socialite Kassandra von Gotthard falls for a Jewish writer, is arrested by the Nazis, and ends up as a Nazi officer's cook. Irving Stone (1903-89), The Origin: A Biographical Novel of Charles Darwin. Robert Stone (1937-), A Flag for Sunrise; the CIA commits atrocities in a Central Am. country to suppress a Marxist rev. David Storey (1933-), Early Days. Whitley Strieber (1945-), The Hunger; Miriam Blaylock is cursed with eternal youth, which doesn't stop her from trying to take new love Miriam Blaylock from Dr. Tom Haver. Rosemary Sutcliff (1920-92), Frontier Wolf; Romain Britain series #7. Graham Swift (1949-), The Sweet-Shop Owner (first novel); a sunny Fri. in June 1974, the last day in the life of Willy Chapman of South London, whose unloving wife Irene estranged him to his daughter Dorry. Walter Tevis (1928-84), Mockingbird; multiple centenarian android NYU dean Spofforth hires Paul Bentley to decode the written titles in ancient silent films, but when he tries to teach Mary Lou to read, Spofforth sends him to prison. Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), Birthstone. Kenneth R. Timmerman (1953-), The Iskra Scrolls. John Kennedy Toole (1937-69), A Confederacy of Dunces (posth.) (Pulitzer Prize); written in Puerto Rico; discovered after his suicide by his mother Thelma, who gives it to Walker Percy, who gets it pub., winning him a 1981 Pulitzer Prize; gluttonous unemployed 30-y.-o. Middle Ages throwback Ignatius J. Reilly meets New York Jewish beatnik Myrna Minkoff in early 1960s New Orleans' French Quarter; "A green hunting cap squeezed the top of the fleshy balloon of a head" (first line); "When a true genius appears in the world, you may know him by this sign, that the dunces are all in confederacy against him" (Jonathan Swift). Jean Toomer (1894-1967), The Wayward and the Seeking (posth.). William Trevor (1928-), Beyond the Pale; Milly tells about four English holidaymakers at Glencorn Lodge in County Antrim. Margaret Truman (1924-2008), Murder in the White House; the president's daughter's lover, U.S. secy. of state Lansard Blane is strangled in the Lincoln Bedroom, and White House counsel Ron Fairbanks investigates. Anne Tyler (1941-), Morgan's Passing; 42-y.-o. hardware store mgr. Morgan Gower. Barry Unsworth (1930-2012), Pascali's Island (The Idol Hunter); Basil Pascali meets a female English archeologist on a Greek island in 1908. Peter De Vries (1910-93), Consenting Adults: or, The Duchess Will Be Furious (Aug.). Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Second Lady; the Soviets plot to swap a clone for the U.S. First Lady. Fay Weldon (1931-), Puffball; Liffey and Richard move from London to Honeycomb Cottage in the country and meet Mabs and Tucker, who get them into a fertility cult. Eudora Welty (1909-2001), Collected Stories (Oct. 29). Paul West (1930-), The Very Rich Hours of Count Von Stauffenberg; his first success, about the July 20, 1944 Plot to assassinate Hitler. William Wharton (1925-2008), Dad; John Tremont becomes his father Jake's caretaker while his wife Bette recovers from a stroke; filmed in 1989. Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), The Healing Art. Angus Wilson (1913-91), Setting the World on Fire. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Schrodinger's Cat Trilogy (1980-1); "The Universe Next Door", "The Trick Top Hat", "The Homing Pigeons". Richard Yates (1926-92), Liars in Love (short stories). Al Young (1939-), Ask Me Now; retired pro. basketball player Durwood Knight. Roger Zelazny (1937-95), Changeling; about Mor the wizard taking on evil Det Morson; followed by "Madwand" (1981). Births: Am. 6'0" Helmet Catch football WR (black) (New York Giants, 2003-8) David Mikel Tyree on Jan. 3 in Livingston, N.J.; educated at Syracuse U. Spanish golfer ("El Nino") Sergio Garcia on Jan. 9 in Castellon. Am. "Carmen de la Pica Morales in The L Word", "Det. Dani Reese in Life" actress Aahoo (Pers. "deer") Jahansouz "Sarah" Shahi on Jan. 10 in Euless, Tex.; Iranian father, Spanish-Iranian mother. Am. "1 Thing" R&B singer (black) Amerie Mi Marie Rogers on Jan. 12 in Fitchburg, Mass.; African-Am. father, Korean mother. Am. "Ava DuVernay in Middle of Nowhere" actress (black) Emayatzy Evett Corinealdi on Jan. 14 in Fort Knox, Ky.; Panamanian father, African-Am. mother. Costa Rican pres. (2018-) Carlos Alvarado Quesada on Jan. 14 in San Jose; educated at the U. of Costa Rica, and U. of Sussex. Am. baseball 1B-LF player (Colorado Rockies, 2004-8, 2018-) (St. Louis Cardinals, 2009-16) Matthew Thomas "Matt" Holliday on Jan. 15 in Stillwater, Okla. Puerto Rican-Am. "In the Heights", "Hamilton" composer-lyricist-actor Lin-Manuel Miranda on Jan. 16 in Manhattan, N.Y.; educated at Wesleyan U. Am. "Anita Miller in Almost Famous", "Jessica Day in New Girl" actress-singer-producer Zooey Claire (pr. ZOH-ee") Deschanel on Jan. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of actress Mary Jo Deschanel and cinematographer Caleb Deschanel; sister of Emily Deschanel (1976-); named after J.D. Salinger's book "Franny and Zooey". Am. "In the Heights", "Hamilton" actor-composer-lyricist Lin-Manuel Miranda on Jan. 16 in New York City; educateed at Wesleyan U. Am. "Marshall Eriksen in How I Met Your Mother" actor (Jewish) Jason Jordan Segel on Jan. 18 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Francis in Malcolm in the Middle" actor (Scientologist) Christopher Kennedy Masterson on Jan. 22 in Long Island, N.Y.; brother of Danny Masterson (1976-). Russian 6'4" tennis player Marat Mikhailovich Safin on Jan. 27 in Moscow; brother of Dinara Safina (1986-); first brother-sister tandem to both achieve #1 rankings; first Russian man to reach the Wimbledon semifinals (2008). Am. "Free Willy" actor Jason James Richter on Jan. 29 in Medford, Ore. Am. "Amazing", "Only You", "Georgia Clay" pop-country singer-songwriter Joshua "Josh" Bishop Kelley on Jan. 30 in Augusta, Ga.; husband (2007-) of Katherine Heigl (1978-). Am. "Fez in That '70s Show" actor Wilmer "Big Wil" Valderama on Jan. 30 in Miami, Fla.; grows up in Venezuela from ages 3-14, then comes to L.A., speaking no English. U.S. Rep. (R-N.Y.) (2015-23) (Jewish) Lee Michael Zeldin on Jan. 30 in East Meadow, N.Y.; educated at SUNY Albany, and Albany Law School. British Inspire Muslim feminist activist Sara Khan on Jan. in Bradford, West Yorkshire. Am. "Ellie Bartowski in Chuck", "Marjorie Seaver in What About Brian" actress Sarah Lancaster on Feb. 12 in Kansas City, Kan. Am. "Wednesday Addams in The Addams Family" actress Christina Ricci on Feb. 12 in Santa Monica, Calif.; #4 of 4 children of atty. and primal scream therapist Ralph Ricci and model Sarah Murdoch; raised in N.J.; no relation to Nina Ricci; hosts "Saturday Night Live" at age 18. Am. "Kevin Girardi in Joan of Arcadia", "Sean Walker in The Event" actor Jason Morgan Ritter on Feb. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Jason Ritter (1948-2003); grandson of Tex Ritter (1905-74). Am. "Laughing With" singer (Jewish) Regina Spektor on Feb. 18 in Moscow, Russia; emigrates to the U.S. in 1989. Am. spoiled rotten it-girl Chelsea Victoria Clinton on Feb. 27 in Little Rock, Ark.; daughter of Pres. Bill Clinton (1946-) and Hillary Clinton (1947-); named after Joni Mitchell's "Chelsea Morning"; educated at Stanford U., Columbia U., and Univ. College, Oxford U. U.S. Rep. (R-Fla.) (2015-19) Carlos Luis Curbelo on Mar. 1 in Miami, Fla.; Cuban immigrant parents; educated at the U. of Miami. Am. "Chrisann Brennan in Steve Jobs" actress Katherine Boyer Waterston on Mar. 3 in Westminster, London, England; daughter of Sam Waterston and Lynn Louisa Woodruff. Am. "Odds Against Tomorrow" novelist Nathaniel Rich on Mar. 5; educated at Yale U. Am. "Donna Pinciotti in That '70s Show" actress Laura Prepon on Mar. 7 in Watchung, N.J.; of Irish Roman Catholic and Jewish descent. Am. rapper (black) Chingy (Howard Bailey Jr.) on Mar. 9 in St. Louis, Mo. Am. "Dr. Spencer Reid in Criminal Minds" actor-dir. Matthew Gray Gubler on Mar. 9 in Las Vegas, Nev.; educated at NYU, and USSC. Am. 6'0" golfer Stephen Paul "Steve" Marino Jr. on Mar. 10 in Altus, Okla.; educated at the U. of Va. Am. baseball pitcher (Chicago Cubs, 2005-8), Los Angeles Dodgers (2016-) Richard Joseph "Rich" Hill on Mar. 11 in Milton, Mass.; educated at Michigan U.; known for finishing his pitch with a football-like kick. Australian "Penny Rust in The Hustle" actress-comedian Rebel Wilson (Melanie Elizabeth Bownds) on Mar. 2 in Sydney. Chinese-Am. baseball pitcher (New York Yankees) (2005-9) Chien-Ming Wang on Mar. 31 in Tainan City, Taiwan. Am. "Somethin' 'Bout a Truck" country singer-songwriter Kip Christian Moore on Apr. 1 in Clifton, Ga. Am. "Hostel: Part II" singer-actress-model Bijou Lilly Phillips on Apr. 1 in Greenwich, Conn.; daughter of "Papa" John Phillips (1935-2001) and Genevieve Waite (1948-). Am. musician Albert Hammond Jr. (Strokes) on Apr. 9 in Los Angeles, Calif. English "Nathan Maloney in Queer as Folk", "Jackson Jax Teller in Sons of Anarchy", "Raleigh Becket in Pacific Rim" actor Charles Matthew "Charlie" Hunnam on Apr. 10 in Newcastle. Am. musician-songwriter Win Butler (Edwin Farnham Butler III) (Arcade Fire) on Apr. 14 in Woodlands, Tex.; brother of William Pierce Butler (1982-); grandson of Alvino Rey (1907-2004); husband of Regine Chassagne (1977-). Am. 6'2" football QB (Dallas Cowboys #9, 2003-16) Antonio Ramiro "Tony" Romo on Apr. 21 in San Diego, Calif.; educated at Eastern Ill. U. Scottish rock drummer (redhead) Ben Hamilton Johnston (Biffy Clyro) on Apr. 25 in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire; twin of James Johnston. Scottish rock bassist (redhead) James Roberto Johnston (Biffy Clyro) on Apr. 25 in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire; twin of Ben Johnston. Am. "Mia Toretto in The Fast and the Furious" actress Jordana Brewster on Apr. 26 in Panama City, Panama; Am. father, Brazilian mother; paternal granddaughter of Yale U. pres. Kingman Brewster Jr. (1919-88); emigrates to the U.S. at age 10. Am. "Nicole Farrell in Something So Right" actress Marnette Provost "Marne" Patterson on Apr. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Aaron in Haywire", "Duke in G.I. Joe" actor-producer Channing Matthew Tatum on Apr. 26 in Cullman, Ala; grows up in Miss. Am. "Blowjob Girl" "Kelly Erin Hannon in The Office" actress Ellie Kemper on May 2 in St. Louis, Mo.; educated at Princeton U. and Oxford U. Canadian 6'0" hockey player Bradley Glenn "Brad" Richards on May 2 in Murray Habour, Prince Edward Island. Am. R&B singer (black) Jason Dalyrimple (Soul for Real) on May 10. Am. "Danny Madigan in Last Action Hero" actor Austin O'Brien on May 11 in Eugene, Ore.; brother of Trever O'Brien (1984-). British Conservative PM (2022-) Rishi Sunak on May 12 in Southampton; African-born Hindu-descent parents; educated at Winchester College. U.S. rep. (D-Kan.) (2019-) (Ho-Chunk Nation) Sharice Davids on May 22. Mohican father; educated at Cornell U. Am. "Max in Tank Girl" actor Billy L. Sullivan on May 24 in New York City. Am. baseball LF player (Ariz. Diamondbacks, 2004-7) (San Diego Padres, 2007-9) (New York Mets #12, 2011-2) (Washington Nationals, 2013-4) (black) Scott Alexander Hairston on May 25 in Ft. Worth, Tex. Am. musician Joe King (The Fray) on May 25 in Colo.; of Spanish descent. Am. rock drummer Fabrizio Moretti (Strokes) on June 2 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Italian father, Brazilian mother; emigrates to the U.S. in 1984. Am. 5'11" soccer player (lesbian) Mary Abigail "Abby" Wambach on June 2 in Rochester, N.Y. Iranian-Am. writer-comedian Zahra Noorbakhsh on June 11 in Sacramento County, Calif.; educated at UCB.; Iranian immigrant parents. Am. 6'1" tennis player (black) Venus Ebone Starr Williams on June 17 in Lynwood, Calif.; sister of Serena Williams (1981-); her daddy "Papa Richard" becomes her coach. Am. 6'4" football tight end (San Diego Chargers #85, 2003-18) (black) Antonio Ethan Gates Jr. on June 18 in Detroit, Mich.; educated at Kent State U. Am. "Bernadette Rostenkowski in The Big Bang Theory" actress (Jewish) Melissa Ivy Rauch on June 23 in Marlboro Township, N.J.; educated at Marymount Manhattan College. Italian 5'5-1/2" tennis player ("the Lioness") Francesca Schiavone on June 23 in Milan; first Italian woman player to win a Grand Slam title (2010). Am. "Lyla Garrity in Friday Night Lights" actress Minka Kelly on June 24 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Rick Dufay (1952-). Am. 6'0" football QB (black) (Atlanta Falcons, 2001-8, Philadelphia Eagles #7, 2009-) Michael Dwayne Vick on June 26 in Newport News, Va.; educated at Virginia Tech; "I have two weapons: my legs, my arm, and my brains." Am. 5'11" auto racer Martin Lee Truex Jr. on June 29 in Mayette, N.J. French "Vesper Lynd in Casino Royale", "Sibylla in Kingdom of Heaven" actress (Jewish) (dark blonde) Eva Gaelle (Gaëlle) Green (Swedish "gren" = tree branch) on July 5 in Paris; fraternal twin sister Joy; Breton-Swedish descent father, Algerian Sephardic Jewish mother; educated at the Am. U. of Paris. Am. rock singer Jason Michael Wade (Lifehouse) on July 5 in Camarillo, Calif. French "Queen Sibylla in Kingdom of Heaven", "Vesper Lynd in Casino Royale" actress (Jewish) Eva Gaelle (Gaëlle) Green on July 6 in Paris; fraternal twin sister Johanne (Joy); Algerian Jewish immigrant mother; educated at the Am. U. of Paris. Spanish 7' basketball player (Memphis Grizzlies, 2001-8) (Los Angeles Lakers #16, 2008-, ) Pau Gasol i Saez (Sáez) on July 6 in Barcelona. Am. "Dr. Elza Minnick in Grey's Anatomy" actress Marika Dominczyk on July 7; wife (2007-) of Scott Foley (1972-). Am. Olympic silver (1998) & bronze (2002) medal figure skater Michelle Kwan on July 7 in Torrance, Calif.; father Danny emigrated from China to Calif. in 1971. Am. auto racer Eddie MacDonald on July 7 in Rowley, Mass. English girl pickup artist-coach Richard La Ruina on July 7 in London. South Korean Olympic artistic gymnast Yang Tae-young on July 8. Am. auto racer Adam Kyler Petty (d. 2000) on July 10 in High Point, N.C.; son of Kyle Petty (1960-); grandson of Richard Petty (1937-); great-grandson of Lee Petty (1914-); first 4th-gen. NASCAR driver. Am. "Irresistible" singer-actress Jessica Ann Simpson on July 10 in Abilene, Tex.; daughter of Baptist minister-psychologist Joe Simpson, who utters the soundbyte "If you put her in a T-shirt or you put her in a bustier, she's sexy in both - she's got double Ds"; sister of Ashlee Simpson (1984-). Am. "Dana in The Cabin in the Woods", "Christina Gallagher in House of Cards", "Jamie in Zoo" actress Kristen Nora Connolly on July 12 in Montclair, N.J. English 6'5" "The Bachelor" bachelor Matthew Christian Grant on July 17 in Hertfordshire; educated at Anglia Ruskin U. Am. "Veronica Mars" actress (vegetarian) Kristen Anne Bell on July 18 in Huntington Woods, Mich.; educated at NYU; wife (2013-) of Dax Shepard (1975-). Am. "The Black Dahlia" actress Rachel Miner on July 19 in New York City. Am. baseball pitcher (black) (lefty) (Cleveland Indians, 2001-8) (New York Yankees, 2009-) Carsten Charles "CC" Sabathia on July 21 in Vallejo, Calif. Kiwi auto racer Scott Ronald Dixon on July 22 in Brisbane, Australia. Kiwi Labour PM #40 (2017-) (Socialist) Jacinda Kate Laurell Ardern on July 26 in Hamilton; educated at the U. of Waikato. Am. R&B singer (black) Tenitra Michelle Williams (Destiny's Child) on July 23 in Rockford, Ill. Am. "The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels" writer-consultant (atheist-humanist) Alexander Joseph "Alex" Epstein on Aug. 1 in ?; grows up in Chevy Chase, Md.; educated at Duke U. Am. rock drummer Devon Glenn (Buckcherry) on Aug. 2. Am. "Lolita" actress Dominique Ariane Swain on Aug. 12 in Malibu, Calif. Kiwi rugby player Nicholas John "Nick" Evans on Aug. 14 in Auckland. Am. "A Thousand Miles" pop singer-songwriter Vanessa Carlton on Aug. 16 in Milford, Penn. English rock musician Robert Byron "Bob" Hardy (Franz Ferdinand) on Aug. 16 in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire. Am. 6'1" tennis player James Spencer "Jim" Courier Jr. on Aug. 17 in Sanford, Fla. Am. "Dr. Kelly Lee in General Hospital", "Xiao-Mei in Desperate Housewives" actress Gwendoline See-Hian Yeo on Aug. 18 in Singapore, China; educated at UCLA. Am. 6'1" football QB (Chicago Bears #5, 2002-8) (Washington Redskins #8, 2010-1) Rex Daniel Grossman III on Aug. 23 in Bloomington, Ind.; educated at the U. of Fla. Am. "Kevin McCallister in Home Alone" actor Macaulay Carson Culkin on Aug. 26 in New York City; brother of Kieran Culkin (1982-) and Rory Culkin (1989-); nephew of Bonnie Bedelia (1948-); partner (2002-10) of Mila Kunis (1983-). Am. "James T. Kirk in Star Trek" actor Christopher Whitelaw "Chris" Pine on Aug. 26 in Los Angles, Calif.; grandson of Anne Gwynne (1918-2003). Canadian "Sam in Popular" actress Carly Pope on Aug. 28 in Vancouver, B.C. Canadian rock musician David Philippe Desrosiers (Simple Plan) on Aug. 29 in Montreal, Quebec. Am. "Schmidt in New Girl" actor Max Greenfield on Sept.4 in Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. Am. "Jen Lindley in Dawson's Creek", "Alma Beers in Brokeback Mountain" actress Michelle Ingrid Williams on Sept. 9 in Kalispell, Mont. Chinese 7'6" basketball player Yao Ming on Sept. 12 in Shanghai. Am. "Cory Matthews in Boy Meets World" actor Bennett Joseph "Ben" Savage on Sept. 13 in Chicago, Ill. British Islamist terrorist Bilal Talal Samad Abdullah on Sept. 17 in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Am. CNN journalist Brianna Marie Keilar on Sept. 21 in Canberra, Australia; emigrates to the U.S. in 1982; educated at UCB. South African 5'8-1/2" "Femme Fatales" actress-model Tanit Phoenix on Sept. 24 in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal; wife (2016-) of Sharlto Copley (1973-). Am. rapper-actor (black) T.I. (T.I.P.) (Clifford Joseph Harris Jr.) on Sept. 25 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. "Church Sherminator Sherman in American Pie" actor Christopher "Chris" Owen on Sept. 25 in Mich. Swedish 6'1" hockey player (Vancouver Canucks, 1999-) Daniel Sedin and Swedish 6'2" hockey player (Vancouver Canucks, 1999-) Henrik Sedin on Sept. 26 in Ornskoldsvik. Am. "Chuck Bartowski in Chuck" 6'4" actor Zachary Levi (Pugh) on Sept. 29 in Lake Charles, La. Slovakian tennis player Martina "Swiss Miss" Hingis on Sept. 30 in Kosice; daughter of tennis player Melanie Molitor. U.S. Rep. (D-Mass.) (2013-) Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy III on Oct. 4 in Brighton, Boston, Mass.; son of Joseph Patrick Kennedy II (1952-) and Sheila Brewster (Rauch); grandson of Bobby Kennedy (1925-68); great-nephew of Pres. John F. Kennedy (1917-63); twin brother of Matthew Kennedy. Am. "America's Got Talent", "The Masked Singer" actor-rapper-comedia (black) Nicholas Scott "Nick" Cannon on Oct. 8 in San Diego, Calif.; husband (2008-16) of Mariah Carey (1969-). Swedish 5'11" hockey player (Detroit Red Wings, 2002-) Henrik Zettterberg on Oct. 9 in Njurunda. Am. "Foolish" singer-actress (black) Ashanti Shequoiya Douglas on Oct. 13 in Glen Cove, N.Y. English "Henrik Sandahl The Danish Girl", "Q in Skyfall" actor Benjamin John "Ben" Whishaw on Oct. 14 in Clifton, Bedfordshire. Am. "Nothin' to Lose" country singer Joshua Mario "Josh" Gracin on Oct. 18 in Westland, Mich. Am. model-actress Kimberly Noel "Kim" Kardashian West on Oct. 21 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Armenian descent father Robert Kardashian (1944-2003) is O.J. Simpson's defense atty.; Dutch-Scottish descent mother Kris Jenner; step-daughter of Bruce Jenner; sister of Kourtney Kardashian, Khloe Kardashian, and Rob Kardashian; wife (2000-4) of Damon Thomas, (2011-13) Kris Humphries, and (2014-) Kanye West. Am. "The Boy Is Mine" R&B singer-actress (black) Monica Denise Arnold on Oct. 24 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. actor Ben Gould on Oct. 24 in Sacramento, Calif. Am. fashion designer (Jewish) (gay) Zachary E. "Zac" Posen on Oct. 24 in New York City. Am. "Anna Stern in The OC, "Juliet Darling in Dirty Sexy Money" actress Samaire Rhys Armstrong (pr. suh-MEER-uh) on Oct. 31 in Tokyo, Japan; Scottish father, Italian mother. Am. actor Eddie Kaye Thomas on Oct. 31. Am. "Am. Idol" R&B and gospel singer (black) George Clayton Huff Jr. on Nov. 4 in New Orleans, La. Am. TV personality Vanessa Joy Minnillo on Nov. 9 in Clark Air Base, Philippines; Italian-Irish descent father, Filipine descent mother; wife (2011-) of Nick Lachey (1973-). Am. 6'0" football WR (black) (New Orleans Saints #83 (2002-5) Donte (Donté) Lamar Stallworth on Nov. 10 in Sacramento, Calif.; educated at the U. of Tenn. Am. 5'9" "sportscaster Jessica Ofelia Mendoza on Nov. 11 in Camarillo, Calif.; of Mexican descent; educated at Stanford U. Canadian Sebastian Wilder in La La Land", "Officer K in Blade Runner 2049", "Neil Armstrong in First Man", "Dan Dunne Half Nelson" actor Ryan Thomas Gosling on Nov. 12 in London, Ont. U.S. Rep. (D-Calif.) (2013-) Eric Michael Swalwell Jr. on Nov. 16 in Sac City, Iowa; educated at Campbell U., and U. of Md. Saudi 9/11 hijacker (Sunni Muslim) Hamza al-Ghamdi (d. 2011) on Nov. 18 in Al Bahah Province. Am. 6'0" auto racer James Dennis Alan "Denny" Hamlin on Nov. 18 in Tampa, Fla. Am. 6'3" metalcore musician (Christian) Tim Lambesis (As I Lay Dying) on Nov. 21. Am. "Colleen Cooper in Dr. Quinn, Medican Woman" actress Jessica Robyn Bowman on Nov. 26 in Walnut Creek, Calif. Am. baseball outfielder (Philadelphia Phillies #8, 2005-) Shane Patrick Victorino on Nov. 30 in Wailuku, Hawaii; first Hawaiian-born positional player to be named to an All-Star team (2009). Am. "Vada Sultenfuss in My Girl", "Amy Brooheimer in Veep" actress (Roman Catholic) Anna Maria Chlumsky on Dec. 3 in Chicago, Ill. ; of Czech and Croatian sescent. Am. 6'1" golfer Brandt Snedeker on Dec. 8 in Nashville, Tenn. Am. "Howard Wolowitz in The Big Bang Theory" actor (Jewish) Simon Maxwell Helberg on Dec. 9 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. auto racer Ryan Hunter-Reay on Dec. 17 in Dallas, Tex. Am. "Jack Twist in Brokeback Mountain", "Anthony Swoff Swofford in Jarhead" actor (Jewish) Jacob Benjamin "Jake" Gyllenhaal on Dec. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Swedenborgian father, Jewish mother; son of dir. Stephen Gyllenhall and screenwriter Naomi Foner; sister of actress Maggie Gyllenhaal (1977-); descended from the noble Swedish Gyllenhaal family, incl. Leonard Gyllenhall (1752-1840). Am. "Luke in The O.C." actor James Christopher "Chris" Carmack on Dec. 22 in Washington, D.C. Am. tennis player James Riley Blake on Dec. 28 in Yonkers, N.Y.; African-Am. father, white British mother; brother of Thomas Blake Jr. (1976-); grows up in Fairfield, Conn. known for his dreadlocks. Am. "Tru Calling" actress Eliza Patricia Dushku on Dec. 30 in Boston, Mass.; Albanian-Am. father. Am. Tabby's Star astronomer Tabetha Suzanne Boyajian on ? in ?; of Armenian descent; educated at the College of Charleston, and Ga. State U. English anthropologist Edward Dutton on ? in London; educated at the U. of Durham, and U. of Aberdeen. Deaths: Am. Methodist missionary-educator Welthy Honsinger Fisher (b. 1879) on Dec. 16 in Southbury, Conn. U.S. Rep. (R-Ill.) (1941-5) Charles Schuveldt Dewey (b. 1880) on Dec. 27 in Washington, D.C. Am. Pueblo potter Maria Montoya Martinez (b. 1881) on July 20 in San Ildefonso Pueblo, N.M. German Thomas Mann's wife Katia Mann (b. 1883) on Apr. 25 in Kilchberg (near Zurich), Switzerland. English-born Am. "Enchantra in Bewitched" actress Estelle Winwood (b. 1883) on June 20 in Woodland Hills, Calif.; dies in her sleep; her final TV appearance in a 1979 episode of Quincy, M.E. makes her the oldest actor working in the U.S.; on her 100th birthday she replies to the usual question with "How rude of you to remind me." Am. "Glinda the Good Witch in Wizard of Oz" actress Billie Burke (b. 1884) on May 14 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. celeb (daughter of Teddy Roosevelt) Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth (b. 1884) on Feb. 20 in Washington, D.C. U.S. Supreme Court justice (1938-57) Stanley Forman Reed (b. 1884) on Apr. 2 in Huntington, N.Y. Am. "My Friend Flicka" novelist Mary O'Hara (b. 1885) on Oct. 14 in Chevy Chase, Md. (arteriosclerosis). Am. parapsychologist Joseph Banks Rhine (b. 1885) on Feb. 20 - the view from the banks of the Rhine? Austrian painter Oskar Kokoschka (b. 1886) on Feb. 22 in Montreux, Switzerland. French cryptanalyst Georges Painvin (b. 1886) on Jan. 21 in Paris. English "The Dippers" playwright Ben Travers (b. 1886) on Dec. 18 in London. Italian Vatican diplomat Francesco Lardone (b. 1887) on Jan. 30 in Moretta. Am. "They Died with Their Boots On" film dir. Raoul Walsh (b. 1887) on Dec. 31 in Simi Valley, Calif. (heart attack). North Vietnamese pres. #1 (1969-80) and Vietnamese pres. #1 (1975-80) Ton Duc Thang (b. 1888) on Mar. 30 in Hanoi. Am. silent film actress Dorothy Phillips (b. 1889) on Mar. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif. (pneumonia); appeared in 150+ films. Am. "The Green Pastures" playwright Marc Connelly (b. 1890) on Dec. 21 in New York City. Am. producer Sol Lesser (b. 1890) on Sept. 19 in Hollywood, Calif.; signed Jackie Coogan in 1922. Am. "Ship of Fools" writer Katherine Anne Porter (b. 1890) on Sept. 18 in Silver Spring, Md.: "I have only nothing, but it is enough, it is beautiful and it is all mine"; "Love must be learned, and learned again and again; there is no end to it. Hate needs no instruction, but wants only to be provoked"; "I shall try to tell the truth, but the result will be fiction"; "Evil puts up a terrible fight, and it always wins in the end." Am. Kentucky Fried Chicken king Colonel Harland Sanders (b. 1890) on Dec. 16 in Shelbyville, Ky. (pneumonia). German U-boat Adm. Karl Doenitz (b. 1891) on Dec. 24 near Hamburg (heart attack); the last Fuhrer. Am. novelist Grace Lumpkin (b. 1891). Am. "Gourmet" mag. founder (1941-) Earle McAusland (b. 1891) on June 4 on Nantucket Island, Mass.; Conde Nast Pubs. purchases the mag., which folds in Oct. 2009. U.S. Rep. (D-Mass.) and Speaker of the House (1962-71) John W. McCormack (b. 1891) on Nov. 22 in Dedham, Mass. Am. "Tropic of Capricorn/Cancer" novelist Henry Miller (b. 1891) on June 7: "Until we lose ourselves there is no hope of finding ourselves"; "Like ships, men founder time and again." Italian Socialist politician Petro Nenni (b. 1891) on Jan. 1 in Rome. Am. anti-Catholic writer Paul Blanshard (b. 1892) on Jan. 27 in St. Petersburg, Fla. Am. cryptography pioneer Elizabeth Friedman (b. 1892) on Oct. 31. Am. writer Howard Mumford Jones (b. 1892) on May 11. Am. Ampex Corp. founder Alexander M. Poniatoff (b. 1892). Am. folklorist Vance Randolph (b. 1892) on Nov. 1 in Fayetteville, Ark. Yugoslav PM Marshal Josip Broz Tito (b. 1892) on May 4. Am. celeb child Esther Cleveland (b. 1893) on June 25 in Tamworth, N.H. English actress-comedian Dame Cicely Courtneidge (b. 1893) on Apr. 26 in London. Am. comedian Jimmy Durante "the Schnozz" (b. 1893) on Jan. 29 in Santa Monica, Calif. (pneumonia); his longtime partner Eddie Jackson (b. 1896) dies on July 16: "Everybody wants to get into the act"; "Be nice to people on the way up - they're the same people you'll pass on the way down." Am. "Kirkus Reviews" founder Virginia Kirkus (b. 1893) on Sept. 10 in Danbury, Conn. Am. actress-writer Mae West (b. 1893) on Nov. 22 in Los Angeles, Calif. (stroke): "It's not the men in my life, it's the life in my men"; "I was Snow White... but I drifted"; "Too much of a good thing can be wonderful"; "When I'm good I'm very good but when I'm bad I'm better"; "I always say, keep a diary and some day it'll keep you"; "I like two kinds of men: domestic and imported"; "Save a boyfriend for a rainy day and another in case it doesn't rain"; "Is that a pistol in your pocket or are you happy to see me?"; "I believe in censorship. I made a fortune out of it." German Gen. Friedrich Hossbach (b. 1894) on Sept. 10 in Gottingen. Russian-born Am. inventor (photo booth, 1-knob shower handle) Anatol M. Josepho (b. 1894) in Dec. Am. AFL-CIO pres. (1952-79) George Meany (b. 1894) on Jan. 10 in Washington, D.C.: "The most persistent threat to freedom, to the rights of Americans, is fear" - behind the disappearance of Jimmy Hoffa? Indian pres. #4 (1969-74) V.V. Giri (b. 1894) on June 23 in Madrais. Russian-born Am. statistician Jerzy Neyman (b. 1894) on Aug. 5 in Oakland, Calif. Am. "The Philadelphia Story" writer Donald Ogden Stewart (b. 1894) on Aug. 2 in London. German V-2 rocket program leader Walter Dornberger (b. 1895) on June 27 in Baden-Wurttemberg. English physicist Sir Charles Drummond Ellis (b. 1895) on Jan. 10 in Cookham. Spanish conductor-pianist Jose Iturbi (b. 1895) on June 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. screenwriter Gene Markey (b. 1895) on May 1 in Miami Beach, Fla. Russian-born Am. "Mutiny on the Bounty" dir. Lewis Milestone (b. 1895) on Sept. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). Am. parapsychology researcher J.B. Rhine (b. 1895) in Hillsborough, N.C. Am. "Earth Abides" historian-novelist George R. Stewart (b. 1895) on Aug. 22. German physical chemist Erich Huckel (b. 1896) on Feb. 16. Am. comedian Eddie Jackson (b. 1896) on July 16 in Sherman Oaks, Calif. English Fascist leader Oswald Mosley (b. 1896) on Dec. 3. Am. "My Favorite Brunette" dir. Elliott Nugent (b. 1896) on Aug. 9 in New York City. Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget (b. 1896) on Sept. 17 in Geneva. Am. journalist-historian Herbert Sebastian Agar (b. 1897) on Nov. 24 in Sussex, England: "The truth which makes men free is for the most part the truth which men prefer not to hear"; "Civilization rests on a set of promises; if the promises are broken too often, the civilization dies, no matter how rich it may be, or how mechanically clever. Hope and faith depend on the promises; if hope and faith go, everything goes"; "This is the burden of freedom: that it is all our fault or our credit." Am. Catholic Worker Movement co-founder Dorothy Day (b. 1897) on Nov. 29 in New York City. Russian anarchist Mollie Steimer (b. 1897) on July 23 in Cuernevaca, Mexico. English archeologist-minister Anthony John Arkell (b. 1898) on Feb. 26 in Chelmsford, Essex. Am. set designer Boris Aronson (b. 1898) on Nov. 16 in Nyack, N.Y. Am. Nystatin microbiologist Rachel Fuller Brown (b. 1898) on Jan. 14 in Albany, N.Y. U.S. Supreme Court justice #80 (1939-74) William Orville Douglas (b. 1898) on Jan. 19 in Washington, D.C. (pneumonia); longest term at 36 years 209 days. Hungarian Communist leader Erno Gero (b. 1898) on Mar. 12 in Budapest. Puerto Rican gov. #1 (1949-65) Luis Munoz Marin (b. 1898) on Apr. 30 in San Juan. Am. auto racer Peter DePaolo (b. 1898) on Nov. 26. South African-born English holiday camp king Sir Billy Butlin (b. 1899) on June 12. English "Master of Suspense" film dir. Alfred Hitchcock (b. 1899) on Apr. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. (kidney failure); five Oscar nominations, zero wins: "The length of a film should be directly related to the endurance of the human bladder"; "I never said all actors are cattle, what I said was all actors should be treated like cattle." Polish actress Ida Kaminska (b. 1899) on May 21 in New York City (heart failure). Am. McDonnell Aircraft Corp. founder James Smith "Mac" McDonnell (b. 1899) on Aug. 22. Am. "Winter Weather" composer Ted Shapiro (b. 1899) on Mar. 26 in Bay Harbor, Fla. Am. quantum theory of magnetism physicist John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (b. 1899) on Oct. 27 in Cambridge, Mass.; 1977 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. politician Helen Gahagan Douglas (b. 1900) on June 28 in New York City (cancer): "In trying to make something new, half the undertaking lies in discovering whether it can be done. Once it has been established that it can, duplication is inevitable." German psychoanalyst Erich Fromm (b. 1900) on Mar. 18 in Muralto, Switzerland: "Modern man thinks he loses something - time - when he does not do things quickly. Yet he does not know what to do with the time he gains - except kill it." Soviet marshal Filipp Golikov (b. 1900) on July 29. Austrlian PM #18 (1967-8) Sir John McEwen (b. 1900) on Nov. 20 in Melbourne. German U-boat designer Hermann Walther (b. 1900) on Dec. 16 in Upper Montclair, N.J. Am. drama critic Harold Edgar Clurman (b. 1901) on Sept. 9 in New York City (cancer). German-Danish biologist Joachim Hammerling (b. 1901) on Aug. 5. Russian-born Am. conductor Andre Kostelanetz (b. 1901) on Jan. 13 in Port-au-Prince, Haiti (heart attack). Am. "Scrambled Brains" actress Babe London (b. 1901) on Nov. 29 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Italian sculptor Marino Marini (b. 1901) on Aug. 6 in Viareggio. Am. "Scarface" actor George Raft (b. 1901) on Nov. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. (leukemia); dies two days after Mae West, causing their bodies to rest alongside each other in the same hallway of a mortuary; his personal effects are offered for $800 in Hemming's Motor News in fall 1981. Am. bank robber "Slick" Willie Sutton (b. 1901) on Nov. 2 in Spring Hill, Fla. Am. "Abner Kravitz in Bewitched" actor George Tobias (b. 1901) on Feb. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. (bladder cancer). Am. historian William Kitchener Jordan (b. 1902) on June 3. German radiochemist Fritz Strassmann (b. 1902) on Apr. 22 in Mainz. Am. country musician Hugh Farr (b. 1903) on Mar. 17. German physicist Pascual Jordan (b. 1902) on July 31 in Hamburg. Am. historian Charles Coleman Sellers (b. 1903) on Jan. 31 in Sydney, Australia. English artist Graham Vivian Sutherland (b. 1903) on Feb. 17 in London. Am. "Milburn Drysdale in The Beverly Hillbillies" actor Raymond Thomas Bailey (b. 1904) on Apr. 15 in Irvine, Calif. (heart attack). English "Steps to an Ecology of Mind" anthropologist Gregory Bateson (b. 1904) on July 4 in San Francisco, Calif. English designer-photographer Sir Cecil Beaton (b. 1904) on Jan. 18 in Broadchalke, Wiltshire: "The truly fashionable are beyond fashion." Swiss-born Cuban novelist Alejo Carpentier (b. 1904) on Apr. 24 in Paris (cancer): "For what is the history of Latin America but a chronicle of magical realism?" Soviet PM (1964-80) Alexei N. Kosygin (b. 1904) on Dec. 18 in Moscow (heart attack); leaves 2nd wife Patricia Still (-2005). Am. drama critic Louis Kronenberger (b. 1904) on Apr. 30 in Brookline, Mass. (Alzheimer's). Am. painter Clyfford Still (b. 1904) on June 23 in Baltimore, Md. (cancer); dies 5 mo. after a Jan. exhibition of his abstract paintings at the Met, the largest 1-man exhibition by a living artist to date. Am. Genovese crime family boss Frank Tieri (b. 1904) on Mar. 31 in Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City. Am. historian Merrill Monroe Jensen (b. 1905) on Jan. 30 in Madison, Wisc. Pakistani PM #4 (1955-6) Chaudhry Mohammad Ali (b. 1905) on Dec. 2 in Karachi (cardiac arrest). Am. actor Sam Levene (b. 1905) on Dec. 28 in New York City (heart attack). Anglo-Italian conductor Annunzio Mantovani (b. 1905) on Mar. 29 in Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Polish mathematician (Enigma Machine codebreaker) Marian Rejewski (b. 1905) on Feb. 13 in Warsaw (heart attack). French existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre (b. 1905) on Apr. 15 in Paris (pulmonary edema); first person to decline a Nobel Prize (2nd Le Duc Tho): "Hell is other people" - had an existential meltdown? Am. "Boys Town" dir.-writer-producer Dore Schary (b. 1905) on July 7 in New York City (cancer). English physicist-novelist C.P. Snow (b. 1905) on July 1 in Lincoln. Austrian Asperger's Syndrome pediatrician Hans Asperger (b. 1906) on Oct. 21 in Vienna. Am. "Mood Indigo" jazz musician-composer Barney Bigard (b. 1906) on June 27 in Culver City, Calif. (cancer). Portuguese PM #102 (1968-74) Marcelo Caetano (b. 1906) on Oct. 26 in Rio de Janeiro. Am. historian Bell Irvin Wiley (b. 1906) on Apr. 4; the New York Civil War Round Table establishes the Bell I. Wiley Award to deserving authors who write about U.S. Civil War themes. Am. radio announcer Harry von Zell (b. 1906) on Nov. 21 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (cancer). Am. basketball player Tarzan Cooper (b. 1907) on Dec. 19 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. "With a Song in My Heart" singer-actress Jane Froman (b. 1907) on Apr. 22 in Columbia, Mo. Am. computer pioneer John William Mauchly (b. 1907) on Jan. 8 in Ambler, Penn. (heart surgery). Am. writer Robert Ardrey (b. 1908) on Jan. 14 in South Africa. Canadian-Am. "Cool Water", "Tumbling Tumbleweeds" songwriter Bob Nolan (b. 1908) on June 16 in Newport Beach, Calif. (heart attack). Am. C-14 dating scientist Willard Frank Libby (d. 1908) on Sept. 8 in Los Angeles, Calif. (blood clot). Hungarian-born Am. "The Time Machine" producer-animator George Pal (b. 1908) on May 2 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart attack). Czech "Born Free" conservationist Joy Adamson (b. 1910) on Jan. 3 in N Kenya (murdered). Am. composer Richard Franko Goldman (b. 1910) on Jan. 19 in Baltimore, Md. Am. actress-singer Lillian Roth (b. 1910) on May 12 in New York City (cancer). Am. cardiologist Herman Tarnower (b. 1910) on Mar. 10 in Purchase, N.Y. (murdered). Am. humorist Sam Levenson (b. 1911) on Aug. 27; leaves the poem Time-Tested Beauty Tips for his grandchild, which ends up getting attributed to Audrey Hepburn, who often quoted it: "It's so simple to be wise. Just think of something stupid to say and say the opposite"; "Unhappiness starts with wanting to be happier"; "Happiness is a by-product. You cannot pursue it by yourself." Canadian mass media philosopher Herbert Marshall McLuhan (b. 1911) on Dec. 31 in Toronto, Ont.: "Surface at once. The ship is sinking." Am biochemist William Howard Stein (b. 1911) on Feb. 2 in New York City; 1972 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. "Red Ryder" actor Don "Red" Barry (b. 1912) on July 17 in North Hollywood, Calif. (suicide). Australian psychiatrist John Cade (b. 1912) on Nov. 16 in Fitzroy, Victoria. Am. "Heavy Organ" organist Virgil Fox (b. 1912) on Oct. 25 in Palm Beach, Fla. (prostate cancer). Welsh "Ben-Hur" actor Hugh Griffith (b. 1912) on May 14 in London (cancer). Canadian Quebec PM #19 (1960-6) Jean Lesage (b. 1912) on Dec. 12 in Sillery (near Quebec City), Quebec. Canadian "Tonto in The Lone Ranger" actor Jay Silverheels (b. 1912) on Mar. 5 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (pneumonia). Am. artist Tony Smith (b. 1912) on Dec. 26 in New York City (heart attack). Canadian-born Am. artist Philip Guston (b. 1913) on June 7 in Woodstock, N.Y. (heart attack in an elevator). Am. poet Robert Hayden (b. 1913) on Feb. 25 in Ann Arbor, Mich. Am. Nazi-beating black athlete Jesse Owens (b. 1913) on Mar. 31 in Tucson, Ariz. (lung cancer). Am. poet Muriel Rukeyser (b. 1913) on Feb. 12 in New York City (heart attack): "That first green night of their dream, asleep beneath the Tree,/ God said, 'Let meanings move', and there was poetry." Czech-born British conductor Walter Susskind (b. 1913) on Mar. 25 in Berkeley, Calif. Liberian pres. #20 (1971-80) William R. Tolbert Jr. (b. 1913) on Apr. 12 in Monrovia (assassinated). Italian dir. Mario Bava (b. 1914) on Apr. 27 in Rome (heart attack). Canadian hockey player Reg Bentley (b. 1914) on Sept. 1 in Red Deer, Alberta. Lithuanian-born French novelist-dir.-diplomat Romain Gary (b. 1914) on Dec. 2 in Paris (suicide); no relation to Jean Seberg's 1979 suicide? Am. Texas Instruments co-founder Patrick Eugene Haggerty (b. 1914) on Oct. 1 in Dallas, Tex. Am. screenwriter Charles R. Marion (b. 1914) on Sept. 29 in North Hollywood, Calif. Am. "Fanny Brice's mother in Funny Girl" actress Kay Medford (b. 1914) on Apr. 10 in New York City (cervical cancer). French philosopher Roland Barthes (b. 1915) on Mar. 25 in Paris (injuries from an automobile accident). Am. "Hop Sing in Bonanza" actor Victor Sen Young (b. 1915) on Nov. 9 in North Hollywood, Calif. Russian ship designer Rostislav Alexeyev (b. 1916) on Feb. 9 in Gorky. Am. "Paladin in Have Gun, Will Travel" actor Richard Boone (b. 1917) on Jan. 10 in St. Augustine, Fla. (throat cancer). Pakistani pres. #3 (1969-71) Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (b. 1917) on Aug. 10 in Rawalpindi. El Salvadorian San Salvador archbishop #4 (1977-80) Oscar Romero (b. 1917) on Mar. 24 in San Salvador assassinated); on Mar. 24, 2010 the U.N. Gen. Assembly proclaims Mar. 24 as "the Internat. Day for the Right to the Truth Concerning Gross Human Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims" in his honor; declared a martyr by Pope Francis on Feb. 3, 2015, and beatified on May 23, 2015. Am. country music singer Red Sovine (b. 1917) on Apr. 4 in Nashville, Tenn. (heart attack). Am. novelist George P. Elliott (b. 1918) in New York City. Argentine actor-singer Dick Haymes (b. 1918) on Mar. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lung cancer). Am. blues musician Professor Longhair (b. 1918) on Jan. 30 in New Orleans, La. Am. choreographer-dancer Gower Champion (b. 1919) on Aug. 25 in New York City (rare blood cancer). Am. "The Night of the Hunter" novelist Davis Grubb (b. 1919) on July 24 in New York City. Am. actress Kay Medford (b. 1919) on Apr. 10 in New York City. Iranian shah (1941-79) Mohammed Reza Pahlavi II (b. 1919) on July 27 near Cairo (cancer); buried in Al Rifa'i Mosque along with his father Reza Pahlavi I and brother-in-law Egyptian king Farouk. Am. "Boss Man in Cool Hand Luke" actor Strother Martin (b. 1919) on Aug. 1 in Thousand Oaks, Calif. (heart attack). Am. ecologist Robert Harding Whittaker (b. 1920). German "Strangers in the Night", "Spanish Eyes" composer Bert Kaempfert (b. 1923) on June 21 in Majorca. Am. country musician Jimmy Bryant (b. 1925) on Sept. 22 in Moultrie, Ga. (lung cancer). Nicaraguan dictator (1967-72, 1974-9) Anastasio Somoza Debayle (b. 1925) on Sept. 17 in Asuncion, Paraguay (assassinated). English actor Peter Sellers (b. 1925) on July 24 in London (heart attack); requests that Glenn Miller's "In the Mood" be played at his funeral, which is funny because he hates it?; his only son Michael Sellers (b. 1954), whom he left only Ł800 to dies on July 24, 2006 of a heart attack. Am. R&B singer Amos Milburn (b. 1927) on Jan. 3. Welsh actress Rachel Roberts (b. 1927) on Nov. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif. (suicide); takes a barbituate OD after her ex-hubby (1962-71) Rex Harrison refuses to take her back. English "Oh! Calcutta!" critic-playwright Kenneth Peacock Tynan (b. 1927) on July 26 in Santa Monica, Calif. (emphysema): "The greatest films are those which show how society shapes man. The greatest plays are those which show how man shapes society"; "I doubt if there are any rational people to whom the word 'fuck' would be particularly diabolical, revolting or totally forbidden." Am. poet James Arlington Wright (b. 1927) on Mar. 25 in New York City (cancer of the tongue) - was it someone he ate? Guinean exiled novelist Camara Laye (b. 1928) on Feb. 4 in Dakar, Senegal (kidney infection). Am. Misery Index economist Arthur Melvin Okun (b. 1928) on Mar. 23 in Washington, D.C. Am. jazz pianist Bill Evans (b. 1929) on Sept. 15 in New York City (pneumonia); dies after "the longest suicide in history" (Peter Pettinger) caused by decades of doing drugs. Am. baseball player Elston Howard (b. 1929) on Dec. 14 in New York City. U.S. rep. (D-N.Y.) (1969-71) Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (b. 1929) on Mar. 14 in New York City (murdered). Am. "The Fugitive" actor David Janssen (b. 1930) on Feb. 13 in Malibu, Calif. (heart attack) (OD?). Am. "Mr. Cool" actor Steve McQueen (b. 1930) on Nov. 7 in Juarez, Mexico (throat cancer); Oscars won: 0: "I'm not sure whether I'm an actor who races or a racer who acts"; "Racing is life. Anything before or after is just waiting"; "I'm not a great actor, let's face it. I don't have a great deal of scope. There are certain things I can do, but when I'm bad, I stink"; "There's something about my shaggy dog eyes that make people think I'm good. I'm not all that good"; "I would rather wake up in the middle of nowhere than in any city on earth" - best good-looking corpse ever? French actress Odile Versois (b. 1930) on June 23 in Paris. Am. actress-dir. Barbara Loden (b. 1932) on Sept. 5 in New York City (breast cancer). Dutch supermodel Wilhelmina (b. 1939) on Mar. 1 in Greenwich, Conn. (lung cancer). English Beatles rocker John Ono Lennon (b. 1940) on Dec. 8 in New York City (murdered): "I don't know which will go first, rock and roll or Christianity"; "I'm an artist, and if you give me a tuba, I'll bring you something out of it"; "The more real you get the more unreal the world gets." Am. "If I Were a Carpenter" folk singer Tim Hardin (b. 1941) on Dec. 29 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heroin OD). Australian-Scottish "AC/DC" lead singer Bon Scott (b. 1946) on Feb. 19 in London (alcoholism). Indian politician Sanjay Gandhi (b. 1946) on June 23 in New Delhi (airplane crash). French physicist Joel Scherk (b. 1946) on May 16. Am. "National Lampoon" co-founder Douglas C. Kenney (b. 1947) on Aug. 27 in Kauai, Hawaii; falls from 30-ft. Hanapepe Lookout after getting depressed about his flop "Caddyshack"; "Doug probably fell while he was looking for a place to jump." (Harold Ramis) English Led Zeppelin drummer John Bonham (b. 1948) on Sept. 25 in Clewer, Windsor (alcoholism); dies in the house of Jimmy Page after drinking 40 measures of vodka and inhaling his own vomit. Am. rock musician Keith Godchaux (b. 1948) on July 23 in Marin County, Calif. (car accident). English "Joy Division" rocker Ian Curtis (b. 1956) on May 18 in Macclesfield (suicide by hanging). Canadian actress-model Dorothy Stratten (b. 1960) on Aug. 14 in Los Angeles, Calif.; murder-suicide by her Vancouver-born estranged hubby Paul Leslie Snider (1951-80).



1981 - The Ronald Reagan Prince Charles and Princess Diana MTV IBM PC Model 5150 Year? Good year to survive a political assassination?

IBMI PC Model 5150, Aug. 12, 1981 Lewis C. Eggebrecht Ronald Reagan of the U.S. (1911-2004) Ronald Reagan of the U.S. (1911-2004) Ronald Reagan of the U.S. (1911-2004) U.S. Pres. Ronald Reagan's Jelly Beans Nancy Reagan of the U.S. (1921-2016) George Herbert Walker Bush of the U.S. (1924-2018) Barbara Bush of the U.S. (1925-) William J. Casey of the U.S. (1913-87) Caspar Weinberger of the U.S. (1917-2006) David Alan Stockman of the U.S. (1946-) Paul Laxalt of the U.S. (1922-2018) Donald Thomas Regan of the U.S. (1918-2003) Jeane Jordan Kirkpatrick of the U.S. (1926-2006) Richard Pipes of the U.S. (1923-2018) Anne Gorsuch Burford of the U.S. (1942-2004) Raymond James Donovan of the U.S. (1930-) John Rusling Block of the U.S. (1935-) James Gaius Watt of the U.S. (1938-) Arthur Betz Laffer of the U.S. (1940-) Paul Craig Roberts (1939-) Robert Dickson Crane of the U.S. (1929-) Francois Mitterrand of France (1916-96) Pierre Mauroy of France (1928-) Mir Hussein Mousavi of Iran (1942-) Mahathir bin Mohamad of Malaysia (1925-) Lt. Jerry Rawlings of Ghana (1947-) George Cadle Price of Belize (1919-) John Edwin Mroz of the U.S. (1948-2014) Polish Col. Ryszard Jerzy Kuklinski (1930-2004) Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana, July 29, 1981 Prince Charles (1948-) and Lady Diana of Britain (1961-97) David Emanuel (1952-) and Elizabeth Emanuel (1953-) Canterbury Archbishop Robert Runcie (1921-2000 MTV, 1981- Mehmet Ali Agca (1958-) and Pope John Paul II (1920-2005) Abdi Ipekci (1929-79) Lyn Nofziger of the U.S. (1924-2006) Reagan Assassination Attempt, Mar. 30, 1981 John Hinckley Jr. (1955-) James Scott 'Jim' Brady of the U.S. (1940-2014) Timothy J. McCarthy of the U.S. (1949-) U.S. Gen. Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. (1924-2010) Enrique Bermudez Varela of Nicaragua (1932-91) Blind Sheik Omar Abdel-Rahman (1938-2017) Peter William Sutcliffe (1946-) Yorkshire Ripper Victims, 1975-80 Bobby Sands (1954-81) British Col. Mike Hoare (1920-) Jiang Qing of China (1914-91) Hu Yaobang of China (1915-89) Andreas Papandreou of Greece (1919-96) Giovanni Spadolini of Italy (1925-94) Roberto Suazo Cordova of Honduras (1927-) Javier Pérez Cuéllar of Peru (1920-) Gen. Celso Torrelio Villa of Bolivia (1933-99) Gen. Gregorio Alvarez of Uruguay (1926-) Hosni Mubarak of Egypt (1928-) Abbud al-Zumar of Egypt (1947-) Mohammad Javad Bahonar of Iran (1933-81) Polish Gen. Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (1923-) Andre Dieudonne Kolingba of Central African Republic (1935-) Sandra Day O'Connor of the U.S. (1930-) Gen. Roberto Eduardo Viola of Argentina (1924-94) Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea of Ecuador (1939-) Abdus Sattar of Bangladesh (1906-85) Gro Harlem Brundtland of Norway (1939-) Kare Willoch of Norway (1928-) Charles Haughey of Ireland (1925-2006) Garret FitzGerald of Ireland (1926-) Farooq Abdullah of Kashmir (1937-) Kukoi Samba Sanyang of Gambia (1952-) Abdou Diouf of Senegal (1935-) Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini of San Marino (1954-) Robert Laurel Crippen (1937-) and John Watts Young (1930-) of the U.S. Mark S. Fowler of the U.S. (1941-) Norman St. John-Stevas of Britain (1929-) Andrew Sharp Peacock of Britain (1939-) Edward Cecil Parkinson of Britain (1931-) William French Smith of the U.S. (1917-90) Israeli Gen. David Ivry (1934-) Alfredino Rampi (1975-81) Henry Cisneros of the U.S. (1947-) David C. Treen of the U.S. (1928-) Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead (1920-2003) David Anthony Llewellyn Owen, Baron Owen of Plymouth (1938-) Shirley Williams, Baroness William of Crosby (1930-) Sir Norman Stronge of Northern Ireland (1894-1981) U.S. Gen. James Lee Dozier (1931-) Arthur Scargill of Britain (1938-) Leonid Popov (1945-) and Dumitru Prumariu (1952-) of the Soviet Union Vladimir Kovalyonok of the Soviet Union (1942-) Viktor Savinykh of the Soviet Union (1940-) Vladimir Dzhanibekov of the Soviet Union (1942-) Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa of the Soviet Union (1947-) Irish Capt. Sir Norman Stronge (1894-1981) Irish Capt. James Matthew Stronge (1932-81) Donna Payant (1950-81) Lemuel Warren Smith (1941-) Licio Gelli (1919-) Emilio Fermin Mignone (1922-98) Nawal El Saadawi (1931-) The Keddie Murders, Apr. 11/12, 1981 James Arthur Williams (1930-90) Frank Tieri (1904-81) Jim Plunkett (1947-) Paul William 'Bear' Bryant (1913-83) Mark Aguirre (1959-) Isiah Thomas (1961-) Buck Williams (1960-) Jerry Sloan (1942-) Frank Layden (1932-) Fernando Valenzuela (1960-) Trevor Berbick (1955-2006) Muhammad Ali v. Trevor Berbick, Dec. 11, 1981 Sugar Ray Leonard (1956-) Thomas 'Hitman' Hearns (1958-) Scott Hamilton (1958-) Nick Bollettieri (1931-) Chris Evert of the U.S. (1954-) Tracy Austin of the U.S. (1962-) Nancy Pelosi of the U.S. (1940-) Butch Goring (1949-) Greg Norman (1955-) Ric Flair (1949-) Elias Canetti (1905-94) Nicolaas Bloembergen (1920-) Charles Hard Townes (1915-) and Arthur Leonard Schawlow (1921-99) Kai M. Siegbahn (1918-2007) Roald Hoffmann (1937-) Kenichi Fukui (1918-98) David Hunter Hubel (1926-) Robert P. Kirshner (1949-) Torsten Nils Wiesel (1924-) James Tobin (1918-2002) George Nichopoulos (1927-) Amartya Sen (1933-) Morris Dees (1936-) Mumia Abu-Jamal (1954-) John Edward Walsh Jr. (1945-) Adam John Walsh (1974-81) Ottis Elwood Toole (1947-96) Henry Lee Lucas (1936-2001) Wayne Bertram Williams (1958-) Anne Wexler (1921-2009) Fred Alan Wolf (1934-) Amma the Hugging Saint (1953-) Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh (1931-90) Ma Anand Sheela (1950-) Fouad A. Ajami (1945-) Chris Van Allsburg (1949-) Maya Angelou (1928-) C. Fred Bergsten (1941-) Ben Bova (1932-) David Bradley (1950-) Anita Brookner (1928-) Robert Olen Butler (1945-) Lorna Dee Cervantes (1954-) Jackie Collins (1937-2015) Robin Cook (1940-) Gregory Corso (1930-2001) John Crowley (1942-) John Darwin (1948-) Marvin Davis (1925-2004) Ira Einhorn (1940-) James Ellroy (1948-) Sir Martin John Evans (1941-) Daniel J. Faulkner (1955-81) Maudelle Shirek of the U.S. (1911-) Anatoly Fomenko (1945-) George F. Gilder (1939-) Albert Goldman (1927-94) Nadine Gordimer (1923-) Alasdair Gray (1934- Bob Hall (1943-) Alvin Rabushka (1940-) Velina Hasu Houston (1957-) John Irving (1942-) Gayl Jones (1949-) Norman Lear (1922-) Catharine A. MacKinnon (1946-) Andrea Dworkin (1946-) Christian Louboutin (1964-) Bobbie Ann Mason (1940-) William S. McFeely (1930-) Richard Allen Posner (1939-) Sri Sri Ravi Shankar Ratnam (1956-) Rupert Sheldrake (1942-) Robert James Shiller (1946-) Donald Michael Thomas (1935-) William Wharton (1925-2008) Lanford Wilson (1937-) Tobias Wolff (1945-) Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87) John Holmes (1944-88) Dan Goodwin (1955-) 'Tattoo You' by the Rolling Stones, 1981 Kim Carnes (1945-) Peter Cetera (1944-) Jimmy Destri (1954-) Billy Idol (1955-) Duran Duran The Go-Go's The Human League R.E.M. Soft Cell Spandau Ballet Men at Work Depeche Mode Mötley Crüe Quarterflash Bow Wow Wow Stray Cats Rick James (1948-2004) Kix Level 42 Romeo Void A Flock of Seagulls Taco Ockerse (1955-) George Strait (1952-) Tommy Tutone Thompson Twins Abbbey Lincoln (1930-2010) Cedar Walton (1934-2013) Ronnie Milsap (1943-) Anne Murray (1945-) Klaus Nomi (1944-83) Tommy Boy Records Judge Joseph Albert Wapner (1919-2017) Carolina Herrera (1939-) Carolina Herrera Example Michael Kors (1959-) Tom Eyen (1940-91) William Finn (1952-) V.S. Naipaul (1932-2018), Norman Panama (1914-2003) Martin Cruz Smith (1942-) 'Hill Street Blues', 1981-7 'Dynasty', 1981-9 Falcon Crest', 1981-90 'The Greatest American Hero', 1981-3 'Bergerac', 1981-91 'Simon & Simon', 1981-9 Pat Sajak (1946-) Vanna White (1957-) 'Wheel of Fortune', 1974- 'The Smurfs', 1981-9 'Cats', 1981 'Dreamgirls', 1981 'Torch Song Trilogy', 1981 Harvey Fierstein (1952-) Ringo Starr (1940-) and Barbara Bach (1947-) Barbara Bach (1947-) Elkie Brooks (1945-) Nora Roberts (1950-) Larry Shue (1946-85) Jean-Jacques Beineix (1946-) 'Endless Love', starring Brooke Shields (1965-), 1981 Tom Cruise (1962-) 'Endless Love', by Lionel Richie (1949-) and Diana Ross (1944-) Lionel Richie (1949-) The Replacements 'An American Werewolf in London', 1981 'Arthur', 1981 'Body Heat', 1981 'Caveman', 1981 'Chariots of Fire', 1981 Vangelis (1943-) 'Das Boot', 1981 'Escape from New York', starring Kurt Russell (1951-), 1981 'The Evil Dead', 1981 'Excalibur', 1981 'For Your Eyes Only', 1981 'Galaxy of Terror', 1981 'Gallipoli', 1981 'Ghost Story', 1981 'Gregorys Girl', 1981 'Heartworn Highways', 1981 'The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy', 1981 'Outland', 1981 'Reds', 1981 Steven Spielberg (1946-) 'Raiders of the Lost Ark', 1981 'The Road Warrior', 1981 Scanners (1981-) 'Stripes', 1981 'Taps', 1981 'Time Bandits', 1981 'The Wolfen', 1981 'Natalie Wood Dies', Nov. 28, 1981 Judy Mazel (1943-2007) 'Mayor Koch' by Alice Neel (1900-84), 1981 'Stephen's Iron Crown' by Robert Motherwell, 1981 N.R. Narayana Murthy (1946-) Azim Hashim Premji (1945-) Adam Osborne (1939-) Osborne I, 1981 Shigeru Miyamoto (1952-) Donkey Kong, 1981 Mario Bros., 1983 Humvee, 1981 2K22 Tunguska F-117 Nighthawk Tu-160 White Swan Boeing 767 Quiznos, 1981 My Little Pony, 1981 'Jane Fondas Workout Book', by Jane Fonda (1937-), 1981 Meadlowlands Arena, 1981 Cabrillo Marine Aquarium, 1981

1981 Doomsday Clock: 4 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Rooster (Feb. 5) - Reagan jokes here? Time Mag. Man of the Year: Lech Walesa (1943-). World pop.: 4.5B (vs. 2.5B in 1950); China: 957M, India: 664M, U.S.S.R.: 266M, U.S.: 228M (incl. 26.5M blacks and 14.6M Hispanics), Indonesia: 152M, Brazil: 122M, Japan: 117M, Bangladesh: 88M, Nigeria: 77M, Mexico: 72M, West Germany: 61M, Italy: 57M, Britain: 56M, France: 54M, Vietnam: 52M, Egypt: 42M, Spain: 38M, Poland: 35M, Canada: 24M. World oil prices peak at $36 a barrel this year. Japan's GNP per capita: $9,925 (vs. $2,195 in 1971); trade surplus with the U.S.: $15.8B (vs. $3.2B in 1981); private sector employment: 54M (vs. 51M in 1981). U.S. auto sales: 6.2M (lowest since 1961); Japan voluntarily limits U.S. imports to 1.68M units. Japan bails out the U.S. economy by loading up on 30-year U.S. govt. bonds. This year Kukui, Kauai, Hawaii receives a record 704.83 in. of rainfall; in Mar. Mt. Waialeale in Kauai receives 148.83 in. The top 10 CEOs in the U.S. receive an avg. compensation of $3.5M a year. The female literacy rate in India is only 24.88%, compared to 46.74% for males, with 84% of boys ages 6-14 enrolled in school vs. 54% of girls. Cuba has an epidemic of Dengue hemorrhagic fever, with 344,203 cases. Children born in 1981-95 are considered to be part of the "Buckle-Up for Safety" Generation Y (Millennials) (Net Generation) (Generation 9/11) (Generation Next), coming after Generation X (1965-80), which follows the numerically-dominant Baby Boomers (1946-64); a 2006 Pew Research Center Study finds Gen. Y to be more tolerant and obsessed with becoming rich quick than Gen. X, and more likely to vote Dem., not to mention being known for being coddled by their Baby Boomer parents, who pester their college profs. about low grades, show up with them for job interviews, etc. The MTV-driven British Music Aftershock Era begins (ends 1999), with a new wave of British groups hitting the giant U.S. market, incl. Duran Duran, Culture Club, New Order, The Cure, Depeche Mode, and Spice Girls. U.S. auto production reaches its lowest level in years at 6.2M passenger cars. On Jan. 1 Mich. defeats Washington by 23-6 to win the 1981 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 Greece joins the European Community. On Jan. 1 after pres. (since Sept. 6, 1960) Leopold Sedar Senghor names his successor, PM (since Feb. 26, 1970) Abdou Diouf (1935-) of the Socialist Party of Senegal becomes pres. #2 of Senegal in W Africa (until Apr. 1, 2000). On Jan. 1 177 sq. mi. Palau (pop. 20K) in the Pacific Oean 500 mi. E of the Philippines and 2K mi. S of Tokyo becomes a self-governing territory; in 1994 it becomes a sovereign state, with capital at Ngerulmud. On Jan. 1 the subterranean Sarawak Chamber in Sarawak Island, Borneo is discovered by three English cave explorers, becoming the largest known underground chamber. On Jan. 2 after interviewing him 9x, British police arrest Yorkshire, England-born truck driver Peter William Sutcliffe (1946-), and on May 22 he is convicted of the Yorkshire Ripper Murders of 13 women and attempted murders of seven more that began on Oct. 30, 1975 and ended on Nov. 17, 1980, receiving a life sentence on each count; the police are criticized for taking so long to arrest him, and in 2006 the Byford Report makes it official. On Jan. 3 John Lennon's single (Just Like) Starting Over (released Oct. 24, 1980) and his comeback album Double Fantasy (released Nov. 17, 1980) top the U.S. pop music charts just weeks after his death. On Jan. 3 a passenger bus plunges 200 ft. into a ravine outside Galhar, Kashmir, India, killing 17 and injuring 18. On Jan. 5 British PM Margaret Thatcher shuffles her cabinet and sacks state arts minister (since May 5, 1979) (Roman Catholic) Norman Anthony Francis St. John-Stevas (1929-) (shadow leader of the House of Commons in 1975-8), who becomes the first of the Tory wets (who oppose her more hard-line policies) to be dismissed; he likes to call her "Tina" for "There is no alternative". A last hurrah for American individulism in the Wild West? On Jan. 5 mountain man and poacher Claude Lafayette Dallas Jr. (1950-) kills Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game officers Conley Elms and Bill Pogue (former Winnemucca, Nev. police chief) in an execution-style slaying in the remote Owyhee Desert in Idaho for allegedly violating his privacy; he is captured in Apr. 1982, and a jury finds him guilty of manslaughter instead of murder, for which he gets 30 years; a group of women known as the Dallas Cheerleaders gathers daily at his 28-day trial; Canadian singer Tom Russell writes the song The Ballad of Claude Dallas; a TV movie is later made about him; he escapes in 1986 and is on the run for a year, then is recaptured, and finally released on Feb. 6, 2005; jury foreman Milo M. Moore states that if hadn't got out his .22 rifle to finish them off in the head, he would have been acquitted outright as justifiable self-defense. On Jan. 5 the BBC TV series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, based on the 1979 book by Douglas Adams debuts for 8 episodes (until Feb. 9, 1981), starring Simon Jones as Arthur Dent, David Dixon as Ford Perfect, Mark Wing-Davey as Zaphod Beeblebrox, and Sandra Dickinson as Trillion; Peter Jones voices the guide. On Jan. 6 Brazilian double-decker boat Novo Amapo capsizes on the Jari River near Belem de Cajari, Macapa, Brazil, killing 230 of 441. The Reagan Era begins on TV before he gets into the White House? On Jan. 12 the Esther and Richard Shapiro prime time soap opera Dynasty (their answer to "Dallas") debuts on ABC-TV for 220 episodes (until May 11, 1989), about the ever-warring Carrington and Colby clans (originally Parkhurst and Corby), John Forsythe (John Lincoln Freund) (1918-2010) as Denver, Colo. oil baron Blake Carrington, Pamela Sue Martin (1953-) as his daughter Fallon Carrington Colby, Joan Collins (1933-) as his ex-wife Alexis Carrington, and Linda Evans (Evanstad) (1942-) as his fiancee Krystle Grant Jennings, who are ever at each other's throats, even getting into mud-wrestling; only some fixed shots are filmed in Denver, with the real action filmed in the Fioli Mansion in N Calif.; a 1983 episode features Pres. and Mrs. Gerald Ford, plus Henry Kissinger in a real-life Carousel Ball in Denver sponsored by Marvin and Barbara Davis, making it the only prime-time soap to give onscreen roles to an ex-pres. and a secy. of state; the show goes on to run in parallel with the Reagan admin. On Jan. 14 the FCC votes 6-1 to free the 8.9K U.S. radio stations to air as many commercials an hour as they wish, dispense with detailed logs, and no longer devote a min. percentage of air time to news or public affairs; they still must observe the 1949 Fairness Doctrine, until it is abolished in 1987. On Jan. 15 the realistic "outdoors Barney Miller" crime drama (filmed with hand-held Arriflex cameras) Hill Street Blues debuts on NBC-TV for 146 episodes (until May 12, 1987), becoming the first ensemble cop show, starring Daniel J. Travanti (1940-) as precinct Capt. Frank Furillo, Veronica Hamel (1943-) as public defender Joyce Davenport (his secret lover, ending each show together in a romantic bubble bath), and Michael Conrad (1925-83) as fatherly Sgt. Phil Esterhaus, who ends each roll call with "Let's be careful out there", while officers Bobby Hill (Michael Warren) and Andy Renko (Charles Haid) play black cop white cop; created by Steven Bochco and Michael Kozell of MTM (Mary Tyler Moore and husband Grant Tinker) Productions, it almost flops until it becomes the lowest-rated show to be picked up for a 2nd season, after which the audience bites, and it gets 21 Emmy nominations and wins a record eight, garnering 98 Emmy nominations during its 7-year run. On Jan. 16 boxer Leon Spinks is mugged, and his assailants make off with his gold teeth - the next time you spot something wild, enjoy it? On Jan. 16 in Northern Ireland, Protestant gunmen wound Irish nationalist leader Bernadette Devlin McAliskey (1947-) and her husband for supporting IRA hunger strikers, after which she makes a defiant appearance in Spain. On Jan. 17 Philippine pres. (since 1965) Ferdinand Marcos (1917-89) finally lifts martial law, but retains his power to rule by decree; on June 16 he wins a fraudulent election to another 6-year term, quashing democracy, and the corruption spreads like a cancer, with the army becoming an engine of oppression under the guise of fighting Communism, stroking Pres. Reagan. A new era in U.S. politics begins when an actor becomes chief executive? On Jan. 18 Iran accepts a U.S. offer of $7.9B in frozen assets; on Jan. 19 the U.S. and Iran sign the Algiers Accords, pledging no U.S. interference in Iranian affairs, paving the way for the release of 52 Americans held hostage for more than 14 mo. on Jan. 20, Reagan's inauguration day, which takes place minutes after he takes the oath of office - he didn't trade arms for hostages? An actor can become president of the United States? On Jan. 20 70-y.-o. Tampico, Ill.-born Rock River bodyguard (saved 77 people), Eureka College (Disciples of Christ) grad., radio announcer, male model and Hollywood B-movie actor Ronald Wilson "Dutch" Reagan (1911-2004) ("the Great Communicator") becomes the Biblical Number 40th (until Jan. 20, 1989) U.S. pres. (oldest person elected pres. so far) (first divorced pres.) in the 58th U.S. Pres. Inauguration in Washington, D.C. (Secret Service codename: Rawhide); warmest (55F) inauguration day until ?; the 5th lefty U.S. pres. (last Ford, next G.H.W. Bush); 2nd to skip using his middle name in the oath (1st Jimmy Carter); George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-2018) becomes the 43rd U.S. vice-pres. (Secret Service codename: Tumbler); First Lady is Anne Francis "Nancy" Robbins Davis Reagan (1921-2016) (Secret Service codename: Rainbow); Reagan places a standing order for 720 1-lb. bags of Jelly Belly brand jelly beans (306,070 beans) each month, costing $2,880, later uttering the soundbyte: "You can tell a lot about a fellow's character by his way of eating jelly beans"; Second Lady is Barbara Bush (nee Pierce) (1925-2018); Reagan's First Inaugural Address (held for the first time on the terrace of the West Front of the Capitol) contains the soundbyte: "Government is not the solution to our problem, government is the problem"; minutes after he is sworn-in, Iran releases the U.S. hostages, and they are flown to Algiers after 444 days in captivity, in return for which the U.S. unblocks some Iranian funds and Iran agrees to repay U.S. bank loans; U.S. Sen. (R-Nev.) (1974-87) Paul Dominique Laxalt (1922-2018), Reagan's closest friend in politics becomes known as "the First Friend"; inheriting 10% inflation and 20% interest rates and setting out to undo LBJ's Great Society, Reagan hires long-haired Baby Boomer number-cruncher "budget guru" David Alan Stockman (1946-) as dir. of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) (until Aug. 1985) to go over thick computer printouts in an attempt to understand what items to cut; on Feb. 18 Reagan announces a simultaneous across-the-board 30% tax cut to curtail the welfare state combined with a massive military buildup to please the flag-wavers, relying on future economic growth to pay for it while braving giant deficits, which critics call Reaganomics (called Voodoo Economics by George H.W. Bush while vice-pres.), and arch-foe House Speaker Tip O'Neill says is only for people making over $50K a year; in Feb. Reagan presents the U.S. Economic Tax Recovery Act to Congress, with the first-ever trillion-dollar budget submitted to Congress, which balloons the deficit from $1T to over $4T in 12 years; he begins the dismantling of the power of labor unions and the deindustrialization of the U.S.?; he sets a goal of packing the Supreme Court with new justices to overturn the nasty Roe v. Wade ruling, ending up with three (O'Connor, Kennedy, Scalia), with his successor Bush Sr. a ppointing two more (Souter, who replaces liberal icon William Brennan, and Thomas, who replaces liberal icon Thurgood Marshall); Reagan appoints Donald Thomas Regan (1918-2003) as White House secy., Caspar Willard "Cap" Weinberger (1917-2006) as defense secy. (soon becoming known as "Cap the Knife" for his cost-cutting ways), West Point-graduated Ill. agriculture dir. John Rusling Block (1935-) as U.S. agriculture secy. #21 (until Feb. 14, 1986), Notre Dame-educated fellow Irishman Raymond James Donovan (1930-) as labor secy. #17 (until Mar. 15, 1985), and (after influence by Colo. conservative beer magnate Joseph Coors) Wyo.-born (schmucky-looking?) James Gaius Watt (1938-), 1979 founder of the anti-environmentalist Mountain States Legal Foundation ("dedicated to individual liberty, the right to own and use property...") as interior secy. #43 (until Nov. 8, 1983); on Feb. 5 he testifies before Congress, uttering the soundbyte: "We will mine more, drill more, cut more timber"; he also becomes known for the soundbytes: "I don't know how many future generations we can count on until the Lord returns", "We don't have to protect the environment - the Second Coming is at hand", and "My responsibility is to follow the Scriptures which call upon us to occupy the land until Jesus returns"; after more strings pulled by Coors, Reagan further angers environmentalists by appointing Wyo.-born atty. Anne McGill Gorsuch (later Burford) (1942-2004) (former deputy district atty. in Denver, Colo. and rep. from Colo.) as dir. #4 of the EPA (first female) (until Mar. 9, 1983), who goes on to slash the budget by $200M and cut staff by 23%; he makes one good pick, Duncan, Okla.-born staunch anti-Communist Repub. Jean Jordan Kirkpatrick (nee Jeane Duane Jordan) (1926-2006) who becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #16 (first woman) (Feb. 4, 1981 to Apr. 1, 1985), becoming known for her Kirkpatrick Doctrine of U.S. support for any anti-Commie govt., incl. authoritarian regimes, causing Noam Chomsky to call her the "chief sadist-in-residence of the Reagan administration", uttering the soundbyte: "What takes place in the Security Council more closely resembles a mugging than either a political debate or an effort at problem-solving"; the Reagan Doctrine of overwhelming the global influence of the Soviet Union to end the Cold War incl. supporting any and all anti-Communist guerrillas while seeking to change the Soviet Union from within is masterminded by Polish Jewish immigrant Richard Edgar Pipes (1923-2018); Jewish-Am. thinker ("the Godfather of Neoconservatism") Irving Kristol (1920-2009) (who defines neoconservatives as "liberals mugged by reality") works to support Reagan's domestic agenda incl. supply-side economics, raising big bucks to create an apparatus of conservative think tanks that later boost the Bushes into the White House, brokering a tactical alliance between Jewish neocons and Christian evangelicals, even anti-Semitic ones as long as they are against the pesky Muslims; Jimmy Carter leaves office broke and bitter, his peanut warehouse in Plains, Ga. $1M in debt, and breaks tradition by criticizing his successor Reagan, but soon begins pursuing high-minded projects, working with Millard Dean Fuller (1935-2009), 1976 founder of Habitat for Humanity Internat., and founding the Carter Center in 1982, setting out to become a super Peter Pan statesman? On Jan. 21 former Protestant Irish Unionist MP (1938-69) (former speaker) Capt. Sir Charles Norman Lockhart Stronge, 8th Baronet (b. 1894) and his ditto son (1969-72) Maj. James Matthew Stronge (b. 1932) are assassinated by the Provisional IRA in their home in Tynan Abbey, which burns down; as the 8+ gunmen flee they get in a fight with British troops before escaping, after which nobody is convicted (until ?). On Jan. 22 French-born lesbian novelist Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87), who has lived in the U.S. since 1939 with college prof. and lover Grace Frick (who recently died) becomes the first woman elected as an "immortal" to the Academie Francaise (founded 1634) - it's the fast-food decade? On Jan. 24 (5:13 a.m. local time) the 6.8 Dawu Earthquake in Sichuan, China kills 150 and injures 300. On Jan. 24 the British Labour Party holds a conference in Wembly and decides to hold leadership elections by electoral college. On Jan. 25 the 52 Americans held hostage by Iran for 444 days arrive in the U.S.; Pres. Reagan greets them at the White House on Jan. 27; 2M New Yorkers turn out for a Jan. 30 1,262-ton ticker-tape parade honoring them. On Jan. 25 Chmn. Mao's widow Jiang Qing (1914-91) is sentenced to death, which is later commuted to life imprisonment; she is dragged from the courthouse while shouting "It is right to rebel! Making a revolution is no crime!" On Jan. 25 New York City cocaine dealer Robert Wyler (1938-) unsuccessfully attempts to escape from a federal jail in Manhattan via a heli commandeered by two accomplices, but after failing to break through a wire mesh on the roof they surrender, and on Sept. 25 they are convicted of air piracy and receive life sentences on top of the 24-year sentence of Wyler. On Jan. 25 the Limehouse Declaration by four former Labour cabinet ministers called the Gang of Four who think that the Labour Party is too leftist and Trotskyist incl. Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead (1920-2003), David Anthony Llewellyn Owen, Baron Owen of Plymouth (1938-), William Thomas "Bill" Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank (1928-), and Shirley Williams, Baroness William of Crosby (1930-) results in the formation of the British Social Dem. Party (SDP) on Mar. 26; Williams becomes the first elected SDP MP this year, followed Jenkins on July 2, 1982; on Sept. 16 it forms an electoral pact with the Liberal Party, then merges with in 1988 to form the Liberal Dems. On Jan. 25 Super Bowl XV (15) is held in New Orleans, La.; the Oakland Raiders (AFC) defeat the Philadelphia Eagles (NFC) 27-10, jumping out to a 14-0 lead; MVP is Raiders scrambling 6'3" QB James W. "Jim" Plunkett (1947-), who avoids a sack and tosses a short pass to RB Kenneth Leon "Kenny" King (1957-), who breaks a tackle by CB Herman "Herm" Edwards Jr. (1954-) for a SB record 80-yard TD reception; Tom Flores of the Raiders becomes the first minority head coach to win a Super Bowl. On Jan. 27 Indonesian passenge ship Tamponas 2 catches fire and capsizes in the Java Sea, killing 580. On Jan. 28 after Adm. Stansfield Turner resigns, Elmhurst, Queens, N.Y.-born Fordham U.-educated OSS veteran and walking law library William Joseph "Bill" Casey (1913-87) (Reagan's campaign mgr.) becomes dir. #11 of the CIA (until Jan. 29, 1987), which Turner calls "the Resurrection of Wild Bill [Donovan]"; like Reagan, he's of Irish Roman Catholic ancestry, and was used by Reagan to brief Pope John Paul II of Cold War developments, flying in a windowless C-141 black jet and arriving undercover; he goes on to expand funding and employment to a new level, and lift the Church Committee restrictions on the use of the CIA to directly and covertly influence the internal and foreign affairs of foreign nations. On Jan. 30 2M turn out in New York City for a ticker-tape parade honoring the freed Am. hostages from Iran. On Jan. 31 Lech Walesa announces an accord in Poland giving labor Saturdays off. In Jan. falling prices for copper and cobalt force Zambian pres. Kenneth Kaunda to declare a state of economic austerity; copper workers strike, shutting down production, and in Feb. Kaunda installs a new PM and a new party chief; in Apr. union leaders expelled at the time of the strike are readmitted. In Jan. Muammar al-Gaddafi of Libya proposes a merger with Chad, but the latter rejects it and Libyan troops withdraw. In Jan. the govt. of Poland tells farmers to sell their grain to the state to relieve shortages or else they won't be permitted to purchase seed; the grain crop increased by 11% to 20M tons since last year. In Jan. the Org. of the Islamic Conference (OIC) holds a summit meeting, where it declares that "Palestine should be viewed as the paramount issue of Muslim nations." In Jan. Italian-born Genevese crime family boss (since 1972) Alphonse Frank Tieri (1904-81) becomes the first person convicted under the U.S. RICO act, receiving a 10-year sentence, then dying in a hospital in New York City on Mar. 31. In Jan.-Mar. heavy wet snow in NW Japan collapses many houses and bldgs. and kills 152. On Feb. 2 South Korean pres. Chun Doo-hwan becomes Pres. Reagan's first White House guest, legitimizing his dictatorship; later in Feb. Chun is reelected, supposedly for one term max under the 1980 constitution. On Feb. 4 Jean Struven Harris (1923-2012) is convicted of the Mar. 10, 1980 murder of her ex-lover, Scarsdale Diet author Dr. Herman Tarnower; she is released in Jan. 1993. On Feb. 4 environmental minister (Harvard-educated physician) Gro Harlem Brundtland (1939-) becomes the first female PM of Norway, heading a minority govt., but elections give the Conservatives a majority, and on Oct. 14 safe white male supply-side economist Kaare (Kĺre) Isaachsen Willoch (1928-) becomes the first Conservative PM since 1928 (until May 2, 1986). On Feb. 6 surviving Beatles Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and George Harrison record a Tribute to Dead Beatle John Lennon, composed by George. On Feb. 8 a stampede in the Karaiskaki Soccer Stadium in Pireus, Greece kills 21 and injures 54. On Feb. 9 Polish PM Josef Pinkowski resigns; on Feb. 11 after three other PMs in a year, bespectacled Gen. Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (1923-) (who started out as a coal miner in Karangda, where he contracted permanent damage to his eyes and back) is elected PM #8 of Communist Poland (until Nov. 6, 1985); on Oct. 18 after starting a crackdown on "anti-Soviet activity and lawlessness" in Sept. he is elected first secy. #6 of the Polish Communist Party (until July 29, 1989), succeeding Stanislaw Kania. On Feb. 10 90 days after the MGM Grand fire, another fire breaks out at the Las Vegas Hilton Hotel-Casino, killing eight and injuring 200+. On Feb. 12 a multi-vehicle pileup in Barquisimento, Venezuela kills 36 and injures 30. On Feb. 13 after its union refuses modern printing equipment to be installed for Luddite reasons, causing it to lose more than Ł15M a year, and media mogul Kenneth R. Thomson announces on Oct. 22, 1980 that the London Times will close in Mar. 1981 unless a buyer is found, Australian media mogul Rupert Murdoch purchases it for Ł11M, and allegedly uses his political connections to keep the acquisition from being challenged by the monopolies commission although he already owns the Sun and the News of the World, but he is prohibited from being involved in the editorial policy. On Feb. 14 Australia withdraws recognition of the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia. On Feb. 14 a fire at the Stardust Nightclub in Artane, Dublin, Northern Ireland kills 48 and injures 214. On Feb. 15 a rocket-powered ice sled attains a record 399 kph on Lake George, NY. On Feb. 17 Pope John Paul II meets with Philippine pres. Ferdinand Marcos in Manila. On Feb. 18 facing 14% inflation, 7.4% unemployment, and a prime interest rate of 21.5% (highest since the U.S. Civil War), Pres. Reagan reveals a program for economic recovery, calling for cuts in 83 federal programs, followed in Mar. by a plan to cut taxes and reduce the federal budget by $130.5B. On Feb. 19 the U.S. State Dept. calls El Salvador a "textbook case" of a Communist plot. On Feb. 19 former Beatle George Harrison (1943-2001) is ordered to pay ABKCO Music $587K for "subconscious plagiarism" in his hit My Sweet Lord of the 1960s pop single hit He's So Fine. On Feb. 20 Space Shuttle Columbia (world's first reusable manned spacecraft) clears the final major hurdle to its maiden launch by firing its three engines in a 20-sec. test. On Feb. 21 after playing J.R. Ewing in a parody of Dallas with Charlene Tilton, Charles Rocket (1949-2005) gets away with clearly uttering the taboo word "fuck" on TV's Saturday Night Live (SNL), but is soon fu, er, fired. On Feb. 23 an attempted coup begins in Spain as 200 members of the Civil Guard and some of the military led by Antonio Tejero invade the Parliament bldg., taking lawmakers hostage to prevent Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo from being named pres.; after Juan Carlos intervenes, the coup folds after 18 hours. On Feb. 24 a jury in White Plains, N.Y. finds Jean Harris guilty of 2nd-degree murder in the fatal shooting of Scarsdale Diet author Dr. Herman Tarnower; on Mar. 15 she gets 15 years to life, and serves 12. On Feb. 24 Buckingham Palace announces the engagement of Britain's Prince Charles to Lady Diana Spencer; she shows off her 18-carat oval blue sapphire surrounded by diamonds - I'm all ears? On Feb. 24 a 6.7 earthquake in Athens, Greece kills 16 and injures thousands. On Feb. 26 the French high-velocity rail system TGV (Train ŕ Grande Vitesse), powered by overhead electric wires and turbine engines averages 264 kph (164 mph) on a trial run (max speed 380 kph or 236 mph), then on Sept. 27 begins operating between Paris and Lyons, reaching Marseilles in 1983, and growing to 1K mi. of track by 2010. On Feb. 26 three Anglican missionaries detained in Iran since Aug. 1980 are released. On Feb. 26 Munabi, an asst. to Ugandan pres. Milton Obote is murdered. On Feb. 26 Hi-De-Hi! debuts on BBC-TV (until Jan. 30, 1988), starring Simon John Cadell (1950-96) as Geoffrey Fairbrother, who manages a 1959 holiday camp. On Feb. 27 Baltimore, Md.-born Nancy Patricia Pelosi (nee D'Alesandro) (1940-), daughter of 3-time Dem. Baltimore mayor Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. (1903-87) becomes chair of the Calif. Dem. Party (until Apr. 3, 1983), going on to become Dem. U.S. Calif. Rep. on June 2, 1987 (until ?), representing Calif's 12th congressional district consisting of 80% of the city-county of gay left-leaning San Francisco, which she has a lock on, working her way up to speaker #52 of the U.S. House of Reps. (first woman) on Jan. 4, 2007, and House minority leader on Jan. 3, 2011 (until ?), becoming known for her ever-kookier leftist public statements. On Feb. 28 Argentine human rights activist Emilio Fermin Mignone (1922-98) of the Center for Legal and Social Studies is arrested along with five others after he testifies to the U.N. Human Rights Commission about the disappeared; after an internat. outcry they are all released a week later. On Mar. 1 IRA member Robert Gerard "Bobby" Sands (b. 1954) begins a hunger strike in the H-block section of the Maze Prison in Northern Ireland; after being elected a British MP by Fermanagh and South Tyrone on Apr. 10, he dies 65 days later on May 5, triggering a wave of violence and hunger strikes by 11 other prisoners; meanwhile the Brits change the law to prohibit prisoners from standing in elections. On Mar. 2 Jewish-Am. future "King of All Media" Howard Stern (1954-) begins broadcasting on WWDC in Washington D.C. On Mar. 2 an aircraft is hijacked by three Pakistani terrorists. On Mar. 3 the U.S. discloses that they released zinc cadmium sulfate into the atmosphere from two F-105 jet fights around Victoria, Tex. on July 11-Aug. 9, 1966. On Mar. 5 Pres. Reagan asks Congress to end federal legal aid to the poor - it's just not the cowboy way? On Mar. 5 the U.S. govt. grants the city of Atlanta, Ga. $1M to search for the mysterious black boy murderer - but law enforcement agents get as many paychecks as they want? On Mar. 6 Pres. Reagan announces plans to cut 37K federal jobs. On Mar. 6 Walter Cronkite (1916-2009) signs off for the last time as anchor of the CBS Evening News (begun Apr. 16, 1962); on Mar. 9 he is replaced by Daniel Irvin "Dan" Rather Jr. (1931-) (until 2005). On Mar. 7 anti-govt. guerrillas in Colombia execute kidnapped U.S. Bible translator Chester Allen Bitterman (1952-), claiming he's a CIA agent. On Mar. 10 Sir Geoffrey Howe announces the British budget, which raises taxes in the middle of a recession. On Mar. 12 Soyuz T-4 carrying Vladimir Vasiliyevich Kovalyonok (1942-) and Viktor Petrovich Savinykh (1940-) takes off, then docks with the Salyut 6 space station, and returns on June 10; on Mar. 22 Soyuz 39, carrying Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov (1942-) and Jugderdemidiin Gurragchaa (Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa) (1947-) (first Mongolian in space) blasts off, docking with Salyut 6; on May 14 Soyuz 40 (last of the Soyuz spacecraft, which are replaced by the Soyuz-T) blasts off carrying Leonid Ivanovich Popov (1945-) and Dumitru Dorin Prunariu (1952-) (first Romanian in space). On Mar. 15 the govt. of Suriname foils a 2nd army coup attempt 40 mi. W of Paramaribo, killing one and injuring a dozen, but doesn't announce it until mid-Apr. A big day for the once bottom-of-the-heap Irish in the U.S.? On Mar. 17 Pres. Reagan holds a breakfast meeting on Capitol Hill with Repub. congressional leaders in which he stands by his budget proposals even though the Congressional Budget Office has questioned his projected figures; he then becomes the first U.S. pres. to visit the Irish embassy in Washington, D.C., celebrating St. Patrick's Day at a luncheon hosted by Irish ambassador Sean Donlon and wife, and attended by Tip O'Neill, Donald Regan, and Edward Kennedy (two of the "Four Horsemen" of Irish-Am. politicians, incl. Daniel Moynihan and N.Y. Gov. Hugh Carey), being presented with a genealogical chart tracing his ancestry to Ballyporeen, County Tipperary, along with a shamrock in a Beleek China basket, and an Irish silver dish, then reciprocating with a Waterford glass bowl full of green jelly beans; a Feast Day Message by the Friends of Ireland is signed by 11 U.S. senators, 10 U.S. reps., and three U.S. state govs. On Mar. 18 (Wed.) Stephen J. Cannell's comedy drama series The Greatest American Hero debuts on ABC-TV for 44 episodes (until Feb. 3, 1983), starring William Theodore Katt (1950-) (son of Barbara Hale) as teacher Ralph Hinkley (Hanley), who had an encounter with E.T.s who gave him a red suit conferring superhuman abilities, but lost the instruction booklet, Robert Martin Culp (1930-2010) as FBI agent Bill Maxwell, and Connie Sellecca (Concetta Sellecchia) (1955-) as atty. Pam Davidson. On Mar. 20 Argentine ex-pres. Isabel Peron is sentenced to 8 years in a convent. On Mar. 21 black teenager Michael Donald is abducted in Mobile, Ala. by two Klansmen, then tortured and lynched in what prosecutors claim was a Ku Klux Klan conspiracy; a civil suit against the United Klans wins $7M and shuts them down. On Mar. 22 U.S. first class postage rates go from 15 cents to 18 cents an oz., jumping to 20 cents on Nov. 1. On Mar. 23 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County that states can require, with some exceptions, parental notification when teenage girls seek abortions; statutory rape can be made a crime for men but not women. On Mar. 25 the U.S. embassy in San Salvador is damaged when gunmen attack with rocket-propelled grenades and machine guns. On Mar. 26 a jury in Los Angeles awards entertainer Carol Burnett (1933-) $1.6M for a National Enquirer article she claimed was libelous. On Mar. 26 police battle Albanian demonstrators in Kosovo, who want the 80%-Albanian autonomous province to become a separate repub., and start by protesting conditions at the univ.; by Apr. the demonstrations swell into riots in which 11 are killed as 100K demand separation from the Yugoslav federation, and in Apr. a state of emergency is declared; in June-Sept. a politial purge is conducted, while Albanian secessionists are sentenced to prison terms of up to 13.5 years. On Mar. 28 the price of silver stabilizes at $12 an oz. after peaking at $40 in Jan. On Mar. 29 Gen. Roberto Eduardo Viola (1924-94) is sworn-in as interim pres. of Argentina (until Dec. 11). It's Hinckley Day at the Washington Zoo? On Mar. 30 (Mon.) (2:30 p.m.) after attending a labor event, the Reagan Assassination Attempt sees 69-day U.S. pres. Ronald Reagan shot in the left lung along with three others outside the Washington, D.C. Hilton Hotel by Colo.-based Jodie Foster fetishist John Hinckley Jr. (1955-) using a Rohm RG-14 6-shot .22 blue steel revolver loaded with Devastator brand exploding cartridges (all shots fired); shot #1 hits Reagan's 6'1" 250 lb. White House press secy. ("the Bear") James Scott "Jim" Brady (1940-2014) in the head, causing permanent brain damage and partially paralyzing him, after which he becomes a er, half-wit, er lobbyist for gun control legislation, getting the 1993 U.S. Brady Handgun Control Act passed, providing for a 5-day waiting period before purchasing handguns to kill politicians with (expires 1998); D.C. police officer Thomas K. Delhanty (1934-) is hit with shot #2 in the back; shot #3 misses and hits a window; shot #4 hits Secret Service agent Timothy J. McCarthy (1949-) in the abdomen after he leaps in front of POTUS, after which he becomes police chief of Orlando Park, Ill.; shot #5 hits the window of the pres. limo; shot #6 hinkleys off the limo into Reagan's left underarm, stopping 1 in. from his heart; Nancy Reagan is at first told he wasn't hit, until Michael Deaver breaks it to her at the hospital, where the glib movie cowboy pres. tells his wife, "Honey, I forgot to duck"; White House campaign strategist Franklyn C. "Lyn" Nofziger (1924-2006) becomes the first to announce it to the press; all three major U.S. TV networks provide day-long coverage of the incident; U.S. Gen. Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. (1924-2010) stinks himself up by telling reporters "As for now I'm in control here in the White House" (Heil Haig?), then claims "There are absolutely no alert measures that are necessary at this time or contemplated", while in reality defense secy. Cap Weinberger is ordering an alert in case it's a Soviet plot?; Reagan leaves the hospital after 12 days, and addresses Congress to a rousing ovation, helping him get his economics program passed by 238-195 (like Zangara's bad shooting helped FDR in 1933?), with many Dem. defections, which he calls the greatest political win in half a cent.; he fires Haig for being "power-hungry", causing Haig to say that he "isn't a mean man, he's just stupid"; on Aug. 28 Hinckley pleads innocent to charges of attempting to kill Reagan, and on June 21, 1982 he is found not guilty by reason of insanity; Reagan loses half his blood and turns white before he arrives in the operating room, after which his mental decline begins? On Mar. 31 the 53rd Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1980 to Paramount's (Wildwood Enterprises) Ordinary People, along with best dir. to Robert Redford, and best supporting actor to Timothy Hutton; best actor goes to Robert De Niro for Raging Bull, best actress to Sissy Spacek for Coal Miner's Daughter, and best supporting actress to Mary Steenburgen for Melvin and Howard. In Mar. Central African Repub. (CAR) pres. #3 (since Sept. 21, 1979) David Dacko (1930-2003) is reelected in a rigged election; on Sept. 1 after being accused of being a French puppet by former PM Ange-Felix Patasse (Ange-Félix Patassé) (1937-) of the Gbaya group of the N savanna region (largest ethnic group in the country), French-backed army chief Andre Dieudonne Kolingba (1935-) (of the riverine Yakoma ethnic group of the S) takes power from Dacko in a bloodless coup, becoming pres. #4 of the CAR (until Oct. 1, 1993), going on to promote members of the Yakoma group into govt. and private posts, pissing-off the Gbayas, who plot his overthrow. In spring Quiznos fast food restaurants is founded in Denver, Colo. by Jimmy Lambatos to sell toasted submarine sandwiches; in 1991 he sells-out to Rick and Richard Schaden, who expand it to 2.1K restaurants globally, becoming #2 in submarine sandwiches after Subway. On Apr. 1 the U.S.S.R. begins daylight saving time. On Apr. 3 a military coup against Prem's govt. in Thailand fails. On Apr. 4 Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini (1954-) becomes capt.-regent of San Marino (until Oct. 1), the tiny country's first female head of state, after which it becomes a regular thing, giving women's libbers a string of smiley faces on their calendars. On Apr. 9 an army jeep collides head-on with a bus outside Esteli, Nicaragua, killing 20 and injuring 40. On Apr. 10 the maiden launch of the Space Shuttle Columbia is scrubbed because of a computer malfunction. On Apr. 11 Pres. Reagan returns to the White House from the hospital 12 days after the assassination attempt, wowing fans with his cowboy panache? On Apr. 11 (Bloody Sat.) the 1981 Brixton Riot in Lambeth, South London sees 5K rioters throw molotov cocktails at police and loot shops, injuring 279 police and 45 civilians, burning 30 bldgs. and damaging 150, and burning hundreds of vehicles incl. 56 police vehicles; 82 are arrested. On Apr. 11/12 the Keddie Murders in Keddie, Calif. in the Sierra Nevada Mts. sees four victims incl. Glenna Susan "Sue" Sharp (nee Davis) (b. 1945), her son John Steven Sharp (b. 1965), her daughter Tina Louise Sharp (b. 1968), and John's friend Dana Hall Wingate (b. 1964) murdered in Cabin 28 of the Keddie Resort during the evening-morning of Apr. 11-12; the case is not solved until ? On Apr. 12 Space Shuttle Columbia 1, the first reusable Space Shuttle, carrying astronauts Robert Laurel Crippen (1937-) and John Watts Young (1930-) blasts off from Cape Canaveral on its first test flight STS-1, and returns on Apr. 14 after 2 days 8 hours, making the first touchdown by a U.S. spacecraft on land; on Nov. 12 Columbia blasts off on mission STS-2 with astronauts Joe H. Engle and Richard H. Truly, ending early in 2 days 6 hours after the loss of a fuel cell. On Apr. 14 a bus carrying Hindu pilgrims crashes in Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh, India, killing 61. On Apr. 15 Australian Liberal foreign minister (1975-80) and industrial relations minister (since 1980) Andrew Sharp Peacock (1939-) resigns after accusing PM Malcolm Fraser of constant interference. In Apr. the U.S. stock market begins a 16 mo. decline of 23%. In Apr. the bi-monthly MusicRow mag. is founded by David M. Ross to cover the Nashville music industry. On May 1 Chile completely privatizes Social Security. On May 1 Henry Gabriel Cisneros (1947-) becomes the first Mexican-Am. elected mayor of a major U.S. city, San Antonio, Tex. (until June 1, 1989) - the toilets all flush now? On May 2 in Savannah, Ga. antiques dealer and home restorer James Arthur "Jim" Williams (1930-90) shoots and kills his younger redneck boyfriend asst. Danny Lewis Hansford, becoming the first in Ga. to be tried 4x for the same crime; the 1994 John Berendt novel Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil is based on this event. On May 3 the People's Anti-War Mobilization (PAM) Coalition draws 25K to the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. to protest U.S. policy in El Salvador and other leftist issues; MC is boxer Larry Holmes. On May 6 comedian Jerry Seinfeld debuts on The Tonight Show. On May 10 Italian voters refuse to abrogate the law permitting abortions. On May 10 after a pres. election on Apr. 26 results in a runoff with Valery d'Estaing, Francois Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (1916-96) is elected as the first French Socialist pres. in a surprise upset over d'Estaing and the Gaullist alliance, which has held power since 1958; on May 21 Mitterrand becomes French pres. #21 (until May 17, 1995); the news causes the stock exchange to suspend trading for 48 hours, and extra customs officials to be posted to prevent money and valuables from being smuggled out of the country; not to disappoint, the new govt. runs the printing presses, weakening the franc; on May 22 Socialist Pierre Mauroy (1928-) becomes French PM #8 (until July 17, 1984), going on to reduce the workweek to 39 hours and lower the retirement age to 60 before abandoning Socialism; on June 14-20 nat. assembly elections in France give the Socialists a landslide, after which Mitterrand appoints four Communists to his cabinet and begins an economic austerity program incl. large scale nationalization, devaluation of the franc, and tax hikes for the rich; he goes on to abolish the death penalty and end nuclear tests. On May 13 (Sun.) Pope John Paul II (1920-2005) is shot twice in the abdomen and hand by Turkish Muslim assassin Mehmet Ali Agca (1958-) as he enters St. Peter's Square; a year earlier Agca (who was suffering from fantasies about being the Messiah?) escaped from a military prison where he was serving time for killing journalist Abdi Ipekci in 1979, and evaded mandatory Turkish army service; on May 18 the pope publicly forgives him from his hospital bed, attributing his recovery to the Virgin of Fatima, and leaves the hospital in Rome on June 3 and returns to the Vatican after three weeks, then meets with him in his prison cell in Rome in 1983 for 21 min., personally pardoning him; on June 9 the Italians link the Communist Bulgarians to the attack; on July 22 Agca is sentenced to life in prison after a 3-day trial, and on June 13, 2000 he is extradited to Turkey to serve a 10-year sentence for murdering Turkish journalist Abdi Ipekci (b. 1929) on Feb. 1, 1979, plus another seven years 4 mo. for two 1979 Turkish robberies, then released on parole on Jan. 12, 2006 after an Istanbul court rules in 2004 that he should only serve the longer sentence, which is 36 years, less 6 mo. he served before escaping to assassinate the pope, minus 10 years for a 2000 amnesty, minus 20 years for his time in prison in Italy; on Jan. 18, 2010 he is released from prison in Turkey after 19 years, saying that he wants to visit John Paul II's tomb and meet Pope Benedict XVI; on Feb. 1, 2013 he pub. a memoir claiming that Ayatollah Khomeini told him to do it. On May 13 the People's Repub. of the Congo (Brazzaville) signs a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the Soviet Union in Moscow. On May 15 after being found in a landfill stuffed in a compacted 55-gal. drum wrapped in plastic, Donna Payant (nee Collins) (b. 1950) becomes the first female prison officer killed on duty in the U.S., by serial murderer serial killer Lemuel Warren Smith (1941-) at Green Haven Correctional Facility in N.Y.; Smith killed six victims between Jan. 21, 1958 and his arrest on Aug. 19, 1977. On May 18 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 9-0 in Edwards v. Arizona that police may not reinterrogate a suspect who has invoked his Miranda rights unless he waives them - unless you're Dirty Harry? On May 18 Mark S. Fowler (1941-) becomes FCC chmn. #? (until Apr. 17, 1987), going on to work to deregulate the telecomm industry, with the soundbyte "The television is just another appliance - it's a toaster with pictures." On May 24 Ecuadorian pres. (since Aug. 10, 1979) Jaime Roldos Aguilera (b. 1940) dies in a small plane crash, and vice-pres. Luis Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea (1939-) becomes pres. #34 of Ecuador (until Aug. 10, 1984). On May 25 (Memorial Day) daredevil Daniel "Dan" Goodwin (1955-), wearing a Spiderman costume scales the outside of Chicago's 110-story Sears Tower in 7.5 hours in an attempt to prove that people trapped in the Nov. 21, 1980 burning MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas could have been rescued, causing the press to dub him Spider Dan; on Nov. 7 despite police interference he climbs the 56-story Renaissance Tower in Dallas, Tex., and on Nov. 11 he climbs the 100-story John Hancock Center in Chicago, Ill.; on May 30 (Memorial Day), 1983 he climbs the North Tower of the WTC in New York Center, and finishes on June 26, 1986 by scaling the CN Tower in Toronto, Canada. On May 25 the Gulf Cooperation Council is founded in Riyadh by Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the UAE to coordinate resistance to outside intervention of the Persian Gulf; in ? the name is changed to Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG); in Dec. 2011 Saudi Arabia proposes that they form a confederation, until Qatar begins backing the Muslim Brotherhood, causing a rift in 2014. On May 26 a U.S. Marine jet crashes onto the flight deck of the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz off Fla., killing 14. On May 26 the Italian govt. resigns after 953 govt. officials incl. them, legislators, judges and bankers are linked to the secret Masonic org. Propaganda Due (P2) (discovered on Mar. 17), whose grandmaster Licio Gelli (1919-) is charged with spying for Argentina, his secret membership list being found by police and released on Apr. 21. On May 27 after Ark. enacts a law in Mar. requiring public schools to teach creationism alongside Darwinian evolution, the ACLU files suit, calling it "hasty and ill-conceived"; on July 21 La. gov. (1980-4) (Methodist) David C. Treen (1928-) signs a law requiring creationism to be given equal time to evolution, which in 1987 is deemed unenforceable, which doesn't stop them from keeping it on the books until ?. On May 30 Bangladesh pres. Zia ur-Rahman is assassinated in Chittagong by a group of army officers led by Maj. Gen. Mohammad Abdul Manzur; on Nov. 15 after a failed military coup, vice-pres. (former judge) Abdus Sattar (1906-85) is elected pres. (until Mar. 24, 1982). In May after tainted water and overdiluted formula are found to leave infants sick and malnourished, 119 nations vote for a voluntary Internat. Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes developed by WHO to restrict marketing of infant formula to women in favor of breastfeeding; the U.S. is the only dissenting vote; on Mar. 16, 1982 Nestle Corp. of Switzerland issues guidelines to comply, and promises to curtail distribution to hospitals, causing the 1977 boycott to be suspended in 1984; in 1988 after hospitals are flooded with free supplies, the boycott is reinstated (until ?). On June 1 Spain legalizes civil divorce, but the Roman Catholic Church prohibits members from availing themselves of it. The original brokeback mountain? On June 5 an issue of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly by the Federal Centers for Disease Control reports the occurrence of a rare form of pneumonia in five otherwise healthy gay men in Los Angeles, Calif. who have weakened immune systems, and suggests that it might be related to their homosexual activities - head or bareback? On June 6 a train brakes to avoid hitting a sacred cow in Mansi near Bihar, India, causing seven coaches to plunge off a bridge into the Baghmati (Kosi?) River, killing 800. There goes my Pride and Joy? On June 7 after the U.S. granted them access to top-secret satellite photos, Israeli PM Menachem Begin orders Operation Opera (Babylon), and Israeli F-15s and F-16s under IAF cmdr. #9 (1977-82) Gen. David Ivry (1934-) (Israeli ambassador to the U.S. in 2000-2) fly from Etzion Air Base in the Sinai 680 mi. across Jordan and Saudi Arabia and destroy Iraq's 40-70 MW French-supplied Osirak (Osiraq) nuclear reactor (built 1977) 11 mi. SE of Baghdad in an effort to prevent Saddam Hussein's Iraq (and Arabs) from obtaining nukes; it had already been damaged by an Iranian air strike on Sept. 30, 1980, and repaired; when informed of the strike, new U.S. Pres. Reagan utters the soundbyte: "Boys will be goys, er, boys"; Israeli pilot Ilan Ramon, who participates in the mission is killed in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster on Feb. 1, 2003; in the 1991 Gulf War the U.S. completely destroys what's left of it; this only makes Saddam Husein work harder at it?; the U.S. is furious at the news, with defense secy. saying that "Begin must have lost control of his senses". On June 10 (7:00 p.m.) near Vermicino, Frascati, Italy, 6-y.-o. Alfredo "Alfredino" Rampi (b. 1975) falls down a 30cm x 80m artesian well, and dies on June 13 before he can be rescued. On June 11 a 6.9 earthquake in S Iran kills 3K; on July 28 a 7.3 earthquake in the same area kills 1.5K. On June 12 U.S. ML baseball players begin a 49-day strike over the issue of free-agent compensation, causing 38% of the schedule to be canceled; the season doesn't resume until Aug. 9 with the All-Star Game in Cleveland, Ohio. On June 13 a scare during a parade in London is caused by teenager Martin Simon Sergeant (1964-) firing six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II during the annual Trooping of the Colour ceremony in the Mall as she rides a horse named Burmese; she continues riding until 1986, then switches to a carriage. On June 14 an equal rights amendment for women is passed in Switzerland, enshrining it in the constitution; too bad, on June 14, 1991 hundreds of thousands of women stage protests about the lack of improvement in their situation, causing a new equality law to be passed in 1996. On June 14 a bus plunges 300 ft. into a ravine at Kohat Pass in Pakistan, killing 23 and injuring 25. On June 15 the First Holocaust Survivor Reunion is held in Jerusalem - hosted by Jeff Probskowicz? On June 18 U.S. Supreme Court Justice (since 1958) Potter Stewart announces his retirement; on Sept. 25 after Reagan appoints her on Aug. 19, Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-) becomes U.S. Supreme Court justice #102 (until Jan. 31, 2006), the first woman; pro-abortion and pro-ERA, she sat on the Ariz. state appeals court only 18 mo., and graduated #3 from Stanford U. Law School (#1 was William Rehnquist). On June 19 the Org. of Eastern Caribbean States is founded, based in Castries, Saint Lucia. On June 19 the European Space Agency's first spacecraft, Ariane 1 (first flight Dec. 24 1979) carries two satellites into orbit. On June 20 Pope John Paul II is hospitalized for an infection linked to his shooting injuries; on Aug. 5 he undergoes an operation, and is discharged on Aug. 14. On June 21 23-y.-o. gay black pedophile Wayne Bertram Williams (1958-) is arrested for murdering two of 29 young blacks whose bodies were found in the Atlanta, Ga. area over a 22-mo. period; next Jan. 6 his trial begins, and on Feb. 27 he is found guilty of the murder of the two; later 23 more murders are pinned on him. On June 22 Mark David Chapman pleads guilty to killing John Lennon. On June 22 Abolhassan Bani-Sadr is dismissed as pres. of Iran by Ayatollah Khomeini, and flees to Paris; on June 28 chief justice Ayatollah Mohammed Beheshti, head of the Islamic Repub. Party is killed along with four govt. ministers in a bombing attack in Tehran; on Aug. 30 another bombing attack in Iran kills PM Hojatolislam Javad Bahonar (b. 1933) (new head of the Islamic Repub. Party) and Col. Houshang Dagsgerdi; on Sept. 1 a bomb attack in Tehran kills Khomeini's aide Ayatollah Assadolah Madani. On June 25 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in Rostker v. Goldberg that a male-only draft registration is constitutional; White, Marshall, and Brennan dissent. On June 26 Dan-Air Flight 240, a cargo plane working for Royal Mail explodes and breaks apart in midair, crashing near Nailstone, Leicestershire, England and killing all three crewmembers aboard. On June 26 Couples for Christ is founded in the Philippines. On June 28 Italian Repub. Party leader Giovanni Spadolini (1925-94) becomes PM #64 of Italy (until Dec. 1, 1982), becoming the first not of the Christian Dem. Party since 1945. On June 29 after a meeting of the 215-member Chinese Central Committee starting June 27, Deng Xiaoping's protege Hu Yaobang (1915-89) is elected Communist Party chmn. (until 1987), replacing Mao's hand-picked successor Hua Guofeng; Deng becomes chmn. of the military commission of the Central Committee, giving him control of the army and supreme power; the committee concludes its session with a statement holding dead Chmn. Mao responsible for the "grave blunder" of the Cultural Rev.; in Oct. 1983 Deng begins purging the Chinese Communist Party of extreme left-wing Mao holdovers too bad, after a long struggle to enact economic and political reforms, he loses to hardliners in 1987, and his death on Apr. 15, 1989 triggers the Tiananmen Square Protests - who do you bang? On June 29 Morris Edwin Roberts Jr. takes nine employees hostage in the FBI offices of the federal bldg. in Atlanta, Ga., holding them with a machine gun for three hours before being killed in a shootout. On June 30 Fianna Fail PM (since Dec. 1979) Charles James "Charlie" Haughey (1925-2006) resigns, and Fine Gael leader Garret Fitzgerald (1926-) becomes PM (taoiseach) of Ireland (until Mar. 9, 1982). In June Israeli PM Menachem Begin appoints Gen. Ariel Sharon as defense minister, who advocates Jewish settlement in occupied Arab territories, and presides over battles with the PLO and Israeli air strikes in Beirut and S Lebanon until a July 24 ceasefire, after which Israel claims in Aug. that the PLO is moving artillery into the Lebanese U.N. zone; on Jan. 16, 1982 Pres. Reagan notes in his diary that Sharon is "the bad guy who seemingly looks forward to a war". In June Norway declares a 200-mi. "economic zone" around Jan Mayen Island, and prohibits foreign fishing. In June Morocco agrees to a ceasefire with the Algerian-backed Polisario Front in the Western Sahara, with a referendum under internat. supervision to decide the territory's fate, but the referendum is never carried out. In June the No Wave music genre is launched in New York City by Sonic Youth, featuring groups incl. Swans, Theoretical Girls, Big Black, and Live Skull. In the summer the 64K-acre Big Muddy Ranch in C Ore., where the 1975 film "Rooster Cogburn" was filmed in 1975 is purchased for $6M by the India-based Rajneesh Foundation Internat. of Indian "sex guru" Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh (1931-90) (AKA Osho), after which 5K members move into the new town called Rajneeshpuram, bringing nudity, free love, herpes and gonorrhea, and pissing-off the local residents of Antelope, Ore. after its city charter is amended on Sept. 18, 1984 to change the name to Rajneesh; the election is rigged by busing in thousands of vagrants and keeping them under sedation until they vote, resulting in 700 cases of salmonella poisoning, becoming the first case of bioterrorism in the U.S.?; the guru's personal secy. Ma Anand Sheela (1950-) is appointed to speak for him while he takes a vow of silence, until he suddenly reneges, pissing her off, causing her to allegedly plot against him and wiretap him, then leave in Sept. 1985 along with 14 other top members, after which on Sept. 16 he calls her a leader of a "gang of fascists" that left the ashram $55M in debt, and dissolves the religion of Rajneeshism and has his followers burn 5K copies of the Book of Rajneeshim on Sept. 30, 1985; on Oct. 28, 1985 the guru is arrested on federal immigration charges and deported; the members leave and the town's name is restored; the 1985 lawsuit Byron v. Rajneesh Foundation Internat. awards Helen Byron of Portland, Ore. the $300K she was induced to hand over to the org. to buy the guru a Rolls Royce. On July 2 the Wonderland Gang is murdered in a gangland massacre led by Eddie Nash. On July 3 Yugoslavia passes constitutional amendments reaffirming its Commie stance along with the 1-2 year pres. office terms that came into effect after Tito died in 1980. On July 3 the Toxteth Racial Riots in Liverpool, England begin after a mob saves a youth from being arrested; the Chapeltown Racial Riots in Leeds then begin. On July 3 the New York Times runs its first article on a mysterious gay disease by Dr. Lawrence K. Altman titled "Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals"; on Aug. 28 the Nat. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), noting a high incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia in homosexual men announce that a medical task force has been formed to investigate; an editorial in the Dec. 10 New England Journal of Medicine discounts the possibility of an unknown infectious agent and sticks with the poppers (amyl and butyl nitrite) theory; meanwhile HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is discovered in C Africa, and the CDC issues its first warning about a rare disease, originally called Gay Related Immune Deficiency (GRID), and changed in 1982 to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). On July 4 A Capitol Fourth debuts on PBS-TV, hosted by E.G. Marshall, becoming their highest-rated show. On July 7 Pres. Reagan announces the nomination of Ariz. judge Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-) (Protestant) to become the first female justice on the U.S. Supreme Court; she graduated #3 at Harvard Law School, behind #1 William Rehnquist, and once dated; U.S. atty.-gen. (1981-5) William French Smith (1917-90) is instrumental in her nomination; she is confirmed as the 103rd U.S. Supreme Court justice on Sept. 21. On July 7 a bus plunges into a gorge outside Kawanpui, India, killing 32 and injuring 19. On July 8 Provisional IRA member Joe McDonnell (b.1951) dies in Long Kesh Prison after a 61-day hunger strike. On July 8 Calif. gov. Jerry Brown announces the delay of aerial spraying of malathion to control a Mediterranean fruit fly infestation in favor of ground-based efforts. On July 16 Sunni Muslim ethnic Malay country doctor Mahathir bin Mohamad (Kutty) 1925-) becomes PM #4 of Malaysia (until Oct. 31, 2003), the first not to have participated in the negotiations for Malysian independence in 1957; he goes on to become one of Asia's longest-serving leaders and Malaysia's longest-serving PM, promoting Western-style modernization while criticizing Western-style globalization; on May 10, 2018 he becomes Malaysian PM #7 (until ?). On July 17 the Glasdrumman Ambush sees the Provisional IRA attack a British Army observation post SW of Crossmaglen, County Armagh, North Ireland, killing one soldier and injuring another. On July 17 a pair of walkways above the lobby of the Kansas City Hyatt Regency Hotel in Mo. collapse during a tea dance into a crowded atrium lobby, killing 114 and injuring 200+. On July 17 Israeli aircraft bomb Beirut, Lebanon, targeting multi-story apt. complexes containing PLO offices, and killing 300 civilians, causing worldwide condemnation and a U.S. embargo on the export of aircraft to Israel. On July 21 Tohui the Panda (1981-93) is born in Chapultepec Zoo in Mexico City, becoming the first to be born and survive in captivity outside China. On July 27 7-y.-o. toy lover Adam John Walsh (b. 1974) is abducted from a Sears store in Hollywood Mall, Fla. after he becomes separated from his mother, hooks up with older boys playing a video game, and a security guard asks them to leave, and 14 days later on Aug. 10 his severed head is found in a drainage canal 100 mi. away in Vero Beach (the rest of the body is never recovered), causing his father John Edward Walsh Jr. (1945-) to become a crusader, pushing for the creation of the U.S. Missing Children Act of 1982, the U.S. Missing Children's Assistance Act of 1984, and the U.S. Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006; on Feb. 7, 1988 he becomes host of the Fox-TV series America's Most Wanted, which spotlights wanted suspects and coordinates a nationwide search, celebrating its 1000th caught crook in Dec. 2008; prime suspect Ottis Elwood Toole (1947-96) (didn't I see him in "Deliverance"?) is arrested, confesses, recants, is never charged, and dies of liver failure in prison, but on Dec. 16, 2008 the police finally say they can prove he did it; meanwhile Toole's gay lover-partner, Blacksburg, Va.-born Henry Lee Lucas (1936-2001) is arrested in Tex. on June 11, 1983, then confesses to hundreds of unsolved murders, getting convicted for 157; after newspapers lampoon the convictions as made-up, his death sentence is commuted to life in 1998, and he dies of heart failure in prison in Huntsville, Tex. on Mar. 12, 2001. On July 29 British Prince Charles of Wales (1948-) and Lady Diana Spencer (1961-97) (who have only been together 13x, always calling him "sir") have a royal wedding in St. Paul's Cathedral in front of 2.7K guests, with a worldwide TV audience of 750M, afterwards pubicly bussing on the balcony of Buckingham Palace; new archbishop of Canterbury (1980-91) Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie (1921-2000) officiates; she wears an $18K ivory silk taffeta gown by Welsh fashion designer David Emanuel (1952-) and London-born British fashion designer Elizabeth Florence Emanuel (nee Weiner) (1953-), with 10K pearls and a 25-ft. detachable train; King Juan Carlos of Spain boycotts the wedding; on July 30 while attending the wedding, Gambian pres. (since 1970) Dawda Jawara is almost overthrown in a bloody leftist coup attempt led by Kukoi Samba Sanyang (1952-), which is quashed on Aug. 5 with the aid of troops from Senegal, after which Sanyanga sambas to exile in Libya. On July 31 Gen. Omar Torrijos (b. 1929), leader of Panama since 1968 and champion of the rights of the poor is killed along with six others in a plane crash near Penonome that author John Perkins in 2004 says has all the markings of a CIA assassination; he is replaced by U.S. ally Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (1934-2017). On Aug. 1 (12:01 a.m.) heavily youth-skewed MTV (Music TV) U.S. cable channel begins operation, with the soundbyte: "Ladies and gentlemen, rock and roll" by John Lack, and airs Video Killed the Radio Star by the Buggles, followed by You Better Run by Pat Benatar - Communist nations in the Soviet bloc can't stop the decadent Yankees from corrupting their youth now, and the Cold War is all-but won by sex, drugs, and rock & roll? On Aug. 3 the Prof. Air Traffic Controllers Org. (PATCO) (founded 1968) goes on strike, demanding a $10K a year pay raise and 4-day workweek despite a warning from Pres. Reagan that they will be fired if they didn't return to work within 48 hours, and on Aug. 5 after only 2K remain on the job he begins firing them, going on to fire 11,359 of 13K by Aug. 17, becoming a major defeat for labor unions; on Oct. 22 PATCO is decertified by the federal govt., and it files for bankruptcy in Nov.; the remaining PATCO workers supplemented by 2.5K non-union workers and military personnel take over, hiring and training new controllers while U.S. air service drops 25%. On Aug. 4 after pressure from all sectors (except cocaine traffickers), Gen. Luis Garcia Meza Tejada of Bolivia passes power on Sept. 4 to another junta under Gen. Celso Torrelio Villa (1933-99) (until July 21, 1982), which tries to hold on under this new face, but the internat. community refuses to buy it and it soon folds; Tejada flees, is extradited back in 1995 and given a 30-year sentence; his main henchman Col. Luis Arce Gomez ends up in prison in the U.S. for drug trafficking. On Aug. 7 the Washington Star (founded Dec. 16, 1852) ceases pub. after 128 years. On Aug. 12 U.S. vice-pres. George H.W. Bush, head of a special task force investigating regulatory relief announces that the Reagan admin. is putting three dozen federal regulations under review for elimination, incl. EPA guidelines on the amount of lead in gasoline, adding "We've only just begun." On Aug. 12 a bus plunges 450 ft. into a ravine in Pithoragarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, killing 43. On Aug. 13 in a ceremony at his Calif. ranch Cielo del Rancho outside Santa Barbara, Calif., Pres. Reagan signs the 1981 U.S. Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA), AKA the Kemp-Roth Tax Cut, his historic package of supply-side economics legislation, mandating $750B in tax cuts over the next five years (deepest tax and budget cuts in U.S. history), incl. tax incentives for savings and real estate investment as well as deductions for charitable donations, and reductions for estate and gift taxes, as designed by Calif. economist Arthur Betz Laffer (1940-), creator of the well-named (author bets it's a laffer?) Laffer Curve, which predicts an increase in tax revenues after a decrease in tax rates, producing the longest peacetime boom in U.S. history, although low taxes leads to deterioration of infrastructure incl. inner cities, plus massive deficits from foreign borrowing; too bad that the nation is moving into a recession?; in 1980 vice-pres. George H.W. Bush calls it "voodoo economics"; Reaganomics was co-founded by Am. economist Paul Craig Roberts (1939-). On Aug. 15 Mohammad Javad Bahonar (b. 1933) becomes PM #3 of the Islamic Repub. of Iran (first cleric); on Aug. 30 he is assassinated by a bomb. On Aug. 19 after Pres. Reagan tests his Line of Death with a large naval force, the Gulf of Sidra Incident sees Libyan dictator Muammar al-Gaddafi order two Sukhoi Su-22 fighters to intercept two U.S. F-14A Tomcat fighters over the Gulf of Sidra, who easily destroy the Libyan fighters. On Aug. 20 a 42-day hunger strike is begun by IRA prisoners in an attempt to reachieve political prisoner status, which had been lost on Mar. 1, 1976 with the "criminalization" of IRA soldiers without trial; 10 die by Oct 3. On Aug. 21 Muslim physician Farooq Abdullah (1937-), son of Kashmiri nationalist leader Sheikh Abdullah ("the Lion of Kashmir") (whose health is failing, and who dies in 1982) is appointed pres. of the nat. conference of Kashmir. On Aug. 22 five Afghan resistance groups form the Mujahideen Alliance, which by 1985 is up to seven groups, called the Islamic Unity of Afghanistan (Seven Party) (Peshawar Seven) Mujahidin (Mujahideen) Alliance, dedicated to kicking the Soviets out of Afghanistan, seeking representation in the U.N.; Pakistani pres. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq later utters the soundbyte to infidel U.S. Pres. Ronald Reagan that when it comes to signing Geneva agreements yet continuing to supply weapons to Afghan jihadis fighting the infidel Soviet Union: "We'll just lie about it. That's what we've been doing for eight years. Muslims have the right to lie in a good cause." On Aug. 25 NASA spacecraft Voyager 2 comes within 63K mi. of Saturn's cloud cover, sending back pictures and data about the ringed planet; Voyager 1 also flies by Saturn. On Aug. 27 divers recover a safe found aboard the sunken ship Andrea Doria (sunk July 25, 1956). On Aug. 28 South African troops invade Angola. On Aug. 31 a Red Army Faction bomb explodes at the USAF base in Ramstein, West Germany, injuring 20. In Aug. Mass.-born John Edwin Mroz (1948-2014), dir. of Middle East studies at the U.N.-affiliated Internat. Peace Academy is contacted by PLO chmn. Yasser Arafat, who offers to negotiate on acknowledging the existence of Israel in exchange for official recognition by the U.S., causing him to travel to Beirut after authorization by U.S. state secy. Alexander M. Haig Jr., meeting with Arafat 50+ times, getting Arafat's tentative approval for mutual recognition by May 1982; too bad, the June 6, 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon causes the plans to be called off, after which the White House denies knowledge of his operation; it takes until 1993 for the Israel and PLO to formally recognize each other. On Sept. 1 using the 1980 referendum as an excuse, Aparacio Mendez is ousted by gen. Gregorio Conrado Alvarez Armelino (1926-), who becomes de facto pres. #27 of Uruguay (until Feb. 12, 1985), continuing oppression of Tuparaos, and extending it to labor unions, causing him to lose all support, then agree to elections in Nov. 1984; in Dec. 2007 he is indicted for human rights abuses, and convicted on Oct. 22, 2009, and sentenced to 25 years on 37 counts. On Sept. 1 Milton Berle's 30-year contract ($200K/year) with NBC-TV expires. On Sept. 1 the first religiously-integrated (Catholic-Protestant) second school in North Ireland opens. On Sept. 3 the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (adopted by the U.N. Gen. Assembly in 1979) comes into force; all developed nations except the U.S. ratify it until ? On Sept. 3 David Brinkley ends his 38-year career with NBC-TV News by moving to ABC-TV and hosting the Sun. morning interview series This Week With David Brinkley starting on Nov. 15 (until 1996), along with San Donaldson, Cokie Roberts, and George Frederick Will. On Sept. 4 an explosion in a mine in Zaluzi, Czech. kills 65. On Sept. 4 French ambassador to Lebanon Louis Delamare (b. 1921) is assassinated in a bungled kidnap attempt by the Shiite Islamic Dawa Party in Lebanon run by Abu Nidal on the orders of Syria to punish France for trying to peacefully resolve the Lebanese civil war and/or give sanctuary to deposed Iranian pres. Abolhassan Banisadr. On Sept. 5 Egyptian feminist physician-writer Nawal El Saadawi (1931-) ("the Simone de Beauvoir of the Arab World") is arrested along with 1,535 others for "stirring up sectarian strife" against Anwar el-Sadat, then released after his Oct. 6 assassination; her fight against female genital mutilation (FGM) incl. the soundbyte: "Society looks at the woman as a tool of love and deprives her of the one organ which will make her be good at it." On Sept. 9 a truck hits a bus and forces it over a 330-ft. cliff near Santos, Sao Paolo, Brazil, killing 29 and injuring 14. On Sept. 10 Pablo Picasso's 1937 painting Guernica (about the Apr. 26, 1937 bombing of Guernica, Spain) is returned to Spain from New York City and installed in Madrid's Prado Museum to signal that democracy has been restored. On Sept. 11 a private plane crashes into the Swing Auditorium (built in 1949, 1964 launching point for the first U.S. tour of the Rolling Stones, and known for a 1978 incident where Black Sabbath fans boo the Ramones off the stage) in San Bernardino, Calif., damaging it beyond repair. On Sept. 12 George Leong organizes the first annual Asian-Am. Jazz Festival in San Francisco, Calif. On Sept. 12 (Sat.) Hanna-Barbera Productions' animated series The Smurfs debuts on NBC-TV for 256 episodes (until Dec. 2, 1989), based on the Belgian comic series created by Peyo, featuring Papa Smurf, and Nanny Smurf and their 99 kids, incl. Brainy Smurf, Hefty Smuf, Jokey Smuf, Chef Smurf, Pansy Smurf, Baby Smurf, Dreamy Smurf, Greedy Smurf, Harmony Smurf, Vanity Smurf, Marco Smurf, Tracker Smurf, Sneaky Smurf, Spy Smurf, Stinky Smurf, Smurfette, Grouchy Smurf, Lazy Smurf, Angel Smurf, Natural Smurf, Clumsy Smurf, Natural Smurf, Natural "Nat" Smurfling, Slouchy Smufling, Snappy Smurfling, Enchanted Omnibus, King Gerard, Grako (The Magic Fountain), Father Time, Woody, Azrael, and Chorhydris (My Smurfy Valentine); On Sept. 13 Pres. Reagan nominates Kan.-born Diane K. Steed (1946-) to succeed Joan Claybrook as head of the Nat. Highway Traffic Safety Admin. of the U.S. Dept. of Transportation; she goes on to rescind several safety regs imposed under the Carter admin. and resist proposals for new ones, backed by House Commerce Committee chmn. (D-Mich.) John Dingell. On Sept. 14 Margaret Thatcher appoints British MP (1970-92) Edward Cecil Parkinson (1931-) as chmn. of the British Conservative Party and paymaster gen., allowing him to join the War Cabinet that runs the Falklands War; in Oct. 1983 he resigns after his former secy. Sara Keays is found to be pregnant with his daughter. On Sept. 14 in a paradigm shift for millions, Judge Joseph Albert Wapner (1919-2017) and the syndicated People's Court debuts on TV for 2,484 episodes (until 1993), presiding over real small claims cases in binding arbitration, becoming the first reality court TV show. On Sept. 15 U.S. Sen. (R-Ariz.) (1953-65, 1969-87) Barry Morris Goldwater (1909-98) AKA Mr. Conservative (whose Jewish father owned the largest dept. store in Phoenix) speaks out on the Senate floor against Jerry Falwell and his Moral Majority along with the New Right and New Conservatism, with the soundbyte "I've spent quite a number of years carrying the flag of the Old Conservatism, and I can say with conviction that the religious issues of these groups have little or nothing to do with conservative or liberal politics. The uncompromising positions of these groups is a divisive element that could tear apart the very spirit of our representative system, if they gain sufficient strength... By maintaining he separation of church and state, the United States has avoided the intolerance which has so divided the rest of the world with religious wars... Can any of us refute the wisdom of Madison and the other framers? Can anyone look at the carnage of Iran, the bloodshed in Northern Ireland, or the bombs bursting in Lebanon, and yet question the dangers of injecting religious issues into the affairs of state?" On Sept. 15 150-y.-o. John Bull (launched Sept. 15, 1831) becomes the oldest working steam locomotive on Earth, operating outside Washington, D.C. On Sept. 18 by a 363-117 vote, France abolishes capital punishment, becoming the last W Euro country to do it. On Sept. 19 Simon and Garfunkel reunite for a free Concert in Central Park on the Great Lawn, attended by 500K, releasing a live album next Feb. 16. On Sept. 19 the Solidarity Day March in Washington, D.C., organized by the AFL-CIO to protest Reagan admin. labor and domestic policies esp. Pres. Reagan's firing of 12K striking air traffic controllers on Aug. 5 is attended by 260K; a repeat is held on Aug. 31, 1991, organized by 180 labor, civil rights, religious, and environmental groups to turn federal govt. attention away from foreign issues to domestic issues, attended by 250K-325K. On Sept. 19 the People's Repub. of China launches three satellites aboard a single FB-1 rocket. On Sept. 20 the overloaded Brazilian river boat Sobral Santos capsizes in the Amazon River at Obidos, kiling 300. On Sept. 21 low pop. density Belize (formerly British Honduras), the only English-speaking country in Central Am. becomes independent as a member of the British Commonwealth under PM #1 George Cadle Price (1919-) (until Dec. 17, 1984); the royal blue Belize Flag (adopted Sept. 21) displays the coat of arms (Jan. 28, 1907) in a white disc at the center, depicting a mestizo and African descent man carrying tools along with mahogany trees in honor of the logging industry, and the motto "Sub Umbra Floreo" (Under the Shade I Flourish); the blue represents the People's United Party (PUP), and red stripes along the top and bottom represent the rival United Dem. Party (UDP); 50 leaves represent 1950, the year the PUP came to power. too bad, Guatemala refuses to recognize them until 1991, causing the British to leave 1.5K troops to protect it. On Sept. 23 the Reagan admin. announces plans for Radio Marti, based in Miami, Fla. to transmit Spanish language broadcasts to Cuba. On Sept. 23 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 491 to admit Belize; on Nov. 10 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 492 to admit Antigua and Barbuda. On Sept. 24 (11:30 a.m.) four Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) militants seize the Turkish consulate in Paris, holding 56 hostages for 15 hours before surrendering; on Jan. 31, 1984 they are convicted and sentenced to seven years in prison after the French govt. allegedly strikes a secret deal with ASALA to not conduct any more attacks on French soil and granting them use of French airports. On Sept. 25 the Rolling Stones begin their Tattoo You Tour at JFK Stadium in Philly, becoming the highest grossing tour of 1981 with $50M in ticket sales - because nothing is more American than a second chance? On Sept. 26 the twin-engine wide-body Boeing 767 makes its maiden flight in Everett, Wash.; its first commercial flight is on Sept. 8, 1982 for United Airlines from Chicago, Ill. to Denver, Colo.; seating capacity is 211 vs. 147 for the 707, 145 for the 727, and 452 for the 747; too bad, there are few orders in a glutted market that alredy has 600 707s, 1,760 727s, 530 747s. On Sept. 29 a bus and truck collide head-on near Quintanar de la Orden, Spain, killing 25 and injuring 20+, all members of the Spanish Communist Party returning to Murcia from an annual meeting in Madrid. On Sept. 29 after the U.S. economy takes a turn for the worse, inflation is running at 14%, and a recession hits blue collar workers hard, Pres. Reagan gives a televised Address to the Nation on the Program for Economic Recovery, appealing for fiscal austerity and asking for an additional $13B in spending cuts for fiscal 1982; he then shocks the supply-siders by requesting $3B in tax increases; meanwhile rumors circulate that Reagan is planning a 3-mo. freeze on the annual cost of living increase in Social Security benefits after budget dir. David Stockman proposes in May to cut early retirement benefits available at age 62. In Sept. the CIA is informed that a major Contra rebel group plans to sell drugs in the U.S. to pay its bills - right now there's summer ale? In Sept. Pope John Paul II issues the encyclical Laborem Exercens, proposing a new economic order that is neither Capitalist nor Marxist based on the dignity of work and the rights of workers - Dignitism? In Sept. Pres. Reagan appoints Am.-born Muslim convert Robert Dickson Crane (1929-) (former Nixon advisor) as U.S. ambassador to the UAE, but he is soon fired by U.S. state secy. Alexander Haig. In Sept. the U.S. Ketchup As a Vegetable Controversy sees the Reagan admin. unsuccessfully try to get ketchup and pickle relish reclassified from condiments to vegetables to allow public school lunch programs to cut out a serving of real cooked or fresh veggies. On Oct. 1 after a French, British, and Belgian boycott on veal, and a U.S. ban on diethylstilbestrol (DES), the European Economic Community bans hormones in cattle feed, making veal tastier and beef more expensive. On Oct. 5 Pres. Reagan signs a resolution granting honorary U.S. citizenship to Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1912-?) (claimed by the Soviets to have died in their captivity on July 17, 1947, but thought to be still be alive), becoming the 2nd person to get the honor after Winston Churchill in 1963. On Oct. 6 after cracking down on the Muslim Brotherhood and al-Islamiya and having 1.6K arrested in a single night in Sept., and negotiating with Israel, pissing them off, and trying to appease them by inserting Article 2 into the Egyptian constitution, "Sharia is the principal source of legislation", Egyptian pres. (since 1970) Anwar al-Sadat (b. 1918) is assassinated by Muslim extremists of al-Islamiya (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) during a military parade celebrating the 1973 Egypt-Israeli War; this was preceded by a fatwa authorizing his assassination by "Blind Sheikh" Omar Abdel-Rahman (1938-2017); assassin Khalid Islambouli shouts "I have slain Pharaoh, and I do not fear death"; Sadat's funeral is held on Oct. 10 in Cairo; on Oct. 14 vice-pres. (since 1975) Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak (1928-2020) (who was on the reviewing stand with Sadat) becomes pres. #4 of Egypt (until Feb. 11, 2011), having several hundred extremists arrested, 24 tried for murder, and five executed, reaffirming the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty while making friendly overtures to Arab states and releasing political prisoners; he goes on to survive in office so long he becomes known as the "Sphinx of Egypt"; on Mar. 18, 2011 assassination mastermind Abbud al-Zumar (Abboud el-Zomoor) (1947-) is released from prison during the 2011 Arab Spring. On Oct. 8 at the White House Pres. Reagan greets former presidents Carter, Ford, and Nixon, who are preparing to travel to Egypt for the funeral of Anwar Sadat. On Oct. 8 an explosive device from the Unabomber is defused at the U. of Utah. On Oct. 10 the Provisional IRA sets off a bomb near Chelsea Barracks in London, killing two and injuring 39. On Oct. 10 the Japanese ministry of education issues the Joyo Kanji, an official guide to 1,945 kanji characters for secondary schools. On Oct. 14 a bus plunges off a mountain road outside Simla, Himachal Pradesh, India, killing 40 and injuring 45. On Oct. 16 a gas explosion at a coal mine in Hokutan, Yubari, Hokkaido, Japan kills 93. On Oct. 18 the BBC-TV series Bergerac debuts for 87 episodes (until 1991); set on Jersey, it stars alcoholic John Nettles (1941-) as maverick Detective Sgt. Jim Bergerac of Le Bureau des Etrangers (Foreigners Office) of the States of Jersey Police in an island filled with tax exile millionaires, becoming a big British hit; he drives a burgundy 1947 Triumph Roadster with a long bonnet that is out of place on the narrow winding Jersey roads; his father-in-law is Charlie Hungerford, played by Terence Joseph Alexander (1923-2009). On Oct. 18 the Pan-Hellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) heavily defeats the New Democracy Party in gen. elections in Greece, and on Oct. 21 PASOK leader Andreas Papandreou (1919-96) becomes PM #3 of the Third Hellenic Repub. (until July 2, 1989), forming Greece's first Socialist govt. On Oct. 20 the Brink's Robbery of 1981 is a bungled armored truck robbery in Nanuet, N.Y. by members of the Weather Underground and Black Liberation Army, making off with $1.6M after guard Peter Paige and police officers Edward O'Grady and Waverly Brown are killed; four members of the radical Weather Underground are later arrested and sentenced to 75-life; #5 Kathy Boudin (1943-) is paroled in 2003; getaway driver Judith Clark has her 75-years-to-life sentence commuted by Gov. Andrew Cuomo in 2016. On Oct. 20-27 the Los Angeles Dodgers (NL) defeat the New York Yankees (AL) 4-2 to win the Seventy-Eighth (78th) (1981) World Series; Mexican-born lefty rookie Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Fernando Valenzuela Anguamea (1960-) (known for his screwball and for looking skyward during his windup) wins eight straight games incl. five shutouts with an ERA of 0.50, becoming the first ML player to win Rookie of the Year and the Cy Young Award in the same season, plus he makes the All-Star team, touching off "Fernandomania" and bringing in Hispanic fans, also pitching a complete Game 3 in the WS; after burning out he is released by the Dodgers in 1991. On Oct. 22 the U.S. nat. debt hits $1T for the first time; a few weeks earlier Pres. Reagan uttered the soundbyte: "If we, as a nation, need a warning, let that be it." On Oct. 22 Spanish police arrest three members of the ETA Basque separatist org., incl. feminists Jimina Alonso Matthias and Carmen Santos, causing a protest by 100+ feminists. On Oct. 22 the U.S. FDA approves no-bitter-aftertaste sugar substitute Aspartame, a mixture of aspartic acid and phenylalinine accidentally discovered in 1965; in 1983 U.S. soft drink makers beginning combining it with saccharin; next year Aspartame-based Equal artificial sweetener is introduced in the U.S.by G.D. Searle, followed in 1997 by NutraSweet; in 2010 the name is changed to AminoSweet. On Oct. 26 an IRA bomb explodes in a Wimpy Bar in Oxford St., London, killing bomb disposal expert Kenneth Howorth while attempting to defuse it. On Oct. 27 Soviet Whiskey class submarine S-363 runs aground 10 km from the Swedish naval base at Karlskrona. On Oct. 29 (Thur.) the sitcom Gimme a Break! debuts on NBC-TV for 137 episodes (until May 12, 1987), starring African-Am. actress-singer Nell Carter (Nell Ruth Hardy) (1948-2003) as Nellie Ruth "Nell" Harper, a singer from Tuscaloosa County, Ala. who takes care of the three daughters of widowed Glenlawn, Calif. (between Sacramento and Fresno) police chief Carl "Chief" Kanisky, played by Adolphus Jean "Dolph" Sweet (1920-85); in season three foster son Joey Donovan debuts, played by Joseph Lawrence Mignogna Jr. (1976-), performing in blackface at a church benefit; singing guest celebs incl. Sammy Davis Jr., Andy Gibb, Ray Parker Jr., and Whitney Houston. On Oct. 31 hardline rightist (painter-architect) Mir Hussein (Hossein) Mousavi Khameneh (1942-) becomes PM of Iran (until Aug. 3, 1989). In Oct. gay English rock band Queen performs for 150K fans in Monterrey, Mexico on their South Am. tour, making them the first major rock band to play in South Am. stadiums (total audience 479K). On Nov. 1 Antigua and Barbuda (Sp. Ancient and Bearded) in the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles (modern pop. 86K) gain independence from Britain. On Nov. 4 Pittsburgh, Penn.-born Dr. George Constantine "Dr. Nick" Nichopoulos (1927-) is acquitted of overprescribing addictive drugs for Elvis Presley - it would be an oxymoron? On Nov. 4 Hungary applies for membership in the World Bank and IMF; it is admitted to the IMF in May 1982 and the World Bank in July 1982. On Nov. 9 Burmese pres. (since ?) U Ne Win resigns after 19 year in power, and Gen. San Yu (1918-96) becomes pres. #5 of the Socialist Repub. of Burma (until July 27, 1988), with Ne Win continuing as chmn. of the dictatorial Socialist Program Party, and Yu continuing his policies. On Nov. 9 Mauritania abolishes slavery. On Nov. 12 the Double Eagle V becomes the first balloon to cross the Pacific ocean. On Nov. 12 the Church of England Gen. synod votes to admit women to holy orders - raging with remorse? On Nov. 16 General Hospital, the most-watched U.S. daytime TV show (since Apr. 1, 1963) has its biggest audience ever and biggest in daytime TV history with the short-lived Wedding of Luke and Laura (Tom Geary and Genie Francis). On Nov. 18 after U.S. asst. defense secy. Richard Perle talks him into it over secy. of state Alexander M. Haig's objections, Pres. Reagan proposes the Zero Option Policy in intermediate-range missiles, calling for the Soviets to dismantle its triple-headed SS-4, SS-5, and SS-20 missiles targeted at W Europe in return for a promise not to deploy Pershing II and Tomahawk cruise missiles in Europe, as announced on Nov. 12, 1979 and set for 1983; despite anti-nuclear activists dissing the proposal as designed to elicit a Soviet rejection, the coming to power of Mikhail Gorbachev causes them to agree to it in 1987. On Nov. 19 U.S. Steel agrees to pay $6.3M for Marathon Oil. On Nov. 22 the 1981 U.K. Tornado Outbreak sees 104 tormadoes touch down across England and Wales in 5 hours 26 min., becoming the largest tornado outbreak in Euro history (until ?). On Nov. 23 Pres. Reagan signs top secret Nat. Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17) authorizing the CIA to recruit and support Contra rebels in Nicaragua. On Nov. 24 the detective series Simon & Simon debuts on CBS-TV for 156 episodes (until Jan. 21, 1989), about two detective brothers in San Diego, Calif., starring Gerald Lee "Mac" McRaney (1947-) as Vietnam vet redneck Richard "Rick" Simon (who drives a Dodge Power Wagon), and Francis Jameson Parker Jr. (1947-) as college-educated Andrew Jackson "A.J." Simon (who drives a 1957 Chevy Bel Air convertible). On Nov. 25 the U.N. Gen. Assembly adopts the U.N. Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief. On Nov. 25-26 a group of 45 mercenaries led by Irish-born British Col. Thomas Michael "Mad Mike" Hoare (1920-) arrive on a commercial flight from Swaziland and take over Mahe Airport in the Seychelles in a failed coup attempt, after which most escape via a captured Air India passenger jet to Durban, where South African police arrest them; Hoare is pardoned on May 7, 1985. On Nov. 28 (night) 43-y.-o. actress Natalie Wood (b. 1938) (Robert Wagner's wife twice) drowns in a mysterious boating accident off Santa Catalina Island, Calif. after she goes to keep a dinghy from banging against the hull of their yacht Splendour anchored in Isthmus Cove and falls overboard wearing a heavy down-filled coat and wool sweater, drunk on wine; she dies the day after Thanksgiving during a filming hiatus for the 1983 sci-flick Brainstorm; co-star Christopher Walken and hubby Robert Wagner are aboard the yacht with her. On Nov. 30 the U.S. and the Soviet Union open negotiations in Geneva aimed at reducing intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe; they adjourn inconclusively on Dec. 17 - hey, tiger? On Nov. 30 well-hung porno superstar John Holmes (1944-88) is arrested on fugitive charges, and on Dec. 9 he is charged with the Laurel Canyon murders; he is later acquitted. In Nov. Roberto Suazo Cordova (Córdova) (1927-) of the centrist Liberal Party of Honduras (PLH) becomes the first democratically-elected pres. of Honduras in more than a cent.; he is sworn-in next Jan. 27 (until Jan. 27, 1986). In Nov. the weight of Lake Nasser unexpectedly triggers earthquakes in Egypt, some as severe as 5.3. In Nov. French Pres. Francois Mitterrand is diagnosed with prostate cancer, but the info. is kept secret until disclosed by his physician Dr. Claude Gubler in his 1996 book Le Grand Secret. In Nov. Polish Col. Ryszard Jerzy Kuklinski (1930-2004), who passed top secret Warsaw Pact documents to the CIA since 1971 is spirited out of Poland to the U.S. before martial law can be imposed in Dec.; on May 23, 1984 he is sentenced to death in absentia in Warsaw; the sentence is canceled in 1995. On Dec. 1 a chartered Yugoslav Airlines (DC-9 Super 80) slams into a mountain while approaching Ajaccio Airport in Corsica, killing 178. On Dec. 2 the Canadian House of Commons votes 246-24 to approve a resolution by PM Pierre Trudeau reforming the Canadian constitution to make Canada free of British rule; only the reps from Quebec dissent. On Dec. 4 the soap opera Falcon Crest debuts on CBS-TV in the time slot after Dallas for 227 episodes (until May 17, 1990), starring Jane Wyman (Sarah Jane Mayfield0 (1917-2007) (ex-wife of Pres. Ronald Reagan in 1940-9) as Calif. Tuscany Valley (NE of San Francisco) wine magnate Angela Channing; Robert Heath Foxworth (1941-) (original choice for J.R. Ewing before Larry Hagman) plays her nephew Chase Gioberti, who returns after the death of his father Jason gioberti to vie with her for the winery; Abby Dalton (Marlene Wasden) (1935-) and Margaret Ladd (1942-) play Angela's daughters Julia Cumson and Emma Channing; Lorenzo Lamas (1958-) (son of Fernando Lamas and Arlene Dahl) plays her lazy playboy grandson Lance Cumson. On Dec. 4 Pres. Reagan issues Executive Order on Intelligence No. 12333, broadening the power of the CIA to allow spying in the U.S. On Dec. 7 the Reagan admin. predicts a record deficit in 1982 of $109B. On Dec. 7 Spain becomes a member of NATO. On Dec. 8 the poorly ventilated No. 21 Mine in Whitewell, Tenn. explodes, killing 13 coal miners. On Dec. 8 Arthur Scargill (1938-) is elected pres. of the Nat. Union of Mineworkers in England (until 2000), going on to break off from the British Labour Party and found the Socialist Labour Party on Jan. 13, 1996. On Dec. 9 the U.N. Gen. Assembly adopts the Declaration on the Inadmissibility of Intervention and Interference in the Internal Affairs of States. On Dec. 9 (3:51 a.m.) white Philadelphia police officer Daniel J. Faulkner (b. 1955) is shot and killed during a routine traffic stop of a vehicle owned by the younger brother of Black Panther Mumia Abu-Jamal (Wesley Cook) (1954-), who is later convicted despite his claim of a frame-up; black Berkeley, Calif. activist and city councilwoman Maudelle Shirek (1911-) supports his release, causing her to be rejected in 2005 by the U.S. House of Reps. 215-190 for the honor of having a post office in her city named when Steve King (R-Iowa) brings it up; on Jan. 19, 2010 the U.S. Supreme Court reinstates the death penalty of a Neo-Nazi, opening the way for Abu-Jama's death penalty to be reinstated; too bad, on Dec. 7, 2011 prosecutors announce that they won't seek the death penalty after getting approval from the victim's family. On Dec. 10 the El Mozote Massacre in El Salvador sees 800+ civilians killed by the elite U.S.-trained Atlacatl army battalion, after which the Reagan admin. attempts a coverup since there is only one survivor, Rufina Amaya, whom they ignore along with El Salvadoran officials until 1992. On Dec. 10 Spain joins NATO. On Dec. 10 Palo Alto, Calif.-born economist Robert Ernest "Bob" Hall (1943-) and political scientist Alvin Rabushka (1940-) of Stanford U. pub. A Proposal to Simplify Our Tax System in The Wall Street Journal, advocating that the U.S. federal income tax be replaced with the Hall-Rabushka Flat Tax, a 19% flat tax that's allegedly so simple that it can be filed on a postcard-sized form; it goes on to influence the 1986 U.S. Tax Reform Act - even simpler would be for the govt. to confiscate everything sans forms? On Dec. 11 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 494 to appoint Javier Perez de Cuellar (Javier Pérez de Cuéllar) y de la Guerra (1920-) of Peru as U.N. secy.-gen. #5, becoming the first from Latin Am.; he takes office on Jan. 1, 1982 (until Dec. 31, 1991). On Dec. 12 Senegal and Gambia form the loose Senegambia Confederation, effective Feb. 1; on Sept. 30, 1989 after Gambia refuses to move closer toward union, it is dissolved. On Dec. 13 (Sun.) martial law in Poland is imposed by strongman PM Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski (until 1983); the Solidarity Labor Union is outlawed along with strikes, and its leader Lech Walesa imprisoned; on Dec. 29 Pres. Reagan curtails Soviet trade in reprisal for their Polish policy. On Dec. 14 after Syrian dictator Hafiz al-Asad utters the soundbyte that he will never make peace with Israel "even in a hundred years", Israeli PM Menachem Begin annexes the Golan Heights (seized from Syria in 1967), and the Knesset ratifies it the same day, pissing-off the U.S., which on Dec. 18 suspends the Dec. 1 U.S.-Israel Strategic Cooperation Agreement; on Dec. 20 U.S. ambassador Samuel Lewis meets with Begin in Tel Aviv, and receives a dressing-down, with the soundbyte: "The people of Israel have lived 3,700 years without a memorandum of understanding with America, and will continue to live for another 3,700", bringing up the Inquisition, Vietnam War, and anti-Semitism in the U.S., after which the Reagan admin. backs down; meanwhile on Dec. 17 the U.N. Security Council votes 13-0-2 (East Germany, U.S.S.R.) for Resolution 497, declaring the annexation "null and void and without international legal effect", calling on Israel to rescind it; next Jan. 28 after they refuse, they vote 13-0-2 (U.K., U.S.) for Resolution 500 to call an emergency meeting of the U.N. Gen. Assembly. On Dec. 16 riot police open fire on protesting miners in Katowice, Poland, killing nine and wounding 25; a 4-year trial acquits 22 riot police in 1997. On Dec. 17 (6:00 p.m.) four Italian Red Brigade terrorists dressed as plumbers kidnap U.S. Brig. Gen. James Lee Dozier (1931-), highest-ranking U.S. NATO officer in Italy from his apt. in Verona, and tie up his wife, becoming the first terrorist kidnapping of a U.S. gen.; he is rescued by an Italian anti-terrorist unit on Jan. 28 after 42 days. On Dec. 20 the Penlee Lifeboat Disaster off the coast of SW Cornwall sees a lifeboat go to the aid of the coaster Union Star in heavy seas, after which both ships are lost with all aboard, 16 total, eight from each. On Dec. 21 the Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa is established, leading to the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) in Dec. 1994. On Dec. 25 Chuck Woolery leaves as host (since 1974) of Merv Griffin's syndicated TV game show Wheel of Fortune, and is replaced on Dec. 13, 1982 as announcer by Pat Sajak (1946-); Susan Stafford is replaced as the letter-turner by S.C.-raised Vanna White (1957-) (first letter turned: T), with the original busy shopping format dropped in favor of the pure game plus a bonus round; its run on NBC-TV ends on June 30, 1989, after which it switches to CBS-TV until Jan. 11, 1991, then moves back to NBC-TV; Vanna claps 700+ times per show; the wheel has 24 spaces and weighs 2 tons. On Dec. 28 Elizabeth Jordan Carr becomes the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby born in the U.S., in Norfolk Gen. Hospital in Va. (5 lbs. 12 oz). On Dec. 31 after accusing him of taking the country "down the road to economic ruin", Flight Lt. Jeremiah John "Jerry" Rawlings (1947-) deposes Ghana's pres. #1 (since 1979) Hilla Limann, and becomes chmn. of the provisional nat. defense council of military and civilian members, promising free market reforms, while instituting an austerity program and turning into a new mean Idi Amin. On Dec. 31 CNN Headline News debuts, reaching 86M households and 600K hotel rooms by the end of the cent., and ending up becoming better at gathering fresh intel than the U.S. govt.? On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 875.00, vs. 963.98 at the end of 1980. In Dec. Pres. Reagan gives the CIA permission to begin paramilitary operations against the Sandinista govt. in Nicaragua; Contra founder and cmdr. Enrique Bermudez Varela (1932-91) (a CIA agent) orders Meneses and Blandon to begin trafficking in support of the Contras. In Dec. a Christian Dem. and Liberal coalition takes office in Belgium, lasting longer than almost all the 32 previous Belgian govts. since WWII, headed by PM Wilfried Martens (his 5th govt. since 1979). In Dec. Israeli soldiers cart Albert Einstein's 45K papers from their archive in Princeton U. to Israel via the terms of his will. In Dec. an article in the Atlantic Monthly titled The Education of David Stockman, by William Greider, subtitled "None of us really understands what's going on with all these numbers" embarrasses Pres. Reagan, who is characterized as lacking fiscal leadership skills, causing Stockman's stock to go down in the Reagan admin. fast. Conrail labor unions and mgt. accept a $290M per year cut in wages and benefits to stop the Reagan admin. from breaking it up and selling it. Encouraged by the Iranian Rev., Shiite fundamentalists attempt a failed coup in Bahrain in an attempt to install cleric Hujjatu I-Islam (Arab. "authority on Islam") Hadi al-Mudarrisi (al-Modarresi), who lives in exile in Iran. Mauritania passes a law banning slavery, but takes 26 years (until 2007) to give it teeth by passing another law promising jail time for slave holders, by which time nobody has ever been prosecuted. The non-self-governing territory of American Samoa (capital Pago Pago), known for canned tuna and pet food is allowed a non-voting delegate to the U.S. House of Reps. The walled Old City of Jerusalem is declared a World Heritage Site. The Peter G. Peterson Inst. for Internat. Economics is founded in Washington, D.C. by Am. economist C. Fred Bergsten (1941-), becoming the world's leading think tank on internat. economics. The Internat. Inst. of Islamic Thought (IIIT) in Herndon, Va. is founded with seed money from the Muslim Brotherhood. The world oil glut causes PEMEX to lower the price of Mexican oil, zooming the foreign public debt to over $57B. The Spanish Rapeseed Scandal sees adulterated rapeseed cooking oil kill or injure 20K while the world yawns. The U.S. Nat. Insts. of Health places saccharin on its list of suspected carcinogens but doesn't ban it like it did cyclamates in 1969; in 1998 an advisory group recommends taking it off the list, and it does so in 2000. Pres. Reagan reverses Pres. Carter and decides to stockpile neutron bombs. Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger of Germany is appointed guardian of the Roman Catholic Church's doctrinal orthodoxy, becoming one of the key men relied on by Pope John Paul II to silence dissident theologians. The Majlis-e-Shoora powerless consultative council is hand-picked by Gen. Zia ul-Haq, supporting demands for Islamization and Sharia, causing Sharia legislation to be passed in 1986 after being sponsored by senators Samiul Haq and Qazi Abdul Latif of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, becoming Pakistan's 9th constitutional amendment, which lapses when Zia dismisses PM Junejo and dissolves Parliament in 1988. Anne Wexler (1921-2009) becomes the first woman to found her own U.S. lobbying firm; in 1970 as mgr. of the Senate campaign of future hubby Joe Duffey, she enlisted Bill and Hillary Clinton as volunteers, giving them their first job in politics, after which she became an informal advisor to the Clinton admin. Former radical anti-war and ecological activist Ira Samuel Einhorn (1940-) (Ger. "unicorn") of Philadelphia, Penn. flees to France, and is convicted in absentia in 1989 of killing his girlfriend Holly Maddux in 1977; in 2001 he is extradited from Champagne-Mouton after slitting his throat to unsuccessfully commit suicide, and ends up with a life sentence, becoming known as the Unicorn Killer. The Guatemalan Nat. Rev. Unity (Union) (URNG) is formed from three major guerrilla orgs. People for the Am. Way is founded by Jewish-Am. "All in the Family", "The Jeffersons", "Maude" TV producer Norman Milton Lear (1922-) to promote liberal causes incl. separation of church and state and gay rights. Montgomery, Ala. atty. Morris Dees (1936-) founds Klanwatch, a project of the Southern Poverty Law Center. Am. Islamic College is founded in Chicago, Ill., becoming the first Muslim college in the U.S. The English pop group America plays several concerts in South Africa, pissing-off anti-apartheid activists; black artists Tina Turner and Curtis Mayfield also do it, but end up singled out for the backlash? Am. Airlines begins their AAdvantage Program for frequent fliers, causing other airlines to follow suit, followed by car rental agencies, hotels, banks, and credit card cos. Billionaire Marvin H. Davis (1925-2004) buys 20th Century Fox Film Corp for $720M, and brings in Barry Diller as studio head (ends 1985). MREs (Meals Ready to Eat) replace the canned MCI (Meal, Combat, Individual Rations) in the U.S. military. The U.S. video game industry rakes in 20B quarters this year. The $33K DeLorean DMC-12 unpainted stainless steel gullwing sports car (with a rear-mounted aluminum 2.8-liter V-6 fuel-injected 130 hp engine that goes 0-60 mph in 8 sec.) rolls off the assembly line in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland starting on Jan. 21; only 8.9K cars are made in the next three years. Actor Robert Redford founds the Sundance Inst. in Park City, Utah to foster filmmaking, going on to sponsor the Sundance Film Festival. Black journalist Ed Bradley joins the 60 Minutes team for the 1981-2 season. Am. actor Sean Penn (1960-) makes his prof. debut in the play Heartland on Broadway. Indian Hindu guru Amma the Hugging Saint (1953-) becomes popular in the West. Papanasam, Tamil Nadu, India-born Sri Sri Ravi Shankar Ratnam (1956-) (different person than sitar player Ravi Shankar) founds the Art of Living Foundation, which teaches the breathing-based Sudarshan Kriya technique, and achieves UNESCO consultative status as a NGO; in 1997 he founds the Internat. Assoc. for Human Values charity in Geneva. The Fun Gallery on 10th St. in East Village, N.Y. opens, becoming the first punk rock gallery. Tommy Boy Records (Entertainment) is founded by Dance Music Report publisher Tom Silverman on a $5K loan from his parents, going on to sign House of Pain, Information Society, De La Soul, RuPaul Andre Charles (1960-), The Medicine Men, Sneaker Pimps, Naughty by Nature, Queen Latifah (Dana Elaine Owens) (1970-) et al; in 1990 it is purchased by Warner Brothers Records. Production stops on the quarter-sized Susan B. Anthony U.S. dollar. The U.S. Peace Corps (est. 1961) is made an independent agency. Solarplant One in Calif. begins operation, generating 10MW of electricity, largest solar power station on Earth. Info. technology services co. Infosys Technologies Ltd. in Bangalore, India is founded by 5'4 avowed Communist Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy (1946-) with a 10K rupee loan from his wife, growing from six to 113.8K employees by 2010, making him a billionaire; meanwhile Wipro Corp. (Western India Products Ltd.) in Bangalore, India (founded 1947) switches from hydrogenated cooking fat and hydraulic-pneumatic cylinders to manufacturing computers and supplying info. technology services under Azim Hashim Premji (1945-), going on to amass a $17B net worth by 2010 and become known as the Indian Bill Gates. Tommy Boy Records is founded by Tom Silverman to produce hip-hop music; Warner Bros. buys it in 1990. Tinsel Town Hollywood exults as VCR sales in the U.S. rise 72% in 12 mo. Nabisco (Nat. Biscuit Co.) and Standard Brands merge to form Nabisco Brands; it is acquired in 1985 by R.J. Reynolds. The Trolli Co. begins marketing Gummi Worms candy. Nutri-Grain wheat cereal is introduced by the Kellogg Co., containing vitamins but no added sugar or preservatives. Prego Pasta Sauce (It. "prego" = I pray or you're welcome) is introduced by Campbell Soup Co., reaching $150M annual sales in 1983 and becoming the best-selling dry grocery product of the 1980s; they steal Clara Peller of Wendy's "Where's the Beef?" ad fame to say "I finally found it", pissing Wendy's off and causing them to drop her. Caracas, Venezuela-born fashion designer Carolina Herrera (Maria Carolina Josefina Pacanins y Nino) (1939-) debuts her first haute couture collection, with slightly pushed-up sleeves that Women's Wear Daily calls "Our Lady of the Sleeve". Long Island, N.Y.-born gay Jewish fashion designer Michael Kors (Karl Anderson Jr.) (1959) debuts his women's wear line, expanding into men's wear in 1990, and perfume in 2000; in 1997-2003 he becomes the first women's ready-to-wear designer for the French house Celine. Giorgio (GBH) brand perfume ($35 an oz.) is introduced in Nov. by the Giorgio Boutique in Beverly Hills, Calif. (founded in 1961) (first luxury boutique on Rodeo Drive), owned by Fred Hayman and Gale Hayman, reaching $100M annual sales; too bad, it uses double the amount of essential oils as other colognes, causing New Yorker mag. to ban its scent strips; in 1987 Avon acquires it for $165M. Soviet-Russian topologist Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko (1945-) pub. the first of several papers using astronomical calculations, statistical correlations et al. to boldly claim that conventional historial chronology is moose hockey, and offering his own New Chronology (N.C.) that starts out with Jesus Christ being born in 1153 C.E. and crucified in 1186 C.E., and claims that all of ancient history is just a reflection of events that occurred in the Middle Ages, also that the Crusades and the Trojan War were the same event, that Genghis Khan and the Mongols were really Russians, and that all of Chinese and Arab history were fabricated by 17th-18th cent. Jesuits incl. Dionysius Petavius, along with 16th cent. chronologist Joseph Justus Scaliger; according to the N.C., written history stops at 800 C.E., there is little info. up to 1000 C.E., and most known historical events took place in 1000-1500 C.E.; English history from 640-1040 C.E. and Byzantine history from 378-830 C.E. are copied from the same late-medieval source, created after the survivors of the er, 1453 capture of Constantinople by the er, Muslims fled to England and brought civilization with them, e.g. Egbert is really Justinian the Great; of course N.C. rejects archeological, dendrochonological, and paleographic dating, along with carbon dating. Paris-born gay French footwear designer Christian Louboutin (1964-) begins working for Charles Jourdan and Roger Vivier before going freelance, then launches his own house in 1991, making trademark stilettos with red-lacquered soles, making fans of Princess Caroline of Morocco, Diane von Furstenberg, Marion Cotillard, Catherine Deneuve, Christian Aguilera, Joan Collins, Madonna, Nicki Minaj, Gwyneth Paltrow, Sarah Jessica Parker, Britney Spears, Tina Turner et al., bringing stilettos back into fashion in the 1990s. My Little Pony (originally My Pretty Pony) 10" plastic pony toys are introduced, created by Bonnie Zacherle et al., receiving U.S. patent #D269986 in Aug. 1983, distributed by Hasbro, causing an animated TV series to debut in 2010, after which they sell $650M in 2013 and $1B in 2014. Architecture: On July 2 the $85M Meadowlands Arena in East Rutherford, N.J. opens as the home of the New York Nets NBA team and the New Jersey Devils (formerly the Colo. Rockies) NHL team; it closes on Apr. 3, 2015 - with Jimmy Hoffa buried in one of its concrete pillars? On July 17 4,626-ft. (1,410m) Humber Bridge in Kingston upon Hull, England opens, becoming the world's longest suspension bridge (until 1998). On Sept. 26 the 1,001-ft. (305m) Sydney Tower in Australia opens, becoming the tallest bldg. in Australia (until 2005). On Oct. 21 the $3M Cabrillo Marine Aquarium in San Pedro, Calif. opens, designed by Frank Gehry, complete with gaudy exterior grillwork. Sports: On Feb. 8 Scott Scovell Hamilton (1958-) wins the U.S. male figure skating championship. On Feb. 15 after 49 lead changes, the 1981 (23rd) Daytona 500 is won by Richard Petty (7th win), who beats Bobby Allison by 3.5 sec., with Ricky Rudd, Buddy Baker, and Dale Earnhardt Sr. close behind; new downsized cars make their debut; Petty becomes the first to win in three different decades, and first 7-time winner. On Mar. 29 the first London Marathon sees 7.5K runners start. On Apr. 9-12 the 1981 Masters Tournament in Augusta, Ga. (first with bentgrass greens instead of Bermuda and ryegrass) is won by Tom Watson (2nd win) by two strokes over Jack Nicklaus and Johnny Miller; 26-y.-o. Gregory John "Greg" Norman (1955-) of Australia (known for wearing black shirts and black hats with a shark drawing) finishes 4th in his first Masters, becoming the first of eight top-5 finishes, earning him the nickname "the Great White Shark". On Apr. 11 6'3" "Easton Assassin" Larry Holmes (1949-) defeats Trevor Berbick at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nev. by unanimous decision in round 15. On Apr. 18 the minor league Rochester Red Wings and Pawtucket Red Sox play the longest prof. baseball game in history in McCoy Stadium in Pawtucket, R.I., lasting 8 hours 25 min. and 33 innings; the last inning is played on June 23. On May 12-21, 1981 the 1981 Stanley Cup Finals see the New York Islanders (2nd Finals apperance) defeat the Minn. North Stars (first Finals appearance) 4-1; last all-U.S. Finals until 1991; MVP is 5'10" Islanders center Robert Thomas "Butch"" Goring (1949-). On May 5-14 the 1981 NBA Finals sees the Boston Celtics (coach Bill Fitch) defeat the Houston Rockets (coach Del Harris) by 4-2; MVP is Cedric Maxwell of the Celtics. On May 12-21 the 1981 Stanley Cup Finals see the New York Islanders (2nd Finals apperance) defeat the Minn. North Stars (first Finals appearance) 4-1; last all-U.S. Finals until 1991. On May 24 the 1981 (65th) Indianapolis 500 is won by Bobby Unser, with Mario Andretti coming in 2nd until the officials rule that Unser passed cars illegally on lap 149, causing Andretti to be declared the winner; on Oct. 9 after appeals are heard, Unser is reinstated, after which he retires. On June 9 the 1981 NBA Draft, broadcast on the USA Network sees 23 teams select 223 players in 10 rounds; 6'6" forward Mark Anthony Aguirre (1959-) of DePaul U. is drafted #1 overall by the Dallas Mavericks (#24) after his junior year, becoming the 2nd underclassman to be drafted #1 overall after Magic Johnson in 1979; 6'1" guard Isiah Lord Thomas III (1961-), a sophomore from Indiana U. is drafted #2 overall by the Detroit Pistons (#11), going on to be accused of freezing-out rookie Michael Jordan in the 1985 NBA All-Star Game, devising the Jordan Rules in 1988 to limit Jordan's offensive effectiveness, and walking out with his teammates with 7.9 sec. remaining in game 4 of the 1991 NBA Playoffs against Michael Jordan and the Bulls, causing Jordan to get him passed over for the 1992 Dream Team; Thomas leaves the Pistons in 1994 and becomes head coach of the Indiana Pacers in 2003, followed by the New York Knicks in 2006-8; 6'8" forward-center Charles Linwood "Buck" Williams (1960-), a junior from the U. of Md. (known for wearing goggles) is drafted #3 overall by the New Jersey Nets (#52), becoming rookie of the year and being selected to the All-Star Game in his rookie season, becoming the first time that the first three selections are college underclassmen; in 1989 after becoming the Nets' all-time leader in points, rebounds, games played, turnovers, rebounds per game, and free throws made, Williams is traded to the Portland Trail Blazers, followed in 1996-9 by the New York Knicks. On July 19 the South African 1981 Springbok Rugby Union Tour of New Zealand becomes controversial because of South African apartheid. On July 25-Aug. 3, 1981 the First (1981) World Games in Santa Clara, Calif. are held for sports not contested at the Olympic Games, with 1,265 athletes from 31 nations participating in 88 events incl. tug-of-war, racquetball, baseball, softball, roller skating, roller hockey, fin swimming, karate, women's water polo, bodybuilding, flycasting, taekwondo, and men's singles, women's singles, and mixed doubles 10-pin bowling. On Aug. 10 Philadelphia Phillies 1st baseman Peter Edward "Pete" Rose (1941-) gets his 3,361st career hit, passing Stan Musial of the NL. On Aug. 18 the first PBA Senior Tour Championship is held in Harvey (near New Orleans), La. for bowlers age 50+; William "Bill" Beach (1929-2010) of Sharon, Penn. defeats Bill Lillard 200-191. On Sept. 16 the Leonard-Hearns Showdown in Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas, Nev. sees 30-1 Ray Charles "Sugar Ray" Leonard (1956-) KO 32-0 (30 KOs) Thomas "Hitman" Hearns (1958-) in round 14, after which they split a $17M purse and fight a rematch in 1989. On Sept. 26 Lynn Nolan Ryan Jr. (1947-) of the Houston Atros pitches his record 5th career no-hitter against the Los Angeles Dodgers. In Nov. the Japan Cup is first run at Tokyo Racecourse in Fuchi, Tokyo, reaching a purse of $5.8M, making it the richest turf horserace in the world. On Nov. 28 Paul William "Bear" Bryant (1913-83) of the U. of Ala. wins his 315th game to outdistance Alonzo Stagg and become college football's winningest coach. On Dec. 11 39-y.-o. Muhammad Ali (1942-) (who already shows signs of Parkinson's disease) appears in his last pro fight in the Drama in the Bahamas at Queen Elizabeth Sports Centre in Nassau, Bahamas, which is won by Trevor Berbick (1955-2006) of Jamaica in a unanimous 10-round decision; next Mar. 22 Berbick defeats Pinklon Thomas to become heavyweight champ, then loses his title in round 2 on Nov. 22 to Mike Tyson, ending up as the victim of a homicide in 2006. Nick Bollettieri (1931-) opens the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy in Bradenton, W Fla., becoming the first major tennis boarding school, going on to incubate world champions Andre Agassi, Jim Courier, Monica Seles, and Mary Pierce; John McEnroe wins the British and U.S. Open men's single's tennis titles; Christine Marie "Chris" Evert (1954-) of the U.S. wins the women's singles title at Wimbledon for the 3rd and last time (1974, 1976), and Tracy Ann Austin (1962-) of the U.S. wins the U.S. Open women's singles title for the 2nd time (1979); too bad, a series of injuries causes her career to tank. "Nature Boy" Ric Flair (Richard Morgan Fliehr) (1949-) defeats Dusty Rhodes to win his first NWA world heavyweight wrestling championship in Kansas City, Mo. Brooklyn, N.Y.-born New Orleans Jazz gen. mgr. (since 1979) Frank Layden (1932-) (asst. coach of the Atlanta Hawks in 1976-9) becomes head coach of the Utah Jazz, replacing Tom Nissalke, going on to draft John Stockton and Karl Malone and move into the team's front office in 1989 after being replaced by former Chicago Bulls player (1966-76) and coach (1978-82) Gerald Eugene "Jerry" Sloan (1942-), who coaches the Jazz to 15 straight playoff appearances in 1989-2003, leaving in 2011 after coaching for one team longer than anyone in NBA history with a 3rd place 1,221-803 record, becoming the 5th coach to reach 1K wins, and 3rd coach to reach 1K wins with one club. The Arlington Million horserace at Arlington Park in Ill. becomes the first Thoroughbred race to offer a $1M purse. The Australian Racing Museum opens; in 2000 it opens the Australian Racing Hall of Fame. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees; Lit.: Elias Canetti (1905-94) (Bulgaria); Physics: Nicolaas Bloembergen (1920-) (U.S.), Arthur Leonard Schawlow (1921-99) (U.S.), and Kai Manne Borje (Börje) Siegbahn (1918-2007) (Sweden) [laser spectroscopy]; Chem.: Roald Hoffmann (1937-) (U.S.) and Kenichi Fukui (1918-98) (Japan) [quantum mechanics in chem. reactions]; Medicine: Roger Wolcott Sperry (1913-94) [split brain research] and David Hunter Hubel (1926-) (U.S.), and Torsten Nils Wiesel (1924-) (Sweden) [brain org.]; Economics: James Tobin (1918-2002) (U.S.) [financial markets]. Inventions: On Mar. 19 five technicians are asphyxiated during a routine ground test on Space Shuttle Columbia, killing two. On June 18 the $111M single-seat twin-engine USAF Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk stealth attack aicraft makes its first flight, becoming the first operational stealth aircraft; it is kept secret until 1988; only 64 are built by 2015. On July 9 Nintendo releases Donkey Kong (originally Jumpman), featuring Mario the Plumber, designed by Shigeru Miyamoto (1952-), which causes a video game rev.; on July 14, 1983 Ninetendo releases Mario Bros., featuring Mario and Luigi, who have to fight creatures coming out of the sewers by flipping them on their backs and kicking them away. On Aug. 12 IBM unveils the IBM Personal Computer (PC), grabbing 75% of the market; it sells for $5K, has a 4.77MHz Intel 8080 CPU with 330KIPS throughput, 16KB-256KB of RAM, two 160KB floppy drives, and a B&W text mode monitor; the IBM development team is led by Lewis Clark Eggebrecht (1944-). On Sept. 26 the $180M twin-engine long-range widebody Boeing 767 makes its first flight, becoming the first widebody twinjet to reach 1K units delivered. On Nov. 16 the U.S. FDA approves a vaccine for hepatitis B made from human blood by the Merk Inst. in Philly; the genetic code for the hepatitis B surface antigen is found; in 1986 the first genetically-engineered Hepatitis B Vaccine gains FDA approval. On Nov. 18 COMDEX Fall 1981 in Las Vegas, Nev. introduces the IBM PC, with Scientific Solutions introducing the first add-in cards. On Dec. 19 the supersonic variable-sweep wing Tupolev Tu-160 White Swan (Beliy Lebed) (Blackjack) heavy strategic bomber makes its first flight, becoming the world's largest combat aircraft, the world's largest supersonic aircraft, and the world's largest variable-sweep aircraft, also the last strategic bomber designed for the Soviet Union, with 19 stationed inside Ukraine when it becomes independent in Aug. 1991; too bad, they sell half of them back to Russia by 2001; 35 are built by 2008. In Dec. the 2K22 Tunguska tracked self-propelled surface anti-aircraft weapon (SAAW) is tested, going into operation on Sept. 8, 1982, becoming popular in India. Alprazolam (Xanax) is introduced by Upjohn to treat anxiety disorders, becoming a blockbuster drug in the U.S. Hewlett-Packard introduces the HP 12C programmable calculator, becoming popular with MBAs. San Francisco, Calif.-born David Cope (1941-) creates Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI), a computer music-composing program that emulates the style of great composers to tin ears. Adam Heller (1933-), Barry Miller (1933-), and Ferdinand A. Thiel of the U.S. invent a Liquid Junction Cell that converts 11.5% of solar energy to electricity. Bangkok-born U.S. engineer Adam Osborne (1939-2003) introduces in Apr. the Osborne I, the first commercially successful portable PC, weighing 23.5 lb. and priced at $1,795, hosting the CP/M 2.2 operating system along with word processing and spreadsheet software; too bad, after preannouncing two advanced versions, causing customers to quit buying the model he has on the market, he goes bankrupt on Sept. 13, 1983, causing the term "Osborne Effect" to be coined. Smith Corona (founded 1886) introduces its first word processor, with a tiny screen and a small memory that only holds a few lines of text; despite being priced way below a desktop PC, it is a dud and the co. goes bankrupt in 1995. Xerox releases the $16K Xerox Star 8010, becoming the first consumer GUI (graphical user interface) computer, using icons and a mouse; it flops. Luxor AB introduces the Luxor ABC 800 computer for office use, with a 3.58 MHz Z80 CPU, a CRT with 8-color 80x24 text mode capability, two 5.25 in.floppy disk units, and a built-in BASIC interpreter. The Sony Mavica electronic still camera records images on a mini-disc that can be connected to a TV monitor or color printer, becoming the first consumer quasi-digital camera. The Frogger video game is introduced. Soviet researchers produce single-crystal diamond films on existing diamonds, along with multiple-crystal diamonds on metal. The 3M Co. invents a method for creating optical disks that can be written on by lasers with a material that melts at 150C (302F) sans chemical changes. The first official Paintball game is played - urban cowboys in America? The U.S. govt. awards the prototype contract for the $65K-$140K 5K-6K lb. High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (Humvee) to AM General, which produces 240K in 1985. Science: On Feb. 15 Britta Haenisch et al. of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Bonn pub. an article in JAMA Neurology announcing that people age 75+ who regularly take proton pump inhibitors (Prilosec, Nexium, Prevacid) have a 44% increased risk of dementia. On June 9 the U.S. FDA approves a new rabies vaccine requiring only five shots in the arm instead of the usual 23 in the abdomen. On Sept. 22-24 the Nat. Insts. of Health hold a conference on the increasing prevalence of cesarean sections, blaming advances in medical technology combined with malpractice suits and changing attitudes. On Oct. 30 the New England Journal of Medicine confirms that some obese persons are more fuel-efficient, gaining more body weight per calorie. Beecham Co. of Britain introduces Augmentin, a broad spectrum antibiotic. The anti-ulcer stomach acid inhibitor drug Zantac (Ranitidine) is introduced by Glaxo Pharmaceuticals of Britain, competing with SmithKline's Tagamet approved by the FDA in 1977, claiming fewer side effects and becoming the world's largest-selling prescription drug by 1986; too bad, on Sept. 2019 the FDA finds it to be a probable human carcinogen, ordering its recall. The genes for poliomyelitis and influenza A virus are sequenced. Scientists at Ohio U. in Athens become the first to transfer genes from one animal species to another, transferring the gene for rat growth hormone to mice embryos, causing some to grow to double size. Elizabeth Helen Blackburn (1948-), Jack William Szostak (1952-), and Carolyn Widney "Carol" Greider (1961-) of the U.S. begin research on DNA; in 1982 Blackburn and Szostak discover Telomeres; 1984 Greider and Blackburn discover their role in aging and the role of the enzyme telomerase in protecting them from progressive shortening, winning them the 2009 Nobel Med. Prize. English scientist Sir Martin John Evans (1941-) discovers how to culture embronic stem cells, becoming the father of stem cell research. Alexander H. Harcourt et al. relate monogamy, polygny, and promiscuity in primate species to avg. body weight and testes weight, with large testes compared to body size correlating with promiscuity. English physicist Frederick Duncan Michael Haldane (1951-) predicts that at low temp electrons will split into two new types of particle called Spinons and Holons; verified in 2009 by physicists from Cambridge U. and the U. of Birmingham inside a quantum wire; Haldane shares the 2016 Nobel Physics Prize. Vienna-born Eric Richard Kandel (1929-) et al. of Columbia U. discover the role of serotinin as a neurotransmitter, and how protein kinase (PKA) acts in the biochemical pathway in response to elevated levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), giving them a clue as to how short-term memories are converted into long-term memories. Am. astronomers Robert P. Kirshner (1949-) of Harvard U., Augustus Oemler Jr. of Yale U., and Paul L. Schechter and Stephen A. Schectman of Mount Wilson and Las Campanas Observatories discover the spherical giant Bootes (Boötes) (Great) Void of 330M l.y. diam. in the constellation Bootes. German physicist Klaus von Klitzing (1943-) discovers the Integer Quantum Hall Effect, allowing the internat. value of the ohm to be defined, winning the 1985 Nobel Physics Prize. Romanian-born Jewish Princeton U. physicist Mordehai Milgrom (1946-) proposes Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) to elminate the need for dark matter. German geneticist Christiane Nusslein-Volhard (Nüsslein-Volhard) (1942-) and Am. biologist Eric F. Weischaus (1947-) identify genes in the fruit fly Drosophila that serve as markers for body shape and organ arrangement, winning them the 1995 Nobel Med. Prize along with Am. geneticist Edward B. Lewis (1918-2004). Am. surgeons Norman Edward Shumway (1923-2006) and Bruce A. Reitz (1944-) of Stanford U. perform the first Heart-Lung Transplant. Charles Gald Sibley (1917-98) and Jon Edward Ahlquist (1944-) of Yale U. use DNA to revise the evolutionary relationships between flightless birds incl. the ostrich and emu. Hungarian-born George Streisinger (1927-84) et al. of the U. of Ore. produce a cloned zebra fish. Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq (1934-98) et al. propose the Human Development Index (HDI), combining life expectancy at birth, adult literacy rate, and standard of living to obtain a number from 0-1. A 3rd moon of Neptune is discovered (1st Triton, 2nd Nereid). The first foot and mouth disease vaccine is developed. The first vaccination of chicks through the eggshell for Marek's Disease is performed. The CLIMAP project uses fossil plankton species to estimate ocean temps during the last Ice Age, finding that the equators remained warm. The Vatican Observatory Research Group is founded in Tucson, Ariz. to collect astronomical data and send it to the Vatican Observatory in Castel Gandolfo, Italy (founded 1891), where the skies around Rome are too bright for good observation - we'll prove the Earth is the center of the Solar System yet? Nonfiction: Jack Henry Abbott (1944-2002), In the Belly of the Beast (autobio.); his life in prison; written after Norman Mailer meets him while writing "The Executioner's Song" and talks him into it, after which he is paroled, soon kills a man, and is sent back to prison, later committing suicide. Francesco Alberoni (1929-), The Reasons for Good and Evil. Fouad A. Ajami (1945-), The Arab Predicament. Jane Alpert (1947-), Growing Up Underground (autobio.); Weather Underground Org. member tells all. Maya Angelou (1928-), The Heart of a Woman (autobio.). Philippe Aries (1914-84), The Hour of Our Death; the concept of death evolves in the Middle Ages from a wild beast into "tame death" (transition into immortality), then into "invisible death" in modern secular times. Simone de Beauvoir (1908-86), Adieux: A Farewell to Sartre (autobio.); by his babe, "the couple of the 20th cent." Gary S. Becker (1930-), A Treatise on the Family; 2nd ed. 1991. Peter Ludwig Berger (1929-), The Other Side of God: A Polarity in World Religions. Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), Doomsday 1999 A.D. (Mar.); Project Noah. Sir Rudolf Bing (1902-97), A Knight at the Opera (autobio.); his time as mgr. of the Metropolitan Opera Co. Leonardo Boff (1938-), Church, Charisma and Power: Liberation Theology and the Institutional Church (Dec.). Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), Evolutionary Economics. John Malcolm Brinning, The Sway of the Grand Saloon: A Social History of the North Atlantic; his sixty-plus crossings of the Atlantic in luxury liners. David S. Broder, Changing of the Guard: Power and Leadership in America. Fawn McKay Brodie (1915-81), Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character (Oct.) (posth.); panned by critics for anti-Nixon bias; used by Oliver Stone for his 1995 film "Nixon". Anthony Cave Brown (1929-2006), On a Field of Red: The Communist International and the Coming of World War II. Harry Browne (1933-2006) and Terry Coxon, Inflation-Proofing Your Investments. Robert Vance Bruce (1923-2008), Lincoln and the Riddle of Death. Wilfred Graham Burchett (1911-83), At the Barricades (autobio.); repub. in 2005 as "Memoirs of a Rebel Journalist". Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945), Symbol, Myth, and Culture: Essays and Lectures of Ernst Cassirer, 1935-45 (posth.); ed. Donald Phillip Verene. Neil Chayet (1939-), Looking at the Law. Margaret Cheney, Tesla, Man Out of Time; claims he invented radio, not Marconi. Jock Colville (1915-87), The Churchillians; by Winston Churchill's longtime private secy. Jonathan Culler (1944-), The Pursuit of Signs. John Darwin (1948-), Britain, Egypt, and the Middle East: Imperial Policy in the Aftermath of War, 1918-1922 (May) (first book). Daniel Dennett (1942-), Brainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology. Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), Towards the Next Economics and Other Essays. Rene Dubos (1901-82), Celebrations of Life. Andrea Dworkin (1946-) and Catharine A. MacKinnon (1946-), Pornography and Civil Rights: A New Day for Women's Equality; defines porno as sexual subordination of women in images and writings. Rowland Evans Jr. (1921-2001) and Robert D. Novak (1931-2009), The Reagan Revolution: An Inside Look atthe Transformation of the U.S. Government; claims Reagan will reverse the New Deal. Robert Finch (1943-), Common Ground: A Naturalist's Cape Cod. Antony Flew (1923-), The Politics of Procrustes: Contradictions of Enforced Equality. Jane Fonda (1937-), Jane Fonda's Workout Book; spawns a series of video that become the #1 seller of the decade. Marilyn French (1929-2009), Shakespeare's Division of Experience; claims that Shakespeare flopped from admiring the masculine over the feminine principle in his later plays. Betty Friedan (1921-2006), The Second Stage; becomes the bible of the postfeminist era; the feminist mystique of the superwoman with a career, marriage, and children; disses radical feminists for their anti-male anti-family orientation. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), R. Buckminster Fuller Sketchbook; Critical Path; his master work? Francois Furet (1927-97), Interpreting the French Revolution; calls Communism and Fascism "totalitarian twins", stressing the similarity of France in the 1790s and 1960s, claiming that there was an egalitarian rev. in 1789, followed by an authoritarian coup in 1799, with the egalitarian rev. resurrected in the July 1830 Rev., the 1848 Rev., and the 1871 Paris Commune, going on to ditch the Annales School, becoming a disciple of Alexis de Tocqueville and emphasizing intellectual history. Felix Gilbert (1905-91), The Pope, His Banker, and Venice. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Russian History Atlas. George F. Gilder (1939-), Wealth and Poverty; internat. bestseller extolling the virtues of supply-side economics, becoming a favorite of Ronald Reagan. Mark Girouard (1931-), Alfred Waterhouse and the Natural History Museum; The Return to Camelot: Chivalry and the English Gentleman. Albert Goldman (1927-94), Elvis; calls Elvis' parents "the original Beverly Hillbillies", and claims Elvis is a plagiarist who bordered on insane. Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002), The Mismeasure of Man; critique of biological determinism, the belief that "the social and economic differences between human groups - primarily races, classes, and sexes - arise from inherited, inborn distinctions and that society, in this sense, is an accurate reflection of biology"; also disses the belief that "worth can be assigned to individuals and groups by measuring intelligence as a single quantity", along with IQ and g scores as moose hockey; generates a firestorm of controversy, making him a star; the 1996 2nd ed. takes on Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's "The Bell Curve". Billy Graham (1918-), Till Armageddon; claims it might be coming in the 1980s. Stanislav Grof (1931-) and Christina Grof, Beyond Death: The Gates of Consciousness. Peter Gzowski (1934-2002), The Game of Our Lives; his travels with the Edmonton Oilers in 1908-1. David Halberstam (1934-2007), The Breaks of the Game; Bill Walton and the 1979-80 Portland Trail Blazers. Michael Harrington (1928-89), Decade of Decision: The Crisis of the American System (Apr.); The Next America: The Decline and Rise of the United States; why the U.S. must ditch new conservatism and go more left than the New Deal. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), Selected Letters, 1917-1961 (posth.) (Aug.); ed. by Carlos Baker. James Herriot (1916-95), Lord God Made Them All. Charles Higham (1931-2012), Bette: The Life of Bette Davis. Shere Hite (1942-), The Hite Report on Men and Male Sexuality. John Hollander (1929-), The Figure of Echo: A Mode of Illusion in Milton and After; Rhyme's Reason: A Guide to English Verse. Bell Hooks (bell hooks) (Gloria Jean Watkins) (1952-), Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. L. Ron Hubbard (1911-86), The Way to Happiness; 21 happy and expensive precepts. Robert Hughes (1938-), The Shock of the New: The Hundred-Year History of Modern Art: Its Rise, Its Dazzling Achievement, Its Fall; based on his 1980 BBC TV series; revised in 1991. Samuel Phillips Huntington (1927-2008), American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony. Clifford Irving (1930-), The Hoax; Tom Mix and Pancho Villa. Naomi James (1949-), At Sea on Land (autobio.); woman who sailed solo around the world in 1978. Leon Jaworski (1905-82), Crossroads (autobio.). Donald C. Johanson (1943-) and Maitland A. Edey (1910-92), Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind; Johanson's 1974 discovery in Ethiopia. Kitty Kelley (1942-), His Way: An Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra; bestseller discussing Frank Sinatra's links to the mob, causing him to sue her for $2M to stop pub.; after he drops his lawsuit, it causes her book to become more popular? Daniel Keyes (1927-), The Minds of Billy Milligan; William Stanley Milligan (1955-), the first person diagnosed with multiple personality disorders to use it as a criminal defense. Tracy Kidder (1945-), The Soul of a New Machine; the 32-bit Data Gen. Eclipse/MV minicomputer, who built it in one year using clueless overworked college grads. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), Kaleidoscope (essays). Jonathan Kozol (1936-), On Being a Teacher. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross (1926-2004), Living with Death and Dying. Fran Lebowitz (1950-), Metropolitan Life and Social Studies (essays). Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009), The Naked Man; vol. 4 of "Mythologiques". David Levering Lewis, When Harlem Was in Vogue: The Politics of the Arts in the Twenties and Thirties. David Lifton, Best Evidence; bestseller about the autopsy of JFK, claiming that his body was delivered to the Bethesda Naval Hospital morgue twice. Phillip Lopate (1943-), Bachelorhood: Tales of the Metropolis (autobio.). Audre Lorde (1934-92), Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power. Eric Henry Monkkonen (1942-2005), Police in Urban America: 1860-1920; documents their rapid rise in the 19th cent. and how they started out administering welfare services before getting serious and badass. Judith Martin, Miss Manners' Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior. Judy Mazel (1943-2007), The Beverly Hills Diet; bestseller, starting a craze, claiming that carbohydrates shouldn't be eaten in the same meal, and banning fruit after the first 10 days; fans incl. Maria Shriver, Linda Gray, Sally Kellerman, and Engelbert Humperdinck. James D. McCawley (1938-99), Everything that Linguists Have Always Wanted to Know About Logic (But Were Ashamed to Ask); his generative semantics vs. Noam Chomsky's generative grammar. David McCullough (1933-), Mornings on Horseback: The Story of an Extraordinary Family, a Vanished Way of Life, and the Unique Child Who Became Theodore Roosevelt; bio. of Teddy Roosevelt from ages 10-28. William S. McFeely (1930-), Grant: A Biography (Pulitzer Prize); he "did not rise above limited talents or inspire others to do so in ways that make his administration a credit to American politics." John McPhee (1931-), Basin and Range; first in a 5-vol. series on Deep Time, the story of the rocks; pub. in a combined vol. in 1999. Alice Miller (1923-2010), Thou Shalt Not Be Aware. William Ormond Mitchell (1914-98), How I Spent My Summer Holidays. Jurgen Moltmann (1926-), The Trinity and the Kingdom: The Doctrine of God; the Biblical prophets and their relevancy to modern life. Sheridan Morley (1941-2007), Gertrude Lawrence: A Bright Particular Star. Wright Morris, Will's Boy (autobio.). Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), Like It Was: The Diaries of Malcolm Muggeridge. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Lectures on Russian Literature; incl. "The Art of Translation". V.S. Naipaul (1932-2018), Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey; travels through post-rev. Iran and concludes that the Islamic world can't be reconciled to the West; "In the fundamentalist scheme the world constantly decays and has constantly to be re-created. The only function of intellect is to assist that re-creation. It reinterprets the texts; it re-establishes divine precedent... The doctrine has its attractions. To a student from the University of Karachi, from perhaps a provincial or peasant background, the old faith comes more easily than any new-fangled academic discipline. So fundamentalism takes root in the universities, and to deny education can become the approved educated act. In the days of Muslim glory Islam opened itself to the learning of the world. Now fundamentalism provides an intellectual thermostat, set low. It equalizes, comforts, shelters, and preserves." Peter Charles Newman (1929-), The Acquisitors. David Niven (1910-83), Go Slowly, Come Back Quickly (autobio.) (Oct.). John Julius Norwich (1929-), A History of Venice; from the 5th cent. to 1797. Robert Nozick (1938-2002), Philosophical Explanations. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Contraries (essays). John Osborne (1929-94), A Better Class of Person (autobio.); followed by "Almost a Gentleman" (1991). S.J. Perelman (1904-79), The Last Laugh (autobio.) (posth.). Robert Pierpoint (1925-2011), At the White House (autobio.). Daniel Pipes (1949-), Slave Soldiers and Islam: The Genesis of a Military System (first book); Mawlas: Freed Slaves and Converts in Early Islam. Sidney Poitier (1927-), This Life (autobio.) (Mar. 12). Richard Allen Posner (1939-), The Economics of Justice; claims that the logic of the law in many ways appears to be an economic one, with judges interpreting the common law as if they are trying to maximize economic welfare. Wolfgang Puck (1949-), Modern French Cooking for the American Kitchen (first book); makes him a celeb, helping him open the Spago Restaurant on Sunset Strip in Los Angeles, Calif. in 1982, followed in 1997 by another in Beverly Hills. Merlo John Pusey (1902-85), Builders of the Kingdom: George A. Smith, John Henry Smith, George Albert Smith. Carroll Quigley (1910-77), The Anglo-American Establishment: From Rhodes to Cliveden (posth.). Michael S. Radu (1947-2009), Eastern Europe and the Third World: East vs. South. Robert V. Remini (1921-), Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Freedom; vol. 2 of 3 (1977, 1981). M.C. Ricklefs, A History of Modern Indonesia. Barry Rubin (1950-2014), The Arab States and the Palestinian Conflict. William Ryan (1923-), Equality; "How our adherence to the doctrine of individual achievement denies us access to a genuine fair share of the social pie" (Boston Sunday Globe). Edward Wadie Said (1935-2003), Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World; claims Westerners have stereotyped Islam as being bad, when it's really very, very good; revised ed. pub. in 1997. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), Journey to Portugal (Viagem a Portugal). Theodore W. Schultz (1902-98),Investing in People: The Economics of Population Quality; founds Demographic (Population) Economics. Frithjof Schuon (1907-98), Esoterism as Principle and as Way. Amartya Sen (1933-), Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation; argues that the root cause of famine is inequalities in the food distribution system; helps him win the 1998 Nobel Econ. Prize. Rupert Sheldrake (1942-), A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Formative Causation (Morphic Resonance); 2nd ed. 1985, 3rd ed. 2009; coins the term "Morphic Field", proposing that biological and other phenomena became more probable the more often they occur, hence newly-acquired behaviors are subject to inheritance. Robert J. Shiller (1946-), Do Stock Prices Move Too Much to Be Justified by Subsequent Changes in Dividends? (Feb.); shocks the economics community by challenging the Efficient Market Hypothesis (1965) by arguing that in a rational stock market investors will base stock prices on the expected receipt of future dividends, discounted to a present value. Richard Simmons (1948-), Never-Say-Diet Book. Julian Lincoln Simon (1932-98), The Ultimate Resource; challenges the Malthusians, arguing that as intelligent beings, humans are capable of innovating their way out of shortages, which proves true (until ?); rev. ed. pub. in 1996 under title "The Ultimate Resource 2"; on Sept. 29, 1980 he makes the Simon-Ehrlich Wager with biologist Paul Ehrlich, betting that the prices of five metals would decrease over a decade; on Sept. 29, 1990 (payoff date) Ehrlich loses after all five commodities decline in price. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), Lost in America (autobio.) (June). Peter Singer (1946-), The Expanding Circle: Ethics and Sociobiology (Feb.); starts with Edward O. Wilson and ends with Edmund Burke? Quentin Skinner (1940-), Machiavelli. Willard Cleon Skousen (1913-2006), The 5000 Year Leap: A Miracle That Changed the World; bestseller about the 28 Principles of Freedom of the U.S. Founding Fathers, and how the U.S. has been drifting away from them in the Commie direction; 20 years later add the Muslim direction. C.P. Snow (1905-80), The Physicists (posth.) (Sept.). Robert Sobel (1931-99), IBM: Colossus in Transition. Robert Solomon (1942-), Love: Emotion, Myth and Metaphor. Thomas Sowell (1930-), Ethnic America: A history. Jonathan D. Spence (1936-), The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution. Study Commission on United States Policy Toward Southern Africa, South Africa: Time Running Out. William Irwin Thompson (1938-), The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture. Jacobo Timerman (1923-99), Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number; the Argentine journalist disappeared in 1976 and released in late 1979 sans citizenship. Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975), The Greeks and Their Heritages (posth.) (Nov.). Philip Toynbee (1916-81), An Autobiographical Journal, 1977-81 (2 vols.) (1981-2); "Party of a Journey"; "End of a Journey". Sir George Tevelyan (1906-96), Operation Redemption. Diana Trilling (1905-96), Mrs. Harris: The Death of the Scarsdale Diet Doctor; Scarsdale Diet murderer and prep school headmistress Jean Harris (1923-). Barbara W. Tuchman (1912-89), Practicing History: Selected Essays. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Palm Sunday: An Autobiographical Collage. Patrick White (1912-90), Flaws in the Glass (autobio.). Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), Culture; Contact: Human Communication and Its History. T. Harry Williams (1909-79), The History of American Wars: From Colonial Times to World War I (June 12) (posth.). Garry Wills (1934-), Explaining America: The Federalist. E.O. Wilson (1929-2021), Genes, Mind and Culture: The Coevolutionary Process. Shelley Winters (1920-2006), Shelley, Also Known as Shirley (autobio.); tell-all with juicy stories of Hollyweird, incl. lovers Errol Flynn, Burt Lancaster, Marlon Brando, Sean Connery, Clark Gable, and William Holden. Fred Alan Wolf (1934-), Taking the Quantum Leap: The New Physics for Nonscientists. Tom Wolfe (1930-2018), From Bauhaus to Our House (essays); disses German functionalist architecture and praises indigenous Am. architecture. C. Vann Woodward (1908-99) (ed.), Mary Chestnut's Civil War (Pulitzer Prize); a Southern aristocrat watches the Confederacy go down. Art: Romare Bearden (1911-88), Artist with Painting and Model (collage). Donald Judd (1928-94), Untitled (plywood sculpture). Edward Kienholz (1927-94) and Nancy Reddin Kienholz (1943-), In the Infield Was Patty Peccavi (installation art). Bernard "Hap" Kliban (1935-90), Catcalendar Cats: The Complete Collection. Lee Krasner (1908-84), Twelve Hour Crossing, March Twenty-First (collage). Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Las Scillabas de Scylla; El Espejo de Cronos; El Verbo America; Geomagnetica de Danza (1981-2). Joan Miro (1893-1983), The Sun, the Moon and One Star (Miro's Chicago); 12m tall outdoor sculpture situated in Chicago's Loop area across the street from the Chicago Picasso. Robert Motherwell (1915-91), Stephen's Iron Crown; 88"x120". Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007), Brush's Shadow; Heart and Mind; Just in Time. Bruce Nauman (1941-), Human Companionship, Human Drain. Alice Neel (1900-84), Mayor Koch. Philip Pearlstein (1924-), Two Models in Bamboo Chairs. Judy Pfaff, Dragon (sculpture). Bridget Riley (1931-), Apres-Midi. Robert Ryman (1930-), Paramount. Richard Serra (1939-), Tilted Arc (12-ft.-high 120-ft.-long rusting steel sculpture); installed in Federal Plaza, New York City on a $175K commission, causing public scorn. Music: 10cc, Ten Out of 10 (album #8) (Nov. 27). ABBA, The Visitors (album #8) (last studio album) (Nov. 30); first album manufactured in CD; incl. The Visitors. AC/DC, For Those About to Rock (We Salute You) (album #8) (Nov. 23) (4M copies in the U.S.); first (only) #1 album in the U.S.; incl. For Those About to Rock (We Salute You), Put the Finger on You, Let's Get It Up, Inject the Venom; drummer Phil Rudd leaves from 1983-94. Bryan Adams (1959-), You Want It You Got It (album #2) (July 21); incl. Lonely Nights, Fits Ya Good. Allman Brothers Band, Brothers of the Road (album #9) (Aug.); only album sans drummer Jai Johanny Johanson; incl. Straight from the Heart (last top-40 hit). Adam and the Ants, Prince Charming (album #3) (last album) (Nov.); incl. Prince Charming (#1 in the U.K.), Stand and Deliver (#1 in the U.K.), Ant Rap (#10 in the U.K.). Patti Austin (1951-), Every Home Should Have One (album) (Sept.); incl. Baby, Come to Me (w/James Ingram), Do You Love Me? The Spandau Ballet, Journeys to Glory (album) (debut) (Mar. 6); "Rudolf Hess, all alone, dancing the Spandau Ballet"; founded in 1976; originally The Makers, and The Cut; incl. Tony Hadley (1960-) (vocals), Gary Kemp (guitar), Martin Kemp (bass), Steve Norman (guitar), and John Keeble (drums); incl. To Cut a Long Story Short, Musclebound, and Toys. Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) and the Banshees, Juju (album #4) (June 6); first with guitarist John Alexander McGeoch (1955-2004); incl. Spellbound, Arabian Knights. Bauhaus, Mask (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Mask, The Passion of Lovers, The Man With the X-Ray Eyes, Kick in the Eye. The (English) Beat, Wha'ppen? (album #2) (June). George Benson (1943-), The George Benson Collection (album); incl. Turn Your Love Around. Moody Blues, Long Distance Voyager (album #10) (May 15); first with Yes keyboardist Patrick Philippe Moraz (1948-); incl. Gemini Dream, The Voice, Talking Out of Turn. David Bowie (1947-2016), Christiane F. Soundtrack (Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo) (album) (Apr.); incl. Look Back in Anger, Station to Station, TVC 15. David Bowie (1947-2016) and Queen, Under Pressure; used as the bass line for Vanilla Ice's "Ice Ice Baby" (1990). Elkie Brooks (1945-), Pearls (album #5) (Nov.) (#2 in the U.K.); best-selling album by a U.K. female artist so far. Lindsey Buckingham (1949-), Law and Order (album) (Oct.); incl. Trouble. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Coconut Telegraph (album #11) (Feb.); incl. Coconut Telegraph. Echo and the Bunnymen, Heaven Up Here (album #2) (May 30) (#184 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.); incl. A Promise, Over the Wall. The Carpenters, Made in America (album #9) (June 16) (#52 in the U.S., #12 in the U.K.) (last with Karen Carpenter); incl. Strength of a Woman, I Believe You, Touch Me When We're Dancing. Kim Carnes (1945-), Mistaken Identity (album #6) (Apr.); incl. Bette Davis Eyes (#1 in the U.S.) (written in 1974 by Donna Weiss and Jackie De Shannon) (biggest hit of 1981, and #2 hit of the 1980s after Olivia Newton-John's "Physical"), Mistaken Identity, Draw of the Cards. The Cars, Shake It Up (album #4) (Nov. 6); incl. Shake It Up, Since You're Gone, I'm Not the One. Stray Cats, Stray Cats (album) (debut); from Massapequa, Long Island, N.Y., incl. blonde Paul McCartney lookalike Brian Setzer (1959-) (vocals), Lee Rocker (1961-) (bass), and Slim Jim Phantom (James McDonnell) (drums) (1961-); incl. Stray Cat Strut (#11 in the U.K.), Rock This Town (#9 in the U.K.), Runaway Boys (#9 in the U.K.); Gonna Ball (album #2). Peter Cetera (1944-), Peter Cetera (album) (solo debut) (Dec.); incl. Livin' in the Limelight. Soft Cell, Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret (album) (debut) (Dec.) (#1 in the U.K.); two gay buds from England, incl. Peter Mark "Marc" Almond (1957-) (vocals) and David James "Dave" Ball (1959-) (synthesizer); incl. Tainted Love (#1 in 17 countries) (cover of the 1964 Gloria Jones song written by Bruce Belland of the Four Preps), Where Did Our Love Go, Sex Dwarf, Bedsitter, Say Hello, Wave Goodbye; Non-Stop Ecstatic Dancing (album #2); incl. What? (by Judy Street) Harry Chapin (1942-81), Sequel (album #9); incl. Sequel. Chic, Take It Off (album #5) (Nov. 16); incl. Stage Fright. Chicago, Greatest Hits, Vol. II (album) (Nov.). Chilliwack, Wanna Be a Star (album #9); incl. My Girl (Gone, Gone, Gone), I Believe; from Vancouver, incl. Bill Henderson (1944-), Brian "Too Loud" MacLeod (1952-). Climax Blues Band, I Love You (#12 in the U.S.). Phil Collins (1951-), Face Value (album) (Feb. 9); first solo album, about his split with his cheating wife; incl. In the Air Tonight. Alice Cooper (1948-), Special Forces (album #13); incl. Clones (We're All). Elvis Costello (1954-) and the Attractions, Trust (album #5) (Jan.); incl. New Lace Sleeves; Almost Blue (Oct. 23). The Cramps, Psychedelic Jungle! (album #2) (May); incl. The Crusher. King Crimson, Discipline (album #9) (Sept. 22); first since 1974; incl. Frank Zappa (1940-93), Adrian Belew, and Tony Levin; incl. Elephant Talk, Matte Kudasai (Jap. "please wait"), Thela Hung Ginjeet (Heat in the Jungle), The Sheltering Sky. Christopher Cross (1951-), Arthur's Theme (Best You Can Do) (#1 in the U.S.); from the 1981 film "Arthur"; wins best original song Oscar. Motley Crue (Mötley Crüe), Too Fast for Love (album) (debut) (Nov.) (#77 in the U.S.); from Los Angeles, Calif. incl. Vince Neil (Vincent Neil Wharton) (1961-) (vocals), Nikki Sixx (Frank Carlton Serafino Feranna Jr.) (1958-) (guitar), Mick Mars (Robert Alan Deal) (1951-) (guitar), and Tommy Lee (Thomas Lee Bass) (1962-) (drums); incl. Live Wire. Blue Oyster Cult, Fire of Unknown Origin (album #9) (June); incl. Burnin' For You (#40 in the U.S.), Joan Crawford, Veteran of the Psychic Wars. The Cure, Faith (album #3) (Apr. 10); incl. Faith, Primary, The Holy Hour, The Drowning Man. Mac Davis (1942-), Texas in My Rearview Mirror (album); incl. Texas in My Rearview Mirror, Hooked On Music. Paul Davis (1948-2008), Cool Night (album #7) (last album) (#52 in the U.S.); incl. Cool Night (#11 in the U.S.), 65 Love Affair (#39 in the U.S.), Love or Let Me Be Lonely (by The Friends of Distinction). The Grateful Dead, Reckoning (double album) (Apr. 1); Dead Set (album) (Aug.). John Denver (1943-97), Some Days Are Diamonds (album) (June); incl. Some Days Are Diamonds. Jimmy Destri (1954-), Heart on a Wall (album) (solo debut); incl. Living in Your Heart. Devo, New Traditionalists (album #4) (Aug.); incl. Beautiful World. Donovan (1946-), Love Is Only Feeling (album #16) (Oct.); incl. Marjorie Margerine. Duran Duran, Duran Duran (album) (debut) (June 15) (#3 in the U.K., #10 in the U.S.); from Birmingham, England, incl. Nick Rhodes (Nicholas James Bates) (1962-), Nigel John Taylor (1960-) (bass), Stephen Anthony James Duffy (1960-) (vocals), Roger Andrew Taylor (1960-) (drums), Andy Taylor (1961-), Simon John Charles Le Bon (1958-) (lead vocals); incl. Girls on Film (leading edge video makes them superstars in the U.S.), Planet Earth, Careless Memories. Ian Dury (1942-2000) and the Blockheads, Spasticus Autisticus; satire of the Internat. Year of Disabled Persons. Bob Dylan (1941-), Shot of Love (album #21) (Aug. 12); incl. Shot of Love, Watered-Down Love, Lenny Bruce. ELO, Time (album) (Aug.); incl. Hold on Tight, Twilight, The Way Life's Meant to Be, Ticket to the Moon. Split Enz, Waiata (album #6) (Apr.); they break up in 1984. Eurythmics, In the Garden (album) (debut) (Oct. 16); from England, originally the Tourists; from England, incl. Annie Lennox (1954-) and David Allan "Dave" Stewart (1952-); incl. Belinda, Never Gonna Cry Again. Marianne Faithfull (1946-), Dangerous Acquaintances (album) (Sept.); incl. Strange One. Earth, Wind, and Fire, Raise! (album #11) (Nov. 14) (#5 in the U.S., #11 in the U.K.); incl. Let's Groove (#3 in the U.S.), Wanna Be With You (#51 in the U.S.). Bucks Fizz, Making Your Mind Up; wins the Eurovision Song Contest on Apr. 4. Carlisle Floyd (1926-), Willie Stark (opera) (Houston Grand Opera) (Apr. 24); based on the 1946 Robert Penn Warren novel "All the King's Men". Dan Fogelberg (1951-2007), The Innocent Age (album); incl. The Innocent Age, Leader of the Band, Same Auld Lang Syne. Foghat, Girls to Chat and Boys to Bounce (album #10) (July); first with Erik Cartwright (1950-). The Fools, Heavy Metal (album #2). Gang of Four, Solid Gold (album #2) (Mar.); incl. What We All Want, Outside the Trains Don't Run on Time, He'd Send in the Army. Peter Frampton (1950-), Breaking All the Rules (album #7) (May 14); incl. Friday On My Mind. Funkadelic, The Electric Spanking of War Babies (album #12) (last album) (Apr.); incl. The Electric Spanking of War Babies. Psychedelic Furs, Talk Talk Talk (album); incl. Mr. Jones, Pretty in Pink (inspires the 1986 Molly Ringwald film), I Wanna Sleep With You. Gandalf (1952-), Journey to an Imaginary Land (album) (debut) (Mar. 17); incl. March Against the Endless Plain, Departure. Kool and the Gang, Something Special (album #15) (Sept. 24) (#10 in the U.K.); incl. Take My Heart (#17 in the U.S.), Get Down On It (#10 in the U.S.), Steppin' Out (#89 in the U.S.). Leif Garrett (1961-), My Movie of You (album #5). Marvin Gaye (1939-84), In Our Lifetime (album) (Jan. 15); incl. Praise, Funk Me. Bee Gees, Living Eyes (album #14); sells 750K copies; incl. Living Eyes, He's a Liar. J. Geils Band, Freeze Frame (album #12) (Oct. 26) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Centerfold (#1 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.) ("Does she walk? Does she talk? Does she come complete? My homeroom homeroom angel always pulled me from my seat"), Freeze Frame (#4 in the U.S.), Angel in Blue (#40 in the U.S.). Genesis, Abacab (album #11) (Sept. 14) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Abacab, No Reply at All. The Go-Go's, Beauty and the Beat (album) (debut) (#1 in the U.S.) (3M copies); from Los Angeles, Calif., ikncl. Belinda Jo Carlisle (1958-), Jane Wiedlin (1958-), Charlotte Irene Caffrey (1953-), Kathryn "Kathy" Valentine (1959-) (bass), and Regina Ann "Gina" Schock (1957-) (drums); first all-female band to write their own songs and play their own instruments and reach the top of the Billboard charts; incl. We Got the Beat, Our Lips Are Sealed. Merle Haggard (1937-2016), My Favorite Memory; Big City. Van Halen, Fair Warning (album #4) (Apr. 29); incl. So This Is Love?, Mean Street, Push Comes to Shove, Unchained. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Herbie Hancock Trio (album #31); Magic Windows (album #32). Tim Hardin (1941-80), Unforgiven (album) (last) (unfinished); The Tim Hardin Memorial Album (album) (posth.); The Shock of Grace (album) (posth). Emmylou Harris (1947-), Evangeline (album) (Apr.); incl. Evangeline, Mister Sandman. George Harrison (1943-2001), Somewhere in England (album) (June 5) (#11 in the U.S., #13 in the U.K.); incl. All Those Years Ago (tribute to the late John Lennon, w/Ringo Starr, Paul and Linda McCartney, and Denny Laine). Debbie Harry (1945-), Koo Koo (album) (debut) (Aug. 8); incl. The Jam Was Moving, Chrome, Backfired. Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), Lifetime Thing (album); after it flops, he gives up music for acting. Tom Petty (1950-2017) and The Heartbreakers, Hard Promises (album #4) (May 5); John Lennon is scheduled to record in the same studio as Petty, but is murdered before he can show up, causing "WE LOVE YOU JL" to be inscribed on every vinyl copy of the album; incl. The Waiting, Insider (w/Stevie Nicks). Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 48 ("Vision of Andromeda"), Op. 355. Janis Ian (1951-), Restless Eyes (album). Billy Idol (1955-), Don't Stop (album) (debut) (Oct. 24); incl. Dancing With Myself, Mony Mony (#1 in the U.K.). Public Image Ltd., The Flowers of Romance (album #3) (Apr. 10). INXS, Underneath the Colours (album) (Oct. 19); incl. Stay Young. The Isley Brothers, Grand Slam (album); incl. Hurry Up and Wait. La Toya Jackson (1956-), My Special Love (album #2) (#175 in the U.S.); incl. Stay the Night. Millie Jackson (1944-), Just a L'il Bit Country (album #15). Rick James (1948-2004), Street Songs (album #5); incl. Super Freak, Ghetto Life, Give It To Me Baby. Joan Jett (1958-), Bad Reputation (album) (Jan. 23); reissue of her 1980 debut album. Joan Jett (1958-) and the Blackhearts, I Love Rock n' Roll (album #2) (Dec.); first with the Blackhearts; sells 10M copies; incl. I Love Rock n' Roll, Crimson and Clover, Do You Wanna Touch Me. Billy Joel (1949-), Songs in the Attic (album) (first live album) (Sept. 10); sells 3M copies. Elton John (1947-), The Fox (album #15) (May 20); incl. Elton's Song; banned in several countries for gay content. Grace Jones (1948-), Nightclubbing (album #5); incl. Pull Up to the Bumper (her biggest hit), I've Seen That Face Before (Libertango). Journey, Captured (Feb.) (first live album); sells 2M copies; last with Gregg Rolie; Escape (E5C4P3) (album #7) (July 31); incl. Open Arms (#2 in the U.S.), Who's Crying Now (#4 in the U.S.), Don't Stop Believin' (#9 in the U.S.), Still They Ride (#19 in the U.S.), Stone in Love, Mother, Father, La Raza del Sol; Captured (album) (recorded on Aug. 8 in Montreal). Dead Kennedys, In God We Trust, Inc. (album) (Dec.); incl. Moral Majority, Religious Vomit, Nazi Punks Fuck Off, Rawhide. Chaka Khan (1953-), What Cha' Gonna Do for Me (album #3) (Apr. 15); incl. What Cha' Gonna Do for Me. Greg Kihn Band, Rockihnroll (album #4); incl. The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em) (#15 in the U.S.); Sheila, The Girl Most Likely. The Kinks, Give the People What They Want (album #18) (Aug. 15); incl. Destroyer, Better Things. Kix, Kix (album) (debut) (Sept.); originally Shooze, then The Generators, from Hagerstown, Md., incl. Steve Whiteman (vocals), Ronnie "10/10" Younkins (guitar), Brian "Damage" Forsythe (guitar), Donnie Purnell (bass), and Jimmy "Chocolate" Chalfant (drums); incl. Love at First Sight, Kix Are for Kids, and Yeah, Yeah, Yeah. Album #2 Cool Kids Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips, Touch (album). Kraftwerk, Computer World (album #8) (May); incl. Computer World, Computer Love. Fela Kuti (1938-97), Black President (album). The Human League, Dare (album #3) (Oct. 20) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Don't You Want Me, Open Your Heart, The Sound of the Crowd, The Things That Dreams Are Made Of, Love Action (I Believe in Love). Def Leppard, High 'n' Dry (album #2) (July 11); produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange; incl. Bringin' on the Heartbreak. Level 42, Level 42 (album) (debut); from Isle of Weight, England, incl. Mark King (1958-) (vocals, bass), Michael "Mike" Lindup (1959-) (vocals), Rowland Charles "Boon" Gould (1955-) (guitar), and Philip Gabriel "Phil" Gould (1957-) (drums); incl. Love Games, Turn It On, Starchild. Abbey Lincoln (1930-2010) and Cedar Walton (1934-2013), The Maestro (album); incl. The Maestro. Lipps Inc., Designer Music. Thin Lizzy, Renegade (album #11) (Nov. 15); incl. Angel of Death. Meat Loaf (1947-2022), Dead Ringer (album) (Sept. 4); sells 5M copies; incl. The Old Songs, Somewhere Down the Road, Dead Ringer for Love (with Cher). Loverboy, Get Lucky (album #2) (#7 in the U.S.) (Oct. 7) (4M copies); incl. Working for the Weekend, When It's Over. Iron Maiden, Killers (album #2) (Feb. 2); incl. Wrathchild, Purgatory; Maiden Japan (Heavy Metal Army) (album) (Aug.). Barry Manilow (1943-), If I Should Love Again (album #8); incl. If I Should Love Again. Reba McEntire (1955-), Heart to Heart (album #4) (Sept.); incl. Today All Over Again, I Don't Think Love Ought to Be That Way. Steve Miller Band, Circle of Love (album #11) (Oct.); incl. Circle of Love, Macho City. Stephanie Mills (1957-), Stephanie (album); incl. Two Hearts (with Teddy Pendergrass). Ronnie Milsap (1943-), There's No Gettin' Over Me (album #13) (#5 in the U.S.) incl. (There's) No Gettin' Over Me (#1 country) (#5 in the U.S.), I Wouldn't Have Missed It for the World (#1 country) (#20 in the U.S.), Any Day Now (#1 country) (#14 in the U.S.). The Misfits, Halloween (Oct. 31). Depeche Mode, Speak & Spell (album) (debut) (Oct. 5) (#10 in the U.K.); from Basildon, Essex, England, incl. Dave Gahan (1962-) (vocals), Martin Lee Gore (1961-) (guitar), Andrew John "Fletch" Fletcher (1961-) (keyboards), Vince Clarke (Vincent John Martin) (1960-)/ Alan Charles Wilder (1959-) (keyboards); incl. Dreaming of Me, New Life, Just Can't Get Enough. Motorhead, No Sleep 'til Hammersmith (album) (June 27) (#1 in the U.K.); Over the Top (July 11) (#6 in the U.K.). Motorhead and Girlschool, St. Valentine's Day Massacre (Feb. 1) (#5 in the U.K.). Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Hard Country Soundtrack (album #9). Anne Murray (1945-), Where Do You Go When You Dream (album #16); incl. Blessed Are the Believers. Juice Newton (1952-), Juice (album); incl. Angel of the Morning, Queen of Hearts, The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known). Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), Physical (album #10) (Oct.) (#6 in the U.S.) (10M copies); incl. Physical. Stevie Nicks (with Don Henley), Bella Donna (album); incl. Leather and Lace. Nico (1938-88), Drama of Exile (album #5) (Apr.-May); incl. Genghis Khan, Henry Hudson, Heroes (by David Bowie and Brian Eno). Klaus Nomi (1944-83), Klaus Nomi (album) (debut); incl. The Twist, You Don't Own Me. Luigi Nono (1924-90), Diario Polacco II; indicts Soviet Cold War tyranny. Gary Numan (1958-), Dance (album #3) (Sept.) (#3 in the U.K.); incl. She's Got Claws, Stormtrooper in Drag (w/Paul Gardiner). Hall & Oates, Private Eyes (album #10) (Sept. 1); incl. Private Eyes (#1 in the U.S.), I Can't Go for That (No Can Do), Did It in a Minute. Billy Ocean (1950-), Nights (Feel Like Getting Down) (album #3) (#152 in the U.S.). Midnight Oil, Place Without a Postcard (album #4); incl. Don't Wanna Be the One, Armistice Day, Burnie. Oingo Boingo, Only A Lad (album) (debut) (June 19); incl. Capitalism. OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark), Architecture & Morality (album #3) (Oct. 30); sells 3M copies; incl. Souvenir, Joan of Arc (Maid of Orleans). Yoko Ono (1933-), Season of Glass (album) (June 8); album cover shows John Lennon's bloody shattered eyeglasses next to a half-filled glass of water and a window overlooking Central Park in the background; features her son Sean Ono Lennon (1975-) reciting a story his daddy John told him; incl. Goodbye Sadness, No, No, No. New Order, Movement (album) (debut) (Nov.); formerly Joy Division, after May 1980 suicide of Ian Curtis; incl. Temptation Ceremony, Doubts Even Here, Dreams Never End, Everything's Gone Green. Ozzy Osbourne (1948-), Diary of a Madman (album) (Nov. 7); incl. Diary of a Madman, Flying High Again, Over the Mountain, S.A.T.O. Dolly Parton (1946-), Nine to Five (9 to 5) (#1 in the U.S.); from the 1980 film; a triple #1 hit (pop, adult contemporary, country). Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), It's Time for Love (album); incl. I Can't Live Without Your Love. Humble Pie, Go for the Throat (album #12). Pointer Sisters, Black & White (album #8) (#13 in the U.S.); incl. Slow Hand (#2 in the U.S.), Should I Do It (#13 in the U.S.). The Police, Ghost in the Machine (album #4) (Oct. 2); title comes from Arthur Koestler's "The Ghost in the Machine"; incl. Spirits in the Material World, Invisible Sun, Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic, Demolition Man, Secret Journey. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-) and Frank Zappa (1940-93), Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar (album); incl. Canard du Jour; Mystical Adventures (album). Iggy Pop (1947-), Party (album) (June). Pretenders, Extended Play (album) (Mar. 30); Pretenders II (album #2) (Aug. 15). Billy Preston (1946-2006), The Way I Am (album #14) (Nov. 10). Judas Priest, Point of Entry (album #7) (Feb. 26); incl. Don't Go, Hot Rockin', Heading Out to the Highway. Prince (1958-2016), Controversy (album #4) (Oct. 14); incl. "Private Joy", "Annie Christian", Do Me, Baby, Let's Work, Jack U Off (mutual masturbation). Pure Prairie League, Something in the Night (album #10) (#72 in the U.S.); incl. Still Right Here in My Heart (#28 in the U.S.). Quarterflash, Quarterflash (album) (debut) (Oct. 20) (#8 in the U.S.) (1M copies); from Portland, Ore., incl. Rindy Ross (vocals), Marv Ross (guitar), Jack Charles (guitar), Rick DiGiallonardo (keyboards), Rich Gooch (drums), Brian David Willis (drums); incl. Harden My Heart (#3 in the U.S.), Find Another Fool (#16 in the U.S.). Queen, Greatest Hits (album) (1974-81) (Nov. 8); best-selling album of all time in the U.K. (until ?). Queen and David Bowie (1947-2016), Under Pressure. Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), Step by Step (album #7) (July 31) (#23 in the U.S.); incl. Someone Could Lose a Heart Tonight (#15 in the U.S.), I Don't Know Where to Start (#35 in the U.S.). Grand Funk Railroad, Grand Funk Lives (album) (July); first since disbanding in 1976. Rainbow, Difficult to Cure (album #5) (Feb. 3); their "Foreigner Junior" period (Ronnie James Dio); first with vocalist Joe Lynn Turner (Joseph Arthur Mark Linquito) (1951-) of Fandango; incl. Jealous Lover (#3 in the U.K.). The Ramones, Pleasant Dreams (album #6) (July 29); incl. The KKK Took My Baby Away. Steve Reich (1936-), Tehillim (Psalms); goes from minimalist back to his Jewish roots. R.E.M., Radio Free Europe (debut); Raging Eternal Miasma?; from Athens, Ga., incl. Michael Stipe (1960-) (vocals), Peter Lawrence Buck (1956-) (guitar), Michael Edward "Mike" Mills (1958-) (bass), William Thomas "Bill" Berry (1958-) (drums); introduces their trademark unintelligible lyrics. The Replacements, Sorry Ma, Forgot to Take Out the Trash (album) (debut) (Aug. 25); from South Minneapolis, Minn.; incl. Paul Westerberg (vocals), Bob Stinson (guitar), Tommy Stinson (bass), and Chris Mars (drums); incl. I'm in Trouble. Lionel Richie (1949-) and Diana Ross (1944-), Endless Love; from the 1981 film. Little River Band, Time Exposure (album #5). Kenny Rogers (1938-), Share Your Love (album #9); incl. Share Your Love With Me, I Don't Need You (#3 in the U.S.), Through the Years, Blaze of Glory; Christmas (album). The Romantics, Strictly Personal (album #3) (Oct.). Rush, Moving Pictures (album #8) (Feb. 7); incl. Tom Sawyer, Red Barchetta, Limelight; Exit... Stage Left (album) (Oct.). Black Sabbath, Mob Rules (album #10) (Nov. 4); Vinny Appice replaces Bill Ward on drums, which Ozzy Osbourne calls "Geezer and the three Wops"; the cover art contains the hidden message "Kill Ozzy"?; incl. The Mob Rules, Turn Up the Night. New Riders of the Purple Sage, Feelin' All Right (album #10). Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Rejoice (album); incl. High Life. Saxon, Denim and Leather (album #4) (Oct. 5); incl. And the Bands Played On, Princess of the Night. A Flock of Seagulls, Modern Love is Automatic (album) (debut); from Liverpool, England, incl. Michael "Mike" Score (1957-) (vocals, keyboards), Paul Reynolds (1962-) (guitar) (known for wearing large white eyeglasses), Alister James "Ali" Score (drums), and Frank Maudsley (bass). Del Shannon (1934-90), Sea of Love (Dec.) (#33 in the U.S.). Carly Simon (1945-), Torch (album #10) (Aug. 1); divorces James Taylor in Sept. Sister Sledge, All American Girls (album #5); incl. All American Girls (#79 in the U.S., #41 in the U.K.), Next Time You'll Know. The Slits, Return of the Giant Slits (album #3) (Oct.); Earthbeat (Dec.). Spizzenergi, Spikey Dream Flower (album #2) (Apr.). Steppenwolf, Live in London (album). Ringo Starr (1940-), Stop and Smell the Roses (album #8) (Nov. 2) (#98 in the U.S.); incl. Wrack My Brain (#38 in the U.S.) (last U.S. top-40 hit). Status Quo, Never Too Late (album #14) (Mar.). Rod Stewart (1945-), Tonight I'm Yours (album) (Nov. 6); incl. Tonight I'm Yours (Don't Hurt Me), Young Turks, How Long? Rolling Stones, Sucking in the Seventies (album) (Mar. 12); Tattoo You (album #18) (Aug. 24) (last to reach #1 in the U.S. - first was "Sticky Fingers" in 1971); incl. Start Me Up, Hang Fire, Slave (with Sonny Rollins), Little T&A , Black Limousine, Neighbours, Worried About You, Waiting on a Friend. George Strait (1952-), Strait Country (Sept. 4) (album) (debut) (MCA Records); incl. Unwound (#6 country) (written by Dean Dillon and Frank Dycus), If You're Thinking You Want a Stranger (There's One Coming Home) (#3 country). launches his record-setting career as "the King of Country" and "King George", going on to surpass Conway Twitty's record 40 Billboard country #1 singles in 2009 with 44, ramping up to 60+ and selling 100M records. Styx, Paradise Theatre (album #10) (Jan.) (#1 in the U.S.); their biggest hit; about a theater in Chicago; incl. Rockin' the Paradise, The Best of Times (#3 in the U.S.), Too Much Time on My Hands (#9 in the U.S.), Snowblind (accused of containing Satanic messages). Donna Summer (1948-2012), I'm a Rainbow (album #10) (double album); not released until Aug. 20, 1996. Survivor, Premonition (album #2); incl. Poor Man's Son, Summer Nights. Taco (Ockerse) (1955-), Puttin' On the Ritz (#3 in the U.S.) (1M copies). James Taylor (1948-), Dad Loves His Work (album #10) (Mar.). Roger Taylor (1949-), Fun In Space (album); incl. Fun In Space. Mel Tillis (1932-), Your Body is an Outlaw (#3 country). The Four Tops, Tonight! (album). Toto, Turn Back (album #3) (Jan.); sells 900K copies. Tommy Tutone, Tommy Tutone 2 (album); incl. 867-5309/Jenny. Thompson Twins, A Product of... (Participation) (album) (debut) (June); named after bumbling dicks Thomson and Thomson in Herge's "The Adventures of Tintin"; from England, incl. Tom Bailey (1953-) (bass, vocals), Pete Dodd (guitar, vocals), Alannah Joy Currie (1957-) (vocals), John Roog (guitar), Chris Bell (drums), Joe Leeway (congas), and Jane Shorter (sax). Bonnie Tyler (1951-), Goodbye to the Island (album #4). U2, October (album #2) (Oct. 21) (#11 in the U.K., 104 in the U.S.); about the conflict between rock and roll and their Christian taith; "It's about God" (Bono); incl. Gloria, With a Shout (Jerusalem), Tomorrow. The Undertones, Positive Touch (album #3) (May) (#17 in the U.K.); incl. It's Going to Happen (#18 in the U.K.), Julie Ocean (#41 in the U.K.). Vangelis (1943-), Chariots of Fire Soundtrack (album) (Apr.); incl. Chariots of Fire Theme (#1 in the U.S.), Jerusalem. The Vapors, Magnets (album #2); poor sales cause the group to vaporize?; incl. Magnets. The Ventures, 60's Pops (album). Romeo Void, It's a Condition (album) (debut) (July); from San Francisco, Calif., incl. Debora Kay Iyall (1954-) (vocals). Wall of Voodoo, Dark Continent (album #2) (Aug. 18) (#177 in the U.S.). Joe Walsh (1947-), There Goes the Neighborhood (album #5) (Mar. 10); incl. A Life of Illusion, Rivers (of the Hidden Funk). Mary Wells (1943-92), Gigolo. Whitesnake, Come an' Get It (album #5) (Apr. 11); incl. Don't Break My Heart Again, Wine, Women An' Song, Would I Lie to You. The Who, Face Dances (album #9) (Mar. 16); new drummer Kenney Jones; incl. You Better You Bet. Kim Wilde (1960-), Kids in America. Men at Work, Who Can It Be Now? (debut); from Australia, incl. Colin James Hay (1953-) (vocals), Ron Strykert (1957-) (vocals), Greg Ham (1953-) (keyboards, sax), Jerry Speiser (1953-) (drums); Business As Usual (album) (debut) (Nov. 9) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (first to have simultaneous #1 album and #1 single in the U.S. and U.K.) (15M copies); incl. Who Can It Be Now?, Be Good Johnny, (Land) Down Under (#1 in U.S. and U.K.); successfully sued in 2010 for violating the 1934 copyright of Marion Sinclair (1895-1988) for "Kookaburra Sits in the Old Gum Tree". Bow Wow Wow, See Jungle! See Jungle! Go Join Your Gang, Yeah. City All Over! Go Ape Crazy (album #2) (#192 in the U.S.). (Oct.); from England, incl. Annabella Lwin (Myint Myint Aye) ("high high cool") (1966-) (Burmese father, English mother). Tammy Wynette (1942-98), You Brought Me Back (album); incl. Cowboys Don't Shoot Straight (Like They Used To). Generation X, Kiss Me Deadly (album #3); Billy Idol (1955-), Tony James; incl. Dancing With Myself (about masturbation?), which is redone by Billy Idol when he goes solo this year. Yello, Claro Que Si (album #2); incl. The Evening's Young. Neil Young (1945-) and Crazy Horse, Re-ac-tor (album) (Oct. 28); incl. Surfer Joe and Moe the Sleaze, T-Bone. Frank Zappa (1940-93), Tinseltown Rebellion (double album) (May 17); incl. Fine Girl, Brown Shoes Don't Make It, Peaches III; Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar (triple album) (May 11); You Are What You Is (double album) (Sept. 23); incl. You Are What You Is (video features a Ronald Reagan lookalike in an electric chair, along with the lyric "I ain't no nigger no more"). Movies: A good year for action flicks? Jean-Claude Tramont's All Night Long (Mar. 6) is a comedy starring Gene Hackman as middle age George Dupler, who throws a temper tantrum in his boss' office and is demoted to midnight shift mgr. of an all-night pharmacy/convenience store, hooking up with Cheryl (Barbra Streisand). John Landis' An American Werewolf in London (Aug. 21) (PolyGram Pictures) (Gruber-Peters Co.) (Universal Pictures), filmed in Wales and Surrey, England stars David Naughton as David Kessler, and Griffin Dunne as Jack Goodman, two Yank college students who decide to go on a hike in the Yorkshire Moors and get mixed up with werewolves, who kill Jack and turn David into one, after which he is taken to a London hospital where he hooks up with hot Nurse Alex Price (Jenny Agutter); does $62M box office on a $10M budget; followed by "An American Werewolf in Paris" (1997). Steve Gordon's Arthur (July 17) stars Dudley Moore as spoiled alcoholic "world's richest playboy" Arthur Bach, who stands to lose everything if he scorns his planned marriage to heiress Susan Johnson (Jill Eikenberry) for poor waitress Linda Marolla (Liza Minnelli), while his butler Hobson (John Gielgud) tries to hold him together; score by Burt Bacharach incl. Arthur's Theme, sung by Christopher Cross; "I race cars. I play tennis. I fondle women, but I have the weekends off and I am my own boss." Lawrence Kasdan's Body Heat (Aug. 28) (The Ladd Co.) (Warner Bros.) makes stars of still-straight-in-Hollyweird William McChord Hurt (1950-) (as Ned Racine) and raspy-voiced Kathleen Turner (1954-) (as Matty Walker) (film debut); Mary Ann Simpson assumes the identity of Matty Tyler to marry a rich man, kill him, get the money, and frame incompetent lawyer Racine after seducing him; Mickey Rourke is an arsonist, and Ted Danson does a soft shoe; Turner, tired of being a vamp on the TV soap "The Doctors" wows Kasdan by staging an impromptu drunk scene and hurling an ashtray?; does $24M box office on a $9M budget; Turner is paid only $27.5K and has to wait tables in New York City for 8 mo. until the movie opens? Carl Gottlieb's Caveman (Apr. 17), filmed in Zacatecas, Mexico stars Ringo Starr as Atouk, who fights Lar (Dennis Quaid) and Tonda (John Matuszak) for Lana, played by bodacious Barbara Bach (Goldbach) (1947-), who marries Ringo on Apr. 27. George Schafer's The Bunker (Jan. 27), a CBS-TV movie based on the 1975 book by James P. O'Donnell stars Anthony Hopkins as Adolf Hitler, who wows fellow actors with his performance, causing those playing German soldiers to snap to attention when he arrives on the set. Hugh Hudson's Chariots of Fire (Mar. 30) (Warner Bros.) (his first dramatic film) (title comes from the William Blake poem "Jerusalem": "Bring me my Chariot of fire", based on 2 Kings 2:11, 6:17) tells the behind-the-scenes story of the 1924 Paris Olympics, starring London, England-born Harry Bernard "Ben" Cross (1947-) (non-Jewish, obviously?) as Jewish English chip-on-shoulder runner Harold Abrahams, and Glasgow, Scotland-born Ian Charleson (1949-90) as Christian Scottish runner Eric Liddell, who run for religious and personal reasons, with every supporting actor hitting all cylinders, incl. Ian Holm (1931-) as half-Italian half-Arab trainer Sam Mussabini, Upington, South Africa-born Alice Maud Krige (1954-) as Abraham's opera star babe Sybil Gordon, Nigel Allan Havers (1951-) as ultra-pampered blonde Anglo-Saxon Lord Andrew Lindsay, Essex, England-born Nicholas Farrell (Frost) (1955-)) (film debut) as "my complete man" Aubrey Montague (the narrator, based on real letters he wrote), Robert Creel "Brad" Davis (1949-91) and squeaky-voiced Dennis Christopher (Carreli) (1955-) as Am. superstar athletes Jackson Scholz and Charles Paddock, Cheryl Campbell (1949-) as Liddell's monomaniac sister Jennie, Arthur John Gielgud (1904-2000) and Lindsay Gordon Anderson (1923-1994) as the snobby English masters of Trinity and Caius (pr. like keys) Colleges, and Arthur Nigel Davenport (1928-2013) as Lord Birkenhead, all to cool electronic music by Greek composer Vangelis (Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou) (1943-), whose father was a runner, starting a trend; the climax is Liddell refusing to run on Sunday, hanky please; yes, they shot on Sundays; they have to use period costumes from "Reds", which gets behind schedule, causing a crunch; in real life Charleson is faster than Cross; sales start out er, slow until Christian orgs. begin showing it, after which a glowing review by Roger Ebert gets it going, and the portrayal of English discrimination against Jews turns on Am. black audiences, taking it over the top at the box office, and it ends up doing $58.9M box office on a Ł3M budget; costumes by Melena Canonero; at the beginning they put the word "shit" into the script to get a PG rating to make more money; one of the first uses of steady-cam; after the real Cambridge U. refuses them permission, they film at Eaton; "I believe in the pursuit of excellence, and I'll carry the future of me" (Cross); "Well, there goes your Semite, Hugh. A different god, a different mountaintop" (Gielgud); the greatest pure non-gimmicky religious movie of all time?; on TLW's all-time top-5 list; first release by British film co. Goldcrest Films (founded 1977), followed by "Escape from New York" (1981), "Gandhi" (1982), and "The Killing Fields" (1984); executive producer is Egyptian-born Emad El-Din Mohamed Abdel Moneim "Dodi" Fayed (1955-97), later known as the last beau of Princess Diana; "I know God made me for a purpose, but I also know he made me fast." Volker Schlondorff's Circle of Deceit stars Bruno Ganz and Hanna Shygulla. Michael Apted's Continental Divide (Sept. 18) stars John Belushi as a Chicago journalist who falls for eagle researcher Nell Porter (Blair Brown) in the Rocky Mts. Bertrand Tavernier's Coup de Torchon stars Philippe Noiret and Isabelle Huppert. Jean-Jacques Beineix's Diva (Mar. 11), based on a novel by Daniel Odier star Frederic Andrew as a French postal worker who is smitten with African-Am. soprano Wilhelmenia Wiggins Fernandez (Jessye Norman?), and is sucked into a vortex of opera, Zen, dirty cops, and Taiwanese pirates; dir. debut of French dir. Jean-Jacques Beineix (1946-). Matthew Robbin's Dragonslayer (June 26) (a Disney film, becoming controversial for its violence) stars Peter MacNicol (1954-) in his film debut as Galen Bradwarden, young apprentice of old sorcerer Ulrich of Craggenmoor (Sir Ralph Richardson), who must slay 400-y.o. dragon Vermithrax Pejorative for 6th cent. King Casiodorus of Urland (Peter Eyre) while courting cross-dressing love babe Valerian (Caitlin Clarke); Sydney Bromley plays Ulrich's elderly servant Hodge; John Hallam plays mean centurion Tyrian; Ian McDiarmid plays village priest Brother Jacopus; Chloe Salaman plays Princess Elspeth; Albert Salmi plays Greil; both Richardson and Bromley kick off by 1987. Shohei Imamura's Eijanaka stars Shigeru Izumiya in the days leading to the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Franco Zeffirelli's Endless Love (July 17), based on the 1979 novel by Scott Spencer stars hot Brooke Shields as Jade Buttefield, and Martin Hewitt as David Axelrod, who fall in love after being introduced by Jade's brother Keith (James Spader), becoming the film debut of Tom Cruise (Thomas Cruise Mapother IV) (1962-); does $32.5M box office; the Endless Love Theme by Diana Ross and Lionel Richie is a #1 hit in the U.S., and Ross' best-selling single of her career. John Carpenter's Escape from New York (July 10) (AVCO Embassy Pictures), set in 1997 stars Kurt Russell as leather-clad eye-patched Snake Plissken, a disgraced war hero given 24 hours to rescue the even more snaky U.S. Pres. (Donald Pleasance) being held hostage in a future Manhattan, which has been turned into a no-escape prison controlled by felons; so campy and corny that it's good?; Russell, king of grade B action movies keeps a straight face regardless?; does $25.2M box office on a $6M budget; the Aug. 9, 1996 sequel (a bomb) Escape from L.A. features Russell wearing the same tight leather outfit, which still fits?; Sam Raimi's The Evil Dead (Oct. 15) (Renaissance Pictures) (New Line Cinema) is a "splatstick" about four Mich. State U. students led by Ash Williams (Bruce Campbell), who vacation in an isolated cabin in rural Tenn., where they find the Naturan Demanto, a Sumerian version of the Egyptian Book of the Dead, which resurrects a demonic being who gives them hell; does $2.4M box office on a $400K budget, going on to become the #1 cult horror film of all time?; followed by "Evil Dead II" (1987), "Army of Darkness" (1992). John Boorman's Excalibur (Apr. 10) (Orion Pictures) (Warner Bros.) retells the King Arthur legend in style, starring Nigel Terry as Arthur, Nicol Williamson as Merlin, Cherie Lunghi as Guenevere, Nicholas Clay as Lancelot, Helen Mirren as Morgana Le Fay, Patrick Stewart as King Leondegrance, and Liam Neeson as Sir Gawain; film debut of Irish actor Ciaran (Ciarán) Hinds (1953-) as King Lot; does $35M box office on an $11M budget; features Richard Wagner's Funeral March from "Gotterdämmerung", Act III. Ronald Neame's First Monday in October (Aug. 21), based on a play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee stars Jill Clayburgh as Ruth Loomis, the first U.S. woman Supreme Court justice; also stars Walter Matthau as justice Daniel Snow, and Barnard Hughes as chief justice James Jefferson Crawford. Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo stars tow-headed German Klaus Kinski, who brings opera to backward Indians in Iquitos, Peru. Arthur Penn's Four Friends (Dec. 11), a semi-autobio. flick written by Steve Tesich stars Craig Wasson as Yugoslavian-born Long Island teenie Danilo Prozor, Jim Metzler as WASP jock Tom, Michael Huddleston as Jewish mama's boy David, and Jodi Thelen as free spirited Georgia Miles, who hooks up with all three in turn as they grow up in the 1960s; film debut of Glenne Headly as Lola; "From immigrant passions fired in steel mills... to the icy power of the super-rich." Daniel Petrie's Fort Apache, the Bronx (Feb. 6), set in South Bronx, N.Y., run by the crime-ridden NYPD 41st precinct stars Paul Newman, Ken Wahl, Ed Asnwer, Danny Aiello, and gay playwright Miguel Pinero. John Glen's For Your Eyes Only (June 24) (Eon Productions) (United Artists) (James Bond 007 film #12) (#5 with Roger Moore), starring Topol as good guy Milos Columbo, cool-eyed Carole Bouquet as Bond girl Melina Havelock, Julian Glover as bad guy Aristotle Kristatos, and hot Lynn-Holly Johnson as Olympic skater and bed-bunny Bibi Dahl, in a Cold War spy game involving the British ATAC missile command system; the For Your Eyes Only Theme is sung by sexy Sheena Easton, who becomes the first singer shown singing a Bond theme song until 1995; another version by Blondie is rejected; the first of five 007 films dir. by Glen; does $195.3M box office on a $28M budget, saving United Artists from bankruptcy after the 1980 "Heaven's Gate" disaster, after which they merge with MGM and concentrate on blockbusters; since Bernard Lee, who plays M is sick, the script it changed to say that he is on leave, and the confession booth meeting with 007 is changed to Q. Karel Reisz' The French Lieutenant's Woman (Sept. 18), adapted by Harold Pinter from the 1969 John Fowles novel stars Meryl Streep and Jeremy Irons as actors Anna and Mike, who transform into their 19th cent. English chars. Sarahand Charles Henry Smithson. Bruce D. Clark's Galaxy of Terror (Mindwarp) (Oct.), produced by Roger Corman stars Edward Albert as Cabren, leader of a space expedition to Morganthus on the Quest, Erin Moran as empath Alluma, Ray Walston as cook Kore, and Grace Zabriskie as Capt. Trantor, who are forced to crash by a mysterious force; brings in $4M on a $1.8M budget. Peter Weir's Gallipoli (Aug. 13) (Village Roadshow) (Paramount Pictures) (Cinema Internat. Corp.), about the scandalous Allied Gallipoli campaign in WWI stars hunk Mel Gibson as unemployed railroad worker Frank Dunne, and Mark Lee as prize-winning sprinter and stockman Archie Hamilton, who enlist in infantryand end up losing their innocence; does $11.7M box office on a $2.8M budget. Ghost Story (Dec. 18) (Universal Pictures), set in winter 1979 in a peaceful New England village stars Fred Astaire as Ricky Hawthorne, Melvyn Douglas as Dr. John Jaffrey, Douglas Fairbanks Jr. as Edward Charles Wanderley, and John Houseman as Sears James, four old fart members of the Chowder Society, who like to tell horror stories to each other, and father to discuss the late Eva Galli (Alice Krige), who they killed in 1929 (drowned alive in a car in a lake), and whose ghost is haunting them; last film featuring Astaire, Fairbanks, and Douglas, who dies on Aug. 4; does $23.37M box office. Bill Forsyth's Gregory's Girl (Apr. 23) (ITC Entertainment), set in a state secondary school in Abronhill, Cumbernauld, Scotland stars John Gordon Sinclair as h.s. soccer player Gregory Underwood, and Dee Hepburn as female player Dorothy, whom all the boys want to make the team so they can make her; Clare Grogan plays Dorothy's friend Susan; does Ł25.7M box office on a Ł200K budget. James Szalapski's Heartworn Highways (May 13) (Warner Bros.) documents the Outlaw Country movement in Nashville in late 1975 and early 1976, incl. David Allan Coe, Guy Clark, Rodney Crowell, Charlie Daniels, Steve Earle, Gamble Rogers, Larry Jon Wilson, Steve Young, and Townes Van Zandt. Moshe Mizrahi's I Sent a Letter to My Love, based on a novel by Bernice Rubens stars Simone Signoret as a middle-aged woman who needs love and is stuck caring for her paraplegic brother Jean Rochefort, getting into a pen-pal romance. Andrzej Wajda's Man of Iron, about the Polish Solidarity movement stars Jerzy Radziwilowicz as Maciej Tomczyk, and Lech Walesa as himself. Margarethe von Trotta's Marianne and Juliane (Die Bleierne Zeit) (The Leaden Times) (The German Sisters), a bout the Italian Years of Lead stars Barbara Sukowa and Jutta Lampe as German sisters Marianne (Gudrun Ensslin) (a Red Army Faction member) and Juliane (Christine Ensslin) (a reporter) in 1968. Jonathan Demme's Melvin and Howard (Sept. 19) stars Paul Le Mat as dumb-and-dumber Melvin Dummar, and Jason Robards as billionaire nutburger Howard Hughes; Mary Steenburgen plays first wife and alleged Hughes heir Lynda Dummar. Frank Perry's Mommie Dearest (Sept. 18), based on the book by Christina Crawford stars Faye Dunawaye doing Joan Crawford in such an over-the-top fashion that it inspires a cult of gay men who watch it just to clap when she dishes abuse to her adopted daughter? George Mihalka's My Bloody Valentine (Feb. 11) is a slasher film set in Valentine Bluffs, where a methane gas explosion at Hanniger Coal Mine traps five miners, and only Harry Warden survives by eating them and going mad, then escapes the mental institution on Valentine's Day and kills and eats the heart of the foreman whose negligence trapped them; after young miners defy a warning never to celebrate you know what again, a slasher in mining gear terrorizes them; refilmed in 2009. Louis Malle's My Dinner With Andre (Oct. 11) stars Andre Gregory as a globetrotting spiritual pilgrim Manhattan Project theater dir., and Wallace Shawn as a bumbling failed actor-playwright in the most interesting 2-hour philosophical artsy-fartsy restaurant dinner conversation in film history until ? - roast and blend, or vice-versa? John G. Avildsen's Neighbors (Dec. 18), based on the 1980 novel by Thomas Berger stars John Belushi as Earl, who gets into a war with his neighbors Vic and Ramona, played by Dan Aykroyd and Cathy Moriarty. Bruce Malmuth's Nighthawks (Apr. 4) stars Sylvester Stallone as an intelligent cop for once in an exciting hunt for internat. terrorist Wulfgar (Belgian pretty-boy actor Rutger Hauer in his U.S. screen debut) who brings terrorism to U.S. shores (NYC); Billy Dee Williams plays Stallone's Man Friday, er, partner, Bionic Woman Lindsay Wagner his babe, Nigel Davenport the all-so-British terrorism expert, and Persis Khambatta Hauer's exotic terrorist babe, who never has hot flashes except out of the barrel of her gun? Mark Rydell's On Golden Pond (Dec. 4), based on the play by Ernest Thompson and filmed on Babe Paley's Kiluna North Estate on Squam Lake, N.H. stars Henry Fonda and Katharine Hepburn as old farts Norman and Ethel Thayer, and Jane Fonda as their estranged daughter Chelsea Thayer Wayne, who battle out their gripes at Great Pond, Belgrade, Maine, allegedly mirroring their real lives; Henry wears Spencer Tracy's lucky hat, which Kate gives him, since they never met before filming; grosses $118M (#2). Peter Hyams' Outland (May 22) stars Sean Connery as Marshal William T. O'Niel, Peter Boyle as Mark Sheppard, and Frances Sternhagen as Dr. Lazarus in a remake of "High Noon" set on Io; does $20M box officeon a $16M budget. Hector Babenco's Pixote (May 5), based on the book "The Childhood of the Dead Ones" by Jose Louzeiro is a documentary of Brazil's delinquent youth, starring Fernando Ramos da Silva and Marilia Pera. John Waters' Polyester (May 29) stars Divine as troubled suburban Baltimore housewife Francine Fishpaw, who runs a sleazy movie theater, while her daughter performs lewd dances in the high school cafeteria for money; resurfaces forgotten gay actor Tab Hunter in an offbeat "Father Knows Best gone berserk", filmed in Odorama, complete with scratch-n-sniff cards given to the audience. Milos Forman's Ragtime (Nov. 20), produced by Dino di Laurentiis based on the 1975 E.L. Doctorow novel about racist 1906 America during the 1906 Evelyn Nesbit-Harry K. Thaw scandal is James Cagney's last film performance as police commissioner Rheinlander Waldo; Elizabeth McGovern plays Evelyn Nesbit, Robert Joy plays Thaw, and Howard E. Rollins Jr. plays black ragtime pianist Coalhouse Walker Jr.; also features Mandy Patinkin and Mary Steenburgen. Steven Spielberg's Raiders of the Lost Ark (June 12) (Paramount Pictures) becomes a quantum leap in action movies, making Chicago, Ill.-born Harrison Ford (1942-), who plays ophidiophobic (snake-loathing) Indiana Jones (after Tom Selleck turns it down) a household name as he and his colleague Marcus Brody (Denholm Elliott) and Egyptian sidekick Sallah (John Rhys-Davies) (after Danny DeVito turn it down) and feisty jilted girlfriend Marian Ravenwood (Karen Allen) battle rival French archeologist Rene Belloq (Paul Freeman) and a nasty bunch of Nazis incl. Wolf Kahler as sadistic Col. Dietrich, and Ronald Lacy as Maj. Arnold Toht in the 1930s to gain control of the fabled Jewish Ark of the Covenant; Alfred Molina plays Satipo; the first 3 min. has more action than most other movies, and it ramps up from there, exhausting every plot trick and never suffering from a boring moment where people just stand around or walk or talk; George Harris plays Katanga; Terry Richards plays the swordsman whom Indy shoots; the booby-trapped Peruvian temple and Amazonian jungle are portrayed by Kipu Ranch and the Anahola Mts. in Kauai, Hawaii; shot in 73 days for $18M; #1 film of the year, grossing $242M in the U.S. and $389.9M worldwide on an $18M budget. Warren Beatty's Reds (Dec. 4) portrays the life of "Ten Days that Shook the World" author John Reed, his girlfriend Louise Bryant (Diane Keaton), his efforts to start a U.S. Communist Party, and his reporting of the Russian Rev.; Maureen Stapleton plays Emma Goldman; George Jessel (d. 1981) appears as himself in his last screen appearance; Jack Nicholson plays Eugene O'Neill (1888-1953), causing his estranged daughter (since 1943) Oona O'Neill Chaplin to write him a letter saying "Thanks to you, I now can love my father." George Miller's The Road Warrior (Mad Max 2) (Dec. 24) a futuristic take on the Last of the Mohicans starring Mel Gibson as Mad Max Rockatansky climaxes with one of the most exciting chase scenes ever, and virtually creates the action-adventure pic of the 1980s; co-stars Emil Minty as the Feral Kid, Mike Preston as Pappagallo, Vernon Wells as Wez, Max Phipps as the Toadie, Bruce Spence as the Gyro Captain, and Swedish-born Kjell Nilsson as facemask-wearing radiation-scarred bodybuilder Lord Humungus; a parable of the peaceful civilized Jews trying to survive while surrounded by a sea of barbaric Palestinians?; does $23.7M U.S. box office on a $10.8M budget; preceded by "Mad Max" (1979); followed by "Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome" (1985). David Cronenberg's Scanners (Jan. 14) stars Jennifer O'Neill, Stephen Lack, Michael Ironside, and Patrick McGoohan in a sci-fi yarn about people with telepathic powers that can make peoples' heads explode; "There are 4 billion people on earth. 237 are Scanners. They have the most terrifying powers ever created... and they are winning." Jim Sharman's Shock Treatment (Oct. 30), a sequel to "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" stars Cliff De Young as Brad Majors, and Jessica Harper as Janet Majors, who find out that Denton, USA has been encased in a TV studio for the DTV network, owned by fast food king Farley Flavors (De Young). Kenji Misumi's Shogun Assassin is a gory samurai flick selected from the "Lone Wolf and Cub" series, starring Tomisaburo Wakiyama as widowed samurai Ogami Itto, who travels with his young son Daigoro in a lethal trick baby cart while slicing and dicing. Ivan Reitman's Stripes (June 26) (Columbia) stars Bill Murray, Harold Ramis, John Candy, and Warren Oates in a comedy about boot camp at Ft. Arnold; does $85M box office on a $10M budget. Richard Lester's Superman II (2) (June 19) pisses-off anti-smoking activists after Marlboro pays big bucks to be prominently featured; otherwise it's a rare sequel that's as good as the original; grosses $108M (#3). Harold Becker's Taps (Dec. 18), based on the 1979 Devery Freeman novel "Father Sky" about Bunker Hill Military Academy's war with the Nat. Guard stars George C. Scott as Brig Gen. Harlan Bache, Timothy Hutton as Cadet Maj. Brian Moreland, Ronny Cox as Col. Kerby, and Tom Cruise as Cadet Capt. David Shawn, and is the film debut of Sean Justin Penn (1960-) as Cadet Capt. Alex Dwyer; does $35M box office on a $14M budget. Ralph L. Thomas' Ticket to Heaven (Sept. 10) is about a man who is recruited into a cult then forcibly freed and deprogrammed by his friends. Terry Gilliam's Time Bandits (July 10) (HandMade Films) (Avco Embassy Pictures) is a fantasy film starring Kevin Warnock as 11-y.-o. Kevin, who travels from his bedroom back in time using a magic map, meeting Napoleon (Ian Holm), King Agamemnon (Sean Connery), Robin Hood (John Cleese), Pansy (Shelley Duvall), Winston the Ogre (Peter Vaughn), Mrs. Ogre (Katherine Helmond), Vincent (Michael Palin), the Supreme Being (Ralph Richardson), and Evil (David Warner); does $42.4M box office on a $5M budget; first of Gilliam's Trilogy of Imagination, incl. "Brazil" (1985) and "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen" (1988). Austin Chambers' The Wave (Oct. 4), based on Ron Jones' "The Third Wave" experiment stars Bruce Davison as teacher Ben Ross, who turns his school into a mini-Nazi Germany in an experiment gone awry. Shohei Imamura's What the Hell stars Yohei Koono and Shigeru Tsuyuguchi. John Badham's Whose Life Is It Anyway? stars Richard Dreyfuss as artist Ken Harrison, who gets in an auto accident and ends up paralyzed, meeting up with Dr. Michael Emerson (John Cassavetes) and going on trial to be allowed to die. Michael Wadleigh's Wolfen (July 24) (Orion Pictures) (Warner Bros.), based on Whitley Strieber's 1978 novel "The Wolfen" stars Albert Finney as NYPD det. Dewey Wilson, who partners with pshrink Rebecca Neff (Diane Venora) to investigate a string of violent murders in Battery Park and discovers a pack of werewolves led by Old Indian (Dehl Berti), who are higher on the food chain than humans and cull the herd while remaining invisible; does $10.6M box office on a $17M budget. Francois Truffaut's The Woman Next Door (La Femma d'a Cote) (Sept. 30), about married former lovers moving in next door to each other stars Gerard Depardieu as Bernard Coudray, and makes a star out of Truffaut's babe Fanny Ardant (as Mathilde Bauchard). Plays: Jean Anouilh (1910-87), Le Nombril (The Navel). Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Rockaby (State U. of New York at Buffalo, Apr. 8); stars Billie Whitelaw; Ohio Impromptu (Stadium II Theater) (May 9). Howard Brenton (1942-), Thirteenth Night. Jerome Chodorov (1911-2004) and Norman Panama (1914-2003), A Talent for Murder (Biltmore Theater, New York) (Oct. 1) (77 perf.); stars Claudette Colbert, Jean-Pierre Aumont. Caryl Churchill (1938-), Cloud Nine (New York); the British colonial effect on Africans. Bill C. Davis, Mass Appeal (Booth Theatre, New York) (Nov. 12) (212 perf.); stars Milo O'Shea and Michael O'Keefe. Nell Dunn (1936-), Steaming (Theatre Royal, London) (July 1); three women meet in a steam room and fight to keep it from being closed; filmed in 1985. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Rain Snakes (Fran Regnormarnas Liv). Tom Eyen (1940-91) and Henry Krieger (1945-), Dreamgirls (musical) (Imperial Theatre, New York) (Dec. 21) (1,522 perf.) (Ambassador Theatre Group, London) (Dec. 14, 2016); stars Jennifer Holliday in a story of the African-Am. female singing trio from Chicago called the Dreams; filmed in 2006 by Bill Condon starring Jennifer Hudson. Jules Feiffer (1929-), Grownups (Lyceum Theatre, New York) (Dec. 12) (13 perf.); stars Frances Sternhagen, Harold Gould, Bob Dishy. Harvey Fierstein (1952-), Torch Song Trilogy (Richard Allen Center, New York) (Oct. 16) (Actors' Playhouse, Greenwich Village) (Jan. 5, 1982) ((117 perf.) (Little Theatre, New York) (June 10, 1982) (1,222 perf.); dir. by Peter Pope; three plays incl. "International Stud", "Fugue in a Nursery", "Widows and Children First!"; stars Fierstein as torch song-singing Jewish New York effeminate drag queen Arnold Beckoff, who longs for love and family. William Finn (1952-), March of the Falsettos (Playwrights Horizons Theater, New York) (May 20) (268 perf.); stars Michael Rupert as gay bud Marvin, Stephen Bogardus, Alison Fraser. Dario Fo (1926-), Trumpets and Raspberries; Fiat CEO (1966-2003) Gianni Agnelli survives a kidnap attempt disfigured in the jacket of his employee Antonio, and the hospital gives him his face by mistake. Horton Foote (1916-), The Man Who Climbed Pecan Trees (Loft Theatre, Los Angeles). Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), A Visit. David French (1939-), The Riddle of the World (Taragon Theater, Toronto); title comes from an Alexander Pope poem; Ron the stockbroker and ex-priest Steve are abandoned by their mates. Charles H. Fuller Jr. (1939-), A Soldier's Play (Theater Four, New York) (Nov. 5) (468 perf.). George Furth (1932-2008) and Stephen Sondheim (1930-), Merrily We Roll Along (Alvin Theatre, New York) (Nov. 16) (16 perf.); dir. by Harold Prince; based on the 1934 play by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart; after it flops, Prince and Sondheim don't work together again until 2003's "Bounce", which also flops; incl. Merrily We Roll Along. Amlin Gray (1946-), How I Got That Story; a Vietnam War drama starring Edith Oliver. Simon Gray (1936-2008), Quartermaine's Terms (Queen's Theatre, London) (July 30); St. John Quartermaine (Edward Fox) and six other teachers at a Cambridge school for teaching English to foreigners. John Guare (1938-) and Duke Ellington, Sophisticated Ladies (musical) (Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, New York) (Feb. 1) (767 perf.); stars Phyllis Hyman, P.J. Benjamin. Albert Ramsdell Gurney Jr. (1930-), The Golden Age. Beth Henley (1952-), Crimes of the Heart (John Golden Theatre, New York) (Nov. 4) (535 perf.) (Pulitzer Prize); about unsettled sisters Meg Magrath, Babe Magrath Botrelle, and Lenny Magrath in Hazelhurst, Miss.; filmed in 1986; stars Mia Dillon, Mary Beth Hurt, Lizbeth McKay, and Peter MacNicol as Doc Porter; Am I Blue (Dec.). Velina Hasu Houston (1957-), Morning Has Broken (Asa Ga Kimashita) (first play). David Henry Hwang (1957-), The Dance and the Railroad; the 1867 Chinese transcontinental railroad strike; Family Devotions; the destructive influence of Christianity on a Chinese-Am. family. John Kander (1927-), Fred Ebb (1928-2004), and Peter Stone (1930-2003), Woman of the Year (musical) (Palace Theatre, New York) (Mar. 29) (770 perf.); based on the screenplay by Ring Lardner Jr. and Michael Kanin for the 1942 Katharine Hepburn-Spencer Tracy film; stars Lauren Bacall as TV personality Tess Harding and Harry Guardino as cartoonist Sam Craig. Thomas Keneally (1935-), Bullie's House. Emily Mann (1952-), Still Life. Mark Medoff (1940-), The Majestic Kid. Larry Shue (1946-85), The Nerd (West End, London) (Apr.); a dinner party is interrupted by a house guest from Hell. Stephen Sondheim (1930-), Marry Me a Little (musical) (Actor's Playhouse, New York) (Mar. 12) (96 perf.); stars Craig Lucas, Suzanne Henry; features Marry Me a Little, Can That Boy Foxtrot, There Won't Be Trumpets. Tom Stoppard (1937-), On the Razzle (Nat. Theatre, London) (Sept. 18); based on the 1842 Johann Nestroy play "He'll Go on a Spree" that was turned into "The Merchant of Yonkers" in 1938 and "The Matchmaker" in 1955 by Thornton Wilder, sans Dolly. Cecil Philip Taylor (1929-81), Good (Warehouse, London) (Sept. 2) (Royal Shakespeare Co.); stars Alan Howard as liberal German prof. Halder, who is drawn into Nazism while seeing himself as a "good man"; Taylor dies on Dec. 9 from pneumonia from his habit of writing in his garden shed; reopens next Apr. 20 at the Aldwych Theatre, London. Ernest Thompson (1949-), The West Side Waltz (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York) (Nov. 19) (126 perf.); elderly widowed pianist Margaret Mary Elderice (Katharine Hepburn), her violinist neighbor (Dorothy Loudon), in the Upper West Side, and a young companion. Paula Vogel (1951-), Bertha in Blue; The Oldest Profession; five aging hos sitting on a bench near Broadway and 72nd St. practice Supply Side Economics. Kevin Wade (1954-), Key Exchange (Orpheum Theatre, New York) (July 14); stars Brooke Adams, Mark Blum, and Ben Masters. Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-), Cats (musical) (New London Theatre, London) (May 11) (Winter Garden Theatre, New York) (Oct. 17); becomes the longest-running Broadway musical on June 19, 1997 with 6,138 perf. before closing on Sept. 10, 2000 after 7,485 perf.; lyrics from T.S. Eliot's 1939 "Old Possum Book of Practical Cats"; stars Elaine Paige followed by Betty Buckley as Grizzabella, making them big stars singing Memory. Arnold Wesker (1932-), Caritas (Nat. Theatre, London) (Oct. 7). Lanford Wilson (1937-), A Tale Told (Talley & Son); Talley Saga #3; family quarrel over their garment biz. Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), A Coast of Trees. John Ash (1948-), The Bed. John Ashbery (1927-2017), Shadow Train (May 28); Apparitions. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Reggae or Not. Robert Bly (1926-2021), The Man in the Black Coat Turns. Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), La Cifra (The Figure). Lorna Dee Cervantes (1954-), Emplumada (debut). Fred Chappell (1936-), Midquest; his first four poetry vols. (1975-9) combined. Gregory Corso (1930-2001), Herald of the Autochthonic Spirit (Oct. 1). Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Mother's Voice. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), ABCDEFG HIJKLM NOPQRST UVWXYZ (Apr. 30). Edward Dorn (1929-99), Yellow Lola. Stephen Dunn (1939-), Work & Love. Mari Evans (1923-), Night Star 1973-1978. William Faulkner (1897-1962), Helen: A Courtship and Mississippi Poems. George Fetherling (1949-), Subroutines. Carolyn Forche, The Country Between Us. Sheila Fugard (1932-), Mystic Things. George Garrett (1929-2008), Luck's Shining Child: A Miscellany of Poems and Verses. Barry Gifford (1946-), Beautiful Phantoms: Selected Poems 1968-1980. Peter Handke (1942-), Walk About the Villages. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Natural World: A Bestiary. Josephine Jacobsen (1908-2003), The Chinese Insomniacs: New Poems (Oct. 1). Irving Layton (1912-2006), Europe and Other Bad News. Larry Levis (1946-96), The Dollmaker's Ghost. Rod McKuen (1933-2015), The Beautiful Strangers; Book of Days and a Month of Sundays (Oct.). Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), A Poem is a Journey; From Sand Creek: Rising in This Heart Which is Our America. Linda Pastan (1932-), Waiting for My Life (Mar. 17). Sylvia Plath (1932-63), The Collected Poems (posth.) (Pulitzer Prize). Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), A Wild Patience Has Taken Me This Far: Poems, 1978-1981. John Ross (1938-2011), The Daily Planet. Michael Ryan (1946-), In Winter. Luis Omar Salinas (1937-2008), Prelude to Darkness. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Some Men. Alan Shapiro (1952-), After the Digging (debut). Shel Silverstein (1930-99), A Light in the Attic. Dave Smith (1942-), Dream Flights; Homage to Edgar Allan Poe; Blue Spruce. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), New and Selected Poems 1958-1980. Gary Soto (1952-), Where Sparrows Work Hard. Gerald Stern (1925-), The Red Coal. Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), Dreaming in Bronze. David Wagoner (1926-), Landfall. John B. Wain (1925-94), The Twofold. Derek Walcott (1930-), Selected Poetry; The Fortunate Traveller. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), Rumor Verified: Poems, 1979-1980 (Aug. 12). Charles Wright (1935-), The Southern Cross. Novels: Edward Abbey (1927-89), The Fool's Progress: An Honest Novel; sequel to "The Monkey Wrench Gang" (1975). Chris Van Allsburg (1949-), Jumanji; filmed in 1995 starring Robin Williams. Lisa Alther (1944-), Original Sins. Eric Ambler (1909-98), The Care of Time; an insane Arab ruler sponsors internat. terrorism. Martin Amis (1949-), Other People. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Bodily Harm; journalist Rennie Wilford survives breast cancer then goes on vacation in St. Antoine Island in the Caribbean, hooks up with Paul, and ends up in a rev. survival struggle. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The Cat and the King; Louis de Rouvroy, 2nd duc de Saint-Simon at the court of Sun King Louis XIV. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Hello America; about an expedition to 2114 America after it collapses ecologically and its pop. is evacuated. Lynne Reid Banks, The Indian in the Cupboard. Russell Banks (1940-), Trailerpark (short stories); Flora Pease, #11 in Granite State Trailerpark, Claudel in #5, Noni in #7. Julian Barnes (1946-), Fiddle City; pub. under alias Dan Kavanagh. Donald Barthelme (1931-89), Sixty Stories. Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Ill Seen Ill Said. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), All Over Again (June). Thomas Berger (1924-), Reinhart's Women; Carlo Reinhart in his 50s. Alfred Bester (1913-87), The Deceivers (last sci-fi novel); Rogue Winter the Synergist. Maeve Binchy (1940-), Dublin 4 (short stories). Lady Caroline Blackwood (1931-96), The Fate of Mary Rose (Jan.); 10-y.-o. Maureen is raped and tortured in Kent, England. Robert Bloch (1917-94), Out of My Head (short stories); Mysteries of the Worm (short stories); based on H.P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu tales. Judy Blume (1938-), Tiger Eyes; 15-y.-o. Davey Wexler's father is murdered in a 7-11 in Atlanta, and moves with the family to Los Alamos, where she hooks up with a man who gives her strength. Heinrich Boll (1917-85), Das Vermachtnis (A Soldier's Legacy); Was Soll aus dem Jungen Bloss Werden? (What's to Become of the Boy?). Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), Le Foutball, c'est la Guerre Poursuivie par d'Autres Moyens (Football is War Continued by Other Means). Ben Bova (1932-), Orion; first in the Orion series (1984-2011), about marketing chief John O'Ryan, who discovers that he's really Orion the Hunter, who must prevent Ahriman the Dark Lord from conquering Earth; Voyagers; first in the Voyagers series (1981-2009), about Stoner, who fights a worldwide conspiracy over the approach of a fiery alien object. David Bradley (1950-), The Chaneysville Incident; based on the real-life discovery of the graves of some runaway slaves on a farm in Bedford County, Penn. John Braine (1922-86), One and Last Love. Anita Brookner (1928-), A Start in Life in America: The Debut (first novel). Frederick Buechner (1926-), Godric; about animal-loving English hermit St. Godric of Finechale (1065-1170); finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. William S. Burroughs (1914-97), Cities of the Red Night; a group of gay pirates visit a city suffering from an AIDS-like sexual virus. Robert Olen Butler (1945-), The Alleys of Eden (first novel); first of his Vietnam War Trilogy (1982, 1985); a Vietnam deserter decides to stay in Vietnam "because, with all its troubles, Vietnam seems to him to retain more of its integrity, its sense of self, than the America he has left behind"; rejected by 21 publishers until Horizon Press takes a chance on it. Raymond Carver (1938-88), What We Talk About When We Talk About Love (short stories); "My friend Mel McGinnis was talking. Mel is a cardiologist, and sometimes that gives him the right." Alice Childress (1920-94), Rainbow Jordan; 14-y.-o. Rainbow Jordan, her single go-go dancer mother Kathie, her foster mother Miss Josie, her ho friend Beryl, and her boyfriend Eljay. Peter Otto Chotjewitz, The Thirty Years Peace. James Clavell (1924-94), Noble House; 1963 Hong Kong. Jackie Collins (1937-2015), Chances; Lucky Santangelo, the "dangerously beautiful" daughter of gangster Gino Santangelo. Laurie Colwin (1944-92), The Lone Pilgrim (short stories); the theme of first love. Richard Condon (1915-96), The Entwining. Robin Cook (1940-), Brain. Robert Coover (1932-), Spanking the Maid; novel for spanking fetishists. Bernard Cornwell, Sharpe's Eagle: Richard Sharpe and the Talavera Campaign, July, 1809. Harry Crews (1935-), The Enthusiast. John Crowley (1942-), Little, Big; or, The Fairies' Parliament; leans on deceased British occult historian Dame Frances Amelia Yates (1899-1981). E.V. Cunningham (Howard Fast) (1914-2003), The Case of the Sliding Pool; Masao Masuto #4. Guy Davenport (1927-2005), Eclogues: Eight Stories; Trois Caprices (short stories). Robertson Davies (1913-95), The Rebel Angels; first in the Cornish Trilogy ("What's Bred in the Bone", "The Lyre of Orpheus"). Len Deighton (1929-), XPD; "expedient demise". Samuel R. Delany (1942-), Distant Stars (short stories). Gordon R. Dickson, Lost Dorsal. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), Neighboring Lives; pub. under alias Charles Naylor; set in Chelsea, London. Allen Drury (1918-98), The Hill of Summer; new U.S. pres. Hamilton Delbacher vs. Soviet PM Yuri Serapin. James Ellroy (1948-), Brown's Requiem (first novel); mysterious caddie Fat Dog Baker hires LA-based detective Fritz Brown to spy on his sister Jane and her sugar daddy Sol Kupferman, ending up attending a crooked golf tournament. Paul Emil Erdman (1932-2007), The Last Days of America. Philip Jose Farmer (1918-2009), The Unreasoning Mask. Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Legacy. Jonathan Fast (1948-), The Beast. Margaret Forster (1938-), Marital Rites. John Fowles (1926-), Mantissa. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), One Damn Thing After Another (Arlette) (Van der Valk #12); Wolfnight (Henri Castang #6). Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), Agua Quemada (Burnt Water); 4 novellas about Mexico City. Alan Furst (1941-), The Paris Drop (May); The Caribbean Account. Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893-1973), Le Bizze del Capitano in Congedo e Altri Racconti (posth.). John Gardner (1933-82), The Art of Living and Other Stories (short stories). Ellen Gilchrist (1935-), In the Land of Dreamy Dreams (short stories) (debut). Nadine Gordimer (1923-), July's People; a black revolt in South Africa puts whites on the run, incl. Maureen and Bamford Smales and their former servant July. Caroline Gordon, The Collected Stories. Mary Catherine Gordon (1949-), The Company of Women; Father Cyprian and Felicitas Taylor, who is attracted to his magnetic personality; "Felicitas Maria Taylor was called after the one virgin martyr whose name contained some hope for ordinary human happiness..." Winston Graham (1908-2003), The Stranger from the Sea; Poldark Saga #8. Alasdair Gray (1934-), Lanark: A Life in Four Books (first novel); Duncan Thaw; #1 Scottish novel of the last half of the 20th cent.? Joanne Greenberg (1932-), A Season of Delight. Peter Handke (1942-), Child Story. Thomas Harris (1940-), Red Dragon; serial killers Francis "the Tooth Fairy" Dolarhyde and Dr. Hannibal "the Cannibal" Lecter. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Warlock; John Lundgren gets new boss Dr. Rabun and begins battling poachers in the haunted wilderness of N Mich. while spying on his boss' wife and son in Key West. Mark Helprin (1947-), Ellis Island and Other Stories. Michel Henry (1922-2002), Le Fils du Roi (The Son of the King); locked up in a mental hospital. George V. Higgins (1939-99), The Rat on Fire; slumlord pays Jimmy and Leo to torch his bldgs. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), The Black House (short stories). Sandra Hochman (1936-), Playing Tahoe. John Irving (1942-), The Hotel New Hampshire; hotel proprietors Win and Mary Berry of Dairy, N.Y. and their five children John (narrator), Frank (gay), Franny, Lilly, and Egg; filmed in 1974 starring Beau Bridges. Rona Jaffe (1931-2005), Mazes and Monsters; a D&D type game turns into violence and attempted suicide. Richard Jessup (1925-82), Threat (last novel). Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81), A Bonfire (last novel). Gayl Jones (1949-), Song for Anninho (debut). Ismail Kadare (1936-), The Palace of Dreams; satire of Commie Albania, which bans it. Molly Keane (1905-96), Good Behaviour; the sex-obsessed Anglo-Irish St. Charles family. Elias Khoury (1948-), City Gates. Stephen King (1947-), Cujo; a rabid St. Bernard in Castle Rock, Maine. Fletcher Knebel (1911-93), Crossing in Berlin. Emma Lathen, Green Grow the Dollars; John Putnam Thatcher #19. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Split Images. Ira Levin (1929-2007), Break a Leg: A Comedy in Two Acts. Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), The War of the End of the World; the 1897 War of the Canudos in Brazil starring Antonio Vicente Mendes Macel, AKA O Conselheiro. Graham Lord (1943-), The Nostradamus Horoscope. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Arabian Nights and Days; the day following the Thousand and One Nights; Wedding Song; unknown playwright Abbas Karam Younis is implicated in the death of his sick wife then vanishes; "Abbas could never betray his mother. He may have scorned everything else, but not my love. Love is stronger than evil itself"; "A lay is just a play. Nothing more. Otherwise the law would have the right to put ninety percent of our authors in the prisoner's dock." Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1927-2014), Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Bobbie Ann Mason (1940-), Shiloh and Other Stories (debut). Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), The Buck Passes Flynn; police inspector Francis Xavier Flynn chases somebody trying to wreck the U.S. economy by giving away money; Fletch and the Widow Bradley. Leonard Michaels, The Men's Club. Patrick Modiano (1945-), Memory Lane. Brian Moore (1921-99), The Temptation of Eileen Hughes; innocent Northern Irish girl is chased by her boss Bernard McAuley, who just wants a platonic relationship. Toni Morrison (1931-2019), Tar Baby; white French art historian hooks up with black upper middle class model Jadine Childs,who has no affinity with the Afro-Am. heritage. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Rumpole for the Defence (Dec. 31); Regina v. Rumpole. Nicholas Mosley (1923-), Serpent. Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), Feelings Have Changed (Oct.). John Treadwell Nichols (1940-), The Nirvana Blues; New Mexico Trilogy #3. Francois Nourissier (1927-), L'Empire des Nuages (The Empire of Clouds). Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Angel of Light; govt. minister Maurice Halleck, a direct descendent of martyr John Brownis is accused of wrongdoing then dies in a car accident, causing his children Kirsten and Owen to try to clear his name and avenge his murder. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), The Ionian Mission; Aubrey-Maturin #8. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), A Savage Place; Spenser #8; Spenser works as a bodyguard for reporter Candy Sloan in Hollywood. Ralph Peters (1952-), Bravo Romeo (first novel); leftist radicals in Germany. David Plante (1940-), The Country; Francoeur Family Trilogy #2. Frederik Pohl (1919-), The Cool War; about a world reliant on solar power. Reynolds Price (1933-), The Source of Light. Francine Prose (1947-), Household Saints; the Santangelos in New York's Little Italy in the 1950s; filmed in 1993 by Nancy Savoca. James Purdy (1914-2009), Mourners Below (June 15); #2 in the Sleepers in Moon-Crowded Valleys Trilogy (begun 1970). Mary Renault (1905-83), Funeral Games; Alexander the Great's successor generals. Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-2008), Djinn (Le Rendez-vous); narrator Simon Lecoeur introduces the reader to elements of French grammar in a textbook fashion. Nora Roberts (1950-), Irish Thoroughbred (first novel) (Jan.); she goes on to pub. over 175 romance novels and sell 300M copies. Marilynne Robinson, Housekeeping (first novel). Philip Roth (1933-2018), Zuckerman Unbound; sequel to "The Ghost Writer", about Nathan Zuckerman, who gets flack for pub. a controversial novel a la Portnoy's Complaint. Salman Rushdie (1947-), Midnight's Children; India's struggle to gain independence from Britain; Saleem Sinai is born at the exact moment. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Le Femme Fardee (The Painted Lady); Musiques de Scene (short stories). Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Third Deadly Sin. Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88), Cabrera. Thomas Savage (1915-), Her Side of It. Maurice Sendak (1928-), Outside Over There; young Ida has to rescue her baby sister who has been kidnapped by goblins, blowing her wonder horn and donning her mother's yellow rain cloak, then exiting the window backwards and entering you know what. Luigi Serafini (1949-), Codex Seraphinianus; illustrated encyclopedia of imaginary things. Michael Shaara (1928-88), The Noah Conspiracy. Irwin Shaw (1913-84), Bread Upon the Waters; Manhattan school teacher Allen Strand. Robert Joseph Shea (1933-94), Shike. Alix Kates Shulman (1932-), On the Stroll. Anne Rivers Siddons (1936-), Fox's Earth. Leslie Marmon Silko (1948-), Storyteller (short stories). Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), The Visitors; about giant black boxes that land on Earth and eat trees. Dorothy Simpson, The Night She Died; introduces Inspector Luke Thanet. Jane Smiley (1949-), At Paradise Gate. Dave Smith (1942-), Onliness (first novel). Lee Smith (1944-), Cakewalk (short stories). Martin Cruz Smith (1942-), Gorky Park; bestseller introducing Soviet homicide detective Arkady Renko, who finds a corpse on the right bank of the Moscow River; filmed in 1983. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Crystal Vision. Muriel Spark (1918-2006), Loitering with Intent; wannabe novelist Fleur Talbot sees his employer Sir Quentin Oliver get hold of his novel, after which its scenes begin coming true. Elizabeth Spencer (1921-), Marilee (short stories). Danielle Steel (1947-), To Love Again; Remembrance; Loving; Bettina Daniels' famous author father dies and leaves her penniless. George Steiner (1929-), The Portage to San Cristobal of A.H.; Jewish Nazi hunters find Adolf Hitler alive in the Amazon jungle. Robert Stone (1937-), A Flag for Sunrise; ex-CIA operative in a Central Am. country is amused by Yankees who think they can tell another country how to modernize. Rosemary Sutcliff (1920-92), The Sword and the Circle; Arthurian Trilogy #1; The Road to Camlann; Arthurian Trilogy #3. Graham Swift (1949-), Shuttlecock; Prentis, senior clerk in the Dead Crimes Dept. of the London police suspects his boss Quinn of being involved in the mental breakdown of his spy father Shuttlecock. Walter Tevis (1928-81), Far from Home (short stories). Paul Theroux (1941-), The Mosquito Coast; Yankee inventor Ally Fox tries to bring his ice machine to a Central Am. jungle village. Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), The White Hotel; half-Jewish opera singer Frau Anna G (Lisa Erdman)undergoes psychoanalysis by Freud in 1919; uses material from Anatoly Kuznetsov's "Babi Yar". Roderick Thorp (1936-99), Jenny and Barnum: A Novel of Love. Rose Tremain (1943-), The Cupboard; 87-y.-o. Erica March decides to die in a cupboard. John Updike (1932-2009), Rabbit is Rich (Pulitzer Prize); Rabbit Angstrom #3; his son Nelson gets uppity. Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), Caiman (Caimán) Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Creation; 5th cent. B.C.E. Persian diplomat Cyrus Spitama, grandson of Zoroaster. Vernor Vinge (1944-), True Names; early cyberspace novel. Peter De Vries (1910-93), Sauce for the Goose (Sept.); feminist journalist goes undercover to bait male chauvinism in a male publisher, then falls for him. Alice Walker (1944-), You Can't Keep a Good Woman Down (short stories). Joseph Wambaugh (1937-), The Glitter Dome; his last LAPD novel until 2006. Morris L. West (1916-99), The Clowns of God; Pope Gregory XVII receives a revelation that the world is about to end. John Edgar Wideman (1941-), Hiding Place; Damballah; #1 and #2 in the Homewood Trilogy. Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), Who Was Oswald Fish? Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Masks of the Illuminati; Sir John Babcock and his drinking buddies James Joyce and Albert Einstein take it on. Tobias Wolff (1945-), In the Garden of the North American Martyrs (Hunters in the Snow (short stories) (debut). Helen Yglesias (1915-2008), Sweetsir; a mean New England man's 5th wife decides to stab him. Sol Yurick (1925-2013), Richard A. Roger Zelazny (1937-95), Madwand; sequel to "Changeling" (1980); The Changing Land; about a mixed-race elf-human who is turned into a statue by evil sorcerer Jelerak. Births: Am. 6'4" football QB (New York Giants #?) Elisha Nelson "Eli" Manning on Jan. 3 in New Orleans, La.; brother of Peyton Manning (1976-). Japanese "Naoko in Norwegian Wood", "Mako Mori in Pacific Rim" actress Rinko (Yuriko) Kikuchi on Jan. 6 in Hadano, Kanagawa. Am. "Kris Furillo in Wildfire" actress Genevieve Cortese on Jan. 8 in San Francisco, Calif. Canadian baseball pitcher (lefty) (Colo. Rockies #26, 2004-) Jeffrey William "Jeff" Francis on Jan. 8 in North Delta, B.C. Am. businessman (Jewish) James Corey Kushner on Jan. 10 in New York City; educated at Harvard U., and NYU; husband (2009-) of Ivanka Trump (1981-). British "Superstar" R&B singer-actress (black) Jamelia Niela Davis on Jan. 11 in Smethwick, West Midlands; Zimbabwean father, Jamaican mother. Am. 5'4" boxer ("the Real Million Dollar Baby") Maureen Carranza Shea on Jan. 11 in Bronx, N.Y.; of Irish and Mexican descent. Am. rapper-producer Pitbull (Armando Christian Perez) (Pérez) on Jan. 15 in Miami, Fla. Am. rock guitarist Nicholas "Nick" Valensi (Strokes) on Jan. 16 in New York City; Tunisian father, French mother. Am singer (black) Ray J (Willie Ray Norwood Jr.) on Jan. 17 in McComb, Miss.; brother of Brandy (1979-). Am. "Fallin'" R&B singer-actress (black) Alicia Keys (Alicia Augello Cook) on Jan. 25 in Manhattan, N.Y.; African-Am. father, white Scottish-Irish-Italian descent mother. Irish "Captain Killian Hook Jones in Once Upon a Time" actor Colin Arthur O'Donoghue on Jan. 26 Drogheda, County Louth; cousin of Harry O'Donoghue (1954-). Venezuelan conductor Gustavo Adolfo Dudamel Ramirez on Jan. 26 in Barquisimeto, Lara. Am. "Frodo Baggins in Lord of the Rings" actor Elijah Jordan Wood on Jan. 28 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Am. blues guitarist-singer Jonny Lang (Jon Gordon Langseth Jr.) on Jan. 29 in Fargo, N.D.; of Norwegian descent. Am. "SexyBack", "Cry Me a River", "Rock Your Body" singer-songwriter-producer Justin Randall Timberlake ('N Sync) on Jan. 31 in Memphis, Tenn. Saudi 9/11 hijacker Salem al-Hazmi (d. 2001) on Feb. 2 in Mecca. Am. "Audrey Parker in Haven" actress Emily Rose on Feb. 2 in Renton, Wash.; educated at UCLA, and Vanguard U. of Southern Calif. Am. "Suzanne 'Crazy Eyes' Warren in Orange Is the New Black" actress (black) Uzoamaka Nwanneka "Uzo" Aduba on Feb. 10 in Boston, Mass.; Nigerian Igbo immigrant parents; grows up in Medfield, Mass.; educated at Boston U. Am. "Dilemma" R&B singer (black) Kelendria Trene "Kelly" Rowland (Destiny's Child) on Feb. 11 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. "Philipe Petit in The Walk", "Edward Snowden in Snowden", "Tommy Solomon in 3rd Rock from the Sun" actor-dir. (Jewish) Joseph Leonard Gordon-Levitt on Feb. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at Columbia U.; maternal grandson of Michael Gordon (1909-93). Am. heiress Paris Whitney Hilton on Feb. 17 in New York City; sister of Nicky Hilton (1983-). Russian-Am. 6'9" basketball player (Utah Jazz #47, 2001-2011) Andrei Gennadyevich "AK-47" Kirilenko on Feb. 18 in Izhevsk, Russia; becomes U.S. citizen in Jan. 2011. Venezuelan "Maria DeLuca in Roswell", "Vanessa in Traffic" actress-musician Majandra (Maria Alejandra) Delfino on Feb. 20 in Caracas; half-Cuban. Am. singer-songwriter-producer-actor Joshua Winslow "Josh" Groban on Feb. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif.; #1-selling artist in the U.S. (22M in the U.S. and 25M worldwide). Am. "Kate Connor in Terminator Salvation", "Ivy Elizabeth Walker in The Village", "Claire Dearing in Jurassic World" actress Bryce Dallas Howard on Mar. 2 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Ron Howard (1954-) and Cheryl Howard (1953-). Am. "10 Things I Hate About You" actress Julia O'Hara Stiles on Mar. 28 in New York City. Am. "Glinda in Wicked" actress Megan Kathleen Hilty on Mar. 29 in Bellevue, Wash. Am. "Michelle Bauer Santos in Guiding Light", "Haley James Scott in One Tree Hill" singer-actress Bethany Joy Galeotti (Lenz) on Apr. 2 in Hollywood, Fla. Canadian "John Carter" actor Taylor Kitsch on Apr. 8 in Kelowna, B.C. U.S. Rep. (D-Hawaii) (2013-) Tulsi (Hindi "basil") Gabbard on Apr. 12 in Leloaloa, Am. Samoa; Samoan-Euro descent father, Hindu mother from Decatur, Ind.; emigrates to Hawaii at age 2; educated at Hawaii Pacific U.; disciple of Wai Lana (Hui Lan Zhang). Am. "Lauren in Home Improvement" actress Courtney Peldon on Apr. 13 in New York City; sister of Ashley Peldon (1984-). Canadian "Anakin Skywalker and Darth Vader in Star Wars" actor Hayden Christensen on Apr. 19 in Vancouver, B.C. Colombian "Maria Full of Grace" actress Catalina Sandino Moreno on Apr. 19 in Bogota. Am. 5'10" ootball safety (Pittsburgh Steelers #43, 2003-14) Troy Aumua Polamalu on Apr. 19 in Garden Grove, Calif.; educated at USC. Am. "X5-452 Max Guevara in Dark Angel", "Sue Storm in Fantastic Four", "Nancy Callahan in Sin City" actress Jessica Marie Alba on Apr. 28 in Pomona, Calif.; Mexican-Am. father, French-Danish mother. English "Smokers Outside the Hospital Doors", "Munich" singer-musician Thomas Michael Henry "Tom" Smith (Editors) on Apr. 29 in Stroud, Gloucestershire. British "Rajesh Koothrappali in The Big Bang Theory" actor Kunal Nayyar on Apr. 30 in London; of Indian descent; educated at Temple U., and U. of Portland. Am. singer-songwriter Justin DeYarmond Edison Vernon (Bon Iver) on Apr. 30 in Eau Claire, Wisc. English R&B singer-songwriter (black) Craig Ashley David on May 5 in Southampton, Hampshire; Grenadian father, Jewish English mother. Maltese-Am. "Topanga Lawrence in Boy Meets World" actress Danielle Christine Fishel on May 5 in Mesa, Ariz. Am. Midwest Pipe Bomber Lucas John Helder on May 5 in in Pine Island, Minn.; educated at the U. of Wisc. Canadian "Oliver Queen in Green Arrow" actor Stephen Adam Amell on May 8 in Toronto, Ont. Am. "Freddie Mercury in Bohemian Rhapsody", "Elliot Alderson in Mr. Robot" actor (Coptic Orthodox) Rami Said Malek on May 12; Egyptian immigrant parents with Greek ancestry; identical twin brother is named Sami; emigrates to the U.S. in 1978; educated at the U. of Evansville. Australian "Jade/Amitiel in Gabriel" actress Samantha C. Noble on May 15 in Adelaide, South Australia; daughter of John Noble (1948-). Am. "Meadow Soprano in The Sopranos" actress Jamie-Lynn Sigler (nee DiScala) on May 15 in Queens, N.Y.; Jewish-Am. father, Cuban mother. German actress Cosma Shiva Hagen on May 17 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Nina Hagen (1955-). Am. "Fight Song" singer-songwriter (Jewish) Rachel Ashley Platten On May 20 in New York City; Irish descent mother; educated at Trinity College. Am. Olympic swimmer (black) Anthony Lee Ervin on May 26 in Valencia, Calif.; African-Native Am. father, white Jewish mother; first of African-Am. descent to make the U.S. Olympic swimming team (2000). Am. singer-pianist Isaac Edward Slade (The Fray) on May 26 in Denver, Colo.; educated at the U. of Colo. Denver. Am. actor-composer Devendra Banhart on May 30 in Houston, Tex.; grows up in Caracas, Venezuela. Am. "Karl Martin in Lost", "Mortiz Stiefel in Spring Awakening" actor (Jewish) Blake Warren Bashoff on May 30 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. "Inside Amy Schumer", "The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo" comedian-actress-writer-producer (Jewish) Amy Beth Schumer on June 1 in Manhattan, N.Y.; educated at Towson U. Am. Obama speechwriter Jonathan "Jon" Favreau on June 2 in Winchester, Mass.; educated at College of the Holy Cross; not to be confused with actor Jon Favreau (1966-). Am. "Jack Hammer/Weasel in Deadpool" actor-dir. Todd Joseph "T.J." Miller on June 4 in Denver, Colo.; educated at George Washington U. Canadian rock musician Sebastien Alexander "Seb" Lefebvre (Pepin) (Simple Plan) on June 5 in Quebec. Am. 5'7-1/2" tennis player-model Anna Sergeyevna Kournikova on June 7 in Moscow, Russia. Am. "The Secret World of Alex Mack" actress Larisa Romanova Oleynik on June 7 in Santa Clara County, Calif. Israeli-Am. 5'3" "Mathilda in The Professional", "Queen Amidala in Star Wars" actor-producer (Jewish) (vegetarian) Natalie Portman (Hershlag) on June 9 in Israel; only child of Polish Israeli doctor father Avner (1951-) and Russian-Austrian Am. artist mother Shelley (1952-); great-grandparents died in Auschwitz; grows up in Washington, D.C. and Syosset, N.Y.; educated at Harvard U.; discovered in a pizza parlor. English sitar player Anoushka Shankar on June 9 in London; daughter of Ravi Shankar (1920-); half-sister of Norah Jones (1979-). Am. "Aaron Samuels in Mean Girls" actor (gay) Jonathan D. Bennett on June 10 in Rossford, Ohio. Am. "Captain America", "Human Torch in Fantastic Four" actor (Roman Catholic) Christopher Robert "Chris" Evans on June 13 in Boston, Mass.; Italian-Irish descent mother; grows up in Sudbury, Mass.; brother of Scott Evans (1983-); educated at NYU. Am. 6'6"football nose tackle (black) (Tennessee Titans, 2002-8) (Washington Redskins, 2009-) Albert Haynesworth III on June 17 in Hartsville, S.C.; educated at the U. of Tenn. Am. animal rights activist (founder of Direct Action Everywhere) Wayne Hsiung on June 18 in Ind.; Chinese immigrant parents; educated at the U. of Chicago. Am. rock musician (Mormon) Brandon Richard Flowers (The Killers) on June 21 in Henderson (near Las Vegas), Nev. Am. "Proust Was a Neuroscientist" journalist-writer (Jewish) Jonah Richard Lehrer on June 25 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at Columbia U., and Oxford U. French "A Prophet" actor Tahar Rahim on July 4 in Belfort. Am. 6'2" football cornerback (Oakland Raiders #21, 2003-) (black) Nnamdi Asomugha (pr. AH-sum-wah) on July 6 in Lafayette, La.; educated at UCB. Serbian-Australian "Elizabeth Lizzie Needham in Instinct" actress Bojana Novakovic on July 12 in Belgrade; emigrates to Australia in 1988. Palestinian-Am. comedian (Muslim) Mohammed "Mo" Amer on July 24 in Kuwait. Am. 5'9" soccer goalie Hope Amelia Solo on July 30 in Richland, Wash.; educated at the U. of Wash. Am. Quora founder Charlie Cheever on Aug. 2 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at Harvard U.; collaborator of Adam D'Angelo (1984-). Am. R&B singer-actor (black) Marques Houston on Aug. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Amy Jessup in Fringe", "Rachel Zane in Suits" actress-model (black) Rachel Meghan Markle, Duchess of Sussex on Aug. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif.; grows up in Hollywood, Calif.; white Episcopalian father Thomas Markle Sr. (1945-), black Protestant mother Doria Loyce Ragland (1956-); educated at Northwestern U.; father is a Hollywood lighting dir. and a descendant of King Edward III, hence a distant relation of Prince Harry. Am. rapper Travis Lazarus "Travie" McCoy (Gym Class Heroes) on Aug. 6 in Geneva, N.Y. Swiss 6'1" tennis player Roger Federer on Aug. 8 in Basel. English "Prince Caspian in Narnia" actor Benjamin "Ben" Barnes on Aug. 20 in London. Am. 6'5" Facebook co-founders and Olympic rowers Tyler Howard Winklevoss and Cameron Howard Winklevoss on Aug. 21 in Southampton, N.Y.; educated at Harvard U. Am. "Summer Roberts in The O.C." actress Rachel Sarah Bilson on Aug. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Barefoot Blue Jean Night" country singer-songwriter Joshua Ryan "Jake" Owen on Aug. 28 in Winter Haven, Fla.; fraternal twin brother Jarrod; educated at Fla. State U. Canadian porno actress Lanny (Lannie) Barby on Aug. 29 in Montreal, Quebec. Am. "Crazy in Love", "Baby Boy" singer-actress-model (black) Beyonce (Beyoncé) Giselle Knowles (Destiny's Child) on Sept. 4 in Houston, Tex.; African-Am. father; mother Tina Dereon (Deréon) Beyince is of French and Cherokee descent; sister of Solange (1986-). Australian gang rapist (Muslim) Bilal Skaf on Sept. 14 in Sydney. Chinese "My Fair Princess", "Lost in Beijing" actress Fan Bingbing on Sept. 16 in Qingdao, Shandong. Am. "Rory gilmore in Gilmore Girls" actress Kimberly Alexis Bledel on Sept. 16 in Houston, Tex.; wife (2014-) of Vincent Kartheiser (1979-). Am. actress-dancer Jill Latiano on Sept. 17 in Manhattan, N.Y.; wife (2009-) of Glenn Howerton (1976-). Am. "The Simple Life" celeb Nicole Camille Richie (Escovedo) on Sept. 21 in Berkeley, Calif.; father Peter Michael Escovedo is a member of Lionel Richie's band, and mother Brenda is backstage asst.; moves in with Lionel and wife Brenda at age 3, and is adopted at age 9; godfathers are Quincy Jones and Michael Jackson; calls herself "a mix of everything". German-English singer Cascada (Natalie Christine Horler) on Sept. 23 in Bonn, West Germany; English parents. Am. R&B singer-songwriter (black) Christina Milian (Christine Flores) on Sept. 26 in Jersey City, N.J. Am. baseball pitcher (Colo. Rockies, 2005-) Michael Anthony "Mike" Esposito on Sept. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Joe Esposito (1948-). Am. tennis player (black) Serena Jameka Ross Evelyn Williams on Sept. 26 in Saginaw, Mich.; younger sister of Venus Williams (1980-). Am. Olympic gold medal gymnast Dominique Helena "Domi" Moceanu on Sept. 30 in Holywood, Calif.; of Romanian descent. U.S. Rep. (D-Minn.) (2019-) (black) (Sunni Muslim) Ilhan Abdullahi Omar on Oct. 4 in Mogadishu, Somalia; grows up in Baydhabo, Somalia; emigrates to the U.S. in 19915 educated at North Dakota State U.; first Somali-Am., one of first two Muslim women, and first black U.S. rep from Minn. in Congress. Canadian 6'1" hockey player (Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricans, Los Angeles Kings, Washington Capitals) Justin Williams on Oct. 4 in Cobourg, Ont. Russian 5'11" tennis player Elena Viatcheslavovna Dementieva on Oct. 15 in Moscow. Am. 5'8" boxer-martial artist ("The Preacher's Daughter") Holly Holm on Oct. 17 in Albuquerque, N.M.; educated at the U. of N.M. French Nat. Front conservative politician (gay) Florian Philippot on Oct. 24 in Croix, Nord; grows up in Bondues, Lille. Am. "Nica Pierce in Curse/Cult of Chucky" actress Fiona Dourif on Oct. 30 in Woodstock, N.Y.; daughter of Brad Dourif (1950-). Am. musician Frank Anthony Thomas Iero Jr. (My Chemical Romance) on Oct. 31 in Belleville, N.J. Am. model-businesswoman Ivanka Maria Trump on Oct. 31 in New York City; daughter of Donald Trump (1946-) and Ivana Trump (1949-); sister of Donald Trump Jr. (1977-) and Eric Trump (1984-). Am. "Badger in Breaking Bad" actor Matthew L. "Matt" Jones on Nov. 1 in Sacramento, Calif. Am. "Cassie Newton in Buffy the Vampire Slayer", "Jane in Zoe, Duncan, Jack and Jane" actress Azura Skye (Azura Dawn Storozynski) on Nov. 8 in Northridge, Calif. Am. "Beth Pearson in This is Us" actress (black) Susan Kelechi (Igbo "Thank God") Watson on Nov. 11 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Jamaican immigrant parents; educated at Howard U. Am. 5'9" golfer William Chesney "Chez" Reavie on Nov. 12 in Wichita, Kan.; educated at Arizona State U. Am. fraternal First Twins Jenna Welch Bush Hager and Barbara Pierce Bush ("Twinkle and Turquoise" to the Secret Service) on Nov. 25 in Dallas. Tex.; daughters of Pres. George W. Bush (1946-) and Laura Bush (1946-); Jenna graduates from the U. of Texas, and Barbara from Yale U. Russian soccer player Ruslan Valeryevich Pimenov on Nov. 25 in Moscow; father of Kristina Pimenova (2005-). English "Take Me Away" singer-songwriter Natasha Anne Bedingfield on Nov. 26 in London. Am. "...Baby One More Time", "Oops!... I Did It Again", "Womanizer" pop singer Britney Jean Spears on Dec. 2 in McComb, Miss.; raised in Kentwood, La.; sister of Jamie Lynn Spears (1991-); wife (2004-7) of Kevin Federline (1978-); mother of Sean Preston Federline (2005-); sells 100M+ records. Am. "Alexander Rozhenko in ST: TNG", "Andy Keaton in Family Ties" actor Brian Eric Bonsall on Dec. 3 in Torrance, Calif. Am. 6'5" football QB (San Diego Chargers #17, 2004-) Philip Rivers on Dec. 8 in Decatur, Ala. Am. 5'4" bowler Melissa "Missy" Parkin (nee Bellinder) on Dec. 9 in Laguna Hills, Calif.; educated at Cal State Fullerton. Am. "Casey Cooper MacGillis in Major Dad" actress Chelsea Hertford on Dec. 13. Am. "Jane Margolis in Breaking Bad" actress Krysten Alyce Ritter on Dec. 16 in Bloomsburg, Penn. Am. "Genie in a Bottle", "What a Girl Wants" singer Christina Maria Aguilera on Dec. 18 in Staten Island, N.Y. Am. "Jack Twist in Brokeback Mountain" actor Jacob Benjamin "Jake" Gyllenhaal ' on Dec. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif; son of Stephen Gyllenhaal (1949-) and Naomi Foner (1946-). Am. Olympic swimmer (black) Maritza "Ritz" Correia on Dec. 23 in San Juan, Puerto Rico; first Puerto Rican of African descent on the U.S. Olympic swimming team; first African-Am. to set a U.S. and world swimming record. Australian "Claire Littleton in Lost" actress Emilie de Ravin on Dec. 27 in Mount Eliza, Victoria. Japanese figure skater Shizuka Arakawa on Dec. 29 in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Am. "Craigslistlieder" singer-songwriter (Jewish) Gabriel Kahane on ? in Venice Beach, Calif.; son of Jeffrey Kahane (1956-); educated at Brown U. Am. porno actress Haley Paige (Maryan Irene Haley) (d. 2007) on Dec. 30 in Mexico. Deaths: Am. ACLU founder Roger Nash Baldwin (b. 1884) on Aug. 26. Am. physicist Harvey Fletcher (b. 1884) on July 23 in Provo, Utah. Am. "Smith and Dale" comedian Joe Smith (b. 1884) on Feb. 22 in Englewood, N.J. Am. historian-philosopher Will Durant (b. 1885) on Nov. 7 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure); dies two weeks after his wife Ariel: "History repeats itself in the large because human nature changes with geological leisureliness"; "Most history is guessing, and the rest is prejudice." Am. "Sands of Iwo Jima" film dir. Allan Dwan (b. 1885) on Dec. 28 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (stroke on Nov. 12). German-born Am. chess master Edward Lasker (b. 1885) on Mar. 25 in New York City. Am. tampon inventor Earle Haas (b. 1888). Canadian hockey player Jeff Malone (b. 1888). Am. New York City planner Robert Moses (b. 1888) on July 29 in West Islip, N.Y. (heart failure): "Cities are for traffic"; "If the ends don't justify the means, what does?" Am. actor Glenn Anders (b. 1889) on Oct. 26 in Englewood, N.J. English "National Velvet", "The Chalk Garden" novelist-playwright Enid Bagnold (b. 1889) on Mar. 31 in St. John's Wood, London. Am. actress Beulah Bondi (b. 1889) on Jan. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. (pulmonary failure after tripping over her cat and breaking ribs). French "Napoleon", "J'Accuse" dir. Abel Gance (b. 1889) on Nov. 10 in Paris (pulmonary edema). Am. Knott's Berry Farm founder Walter Knott (b. 1889) on Dec. 3. Am. "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" writer Anita Loos (b. 1889) on Aug. 18 in New York City. Am. "Reader's Digest" co-founder DeWitt Wallace (b. 1889) on Mar. 30 in Mt. Kisco, N.Y. (pneumonia) - how many issues was that? Italian PM #29 (1945) Ferruccio Parri (b. 1890) on Dec. 8 in Rome. Am. "Horace Vandergelder in The Matchmaker" actor Loring B. Smith the Great (b. 1890) on July 8 in Fairfield, Conn. Am. Douglas Aircraft Co. founder Donald Wills Douglas Sr. (b. 1892) on Feb. 1 in Palm Springs, Calif. English novelist David Garnett (b. 1892) on Feb. 17 in Chateau de Charry, Montcuq (near Cahors), France. Am. "Old Man Nathan Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird" actor Richard Hale (b. 1892) on May 18 in Northridge, Calif. (heart failure). British Capt. Gordon Charles Steele (b. 1892) on Jan. 4 in Winkleigh, Devon. Am. journalist-explorer Lowell Thomas (b. 1892) on Aug. 29 in Pawling, N.Y. (heart attack). U.S. gen. Omar N. Bradley (b. 1893) on Apr. 8 in New York City (heart failure); last surviving U.S. 5-star gen.; in 1981 the new Bradley Fighting Vehicle, a replacement for the 1960s M113 Armored Personnel Carrier is named after him. English actress Isobel Elsom (b. 1893) on Jan. 12 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Japanese feminist politician Fusae Ichikawa (b. 1893) on Feb. 11. Am. "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" novelist Anita Loos (b. 1893) on Aug. 18 in New York City (heart attack). Chinese Communist leader Madame Sun Yat-sen (Chingling Soong) (b. 1893) on May 29 in Beijing dies after being admitted to the Chinese Communist Party and named the first (only?) honorary chairwoman of the People's Repub. of China on May 16. Am. chemist Harold Clayton Urey (b. 1893) on Jan. 5 in La Jolla, Calif. (heart failure). Am. "Chattanooga Choo Choo", "Jeepers Creepers", "That's Amore", "I Only Have Eyes For You", "You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby" songwriter-composer Harry Warren (b. 1893) on Sept. 22 in Los Angeles, Calif.; pub. 500+ songs for 56 feature films, which appear in 300+ films and 112 Warner Brothers Looney Tunes cartoons; "The familiarity of Harry Warren's songs is matched by the anonymity of the man" (William Zinsser). Am. composer Robert Russell Bennett (b. 1894) on Aug. 18 in New York City. Am. "In Abraham's Bosom" playwright Paul Eliot Green (b. 1894) on May 4 in Chapel Hill, N.C. Am. ambassador Donald R. Heath (b. 1894) on Oct. 15 in Orinda, Calif. Ukrainian-born Am. psychiatrist Leo Kanner (b. 1894) on Apr. 3 in Sykesville, Md. (heart failure). Am. "first Jane in Tarzan movies", "Barney Fife's landlady in The Andy Griffith Show", "Grandma Pyle in Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C." Enid Markey (b. 1894) on Nov. 15 in Bay Shore, N.Y. Romanian-born Am. astronomer Jerzy Neyman (b. 1894) on Aug. 5 in Oakland, Calif. Am. Knight-Ridder Inc. newspaper publisher John Shively Knight (b. 1894) on June 16 in Akron, Ohio (heart attack). Am. "Penhally" novelist Caroline Gordon (b. 1895) on Apr. 11 in San Cristobal, Mexico (surgery after stroke). Am. architect Wallace K. Harrison (b. 1895) on Dec. 9 in New York City; designed the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City; co-designer of the Lincoln Center in New York City. Am. Northrop Corp. founder John Knudsen Northrop (b. 1895) on Feb. 18. English actor Jack Warner (b. 1895) on May 24 in London (pneumonia). German-born Am. pshrink Fredric Wertham (b. 1895) on Nov. 18 in Kempton, Penn. Am. dancer Adele Astaire (b. 1896) on Jan. 25 in Tucson, Ariz. (stroke); sister-partner of Fred Astaire. Scottish "The Keys of the Kingdom" novelist A.J. Cronin (b. 1896) on Jan. 6 in Montreux, Switzerland (bronchitis). Am. actress-psychic Jean Dixon (b. 1896) on Feb. 12 in New York City; not to be confused with Am. psychic Jeane L. Dixon (1904-97). Am. composer-conductor Howard Hanson (b. 1896) on Feb. 26 in Rochester, N.Y. Am. "Over the Rainbow" songwriter Yip Harburg (b. 1896) on Mar. 4 in Hollywood, Calif.; dies in an auto accident on Sunset Blvd. Italian poet Eugenio Montale (b. 1896) on Sept. 12 in Milan (heart failure); 1975 Nobel Lit. Prize. Am. MCA founder Jules Stein (b. 1896) on Apr. 29 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure). Romanian-born Am. psychologist David Wechsler (b. 1896) on May 12. Danish-born Swedish actor Nils Asther (b. 1897) on Oct. 19 in Farsta. Norwegian chemist Odd Hassel (b. 1897) on May 11; 1969 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. costume designer Edith Head (b. 1897) on Oct. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. (bone marrow disease). Soviet economist Evsei Liberman (b. 1897) on Nov. 11 in Kharkiv. Am. opera soprano Rosa Ponselle (b. 1897) on May 25 in Baltimore, Md. English guru Paul Brunton (b. 1898) on July 27. French silent film dir. Rene Clair (b. 1898) on Mar. 15 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Am. historian Ariel Durant (b. 1898) on Oct. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif.; wife of Will Durant (1885-1981). Am. "Hollywood's Toastmaster General" entertainer George Jessel (b. 1898) on May 23 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Austrian "Rosa Klebb in From Russia with Love" actress-singer Lotte Lenya (b. 1898) on Nov. 27 in New York City (cancer). Am. "Willie Walters in The Bing Crosby Show" actor Frank McHugh (b. 1898) on Sept. 11 in Greenwich, Conn. Irish-born Am. New Thought minister Joseph Murphy (b. 1898) on Dec. 16 in Laguna Hills, Calif. English "Island in the Sun" cocktail-swigging novelist Alec Waugh (b. 1898) on Sept. 3: "The first duty of a wine is to be red. The second is to be a Burgundy"; "I am prepared to believe that a dry martini slightly impairs the palate, but think what it does for the soul." Russian-born Am. physicist Gregory Breit (b. 1899) on Sept. 11. Am. "Stardust" songwriter Hoagy Carmichael (b. 1899) on Dec. 27 near Palm Springs, Calif. (heart attack). Canadian "Little Big Man" actor Chief Dan George (b. 1899) on Sept. 23 in Vancouver, B.C. Am. TVA chmn. (1941-6) David E. Lilienthal (b. 1899) on Jan. 15 in New York City (heart attack): "A river has no politics." Am. "Boys Town", "Blue Hawaii" film dir. Norman Taurog (b. 1899) on Apr. 7 in Rancho Mirage, Calif. Am. Pan-Am co-founder Juan Trippe (b. 1899) on Apr. 3 in New York City. English historian Dame Frances Amelia Yates (b. 1899) on Sept. 29 in Surbiton, Surrey. Am. FDR pres. advisor Thomas G. Corcoran (b. 1900) on Dec. 6 in Washington, D.C. (pulmonary blood clot). German-born English chemist Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (b. 1900) on Nov. 22 in Oxford; 1953 Nobel Med. Prize. French actor-writer Jean Nohain (b. 1900) on Jan. 25 in Paris. Am. "E.M. Frimbo, World's Greatest Railroad Buff" New Yorker writer Rogers E.M. Whitaker (b. 1900) on May 11 in New York City (cancer). Am. "Ninotchka", "Hud", "Being There", "I Never Sang for My father" actor Melvyn Douglas (b. 1901) on Aug. 4 in New York City (cancer); won two Oscars, one Tony, and one Emmy. Dutch world chess champ #5 (1935-7) Max Euwe (b. 1901) on Nov. 26 in Amsterdam. Hungarian-born Am. psychologist George Katona (b. 1901) on June 18 in West Berlin, Gemany. French psychiatrist Jacques Lacan (b. 1901) on Sept. 9. British politician-diplomat Malcolm John MacDonald (b. 1901) on Jan. 11 in Maidstone, Kent. Am. civil rights leader and NAACP pres. (1964-77) Roy Wilkins (b. 1901) on Sept. 8 in New York City (kidney failure). Hungarian-born Am. architect Marcel Breuer (b. 1902) on July 1 in New York City; co-designed the Whitney Museum of Am. Art in New York City with Hamilton Smith. Am. writer Jonathan Worth Daniels (b. 1902) on Nov. 6 in Hilton Head, S.C. Am. actress Ann Harding (b. 1902) on Sept. 1 in Sherman Oaks, Calif. Am. gymnast Alfred Jochim (b. 1902). French-born Am. "Ben-Hur", "Mrs. Miniver", "The Best Years of Our Lives" dir. William Wyler (b. 1902) on July 27 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart attack). Am. historian Ray Allen Billington (b. 1903) on Mar. 7 in San Marino, Calif.; the Org. of Am. Historians (OAH) establishes the Ray Allen Billington Prize this year for the best book about Am. frontier history, incl. North Am., South Am., all post-1492 pioneer experiences, and comparisons between Am. frontiers and other around the world; the first award (1981) goes to John D. Unruh for "The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-60". Am. artist Louis Schanker (b. 1903) in Stamford, Conn. Am. anthropologist Carleton S. Coon (b. 1904) on June 3 in Gloucester, Mass. French-born Am. socialite Nicolas de Gunzburg (b. 1904) on Feb. 20 in New York City. Am. "Three Men on a Horse" playwright John Cecil Holm (b. 1904) on Oct. 24 in Westerly, R.I. Am. painter Vance Kirkland (b. 1904) in Denver, Colo. German physicist Walter Heitler (b. 1904) on Nov. 15 in Zollikon, Meilen, Switzerland. Am. "Joe Pendleton in Here Comes Mr. Jordan" actor Robert Montgomery (b. 1904) on Sept. 27 in New York City (cancer); his children Elizabeth Montgomery (1933-95) and Robert Montgomery Jr. (1936-2000) also die of cancer. Am. blues musician Tampa Red (b. 1904) on Mar. 19 in Chicago, Ill.; dies alcoholic and destitute. Am. NYT film critic (1940-67) Bosley Crowther (b. 1905) on Mar. 7 in Mt. Kisco, N.Y. (heart failure); known for panning Joan Crawford, "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962), "The Great Escape" (1963), and "Bonnie and Clyde" (1967), the last one getting him canned. Am. psychologist Harry Harlow (b. 1905) on Dec. 6 in Tucson, Ariz. Am. novelist Meyer Levin (b. 1905) on July 9 in Israel. Am. Manchester Union Leader publisher William Loeb (b. 1905) on Sept. 13 in Burlington, Mass. (cancer); known for calling Pres. Eisenhower "Dopey Dwight" and Pres. Ford "Gerald the Jerk". German Nazi industrial genius Albert Speer (b. 1905) on Sept. 1 in London (cerebral hemorrhage). English "The 7th Voyage of Sinbad", "Marplon in Star Trek" actor Torin Thatcher (b. 1905) on Mar. 4 in Thousand Oaks, Calif. Am. "The Snake Pit" novelist Mary Jane Ward (b. 1905) on Feb. 17 in Tucson, Ariz. Am. "Harvey" writer Mary Coyle Chase (b. 1906) on Oct. 20 in Denver, Colo.; dies in "the House that Harvey Built" (505 Circle Dr.); her tombstone is inscribed "Harvey". German-born Am. biophysicist Max Delbruck (b. 1906) on Mar. 9 in Pasadena, Calif.; 1969 Nobel Med. Prize. Italian basketball official Renato William Jones (b. 1906) on Apr. 22 in Munich, Germany. Am. auto racer Mauri Rose (b. 1906) on Jan. 1 in Royal Oak, Mich. Am. "Manny Rosen in The Poseidon Adventure" actor Jack Albertson (b. 1907) on Nov. 25 in Hollywood, Calif. (cancer). Am. painter Ilya Bolotowsky (b. 1907). Swedish actress-swinger Zarah Leander (b. 1907) on June 23 in Stockholm (stroke). English actress-singer Jessie Matthews (b. 1907) on Aug. 19 in Eastcote, London (cancer). Am. "Frosty the Snowman" songwriter Steve Edward Nelson (b. 1907) on Nov. 23. U.S. U.N. ambassador #9 (1969-71) Charles Woodruff Yost (b. 1907) on May 21 in Washington, D.C. (cancer). Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa (b. 1907) on Sept. 8/9 in Kyoto (pneumonia); 1949 Nobel Physics Prize. Venezuelan pres. (1945-8, 1954-64) Romulo Betancourt (b. 1908) on Sept. 28 in New York City; Pres. Reagan expresses sorrow at his death. Ukrainian nationalist leader Taras Bulba-Borovets (b. 1908) on May 15 in Toronto, Canada. English "M in James Bond 007" actor Bernard Lee (b. 1908) on Jan. 16 in London (stomach cancer). Am. writer Hildegarde Dolson Lockridge (b. 1908) on Jan. 15 in Columbus, N.C.; her writer hubby Richard Orson Lockridge dies next year. Am. actor Arthur O'Connell (b. 1908) on May 18 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "The Human Comedy" novelist William Saroyan (b. 1908) on May 18 in Fresno, Calif. (cancer): "The greatest happiness you can have is knowing that you do not necessarily require happiness." Am. novelist Nelson Algren (b. 1909) on May 9 in Sag Habor, Long Island, N.Y. (heart attack): "It is strange how fragile this man-creature is... in one second he's just garbage. Garbage, that's all." Am. "Topsy Part 2" jazz drummer Cozy Cole (b. 1909) on Jan. 31 in Columbus, Ohio (cancer). Am. country singer Denver Darling (b. 1909) on Apr. 27. Am. actress Madge Evans (b. 1909) on Apr. 26 in Oakland, N.J. (cancer). Am. playwright-novelist Ketti Frings (b. 1909) on Feb. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). Canadian Seabiscuit jockey Red Pollard (b. 1909) on Mar. 7. Am. psychologist Helen Schucman (b. 1909) on Feb. 9 (pancreatic cancer). Am. composer Samuel Barber (b. 1910) on Jan. 23 in New York City (cancer): "How awful that the artist has become nothing but the after-dinner mint of society." Am. "No, No, Nanette" actress Patsy Kelly (b. 1910) on Sept. 24 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, Calif. English-born Canadian New Age writer Lobsang Rampa (b. 1910) on Jan. 25 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Am. jazz composer-pianist Mary Lou Williams (b. 1910) on May 28 in Durham, N.C. (bladder cancer). English physical anthropologist Kenneth Page Oakley (b. 1911) on Nov. 2 in Amersham, Buckinghamshire. Am. children's writer Irwin Shapiro (b. 1911). Am. "Ellery Queen's secy. Nikki Porter" actress Marian Shockley (b. 1911) on Dec. 14 in Los Angeles, Calif. Trinidadian "Capitalism and Slavery" historian and PM #1 (1959-81) Eric Williams (b. 1911) on Mar. 29 in Port of Spain. Am. "Bullitt" author Robert L. Fish (b. 1912) on Feb. 23 in Trumbell, Conn.; the Robert L. Fish Memorial Award is established by the Mystery Writers of Am. in his honor. Am. folk singer Roscoe Holcomb (b. 1912) on Feb. 1 (emphysema). English writer Pamela Hansford Johnson (b. 1912) on June 18 in London; wife of C.P. Snow. Am. "Be-Baba-Leba" R&B singer Helen Humes (b. 1913) on Sept. 9 in Santa Monica, Calif. (cancer). German-born Am. psychologist Heinz Kohut (b. 1913) on Oct. 8 (cancer). Am. architect Louis Armet (b. 1914) on Oct. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "The Weavers" folk singer Lee Hays (b. 1914) on Aug. 26 in Croton-on-Hudson, N.Y. (diabetes). Canadian "I'll Never Smile Again" songwriter Ruth Lowe (b. 1914) on Jan. 4 in Toronto. Russian conductor-composer Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (b. 1914) on Mar. 7 in Amsterdam (heart attack). Am. heavyweight boxing champ (1937-49) Joe Louis (b. 1914) on Apr. 12 in Paradise, Nev. (heart attack); a greeter at Caesar's Palace, he dies hours after appearing at the Larry Holmes vs. Trevor Berbick heavyweight title fight; buried in Arlington Nat. Cemetery; Max Schmeling pays for part of his funeral and acts as pallbearer. Am. jazz composer-arranger Eddie Sauter (b. 1914) on Apr. 21 in New York City (heart attack). Am. "Pal Joey" bandleader-actor Bobby Sherwood (b. 1914) on Jan. 23 in Auburn, Mass. (throat cancer). English economist Barbara Mary Ward (b. 1914) on May 31. Am. "Sinbad the Sailor" novelist and children's writer Nathaniel Benchley (b. 1915) on Dec. 14 in Boston, Mass. (liver infection). Am. historian Fawn McKay Brodie (b. 1915) on Jan. 10 (cancer). Israeli defense minister (1953-8) Moshe Dayan (b. 1915) on Oct. 16 in Tel Aviv (heart attack). Am. writer Ruth Hurmence Green (b. 1915) on July 7 in Fla. (suicide after being diagnosed with terminal cancer). Am. jazz musician Cat Anderson (b. 1916) on Apr. 29 in Norwalk, Calif. (cancer). Am. big band singer Bob Eberly (b. 1916) on Nov. 17 in Glen Burnie, Md. (lung cancer). Am. educator Thomas F. Jones Jr. (b. 1916): "Friends may come and go, but enemies accumulate." English novelist Robin Maugham (b. 1916) on Mar. 13 in Brighton (pulmonary embolish). English writer-journalist Theodore Philip Toynbee (b. 1916) on June 15 in St. Briavels, Gloucestershire (cancer). Am. "The Teahouse of the August Moon" novelist Vernon J. Sneider (b. 1917) in Monroe, Mich. Am. meteorologist Jule Gregory Charney (b. 1917) on June 16. Am. poet Glen Coffield (b. 1917). Am. nutritionist-biochemist Philip Handler (b. 1917) on Dec. 29 in Boston, Mass. (pneumoma and lymphoma). Am. "Password" game show host Allen Ludden (b. 1917) on June 9 in Los Angeles, Calif. (stomach cancer). Ukrainian-born Am. film dir. Boris Sagal (b. 1917) on May 22 in Portland, Ore.; semi-decapitated by a heli in the parking lot of the Timberline Lodge (used for the exterior aerial shots of the Overlook Hotel in "The Shining"). Am. actor William Holden (b. 1918) on Nov. 16 in Santa Monica, Calif.; found dead in his apt. 1 week after falling into an alcoholic stupor, tripping on his bathroom rug, gashing his head on the furniture, and bleeding to death. Egyptian pres. (1970-81) Anwar al-Sadat (b. 1918) on Oct. 6 in Cairo (assassinated). Am. "1776" songwriter Sherman Edwards (b. 1919) on Mar. 30. Am. composer Hershy Kay (b. 1919) on Dec. 2 in Danbury, Conn. (heart failure). Trinidadian jazz singer-pianist Hazel Scott (b. 1920) on Oct. 2 in New York City (cancer). Am. burlesque queen Georgia Sothern (b. 1920) on Oct. 14 in New York City (cancer). Am. actress-dancer Vera-Ellen (b. 1921) on Aug. 30 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). English novelist Charles Eric Maine (b. 1921) on Nov. 30 in London. Am. actor Yuki Shimoda (b. 1921) on May 21 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). Am. artist H.C. Westermann (b. 1922) on Nov. 3 in Danbury, Conn. Am. auto racer Johnny Beauchamp (b. 1923) on Apr. 17. Am. "Paint Your Wagon" playwright Paddy Chayefsky (b. 1923) on Aug. 1 in New York City (cancer). Am. "The Bad and the Beautiful" actress Gloria Grahame (b. 1923) on Oct. 5 in New York City (stomach cancer). U.S. Sen. (D-Ohio) (1957-81) Frank Church (b. 1924) on Apr. 7 in Bethesda, Md. (pancreatic cancer): "I know the capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must see to it that this agency [the National Security Agency] and all agencies that possess this technology operate within the law and under proper supervision, so that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which there is no return." Am. basketball player George Nostrand (b. 1924) on Nov. 8. Am. R&B singer Roy Brown (b. 1925) on May 25 in San Fernando, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Rock Around the Clock" singer Bill Haley (b. 1925) on Feb. 9 in Harlingen, Tex. (brain tumor and/or heart attack). Am. singer Alice Lon (b. 1926) in Apr. in Dallas, Tex. Am. actress Wanda Hendrix (b. 1928) on Feb. 1 in Burbank, Calif. (double pneumonia). Scottish-born British "Good" playwright Cecil Philip Taylor (b. 1929) on Dec. 9 in Newcastle on Tyne (pneumonia). Am. actor Pat Conway (b. 1931) on Apr. 24 in Santa Barbara County, Calif. English record producer Kit Lambert (b. 1935) on Apr. 7 in London (cerebral hemorrhage). Am. actress Natalie Wood (b. 1938) on Nov. 28 (night) off Santa Catalina Island, Calif.; drowns during the filming of "Brainstorm" (1983). Ecuadorian pres. #33 (1979-81) Jaime Roldos Aguilera (b. 1940) on May 24 near Guachanama, Celica Canton, Loja Province (airplane crash on Huairapungo Hill). Am. "Taxi" singer Harry Chapin (b. 1942) on July 16 in Jericho, Long Island, N.Y. (accident on the Long Island Expressway in his 1975 VW Rabbit); dies en route to give a free concert at Eisenhower Park before a crowd of 25K. Am. rock guitarist Mike Bloomfield (b. 1943) on Feb. 15 in San Francisco, Calif. (heroin OD): "It's [blues] a natural. Black people suffer externally in this country. Jewish people suffer internally. The suffering's the mutual fulcrum for the blues." Am. Canned Heat singer Bob Hite (b. 1943) on Apr. 5 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack from an accidental heroin OD). Jamaican reggae musician Bob Marley (b. 1945) on May 11 in Miami, Fla. (malignant melanoma in his right big toe and/or brain cancer); loved to smoke foot-long bongs: "Herb is the healing of a nation, alcohol is the destruction." Am. "Naked Lunch" novelist William S. Burroughs Jr. (b. 1947) on Mar. 3 in Orange City, Fla. (cirrhosis of the liver). Am. Steppenwolf musician Rushton Moreve (b. 1948) on July 1 in Santa Barbara, Calif. (motorcycle accident).



1982 - The Beat It, Princess Grace, Elk Cloner and Tylenol Heli-Decapitating Year? The Israeli Invasion of Lebanon Causes Palestinian Terrorism To Break Out All Over the World Year?

Michael Jackson (1958-2009) 'Thriller' by Michael Jackson (1958-2009), 1982 Yuri Andropov of the Soviet Union (1914-84) Felipe Gonzalez Marquez of Spain (1942-) Helmut Kohl of West Germany (1930-) George Pratt Shultz of the U.S. (1920-) Dennis Wardlow (1954-) Conch Republic, Apr. 23, 1982 Olof Palme of Sweden (1927-86) Yasuhiro Nakasone of Japan (1918-) Salvador Jorge Blanco of Dominican Republic (1926-) Hernan Siles Suazo of Bolivia (1914-96) Gen. Guido Vildoso Calderon of Bolivia (1937-) Belisario Betancur of Colombia (1923-) Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado of Mexico (1934-2012) Gen. Efrain Rios Montt of Guatemala (1926-) Alvaro Alfredo Magańa of El Salvador (1925-2001) Paul Biya of Cameroon (1933-) Hissčne Habré of Chad (1942-) Mswati III of Swaziland (1968-) Fred Ramdat Misier of Suriname (1926-2004) Maj. Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo of Upper Volta (1941-) Princess Grace of Monaco (1929-82) Princess Stephanie of Monaco (1965-) King Fahd of Saudi Arabia (1921-2005) Shlomo Argov of Israel (1929-2003) Agatha Barbara of Malta (1923-2002) Argentine Pres. Gen. Leopoldo Galtieri (1926-2003) Mario Cuomo of the U.S. (1932-2015) Bashir Gemayel of Lebanon (1947-82) Amine Gemayel of Lebanon (1942-) Hussain Mohammed Ershad of Bangladesh (1930-) A.F.M. Ahsannudin Chowdhury of Bangladesh (1915-2001) Asma Jahangir (1952-2018) Sadegh Ghotbzadeh of Iran (1936-82) Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903-94) Venera 13, 1981-2 Jack Robert Lousma of the U.S. (1936-) Charles Gordon Fullerton of the U.S. (1936-) Thomas Kenneth Mattingly II of the U.S. (1936-) Henry Warren Hartsfield Jr. of the U.S. (1933-) Vance DeVoe Brand of the U.S. (1931-) Robert Franklyn Overmyer of the U.S. (1936-96) Joseph Percival Allen of the U.S. (1937-) William Benjamin Lenoir of the U.S. (1939-2010) Anatoly Berezovoi of the Soviet Union (1942-) Valentin Lebedev of the Soviet Union (1942-) Eduardo Frei of Chile (1911-82) U.S. Gen. Murphy A. Chesney (1927-) Mauno Koivisto of Finland (1923-2017) Andries Treurnicht of South Africa (1921-93) U.S. Gen. Edward L. Rowny (1917-) Paul Henry Nitze of the U.S. (1907-2004) C. Everett Koop of the U.S. (1916-) Kakuei Tanaka of Japan (1918-93) Benjamin Arellano-Felix (1952-) Coral Watts (1953-2007) Cardinal Jozef Glemp (1929-20130 William Bonin (1947-96) 'The Catch', Dwight Clark, Jan. 11, 1982 Joe Montana (1956-) Wayne Gretzky (1961-) Don Mattingly (1961-) Martina Navratilova (1956-) Jimmy Connors (1952-) Michael 'Dynamite' Dokes (1958-) Dan Issel (1948-) James Worthy (1961-) Terry Cummings (1961-) Dominique Wilkins (1960-) Lenny Skutnik (1954-) Earl Anthony (1938-2001) 'Earl Anthony's Million Dollar Strike' by LeRoy Neiman (1921-2012), 1982 Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman (1938-) George Deukmejian of the U.S. (1928-) William Wayne Justice of the U.S. (1920-2009) Young American Bowling Alliance Logo John Z. DeLorean (1925-2005) Juan Maria Fernandez y Krohn (1948-) Uri Avneri (1923-2018) Stanley Ben Prusiner (1942-) James H. Clark (1944-) Alva Myrdal (1902-86) Alfonso Garcia Robles (1911-91) Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1927-2014) Kenneth Geddes Wilson (1936-) Sir Aaron Klug (1926-) Sune Karl Bergstrom (1916-2004) Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson (1934-) Sir John Robert Vane (1927-2004) George Joseph Stigler (1911-91) Charles Geschke (1939-) and John Warnock (1940-) Richard J. Wurtman (1936-) Peter Armbruster (1931-) Gottfried Münzenberg (1940-) Lise Meitner (1878-1968) Joel R. Primack (1945-) Jim Peebles (1935-) George R. Blumenthal (1945-) Sandra Moore Faber (1944-) Martin John Rees (1942-) Sun Microsystems Founders Gordon Matthews (1936-2006) Tara Burke (1993-) Gilbert Trigano (1921-2001) John Coleman (1934-2018) Bryant Gumbel (1948-) Whitney Houston (1963-2012) and Bobby Brown (1960-) Larry Walters (1949-93), July 2, 1982 Enzo Bearzot (1927-2010) Paolo Rossi (1956-) Alain Aspect (1947-) Blas Cabrera Thomas Robert Cech (1947-) Sidney Altman (1939-) Francis S. Collins (1950-) Daniel Chee Tsui (1939-) Horst Ludwig Störmer (1949-) Robert Betts Laughlin (1950-) Robert Koffler Jarvik (1946-) Willem J. Kolff (1911-2009) William DeVries (1943-) Barney Clark (1921-83) James Robert Flynn (1934-) Richard Lynn (1930-) Janette Turner Hospital (1942-) Carol Gilligan (1936-) Lawence Kohlberg (1927-87) Trip Hawkins (1953-) Gregory C. Carr (1959-) Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-) Scott A. Jones (1960-) Barry James Marshall (1951-) John Robin Warren (1937-) Eric Robert Wolf (1923-99) Tom Peters (1942-) Charles Douglas-Home (1937-85) Mark Thatcher (1953-) Rick Rubin (1963-) Def Jam Records Peter Ackroyd (1949-) Harriet Stratemeyer Adams (1892-1982) Isabel Allende (1942-) Isaac Asimov (1920-92) Michael Baigent (1948-2013) Henry Lincoln (1930-) Richard Leigh (1943-2007) Russell Baker (1925-) James Bamford (1946-) Pat Barker (1943-) Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov (1946-) Saul Bellow (1915-2005) Maeve Binchy (1940-) T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948-) William Bronk (1918-99) Roberto Calvi (1920-82) Caryl Churchill (1938-) Natalie Zemon Davis (1928-) Peter Diamond (1940-) Lawrence Durrell (1912-90) Odysseus Elytis (1911-96) Simon Estes (1938-) Bruce Feirstein (1956-) 'Real Men Don't Eat Quiche' by Bruce Feirstein (1956-), 1982 Michael Frayn (1933-) Athol Fugard (1932-) Charles Henry Fuller Jr. (1939-) John Lewis Gaddis (1941-) Jonathan Goldman Sue Grafton (1940-) Stephen Greenblatt (1943-) Lars Peter Hansen (1952-) Benjamin Hoff (1946-) Leroy Hood (1938-) John Jakes (1982-) Rhys Llywelyn Isaac (1937-2010) Thomas Keneally (1935-) Maurice Kenny (1929-) John Kessel (1950-) James Patrick Kelly (1951-) Galway Kinnell (1927-2014) W.P. Kinsella (1935-) Tony Kushner (1956-) Finn E. Kydland (1943-) Brad Leithauser (1953-) Julius Lester (1939-) Meyer Levin (1905-81) Torgny Lindgren (1938-) Paul Robert Milgrom (1948-) Michael Morpurgo (1943-) William Matthews (1942-) Alice McDermott (1953-) Ken McElroy (1935-82) Frank McGuinness (1953-) James Merrill (1926-95) Robert L. Middlekauff (1929-) Herta Müller (1953-) John Naisbitt (1929-) Edward Christian Prescott (1940-) Richard R. Nelson (1930-) Philip Norman (1943-) Ariel Rubenstein (1951-) Kenneth Geddes Wilson (1936-) Sidney Graham Winter (1935-) Sara Paretsky (1947-) John Pielmeier (1949-) Katha Pollitt (1949-) Peter Russell (1946-) John E. Sarno (1923-) Susan Sheehan (1937-) Robert Sobel (1931-99) George Starbuck (1931-96) Paul Starr (1949-) Nancy Stokey (1950-) John Toland (1912-2004) Sue Townsend (1946-) Mona Van Duyn (1921-2004) Alice Walker (1944-) Edmund White (1940-) Domenico Dolce (1958-) and Stefano Gabbana (1962-) John Belushi (1949-82) Cathy Evelyn Smith (1948-) Wolfgang Puck (1949-) Vic Morrow (1929-82) Mary Hart (1950-) Calvert DeForest (1921-2007) Darci Kistler (1964-) 'Cheers', 1982-93 Family Ties, 1982-9 Michael J. Fox (1961-) Gary David Goldberg (1944-) Mr. Hooper in 'Sesame Street', by Will Lee (1908-82) Newhart TV Show, 1982-90 'Knight Rider', starring David Hasselhoff (1952-), 1982-6 'Cagney and Lacey', starring Tyne Daley (1946-) and Sharon Gless (1943-), 1982-88 Georg Stanford Brown (1943-) 'St. Elsewhere', 1982-8 'Inspector Gadget', 1982-6 Paul Coelho (1947-) Kenneth Cole (1954-) 'Basket Case', 1982 'The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas', 1982 'Blade Runner', starring Harrison Ford (1942-), 1982 Daryl Hannah (1960-) in 'Blade Runner' 'Creepshow', 1982 'Diner', 1982 'The Draughtsmans Contact', 1982 'E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial', 1982 Reese's Pieces, 1978 'Fast Times at Ridgemont High', 1982 Phoebe Cates (1963-) in 'Fast Times at Ridgemont High', 1982 Amy Heckerling (1954-) 'First Blood', 1982 'Gandhi', 1982 'Halloween III: Season of the Witch', 1982 'Liquid Sky', 1982 'The Man from Snowy River', 1982 'An Officer and a Gentleman', starring Richard Gere (1949-) and Debra Winger (1955-), 1982 'Poltergeist', 1982 'Sophies Choice', 1982 'Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan', 1982 'Tempest', 1982 'The Thing', 1982 'Tootsie', 1982 Geena Davis (1956-) 'Tron', 1982 'Victor/Victoria' starring Julie Andrews (1935-), 1982 'The World According to Garp', 1982 'The Year of Living Dangerously', 1982 TriStar Pictures Logo Eddie Murphy (1961-) Asia Boy George (1961-) and Culture Club Laura Branigan (1952-2004) Charlene (1950-) The Clash Joe Cocker (1944-2014) Kenny G (1956-) George Thorogood (1950-) Jennifer Warnes (1947-) Wham! Moon Unit Zappa (1967-) 'Heartlight' by Neil Diamond (1941-), 1982 Philip Glass (1937-) Thomas Dolby (1958-) Glenn Frey (1948-2016) Don Henley (1947-) Hall & Oates Bertie Higgins (1944-) Janet Jackson (1966-) Evelyn 'Champagne' King (1960-) Eddie Money (1949-) John Cougar Mellencamp (1951-) Ozzy Osbourne (1948-) Prince (1958-2016) Survivor 'Eye of the Tiger' by Survivor, 1982 10,000 Maniacs Men Without Hats Modern English Night Ranger Aldo Nova (1956-) Talk Talk Tears for Fears Twisted Sister The Waitresses Wang Chung Musical Youth Haircut 100 Tight Fit Peter and the Test Tube Babies Toni Basil (1943-) Buckner and Garcia Megaforce Records Metal Blade Records Newman's Own, 1982 Martine Kempf (1959-) and Katalavox Minitel, 1982 Boeing 757, 1982 Olive Garden Restaurants, 1982- Barbican Centre, London, 1982 Michael Graves (1934-) Portland Public Service Bldg., 1982 Jean-Michelle Basquiat (1960-88) 'All Colored Cast II' by Jean-Michelle Basquiat (1960-88), 1982 Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007) 'Keyhole' by Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007), 1982 'Lookin to Get Out', 1982 'Making Love', 1982 Gerhard Richter (1932-) 'Two Candles' by Gerhard Richter (1932-), 1982 Al Neuharth (1924-2013) Gaston Glock (1929-) Glock 17 Pistol, 1982 Super Soaker, 1982 Lonnie Johnson (1949-) Bluebird Cafe Bert Grant (1928-2001) Yakima Brewery Logo Banpo Bridge Moonlight Rainbow Fountain, 2009 Maya Ying Lin (1959-) Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 1982

1982 Doomsday Clock: 4 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Dog (Jan. 25). Time Mag. Man of the Year: The Computer (Dec. 26). A global surplus of crude oil causes gasoline prices to plummet, which doesn't stop a short but severe recession in the U.S. There are 350K facsimile (fax) installations in the U.S. (vs. 69K in 1975); by 1985 there are 500K fax machines installed worldwide. On Jan. 1 Washington defeats Iowa by 28-0 to win the 1982 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 4 U.S. audiences get treated with a black face with their morning coffee as NBC sports personality Bryant Charles Gumbel (1948-) replaces Tom Brokaw as host of Today, teaming with white face Jane "Bipolar" Pauley (until Jan. 3, 1997); too bad, Gumbel makes the mistake of writing a memo in 1989 dissing white Willard Scott and Jew Gene Shalit - a taste of future mass mixed marriages in the U.S.? On Jan. 5 a U.S. federal judge voids a state law requiring balanced classroom treatment of evolution and creationism. On Jan. 5 Exxon Corp. announces a financial settlement with the Libyan govt. for seizing its assets last Nov. after 25 years of operation; on Jan. 20 the London Financial Times reports that the Libyans are paying $95M for assets valued at $120M; meanwhile Muammar al-Gaddafi threatens war if the U.S. violates his self-proclaimed territorial limits in the Gulf of Sidra. On Jan. 6 Iraqi Shiite Muslims damage the 625-mi. Iraq-Iskendrun Pipeline in Turkey carrying oil from Kirkuk, Iraq to the Mediterranean port of Yumurtalik, Turkey; they damage it again on Jan. 8. On Jan. 6 Calif. Freeway Killer William George Bonin (1947-96) is convicted of 14 out of 21+ rape-murders of boys aged 12-19; after years of appeals he is executed on Feb. 23, 1996. On Jan. 7 the German-born LaGrand Brothers rob a bank in Marana, Ariz., killing a man and injuring a woman, after which they are convicted of murder and sentenced to death, and are executed in 1999 (becoming the last use of lethal gas in the U.S. until ?), after which Germany sues the U.S. in the Internat. Court of Justice for not informing them of their right to consular assistance under the Vienna Convention, and wins a decision on June 27, 2001. On Jan. 8 U.S. asst. atty.-gen. William Francis Baxter Jr. (1929-98) settles a 7-y.-o. (1974) case against AT&T (1M employees) with the largest breakup in history, splitting off seven regional and 15 local phone cos. (Baby Bells), effective by Jan. 1, 1984, with AT&T retaining its long distance lines, Western Reserve manufacturing arm, and Bell Labs.; taking advantage of AT&T's failure to replace their copper wires with fiber-optic cables even though Bell Labs is the inventor, MCI (Microwave Communications Inc.) (founded 1963) lays fiber-optic cables by next year, putting the first TV transmission trunk into service in 1983 between New York City and Washington, D.C. (45M bps) and growing to 15K employees from 1.5K in 1980; it is acquired by WorldComm in 1988. On Jan. 8 Bob Jones U. of S.C. and other racial-discrimination-promoting univs. are given tax-exempt status on the orders of Pres. Reagan after 11 years (1971), but on Jan. 12 after a firestorm of controversy he flip-flops; on May 24, 1983 despite an amicus brief filed by the Nat. Assoc. of Evangelicals (NAE), the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court by 8-1 decides that the IRS can revoke the tax-exempt status of orgs. that are contrary to established public policy incl. those who practice racial discrimination, limiting their decision to "religious schools - not churches or other purely religious institutions"; the lone dissenter is Rehnquist. On Jan. 9 Palestinian terrorists bomb the Israeli airline office in Istanbul. On Jan. 9 Margaret Thatcher's playboy son Mark Thatcher (1953-) disappears in the Sahara Desert during the Paris-Dakar Rally along with his co-driver and mechanic, and are declared missing on Jan. 12; after a massive search they are rescued unharmed on Jan. 14 after surprise, no terrorism. On Jan. 10 the lowest-ever temp in the U.K. of -27.2C (-17.0F)is recorded in Braemar, Aberdeenshire, equalling the 1895 record in the same place; it is equalled again in 1995 in Altnaharra. On Jan. 10 the temperature in Harper Adams U., Edgmond, Shropshire reaches -26.1C (-14.98F), becoming the lowest temperature ever recorded in England (until ?). On Jan. 11-17 a record cold spell hits the midwest U.S., capped by Cold Sunday on Jan. 17. On Jan. 12 Peking protests the sale of U.S. planes to Taiwan. On Jan. 13 after takeoff from Nat. Airport, Air Florida Flight 90 (Boeing 737) dramatically crashes into the 14th St. Bridge in Washington, D.C. then into the icy Potmac River during a snowstorm, killing 74 of 79 aboard plus four on the bridge; failure to de-ice the engines is blamed; Martin L. "Lenny" Skutnik (1954-) becomes a hero when he wades into the icy river to rescue Priscilla Tirado, and Pres. Reagon invites him to sit with the First Lady and be recognized during his Jan. 19 1982 State of the Union Address, causing the term "Lenny Skutnik" to be coined for anybody else given similar treatment, and a tradition of introducing heroes during State of the Union speeches to begin. On Jan. 13 a Washington Metro train derails, killing three, becoming the system's first fatal accident since it opened on Mar. 27, 1976. On Jan. 13 an Algerian diplomat is abducted from his home, murdered, and dumped in a Muslim section of Beirut. On Jan. 15 a bomb expodes in an Israeli restaurant in West Berlin, killing a 14-mo.-old girl and injuring 25; six members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) are suspected; on Jan. 17 another bomb explodes outside the office of Lufthansa Airlines in Tel Aviv. On Jan. 16 the U.K. establishes full diplomatic relations with the Vatican - causing Henry VIII and Elizabeth I to roll over in their graves? On Jan. 18 (9 a.m.) U.S. Lt. Col. Charles R. Ray is assassinated as he leaves his home in Paris by the Lebanese Armed Rev. Faction (FARL); in 1984 FARL leader Georges Ibrahim Abdallah is captured, and in Feb. 1987 despite several bombing attacks in France in an attempt to delay the trial he is convicted of this and other crimes and sentenced to life in prison. On Jan. 18 Iraqi-funded Venezuelan terrorist Carlos the Jackal (Ilich Ramirez Sanchez) (1949-) and his new wife Magdalena Cecilina Kopp (1948-) allegedly try to destroy the new Superphenix nuclear power plant under construction in Creys-Malville, France with five RPG-7 rockets which they fire at it over the Rhone River, three of which miss, the other two bouncing off the thick concrete reactor outer shell; in May 2003 Jerusalem-born Swiss Green Party politician Chaim Nissim (1949-) admits to carrying out the attack with equipment obtained from Carlos the Jackal; in Feb. Kopp and Swiss terrorist Bruno Breguet are arrested in Paris in an underground parking garage, attempting to kill the police until their gun misfires; their car is found to contain bombs, and they deny that they're on a terrorist mission; after setting off a number of bombs in retaliation, Carlos the Jackal writes to French interior minister (1981-3) Gaston Deferre (1910-86) demanding their release, which is leaked to the press, ending in the pair getting lighter sentences with the attempted murder charge dropped; they are later found to have been hired by Syrian pres. Hafez al-Assad to bomb the Paris office of the Lebanese weekly mag. Al Watan al Arabi (founded in 1976) for an article linking Syria with the Sept. 4, 1981 assassination of French ambassador to Beirut Louis Delamare; on Apr. 15 after letters demanding the release of Kopp and Breguet don't work, French embassy employee Guy Cavallo is assassinated in Beirut along with his pregnant wife. On Jan. 20 after he began throwing meat at the audience during his Diary of A Madman tour, causing fans to start throwing stuff back, British shock rocker John Michael "Ozzy" Osbourne (1948-) bites the head off a bat in Veterans Memorial Auditorium in Des Moines, Iowa, later claiming he thought it was fake, then getting rabies shots; the fan who threw it on stage later claims it was already dead; in Mar. guitarist Randy Rhoads dies while flying a stolen airplane over the tour bus, after which he is replaced by Bernie Torme then Brad Gillis; in 1982 Ozzy gets banned from San Antonio, Tex. for a decade for urinating on the Alamo while wearing future wife-mgr. Sharon's dress, and in 1989 he tries to strangle her after getting too drunk. On Jan. 21 an overcrowded bus plunges off a bridge in Narayanganj, Bangladesh, killing 28 and injuring 40. On Jan. 21 (they call him Chick?) Charles Everett Koop (1916-) becomes U.S. surgeon gen. #13 (until Oct. 1, 1989), raising the public profile of his position; in Mar. he pub. a Report on Cigarettes, calling cigarette smoking the #1 preventable cause of death, with lung cancer killing 111K Ams. a year, up from 18K in 1950, and costing the U.S. in $13B a year plus $25B loss in wages and production; by the middle of the decade lung cancer will kill more women each year than breast cancer; in 1984 Koop claims that nicotine is as addictive as heroin or cocaine, and calls on Americans to "create a smoke-free society in the U.S. by the year 2000"; he goes on to release seven more health reports on tobacco use, incl. the first report on health consequences of involuntary tobacco smoke exposure; too bad, he goes after gay anal sex as a primary vector of transmission of HIV, upsetting gays one way and the religious the other way by his frankness. On Jan. 22 Pres. Reagan formally links progress in arms control to Soviet repression in Poland. On Jan. 22 Pinochet opposition leader (pres. of Chile in 1964-70) Eduardo Frei Montalva (b. 1911) dies from poisoning by mustard gas; after it is initially reported as septicemia from surgery, the truth comes out and it takes until 2009 for three people to be charged with his murder; meanwhile his son Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle becomes pres. of Chile in 1994-2000. On Jan. 23 (Sat.) CBS-TV airs The Uncounted Enemy: A Vietnam Deception, alleging a conspiracy to falsify intel reports on events leading to the 1968 Vietnamese Tet Offensive, causing Gen. William Westmoreland to sue CBS for $120M for libel, but on Feb. 18, 1985 after former high-ranking military officials testify on CBS' behalf, he drops the suit before it reaches a jury, with CBS issuing a statement that they never meant to impugn his patriotism but stand by their story. On Jan. 24 Super Bowl XVI (16) is held in the new $55.7M Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Mich., the first SB played at a cold weather site; the San Francisco 49ers (NFC) defeat the Cincinnati Bengals (AFC) 26-21 despite being outgained 356-275 total yards and Bengals tight end (#89) Daniel R. "Dan" Ross (1957-2006) having a SB record 11 receptions; a goal line stand by #57 Dan Bunz (1955-), who stops Cincinnati RB Charles Alexander (1957-) after he catches a 3rd down pass before halftime proves pivotal, and becomes known as "the Stop"; MVP is 49ers QB Joseph Clifford "Joe" Montana Jr. (1956-); in Nov. 2009 after the 2008-9 recession, the Silverdome is sold for $583K. On Jan. 24 a draft of an Air Force history of Operation Ranch Hand reveals that the U.S. secretly sprayed herbicides on Laos during the Vietnam War; on Sept. 15 USAF deputy surgeon gen. Maj. Gen. Murphy A. Chesney (1927-) presents a study that claims that Ranch Hand vets had no higher death rate than other vets - they thought the name was Louse? On Jan. 25 (Chinese New Year) Chinese Central TV debuts its Chinese New Year Gala Program, watched by virtually the entire Chinese pop. every year from now on (until ?). On Jan. 26 a train derails on the Algiers-Oran line in Algeria, killing 120. On Jan. 26 unemployment in the U.K. reaches a post-WWII record of 3,070,621. On Jan. 27 PM (since 1979) Mauno Henrik Koivisto (1923-2017) becomes pres. #9 of Finland (until Mar. 1, 1994), becoming the first Social Dem. On Jan. 27 Turkish consul-gen. Kemal Arikan is murdered at a stoplight in his car in West Los Angeles, Calif. by two men, incl. Beirut-born Armenian immigrant Harry Sassounian (1963-) in reprisal for the 1915 Armenian Genocide; his brother Harout Sassounian is in jail for tossing a Molotov cocktail at Arikan's home in Oct. 1980; after Pres. Reagan calls the murder "an apparent act of terrorism", Kemal receives a life sentence. On Jan. 28 Italian anti-terrorism forces rescue U.S. Brig. Gen. James L. Dozier 42 days after being kidnapped by the Red Brigades. On Jan. 29 after a long strike the Philadelphia Bulletin newspaper suspends pub. after 135 years (1847); "Nearly everybody reads the Bulletin." On Jan. 31 two buses collide and plunge into a gorge outside Santiago, Chile, killing 14 and injuring 70. In Jan. Zimbabwe PM Robert Mugabe dismisses Joshua Nkomo (1917-99) as home minister, with the soundbyte: "ZAPU and its leader Dr. Joshua Nkomo are like a cobra in a house - the ony way to deal effectively with a snake is to strike and destroy its head", causing Nkomo's soldiers to desert and return to Matabeleland, where Mugabe sends his pres. guard and Fifth Brigade after them, killing 10K by 1987; Mugabe also discharges manpower and planning minister Edgar Z. Tekere, after he was tried and acquitted of the murder of a white farmer; next Mar. 7 Nkomo flees to exile in London after crossing the Botswana frontier allegedly disguised as a woman. In Jan. in Haiti journalist Richard Brisson is murdered by agents of dictator Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier. In Jan. crop failure for the 4th straight year causes food shortages in the Soviet Union. On Feb. 1 France establishes a 39-hour work week with five weeks of paid vacation. On Feb. 1 Late Night with David Letterman debuts on NBC-TV, with the gnomish face of Calvert DeForest (1921-2007) greeting viewers in a parody of Boris Karloff in "Frankenstein" under the name Larry "Bud" Melman, who goes on to appear regularly as a correspondent until his retirement in 2002. On Feb. 2 the Hama Massacre in Hama, Syria sees the Baathist Syrian army bombard the town to quell a revolt by the fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood, killing 7K-40K, incl. 1K soldiers, and destroying the city, becoming the deadliest attack by an Arab govt. against its own people in modern times; on Feb. 3 Syrian pres. Hafez al-Assad orders the army to purge the Turkish city of Harran near the Syrian border of the Muslim Brotherhood; survivors flee to Lebanon's Bekaa Valley, Afghanistan, Europe, and the U.S., and don't try it again for the rest of the cent.; too bad, some of them flock to new kid on the block Osama bin Laden. On Feb. 5 after Surname's military establishes a Rev. Front, causing vice-PM Andre Haakmat to be dismissed and flee to the Netherlands, and pres. Henk R. Chin A Sen to resign on Feb. 4, a 4-man military council assumes power in Paramaribo; on Feb. 8 Lachmipersad Frederick "Fred" Ramdat Misier (1926-2004) succeeds Chin A Sen as civilian pres. of Suriname (until Jan. 25, 1988); too bad, on Dec. 9 the military seizes power, and on Dec. 10 imposes martial law, causing the Netherlands to claim that it actually executed the exiles, suspending its $100M/year economic aid on Dec. 12 until democracy is restored; the U.S. follows suit, suspending its $1.5M/year aid program. On Feb. 5 Sir Freddie Laker's London-based Lakers Airways (founded 1966) goes bankrupt, leaving 6K stranded passengers and $270M in debt. On Feb. 9 after suicidal Capt. Seiji Katigiri throws two of the plane's four engines into reverse on approach to Haneda Airport despite efforts to restrain him by the flight engineer and first officer, Japan Air Lines Flight 350 (DC-8) from Fukuoka plunges into Tokyo Bay in shallow water 1K ft. (300m) short of the runway, killing 24 of 166 passengers and none of the eight crew, becoming JAL's first crash of the decade; Katagiri tries to pass himself off as a passenger to get away, and is later found not guilty by reason of insanity. On Feb. 11-13 Francois Mitterrand's French Socialist govt. nationalizes five major industries and 39 banks at a cost of $7B, and imposes new taxes on the rich, giving Paris a new look with the Great Works. On Feb. 12 the house in the Yvelines district outside Paris where Ayatollah Khomeini lived for 5 mo. before returning to Iran in 1979 is blown up and destroyed by pro-Shah Iranians. On Feb. 15 the Ocean Ranger semi-submersible mobile offshore oil-drilling platform sinks off the coast of Newfoundland during a fierce storm, killing all 84 workers. On Feb. 15 Agatha Barbara (1923-2002) becomes pres. #3 of the Repub. of Malta (until Feb. 15, 1987), its first female pres. On Feb. 18 as foreign exchange reserves run out, pres. Jose Lopez Portillo of Mexico devalues the peso by 30%, followed by another 30% by the end of the mo. On Feb. 18 elections in Ireland are a V for Fianna Fail. On Feb. 19 the DeLorean Motor Co. factory in Belfast, Northern Ireland is put into receivership, and the British govt. loses Ł94M in subsidies of 2K jobs, which they hoped would weaken popular support for the IRA; on Oct. 19 John Zachary DeLorean (1925-2005) is arrested in Los Angeles and accused of putting up $1.8M to bring 100 kilos ($24M) of cocaine into the U.S. to salvage his co.; on Aug. 16, 1984 he is acquitted on the grounds of entrapment by the FBI despite a videotape showing him calling a suitcase full of coke "good as gold", and he retires to his estate in Somerset County, N.J., fighting creditors and declaring bankruptcy in 1999. On Feb. 24 after getting pissed-off at his limited reforms of apartheid to "exchange self-determination for power-sharing", 22 South African Nat. Party MPs led by "Dr. No" Andries Petries Treurnicht (1921-93) (known for his 1976 order as minister of ed. to teach black students in Afrikaans, triggering the Soweto Riots) vote no confidence in the govt. of P.W. Botha, and on Mar. 20 Dr. No and 17 of them quit the Nat. Party and form the Conservative Party, which achieves 31.5% of the vote by 1989; in 2003 it merges with the Freedom Front. On Feb. 25 Kuwaiti Airways Flight KU561 with 150 aboard is seized after landing in Beirut en route from Libya to Kuwait by 12 Shiite gunmen led by Hamza akl Hamieh in retaliation for the 1978 disappearance on Muammar Gaddafi's orders of Iranan-born Islamic leader Imam Moussa Sadr, highest-ranking Muslim cleric in Lebanon, becoming their 7th hijacking protesting his disappearance; after a Shiite cleric promises that their case will be pressed at the U.N. and Internat. Court of Justice, they are released, disappearing into the night, after which a Lebanese official later says "They are probably sipping hot coffee with their kin", and Capt. Les Bradley flies the plane back to Kuwait, saying that they warned the airline to drop this route. On Feb. 25 Air Tanzania Flight ? (Boeing 737 with 99 passengers and crew en route to Dar es Salaam is hijacked by five armed members of the Tanzanian Youth Dem. Movement who want pres. Julius Nyerere removed, making stops in Jeddah, Athens, and Stansted, England, where they are refused refueling, freeing the hostages on Feb. 28 and surrendering after negotiations with exiled Tanzanian foreign minister Oscar Kambona; on Sept. 18 they are sentenced to prison terms of 4-8 years. On Feb. 25 the European Court of Human Rights rules that it is a violation of the Human Rights Convention for teachers to cane, belt, or taste students against the wishes of the parents. In Feb. in Guatemala 100+ men from Rio Negro are killed by Xococ patrolmen. In Feb. Greenland (pop. 50K), home of the world's only source of natural cryolite used in making aluminum votes to withdraw from the European Community, which they had joined as part of Denmark in 1973; Danish pres. Anker Jorgensen supports the move with reluctance. On Mar. 1 Palestinian Arab Liberation Front member Nabil Aranki Hawwad is assassinated in Madrid, Spain by rival groups. On Mar. 1 the Soviet Venera 13 spacecraft launched last Oct. 30 lands successfully on Venus, operating for 127 min. at 1,234 psi and 457C (855F); on Nov. 14 Venera 14 is launched, landing on Venus next Mar.5 590 mi. from Venera 13, and lasts only 57 min. at 1,382 psi and 465C (869F). The Jewish extremists who want to rebuild the Jewish Temple of Jerusalem have a big year? On Mar. 2 15 people from an extreme Jewish Kiryat Arba group attack one of the outside gates (Silsilah or Chain Gate) of the Al-Aqsa Mosqueand assault security guards; on Mar. 5 an explosive device is found on the road leading to themosque near the Bab al Majles entrance; on Mar. 30 two Jewish terrorists of the Temple Mount Faithful group along with Knesset members Guela Cohen and Ben Porat enter the mosque yard; on Apr. 2 another group raids the mosque from the Dung Gate, but are stopped by guards, after a guard is shot; on Apr. 8 the Temple Mount Faithful group place a fake bomb with a note in front of the mosque door; on Apr. 11 Am.-born Israeli soldier Alan Goodman enters the Dome of the Rock Mosque and opens fire, killing a security guards and injuring dozens with the assistance of other soldiers who are outside the mosque, causing a Muslim riot that injures 175, during which police protect him from the mob; he is sentenced to life plus 40 years, but released to the U.S.on Oct. 26, 1997 after 15 years; on Apr. 27 Rabbi Meir Kahane along with 100 other Jewish radicals attempt to attack the Al-Aqsa Mosque while carrying a large diagram of a new Jewish temple; on June 4 a letter is sent to the Islamic Council threatening to blow the mosque up; on July 28 armed Yeshiva students seize three apts. near the mosque, but are evacuated by police. On Mar. 3 a man from a fascist group in Kosovo fires a submachine gun into a crowd of Yugoslav massoccer, er, soccer fans in Brussels, Belgium, killing two and injuring three. On Mar. 3 British queen Elizabeth II opens the Ł161M Barbican Centre in North London, becoming the largest performing arts center in Europe. On Mar. 5 33-y.-o. actor-comedian John Belushi (b. 1949) is found dead of a heroin-cocaine OD at a rented bungalow at the Chateau Marmont on Sunset Strip in Hollywood, Calif.; on Sept. 2, 1986 his babe, backup singer slash groupie Cathy Evelyn Smith (1948-) is sentenced to three years for involuntary manslaughter for injecting him. On Mar. 8 the U.S. accuses the Soviets of killing 3K Afghans with poison gas - twenty years later they might have praised them for it? On Mar. 9 after being defeated 82-81 on his budget on Jan. 27, Irish PM (since June 30, 1981) Garret FitzGerald resigns, and Charles Haughey is reelected PM of Ireland until Dec. 14, when his economic mismanagement causes him to be replaced by FitzGerald again (until Mar. 10, 1987). On Mar. 9 a munitions-laden Lebanese cargo ship is blown up in Palestinian-controlled port of Tyre. On Mar. 10 all eight planets align on the same side ofthe Sun (a syzygy). On Mar. 10 the U.S. imposes an embargo on Libyan oil imports because of their continued support of daffy Islamic terrorism; they had been importing 150K barrels a day valued at $2B a year,about 25% of Libya's total output; Daffy calls Reagan a "destructive person"and "terrorist" but claims he is ready to resume relations; on Apr. 13 Mobil Corp. notifies Libya that it will surrender all its oil exploration and production activities on July 13; other U.S. oil cos. get around the embargo by laundering the oil in Europe. On Mar. 12 after refusing to obey owner Rupert Murdoch's orders to back the Thatcher govt.'s monetarist policy and U.S. policy in El Salvador, Harold Evans resigns, and conservative Charles Cospatrick Douglas-Home (1937-85) (nephew of former PM Sir Alec Douglas-Home) becomes ed. of The Times of London, seeing circ. grow from 300K to 500K before dying of cancer. On Mar. 13 the Massacre of Rio Negro sees 100+ women and children killed by Xococ patrolmen in Guatemala. On Mar. 13 T.J. Hooker debuts on ABC-TV for 92 episodes (until May 4, 1985, switching to CBS-TV until May 28, 1986), starring Star Trek Capt. Kirk William Alan Shatner (1931-) as Sgt. Thomas Jefferson Hooker, who sought to avenge his partner's death and ended up training LAPD academy recruits, incl. young rookie Vince Romano, played by Adrian Zmed (1954-); Richard Herd Jr. (1932-) plays Capt. Dennis Sheridan; starting in season 2 Heather Deen Locklear (1961-) plays Officer Stacy Sheridan and James Darren (James William Ercolani) (1936-) plays Officer Jim Corrigan. On Mar. 14 the London HQ of the outlawed ANC are bombed with bomb parts sent in a diplomatic pouch to the South African embassy on the orders of South African police minister Louis le Grange; no one is killed. On Mar. 15 Carlos the Jackal detones 12 lb. of explosives in the French Cultural Center in Beirut, killing two profs. and injuring 11 students; on Mar. 29 he explodes another bomb on a Trans Europe express train between Paris and Toulouse, killing five and injuring 30 passengers; Paris mayor Jacques Chirac was scheduled to be on the train but changed his plans. On Mar. 15 the Reagan admin. announces a Libyan plot to kill several hundred Americans in Khartoum, Sudan with two stereo speakers packed with 40 lb. of explosives each in an Am. recreation club; the speakers were allegedly discovered in Nairobi, Kenya en route; a lie to create an excuse to bomb Libya? On Mar. 16 Soviet pres. Leonid Brezhnev announces that he is halting the deployment of new nuclear missiles in Europe, and criticizes the U.S. for evading serious strategic arms limitations talks, which the U.S. dismisses as a propaganda ploy; on May 9 Pres. Reagan outlines a 2-phase proposal, leaving each country with 850 ballistic missiles (down from 1.7K for the U.S. and 2,350 for the Soviet Union), plus long-range missiles to remain at current levels of 400 for the U.S. and 350 for the Soviets, along with a reduction in Soviet SS-18 land-based missiles; on May 20 U.S.-Soviet negotiations resume in Geneva after a 2-mo. break. On Mar. 16 a car bomb near the abandoned (since 1979) Egyptian Embassy in Beirut kills one woman and injures 15. On Mar. 17 Lebanese British diplomat Mohammed al-Mikdad is kidnapped in Beirut and held for $150K ransom. On Mar. 18 after talks in New York City break down in Feb., a group of 50 Argentine scrap metal dealers raise the Argentine flag in Leith Harbor in South Georgia Island in the 300-island Falkland Islands, which Britain has claimed since 1833, while Argentine claims them and calls them the Islas Malvinas; on Apr. 2 Argentine troops seize disputed sheep-filled Falkland (Maldive) Islands located in the S Atlantic from Britain, followed on Apr. 3 by South Georgia Island, causing Britain to launch the Falklands War (ends June 14), imposing a blockade on Apr. 12 after the U.N. Security Council votes 10-1-4 (Panama; China, Poland, Spain, U.S.S.R.) for Resolution 502, demanding an end to hostilities and a complete withdrawal by Argentine forces, giving the U.K. the right to invoke Article 51 of the U.N. Charter and claim the right of self-defense, immediately imposing sanctions supported by the British Commonwealth and the European Economic Community; on Apr. 25 British commandos invade and retake South Georgia Island in Operation Paraquet; on May 2 British nuclear sub HMS Conqueror sinks ARA General Belgrano, Argentina's only cruiser (formerly the U.S. light cruiser Phoenix, which survived the Pearl Harbor Attack with only one bullet hole in a range-finder shield), killing 323; on May 4 HMS Sheffield (D80) is hit by an Argentine Exocet missile, killing 20, then sinking on May 10; on May 14 a British force arrives on the QE2, after which there is heavy fighting and casualties on both sides; on May 21-25 the Battle of San Carlos sees the British successfully establish a beachhead despite repeated attacks by low-flying Argentine jet aircraft on the shores of San Carlos Water, which becomes known as Bomb Alley; too bad, on May 22 HMS Ardent (F184) is sunk by Argentine aircraft, killing 22; on May 24 HMS Antelope (F170) is sunk, followed on May 25 by HMS Coventry (D118) and SS Atlantic Conveyor; on May 26 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 505, reaffirming Resolution 502 and after noting tht the situation has seriously deteriorated, expressing appreciation for the peace efforts of U.N. secy.-gen. Javier Perez de Cuellar, urging both sides to work with him to achieve a ceasefire and arrange for U.N. observers; on June 8 the Bluff Cove Air Attacks see British RFA Sir Galahad (L3005) destroyed; on June 14 Argentina surrenders after 74 days and 1.2K Argentines and 243 British killed; Argentina loses 74 planes and 7 helis, vs. 48 British planes; on June 18 Argentine dictator pres. (since Dec. 22, 1981) Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri Castelli (1926-2003) resigns; the Israelis under PM Menachem Begin secretly supplying arms to Argentina because he wanted to get even for the Brits hanging his friend Dov Gruner in Palestine in 1947? On Mar. 19 Korean dissidents set the U.S. govt. offices in Pusan, South Korea on fire, killing a South Korean student and injuring three, becoming the first attack on a U.S. mission in South Korean history; leaflets are left at the scene demanding U.S. withdrawal; on Apr. 4 after 6K are arrested,nine univ. students are charged, incl. alleged planner Kim Hyon Jang. On Mar. 20 U.S. scientists return from Antarctica with the first land mammal fossils ever found there. On Mar. 22 Topkapi Imports in Cambridge, Mass. owned by honorary Turkish consul-gen. Orhan Gunduz is bombed, injuring Gunduz, after which an anon. caller says the Justice Commandos of Armenian Genocide did it to protest the 1915 Armenian genocide; on May 4 Gunduz is assassinated in rush hour traffic in Somerville, Mass.; after Pres. Reagan orders an all-out manhunt, the only witness is murdered, and the assassin isn't caught (until ?) - the million-plus Armenians murdered by Turkey have no friend in Ronnie? On Mar. 22 Iraqi ambassador Ali Sultan is assassinated by three gunmen (working for Iran?) in East Beirut in the Christian section where he had moved with 60 others after a Dec. blast wrecked the embassy in West Beirut. On Mar. 22 Space Shuttle Columbia blasts off on its 3rd mission STS-3, carrying Jack Robert Lousma (1936-) (USMC) and Charles Gordon Fullerton (1936-) (USAF), and returns on Mar. 30; on June 27 it blasts off on its 4th mission STS-4, carrying Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly II (1936-) (USN) and Henry Warren "Hank" Hartsfield Jr. (1933-) (USAF), testing the 50-ft. Remote Manipulator System then becoming the first to land on a hard surface in White Sands, N.M.; on Nov. 11 it blasts off on its 5th mission STS-5 carrying Vance DeVoe Brand (1931-) (USMC), Robert Franklyn Overmyer (1936-96) (USMC), Joseph Percival Allen (1937-), and William Benjamin "Bill" Lenoir (1939-2010), deploying the first satellites. On Mar. 23 after the four leading leftist factions in lovely Guatemala, land of the bananas form a coalition in Jan. to strengthen the insurgency that began in the early 1960s (until 1996), a 3-man military junta topples strongman (since 1978) Gen. Romeo Lucas Garcia after he tries to impose a successor via fradulent elections, and ultra-right evangelical Christian Gen. Jose Efrain Rios Montt (1926-) becomes pres. #26 of Guatemala on Mar. 23 (until Aug. 8 1983); too bad, hopes of an end to the brutality die when equally brutal Montt becomes the Pinochet of Guatemala, instituting a scorched Earth policy, murdering entire Indian villages suspected of rebel sympathies, and killing 30K by 1983, incl. 300 driven from church in Huehuetenango on July 16; in Apr. the U.S. Nat. Security Council circumvents a congressional ban and approves $22M in military aid; Amnesty Internat. charges Romeo wherefore art thou Romeo with 5K political murders since his 1978 election - wanna buy a bullet with food stamps? On Mar. 24 Army chief of staff Lt. Gen. Hussain Mohammad Ershad (1930-) ousts pres. Abdus Sattur, ending three years of civilian rule and taking control of 83% Islamic Bangladesh (pop. 140M) in a bloodless coup (until 1990), suspending the constitution and declaring himself pres. #10, then on Mar. 27 appointing former chief justice Abul Fazal Mohammad Ahsanuddin Chowdhury (1915-2001) as pres. #11, then becoming pres. #12 of Bangladesh next Dec. 11 (until Dec. 6, 1990). On Mar. 25 the 1982 Canada Act is approved by the British Parliament; after giving royal assent on Mar. 29, on Apr. 17 the ConstitutionAct is signed by Queen Elizabeth II in Ottawa, replacing the British North Am. Act of 1867 and giving Canada its own (dry?) constitution, with a a bill of rights; the queen proclaims Canada's independence; on Oct. 27 Dominion Day is renamed Canada Dry, er, Day. On Mar. 25 the U.S. consulate in Bombay, India is attacked by a mob of 50 people led by Bandu Shingre of the Azad Hind Sena, who said he did it to "become famous". On Mar. 25 Cagney and Lacey debuts on CBS-TV for 125 episodes (until May 16, 1988), starring Ellen Tyne Daly (1946-) as married NYPD Det. Mary Beth Lacy, and Megan "Meg" Foster (1948-), replaced after six episodes by Sharon Gless (1943-) as single NYPD Det. Sgt. Christine Cagney, becoming the first serious U.S. drama series with two female leads; the disturbing news that Daly is married (1966-90) to Cuban-born black actor Georg Stanford Brown (1943-) (Tom Harvey in "Roots") helps make it more popular? On Mar. 27 a Tuluca-Mexico City passenger bus collides head-on with a trailer truck in the rain outside Mexico City, killing 28 and injuring 32. On Mar. 28 voters in El Salvador elect a new assembly with a rightist majority, which dismisses Jose Napoleon Duarte and replaces him with centrist physician Alvaro Alfredo Magana (Magańa) Borja (1925-2001) as pres. (until 1924); Duarte's land reform program is killed while violence and human rights violations continue. On Mar. 29 minutes after a Jewish-owned clothing store nearby is bombed, Italian police defuse a PLO bomb outside the offices of El Al airline in Rome. On Mar. 29 the 54th Academy Awards are held in the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, Calif., and hosted by Johnny Carson; the best picture Oscar for 1981 is awarded to Enigma Productions' (Ladd Co./Warner Bros.) Chariots of Fire, which beats Raiders of the Lost Ark; best actor and best actress go to aging Henry Fonda and Katharine Hepburn for On Golden Pond (Fonda dies 8 mo. after the film's release) (her 4th best actress Oscar, with the longest time elapsed since the first, for Morning Glory in 1933, going on to receive 11 nominations); best dir. goes to Warren Beatty, and best supporting actress to Maureen Stapleton for Reds, and best supporting actor to Sir John Gielgud for Arthur (who was also in "Chariots of Fire"). On Mar. 31 three members of the Lebanese Armed Rev. Faction fire 25 pistol shots an an official Israeli arms purchasing mission in Paris. In Mar. Venezuelan pres. Luis Herrera Campins breaks ranks with the U.S. and assails Pres. Reagan's Central Am. policy as interventionist, then becomes one of the sharpest critics of the U.S. decision to back Britain in the Falklands. In the spring the 1982 Lebanon War begins after Palestinian terrorists entrench themselves in S Lebanon, launching rockets and artillery at N Israel; on Apr. 3 Lebanese Armed Rev. Faction terrorist Georges Ibrahim Abdallah assassinates Israeli diplomat Yacov Barsimantov in his Paris apt. with a Czech 7.65 mm pistol used to kill U.S. embassy military attache Charles Robert Ray in Jan., and escapes into the subway, causing Israel to strike PLO strongholds in Lebanon on Apr. 21 (first since the July 30, 1981 ceasefire, during which time the PLO staged 130 guerrilla attacks inside Israel); on Apr. 25 Israeli forces withdraw from the Sinai per the 1978 Camp David Accords; on May 9 Israeli planes strike PLO bases S of Beirut, causing the PLO to reply with artillery fire across the border; Abdallah is convicted in Feb. 1987 of the murders of Ray and Barsimantov and sentenced to life in prison; on June 3 Israeli ambassador Shlomo Argov (1929-2003) is critically wounded in front of the Dorchester Hotel in Park Lane, London by three members of the Abu Nidal Org. (ANO), but although shot in the head and in a coma for 3 mo., he survives; on June 6 never-forgive-never-forget Israel launches Operation Peace for the Galilee to wipe out Palestinian bases and SAM sites in Lebanon, ignoring a June 6 U.N. Security Council vote to withdraw, and capturing the 12th cent. Beaufort Castle on June 6, downing dozens of Soviet-made Syrian MiGs along with Syrian SAMs in the Bekaa Valley, reaching the outskirts of Beirut on June 10, causing Arafat and his PLO loyalists to flee into Beirut, and causing Orthodox Jewish Israeli philosopher Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903-94) to accuse Israel of a "Judeo-Nazi" mentality; in reaction, with Iranian (Ayatollah Khomeini) help, Islamic radicals form Hezbollah ("party of God"), a radical offshoot of the Shiite Muslim movement Amal, with the goal of making Lebanon an Islamic state and exterminating Israel, causing Yitzhak Rabin to utter the soundbyte "We let the Shia genie out of the bottle"; the Israelis withdraw from Lebanon in 2000, leaving Hezbollah dominant; by 2005 Iran is giving them $20M-$40M per mo. and they form a state within a state; Israeli soldiers Zachary Baumel, Tzvi Feldman, and Yehuda Katz go missing near the Lebanese village of Sultan Yaqub until ?; the air battle over the Bekaa Valley causes the U.S. and Soviet Union to launch crash programs to develop Beyond Visual Range (BVR) fighters incl. the U.S. F-22 and F-35, and the Soviet SU-35. On Apr. 1 the U.S. transfers the Canal Zone to Panama under the terms of the 1977 treaty. On Apr. 1 the FCC votes 6-1 to reject a claim by the Nat. Conservative Political Action Committee (NCPAC) that the 1949 Fairness Doctrine compels broadcasters to sell air time to PACs instead of political candidates; on Apr. 7 FCC chmn. (1981-5) Mark S. Fowler gives a speech to the Nat. Assoc. of Broadcasters attacking the Fairness Doctrine, with the soundbyte that it is "one thing for stations to follow principles like fairness and equal time, it's another when the government enforces those rules. That I call censorship." On Apr. 2 Turkish embassy commercial attache Kani Gungor is wounded by Armenian gunmen in Ottawa, Canada. On Apr. 5 a Lebanese restaurant in Brooklyn, N.Y. is torched, killing a woman, after which an anon. caller claims responsibility for the JDL and claims it was being used as a PLO meeting place; the JDL officially denies responsibility. On Apr. 6 a huge blizzard dumps 1-2 ft. of snow on the NE U.S. On Apr. 11 a bomb damages the office of Egypt Tours in Madrid, Spain; another destroys a Jordanian Alia airline office; Palestinians are suspected. On Apr. 13 an RPG hits the 3rd floor of the U.S. Embassy in Beirut; the Al-Aqsa Group claims responsibility. On Apr. 14 18 Iranian terrorists ransack the Iranian consulate in Geneva, Switzerland, holding six officials hostages while putting anti-Ayatollah Khomeini graffiti on the walls in protest against the execution of Iranian political prisoners. On Apr. 15 the assassins of Anwar Sadat are executed in Egypt, incl. sharpshooter Khaled al-Islambouli, and Muhammad Abed al-Salem, author of "The Missing Commitments", which advocates jihad as an obligatory duty for Muslims; the mastermind, blind radical Muslim cleric Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman (1938-) is found innocent, and is given a visa to enter the U.S. in 1990, holing-up in a N.J. mosque where he plots the 1993 WTC bombing et al. On Apr. 15 French embassy employee Guy Cavalot survives an attempted assassination attempt by a Muslim gunman posing as a flower delivery man at his home; on Apr. 18 the French embassy in Vienna, Austria is bombed by the Islamic Rev. Group; on Apr. 19 the Vienna office of Air France is bombed by ditto. That 1965 Astronaut Barbie really worked? On Apr. 19 Sally Kristen Ride (1951-2012) and Guion Stewart "Guy" Bluford Jr. (1942-) become the first woman and first black to be tapped by NASA for U.S. space missions - ride sally ride, and go on and bluff for the government? On Apr. 21 to force the French govt. to release Magdelana Kopp, terrorists working for Carlos the Jackal explode a truck bomb outside the French embassy in Vienna, Austria, killing a policeman; on Apr. 22 (9:02 a.m.) as Kopp and Breguet are led into court in Paris, a massive car bomb explodes outside the offices of Al Watan al Arabi, killing one and injuring 63; Kopp is sentenced to four years, and Breguet to five, and France expels two Syrian diplomats for spying, blaming Syria for the actions of Carlos the Jackal and the PFLP because of its opposition to the French sharing power in Lebanon; the French ambassador to Damascus is recalled to Paris; in May an RPG is fired at the French consulate in Beirut, and two weeks later a large bomb explodes inside it, killing 11 and wounding 27; in June Christa-Margot Froelich is arrested in Rome while carrying an explosives-laden suitcase, and charged with driving the car on Apr. 22. On Apr. 22 a group of Abu Nidal terrorists attack Jo Goldberg's Restaurant in a Jewish section of Paris with grenades and automatic weapons, killing four and wounding 30. On Apr. 23 Key West, Fla. mayor (since 1981) Dennis Wardlow (1954-) declares the independent Conch Repub. for one day to protest a U.S. Border Patrol blockade, with himself as PM, severely damaging tourism in the Fla. Keys. On Apr. 23 the Unabomber mails a pipe bomb from Provo, Utah, to Penn. State U., which forwards it to Vanderbilt U. scientist Patrick C. Fisher; too bad, on May 5 Vanderbilt U. secy. Janet Smith is injured she opens it for him. On Apr. 24 a bomb explodes outside Agence France Press in West Beirut; on Apr. 26 a French U.N. peacekeeper officer is seriously wounded by Islamic gunmen in West Beirut. On Apr. 25 Israel withdraws from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. On Apr. 26 Syrian embassy cultural attache Hassan Dayoub survives an assassination attempt in Madrid, Spain. On Apr. 26 a bomb is discovered and disarmed at the Kuwaiti consulate in The Hague. On Apr. 26 (16:45 local time) Chinese CAAC Flight 3303 (Hawker Siddeley Trident 2E) en route from from Guangzhou (Canton) crashes near Guilin, killing all 104 passengers and eight crew aboard; on Dec. 24 a CAAC Ilyushin 18B catches fire from a cigarette and makes an emergency landing in Canton, killing 25 of 50 passengers and none of the 11 crew. On Apr. 27 the trial of John W. Hinckley Jr. begins in Washington, D.C.; on June 21 he is acquitted by reason of insanity. On Apr. 27 a bomb explodes in the entrance of a French news agency in Beirut; on Apr. 30 a U.S. embassy has his car hijacked by Muslims in West Beirut. In Apr. Nelson Mandela leaves his jail cell on Robben Island in South Africa. In Apr. NASDAQ (founded 1971) creates a Nat. Market System to provide the public with detailed minute-by-minute data on the most actively traded issues; by May 1983 the system tracks 184 stocks within 90 sec. of a transaction. In Apr. the U.S. Committee on Nitrate, Nitrite, and Alternative Curing Agents in Food pub. its report claiming that more research is needed before substitutes can replace nitrates in cured meats. On May 1-Oct. 31 the Knoxville World's Fair in Tenn. (smallest city to host a world's fair) has the slogan "Energy Turns the World", and receives 11M visitors, incl. 100K on the first day, which features an address by Pres. Reagan, becoming the last successful world's fair in the U.S. (until ?); the first touch-screen computer displays are demonstrated at the U.S. Pavilion; the 266-ft.-tall 26-story Sunsphere has only fives stories in the sphere itself. On May 2 (Black Sunday) Exxon announces the dropping of its $5B Colony oil-shale project near Parachute in Garfield County, Colo. and lays off 2.2K workers, killing the W Colo. economy. On May 2 the British sub HMS Conqueror sinks ARA Gen. Belgrano, Argentina's only cruiser in the Falkland Islands War, killing 600 and forcing the Argentine Sea Fleet back to Puerto Belgrano Naval Base. On May 2 Renaldo Franceschi of Waco, Tex. is kidnapped by Kurdish rebels near Irbil, Iraq, and freed on Oct. 2 after intervention by the Iranian govt; his co-worker Guy Boisvert from Canada is freed on Sept. 19. On May 2 (8:00 p.m. ET) Landmark Communications' The Weather Channel debuts on cable TV after a proposal by Alpine, Tex.-born Good Morning America weathercaster John Coleman (1934-2018) to CEO Frank Batten, with the motto "You need us for everything you do", losing $10M this year and not becoming profitable for several years; in 2007 Coleman becomes an outspoken critic of global warming, calling it the "greatest scam in history". On May 3 a bomb destroys a new mosque in Romans-sur-Isere, France. On May 3 the U.S. 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals decides in Engblom v. Carey that a state nat. guard is covered by the Third Amendment, becoming the only significant federal case over the amendment. On May 5 pres. (1970-94) Dawda K. Jawara wins reelection for a 5th 5-year term in tiny Gambia (until 1987) in a vote that is seen as endorsement of the Senegambia Confederation. On May 5 a bomb mailed by the Unabomber explodes in the computer science dept. of Vanderbilt U., injuring secy. Janet Smith. On May 9 a car bomb explodes outside the empty Syrian embassy in Tehran, Iran, destroying the bldg. and wounding 16 bystanders; the Syrian ambassador to Iran blames "Iraq and elements of imperialism and Israel". On May 10 two banks in Geneva, Switzerland are bombed by the Armenian World Punishment Org.; no injuries are reported. On May 11 advice columnist Abigail Van Buren admits reusing letters without informing her readers after her twin sister Ann Landers makes a similar admission. On May 12 Braniff Internat. Airways (founded 1928) ceases operations, and on May 14 files for bankruptcy, becoming the first major U.S. airline to fold and first victim of the 1978 U.S. Airline Deregulation Act. On May 12 in Fatima, Portugal, security guards overpower Spanish Roman Catholic priest (who lives in France) Juan Maria Fernandez y Krohn (1948-), who is armed with a bayonet while trying to reach Pope John Paul II at the altar, who is visiting to thank his dream babe Mother Mary for saving him from the previous assassination attempt; Krohn's seminary was founded by Marcel Lefebvre, who was suspended by the pope for opposition to Vatican II; in Oct. at his trial Krohn says the pope "betrayed the Church and encouraged Communism through compromise with Soviet Bloc countries", adding that he got the idea from seeing Sadat's assassination on TV; he is sentenced to six years and serves three, leaving the priesthood and moving to Belgium, where he becomes an atty., getting into several brushes with the law - JPII mentioned Fatima in his first close call? On May 13 Soyuz T-5 is launched with cosmonauts Anatoly Nikolayevich Berezovoi (1942-) and Valentin Vitaliyevich Lebedev (1942-), who spend the next 211 days in space aboard the Salyut 7 space station and return on Sept. 1 after launching the amateur radio satellite Iskra 2, becoming the first launch of a satellite from an orbiting space station; launched from a low orbit, it remains in space only seven weeks. On May 16 opposition leader Salvador Jorge Blanco (1926-) of the Dominican Rev. (Blanco) Party is elected pres. #41 of the Dominican Repub., taking office on Aug. 16 (until Aug. 16, 1986), enjoying a majority in congress; meanwhile amid corruption charges, on July 4 Dominican Repub. pres. (since 1978) Antonio Guzman is found dead with a gunshot wound to the head, stirring allegations of suicide, ruining his attempts to conduct the first peaceful transfer of power - my dream is to ditch the corner office, even if it's only for a weekend? On May 17 the Israeli govt. decides to avoid confrontations with Palestinian terrorists along the Lebanese border; on May 18 two incendiary devices are tossed at a military vehicle in E Jerusalem. On May 23 Killeen, Tx.-born IQ-75 African-Am. man Carl Eugene "Coral" Watts (1953-2007) is arrested after breaking into the home of two young women in Houston, Tex., after which they give him a plea bargain, allowing him to confess to the murders of 40-80 women since 1974, receiving a 60-year sentence; too bad, a loophole in Tex. law allows him to be released on May 9, 2006, causing a mad scramble to hook him on new charges, and after a nat. TV call he is charged with the stabbing murder of 25-y.-o. Helen Dutcher in Westland, Mich. on Dec. 1, 1979, and convicted on Nov. 17, 2004, receiving a life sentence; on Sept. 21, 2007 he dies of prostate cancer in a hospital in Jackson, Mich. On May 24 Iranian forces recover the port city of Khorramshahr (captured Oct. 26, 1980), taking 30K Iraqi POWs, being later celebrated by Iranians as a turning point in the war. On May 24 a car bomb is detonated by Abu Nidal inside the gates of the French embassy in West Beirut, killing 14 and injuring 72. On May 24 KGB chief Yuri Andropov is appointed to the Communist Party secretariat. On May 26 the artificial lake Kielder Water in Northumberland, England opens. On May 27 future Labor PM Tony Blair loses an election to Conservative candidate Tim Smith for the seat of Beaconsfield. On May 29 Pope John Paul II makes the first papal visit to Britain since 1531, and visits Canterbury Cathedral and embraces the archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie and prays with him at the tomb of St. Thomas Becket, becoming the latest in a long line of pilgrims that incl. King Henry II of England, King Louis VII of France, and Renaissance scholar Erasmus. On May 30 Spain becomes member #16 of NATO, and the first country to join since West Germany in 1955. In May 700 Club evangelical TV spokesman Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (1930-) utters the soundbyte: "I guarantee you by the end of 1982 there is going to be a judgment on the world." On June 1 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 6-3 in U.S. v. Ross that police can conduct warantless searches of closed articles in automobiles if they have "probable cause" to believe that they contain incriminating evidence. On June 4 the Abu Nidal Org. (ANO) assassinates a Kuwaiti diplomat in New Delhi, India in front of his home. On June 4 boxer Muhammad Ali and his wife Veronica Porsche meet with Pope John Paul II in the Vatican. On June 5 a bomb explodes at the offices of the Internat. Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank in Paris; responsibility is claimed by the French Marxist group Direct Action. On June 7 Chad pres. (since 1979) Goukouni Oueddei is overthrown by defense minister Hissene Habre (Hissčne Habré) (1942-), who seizes N'Djamena and becomes pres. #7 of Chad (until Dec. 1, 1990). On June 8 Pres. Ronald Reagan gives his Star Wars Speech to the British Parliament (where he is the first U.S. chief exec to address a joint session), stealing his metaphors from the movie Star Wars (itself filmed in a British studio), and calling the Soviet Union an "evil empire" that will end up on the "ash heap of history" along with its ideals - that's his star power? On June 8 VASP Flight 168 (Boeing 727) en route from Rio de Janeiro crashes into a forest near Fortaleza, Brazil, killing all 137 aboard. On June 9 D&D player Irving "Bink" Pulling, son of Patricia A. Pulling (1948-1997) commits suicide, causing her to found Bothered About Dungeons and Dragons (BADD). On June 11 the U.S. govt. imposes heavy tariffs on some steel imports to equalize govt.-subsidized foreign competition. On June 12 after an internat. convocation at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, 750K stage a March from the U.N. to Central Park to protest the Reagan nuclear arms buildup, becoming the largest protest in U.S. history, virtually shutting New York City down; protesters demand a nuclear freeze, i.e., moratorium on nuclear weapon development, which the U.S. rejects after claiming a Soviet advantage with missiles based E of the Urals; musicians James Taylor, Bruce Springsteen, Jackson Browne, and Linda Ronstadt perform; on June 29 Polish-Am. U.S. Army Lt. Gen. Edward L. Rowny (1917-) opens new talks in Geneva with Soviet negotiator Viktor Karpov; in July U.S. medium-range arms negotiator Paul Henry Nitze (1907-2004)and Soviet negotiator Yuli A. Kvitsinsky (1936-) have a "walk in the woods" outside Geneva, and agree on a "joint exploratory package" of 75 launchers for each nation in Europe, Soviet SS-20 missiles to be limited to three warheads each, NATO Tomahawk cruise missiles to four, and no deployment of U.S. Pershing II missiles. On June 12 a bomb explodes at the home of Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal; meanwhile two bombs explode outside Jewish cafes in Paris, wounding one. On June 13 King Khalid (b. 1949) dies of a heart attack in Tali, and is succeeded by his diabetic brother Fahd (1921-2005) as king #5 of Saudi Arabia (until Aug. 2005), who calls Menachem Begin a "fanatical Zionist"; Fahd begins showing a preference to his six younger brothers, who become known as the Sudairi (Sudayri) (Sudairy) Seven; on Nov. 25, 1986 the $1.2B King Fahd Causeway (begun 1968) between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain is opened. On June 14 Argentine forces surrender to British troops on the disputed Falkland Islands. On June 17 after a march organized by them is held, PLO Rome office deputy chief Kamal Hussein (b. 1949) and his associate Nezeyk Matar are killed outside Rome with car bombs; the PLO blames Israeli PM Menachem Begin; on June 18 a bomb explodes outside the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society in Rome, and another outside the Italian-Israeli Chamber of Commerce in Rome. On June 17 U.S. Pres. (1981-9) Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) delivers a speech to the U.N. Gen. Assembly Special Session Devoted to Disarmament, with the soundbytes: "The United Nations is dedicated to world peace, and its charter clearly prohibits the international use of force. Yet the tide of belligerence continues to rise. The charter's influence has weakened even in the 4 years since the first special session on disarmament. We must not only condemn aggression; we must enforce the dictates of our charter and resume the struggle for peace"; "The record of history is clear: Citizens of the United States resort to force reluctantly and only when they must. Our foreign policy, as President Eisenhower once said, 'is not difficult to state. We are for peace first, last, and always for very simple reasons.' We know that only in a peaceful atmosphere, a peace with justice, one in which we can be confident, can America prosper as we have known prosperity in the past, he said"; "America has no territorial ambitions. We occupy no countries, and we have built no walls to lock our people in. Our commitment to self-determination, freedom, and peace is the very soul of America. That commitment is as strong today as it ever was"; "My country learned a bitter lesson in this century: The scourge of tyranny cannot be stopped with words alone. So, we have embarked on an effort to renew our strength that had fallen dangerously low. We refuse to become weaker while potential adversaries remain committed to their imperialist adventures." On June 18 Mexican drug dealer Benjamin Arellano-Felix (1952-) (AKA El Min) is arrested by the U.S. DEA in Downey, Calif. for cocaine smuggling; after release he goes on to build the Tijuana Cocaine Cartel with his six brothers, is not captured until Mar. 9, 2002 in Puebla, and on Apr. 2, 2012 after being extradited to the U.S. is sentenced to 25 years. On June 18 two men and two women set fire to the Pan Am airlines office in Ankara, Turkey to protest the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. On June 19 in a case that galvanizes Asian-Am. citizens, Chinese-Am. engineering student Vincent Chin is beaten to death outside a nightclub in Highland Park, Mich. by two unemployed auto workers who mistakenly believe he's Japanese; each one is sentenced to 3 years probation - honest mistake, won't happen again? On June 19 "God's Banker" Roberto Calvi (b. 1920), chmn. of Banco Ambrosiano in Italy is found hanging beneath Brackfriars Bridge in London; on July 23 a coroner's jury returns a verdict of suicide; after an independent investigation rules it a murder, five people are acquitted in June 2007. On June 24 British Airways Flight 9 flies through the ash plume from Indonesia's Mt. Galunggung and suffers a temporary 4-engine flameout. On June 24 the Soyuz T-6 spacecraft, carrying Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Aleksndr Ivanchenkov, and Jean-Loup Chretien (Chrétien) of France is launched, and docks with Salyut 7; on Aug. 16 Soyuz T 7 carrying Leonid Ivanovich Popov, Alexander Serebrov, and Svetlana Yevgeneyevna Savitskaya (1948-) (2nd Soviet woman in space) is launched, docking with Salyut 7. On June 25 the Inst. for Puerto Rican Policy in New York City is founded; in 2006 it becomes the Nat. Inst. for Latino Policy. On June 27 Palestinians pissed-off at his diplomatic relationship with Israel attempt to assassinate Zaire's pres. Gen. Mobutu as he lands in Bombay, India. On June 28 a heavily-armed Palestinian from Syria via Jordan attempts to kill workers at a salt plant in Elat, Israel. On June 29 Israel invades Lebanon. On June 30 a French ambassador and his secy. are attacked outside Islamabad, Pakistan by the Muslim Commandos to protest the withdrawal of two French nuclear technicians at the Chasma nuclear plant. On June 30 the deadline for ratification of the U.S. Equal Rights Amendment expires three states short of the 38 states needed for ratification due to a combined effort to stop it by Phillis Schlafly's Eagle Forum, the Moral Majority, the Am. Conservative Union, and religious groups; Schlafly goes on to work against the liberal agenda in public schools and to support the Nicaraguan Contras. In June the village of Chacalte in Guatemala is attacked by guerrillas, killing 120. In June Iran demands that Iraq pay it $150B in war reparations, and Islamic clerics vow to continue fighting until Saddam Hussein is deposed; after Iraq declares a ceasefire, Iran attacks it anyway - the U.S. later gives them their wish? In mid-1982 the first org. in the Free Zone (Scientology Freezone) (Independent Scientologists) is founded by Sea Org. Capt. Bill Robertson as Ron's Org., becoming the first Church of Scientology breakaway group, which the church labels as "squirrels" (heretics), harassing them with copyright and trademark lawsuits et al. By June 1.7K ethnic Albanians have been arrested in Kosovo for "anti-Yugoslav activities". On July 1 Sepala Ekanayake (1949-) of Sri Lanka hijacks an Alitalia jet en route from Bangkok to be reunited with his wife and child. On July 1 results from a census in China are released, fretting about the baby boom gen. since 1961 reaching childbearing age, causing the Chinese constitution to be amended to make family planning each citizen's duty, along with the 1-child rule; on Oct. 27 the final results are released showing an offical pop. of 1.008B, although critics claim it's far higher. On July 1 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 7-2 in Miss. U. for Women v. Hogan that a single-sex admissions policy for a state-supported univ. violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, and that a nursing school can't exclude males from admission because it "tends to perpetuate the stereotyped view of nursing as an exclusively women's job". On July 2 a bomb from the Unabomber explodes in the hands of Prof. Diogenes Angelakos (1920-97) in Berkeley, Calif. On July 2 Lawrence Richard "Lawn Chair Larry" Walters (1949-93) takes off from his girlfriend's backyard in San Pedro, Calif. in his homemade aircraft Inspiration I, made out of a lawn chair and 45 helium weather balloons, rising to an alt. of 16K ft., then descending by shooting some of the balloons, and landing in Long Beach after bringing down some power lines, getting arrested and uttering the soundbyte: "A man can't just sit around"; he gets a $4K fine for operating an aircraft without communicating with the control tower, which he gets reduced to $1.5K, becoming a celeb for awhile then shooting himself in the head in 1993. On July 2 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in N.Y. v. Ferber that states may ban material depicting children engaged in sexual activity even if it is not obscene. On July 3 an Am. Express branch in Athens, Greece is bombed, along with the Amcor-Israel Solar Energy heaters in Kholargos by the Marxist Rev. Popular Struggle. On July 3 ASLEF train drivers go on strike over working hours; they return to work on July 18. On July 3 German-born Israeli peace activist (former Irgun and Knesset member) Uri Avneri (Avnery) (1923-) crosses the lines during the Battle of Beirut to meet with Yassir Arafat, who meets with an Israeli for the first time; in 1993 he founds the Gush Shalom (Peace Coalition) leftist peace activist group. On July 4 Columbia 4, the 4th Space Shuttle Mission lands at Edwards AFB. Is your economy hurting, elect Hurtado? On July 4 after falling oil prices and peso devaluations bring Mexico to the brink, economist (planning and budget secy. and deputy dir.-gen.of Pemex) Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (1934-2012) of the PRI is elected pres. of Mexico (until 1988); to palliate massive opposition, several local opposition candidates are permitted to win local elections; he is sworn-in on Dec. 1 after outgoing pres. Lopez Portillo announces the nationalization of 59 Mexican banks (who owe foreign creditors over $80B) in Sept., and the IMF negotiates a "rescue loan package" coupled with a public austerity program; Hurtado begins prosecuting a number of Portillo's appointees, incl. PEMEX founder-dir. (friend of the Bush family) Jorge Diaz Serrrano, who is convicted of embezzling $58M; meanwhile the economy continues to tank, causing real wages to fall 40% by 1985 and the foreign debt to grow to over $100B. On July 4 the Soviets perform a nuclear test in Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk. On July 4 Iranian Shiite diplomat Seyed Mohsen Mousavi disappears along with three aides; the Phalangists deny responsibility, and the Sunni PLO is suspected. On July 4 the band Grass Roots, known for being on the Billboard charts for 307 straight weeks between 1967-72 holds a 1-act concert in Washington, D.C., with a record 600K in attendance. On July 5 a large bomb set by Roman Catholic Croatian Ustashi fascist nationalists is removed from in front of the Yugoslav Airlines office near St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City moments before it was set to go off. On July 6 Pres. Reagan agrees to contribute U.S. troops to the peacekeeping unit in Beirut. On July 6 a 106-min. lunar eclipse is the longest of the 20th cent. On July 7 an Iranian is discovered with a false bottom suitcase containing 3 lbs. of plastic explosives at Orly Airport in Paris, which he explains he intended to use to assassinate exiled Iranian ex-pres. Abolhassan Bani-Sadr. On July 8 Coca-Cola Co. introduces Diet Coke, sweetened with aspartame; since it costs less to produce than regular Coke, it is heavily promoted, becoming the #1-selling low-cal soft drink in the U.S.; the Tab brand is retained because of consumer demand; Diet Pepsi was introduced in 1964. On July 9 Pan Am Flight 759 (Boeing 727) crashes in Kenner, La. minutes after takeoff from Moisant Airport in New Orleans in a rainstorm, killing all 145 aboard plus eight on the ground. On July 9 intruder Michael Fagan visits Queen Elizabeth II in her bedroom for a little chat. On July 11 the Nogales-Guadalajara train plunges down a mountain gorge in Tepic, Mexico, killing 120. On July 12 after they are scrapped for stock Chevys and Fords that beat their dismal 11 mpg gasoline mileage, the last Checker Taxicab rolls off the assembly line in Kalamazoo, Mich. after 60 years; by 1993 only 10 remain in the New York City cab fleet, and only one by Mar. 1997. On July 15 British civil servant Geoffrey Prime is arrested for violating the 1911 Official Secrets Act. On July 16 former U.S. treasury secy. (1974-4) George Pratt Shultz (1920-) becomes U.S. secy. of state #60 (until Jan. 20, 1989) - not to be confused with Charles M. Schulz (1922-2000), creator of Snoopy? On July 16 Moonies leader Rev. Sun Myung Moon is sentenced to 18 mo. in prison and a $25K fine for tax fraud and conspiracy to obstruct justice. On July 19 Am. U. of Beirut pres. David Dodge is kidnapped by AMAL terrorists to exchange for an Iranian envoy kidnapped on July 4; he is held for a year, released, kidnapped again, tortured, and murdered. On July 20 British home secy. William Whitelaw announces the resignation of the queen's bodyguard Michael Trestrail from the Metropolitan Police over a relationship with a male ho. On July 20 the Hyde Park and Regent's Park Nail Bombings in London by the Provisional IRA kill four British Blues & Royals soldiers, seven Royal Green Jackets bandsmen, and seven military horses, and injure 50+ soldiers and spectators; in 1987 Gilbert "Danny" McNamee is convicted and sentenced to 25 years, then released under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement after 12 years. On July 20 Marxist Muslim bombers attack two Israeli businesses in Paris, incl. a bank, leaving anti-Semitic propaganda. On July 21 the Royal Navy flagship HMS Hermes returns home to Portsmouth from the Falkland Islands to a hero's welcome. On July 21 Gen. Celso Torrelio Villa is replaced by Gen. Guido Vildoso Calderon (1937-) as dictator-pres. of Bolivia, but this time the military junta cracks, deciding to certify the 1980 election rather than risk a new one; on Oct. 2 Hernan (Hernán) Siles Suazo (Zuazo) (1914-96) is finally sworn-in as pres. #51 of Bolivia (until Aug. 6, 1985); too bad, he inherits 75% unemployment, low tin prices, a $4B foreign debt, and the 4th worst hyperinflation in Bolivian history (1982-6), causing him to stick to the slow but workable economic plan of Calderon called #21060, which ultimately works even though his popularity tanks - why go on just let me lie here and depreciate? On July 23 high-ranking PLO official Fadl Dani is killed by a car bomb outside his Paris home; Fatah terrorist Ibrahim Souss blames Israel, which denies responsibility. On July 23 African terrorists kidnap six tourists (two Ams., two Australians, and two Brits) at a roadblock ambush near Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe, then killed on July 26, their bodies not found until Mar. 1985. On July 23 the Internat. Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1986. On July 23 rain and mudslides in Nagasaki, Japan destroy bridges, killing 299. On July 27 as the U.S. envoy returns to Beirut, Israeli jets bomb civilian areas in W Beirut, killing 120 and injuring 232. On July 28 a bomb explodes outside a Jewish business in Salburg, Austria; anti-Semitic leaflets are found nearby. On July 31 two school buses collide and burn in Beaune, France, killing 53, incl. 46 children, becoming the worst road accident in France (until ?). On July 31 a suitcase bomb explodes at a check-in station for El Al in Munich Airport in Germany, injuring seven. On July 31 the office of a Saudi Arabian newspaper in London is bombed; a pro-Iranian group claims responsibility. In July 47-y.-o. coon-hound-loving bully and rapist Ken McElroy (b. 1935) is murdered by an armed mob in his pickup truck in downtown Skidmore, Mo., and despite 55 people being subpoenaed nobody talks and no charges are filed. On Aug. 1 (Sun.) (midnight) an attempted coup against Kenyan pres. (since Aug. 22, 1978) Daniel arap Moi by air force personnel and univ. students is quickly quashed, after which Moi turns Kenya into a 1-party-state dictatorship. On Aug. 1 a Jewish bank in Vienna, Austria is firebombed, and a car owned by an Israeli embassy employee is machine gunned by the Marxist Direct Action for the PFLP. On Aug. 4 Taliban-aligned Afghanis on orders of Pakistan and financed by the U.S. attack the Soviet embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan, wounding two soldiers and capturing two more. On Aug. 4 the U.N. Security Council censures Israel for leaving troops in Lebanon. On Aug. 7 Italian PM Giovanni Spadolini resigns. On Aug. 7 Belisario Betancur Cuartas (1923-) becomes pres. #34 of Colombia (until Aug. 7, 1986), going on to introduce dem. reforms, promote low-cost housing, open univs., literacy, and tax amnesty, and initiate peace talks with drug cartels. On Aug. 7 Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia terrorists attack Ankara Airport in Turkey, killing nine (incl. one American) and wounding 70+, becoming their first strike against civilian targets (until ?). On Aug. 7 a Jewish bank in Paris once owned by the Rothschild family is bombed. On Aug. 9 four anti-Semitic Arab Muslim terrorists carry out an attack on Goldenberg's Restaurant on the Rue de Rosiers (Street of the Rose Trees) in Paris with grenades and machine guns, killing six (incl. two Americans) and injuring 22, becoming known as the worst postwar display of anti-Semitic violence in Europe; the Abu Nidal Org. (ANO) is suspected. On Aug. 11 a nitroglycerin time bomb secreted under seat 47K en route from Baghdad to Tokyo explodes 140 mi. NW of Hawaii on Pan Am Flight 830 (Boeing 747) en route from Tokyo to Honolulu, killing 16-y.-o. Japanese teenie Toru Ozawa and injuring 15 of 285 aboard, incl. his parents, blowing a 1'x3' hole in the floor of the plane causing a rapid descent from 21K ft.; in June 1988 Jordanian 15th of May Group for the Liberation of Palestine terrorist Mohammed Rashed (1947-) is arrested in Athens for the bombing, convicted on Jan. 8,1992 and sentenced to 18 years, and is released in 1996 after serving 8 years because fo Greek Orthodox Church anti-Semitism?; in Dec. 2002 he cops a guilty plea, and in 2006 a reluctant U.S. court convicts him again and gives him a short 7-year sentence, to be followed by deportation in 2013; the May 15 Group later becomes the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade. On Aug. 11 a car bomb explodes outside the Iraq embassy in Paris, injuring six incl. three children; the Shiite Movement of Islamic Action of Iraq claims responsibility to "warn French authorities against furnishing military aid to Iraq". On Aug. 12 a PLO bomb explodes in a U.S. military barracks in Frankfurt, Germany. On Aug. 12 Marxist terrorists bomb the Israeli embassy in Guatemala along with the country's only synagogue. On Aug. 12 the U.S. stock market bottoms at 776.92, then rises 38 points on Aug. 17, and rises 35% by the end of the year, creating the Great U.S. Bull Market of 1989-2002 (ends 2002); on Aug. 12 Mexican treasury secy. (1982-6) Jesus Silva Herzog Flores (1935-) tells foreign bankers that Mexico can't pay the interest on its $60B foreign debt, causing 20+ other Latin Am. countries to do ditto, incl. Argentina and Brazil, causing delays in interest payments and new loans to be granted to float them; meanwhile on Aug. 8 the Hollywood movie Fast Times at Ridgemont High is released, causing a mental connection for Wall Street traders. On Aug. 13 the Federal Reserve System cuts short-term interest rates by 0.5% in an effort to revive the economy, becoming the 3rd cut in a mo.; after it works, Paul Volcker announces that the war against inflation has gone too far, and that he is abandoning his monetarist experiment. On Aug. 13 a gunman fires at police guarding a Turkish travel agency in Paris in a complex of bldgs. housing Middle Eastern govts. On Aug. 13 Hong Kong requires health warnings on cigarette packages. On Aug. 14 the Italian Red Brigades and the Baader Meinhof Group issue a joint communique claiming they kidnapped five Israeli officers and want to exchange them for two of their members in jail in Lebanon, calling on Israel to free them when they have no influence over the Lebanese govt.; the claim proves false. On Aug. 14 an unoccupied Jewish synagogue outside Paris is bombed. On Aug. 16 a bomb destroys the offices of the Morrocan nat. airline Royal Air Maroc in Bastia, Corsica. On Aug. 17 the U.S. and Beijing sign a commique promising gradual reduction of U.S. military aid to Peking; the nationalist govt. protests that this contradicts the "letter and spirit" of the Taiwan Relations Act. On Aug. 19 the U.S. Congress approves a tax reform measure taking back one-third of the 1981 tax reductions, tightening loopholes for the rich and raising the cigarette tax, causing critics to predict the end of supply side economics while supporters blame it on rising deficits. On Aug. 20 a multinat. force lands in formerly lovely Lebanon, followed on Aug. 21 by French troops; on Aug. 21 after mediation by U.S. envoy Philip Habib, the finally PLO leaves Beirut; on Aug. 25 800 U.S. Marines land in Beirut to evacuate 8K PLO guerrillas, followed on Sept. 29 by a force of 1.2K U.S. Marines, who dig in around Beirut Internat. Airport; on Aug. 23 Christian militia leader Bashir (Bachir) Gemayel (Jumayyil) (b. 1947) is elected pres. by Lebanon's parliament, but is assassinated three weeks later on Sept. 14 (4:10 p.m.) by a bomb at the Christian Falangist Party HQ along with 26 others; on Aug. 30 PLO leader Yasser Arafat is forced out of Beirut (who heads to Greece by ship), along with 2K Syrian troops who had been protecting Lebanese Christians since 1976; the rest of the PLO agrees to go to Cyprus for dispersal to several countries; on Sept. 16-18 as Israeli forces move into West Beirut, the Sabra and Chatila Massacre of 300+ unarmed Palestinian and Lebanese refugees in Beirut by Christian Phalangist militiamen while Israelis surrounded the camp is blamed on Israeli defense minister Ariel Sharon as revenge for the assassination of Bashir Gemayel, causing calls for the resignation of PM Menachem Begin; on Sept. 21 Bashir's brother Amine (Amin) Gemayel (Jumayyil) (b. 1942) is elected to replace him as pres. of Lebanon (until 1988); meanwhile on Sept. 3 eight Israeli troops are kidnapped by the August 23 Movement in Bhamdoun in S Beirut, and six are handed to Fatah, who exchange them next Nov. 23 for 4.7K terrorists held in Ansar Prison in Lebanon plus 65 more in Israel; the other two are handed to the PFLP and exchanged on June 28, 1984; on Sept. 27 Palestinian rioters in Beirut attack Jewish homes and shops. On Aug. 21 a Lebanese Armed Rev. Factions bomb planted under car of U.S. embassy commercial advisor Roderick Grant in Paris explodes while being dismantled, killing bomb disposal expert Bernard Le Dreau, along with Bernard Mauron, who dies on Sept. 7. On Aug. 21 Swaziland king (since Dec. 10, 1899) Sobhuza II (b. 1899) dies after the longest monarchical reign in recorded history (82 years 9 mo.); his teenie son Mswati III (Makhosetive Dlamini) (1968-) becomes king under regents Queen Dzeliwe Shongwe (1982-3) and Nftombi Tfwala (1983-6) until he reaches the age of majority and is crowned on Apr. 25, 1986, becoming the youngest reigning monarch (until 2006), ruling with an iron swazi? On Aug. 22 a Sikh militant hijacks Indian Airlines Flight ? en route from Mumbai to New Delhi with 69 passengers aboard incl. James Bond 007 film production designer Peter Lamont (1929-); Indian security forces kill the hijacker and rescue everybody else. On Aug. 23 UAE diplomat Mohammed Ibrahim al-Juwayad is wounded by a Kuwaiti terrorist posing as a journalist with a Jordanian passport; Iran and Iraq accuse each other until it is discovered that he is a Palestinian who arrived from Bulgaria. On Aug. 23 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposes new rules for lead emissions in automobile exhausts, setting a 1.1g per gal. limit except for 74 refiners classified as small, who can go up to 2.5g per gal. On Aug. 26 the govt. of Argentina lifts a ban on political parties. On Aug. 31 Solidarity rallies are held in Poland, which police break up with tear gas and water cannons; meanwhile on Nov. 14 after Roman Catholic primate of Poland Archbishop of Warsaw (1981-2006) Jozef Glemp (1929-2013) urges it, Lech Walesa is released by Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski after 11 mo. in prison; next year Glemp becomes a cardinal. In Aug. the WWII aircraft carrier USS Intrepid is moored at Pier 86 in New York City on the Hudson River, becoming an air, sea, and space museum. On Sept. 1 Congress established the 110K acre Mount St. Helens Nat. Volcanic Monument. On Sept. 2 TNT sans a detonator is found on the driveway of the Yugoslavian embassy in Washington, D.C; the Croat Ustashi is suspected. On Sept. 3 Italian gen. Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa is killed in an ambush by the Mafia. n Sept. 5 Iowa paperboy Johnny Gosch is kidnapped. On Sept. 9 an express train collides with a bus outside Szekestehervar, Hungary, killing 16. On Sept. 11 Palestinians hurl a grenade at an Israeli car travelling on the Trans-Samaria road, causing the Israelis to blockade three Palestinian villages. On Sept. 12 a bus carrying German tourists hits a train at a crossing near Zurich, Switzerland, killing 39 of 41. On Sept. 13 (Mon.) Princess Grace (b. 1929) of Monaco drives her Rover P6 car off the winding roads of France leading to Monte Carlo, Monaco and down a cliff (eerily similar to a scene in the 1955 movie To Catch a Thief), and dies the next day; her 17-y.-o. "wild child" daughter Princess Stephanie (1965-) is in the car with her, and is later plagued by rumors that she was the driver - Tuesday afternoon, I'm just beginning to see, now I'm on my way? On Sept. 14 the 1982 Renteria Attack sees Basque ETA terrorists ambush several Spanish police officers on the roadway in Errenteria, killing four and wounding one. On Sept. 15 former Iranian foreign minister (1979-80) Sadegh Ghotbzadeh (b. 1936) is executed after being convicted of plotting against the govt. On Sept. 15 Black Sept. seizes the Egyptian embassy in Madrid, Spain; after the ambassador signs a renunciation of the Sinai Agreement, they leave, and he reneges. On Sept. 15 Gannett's USA Today ("the McPaper"), a full-color newspaper with condensed news for the decreasingly literate public begins pub. (until ?), founded by Eureka, S.D.-born Allen Harold "Al" Neuharth (1924-2013), becoming the only U.S. nat. daily other than Christian Science Monitor and Wall Street Journal, reaching 362,879 circ. by the end of the year, 1.4M by the end of 1985, and 5.5M by 1987; it doesn't turn a profit until 1993. On Sept. 16 a Kuwaiti diplomat is killed and his chaffeur wounded in Madrid, Spain by Abu Nidal Org. (ANO) terrorist Ibrahim Nasser Hamdan, who had mistaken him for the ambassador. On Sept. 16 Pakistani jihadists fire at Kuwaiti consul Saleh al-Jutaili in Karachi. On Sept. 17 Lebanese terrorists booby-trap an Israeli diplomat's car in Paris, injuring 40+, incl. children at a nearby school. On Sept. 18 a Palestinian terrorist attacks a synagogue in Brussels, Belgium, wounding four, then escapes, after which Black Lebanon claims responsibility in retaliation for Sabra and Shatila. On Sept. 21 the U.N. holds its first Internat. Day of Peace. On Sept. 21 five Christian missionaries incl. four nuns are kidnapped by anti-govt. rebels in Mozambique. On Sept. 21 a bomb explodes at an Iraqi cultural center in Madrid, Spain a few hours before a scheduled photo exibit of the Iran-Iraq War, destroying the photos. On Sept. 22 Soviet diplomat Anatoli Bogaty is kidnapped in Rabat, Morocco along with his wife and two children; it is later revealed that he defected to the U.S., and lost $1M that the CIA gave him to an investment shark they recommended. On Sept. 22 the sitcom Family Ties debuts on NBC-TV for 180 episodes (until May 14, 1989), set in Columbus, Ohio, becoming the only nuclear white family on the major TV networks, about liberal Dem. UCB-educated hippie flower child parents Steven Keaton, played by Michael Gross (1947-), and Elyse Keaton, played by Meredith Baxter-Birney (1947-) raising conservative Reagan Repub. kids Alex P. Keaton, played by Michael J. Fox (1961-), Mallory "Mal" Keaton, played by Justine Tanya Bateman (1966-), Jennifer Keaton, played by Kristina Louise "Tina" Yothers (1973-), and Andrew "Andy" Keaton, played by Brian Eric Bonsall (1981-); they while always shareg a hug at the end, rising to #2 in the ratings behind the nuclear black Am. middle class family Cosby Show; created by Gary David Goldberg (19442013-), owner of Ubu Productions, with the closing soundbyte "Sit, Ubu, sit. Good dog" (his black labrador retriever Ubu Roi, which he obtained in college and traveled the world with, shown catching a Frisbee in his mouth in Tuileries Garden near the Louvre in Paris; he dies in 1984). On Sept. 23 Marxist M-19 terrorists dynamite the Israeli embassy in Bogota, Colombia, injuring two incl. the ambassador's wife; a spokesman claims it was done in solidarity for Palestinians killed in Beirut. On Sept. 25 the sitcom Silver Spoons debuts on NBC-TV for 116 episodes (until Mar. 4, 1987), starring Joel Franklin Higgins (1943-) as childlike rich man's son Edward W. Stratton III, Richard Bartlett "Ricky" Schroder Jr. (1970-) as his 12-y.-o. son Ricky Stratton, Erin Gray (1950-) as his personal asst. Kate Summers, and John Houseman (1902-88) as grandfather-patriarch Edward Stratton II. On Sept. 25 400K march in Israel to demand the resignation of PM Menachem Begin. On Sept. 26 Australian parachutist Rich Collins is carried by thermals to 9.2K ft. (9.2km) before he releases his main parachute then uses his reserve parachute to land. On Sept. 26 Glen A. Larson's Knight Rider debuts on NBC-TV for 90 episodes (until Aug. 8, 1986), starring David Michael Hasselhoff (1952-) as Michael Knight, a Lone Ranger with a custom 1982 Pontiac Trans Am with AI called KITT (Knight Industries Two Thousand); spawns the films "Knight Rider 2000" (1991), "Knight Rider 2010" (1994), "Knight Rider" (2008), the spinoff "Team Knight Rider" (1997), and the series "Knight Rider" (2008). On Sept. 27 a PLO bombing of the offices of Jordanian airline Ali in Frankfurt, Germany kills a man and injures a woman; a Pan Am Airlines office and two travel agencies in West Germany that arrange flights to the Holy Land are also bombed. On Sept. 27 Burger King launches an ad campaign claiming that people prefer the taste of their Whopper to McDonald's Big Mac. On Sept. 28 two heavily-armed Fatah terrorists are arrested as they try to enter the Jewish community of Eilat on the Gulf of Aqaba, but not before one throws a grenade at a car and another enters a factory and opens fire on workers. On Sept. 29-Oct. 1 Johnson & Johnson, maker of Tylenol is confronted with the Tylenol Crisis as seven people on Chicago's West Side die from taking cyanide-laced Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules, causing them to recall it on Oct. 5, destroying 5M capsules, then introduce a new triple-sealed safety package, regaining 95% of their top market share in 3 mo. On Sept. 30 (Thur.) Cheers debuts on NBC-TV for 270 episodes (until May 20, 1993), set in the Cheers bar in Boston, Mass., starring Edward Bridge "Ted" Danson III (1947-) as bartender-owner (ex-Boston Red Sox relief pitcher) Sam "Mayday" Malone (after the retired football player char. of Fred Dryer is dumped), Shelley Lee Long (1949-) as waitress Diane Chambers, Kirsten Louise "Kirstie" Alley (1951-) as waitress Rebecca Howe (after Long leaves), Rhea Jo Perlman (1948-) as waitress Carla Tortelli, George Robert Wendt (1948-) as beer-loving regular customer Norm Peterson; also stars John Deszo Ratzenberger (1947-) as mailman-customer know-it-all Cliff Clavin, Allen Kelsey Grammer (1955-) as pshrink-customer Frasier Crane, Beatrice "Bebe" Neuwirth (1958-) as pshrink-customer Dr. Lilith Sternin, and Nicholas Colasanto (1924-85)as Coach Ernie Pantusso, who is replaced by Woodrow Tracy "Woody" Harrelson (1961-) as asst. bartender Woody Boyd; the Cheers Theme Song by Judy Hart Angelo and Gary Portnoy incl. the line "Where everybody knows your name"; it barely survives the 1st season as #77 out of 77 shows, then rides the top-10 for 8 of its 11 seasons incl. one season at #1; "Well ya see, Norm, it's like this... A herd of buffalo can only move as fast as the slowest buffalo, and when the herd is hunted, it is the slowest and weakest ones at the back that are killed first. This natural selection is good for the herd as a whole, because the general speed and health of the whole group keeps improving by the regular killing of the weakest members. In much the same way, the human brain can only operate as fast as the slowest brain cells. Excessive intake of alcohol, as we know, kills brain cells, but naturally it attacks the slowest and weakest brain cells first. In this way, regular consumption of beer eliminates the weaker brain cells, making the brain a faster and more efficient machine. That's why you always feel smarter after a few beers." On Sept. 30 a bomb set by the neofascist Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari explodes in front of a Jewish community center in Milan, Italy. In Sept. the Italian parliament passes an Anti-Mafia Law, making associating with the Mafia a crime, and launching an anti-Mafia campaign that lasts until 1988, convicting 343 people. In Sept. Forbes mag. pub. its first Forbes 400, a list of the wealthiest people in the U.S.; #1 is supertanker magnate Daniel Keith Ludwig ($2B); others incl. Gordon Getty ($1.4b), Sam Walton ($690M), Bob Hope ($280M), Warren Buffett ($250M0, Steve Jobs ($100M), and Donald Trump with a net worth "estimated at over $200 million", while he claims it's $500M; by 2012 36 of the 400 are still in the list; at the end of 2014 Trump claims to be worth $10B, but if he had simply invested his money in an unmanaged stock index fund he'd be worth $20B? German politicians love to give good Helmut? On Oct. 1 after he opposes nuclear freeze proposals in West Germany, the Free Dems. desert the Social Dems. and join with the Christian Dems. to unseat Helmut Schmidt and install Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (1930-) as West German chancellor #6 (until Oct. 27, 1998); he goes on to reunite Germany and remain German chancellor longer than anyone since Otto von Bismarck; when he assumes office he privately expresses the desire to reduce Turkish immigrants by 50%, but can't pull it off - Germany likes its helmuts? On Oct. 1 the Shippingport Atomic Power Station, first to be commissioned on May 26, 1958 becomes the first to be decommissioned; after a $98M cleanup the site is released for unrestricted use. On Oct. 1 Walt Disney World's EPCOT Center (Epcot) in Orlando, Fla. opens, becoming the world's 2nd largest theme park. On Oct. 1 Remington Steele debuts on NBC-TV for 94 episodes (until Apr. 17, 1987), starring Stephanie Zimbalist (1956-) as private detective Laura Holt, and Pierce Brendan Brosnan (1953-) as the Bogart-loving thief she hires to hide behind. On Oct. 4 an Israeli army bus en route to Israel is ambushed by the PFLP in Alayh, Beirut, killing six and wounding 11. On Oct. 5 the New York Times pub. an article on the recession, with the soundbyte: "The Reagan recession, in fact, has begun to shatter the almost blind faith among economists and many others that this recession, like its forebears, will inevitably be followed by recovery. Despite official data showing two quarters of modest growth - not the four quarters President Reagan heralded Tuesday night - the economy has failed to spurt ahead as many had anticipated it would by now." On Oct. 8 all labor orgs. in Poland are banned, incl. Solidarity, which was suspended last Dec. 13. On Oct. 8 former Social Dem. PM (1969-76) Olof Palme (1927-86) becomes PM of Sweden (until Feb. 28, 1986). On Oct. 9 Marxist Arab Muslim terrorists attack Jewish worshippers leaving a synagogue in Rome, killing a 2-y.-o. boy and wounding 34. On Oct. 11 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. breaks 1K after institutional investments pour money into the stock market. On Oct. 11 the HMS Mary Rose, flagship of English king Henry VIII that sunk in 1545 is raised. On Oct. 12-20 the St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeat the Milwaukee Brewers (AL) 4-3 to win the Seventy-Ninth (79th) World Series, incl. a 6-3 score in Game 7. On Oct. 13 the Internat. Olympic Committee (IOC) finally agrees to restore Jim Thorpe's 1912 gold medals; they are officially returned to him in Los Angeles on Jan. 18 of next year - thanks, king? On Oct. 13 the Ford Sierra is launched in Europe to replace the Ford Cortina. On Oct. 14 Pres. Reagan announces a War on Drugs, emphasizing marijuana over heroin and cocaine; 25M Americans smoke marijuana, spending $24B a year. On Oct. 15 Pres. Reagan signs the U.S. Garth-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act, removing "artificial" regulatory restraints on federally-insured S&L cos., who begin making risky loans that lead to a taxpayer bailout of $150B plus $350B in interest by 2029. On Oct. 18 a Jewish club in Cochabamba, Bolivia is bombed. On Oct. 20 a bomb seriously damages the Lebanese embassy in Rome before a scheduled visit by pres. Amin Gemayel. On Oct. 20 Roman Catholic archbishop Alexandre do Nascimento of Lubango, Angola is kidnapped in Cunene Province; meanwhile nine nuns and 15 Red Cross workers are kidnapped in the same area; Angolan separatists later claim they thought the archbishop was a govt. official in disguise. On Oct. 20 the Luzhniki Disaster sees a riot by soccer fans at the UEFA Cup match between FC Spartak Moscow and HFC Haarlem in Moscow kill 340; the police try to cover it up, claiming only 63 killed. On Oct. 22 Afghan jihadists fire U.S.-supplied rockets into the Soviet embassy in Kabul, becoming the first major attack on it since the Dec. 1979 invasion. On Oct. 22 Calif. Baha'i leader Daniel Jordan is assassinated by Iranian terrorists in Stamford, Conn. On Oct. 25 the Newhart TV show debuts on CBS-TV for 184 episodes (ends May 21, 1990), with George Robert "Bob" Newhart (1929-) as how-to book author Dick Loudon, who moves from the Big Apple to rural Vt. to run the historic Stratford Inn (real life Waybury Inn in Vt.), meeting quirky townfolk incl. George Utley (Tom Poston); Mary Frann (born Mary Luecke in St. Louis) is seldom-seen wife Joanna Loudon; William Sanderson (1940-) plays Larry, with the catchphrase "Hi, I'm Larry. This is my brother Darryl, and this is my other brother Darryl." On Oct. 26 singer Kathryn Elizabeth "Kate" Smith (1907-86) is awarded a Medal of Freedom by Pres. Reagan for singing "God Bless America" since 1938. On Oct. 26 the medical drama St. Elsewhere debuts on NBC-TV (137 episodes) (until May 25, 1988), making St. Eligius Hospital in South Boston, Mass. (the "elsewhere" other hospitals send the uninsured) famous; stars David Bowditch Morse (1953-) as Dr. Jack Morrison, and Edward Paul "Ed" Flanders (1934-95) as Dr. Donald Westphall, and makes black actors Denzel Hayes Washington Jr. (1954-) and Alfre Ette Woodward (1952-) famous, along with Canadian actor-comedian Howard Michael "Howie" Mandel (1955-). On Oct. 28 parliamentary elections in Spain give Seville-born Felipe Gonzalez Marquez (1942-) and his Spanish Socialist Workers' Party an overwhelming V with 48.3% of the vote and 202 out of 350 deputies, burying Spain's Franco past, complete with dancing in the streets of Madrid; on Dec. 1 Gonzalez becomes PM of Spain (until May 4, 1996) (longest-serving until ?); modernizers rather than radicals, they limit nationalization to the high-tension power grid. On Oct. 28 terrorists throw Molotov cocktails into a synagogue and Jewish community center in Rome, Italy. On Oct. 28 the U.N. Gen. Assembly by 111-1-18 (U.S. against) adopts the World Charter for Nature, proclaiming "principles of conservation by which all human conduct affecting nature is to be guided and judged." In Oct. former First Lady Betty Ford founds the Better Ford, er, Betty Ford Center in Rancho Mirage for drug treatment after admitting her own problems with substance abuse and getting treatment at the Naval Hospital in Long Beach, Calif., becoming the first U.S. First Lady to publicly admit alcoholism and prescription drug addiction; her daughter Susan Elizabeth Ford (1957-) got her into treatment, and in 2005 becomes chmn. of the foundation. On Nov. 1 (Jewish New Year) a bomb goes off near a Jewish synagogue in Quito, Ecuador. On Nov. 1 the Welsh language TV station S4C-TV debuts in Wales; on Nov. 2 BBC-4 debuts with the game show Countdown. On Nov. 2 with unemployment at 7.4% and new jobs being created mainly in the low-paid service industry not manufacturing, the 1982 U.S. nat. elections are a D for Reagan and Reaganomics as the Repubs. lose 26 House seats.; Menands, N.Y.-born Repub. Calif. atty.-gen. #27 (since Jan. 8, 1979) Courken George Deukmejian Jr. (1928-) becomes the first Armenian-Am. to be elected gov. of Calif. (until ?), and next Jan. 3 is sworn-in as Calif. gov. #35 (until Jan. 7, 1991); black Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley was ahead in the polls before his narrow V, becoming known as the Bradley (Wilder) Effect, the tendency of U.S. voters to vote white inside the voting booth despite their profession of loyalty for a black candidate outside it. On Nov. 3 the Salang Tunnel Fire in C Afghanistan is caused by a Soviet two fuel convoys colliding, killing up to 2.7K, which is covered-up by the Soviets. On Nov. 3 a booby-trapped car explodes close to the U.S. Marine position on a beach in Beirut, injuring a Marine along with two Lebanese civilians, becoming the first attack on them. On Nov. 3 nine Muslim Marxist Turkish Dev-Sol terrorists occupy the Turkish consulate in Cologne, Germany, taking 80 hostages after a firefight in which five are injured, unfurling a red banner reading "No to the Junta constitution in Turkey" along with a hammer and sickle and Islamic white star; on Nov. 5 10 more members occupy the Turkish info. office in Amsterdam, protesting U.S. support of the Turkish govt. On Nov. 3 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. surges 43.41 (4.25%) (record point gain) to 1,065.49, the first record high since Jan. 11, 1973 (1,051.70). On Nov. 4-6 Afghan fighters blow up the Soviet oil pipeline near Bagram Air Base N of Kabul, and another at Dash-e-Qalagi in N Samangan Province bordering the Soviet Union. On Nov. 6 pres. (since 1960) Ahmadou Ahidjo resigns, and PM Paul Biya (1933-) becomes pres. #2 of Cameroon (until ?), going on to rule with an iron hand, staging phony elections to reelect himself while enjoying expensive stays in Switzerland - i'll biya man until I dies of old age? On Nov. 7 Saye Zerbo is toppled in a coup by Maj. Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo (Ouédraogo) (1941-) (a physician), who on Nov. 8 becomes pres. of Upper Volta (until Aug. 4, 1983). On Nov. 7 the Thames Barrier is first publicly demonstrated. On Nov. 10 Soviet leader Leonid I. Brezhnev dies at age 75 after 17 years, and on Nov. 12 former KGB head Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (1914-84) becomes gen. secy. #5 of the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee (until Feb. 9, 1984); on Nov. 15 funeral services are held in Moscow's Red Square for Brezhnev, attended by more than 60 world leaders - millions begin waiting for Andropov to drop off? On Nov. 12 Armenian interpreter (Armenian Secret Army member) Nubar Yalemianis murdered in Utrecht, Netherlands by a Turkish anti-Armenian group. On Nov. 15 3K mostly Am. residents are evacuated from a 26-story apt. bldg. in Eschborn, Germany after a 12-lb. bomb is found in the basement near gas lines. On Nov. 16 Space Shuttle Columbia completes its first operational flight, landing at Edwards AFB after deploying two comm satellites. On Nov. 20 South Africa backs down on a plan to install black rule in neighboring Namibia. On Nov. 20 7-y.-o. "E.E." star Drew Barrymore hosts Saturday Night Live (SNL), becoming its youngest hot (until ?). On Nov. 22 Pres. Reagan calls for defense-pact deployment of the MX missile. On Nov. 23 Hurricane Iwa (Hawaiian "frigatebird", "thief") passes within 25 mi. of Kauai, devastating it along with Niihau and Oahu with 100 mph winds and 30-ft. waves, becoming the first major hurricane to hit Hawaii since statehood in 1959, killing four, damaging or destroying 2,345 bldgs. and 1,927 houses and leaving 500 homeless, causing $312M damage. On Nov. 25 an overloaded truck flips over near Kaitanol, Karnataka, India, killing 18 and injuring 14. On Nov. 26 failure to handle the economy causes Zenko Suzuki to resign, and on Nov. 27 Yasuhiro Nakasone (1918-) becomes Japanese PM #45 (until Nov. 6, 1987), going on to push for privatization of state-owned cos., help revitalize Japanese nationalism, and get the govt. to float a $4B loan to South Korea, causing Japanese business there to mushroom. On Nov. 26 a PLO briefcase bomb explodes in the Israeli embassy in Quito, Ecuador, killing two police and a woman. On Nov. 27 an Anti-Ku Klux Klan (KKK) Protest in Washington, D.C. is parked by the first KKK rally there in 57 years, injuring 11 police officers, who arrest 38 after the Klansmen arrive sans robes and speak in Lafayette Park. On Nov. 28 an 88-nation World Trade Org. (WTO) meeting in Geneva agrees on a new set of guidelines for encouraging free trade and halting global protectionism. On Nov. 30 African-Am. singer Michael Jackson (1958-2009) releases his mega-album Thriller, which makes him into a superstar and breaks "the apartheid of pop" that has kept black music out of the mainstream; many young blacks and whites get a new hero who shows that staying a kid through adulthood is cool?; "His high-flying tenor makes him sound like the lead in some funked-up boys choir" (Time mag.) - once Commie kids hear him they'll ditch Communism in minutes? In Nov. unemployment in the U.S. reaches 9M (10.8%) (highest since 1940) and the number of Americans living below the poverty line is the lowest since 1965, causing Reagan to finally admit the existence of a recession even as it ends after 18 mo. with the inflation rate falling to 6.1% in Aug. In Nov. the English Collective of Prostitutes (founded 1975) stages a sit-in in the red-light district in King's Cross, London to protest police harassment, causing Parliament to end prison sentences for soliciting and loitering for prostitution; too bad, the police step-up arrests,and the courts impose heavier fines. On Dec. 2 a large bomb left by an Arab destroys the Iraq consulate in Bangkok, Thailand, killing a bomb disposal expert and injuring six police and 11 civilians; the Shiite Apr. 20 Group Supporters of Iran claims responsibility. On Dec. 3 a synagogue in Medellin, Colombia is attacked by 12 PLO terrorists, who wear masks with the letters PLO on them. On Dec. 4 the 4th (1954, 1975, 1978) 1982 People's Repub. of China Constitution is adopted by the 5th Nat. People's Congress; revised in 1988, 1993, 1999, 2004, and 2018. On Dec. 4 the animated series Inspector Gadget debuts in syndication for 86 episodes (until Feb. 1, 1986), about an incompetent cyborg police inspector (voiced by Don Adams) with an unlimited number of gadgets he summons with the shout "Go Go Gadget" to fight Dr. Claw's M.A.D.; watch intro. On Dec. 5 a bomb explodes at a travel agency in Cyprus serving Arab-run Gulf Air and North Yemen Airlines. On Dec. 5 the Meramec River floods Times Beach, Mo.; on Dec. 23 the EPA announces dangerous levels of dioxin in the soil (300x the safe level), and next Feb. 23 it buys the town out for $32M, ordering it evacuated. On Dec. 6 Turkey begins celebrating St. Nicholas Day. On Dec. 6 the Droppin Well Bar Bombing in Ballykelly, County Londonderry, North Ireland by the IRA kills 11 British soldiers and six civilians. On Dec. 7 Muslim convicted murderer Charlie Brooks Jr. becomes the first U.S. prisoner to be executed by lethal injection, at a prison in Huntsville, Tex. On Dec. 7 Atari announces a drop in its earnings, causing its stock to drop by 56% on Dec. 8, signaling the death knell to its video game business; in 1984 it has $10M worth of games held in a Taiwan warehouse with no buyers. On Dec. 7 Jewish actor Will Lee (b. 1908), who plays the proprietor of Mr. Harold Hooper's Store on "Sesame Street" dies of a heart attack, and the show airs a special "Farewell, Mr. Hooper" episode on Nov. 24, 1983 (Thanksgiving Day) to explain his death to the young viewers. On Dec. 8 the Washington, D.C. police shoot and kill a man threatening to blow up the Washington Monument. On Dec. 8 two Muslim youths on a motorcycle throw a bomb at a Kuwait Airlines office and Saudi Arabian Arlines office; one bomber goofs and kills himself, and the other is arrested, turning out to be Vaheh Kontaverdian from Iran. On Dec. 8 the U.S. Boland Amendment is passed by the U.S. House of Reps by 411-0, and signed by Pres. Reagan on Dec. 21, outlawing U.S. assistance to the Nicaraguan Contras for the purpose of overthrowing the Nicaraguan govt., but allowing assistance for other purposes; meanwhile the right-wing exile Contras, directed by the CIA blow up two bridges in Nicaragua and begin the U.S.-backed Contra Rev. against the leftist Sandinista govt. On Dec. 8 the December Murders in Suriname. On Dec. 10 the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is signed, attempting to put it under the control of world courts, effective Nov. 16, 1994; Pres. Reagan refuses to sign it, but the U.S. Navy is systematically downsized from 594 ships in 1987 to 281 in 2009, and 100 submarines in 1990 to 53 in 2009. On Dec. 12 30K women hold a peace protest in Greenham Common in England, forming a human chain around the 9 mi. (14.5km) perimeter fence. On Dec. 13 the 6.0 North Yemen Earthquake in Dhamar in the W Arabian peninsula kills 1.5K. On Dec. 13 Jerzy Turowicz marks the 1st anniv. of martial law in Poland with a new trans. of the Bible Book of Job in his weekly Tygodnik POWszechny. On Dec. 13 the first Gen. Mills' Olive Garden (originally the Green Frog) Old World Italian restaurant opens in Orlando, Fla. as a sister chain to Red Lobster, growing to 145 restaurants by 1989 and 700 by 2009, serving over 200M meals (incl. 600M fresh-made breadsticks) a year, and becoming the first chain to offer all-you-can-eat pasta; they cook the pasta 1 min. past al dente for Am. palates. On Dec. 15 the U.S. Supreme Court by 5-4 in Doe v. Plyer upholds the 1978 ruling of Texas judge William Wayne Justice (1920-2009) (who ordered Texas public schools to be desegregated in 1970) that the children of illegal immigrants can attend K-12 public schools without paying tuition - John Wayne justice? On Dec. 18 3-y.-o. Tara Burke (1993-) is freed in San Francisco after being held captive and molested in a van for 10 mo.; she had been kidnapped in Concord, Calif. by Luis "Tree Frog" Johnson and Alex Cabarga; Johnson gets 527 years in prison and Cabarga 25 years. On Dec. 18-21 fire at the Tacoa Power Plant in Caracas, Venezuela kills 128 and causes half of Caracas to lose electrical power. On Dec. 19 four bombs explode at South Africa's only nuclear power station in Johannesburg. On Dec. 22 Italian soldiers find and deactivate two bombs at two U.N. schools for Palestinian refugees. On Dec. 22 the Indian Ocean Commission (COI) is created via the Port Louis Agreement. On Dec. 23 the U.S. federal tax on gasoline and diesel fuel goes up by 5 cents a gal. On Dec. 23 a bomb destroys the Israeli consulate in Sydney, Australia, injuring two; four hours later two more bombs explode at a Jewish club; the PLO is believed to be responsible. On Dec. 24 a blizzard hits TLW's town of Denver, Colo., dumping 2 ft. of snow in 24 hours; the inability of the city admin. to plow the streets in this town where deep snow rarely falls (despite its nat. image as a ski town, when it is actually not in the mountains but on the plains in front of the Front Range) causes longtime Denver mayor (since Dec. 1968) Bill McNichols to be ousted in the next election. On Dec. 24 Armenian terrorist Minas Bedros Simoniah is assassinated in Lebanon by Turkish agents. On Dec. 25 NBC-TV debuts the annual 1-hour variety show Christmas in Washington, recorded at the Nat. Bldg. Museum in Washington, D.C., attended by the U.S. pres. and First Lady; it switches to TNT in 1998 until 2014; the debut show features a clip of Pres. Reagan reading the Christmas story "A Solitary Life" to a group of children. On Dec. 26 a passenger bus plunges into a river in Brahmanbari, Bangladesh, killing 45 and injuring 80. On Dec. 27 Newsweek features the article How the Bible Made America by Kenneth Woodward and David Gates, about their research on the origins of the U.S., stating that "historians are discovering that the Bible, perhaps even more than the Constitution is our founding document." On Dec. 28 African-Am. man Nevell Johnson Jr. (b. 1962) is fatally shot by Cuban-Am. police officer Luis Alvarez in a Miami, Fla. video arcade, setting off three days of race-related disturbances that leave another man dead; in Mar. 1984 Alvarez is acquitted of manslaughter, causing two more nights of rioting and 350 arrests. On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. ends the year at 1046.55 (vs. 875.00 at the end of 1981) after hitting a record high 1072.55 on Dec. 27. In Dec. the El Nino (Nińo) weather pattern (a shift in the Peru Current away from the W coast of South Am.), which starts this year, creating abnormally warm water in the E Pacific Ocean along with variation in air surface pressure in the tropical W Pacific Ocean called the Southern Oscillation is noticed to have caused trade winds on the equator to turn around. In Dec. Honda begins manufacturing Honda Accords in a new plant in Marysville, Ohio, which builds 350K by 1991. Norodom Sihanouk becomes pres. of the Coalition Govt. of Dem. Kampuchea (CGDK), which incl. his own Funcinpec Party and the lovely Khmer Rouge, and works to oust the hated Vietnamese from Cambodia. In Mauritius the Labor Party govt. is toppled in elections by the Movement Militant Mauricien, after campaigning for the recovery of Diego Garcia Island, which the U.S. leases from Britain as a naval base. After Iranian Ayatollah Khomeini calls for the overthrow of Iraqi pres. Saddam Hussein, an attempt on his life by Shiite guerrilas in Dujail, Iraq N of Baghdad fails, causing ruthless retaliation and the torture deaths of 148 Shiites, which is later (2005) used to put him on trial for his life after the 2003 U.S. invasion - Shiite happens? The U.S. removes Iraq from its list of state sponsors of terrorism, and begins pumping up Saddam Hussein's military to counter Iran; too bad, they go too far and give them "pathogenic, toxigenic, and other biological research materials", according to a May 1994 report by the U.S. Senate Banking Committee, incl. "eight strains of anthrax" in 1985, according to U.N. weapons inspector David Kelly. The U.S. capital gains tax is cut to 20%. The first U.S. Navy squadron equipped with frontline F/A-18 Hornets becomes operational. The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Nixon vs. Fitzgerald that no sitting pres. can ever be sued for official (not private) acts - maybe this is where Bill Clinton got the idea for it not really being sex when he's sitting in the Oval Office? The U.N. Law of the Sea Treaty extends internationally recognized territorial waters to 200 mi. offshore. France ends its govt. monopoly on radio, permitting private stations as long as they're non-profit, and allowing them too in 1984. The Punjab Women Lawyers Assoc., founded by atty. ("Little Heroine") Asma Jahangir (1952-2018 protests in Islamabad, Pakistan against dictator pres. Gen. Zia ul-Haq's Islamization laws, uttering the soundbytes: "Family laws [which are religious laws] give women few rights" and "They have to be reformed because Pakistan cannot live in isolation. We cannot remain shackled while other women progress"; on Feb. 12, 1983 it protests on The Mall in Lahore against the Hudood Ordinances that make women victims of rape have to prove their innocence in court or face punishment, and the Proposed Law of Evidence that reduces the value of a woman's testimony to half that of a man's, and are brutally suppressed by the police; later in 1983 the Women's Action Forum (WAF), formed in Sept. 1981 by Jahangir et al. demonstrates in Lahore over 13-y.-o. blind girl Safia Bibi, who was raped by her employers and sentenced to three years in prison for fornication (zina), getting the appeals court to overturn the verdict. U.S. Adm. Hyman Rickover, founder of the nuclear Navy gives a speech to Congress, with the soundbyte: "I do not believe that nuclear power is worth it if it creates radiation. Then you might ask me why do I have nuclear powered ships?... That is a necessary evil. I would sink them all. I am not proud of the part I played in it. I did it because it was necessary for the safety of this country. That's why I am such a great exponent of stopping this whole nonsense of war. Unfortunately limits, attempts to limit war have always failed. The lesson of history is when a war starts every nation will ultimately use whatever weapon it has available... Every time you produce radiation, you produce something that has a certain half-life, in some cases for billions of years... I think the human race is going to wreck itself, and it is important that we get control of this horrible force and try to eliminate it." FedEx launches its "absolutely positively has to be there overnight", "by 10:30 a.m." service. Shirley Chisholm leaves Washington, D.C. to teach at Mount Holyoke College in Mass., saying "When I ran for the Congress, when I ran for pres., I met more discrimination as a woman than for being black. Men are men." The Vatican's Inst. for Religious Works (Vatican Bank) goes bankrupt, and, after the ultra-right Roman Catholic org. Opus Dei transfers almost $1B to it, Pope John Paul II elevates the latter to a "personal prelature of the Pope", an official sanction of all their practices. The British Nat. Party (BNP) is formed by John Tyndall (1934-2005) after splintering from the British Nat. Front, going on to oppose the EU along with immigration, especially from Muslim countries. The Journal of Near-Death Studies is founded by the Internat. Assoc. for Near-Death Studies in Durham, N.C. (founded in 1981). African-Am. civil rights activist folk singer Julius Lester (1939-) converts to Judaism, going on to work to heal the rift between the black and Jewish communities, and uttering the soundbyte: "The black assumption is that Jews are white people. And blacks don't understand that most Jews don't see themselves as white." The Islamic Society of North America (INSA) is founded in Plainfield, Ind. by people connected with the Muslim Brotherhood, becoming the largest Muslim org. in the Am. hemisphere. Elvis Presley's Graceland Mansion opens to the public, becoming Memphis, Tenn.'s biggest tourist attraction - but he took the garment freshener and smells okay now? Black bass baritone Simon Estes (1938-) debuts at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, then plays Wotan in Richard Wagner's "Parisfal" at the Bayreuth Wagner Festival, Birgit Nilsson calling him the greatest Wotan of the post-WWII era; in 1986 Jimmy Levine of the Met passes him over for the "Ring Cycle", stirring accusations of racism; as if there are any other black men in opera?; "Perhaps a black man singing opposite a white woman is sexually threatening" he says. Boston punk guitarist Jonathan Goldman, son of ear-nose-throat specialist Irving B. Goldman founds the Sound Healers Assoc. in Lexington, Mass. to promote sound healing, later founding Spirit Music Inc. in anything-goes Boulder, Colo. to continue his work and record albums. The Italian ready-to-wear fashion firm Dolce and Gabbana is founded in Milan by gay partners Domenico Dolce (1958-) and Stefano Gabbana (1962), preferring Hollywood glitz and black geometric clothing designs, and reaching $700M annual sales by 2005; Madonna becomes a big fan. English punk fashion designer Vivienne Westwood (1941-) introduces her Savages collection. Spago (It. "String") Restaurant on Sunset Blvd. in West Hollywood, Calif. opens in Feb. (until Mar. 2001), owned by Austrian-born chef Wolfgang Johannes Puck (Topfschnig) (1949-); in 1997 he opens Spago Beverly Hills, which becomes one of the top 40 U.S. restaurants in 2004. 16-y.-o. Am. ballerina Darci Anna Kistler (1964-) becomes the principal dancer of the New York City Ballet, the youngest ever. Lady Bird Johnson founds the Wildflower Center in Austin, Tex. Rev. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church launches the Washington Times newspaper allegedly to fight Communism (until ?). Mathaba News Agency (Anti-Imperialism Center) is founded by Libyan Col. Madman Daffy. 14 U.S. scientists found Society for Scientific Exploration (SSE), devoted to investigating what mainstream science pooh-poohs incl. UFOs, gaining 800 members in 45 countries by 2008. Apple Computer exec William M. "Trip" Hawkins III (1953-) founds video game publisher Electronic Arts. Bally/Midway releases Journey Escape for the Atari 2600, beciming the first video game inspired by a rock band. Mary Hart (1950-) becomes host of ABC-TV's Entertainment Tonight. Jessye Norman (1945-) makes her U.S. debut on Nov. 11 with the Opera Co. of Philadelphia, followed by her Metropolian Opera debut on Sept. 26, 1983 as Cassandra in Purcell's "Dido and Aeneas". Am. R&B singers Whitney Houston (1963-2012) and Bobby Brown (1960-) get married; they divorce on Apr. 24, 2007. 50-y.-o. 5'4" Elizabeth Taylor balloons from 121 lbs. to 180+ lbs., blaming it on emotional upset and not on being married to Sen. John Warner. The Mamas and the Papas are reformed by John Phillips, his daughter Mackenzie Phillips, and Elaine "Spanky" McFarlane; he dies in 2001. Beginning this thrilling year black pop star Michael Jackson's skin color begins growing whiter, causing talk of bleaching his skin; meanwhile his facial structure begins morphing from plastic surgery, esp. his nose, lips, and cheekbones (all to make him look like a black man who has transformed into a white man?); on Feb. 10, 1993 he appears on The Oprah Winfrey Show, claiming the skin color change is due to the disease vitiligo, and claiming "very little, very little" plastic surgery, "I mean you can count on my two fingers". U.S. pennies go from mostly copper to mostly zinc (3.11 to 2.5 grams). Seattle, Wash. officially declares itself the Emerald City after a contest. A young woman in N Tanzania becomes the first to die from Juliana's (Slim) Disease, named after a man selling cloth decorated with that name who infected her and other local women, becoming the first AIDS cases in Africa. A Gallup Poll reveals that 51% of Americans don't accept homosexuality as normal. The LDS Church renames the Book of Mormon (1830) to "The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ". Blue Cross and Blue Shield merge, becoming the largest provider of managed health care coverage in the U.S. The Susan Goodman Komen Breast Cancer Foundation is founded in Dallas, Tex. Billingsgate Fish Market in SE London (known for fishmongers with foul mouths and a bell that announces high tide) closes after 1K years (979 C.E.), and a new market is opened close to Canary Wharf in Docklands; in the 1930s future actor Michael Caine (1933-) went there with his dad, who worked there, calling it "an unbelievably cold and bleak experience". The Tecopa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae), first found in 1948 in streams in the Mohave Desert in Calif., and last sighted in 1972 is declared extinct. The British Board of Film Classification begins issuing the 18 Certificate to films restricted to viewers of age 18+. The Susan G. Komen for the Cure non-profit breast cancer research org. is founded in Dallas, Tex., becoming known for the annual Race for the Cure, held in the Mall of America on Mother's Day. The Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America (CAMERA) is founded in Boston, Mass. by Winifred Meiselman to monitor media for anti-Israel and anti-Jewish bias and tag them on it; by 2015 it grows to 65K members. UCB prof. Stephen Jay Greenblatt (1943-) coins the term "New Historicism" in his introduction to "The Power of Forms in the English Renaissance", using Queen Elizabeth's "bitter reaction to the revival of Shakespeare's Richard II on the eve of the Essex rebellion" to illustrate the "mutual permeability of the literary and the historical". Toyota introduces the Toyota Camry. Adobe Systems is founded by Xerox Palo Alto Research Center computer scientists John Edward Warnock (1940-) and Charles M. "Chuck" Geschke (1939-), who developed the InterPress computer printing language and go out on their own after Xerox decides not to bring it to market, claiming to redevelop it from scratch and calling it PostScript; they name their co. after a creek near the homes; next year they license their system to Apple Computer. The FCC authorizes commercial cellular (cell) phone service in the U.S.; in Dec. 1983 service begins in Chicago, Ill. at $3K installation plus $150 a mo.; the first call is made to a grandson of Alexander Graham Bell in Germany; by 1987 there are 312 cellular systems operating in 205 cities; in 1987 the Nokia conglomerate of Finland introduces a handheld cellular phone, the Mobira Cityman, which Mikhail Gorbachev is photographed making a call on from Helsinki to Moscow, causing it to be nicknamed the Gorba, helping it become the world's #1 cell phone manufacturer, and Finland the #1 cell phone consumer, with the most cell phones per capita, incl. half the pop. by 1998. Compaq Computer Corp. (Compatibility and Quality) is founded in Houston, Tex. by Texas Instrument execs Joseph Rodney "Rod" Canion (1945-), Jim Harris, and Bill Murto to produce portable IBM PC clones, setting a record for highest first year sales in Am. business history, reaching $504M sales in 1985, then reaching the Fortune 500 and $1B revenue level fastest of any business in Am. history and becoming the world's largest supplier of PC systems; in 2002 it is acquired by Hewlett-Packard for $25B. Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) (SGCS) is founded by Stanford U. prof. James H. "Jim" Clark (1944-) and six students to produce 3-D computer graphics programs, becoming the leading movie SFX producer in Hollywood and growing to 7.2K employees and $2.2B annual revenue by 1996. Sun (Stanford U. Network) Microsystems is founded in Mountain View, Calif. by German-born Stanford student Andreas von Bechtolsheim (1955-) (who later invests $200K in startup Google, receiving $1.5B back), William Nelson "Bill" Joy (1954-), Detroit auto exec son Scott McNealy (1954-), and Indian venture capitalist Vinod Khosla (1955-). Kenneth Cole (1954-) begins selling women's shoes from the back of a truck in midtown Manhattan, N.Y. incl. an $84 pair of stonewashed-denim boots, founding Kenneth Cole Productions, which reaches $300M annual worldwide sales in 1999. TriStar Pictures (originally Tri-Star) is founded by Columbia Pictures exec Victor Kaufman to pool resources with HBO and CBS to lower costs; in 1989 it is acquired by Sony; its logo is Pegasus the flying horse. FilmFour (Film4) Productions (Films) (Internat.), owned by BBC Channel 4 releases its first film "Waiter", concentrating on kitchen-sink realism and period drama, incl. "A Room with a View" (1985), "The Crying Game" (1992), "Four Weddings and a Funeral" (1994), "The Madness of King George" (1994), "Trainspotting" (1996), "Elizabeth" (1998), "Slumdog Millionaire" (2008), "The Iron Lady" (2013), "12 Years a Slave" (2013), and "Mr. Turner" (2014). Frederick Jay "Rick" Rubin (1963-) founds Def Jam Records (Recordings) in his dorm room at NYU, releasing a 45 rpm by the art punk band Hose, and going on to popularize hip hop, introducing LL Cool J, Public Enemy, Run-D.M.C., and the Beastie Boys. Megaforce Records is founded by Jon and Marsha Zazula to distribute the works of Metallica, going on to sign the Black Crowes, Anthrax, Testament, Metallica, Overkill, Ministry, and Mushroomhead. Metal Blade Records is founded in Agoura Hills, Calif. to distribute heavy metal music by Brian Slagel (1961-), giving Metallica their big break with an appearance on their 1982 compilation album "Metal Massacre, then going on to sign The Goo Goo Dolls, Slayer, Cannibal Corpse, Amon Amarth, Trouble, As I Lay Dying, Behemoth, Fates Warning, Sacred Reich, The Black Dahlia Murder et al. Chambord Liqueur is introduced, based on late 17th cent. raspberry liqueur from the Loire Valley. In Feb. Hollywood actor Paul Newman and writer A.E. Hotchner found Newman's Own, a line of food products starting with salad dressing, with profits denoted to charity, reaching $250M sales by 2008; the co. also sponsors the PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award, given annually to a U.S. resident who fights to safeguard the First Amendment right to freedom of expression vis a vis the written word. In summer the Yakima Brewing and Malting Co. Inc. in Yakima, Wash. is opened by Dundee, Scotland-born Bert Grant (1928-2001), serving food with beer, becoming the first brew pub since Prohibition; goes on to produce bottled beer brands incl. Grant's Scottish Ale, Grant's Imperial Stout, and Grant's HefeWeizen, reaching 10K barrels/year and bottle distribution to 20 U.S. states before closing in 2004. Ciabatta white bread is created by a baker in Adria, Veneto, Italy as a clone of a French baguette; a toasted sandwich made with it is called a panino. The Microbrewing (Craft Beer) Rev. begins, with six new microbreweries, growing to 4.2K by 2015; this year Hilton Harvest House in Boulder, Colo. hosts the first Great Am. Beer Festival, with 20 breweries serving 35 beers, growing to 3K beers by 2016. Reebok Co. (founded 1958) introduces the $45 glove-leather Freestyle, the first athletic shoe for women to use in aerobic dance, complete with fashion colors, causing sales to zoom past rival Nike for several years. Sports: On Jan. 10 the San Francisco 49ers defeat the Dallas Cowboys to win the NFC title and qualify for their first Super Bowl when Dwight Clark makes The Catch, a leaping catch of QB Joe Montana's pass in the end zone. On Feb. 14 the 1982 (24th) Daytona 500 (first lead NASCAR race of the season) is won by Bobby Allison (#88) in a Gatorade Buick Regal, beating Cale Yarborough by 23 sec. On Feb. 15 6'9" future coach (1992-4, 1999-2001) Daniel Paul "Dan" Issel (1948-) of the NBA Nuggets begins a streak of 63 consecutive free throws. On Feb. 27 Tacoma, Wash.-born lefty ("the Doomsday Stroking Machine") Earl Roderick "Earl the Pearl" "Square Earl" Anthony (1938-2001) wins the Toledo Trust PBA Nat. Championship, becoming the first bowler to reach $1M in lifetime earnings; in 1982 Am. expressionist artist Leroy Neiman (1921-2012) paints a famous portrait of Earl Anthony's Million Dollar Strike. On May 8 French-Canadian driver Gilles Villeneuve is killed in a qualification race for the Belgian Grand Prix. On May 8-16 the New York Islanders defeat the Vancouver Canucks by 4-0 to win the 1982 Stanley Cup, becoming their 3rd straight; next threepeat in ?. On May 8-16 the 1982 Stanley Cup Finals see the New York Islands sweep the Vancouver Canucks (first Finals appearance, and first team from W Canada since 1926) 4-0, becoming their 3-peat, becoming the last U.S.-based team until ?; MVP is Mike Bossy of the Islanders. On May 13 the Chicago Cubs win their 8,000th game by defeating the Houston Astros - an omen? On May 27-June 8 the 1982 NBA Finals sees the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Pat Riley) defeat the Philadelphia 76ers (coach Billy Cunningham) by 4-2; MVP is Magic Johnson of the Lakers. On May 30 the 1982 (66th) Indianapolis 500 sees 1973 winner Gordon Johncock defeat 1979 winner Rick Mears by 0.16 sec., the closest finish so far, after Mears overcomes an 11 sec. disadvantage in the last 10 laps to pull even with one lap remaining. On May 30 Cal Ripken Jr. plays the first of his record streak of 2,632 consecutive ML games. On June 29 the 1982 NBA Draft sees ? teams select ? players in ? rounds; after the last-place Cleveland Cavaliers trade their first round draft pick for Don Ford in 1980, Gastonia, N.C.-born 6'9" goggle-wearing forward James Ager "Big Game" Worthy (1961-) of the U. of N.C. (a junior) is selected #1 overall by the Los Angeles Lakers (#42), becoming known for his Statue of Liberty dunk and swooping finger roll, going on to play his entire career there (until 1994); 6'9" Chicago, Ill.-born forward-center Robert Terrell "Terry" Cummings (1961-) of DePaul U. is selected #2 overall by the San Diego Clippers (#34), winning the rookie of the year award before switching to the Milwaukee Bucks (#34) in 1984-9, and the San Antonio Spurs (#34) in 1989-95; Paris, France-born 6'8" forward (dunking expert) Jacques Dominique "the Human Highlight Film" Wilkins (1960-) of the U. of Ga. (a junior) is selected #3 overall by the Utah Jazz, who trade him to the Atlanta Hawks (#21) in exchange for John Drew and Freeman Williams, going on to average 20+ points per game, while Drew and Williams play a combined four seasons. On July 11 Italy defeats West Germany by 3-1 at Santiago Bernabeau Stadium in Madrid to win the 1982 World Cup under mgr. Enzo Bearzot (1927-2010), its first in 44 years; Italian pres. Sandro Pertini attends the final, wagging his finger when Italy scores its 3rd goal, later telling top scorer Paolo Rossi (1956-), "This is my best day as president." On Aug. 8, after a foul ball hits a 4-y.-o. boy in the head at Fenway Park, Jim Rice rescues him and pays his hospital bill. On Sept. 21 after getting pissed-off at never being allowed to see their contracts, Nat. Football League (NFL) players begin the 57-day 1982 NFL Strike (ends Nov. 16), their first-ever regular season walkout, and the longest in the history of pro sports (ends Nov. 16), leaving a 9-game season; the players obtain a wage scale based on longevity, along with severance pay, but fail to obtain a union-controlled salary fund and a fixed percentage of TV revenues. On Sept. 22-25 the AMF Grand Prix is held in Paris, France, becoming the first Prof. Bowlers Assoc. (PBA) event in Europe; Tom Baker defeats Mike Aulby 225-191. On Sept. 30-Oct. 9 the 1982 Commonwealth Games ("The Friendly Games") in Brisbane, Australia see 1,583 athletes from 46 nations participate in 141 events in 12 sports; the mascot is Matilda; archery and lawn bowling are first incl. in the women's events. On Oct. 25, 1982 the Charles M. Schulz comic strip "Peanuts" sees Snoopy adopt the name Joe Sandbagger as his alter ego, with a bowling avg. of 1 and a handicap of 179. On Nov. 20 the U. of Calif. defeats Stanford U. 25-20 in The Play, a kickoff return by Kevin Moen covering 57 yards and five laterals while running through the 144-piece Stanford marching band on the field, and diving into the trombonist for the final TD, then leaping with the ball as the Stanford band tries to get out of his way. On Dec. 10 Michael Marshall "Dynamite" Dokes (1958-) KOs Mike Weaver in round 1 in Las Vegas, Nev. to win the WBA heavyweight boxing title (until 1983); too bad, fans think the real champ is WBC-IBF champ Larry Holmes. After scoring his record 77th goal on Feb. 24, Edmonton Oilers center (1979-88) Wayne Douglas Gretzky (1961-) sets an NHL record with 92 goals in one season, plus a record 61 goals in the first 50 games; in the 1983-4 season he gets a record 100 goals in the regular season plus the playoffs, and another 61 goals in the first 50 games. Donald Arthur "Don" Mattingly (1961-) becomes a first baseman for the New York Yankees (until 1995), becoming one of their most popular players ever, reaching heights attained by Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Joe DiMaggio et al., and retiring without appearing in a WS, earning the nickname "Donnie Baseball". The 12th FIFA World Cup of Soccer. The NHL Colorado Rockies (founded 1976) relocate to East Rutherford, N.J. as the New Jersey Devils; after only making the playoffs once in 13 seasons; they go on to do it in 20 of the next 22 seasons, winning the Stanley Cup in 1995, 2000, and 2003; in 2007 they relocate to the Prudential Center in Newark, N.J. The Great Reno Balloon Race is first held in Nevada. James Scott "Jimmy" Connors (1952-) of the U.S. wins the men's singles title at Wimebledon, and Martina Navratilova (1956-) of Czech. wins the women's singles title for the 3rd of 9x, 1978, 1979, followed by 1983-7 and 1990); Connors wins his 4th U.S. Open men's singles title, and Chris Evert wins the women's singles title; Bjorn Borg retires next Jan. 22. The Internat. Motorsports Hall of Fame adjacent to Talladega Superspeedway in Talladega, Ala. is founded by NASCAR founder Bill France Sr.; due to the opening of the NASCAR Hall of Fame, there is no class of 2010. The Young American Bowling Alliance (YABA) is formed via the merger of the American Junior Bowling Congress, the Youth Bowling Assoc., and the ABC/WIBC collegiate divisions. Teenie Louis Michael Figueroa (1966-) sets off on foot from his hometown of Brunswick, N.J., running to San Francisco, Calif. in 60 daysto promote the Am. Cancer Society in honor of a friend dying of bone cancer, becoming the fastest and youngest person to run across the U.S. (until ?); later portrayed in the 1994 film "Forrest Gump". Nobel Prizes: Peace: Alva Myrdal (1902-86) (Sweden) [husband Gunnar Myrdal won the 1974 Nobel Econ. Prize] and Alfonso Garcia Robles (1911-91) (Mexico) [Treaty of Tlatelolco]; Lit.: Gabriel "Gabo" Jose de la Concordia García Marquez (1927-) (Colombia); Physics: Kenneth Geddes Wilson (1936-) (U.S.) [theory of phase transitions]; Chem.: Sir Aaron Klug (1926-) (U.K.) [crystallographic electron microscopy with tobacco mosaic virus]; Medicine: Karl Sune Detlof Bergstrom (1916-2004), Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson (1934-), and Sir John Robert Vane (1927-2004) (U.K.) [prostaglandins]; Economics: George Joseph Stigler (1911-91) (U.S.) [govt. regulation]. Inventions: On Feb. 19 the $65M Boeing 757 narrow-body twinjet airplane, capable of carrying 186-279 passengers up to 3.9K nautical mi. makes its test flight; Eastern Air Lines introduces it next Jan. 1; it goes on to become popular with FedEx, United Airlines, Am. Airlines, and Delta Air Lines. On May 8 IBM releases PC-DOS Version 1.1; meanwhile 10 mo. after the IBM PC is introduced, Columbia Data Products announces the first PC clone. In Aug. Royal Philips Electronics manufactures the world's first 120mm (4.7 in.) diam. plastic Compact Disc (CD) in Langenagen, near Hanover, Germany (where Emil Berliner produced the first gramophone record in 1889); on Aug. 17 the first ones are released to the public in Germany, followed on Oct. 1 by the Sony CDP-101 model in the U.S., launching a rev. in the music industry as it shifts from analog to digital. On Sept. 19 Scott Fahlman posts the first Emoticons. On Dec. 2 the aluminum-plastic Jarvik-7, the first artificial human heart, designed by Mich.-born engineer Robert Koffler Jarvik (1946-) and Dutch-born dialysis pioneer ("Father of Artificial Organs") Willem Johan "Pim" Kolff (1911-2009) is transplanted into retired dentist Dr. Barney Clark (1921-83) (inventor of kidney dialysis) by a good hands team of surgeons led by William Castle DeVries (1943-) from Cape Town, South Africa at the U. of Utah Medical Center in Salt Lake City; he lives 112 days with the device (until Mar. 23, 1983), which requires him to remain connected to a compressed-air machine. Gaston Glock (1929-) of Austria introduces the 9mm Glock 17 plastic (polymer) semi-automatic pistol, freaking out security cos. with the ability to pass radar inspections; by 1992 350K have been sold. The 16-bit Intel 80286 microchip is introduced on Feb. 1, containing 134K transistors (vs. 29K for the 8088 in 1978). Microsoft Multiplan (original name "Electronic Paper") PC spreadsheet program is introduced to compete with Visicalc (1979), using Microsoft's ability to bundle its application software with the operating system to systematically drive all rivals out of business. Elk Cloner becomes the world's first PC virus, spreading through Apple II floppy discs and displaying a poem by its author, a 9th grade student who did it for a practical joke - shoulda been awarded a Nobel, at least a Pulitzer? Texas Instruments engineer Gordon Matthews (1936-2002) patents Voicemail; in 1987 Gregory C. Carr (1959-) and Scott A. Jones (1960-) found Boston Technology, becoming the first to sell voicemail to telephone cos. The Atari 5200 Super System video game console is released, replacing the 1977 Atari 2600. The French Post Office launches the Minitel Videotex online service, accessed through telephone lines, becoming a precursor to the World Wide Web. Joseph H. "Joe" Condon and Ken Tompson (1943-) of Bell Labs develop the BELLE chess-playing computer, which contains 1.7K chips and can evaluate 160K positions per sec; it comes in 2nd at the 1982 U.S. Nat. Open Speed Chess Tournament. Applied Biosystems begins marketing an automated gene sequencer based on the work of Leroy Edward "Lee" Hood (1938-) of Caltech that can sequence 18K uncorrected bases a day, compared to several hundred a year by hand. Alsace-born Am. astronomy student Martine Kempf (1959-) designs the Katalavox PC voice recognition system, which initially operates a car, followed next year by an electric wheelchair, followed in 1984 by microsurgery to permit physicians to operate a microscope by voice commands. John F. Shoch and Jon A. Hupp of Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in Calif. develop the first computer worm program that runs in segments on multiple computers. Christopher J. Nicholson of the Nat. Geographical Society develops a lightweight underwater robot camera that can handle 150m (500 ft.) depth. After being laid off from Boeing during an aerospace industry cutback, Peter Norton (1943-) of Seattle, Wash. buys one of the first IBM PCs and begins releasing Norton Utilities, starting with UnErase to recover deleted files, going on to create anti-virus software then sell out to Symantec Corp. in 1990 for $70M and use his profits to build a large modern art collection. On Nov. 4 the Mexican govt. grants official registry to the cool jet-black Azteca horse breed. Donald Thomas "Tom" Scholz (1947-) of the rock band Boston invents the Rockman headphone guitar amplifier to give anybody the "Boston" sound. The $10 Super Soaker (original name Power Drencher until 1991) recreational water gun is invented by Mobile, Ala.-born African-Am. engineer Lonnie George Johnson (1949-), who receives U.S. patent #4,591,071 on May 27, 1986; in 1989 it is licensed to Larami Corp. (later acquired by Hasbro), becoming the best-selling toy in the U.S. in 1992. Science: On Jan. 18 the meteorite Allan Hills 81005 is found in Antarctica, becoming the first recognized as from the Moon, although Yamato 791191 found on Nov. 20, 1979 is later recognized. On Feb. 14 (night) Stanford U. physicist Blas Cabrera records the first detection of a Magnetic Monopole; too bad, no one else can confirm it (until ?). On Aug. 29 Peter Armbruster (1931-) and Gottfried Munzenberg (Münzenberg) (1940-) of the Inst. for Heavy Ion Research (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany synthesize the synthetic radioactive element Meitnerium (#109) (Mt), named after Austrian physicist Lise Meitner (1878-1968). French physicist Alain Aspect (1947-) et al. create the first pair of Entangled Polarized Photons in the lab, confirming Bell's 1964 theory of "spooky action at a distance". Am. chemist Thomas Robert Cech (1947-) discovers that RNA can act as a catalyst and participate in cellular reactions, incl. on ribosomes; in 1984 Sidney Altman (1939-) independently discovers Catalytic RNA, winning them the 1989 Nobel Chem. Prize. British psychologist Richard Lynn (1930-) pub. an article in Nature noting that IQ scores have been systematically going up since 1950; in 1998 U.S.-born Kiwi political scientist James Robert "Jim" Flynn (1934-) pub. a paper on the same subject, getting the credit, and it becomes known as the Flynn Effect; between 1950-2000 IQ scores rise about 15 points. Brazilian mathematics grad student Celso Costa (1949-) discovers Costa's Minimal Surface, a thrice-punctured torus which mathematically describes the first new non-self-intersecting (embedded) minimal surface in over a cent.; James Hoffman of the U. of Mass. generates computer pictures proving him right - is that a 3 or 4-sheeter? Western Australian physician Barry James Marshall (1951-) and pathologist John Robin Warren (1937-) of Royal Perth Hospital propose that the "unidentified curved bacillus" Helicobacter pylori is the cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, not spicy foods or emotional distress, fighting skepticism for years until proving it, then winning the 2005 Nobel Med. Prize; 80% of ulcer patients are permanently cured with antibiotics. Am. cosmologists Joel R. Primack (1945-), Phillip James Edwin "Jim" Peebles (1935-), George R. Blumenthal (1945-), pub. a theory of slow-moving (less than c) Cold Dark Matter, claiming that most of the matter in the Universe can't be observed, and explaining how it went from a smooth initial state to the current lumpy distribution of galaxies and clusters; in 1984 an influential review article by Primack, Blumenthal, Sandra Moore Faber (1944-), and Martin John Rees (1942-) popularizes the theory - Big Science's pie in the sky? A new infectious but non-replicating agent called a Prion (from "proteinaceous" and "infectious") is discovered by U. of Calif. neurologist Stanley Ben Prusiner (1942-) and proposed as the cause of spongiform encephalopathy diseases incl. scapie (in sheep), BSE (mad cow disease), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (humans), winning him the 1997 Nobel Med. Prize. Physicists Daniel Chee Tsui (1939-) and Horst Ludwig Stormer (Störmer) (1949-) of Bell Labs first observe the Hall Effect in semiconductors close to absolute zero under powerful magnetic fields, discovering that it varies in fractional as well as stepwide increments; next year Robert Betts Laughlin (1950-) of Stanford U. discovers that the electron gas condenses to form a new type of quantum fluid where each electron combines with three flux quanta to form a boson, which can be excited by another electron to create fractionally charged quasiparticles, winning all three shares in the 1998 Nobel Physics Prize. After his wife Judith notes that obese people consume carbohydrates to raise brain serotonin levels, Philly-born physician Richard J. "Dick" Wurtman (1936-)of MIT receives a U.S. patent for the use of the French diet drug Dexfenfluramine for raising brain serotonin levels to help control obesity, receiving FDA approval on Nov. 16, 1995; in 1997 the drug is withdrawn from the market after Phen-fen is found to be harmful. A team of four Australian astronomers discovers a quasar hundreds of times brighter than the Milky Way Galaxy more than 10B l.y. from Earth and travelling at 180K mi. per sec. (nearly the speed of light) on Mar. 25 - Beelzebub has a son? Eli Lilly and Co. obtains FDA approval to market Humulin synthetic human insulin produced by Escherichia coli bacteria (developed by Genentech in 1978), becoming the first commercial genetic engineering product, and causing Recombinant DNA (rDNA) to go bigtime, causing a race to create new products, incl. Human Growth Hormone (HGH), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), and Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA); the first genetically-engineered crop plant is developed, a tomato. T-10, the Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group at Los Alamos Nat. Lab, led by Walter Goad (1925-2000) founds GenBank, a public genetic sequence database later used by the Human Genome Project. A colony of prairie dog-eating black-footed ferrets, thought to be extinct since 1979 is discovered near Meeteetse, Wyo.; a mysterious disease causes the colony to shrink from 139 to 18 within five years, causing scientists to begin a captive breeding program with the remaining two fertile males and five fertile females, releasing 2K of them into the wild in 10 years. Nonfiction: Edward Abbey (1927-89), Down the River; a journal in the style of Henry David Thoreau. Francesco Alberoni (1929-), The Tree of Life. Charles Neal Ascherson (1932-), The Polish August: The Self-Limiting Revolution. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Second Words: Selected Critical Prose; feminist lit. criticism. Nina Auerbach (1943-), Woman and the Demon: The Life of a Victorian Myth; claims that the repressed Victorian woman stereotype is balanced by the countermyth of the dangerous demonic woman. Paul Benjamin Auster (1947-), The Invention of Solitude (autobio.). Michael Baigent (1948-2013), Henry Lincoln (1930-), and Richard Leigh (1943-), Holy Blood, Holy Grail (Jan. 18); the Priory of Sion, Mary Magdalene, Merovingian bloodline conspiracy theory; in Mar. 2006 the authors sue Dan Brown's publisher over his 2003 novel "The Da Vinci Code", claiming copyright infringement, and lose, leaving them with Ł3M in legal bills. Russell Baker (1925-), Growing Up (autobio.) (Pulitzer Prize); "Everyday heroes and heroines of the Depression who faced disaster with good cheer and usually muddled through"; vol. 2 pub. in 1989. George Ball, Memoirs. James Bamford (1946-), The Puzzle Palace: Inside the National Security Agency, America's Most Secret Intelligence Organization; first book pub. on the mysterious NSA (No Such Agency, Never Say Anything). William Christopher Barrett (1913-92), The Truants: Adventures Among the Intellectuals (autobio.); "In no age of history has the intellectual been more influential upon human affairs than in the modern world." Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov (1946-), The Israeli-Egyptian War of Attrition 1969-1970: A Case Study of Limited Local War. Carl E. Bartecchi, Soc Trang: A Vietnamese Odyssey; a U.S. physician in Vietnam is tricked into visiting a local orphanage and ends up setting up medical care for its 100 sick orphans; U.S. humanitarian aid could have done more than war? Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), Native Tongues; "A book of captivating language facts." Marshall Berman (1940-), All That Is Solid Melts Into Air: The Experience of Modernity; nihilism is inherent in modernism? Mary Frances Berry (1938-) and John Blassingame, Long Memory: The Black Experience in America. Pierre Berton (1920-2004), Why We Act Like Canadians: A Personal Exploration of Our National Character. Harold Bloom (1930-2019), Agon: Towards a Theory of Revisionism; The Breaking of the Vessels. Sissela Bok (1934-), Secrets: On the Ethics of Concealment and Revelation. Timothy H. Breen (1942-) and Stephen Innes, "My Owne Ground": Race and Freedom on Virginia's Eastern Shore. Alan Brinkley (1949-), Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression; David Brinkley's son becomes a historian. Frederick Buechner (1926-), The Sacred Journey: A Memoir of Early Days (autobio.). James MacArthur Burns (1918-2014), The Vineyard of Liberty; covers Am. history from 1787-1863. Fox Butterfield (1939-), China: Alive in the Bitter Sea; by the NYT's first Beijing bureau chief; about "ku-hai yu-sheng", the suffering of Chinese during the Cultural Rev. Fritjof Capra (1939-), The Turning Point: Science, Society and the Rising Culture; argues against the Cartesian, Newtonian, and Reductionist paradigms, and for Holism and Systems Theory to solve society's problems. Angela Carter (1940-92), Nothing Sacred: Selected Writings. Jimmy Carter (1924-), Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President (autobio.). Anthony Cave Brown (1929-2006), Wild Bill Donovan: The Last Hero. Noam Chomsky (1928-), Towards a New Cold War: U.S. Foreign Policy from Vietnam to Reagan. Craig Claiborne (1920-2000), A Feast Made for Laughter (autobio.). John Desmond Clark (1916-2002), The Cambridge History of Africa, Vol. 1: From the Earliest Times to c. 500 B.C.. Robert Coles (1929-) and Sherry Kafka (eds.), I Will Always Stay Me: Writings of Migrant Children. Fred James Cook (1911-2003), The Great Energy Scam: Private Billions vs. Public Good. Harry Crews (1935-), Florida Frenzy. Jonathan Culler (1944-), On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism After Structuralism. Angela Davis (1944-), Women, Race and Class; black liberation vs. the women's rights movement. Natalie Zemon Davis (1948-), The Return of Martin Guerre (Le Retour de Martin Guerre) (English trans. pub. in 1983); about Arnaud "Pansette" du Tilh, for three years (1556-9) pretended to be disappeared (1548) Frenchman Martin Guerre (1524-), living with his wife Bertrande and having two children until he was found out when the real one showed up with a wooden leg, causing him to be hanged on Sept. 16, 1560 in front of his house in Artigat. Richard Dawkins (1941-), The Extended Phenotype: The Long Reach of the Gene - the world of life is never on a slim-for-life program? Daniel Dennett (1942-), The Mind's I: Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul. Peter Diamond (1940-), Aggregate Demand Management in Search Equilibrium; proposes the Diamond Coconut Model of a search economy in which traders cannot find partners instantaneously, claiming that peoples' expectations as to the level of aggregate activity play a crucial role in determining this level ("people will only climb trees to pick coconuts if they believe that enough other people are doing it"), meaning that there may be no unique natural rate of unemployment, and even if there is, it may not be efficient. Annie Dillard (1945-), Living By Fiction; Teaching a Stone to Talk: Expeditions and Encounters. Robert J. Donovan (1912-2003), Tumultuous Years: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman [1884-1972], 1949-1953. Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), The Changing World of the Executive. Leon Edel (1907-97), Stuff of Sleep and Dreams: Experiment in Literary Psychology. Don Elkins, Carla L. Rueckert, Jim McCarty et al., The Law of One (5 vols.) (1982-98); channeling of the Ra civilization of ETs. Emil Ludwig Fackenheim (1961-2003), To Mend the World: Foundations of Future Jewish Thought. Bruce Feirstein (1956-), Real Men Don't Eat Quiche: A Guidebook to All That Is Truly Masculine; bestseller (1.6M copies); tongue-in-cheek satire of masculine stereotypes in the face of feminism; real men will eat egg-bacon pie if a woman serves it, but a girlie man will make it himself, call it by its French name, and serve it to his woman; real men don't carry lip balm, breath freshener, or opera tickets in their pockets. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), Buffalo Bill and the Wild West (Mar.); What Was Literature? Class Culture and Mass Society; disses lit. critics for dividing lit. into works for the elite and for the masses. James Fuller Fixx (1932-84), Jackpot! (autobio.); his success story. Janet Frame (1924-2004), To the Is-Land (autobio.). Herman Northrop Frye (1912-91), The Great Code: The Bible and Literature; the Bible frames the Western mindset? Paul Fussell Jr. (1924-2012), The Boy Scout Handbook and Other Observations. John Lewis Gaddis (1941-), Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security; rev. ed. 2005. Jim Garrison (1951-), Darkness of God: Theology After Hiroshima. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Atlas of the Holocaust. Carol Gilligan (1936-), In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development; disputes research by her colleague Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-87) that girls reach an avg. lower level of moral development than boys, and advocates "the ethics of care" over "the ethics of justice"; "The little book that started a revolution." (Harvard U. Press) Graham Greene (1904-91), J'Accuse: The Dark Side of Nice; claims the govt. of Nice is controlled by organized crime, getting him successfully sued for libel, although in 1994 mayor Jacques Medicin is convicted for corruption, proving him right. John R. Gribbin (1946-) and Stephen H. Plagemann, The Jupiter Effect Reconsidered (Feb.); revision of their 1974 book, trying to prop up the theory that the planets caused the 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption despite a lack of alignment; in 1999 Gribbins abandons it forever, with the soundbyte "I don't like it, and I'm sorry I ever had anything to do with it." Joan Halifax (1942-), Shaman, the Wounded Healer. Lars Peter Hansen (1952-), Large Sample Properties of Generalized Methods of Moments Estimators (July); introduces the Generalized Method of Moments for estimated parameters in statistical models where the full shape of the distribution function is unknown and maximum likelihood estimation can't be used. Willis Harman (1918-97), Changing Images of Man; Energy Future, Human Values and Life Styles. William Least Heat-Moon (1939-), Blue Highways: A Journey Into America (autobio.); his 13K-mi. cross-country drive in his van named Ghost Dancing, mostly on 2-lane roads. Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005) and Lester Thurow (1938-), Economics Explained: Everything You Need to Know About How the Economy Works and Where It's Going. Christopher Hills (1926-97), Spirulina: Food for a Hungry World. Edward Hoagland (1932-), The Tugman's Passage (essays). Benjamin Hoff (1946-), The Tao of Pooh; bestseller applying the principles of Taoism to A.A. Milne's "Winnie-the-Pooh"; followed by "The Te of Piglet" (1992). William Visser't Hooft (1900-85), The Genesis and Formation of the World Council of Churches. Irving Howe (1920-93), A Margin of Hope: An Intellectual Autobiography; his journey out of Trotskyism. Rhys Llywelyn Isaac (1937-2010), The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Pulitzer Prize); first Australian to win a Pulitzer Prize for History (until ?); documents the shift from "the great cultural metaphor of patriarchy" to communalism. Irving Lester Janis (1918-90), Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Robert Jastrow (1925-2008), The Enchanted Loom: Mind in the Universe; how the brain might have evolved by Darwinian mechanisms alone; "The era of carbon-chemistry life is drawing to a close on the Earth and a new era of silicon-based life - indestructible, immortal, infinitely expandable - is beginning." Joyce Jillson (1946-2004), Real Women Don't Pump Gas. Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-), MITI and the Japanese Miracle; the Japanese Ministry of Internat. Trade and Industry. Pauline Kael (1919-2001), 5001 Nights at the Movies. Ryszard Kapuscinski (1932-2007), Shah of Shahs; the overthrow of the Shah of Iran in 1979. Mollie Katzen (1950-), The Enchanted Broccoli Forest; bestseller. George Frost Kennan (1904-2005), The Nuclear Delusion: Soviet-American Relations in the Atomic Age. Ken Keyes Jr. (1921-95), The Hundredth Monkey; how to prevent nuclear war. Rashid Khalidi (1948-), Palestine and the Gulf; ed. Camille Mansour. Henry Alfred Kissinger (1923-), Years of Upheaval (autobio.); Nixon's 2nd admin. Kenneth Kitchen (1932-), Pharaoh Triumphant: The Life and Times of Ramesses II, King of Egypt; brings him to life, making him one of the world's top Egyptologists, "the very architect of Egyptian chronology" (The Times of London). Joseph Morgan Kousser (1943-), Religion, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward. Jonathan Kozol (1936-), Alternative Schools: A Guide for Educators and Parents. Stanley I. Kutler, The American Inquisition. Bernard Lewis (1916-2018), The Muslim Discovery of Europe; how Islamic societies were decaying since the 11th cent. and could not keep up with the West, but thought of themselves as superior until Napoleon's 1798 Egyptian campaign, after which it was too late to catch up; "Crusader successes were due in no small part to Muslim weakness." Bernard Lewis (1916-2018) and Benjamin Braude (eds.), Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of Plural Society. Primo Levi (1919-87), If Not Now, When? Robert Jay Lifton (1926-) and Richard A. Falk, Indefensible Weapons: The Political and Psychological Case Against Nuclearism. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Pieces and Pontifications (essays). Benoit B. Mandelbrot (1924-2010), The Fractal Geometry of Nature; popularizes fractals. James D. McCawley (1938-99), Thirty Million Theories of Grammar (Aug. 1). Burce R. McConkie (1915-85), The Millennial Messiah; Mormon theologian reveals his reasons for anti-Semitism; "Let this fact be engraved in the eternal records with a pen of steel: the Jews were cursed, and smitten, and cursed anew, because they rejected the gospel, cast out their Messiah, and crucified their King"; and "Let the spiritually illiterate suppose what they may, it was the Jewish denial and rejection of the Holy One of Israel, whom their fathers worshiped in the beauty of holiness, that has made them a hiss and a byword in all nations and that has taken millions of their fair sons and daughters to untimely graves." David McCullough (1933-), Mornings on Horseback: The Story of an Extraordinary Family, a Vanished Way of Life, and the Unique Child Who Became Theodore Roosevelt. Robert L. Middlekauff (1929-), The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763-1789; vol. 1 of "The Oxford History of the United States"; rev. ed. 2005. George Mikes (1912-87), How To Be Seventy (autobio.). Christopher Robin Milne (1920-96), Hollow on the Hill (autobio.). Paul Milgrom (1948-) and Nancy Stokey (1950-), Information, Trade and Common Knowledge; proposes the No-Trade Theorem, that in a market whose structure is common knowledge, any attempt to initiate a trade reveals the bidder's private knowledge, allowing everyone else to incorporate it into market prices, making them refuse any offers to avoid becoming suckers. John Robert Morris (1913-77), Londinium: London in the Roman Empire. (posth.) (last book). Richard Ward Morris (1939-2003), The Fate of the Universe. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Clinging to the Wreckage: A Part of Life (autobio.). Lewis Mumford (1895-1990), Sketches from Life (autobio.). John Naisbitt (1929-), Megatrends: Ten New Directions Transforming Our Lives; bestseller (9M copies). Joseph Needham (1900-95), Science in Traditional China: A Comparative Perspective. Aryeh Neier (1979-), Only Judgment: The Limits of Litigation in Social Change. Richard R. Nelson (1930-) and Sidney Graham Winter (1935-), An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change; uses the work of Joseph Alois Schumpeter and Herbert Simon to break with neoclassical economics and its belief in equilibrium and methodological individualism, showing how a company's "organizational knowledge" evolves and interacts with the economy, revitalizing the evolutionary economics movement. Robert Nisbet (1913-), Prejudices: A Philosophical Dictionary. Philip Norman (1943-), Shout! The Beatles in Their Generation; first major Beatles post-breakup bio., which the NYT cals "The definitive biography"; "Only in ancient times, when boy emperors and pharaohs were clothed, even fed with pure gold, had very young men commanded an equivalent adoration, fascination and constant, expectant scrutiny." Mancur Olson (1932-98), The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Staflation, and Social Rigidities; extends the idea of interest groups to nations, claiming that labor unions, steel producers, and farmers tend to form political lobbies to selfishly influence the govt. to implement protectionist and anti-technology policies, which experience little public resistance because the benefits are concentrated and the costs are diffused, but ultimately hurt economic growth. Michael Ondaatje (1943-), Running in the Family (autobio.). Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), The Importance of Childhood. Heinz Pagels (1939-88), The Cosmic Code: Quantum Physics as the Language of Nature. Abraham Pais (1918-2000), Subtle is the Lord: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein. Joseph Chilton Pearce (1926-), The Bond of Power: Meditation and Wholeness. Durk Pearson (1943-) and Sandy Shaw (1943-), Life Extension. Thomas J. Peters (1942-) and Robert H. Waterman Jr., In Search of Excellence; bestseller (3M copies); claims that business problems should be solved with as little overhead as possible and with decision-makers empowered at multiple co. levels. Kevin Phillips (1940-), Post-Conservative America: People, Politics, and Ideology (June). Sir Laurens van der Post (1906-96), Yet Being Someone Other (autobio.); how his "inner" or "other" voice saved him. Neil Postman (1931-), The Disappearance of Childhood; how TV is making kids grow up too fast. Edward C. Prescott (1940-) and Finn E. Kydland (1943-), Time to Build and Aggregate Fluctuations; correlates 70% of the fluctuation in output, investment, consumption, productivity, and employment since WWII to changes and growth in technology, founding Real Business Cycle Theory and the theory of Dynamic Stochastic Gen. Equilibrium (DSGE), which supersedes Lucas' theory of a money-driven business cycle with a supply-based model that uses technology and other real shocks to explain output fluctuations; in 2004 they win the Nobel Econ. Prize. Said Ramadan (1926-95), The Project; a plan for foisting Islamic regimes on the West, by the son-in-law of Muslim Brotherhood founder Hassan al-Banna (1906-49); after this secret document is discovered by Swiss intelligence in 2001, his Swiss-educated son Tariq Ramadan (1962-) gets more sophisticated about it - look, we're on the guest list? Maj. Patrick Rance, The Great British Cheese Book; cheeses that have gone "extinct". James Randi (1928-), Flim-Flam! Psychics, ESP, Unicorns, and Other Delusions (June). Ishmael Reed (1938-), God Made Alaska for the Indians: Selected Essays. Howard Rheingold (1947-) and Howard Levinie, Talking Tech: A Conversational Guide to Science and Technology. John M. Richardson Jr. (1938-), Groping in the Dark: The First Decade of Global Modeling. Richard Rodriguez (1944-), Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez (autobio.); his evolution from a Spanish-speaking schoolboy with 50 words of English to assimilation into mainstream Am. culture. Andy Rooney (1949-), A Few Minutes with Andy Rooney; And More by Andy Rooney; both are bestsellers. Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), The Ethics of Liberty. Ariel Rubenstein (1951-), Perfect Equilibrium in a Bargaining Model; describes the Rubenstein Bargaining Model, a 2-person bargaining game with perfect info. and impatient players who alternate offers, becoming a breakthrough in game theory. Peter Russell (1946-), The Global Brain (The Awakening Earth); how the Gaia Hypothesis isn't done yet, because the coming Internet will link humanity into an "emerging social superorganism" with a collective consciousness that is our only hope; followed by "The Global Brain Awakens" (1995) - hurry, the deadline is Oct. 31? Michel Saint-Denis (1897-1971), Training for the Theatre: Premises and Promises (posth.). John E. Sarno (1923-), Mind Over Back Pain; promotes the controversial diagnosis of Psychosomatic Condition Tension Myositis Syndrome (TMS) AKA Tension Myoneuro Syndrome. Robert Scheer (1936-), With Enough Shovels: Reagan, Bush and Nuclear War; Reagan flirts with winnability? Jonathan Schell (1943-), The Fate of the Earth; bestseller about the consequences of nuclear war. Eric Schroder, Zodiac: An Analysis of Symbolic Degrees; ed. by Arthur Middleton Young (1905-95). Susan Sheehan (1937-), Is There No Place On Earth For Me? (May 12) (Pulitzer Prize); the bizarre life of New York City schizophrenic Sylvia Frumkin (Maxine Mason) (-1994) and her life in mental institutions. Kate Simon (1912-90), Bronx Primitive (autobio.). Peter Singer (1946-) and William Walters (eds.), Test-Tube Babies: A Guide to Moral Questions, Present Techniques, and Future Possibilities. Robert Sobel (1931-99), ITT: The Management of Opportunity; the weird internat. telecom corp. (world's largest congomerate) that dabbles in right-wing politics, incl. the Nazis. Dale Spender (1943-), Women of Ideas and What Men Have Done to Them: From Aphra Behn to Adrienne Rich; how pioneering feminist work has been systematically disappeared. Starhawk (1951-), Dreaming the Dark: Magic, Sex, and Politics. Paul Starr (1949-), The Social Transformation of American Medicine (Pulitzer Prize); becomes the std. history of the Am. medical profession. Wallace Stegner (1909-83), Writer in America (autobio.); One Way to Spell Man (essays). Martha Stewart (1941-), Entertaining. Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95), A Simplicity of Faith: My Experience in Mourning. Harry G. Summers Jr. (1932-99), On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War. William Styron (1925-2006), This Quiet Dust (essays). William Taubman (1940-), Stalin's American Policy: From Entente to Detente to Cold War. John Terraine (1921-2003), White Heat: The New Warfare, 1914-18; focuses on the use of new technology. John Toland (1912-2004), Infamy: Pearl Harbor and Its Aftermath; claims that FDR knew of the attack in advance and let it happen to drag the Jew, er, U.S. into WWII, pissing-off FDR lovers, after which Seaman Z (Robert D. Ogg) comes forward to support him with his story that he was tracking the Japanese fleet all the way, and pub. his own book "Day of Deceit" in 2001. Philip Toynbee (1916-81), Towards the Holy Spirit: A Tract for the Times. Lee Trevino (1939-) and Sam Blair, They Call Me Super Mex (autobio.). Barbara Tropp (1948-2001), Modern Art of Chinese Cooking; "A magnum opus for any cooking addict." (James Beard) Jill Tweedie (1934-), Letters from a Faint-Hearted Feminist. Immanuel Velikovsky (1895-1979), Mankind in Amnesia. Gore Vidal (1925-2012), The Second American Revolution and Other Essays: 1976-1982. G.A. Wells (1926-2017), The Historical Evidence for Jesus; finds it lacking. Cornel West (1953-), Prophesy Deliverance! An Afro-American Revolutionary Christianity; his solution for black Christians is Marxism. Theodore Harold White (1915-86), America in Search of Itself: The Making of the President, 1956-1980. George F. Will, The Pursuit of Virtue, and Other Tory Notions. Garry Wills (1934-), The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Meditation on Power. Eric Robert Wolf (1923-99), Europe and the People Without History; disses historians for ignoring everybody except the ruling classes, pointing out the participation of non-Europeans in the fur and slave trades. Joseph Ezekiel Yahuda (1900-95), Hebrew Is Greek; English Jewish linguist claims that Hebrew and Arabic came from ancient Greek, providing many examples, some quite strained - pass the cracked pot of virgin pink daiquiris? Frances Amelia Yates (1899-1981), Lull and Bruno: Collected Essays, Vol. 1 (posth.); followed by Renaissance and Reform: The Italian Contribution: Collected Essays, Vol. 2 (1983) (posth.), and Ideas and Ideals in the North European Renaissance: Collected Essays, Vol. 3 (1984) (posth.). Music: Aerosmith, Rock in a Hard Place (album #7) (Aug. 1); only album without Joe Perry; first to not go platinum; incl. Lightning Strikes, Cry Me a River. America, View From the Ground (album #10) (July 15); incl. You Can Do Magic, Right Before Your Eyes; The Last Unicorn Soundtrack (album); incl. The Last Unicorn (composed by Jimmy Webb). Adam Ant (1954-), Friend or Foe (album) (solo debut) (Oct.); the theme is schizophrenia; incl. Friend or Foe, Goody Two-Shoes, Desperate But Not Serious. Asia, Asia (album) (debut) (Mar.); #1 in the U.S. (8M copies); English supergroup, incl. John Kenneth Wetton (1949) of King Crimson (vocals), Stephen James "Steve" Howe (1957-) of Yes (guitar), Geoffrey "Geoff" Downes (1952-) (The Buggles, Yes) (keyboards), and Carl Frederick Kendall Palmer (1950-) of Emerson, Lake and Palmer (drums); Heat of the Moment (#4 in the U.S.), Only Time Will Tell, Sole Survivor. The B-52's, Mesopotamia (album) (Jan. 27) (#35 in the U.S., #18 in the U.K.); produced by David Byrne. The Spandau Ballet, Diamond (album #2) (May 25); incl. Chant No. 1 (I Don't Need This Pressure On) (#3 in the U.K.), Instinction (#10 in the U.K.). Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) and the Banshees, A Kiss in the Dreamhouse (album #5) (Nov. 5); last with John McGeoch; incl. Melt!, Slowdive. Toni Basil (1943-), Word of Mouth (album) (debut); incl. Mickey (#1 in the U.S.) (based on the 1979 song "Kitty" by U.K. band Racey, written by Nicky Chinn and Mike Chapman), Shoppin' from A to Z. Bauhaus, The Sky's Gone Out (album #3) (Oct.); incl. Silent Hedges, Spirit, Exquisite Corpse. The (English) Beat, Special Beat Service (album #3) (last); incl. I Confess, Save It for Later, Rotating Head (March of the Swivelheads). Captain Beefheart (1941-) and The Magic Band, Ice Cream for Crow (album #12) (last album) (Sept.) (#90 in the U.K.); incl. Ice Cream for Crow, Semi-Multicoloured Caucasian, '81 Poop Hatch; Captain Beefheart retires to become a painter. Pat Benatar (1953-), Get Nervous (album #3) (Nov.); Shadows of the Night, Little Too Late, Looking for a Stranger, Anxiety (Get Nervous). Berlin, Pleasure Victim (album #2) (#30 in the U.S.); incl. Sex (I'm A...), The Metro, Masquerade. Blondie, The Hunter (album #6) (June 5); after it flops and Chris Stein is diagnosed with pemphigus, they break up until 1999; incl. Island of Lost Souls, War Child, For Your Eyes Only (rejected for the 1981 James Bond 007 film in favor of Sheena Easton's version). Laura Branigan (1952-2004), Branigan (album) (debut) (Mar.); sells 2M copies; incl. All Night with Me, I Wish We Could Be Alone, Gloria (first recorded in Italy in 1979 by Umberto Tozzi). Jackson Browne (1948-), Somebody's Baby (from "Fast Times at Ridgemont High"). Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Somewhere Over China (album #12) (Jan.); incl. On a Slow Boat to China. Chris de Burgh (1948-), The Getaway (album #5); incl. Don't Pay the Ferryman. Kate Bush (1958-), The Dreaming (album #4) (Sept. 13) (#3 in the U.K.); incl. The Dreaming, Sat in Your Lap, There Goes a Tenner, Get Out of My House (based on the film "The Shining"), Houdini. The Capris, There's a Moon Out Again (album); incl. Morse Code of Love; the 50s doo wop sound still lives? Kim Carnes (1945-), Voyeur (album #7); incl. Voyeur, Does It Make You Remember. Stray Cats, Built for Speed (album) (first album released in the U.S.) (June 7) (#156 in the U.S.). Soft Cell, Torch. Charlene (1950-), I've Never Been to Me (album); incl. I've Never Been to Me (#3 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) ("I've been to paradise but I've never been to me"). Cher (1946-), I Paralyze (album #18) (May 28); a flop, causing her to take five years off to become a film actress; incl. I Paralyze. Cheri, Murphy's Law; from Montreal, Quebec, incl. Rosalind Hunt and Lyn Cullerier. Chic, Soup for One Soundtrack (album) (May 2); Tongue in Chic (album #6) (Nov. 1). Chicago, Chicago 16 (album #16) (June 7); incl. Hard to Say I'm Sorry, Love Me Tomorrow. Chilliwack, Opus X (album #10); incl. Whatcha Gonna Do (When I'm Gone), Secret Information. Wang Chung, Huang Chung (album) (debut) (Mar. 4); originally Huang Chung (the sound made by a guitar); from London, England, incl. Jack Hues (Jeremy Allan Ryder) (1954-) (vocals), Nick Feldman (bass), Darren Costin (1966-) (drums), and Hogg Robinson (Dave Burnand). The Clash, Combat Rock (album #5) (May 14) (#7 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.) (2M copies); original title "Rat Patrol from Fort Bragg"; incl. Rock the Casbah (disssing the Iranian ban on Western music, with the lines "Drop your bombs between the minarets", and "Sharia don't like it"), Should I Stay or Should I Go?, Know Your Rights, Straight to Hell; the band now begins to fall apart, with Mick Jones and Topper Headon being fired; it disbands in 1983. Joe Cocker (1944-2014), Sheffield Steel (album #8) (May 22). Judy Collins (1939-), Times of Our Lives (album #16); incl. Memory (from "Cats"). Bad Company, Rough Diamonds (album #6) (Aug.) (#26 in the U.S.); last by original lineup; incl. Electricland (#10 in the U.S.), Painted Face. Alice Cooper (1948-), Dada (album #15); incl. DaDa. Elvis Costello (1954-), Imperial Bedroom (album #6) (July 2); incl. Almost Blue. Culture Club, Kissing To Be Clever (album) (debut); Boy George (George Alan O'Dowd) (1961-) (vocals), Michael Emile "Mikey" Craig (1960-) (bass), Roy Ernest Hay (1961-) (keyboards), Jonathan Aubrey "Jon" Moss (1957-) (drums); sells 5M copies; incl. Do You Really Want to Hurt Me (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.), Time (Clock of the Heart) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.), I'll Tumble 4 Ya; first group since the Beatles to have three top-10 hits from a debut album in the U.S. Joe Cocker (1944-2014) and Jennifer Warnes 1947-), An Officer and a Gentleman Soundtrack (album) (Aug. 13); incl. Up Where We Belong (written by Buffy Sainte-Marie, Bill Jennings, and Jack Nitzsche). Phil Collins (1951-), Hello, I Must Be Going! (album #2) (Nov. 1); title comes from the Marx Brothers' film "Animal Crackers"; incl. You Can't Hurry Love. Alice Cooper (1948-), Zipper Catches Skin (album #14). Elvis Costello (1954-) and the Attractions, Imperial Bedroom (album); Shabby Doll. King Crimson, Beat (album #10) (June 18); about the 25th anniv. of Jack Kerouac's "On the Road"; incl. Neal and Jack and Me, Sartori in Tangier. The Cure, Pornography (album #4) (May 3) (#8 in the U.K.); starts out with "It doesn't matter if we all die"; incl. Pornography, The Hanging Garden. The Damned, The Strawberries (album #5) (Oct.) Mac Davis (1942-), Midnight Crazy (album); incl. You're My Bestest Friend. The Dazz Band, Keep It Live (album); incl. Let It Whip. Edison Denisov (1929-96), Death is a Long Sleep (Tod is ein Langer Schlaf); variations on Haydn. John Denver (1943-97), Seasons of the Heart (album) (Feb.); incl. Seasons of the Heart, Shanghai Breezes. Devo, Oh, No! It's Devo (album #5) (Nov.); incl. Peek-a-Boo!, That's Good. Neil Diamond (1941-), Heartlight (album); incl. Heartlight; inspired by the movie "E.T.". Hamza El Din (1929-2006), A Song of the Nile (album #5). Thomas Dolby (1958-), She Blinded Me with Science (#5 in the U.S., #49 in the U.K.). Duran Duran, Rio (album #2) (May 10) (#6 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. Rio, My Own Way, Hungry Like the Wolf, Save a Prayer, The Chaffeur. Golden Earring, Twilight Zone. Ebn-Ozn, AEIOU and Sometimes Y; Ned Liben and Robert Ozn (Robert M. Rosen); first Am. record to be completely executed on a computer? Modern English, After the Snow (album #2) (May 3) (#5 in the U.K.); originally the Lepers; from Colchester, Essex, England, incl. Robbie Grey (vocals), Gary McDowell (guitar), and Michael Conroy (bass); incl. I Melt With You (#78 in the U.S., #18 in the U.K.). Tears for Fears, Mad World (debut) (#3 in the U.K.); from England, incl. Roland Jaime Orzabal de la Quintana (1961-) and Curt Smith (1961-) (childhood friends). Earth, Wind & Fire, Raise! (album); incl. Let's Groove. Tight Fit, The Lion Sleeps Tonight (#1 in the U.K.). Pink Floyd, When the Tigers Broke Free; from the 1982 film "Pink Floyd: The Wall". Foghat, In the Mood for Something Rude (album #11). Gang of Four, Songs of the Free (album #3); incl. I Love a Man in a Uniform, The History of the World, Muscle for Brains. Peter Frampton (1950-), Art of Control (album #8) (Aug. 3). Glenn Frey (1948-2016), No Fun Aloud (album) (debut) (May 28); incl. The One You Love. Funky Four Plus One, That's the Joint; Bronx, N.Y. hip hop group spawns the Philly jargon word "Jawn". Psychedelic Furs, Forever Now; incl. Love My Way. Kenny G (1956-), Kenny G (album) (debut); incl. Come Close. Kool and the Gang, As One (album #16) (Sept. 7); incl. Let's Go Dancin' (#6 in the U.K.). Paul Simon (1941-) and Art Garfunkel (1941-), The Concert in Central Park (album) (Feb. 16); recorded on Sept. 19, 1981 in front of 500K. Buckner and Garcia, Pac-Man Fever (#9 in the U.S.); from Akron, Ohio, incl. Jerry Buckner and Gary Garcia. Marvin Gaye (1939-84), Midnight Love (last album) (Oct.); released by Columbia after he leaves Motown; incl. Sexual Healing, Til Tomorrow, Joy, My Love is Waiting. J. Geils Band, Showtime! (album #13) (Nov. 12); last with Peter Wolf. Genesis, 3X3 (album) (May 21); incl. Paperlate (#32 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.); Three Sides Live (album) (June 1). Weather Girls, It's Raining Men. The Go-Go's, Vacation (album #2) (Aug. 11) (#8 in the U.S.); incl. Vacation (#8 in the U.S.) (first single cassette?), Get Up and Go, He's So Strange, Speeding (used in "Fast Times at Ridgemont High"). Eddy Grant (1948-), I Don't Wanna Dance. Nina Hagen (1955-), NunSexMonkRock (album #3); incl. Smack Jack. Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Going Where the Lonely Go; You Take Me for Granted. Merle Haggard and George Jones (1931-), Yesterday's Wine. Haircut 100, Pelican West (album) (debut) (#2 in the U.K.); from Britain, incl. Nicholas "Nick" Heyward (1961-); incl. Favourite Shirts (Boy Meets Girl), Love Plus One. Van Halen, Diver Down (album #5) (Apr. 14); sells 4M copies; incl. (Oh) Pretty Woman, Dancing in the Street, Secrets, Little Guitars, Where Have All the Good Times Gone. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Lite Me Up! (album #33); Quartet (album #34). Roy Harper (1941-), Work of Heart (album #11). George Harrison (1943-2001), Gone Troppo (album) (Nov. 5); a flop, causing him to take a 5-year break; incl. Wake Up My Love. Men Without Hats, Rhythm of Youth (album) (debut) (Mar. 20. 20); from Montreal, Quebec, incl. Ivan Doroschuk (1961-) (vocals), Jeremie Arrobas (synthesizers); incl. The Safety Dance (#3 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.), Living in China. Talking Heads, The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads (double album) (Mar. 24). Heart, Private Audition (album #6) (June 5) (#25 in the U.S.); incl. This Man Is Mine. Uriah Heep, Abominog (album #14); first with Ken Hensley (keyboards); incl. On the Rebound, That's the Way That It Is (#25 in the U.S.). Richard Hell (1949-) and The Voidoids, Destiny Street (album #2) (last album); incl. Going, Going, Gone. Don Henley (1947-), I Can't Stand Still (album) (debut) (Oct. 30); incl. Dirty Laundry, Johnny Can't Read. Bertie Higgins (1944-), Just Another Day in Paradise (album); incl. Key Largo (#8 in the U.S.). Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 50 ("Mount St. Helens"), Op. 360. Billy Idol (1955-), Billy Idol (album) (debut) (July); incl. White Wedding, Come On Come On, Dancing With Myself, Hot in the City. INXS, Shabooh Shoobah (album #3) (Oct.); incl. The One Thing, Don't Change. Janet Jackson (1966-), Janet Jackson (album) (debut) (Sept. 21); incl. Young Love. Michael Jackson (1958-2009), Thriller (album #6) (Nov. 30) (25M copies in the U.S., and 65M-110M worldwide by 2010); cover features him with a black shirt, white jacket, and white pants with black belt; incl. Thriller (the 13 min. video, based on "An American Werewolf in London" costs a record $600K and contains a warning that Jackson's Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs don't allow endorsement of a belief in the occult), The Girl Is Mine (w/ Paul McCartney), Beat It (inspired by "West Side Story"), Billie Jean; wins eight Grammys and breaks sales records, becoming the most commercially successful album of all time (until ?). Millie Jackson (1944-), Hard Times (album #16); incl. Hard Times; Millie Jackson Live and Outrageous (rated XXX) (album #17). The Jam, The Gift (album #6) (last album) (Mar. 12) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Town Called Malice, Just Who Is the 5 O'Clock Hero? Rick James (1948-2004), Throwin' Down (album #6). Billy Joel (1949-), The Nylon Curtain (album #8) (Sept. 23) (2M copies in the U.S.); incl. Allentown, Pressure, Goodnight Saigon; he gets in a motorcycle accident on Apr. 15, then separates from wife Elizabeth in July, who divorces him on July 20, 1983 and takes half of his assets. Elton John (1947-), Jump Up! (album #16) (Apr. 9); incl. Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny) (tribute to John Lennon). Grace Jones (1948-), Living My Life (album #6) (Nov.7); incl. My Jamaican Guy. Kansas, Vinyl Confessions (album #8) (June). Dead Kennedys, Plastic Surgery Disasters (album #2) (Nov.); incl. Halloween, Bleed for Me, Moon Over Marin. Chaka Khan (1953-), Chaka Khan (album #4) (Nov. 17); incl. Got to Be There (by Michael Jackson). Chaka Khan (1953-) et al., Echoes of an Era (album) (Jan. 14). Greg Kihn Band, Kihntinued (album #5). Evelyn "Champagne" King (1960-), Love Come Down. The Human League, Love and Dancing (album) (July 26). Brenda Lee (1944-), Dolly Parton (1946-), Willie Nelson (1933-), and Kris Kristofferson (1936-), The Winning Hand (album) (Dec.); from their old days at Monument Records in the mid-1960s. Level 42, Strategy (album #2); incl. Love Meeting Love, (Flying on the) Wings of Love; The Pursuit of Accidents (album #3); incl. The Chinese Way. Huey Lewis (1950-) and the News, Picture This (album #2) (Jan. 29); incl. Do You Believe in Love, Workin' for a Livin', Hope You Love Me Like You Say You Do. Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006), Trio for Violin, Horn and Piano. Fleetwood Mac, Mirage (album #12) (June 23); recorded in a French chateau; incl. Eyes of the World. Gypsy, Hold Me, Oh Diane, Love in Store. Iron Maiden, The Number of the Beast (album #3) (Mar. 29); first with vocalist Paul Bruce Dickinson (1958-); makes them heavy metal superstars, complete with criticism as Satanic, and Rolling Stone uttering the review "blusters along aimlessly, proving again that bad music is hell"; incl. The Number of the Beast, Run to the Hills, Hallowed Be Thy Name. 10,000 Maniacs, Human Conflict Number Five (album) (debut); from Jamestown, N.Y., incl. Natalie Anne O'Shea Merchant (1963-), Dennis Drew (1957-) (keyboards), Steve Gustafson (1957-) (bass), Chet Cardinale (drums), Robert N. "Rob" Buck (1958-) (guitar), and Terry Newhouse (vocals). Barry Manilow (1943-), Barry Live in Britain (album #11); recorded in Jan. 1982 at the Royal Albert Hall; Here Comes the Night (I Wanna Do It With You) (album #12) (Nov.). Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Love is the Place (album #15). Paul McCartney (1942-), Tug of War (album #4) (#1 in the U.S.) (Apr. 26); first sol oalbum after the dissolution of Wings in Apr. 1981; incl. Tug of War, Take It Away (w/Ringo and George Martin), Ebony & Ivory (w/Stevie Wonder) (Mar. 29) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.). Michael McDonald (1952-), If That's What It Takes (album); incl. If That's What It Takes, I Keep Forgettin' (Everytime You're Near. Reba McEntire (1955-), Unlimited (album #5) (June); incl. Can't Even Get the Blues (#1 country), You're the First Time I've Thought About Leaving (#1 country). Melissa Manchester (1951-), Hey Ricky (album); incl. You Should Hear How She Talks About You. John Cougar Mellencamp (1951-), American Fool (album #6) (Apr. 12); last album released under the name John Cougar; he later drops Cougar completely; incl. Hurts So Good, Jack and Diane, Hand to Hold On To, Thundering Hearts. Steve Miller Band, Abracadabra (album) (June); incl. Abracadabra. Joni Mitchell (1943-), Wild Things Run Fast (album #11) (Oct.); incl. (Your'e So Square) Baby, I Don't Care. Depeche Mode, A Broken Frame (album #2) (Sept. 27); incl. See You, The Meaning of Love, Leave in Silence. Eddie Money (1949-), No Control (album #4) (June); incl. Think I'm In Love (#16 in the U.S.), Shakin' (#63 in the U.S.) (video features Apollonia of "Purple Rain" fame), Take a Little Bit. Van Morrison (1945-), Beautiful Vision (album #13) (Jan.); incl. Beautiful Vision, Celtic Ray, Cleaning Windows, Scandinavia. The Motels, All Four One (album #3); incl. Only the Lonely. Motorhead, Iron Fist (album #5) (Apr. 17) (#6 in the U.K.); last with Eddie Clarke and Phil Taylor; incl. Iron Fist (#29 in the U.K.). Motorhead (Lemmy) and Wendy O. Williams (1949-1998), Stand By Your Man (album). Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Michael Martin Murphey (album #10). Anne Murray (1945-), The Hottest Night of the Year (album #17); incl. Somebody's Always Saying Goodbye. Roxy Music, Avalon (album #8) (last studio album) (#1 in the U.K.) (May); incl. Avalon, More Than This. Crosby, Stills, & Nash, Daylight Again (album #7) (June 21) (#8 in the U.S.); incl. Wasted on the Way (#9 in the U.S.), Southern Cross (#18 in the U.S.). Willie Nelson (1933-), Always On My Mind (album); incl. Always On My Mind, Do Right Woman, Do Right Man, The Last Thing I Needed First Thing This Morning. Juice Newton (1952-), Quiet Lies (album); incl. Love's Been a Little Bit Hard on Me, Break it to Me Gently. Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), Greatest Hits Vol. 2 (album) (Sept.); incl. Heart Attack. Klaus Nomi (1944-83), Simple Man (album #2); incl. Simple Man, Ding Dong (The Witch is Dead). Aldo Nova (1956-), Aldo Nova (album) (debut) (#8 in the U.S.); incl. Fantasy (#23 in the U.S.), Foolin' Yourself. Gary Numan (1958-), I, Assassin (album #4) (Sept.) (#8 in the U.K.); incl. We Take Mystery (To Bed) (#9 in the U.K.). Hall & Oates, H2O (album #3) (Oct. 4) (Hall and Oates make 2?); incl. Maneater (#1 in the U.S.), Art of Heartbreak, Family Man. Ric Ocasek (1949-), Beatitude (album) (debut) (Dec. 30); leader singer-songwriter of The Cars; incl. Out of Control (with Greg Hawkes on keyboards). Billy Ocean (1950-), Inner Feelings (album #4). Midnight Oil, 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 (album #5) (Nov.); incl. Power and the Passion, Read About It, Scream in Blue. Oingo Boingo, Nothing to Fear (album #2) (June 22); incl. Private Life, Wild Sex (in the Working Class). Ozzy Osbourne (1948-), Speak (Talk) of the Devil (album) (Nov. 27); recorded at the Ritz Hotel in New York City on Sept. 26-27, 1982. Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Maybe It's Live (album #7) (#16 in the U.K.); incl. Some Guys Have All the Luck. Peter and the Test Tube Babies, Pissed and Proud (album) (debut); from Peacehaven, England; incl. Del Strangefish and Peter Bywaters; I'm the Leader of the Gang. Tom Petty (1950-2017) and The Heartbreakers, Long After Dark (album #5) (Nov. 2) (#9 in the U.S.); first with Howie Epstein (bass); incl. You Got Lucky, Change of Heart, One Story Town. Humble Pie, The Best of Humble Pie (album). Iggy Pop (1947-), Zombie Birdhouse (album) (Sept.). Judas Priest, Screaming for Vengeance (album #8) (July 17) (#17 in the U.S., #11 in the U.K.); their creative slide begins after this album; incl. You've Got Another Thing Coming, Electric Eye, (Take These) Chains. Prince (1958-2016), 1999 (album #5) (Oct. 27); his first top 10 album (#9); incl. 1999, Little Red Corvette, Delirious. Alan Parsons Project, Eye in the Sky (album) (June); cover features the Eye of Horus; incl. Eye in the Sky, Mammagamma. Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), This One's for You (album) (June); released after his Mar. 18 accident in his Rolls-Royce that left him paralyzed from the waist down; incl. This One's For You. Pointer Sisters, So Excited! (album #9) (July) (#59 in the U.S.); incl. So Excited! (#9 in the U.S.), American Music, I Feel for You (by Prince). Billy Preston (1946-2006), Pressin' On (album #15). Queen, Hot Space (album #9) (May 21) (#29 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. Under Pressure (with David Bowie), Body Language, Las Palabras de Amor, Back Chat, Staying Power. Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), Radio Romance (album #8) (Oct. 1) (#31 in the U.S.); incl. You and I (w/Crystal Gale) (#7 in the U.S.), You Can't Run from Love (#55 in the U.S.). Gerry Rafferty (1947-2011), Sleepwalking (album #5). Rainbow, Straight Between the Eyes (album #6) (June 10); incl. Stone Cold. Bonnie Raitt (1949-), Green Light (album #8); incl. Green Lights. Night Ranger, Dawn Patrol (album) (debut) (Nov.); from San Francisco, incl. Jack Blades (1954-) (vocals, bass), Brad Gillis (1957-) (guitar), and Kelly Keagy (1952-) (drums, vocals); incl. Don't Tell Me You Love Me. Lou Reed (1942-), The Blue Mask (album #11) (Feb.); incl. The Blue Mask. R.E.M., Chronic Town (album) (debut) (Aug. 24); incl. Gardening at Night. The Replacements, The Replacements Stink (EP); incl. Kids Don't Follow; broken up by the Minn. police, causing audience member David Pirner of Soul Asylum to curse them on the track. Lionel Richie (1949-), Lionel Richie (album) (debut) (#1 in the U.S.); sells 4M copies; incl. Truly (#1 in the U.S.), You Are (#4), and My Love. Marty Robbins (1925-82), Some Memories Just Won't Die (#10 country). Kenny Rogers (1938-), Love Will Turn You Around (album #10); incl. Love Will Turn You Around, A Love Song. Dexys Midnight Runners, Come on Eileen (June 28) (#1 in the U.K.). Rush, Signals (album #9) (Sept. 9); incl. Subdivisions, The Weapon (Grace Under Pressure), New World Man. Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Heart is a Melody (album) (Jan. 23); Live (album). Scorpions, Blackout (album #8) (Apr. 10); incl. Blackout, No One Like You; about artist Gottfried Helnwein (1948-), whose self-portrait is on the cover. Don Dokken replaces Klaus Meine, who had vocal chord surgery. A Flock of Seagulls, A Flock of Seagulls (album) (debut) (Apr.) (#10 in the U.S.); incl. I Ran (So Far Away), Space Age Love Song. Bob Seger (1945-) and the Silver Bullet Band, The Distance (album #12) (Dec.) (#5 in the U.S.) (2M copies); incl. Even Now, Shame on the Moon (#2 in the U.S.) , Roll Me Away (#13 in the U.S.). Sandie Shaw (1947-), Anyone Who Had a Heart. Carly Simon (1945-), Why (from "Soup for One"). Twisted Sister, Under the Blade (album) (debut) (Sept. 18) (#125 in the U.S., #70 in the U.K.) (2M copies); formed in Dec. 1972; from Long Island, N.Y.; incl. Daniel "Dee" Snider (1955-), Eddie "Fingers" Ojeda (1955-), and Jay Jay French (John French Segall) (1952-); incl. Under the Blade. Smokie, Rock Away Your Teardrops (album) (debut); originally the Yen, the Sphynx, and Essence; from Bradford, England, incl. Chris Norman (1950-) (vocals), Alan Silson, Pete Spencer, Alan Barton, Ron Kelly; incl. Rock Away Your Teardrops. REO Speedwagon, Good Trouble (album #10) (June) (#7 in the U.S.); incl. Keep the Fire Burnin'. Rick Springfield (1949-), Success Hasn't Spoiled Me Yet (album); incl. Calling All Girls, I Get Excited, The American Girl, Don't Talk to Strangers. Bruce Springsteen (1949-), Nebraska (album #6) (Sept. 30) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. Atlantic City (#10 in the U.S.), Open All Night (#22 in the U.S.), Johnny 99. Steppenwolf, Wolftracks (album #9). Status Quo, 1+9+8+2 (album #15) (Apr.); sums to 20, the no. of years the group's been around; Live at the N.E.C. (album). Rod Stewart (1945-), Absolutely Live (double album) (Oct.). The Rolling Stones, Still Life (American Concert 1981) (album) (June 1) (#5 in the U.S., #4 in the u.K.); incl. Going to a Go-Go (by The Miracles), Time Is On My Side. George Strait (1952-), Strait from the Heart (album #2) (June 3) (#18 country); incl. Fool Hearted Memory (#1 country), Marina del Rey (#6 country), Amarillo by Morning (#4 country), A Fire I Can't Put Out (#1 country). Dire Straits, Love Over Gold (album #4) (Sept. 20) (5M copies); the song "Private Dancer" is given to Tina Turner after they decide it needs a female voice; incl. Private Investigations (#2 in the U.K.), Industrial Disease (#75 in the U.S.). Donna Summer (1948-2012), Donna Summer (album #10) (July 18); incl. The Woman in Me. KC and the Sunshine Band, All in a Night's Work (album #9) (Aug.); incl. Give It Up; they disband in 1984. Supertramp, ...Famous Last Words (album #8) (Oct.); last with Roger Hodgson; incl. It's Raining Again, Crazy. Air Supply, The One That You Love (album #6) (#10 in the U.S.); incl. The One That You Love (#1 in the U.S.), Here I Am (Just When I Thought I Was Over You) (#5 in the U.S.), Sweet Dreams (#5 in the U.S.); Now and Forever (album #7) (#25 in the U.S.); incl. Now and Forever, Even the Nights Are Better (#5 in the U.S.), Young Love (#38 in the U.S.), Two Less Lonely People in the World (#38 in the U.S.). Survivor, Eye of the Tiger (Rocky III Soundtrack) (album #3) (June 8); incl. Eye of the Tiger, American Heartbeat. Talk Talk, The Party's Over (album) (debut) (July) (#21 in the u.K.); clone of New Wave group Duran Duran complete with repetitive name, producer Colin Thurston, and EMI label; from London, England, incl. Mark Hollis (1955-) (vocals), Lee David Harris (1962-) (drums), Paul Douglas Webb (1962-) (bass), Tim Friese-Greene, and Simon Brenner (keyboards); incl. Talk Talk, Today. George Thorogood (1950-) and the Destroyers, Bad to the Bone (album #5) (Sept.); Ian Stewart plays keyboards; incl. Bad to the Bone. Mel Tillis (1932-) and the Statesiders, Southern Rains (#1 country). Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), The Blue Guitar. Four Tops, One More Mountain (album); incl. I Believe in You and Me. Toto, Toto IV (album #4) (Apr. 8); incl. Rosanna (#2 in the U.S.) (just a coincidence that member Steve Porcaro used to go out with actress Rosanna Arquette?), Africa (#1 in the U.S.), I Won't Hold You Back. Cheap Trick, One On One (album #6) (Apr. 30); first with bassist Jon Brant; incl. If You Want My Love, She's Tight, Saturday at Midnight. The Tubes, The Completion Backward Principle (album); incl. Don't Want to Wait Anymore, Talk To Ya Later. Jethro Tull, The Broadsword and the Beast (album #14) (Apr. 10). Thompson Twins, Set (album #2) (Feb.); Jane Shorter leaves, Matthew Seligman (bass) joins; incl. In the Name of Love; In the Name of Love (album). The Ventures, St. Louis Memory (album); The Last Album on Liberty (album); incl. Airport 1975 Theme. Romeo Void, Never Say Never (album); incl. Never Say Never; becomes the anthem of Am. New Wave Music, and is featured in the 1984 film "Reckless"; Benefactor (album #2) (Nov.). Dionne Warwick (1940-), No Night So Long (album); incl. No Night So Long, Easy Love, Two Ships Passing in the Night. Dionne Warwick (1940-) and the Bee Gees, Heartbreaker. Dionne Warwick (1940-) and Johnny Mathis (1935-), Friends in Love. Wham!, Wham Rap! (Enjoy What You Do) (June) (debut); from England, incl. George Michael (Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou) (1963-2016) and Andrew John Ridgeley (1963-). The Waitresses, Wasn't Tomorrow Wonderful (album) (debut) (Jan. 11); from Akron, Ohio, incl. Patricia J. "Patty" Donahue (1956-96) (vocals), Chris Butler (1949-) (guitar-songwriter); incl. I Know What Boys Like (#23 in the U.S.); I Could Rule the World If I Could Only Get the Parts (album #2) (Nov. 8); incl. Christmas Wrapping. Whitesnake, Saints & Sinners (album #6) (Nov. 20); first album after David Coverdale takes a break to care for his sick daughter then fires half the band; Mel Galley (lead guitar), Colin Hodgkinson (bass), Cozy Powell (drums); incl. Here I Go Again. The Who, It's Hard (album #10) (Sept. 4); last with John Entwistle and Kenney Jones, last on Warner Bros. Records, and last original album until 2006; incl. Athena, Eminence Front, I've Known No War. Stevie Wonder (1950-), Stevie Wonder's Original Musiquarium I (double album) (May 4); incl. Living for the City, That Girl, Do I Do, Ribbon in the Sky. Bow Wow Wow, The Last of the Mohicans (album); incl. Go Wild in the Country (#7 in the U.K.), I Want Candy (#67 in the U.S.); the dreadful-commercial-by-talentless-teen-idol-era begins already? Yehudi Wyner (1929-), On This Most Voluptuous Night. Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Another Chance; You Still Get to Me In My Dreams. XTC, English Settlement (album #5) (Feb. 12) (#48 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.); incl. Senses Working Overtime (#10 in the U.K.), Ball and Chain (#58 in the U.K.), No Thugs in Our House. Neil Young (1945-), Trans (album) (Dec. 29); incl. Computer Cowboy. Musical Youth, The Youth of Today (album) (debut) (Oct.); 4 students from Duddleston Manor School in Birmingham, England via Jamaica, incl. Kelvin Grant, Michael Grant, Junior Waite, Patrick Waite; incl. Pass the Dutchie (#10 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (4M copies); cover of "Pass the Kouchie" by the Mighty Diamonds, written by Leroy Sibbles and Jackie Mittoo, referring to a pot pipe, Dutchie being a pot cigar (Dutch Masters). Frank Zappa (1940-93), Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch (album) (May 3); cover shows the Zappa Droodle by Roger Price (1918-90), captioned "Mother pyramid feeding her baby"; incl. Drowning Witch, Valley Girl (with his daughter Moon Unit Zappa voicing Valspeak) ("Gag me with a spoon"). Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (1939-), Three Movements for Orchestra (Symphony No. 1) (Pulitzer Prize) (first female to win). Movies: The year when Hollyweird begins explicitly pushing homosexuality on its not-so-eager public via comedies? Ken Finkleman's Airplane II: The Sequel (Flying High II: The Sequel) (Dec. 10) spoofs Star Trek, complete with William Shatner; also stars Robert Hays, Julie Hagerty, Lloyd Bridges, Chad Everett, Rip Torn, and Sonny Bono. John Huston's Annie (June 1), an adaptation of the Broadway musical by Thomas Meehan stars cute redhead Aileen Quinn as Orphan Annie, Albert Finney as Daddy Oliver Warbucks, Ann Reinking as Grace Farrell, Tim Curry as Rooster Hannigan, Bernadette Peters as Lily St. Regis, and Carol Burnett as Miss Hannigan. Ettore Scola's Le Bal illustrates the changes in French society over 50 years with only music and dancing, incl. music by Chopin and Paul McCartney. Frank Henenlotter's Basket Case (Apr. 7) (Basket Case Productions) stars Kevin Van Hentenryck as Duane Bradley, who arrives in New York City with his deformed conjoined twin brother Belial locked in a wicker basket and searches for the doctors who separated them; "The tenant in Room 7 is very small, very twisted, and very mad"; "What's in the basket, easter eggs?" film critic Rex Reed pans it as "the sickest movie ever made", making it more popular?; does ? box office on a $16K budget. followed by "Basket Case 2" (1990), "Basket Case 3: The Progeny" (1991). Eric Rohmer's Le Beau Marriage (Aug. 27) stars Beatrice Romand as Sabine, who pursues uninterested Edmond (Andre Dussollier). Colin Higgins' The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (July 23) (RKO Pictures) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1978 musical by Larry L. King stars Dolly Parton as Mona Stangley, madame of the Chicken Ranch in Gilbert, Tex., Burt Reynolds as Sheriff Ed Earl Dodd, Jim Nabors as Deputy Fred, and Charles Durning as the governor; does $69.69M box office on a $20.5M budget. Ridley Scott's Blade Runner (June 25) (The Ladd Co.) (Warner Bros.), the first sci-fi film noir is based on the 1968 Philip K. Dick story "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep"; stars Harrison Ford and Edward James Olmos as Nov. 2019 climate-fucked LA cops Rick Deckard and Gaff, who must track down pesky "replicants", humanoid robots Daryl Hannah ("Pris"), Joanna Cassidy ("Zhora"), Brion James ("Leon Kowalski"), led by Rutger Hauer ("Roy Batty"), who are programmed to die in days and are searching for their maker Eldon Tyrell (Joe Turkel), finally getting to him through his asst. J.F. Sebastian (William Sanderson), only to discover he's a replicant too; meanwhile Deckard falls for replicant Rachael (Sean Young), and has to decide between eloping or terminating her; Deckard is a replicant?; score by Vangelis features Rachel's Song, End Theme; watch trailer; view clip; TLW's favorite sci-fi flick other than Star Trek and Star Wars; should have been set in Nov. 2049 not Nov. 2019? Ann Hui's Boat People (Oct. 22) stars Lam Chi-Cheung. Jeremy Kagan's The Chosen (June 4) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the 1967 Chaim Potok novel stars Robby Benson as brilliant Brooklyn teenie Danny Saunders, who bucks his orthodox rabbi father Reb Saunders (Rod Steiger) to become a psychologist, Barry Miller as his friend Reuven Malter, and Maximilian Schell as his zealous Zionist dad Prof. David Malter in a movie that makes men feel embarrassed to wear beards?; does $3.2M box office on a ? budget. George A. Romero's Creepshow (May 16) (Laurel Entertainment) (Warner Bros. Pictures), filmed on location in Pittsburgh, Penn. and written by Stephen King (his screenwriting debut) has an ensemble cast incl. Hal Holbrook, Adrienne Barbeau, Fritz Weaver, Leslie Nielsen, Ted Danson, and E.G. Marshall, plus King in his acting debut; King's son Joe plays Billy, who is punished by his father for reading horror comics; does $21M box office on an $8M budget; followed by "Creepshow 2" (1987). Andrzej Wajda's Danton (Jan. 12), about the French Terror of 1793 stars Gerard Depardieu as Danton, and Wojciech Pszoniak as Robespierre. stars Gerard Depardieu. Wolfgang Petersen's Das Boot (Sept. 17) (Bavaria Film) (Westdeutscher Rundfunk) (SWR Fensehen) (Neue Constantin Film), based on the 1973 novel by Lothar-Guenther Buccheim (originally a German TV special), based on the life of U-96 Capt. Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock (1911-86) stars Jurgen Prochnow as the heroic but frustrated and doomed captain of German U-boat U-96 in WWII, told from the perspective of Lt. Werner (Herbert Groenemeyer); the best German-perspective WWII movie ever made?; does $84.9M box office on a 32M DM budget - not a Jew in sight, so they don't have to show their nasty anti-Semitic side? Eli Hollander's Deadly Drifter, based on the 1975 novel "98.6" by Ronald Sukenick stars Peter Coyote, O-Lan Jones, and Danny Glover in an artsy-fartsy ensemble piece about a group of homeless urban Am. guerrillas in search of the Old Man, who change identities and roles at each new city, where one or more of them is given a stick of dynamite to signify they're It; Rex (Coyote) ultimately discovers some secrets about Jonah and the Whale; "You can't have the schleung"; "Allow simmer"; "I know who you are, you're Tommy the Tourist"; "Trixie, it's time to make the soup"; "Today I'm Carl, tomorrow I might be someone else"; "Don't grieve, organize"; "The only way to fight the plot is by counterplot"; "Rex, go to the sea." Barry Levinson's Diner (Mar. 5), about a group of Baltimore high school chums meeting at their old Baltimore Fells Point diner in 1959 is a casting coup, with many unknowns who later become stars incl. Kevin Bacon, Mickey Rourke, Steve Guttenberg, and Ellen Barkin; one character obsessively quotes from the 1957 Burt Lancaster-Tony Curtis film "Sweet Smell of Success". Jean-Jacques Beineix's Diva (Apr. 23) stars Frederic Andrei as Jules and Wilhelmenia Wiggins Fernandez as Cynthia Hawkins in a French thriller. Paul Bartel's Eating Raoul (Mar. 24) stars Bartel and Mary Woronov as conservative Hollywood couple Paul and Mary Bland, who murder swingers for their money then sell the corpses to a dog food co. for extra cash. Peter Greenaway's The Draughtsman's Contract (Channel 4) (British Film Inst.) (United Artists) is a murder mystery starring Anthony Higgins as young arrogant Byron clone artist Mr. Neville in 1694 Wiltshire, England, who contracts with Mrs. Virginia Herbert (Janet Suzman) for 12 landscape drawings accompanied by sexual encounters, and when she gets tired of it, her married daughter Mrs. Talmann (Anne-Louise Lambert) makes him sign a second contract in which he must comply with her pleasure instead of his; score by Michael Nyman based on melodies by Henry Purcell; Greenaway's first feature film. Caleb Deschanel's The Escape Artist (May 28), based on the 1965 novel by David Wagoner stars Griffin O'Neal as Danny Masters, who boasts that he will escape from jail in 1 hour; Desi Arnaz plays Mayor Leon Quinones, and Raul Julia plays his son Stu. Steven Spielberg's E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial (May 26) (Universal Pictures), written by Melissa Mathison takes the fright out of aliens from outer space (and, by Hollyweird logic, illegal aliens coming into the U.S.?), making a star of cute young babe Drew Barrymore (Gertie), along with Dee Wallace (Mary), Henry Thomas (Elliott), and Peter Coyote (NASA man "Keys"); the short cute lovable alien male E.T. is made of brown Play-Do and chicken wire; his voice is produced by elderly Marin County, Calif. heavy smoker Pat Welsh along with Spielberg's sleeping wife with a cold, Debra Winger et al.,; his face is a composite of Carl Sandburg, Ernest Hemingway, and Albert Einstein, and looks like a giant penis, the kind both girls and boys like to kiss?; physicians from the USC Medical Center play the doctors who try to save E.T. after govt. agents take over Elliot's house; a scene starring Harrison Ford as Elliott's elementary school principal is cut; after Mars rejects an offer to use M&Ms, Hershey's Reese's Pieces (introduced 1977) are used, causing sales to zoom by 300%; does $792.9M box office on a $10.5M budget. Amy Heckerling's Fast Times at Ridgemont High (Aug. 13), based on the Cameron Crowe novel stars Sean Penn as Calif. surfer dude Jeff Spicoli, who butts heads with teacher "Aloha Mr. Hand" Ray Walston while coping with teen problems in S Calif.; Forest Whitaker's screen debut as Charles Jefferson, a football player whose car gets wrecked; wet dream Phoebe Cates (Phoebe Belle Katz) (1963-) bares her breasts at a pool; best teen exploitation movie ever?; "When it comes to making out, play side 1 of Led Zeppelin 4"; the dir. debut of Amy Heckerling (1954-). Ingmar Bergman's Fanny and Alexander (Dec. 17) stars Pernilla Allwin and Bertil Guve as children in the Swedish Ekdahl household. Ian Sharp's The Final Option (Aug. 26) is a thiller starring Lewis Collins as British Special Air Service (SAS) Capt. Peter Skellen, who infiltrates a group of leftist radicals planning a terrorist operation against U.S. secy. of state Arthur Currie (Richard Widmark) (original choice William Holden died before filming began); Judy Davis plays Frankie Leith; Edward Woodward plays Cmdr. Powell; pisses-off leftists by making them the bad guys and the MIC figures the good guys? Ted Kotcheff's First Blood (Oct. 22) (Orion), based on the 1972 novel by David Morrell stars Sylvester Stallone as super badass decorated Vietnam Green Beret vet John Rambo, who is persecuted by Sheriff Will Teasle (Brian Dennehy) of Hope, Wash., and fights back, taking on da world while Col. Sam Trautman (Richard Crenna after Kirk Douglas resigns and Rock Hudson has to pass to undergo heart surgery) tries to reel him in; does $125M box office on a $14M budget; spawns sequels "Rambo: First Blood Part II" (1985), "Rambo III" (1988), and "Rambo" (2008). Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo stars Klaus Kinski as Irish-born rubber baron Brian Sweeney Fitzgerald (real-life Carlos Fitzcarrald) in Peru, who has to pull a steamship over a steep hill to get to his rubber plantation; Claudia Cardinale plays his brothel-owning babe Molly. Walter Hill's 48 Hrs. (Dec. 8) (Paramount) is the film debut of Edward Regan "Eddie" Murphy (1961-) as Reggie Hammond, a convict who knows he's black and smart and uses it as a tool and weapon to jerk white San Fran cop Jack Cates (Nick Nolte) and other whiteys around while trying to catch a cop-killer; does $79M box office on a $12M budget. Graeme Cliford's Frances (Dec. 3) stars Jessica Lange as erratic feisty authority-defying Hollywood star Frances Farmer, who ends up getting institutionalized and lobotomized until she fights her way out. Ed Decker (1935-) and Dave Hunt (1926-2013), The God Makers (Dec. 31) (Jeremiah Films) exposes the LDS Church as an evil multibillion-dollar Satanist and occult corporation, ridiculing their belief in "infinite gods" populating planets through "celestial sex" with their "goddess wives"; an animated segment shows Joseph Smith Jr. delivering his 1844 King Follett Discourse about Jehovah living on the planet Kolob then visiting Earth to have sex with Virgin Mary, who bears Jesus Christ, who has multiple wives and children, with Smith ending up as his direct descendant; the pub. it in book form in 1984 under the title "The God Makers: A Shocking Expose of What the Mormon Church Really Believes". Tommy Lee Wallace's Halloween III: Season of the Witch (Oct. 22) (Dino De Laurentiis Corp.) (Debra Hill Productions) (Universal Pictures) stars Tom Atkins as Dr. Dan Challis, who tries to solve the mysterious murder of a patient in his hospital, ending up in Santa Mira, Calif. with his daughter Ellie Grimbridge (Stacey Nelkin), controlled by Silver Shamrock Novelties and its owner Conal Cochran (Dan O'Herlihy), who are into Celtic witchcraft and their horrible Halloween (Samhain) sacrifices, with a plan to kill children all over the U.S. with booby-trapped masks powered by a piece of Stonehenge; "No one came home"; only "Halloween" series movie sans Michael Myers; does $14M box office on a $2.5M budget, making it a flop compared to the others in the series, becoming a cult film because of its focus on the real Celtic death cult of Halloween; Clint Eastwood's Honkytonk Man (Dec. 15), based on the 1980 novel by Clancy Carlile stars Eastwood as TB sufferer Red Stovall, who leaves the Okla. dust bowl for an audition at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville with his teenie nephew Whit (Kyle Eastwood) as his chauffeur. Marius Penczner's I Was a Zombie for the FBI, a satire of the McCarthy era movie "I Was a Communist for the FBI" becomes a cult classic. Godfrey Reggio's Koyaanisqatsi: Life Out of Balance (Apr. 2) is a visual tour of the U.S. with cool cinematography by Ron Fricke, and cool music by Philip Glass (1937-); followed by "Powaqqatsi" (1998), "Naqoyqatsi" (2002). Slava Tsukerman's Liquid Sky (Aug.) stars bi junkie models Margaret and Jimmy, both played by Anne Carlisle, who are visited by an alien spacecraft, whose ETs like peeping on their New Wave Manhattan nightclub lifestyle to extract endorphins produced by orgasms. Rainer Maria Fassbinder's Lola (Aug. 4) stars Armin Mueller-Stahl as West German building commissioner Herr von Bohm, who falls for single mother Marie-Louise (Barbara Sukowa), who doubles as bordello singer Lola. Hal Ashby's Lookin' to Get Out (Oct. 8) stars Jon Voight as Alex Kovac, Ann-Margaret as Patti Warner, and Burt Young as Jerry; the film debut of 7-y.-o. Angelina Jolie Voight (1975-) as Tosh; "What they're doing is insane, immoral, and working." Arthur Hiller's Making Love (Feb. 12), written by A. Scott Berg stars Kate Jackson, Harry Hamlin, and Michael Ontkean, becoming the first major studio film to deal with homosexuality. George Miller's The Man from Snowy River (Mar. 25) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the Banjo Paterson poem and set in Australia stars Kirk Douglas as twin brothers Harrison (owner of a cattle station) and Spur (prospector), and Tom Burlinson as Jim Craig; does $20.6M U.S. and $17.2M Australian box office on an Australian $3M budget. Woody Allen's A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy (July 16), based on the 1955 Ingmar Bergman film "Smiles of a Summer Night" (which was also the basis of the 1973 Stephen Sondheim play "A Little Night Music") stars Woody Allen as wacky inventor Andrew, who spends the weekend at a summer house with his wife Ariel (Mia Farrow) and two other couples, Leopold and Dulcy (Jose Ferrer and Julie Hagerty) and Maxwell and Adrian (Tony Roberts and Mary Steenburgen). Constantin Costa-Gravas' Missing (Feb. 12), based on a 1978 book by Thomas Hauser stars John Shea as Am. journalist Charles Horman, who is disappeared after the 1973 Chilean coup, and Jack Lemmon and Sissy Spacek as father and wife Ed and Beth Horman, who search for him in vain; score by Vangelis; banned in Chile; comes with a U.S. Dept. of State discalimer denying the truth of the events, making it more popular? Jerzy Skolimowski's Moonlighting (Sept. 26) stars Jeremy Irons as Polish contractor Nowak, who provides cheap Polish labor for a govt. official in London, and the workers become country bumpkins in the big city. Kohei Oguri's Muddy River stars Nobutaka Asahara, Takahiro Tamura. Richard Benjamin's My Favorite Year (Oct. 1) stars Mark Linn-Baker as junior comedy writer Benjy Stone, who tries to keep washed-up movie star Alan Swann (Peter O'Toole) ("I'm not an actor, I'm a movie star") sober long enough to guest-star on Stan "King" Kaiser's (Joseph Bologna) variety show while courting co-worker K.C. Downing (Jessica Harper). Ettore Scola's That Night in Varennes (May 15), based on a novel by Catherine Rihoit tells the story of the people in the coach riding behind the one carrying disguised Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette in their flight to Varennes; Marie Antoinette lookalike Hanna Schygulla plays Countess Sophie de la Borde; Jean-Louis Barrault plays Nicolas Edme Restif de la Bretonne; Marcello Mastroianni plays Casanova; Harvey Keitel plays Thomas Paine. Vittorio Taviani's The Night of the Shooting Stars is a WWII flick set in Italy starring Omero Antonutti. Taylor Hackford's An Officer and a Gentleman (July 28), a Romeo-Juliet takeoff written by Douglas Day Stewart stars pretty boy Richard Tiffany Gere (1949-) as U.S. Navy Aviation Officer Candidate Zack Mayo, who meets "Puget Sound Deb" factory worker trailer trash Paula Pokrifki, played by Mary Debra Winger (1953-), and gets what he wants after uttering the soundbyte "I've got nowhere else to go", while she wants more than she can get until she proves she's a hooker with a heart of gold?; makes a star of Louis Cameron Gossett Jr. (1936-) as drill instructor with a heart of gold Marine Gunnery Sgt. Emil Foley; David Keith and Lisa Blount play Gere-Winger duals Sid Worley and Lynette Pomeroy, with the latter being the only one in the flick without a heart of gold?; David Caruso plays whimpy candidate Topper Daniels; despite Gere's reluctance to film it, the final scene, a takeoff on the white knight in shining armor rescuing the princess is a keeper; features the song Up Where We Belong by Buffy Sainte-Marie and Jack Nitzsche, sung by Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes. Anne Claire Poirier's Over Forty stars Roger Blay, Caroline Beaudoin, and Monique Mercure. Stuart Gillard's Paradise (May 7), a ripoff of "The Blue Lagoon" (1980) is the film debut of Phoebe Cates (1983-), and also stars Willie Aames. Jacques Rouffio's The Passerby (La Passante du Sans-Souci), based on the 1936 novel by Joseph Kessel stars Michel Piccoli, and Romy Schneider in her last film. Robert Towne's Personal Best (Feb. 5) stars Mariel Hemingway and Patrice Donnelly as Olympic track and field athletes who have a lesbian affair; Scott Glenn plays the coach. Ed Stabile's Plainsong, (not based on the novel by Kent Haruf) stars Jessica Nelson, Teresanne Joseph, and Lyn Traverse as three women who set off for harsh Nebraska in 1874. Tobe Harper's Poltergeist (June 4) (MGM), co-written by producer Steven Spielberg stars Heather O'Rourke (1975-88) as 5-y.-o. as Carol Anne Freeling, who begins communicating with a group of spirits led by the Beast via the static on her TV, allowing them to kidnap her, after which parents Steven and Diane Freeling (Craig T. Nelson and JoBeth Williams) call in spiritual medium Tangina Barrons (Zelda Rubinstein) to help rescue her; does $76.6M U.S. and $121.7M worldwide box office on a $10.7M budget; spawns sequels "Poltergeist II: The Other Side" (1986), and "Poltergeist III" (1988); real human skeletons are used in the swimming pool scene, causing rumors of the Poltergeist Curse on the actors; Heather O'Rourke dies on Feb. 1, 1988 in San Diego, Calif. of heart failure from congenital bowel obstruction and/or Crohn's Disease. Larry Cohen's Q: The Winged Serpent (Oct. 29) stars Michael Moriarty as Jimmy Quinn, and David Carradine as Det. Shepard, who have to fight resurrected Aztec god Quetzalcoatl; also stars Candy Clark as Joan, and Richard Roundtree as Sgt. Powell; "Maybe his head got loose and fell off". Rainer Werner Fassbinder's Querelle, based on the novel "Querelle de Brest" by Jean Genet is his last film before he ODs in Munich on June 10, and is released posth.; Querelle has to play dice with her hubby Nono to bed Lysiane, but if he loses he must let Nono punk him, "That way, I can say my wife only sleeps with assholes". Jean-Jacques Annaud's Quest for Fire (Guerre du Feu) (Feb. 12), based on the J.H. Rosny Sr. novel stars Ron Perlman as Amoukar, Everett McGill as Naoh, Nicholas Kadi as Gaw, and Rae Dawn Chong as Ika, Ice Age cave people who don't talk much in a not-quite-porno movie because they have a pass from Darwin? George T. Nierenberg's Say Amen, Somebody is a documentary about gospel music. Susan Seidelman's Smithereens stars Susan Berman as a young artist who chases punk singers in Greenwich Village. Alan J. Pakula's Sophie's Choice (Dec. 8), based on the 1979 William Styron novel stars Meryl Streep as 1947 Auschwitz suvivor Sophie Zawistowski, who quietly cracks up from her terrible choice while commiserating with sensitive virgin Southern writer Stingo (Peter MacNicol) and doing it with crazy possessive lover Nathan Landau, played by Kevin Delaney Kline (1947-) (in his film debut) in the Pink Castle in Brooklyn; does $30M box office on a $9M budget; in 1989 Kline marries actress Phoebe Cates (until ?). Nicholas Meyer's Star Trek 2: The Wrath of Khan (June 4) (Paramount Pictures), written by Harve Bennett makes up for the disappointing first one with an episode taking off from the popular TV episode "Space Seed", starring Ricardo Montalban as a 20th cent. genetically-engineered superman taking on Capt. Kirk (William Shatner); the ending is made into a cliffhanger when the immortally logical Mr. Spock (Leonard Nimoy) dies because of an overuse of his own logic; does $97M box office on a $11.2M budget. Paul Mazursky's Tempest (Aug. 13), based on Shakespeare's "The Tempest" set in the modern era stars John Cassavetes as Phillip, Gena Rowlands as Antonia, Susan Sarandon as Aretha, Raul Julia as Kalibanos, and Molly Ringwald (film debut) as Miranda; "Like watching a 10-ton canary as it attempts to become airborne" (Vincent Canby); does $5M box office on a $13M budget. Jason Miller's That Championship Season (Cannon Films), based on the 1972 Jason Miller play about the coach and players of the 1957 Fillmore H.S. basketball team in Scranton, Penn. in a midlife crisis stars Robert Mitchum as Coach Daniel B. Delaney (after original choice William Holden dies), Martin Sheen as boozing drifter Tom Daley, Stacy Keach as school principal James Daley, Bruce Dern as Scranton mayor George Sitkowski, and Paul Sorvino as wealthy Phil Romano. John Carpenter's The Thing (June 25) (Universal Pictures), a remake of the 1951 flick based on the John Campbell short story stars Kurt Russell, Wilford Brimley et al. as scientists in a remote Antarctic outpost facing a shape-shifting people-eating creature from outer space; does $19.6M U.S. box office on a $15M budget, gaining a cult following complete with a 1982 novel, a comic book series from Dark Horse Comics, and the video game sequel in 2002; a prequel film The Thing is released on Oct. 14, 2011, dir. by Matthijs van Heijningen Jr. and starring Mary Elizabeth Winstead. Sydney Pollack's Tootsie (Dec. 17) stars Dustin Hoffman as an unemployed actor who finds success on a soap opera by pretending to be a woman, getting in love trouble wih Jessica Lange, Teri Garr, and Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis (1956-) (film debut); "What do you get when you cross a hopelessly straight, starving actor with a dynamite red-sequined dress?" Franco Zeffirelli's La Traviata stars Placido Domingo as Alfredo Germont, Teresa Stratas as Violetta Valery, and Cornell MacNeil as Giorgio Germont. Steven Lisberger's Tron (July 9), a super-silly sendup of computer games by Walt Disney stars Jeff Bridges as a programmer who gets his zillion-selling game stolen by David Warner, and dematerializes into the company's computer (which uses the game as its operating system?) to battle for his rightful place behind the CEO's desk by riding cool lightbikes and flinging virtual frisbees; one of the first films to use extensive CGI. Sidney Lumet's The Verdict (Dec. 8) stars Paul Newman as a loser atty. in Boston who gets his last big shot at winning the big one, and does so despite being outwitted in court by fancy lawyers, making the audience believe in the system; also stars Charlotte Rampling. Rainer Werner Fassbinder's B&W (The Longing of) Veronika Voss (Feb. 18) is based on the life of German actress Sybille Schmitz (1909-55). Blake Edwards' Victor/Victoria (Mar. 16), based on a 1933 script by German dir. Reinhold Schunzel stars Julie Andrews as a woman impersonating a man impersonating a woman in Depression-era Paris, fooling gay mentor Robert Preston and hetero James Garner, who falls for the woman in her; meanwhile the whole episode causes Alex Karras to realize he's gay - along with half the audience? Jim Brown's The Weavers: Wasn't That A Time! (Mar. 7) is about the Weavers' 1980 reunion concert, starring Pete Seeger, Ronnie Gilbert, Lee Hays, Fred Hellerman, Harold Leventhal, and Arlo Guthrie. Igor Auzins' We of the Never Never stars Angela Punch MacGregor as Jeannie Gunn of Melbourne, who moves to West Australia to be with her husband on an isolated cattle station, battling misogyny and racism against aborigines. Samuel Fuller's White Dog (July 7), based on the 1970 Romain Gary novel about a dog trained to attack only black people that is retrained by black dog trainer Keys (Paul Winfield) is suppressed in the U.S. by Paramount Pictures, and debuts in France; it doesn't debut in the U.S. until Dec. 2, 2008; Fuller gets so pissed-off that he moves to France for the rest of his prof. life. George Roy Hill's The World According to Garp (July 23), based on the 1978 John Irving novel (adapted by Steve Tesich) stars Robin McLaurim Williams (1951-2014) as T.S. Garp, Glenn Close (1947-) (2nd cousin once removed of Brooke Shields) as his extreme feminist mother Jenny Fields (author of "A Sexual Suspect"), and John Arthur Lithgow (pr. LITH-go) (1945-) as Yeti transsexual ex-football player Roberta Muldoon. Richard Brooks' Wrong Is Right (May 14) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1979 Charles McCarry novel "The Better Angels" is about a dysfunctional world in which tabloid reporter Patrick Hale (Sean Connery) interviews King Ibn Awad of Hegreb (Ron Moody), who found out that U.S. Pres. Lockwood (George Gizzard) ordered his assassination, causing Awad to make plans to have a terrorist set off suitcase nukes in the U.S. and Israel; Rosalind Cash plays Mrs. Ford; does $3.6M box office. Peter Weir's The Year of Living Dangerously (Dec. 17) (McElroy and McElroy) (MGM) (United Internat. Pictures) (MGM/UA Entertainment Co.) (title based on a phrase used by Sukarno in his 1964 Indonesian Independence Day Speech), the first Australian movie financed by a U.S. studio stars Mel Gibson as Australian journalist Guy Hamilton covering the coup against Pres. Sukarno in Indonesia in 1965, while romancing manly woman Jill Bryant (Sigourney Weaver), and flirting in other ways with womanly man photographer Billy Kwan (Linda Hunt); allegedly based on a C.J. Koch novel, it is actually based on CNN's Peter Arnett?; confirms Gibson as an internat. box office star; the location shooting had to be moved from the Philippines to Sydney after the crew was threatened by Muslim extremists who considered the film anti-Muslim; does $10.3M U.S. and Australian $2.9M box office on an Australian $6M budget; is the first Australian movie financed by a U.S. studio, and stars Mel Gibson as an Australian journalist covering the coup against Pres. Sukarno in Indonesia in 1965, while romancing manly woman Sigourney Weaver, and flirting in other ways with womanly man photographer Billy Swan (Linda Hunt); based on a C.J. Koch novel, it is actually based on CNN's Peter Arnett; confirms Gibson as an internat. box office star; the location shooting had to be moved from the Philippines to Sydney after the crew was threatened by Muslim extremists who considered the film anti-Muslim; does $10.3M U.S. and Australian $2.9M box office on an Australian $6M budget. Art: Jean-Michelle Basquiat (1960-88), All Colored Cast I; All Colored Cast II; in the fall Swiss art dealer Bruno Bischofberger (1940-) introduces Basquiat's work to Andy Warhol. Joseph Beuys (1921-86), Monuments to the Stag. Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010), Eyes (marble sculpture). David Hockney (1937-), Hollywood Hills House. Anselm Kiefer (1945-), March Sand (Markischer Sand). Bernard "Hap" Kliban (1935-90), Two Guys Fooling Around with the Moon. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Ils Sexplose; Passo Interno di Mercurio; Labirintad; The Sign. Joan Miro (1893-1983), Doni i Ocell (Woman and Bird) (sculpture) (Barcelona); 22m tall concrete outdoor sculpture. Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007), Keyhole; Beam (Nov.). Gerhard Richter (1932-), Two Candles. James Rosenquist (1933-), Fahrenheit 1982. George Segal (1924-2000), The Holocaust (bronze sculpture) (Lincoln Park, San Francisco). Frank Stella (1936-), Pergusa Three. Plays: Gerard Alessandrini, Forbidden Broadway (revue) (Palsson's Theater, New York) (Jan. 15). Howard Ashman (1950-91) and Alan Menken (1949-), Little Shop of Horrors (musical) (Orpheum Theatre, New York) (July 27) (2,209 perf.); based on the 1960 film by Roger Corman about Seymour, who brings a small plant into Mushnik's florist shop, only to see it grow into a man-eating plant called Audrey II, named after his girlfriend; filmed in 1986. Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Catastrophe (Avignon Festivel, July 21). Howard Brenton (1942-), Danton's Death (Nat. Theatre, London) (July). Caryl Churchill (1938-), Top Girls (Royal Court Theatre, London) (Sept. 1); all-female cast incl. Gwen Taylor, Deborah Findlay, Carol Hayman; Marlene leaves home to become successful in a man's world. Susan Cooper (1935-) and Hume Cronyn (1911-2003), Foxfire (first play) (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York) (Nov. 10) (213 perf.); an Appalachian family faces the end of their way of life; stars Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), Four Hurts Double; Her Mother Came Too. Friedrich Durrenmatt (1921-90), Achterloo. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Doktor Mabuses Nya Testamente. John Foley, Mark Hardwick, Debra Monk, Cass Morgan,John Schwind, and Tom Warner, Pump Boys and Dinettes (Princess Theatre, New York) (Feb. 4) (573 perf.). Horton Foote (1916-), The Old Friends; The Roads to Home (New York). Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), The Danube. Michael Frayn (1933-), Noises Off (Lyric Theatre, London) (Feb. 23); a "farce from behind"; a British theater troup stages a sex farce called "Nothing On", while offstage another sex farce goes on; stars Paul Eddington, Patricia Routledge. Athol Fugard, "Master Harold"... and the Boys (Lyceum Theatre, New York) (May 4) (344 perf.); stars Zakes Mokae, Lonny Price. Charles Henry Fuller Jr. (1939-), A Soldier's Play (Pulitzer Prize); black Sgt. Vernon C. Waters at Ft. Neal, La. army base in 1944 takes on himself the role of savior of all African-Ams. in the racist U.S.; 2nd black playwright to win a Pulitzer Prize for drama. Pam Gems (1925-), Variety Night (London). William Gibson (1914-2008), Monday After the Miracle; sequel to "The Miracle Worker" (1957); Anne meets her first love, John Macy, while Helen aces Radcliffe. John Guare (1938-), Lydie Breeze; U.S. Civil War nurse lures three soldier-patients to Nantucket to her commune devoted to Transcendentalism; Gardenia. Albert Ramsdell Gurney Jr. (1930-), The Dining Room (Playwrights Horizon Theater, New York) (Feb. 11) (607 perf.); stars John Shea. David Hare (1947-), A Map of the World; a UNESCO conference on poverty in Bombay in 1978. Beth Henley (1952-), The Wake of Jamey Foster. Arthur Kopit (1937-), Good Help is Hard to Find. Arthur Kopit (1937-) and Maury Yeston (1945-), Nine (musical) (New York) (739 perf.); stars Raul Julia; based on Federico Fellini's 1963 film "8-1/2". Tony Kushner (1956-), The Age of Assassins (Newfoundland Theater, New York) (first play). Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), Summer. Ira Levin (1929-2007), Cantorial. David Mamet (1947-), Edmond; a Manhattan office worker is told be a fortune teller "You are not where you belong", causing him to go looking; filmed in 2005. William Mastrosimone (1947-), Extremities (Westside Theater, New York) (Dec. 22) (325 perf.); stars Susan Sarandon as Marjorie, who is attacked by would-be rapist James Russo, and turns the tables and ties him up in her fireplace, then has to convince roommates Pat and Terry that he isn't a beau; Farrah Fawcett takes over Sarandon's role to critical acclaim, launching her serious acting career. Frank McGuinness (1953-), The Glass Road (Platform Theatre Group, Dublin) (debut); The Factory Girls (Abbey Theatre, Dublin) (Mar. 11). William Ormond Mitchell (1914-98), Dramatic W.O. Mitchell (collection of plays). Rochelle Owens (1936-), Who Do You Want, Pierre Vidal? (Theatre for the New City, New York); Chucky's Hunch (Clurman Theater, New York). John Pielmeier (1949-), Agnes of God (Music Box Theatre, New York) (Mar. 30) (599 perf.); first performed in Waterford, Conn. in 1979; pun on the Latin phrase "Agnus Dei" (Lamb of God); stars Amanda Plummer as a 21-y.-o. nun Agnes, who murders her newborn child and claims it was a virgin birth; also stars Geraldine Page as Mother Superior Miriam Ruth, and Elizabeth Ashley as psychiatrist Dr. Martha Livingston; filmed in 1985. Anthony Shaffer (1926-2001), Whodunnit (Biltmore Theater, New York) (Dec. 30) (157 perf.); stars George Hearn, Barbara Baxley. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Bocas: A Daughter's Geography (Mark Taper Forum, Los Angeles). Sam Shepard (1943-), Fool for Love. Neil Simon (1927-2018), Jake's Women; a successful novelist and his women. Tom Stoppard (1937-), The Real Thing (Strand Theatre, London) (Nov. 16); Henry (Roger Rees) and Annie (Felicity Kendal), and the Committee to Brodie, a Scottish soldier imprisoned for burning a memorial wreath during a protest. William Trevor (1928-), Autumn Sunshine (radio play). Dick Vosburgh (1929-2007) and Tony Macaulay (1944-), Windy City (Victoria Palace Theatre, London) (July 20); based on "The Front Page" (1928); stars Dennis Waterman as Hildy Johnson, Anton Rodgers as Walter Burns. Derek Walcott (1930-), The Isle is Full of Noises. Martin Walser (1927-), Letter to Lord Liszt. Michael Weller (1942-), Dwarfman, Master of a Million Shapes. Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), John Barry (1933-2011), and Don Black, The Little Prince and the Aviator (musical). Lanford Wilson (1937-), Angels Fall; a nuclear accident drives a group of travelers into a N.M. mission. Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Worldly Hopes. John Ash (1948-), The Goodbyes. Djuna Barnes (1892-1982), Creatures in an Alphabet (posth.). William Bronk (1918-99), Life Supports; Light in a Dark Sky. Aime Cesaire (1913-2008), Moi, Laminaire. Andrei Codrescu (1946-), Necrocorrida. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Echoes; The Collected Poems of Robert Creeley 1945-1974. Guy Davenport (1927-2005), The Resurrection in Cookham Churchyard; title from a painting by Sir Stanley Spencer (1891-1959). Thomas Covington Dent (1932-98), Blue Lights and River Songs. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), Orders of the Retina; Burn This. Odysseus Elytis (1911-96), Three Poems under a Flag of Convenience. Thom Gunn (1929-2004), The Passages of Joy. David Ignatow (1914-97), Leaving the Door Open. Denis Johnson (1949-), The Incognito Lounge and Other Poems. Maurice Kenny (1929-), Blackrobe: Isaac Jogues (1607-46). Galway Kinnell (1927-2014), Selected Poems (Pulitzer Prize); "She takes him and talks/ him more swollen. He kneels, opens/ the dark, vertical smile/ linking heaven with the underneath." Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), Our Ground Time Here Will Be Brief: New and Selected Poems. Irving Layton (1912-2006), Shadows on the Ground: A Portfolio; A Wild Peculiar Joy: Selected Poems 1945-82; incl. There Were No Signs. Brad Leithauser (1953-), Hundreds of Fireflies (debut). Denise Levertov (1923-97), Candles in Babylon; incl. The May Mornings. Audre Lorde (1934-92), Undersong: Chosen Poems Old and New. William Matthews (1942-97), Flood. James Merrill (1926-95), The Changing Light at Sandover; 560-page 17K-line epic poem using his Ouija Board - get a job, that's just the way it is? W.S. Merwin (1927-), Finding the Islands. Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004), The Poem of the Pearl. Marge Piercy (1936-), Circles on the Water: Selected Poems (May 12). Katha Pollitt (1949-), Antarctic Traveller (Feb.). Reynolds Price (1933-), Vital Provisions. Luis Omar Salinas (1937-2008), Darkness Under the Trees/ Walking Behind the Spanish. Charles Simic (1938-), Austerities. Cathy Song (1955-), Picture Bride. George Starbuck (1931-96), The Argot Merchant Disaster: Poems New and Selected. Henry S. Taylor (1942-), The Children of Herakles. Mona Van Duyn (1921-2004), Letters from a Father and Other Poems. Patrick White (1912-90), Signal Driver: A Morality Play for the Times. Sherley Anne Williams (1944-99), Someone Sweet Angel Chile. Charles Wright (1935-), Country Music/ Selected Early Poems. James Arlington Wright (1927-80), This Journey; The Temple at Nimes (posth.). Al Young (1939-), The Blues Don't Change: New and Selected Poems. Novels: Peter Ackroyd (1949-), The Great Fire of London (first novel). Alice Adams (1926-99), To See You Again (Mar. 12). Richard Adams (1920-2016), The Legend of Te Tuna. Catherine Aird (1930-), Last Respects (Sept. 6); Inspector Sloan #11. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), Helliconia Spring; first in the Hellconia Trilogy (1983, 1985), about a planet with cents.-long seasons. Isabel Allende (1942-), The House of the Spirits (La Casa de los Espiritos); niece of Salvador Allende escaped to Cuba in the 1980 Mariel boatlift; attempts to exorcise the ghosts of the Pinochet dictatorship via magical realism. Rudolfo Anaya (1937-), Silence of the Llano (short stories); set in Las Animas, N.M. Piers Anthony (1936-), Ogre, Ogre. Aharon Appelfeld (1932-), Tzili: The Story of a Life. Reinaldo Arenas (1943-90), El Palacio de la Blanquisimas Mofetas (The Palace of the White Skunks); Otra Vez el Mar (Once Again the Sea); El Color del Verano (The Color of Summer). Isaac Asimov (1920-92), Foundation's Edge; Foundation Series #4; after almost 262 books and 44 years, his first NYT bestseller; Harla Branno vs. Golan Trevize. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), Watchfires; an upper-class see-saw marriage in New York City in 1860-8; Narcissa and Other Fables (short stories). Jean Marie Auel (1936-), The Valley of the Horses (Sept.); Earth's Children #2; Ayla meets new beau Jondalar of the Zalandonii, her first non-Neanderthal, known for his "large throbbing manhood"; the first book in the series could be enjoyed by men, but now it becomes strictly for women? Francisco Ayala (1906-2009), Of Triumph and Sorrow (De Triunfos y Penas) (short stories). J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Myths of the Near Future (short stories). Pat Barker (1943-), Union Street (first novel); Kelly, Dinah, Alice, Muriel, and Iris. Julian Barnes (1946-), Before She Met Me. John Barth (1930-), Sabbatical: A Romance; novelist and CIA agent Fenwick Scott Key Turner goes on a sea journey. Barrington J. Bayley (1937-2008), The Zen Gun. Ann Beattie (1947-), The Burning House (short stories). Saul Bellow (1915-2005), The Dean's December; how bost the West and the Soviet bloc are self-destructing. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), Speakeasy (posth.). Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Beton (Concrete); Rudolph the would-be musicologist; Wittgensteins Neffe (Wittgenstein's Nephew). Maeve Binchy (1940-), Light a Penny Candle (first novel). Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Visions d'Anna ou Le Vertige (Anna's World). Robert Bloch (1917-94), Psycho II. Heinrich Boll (1917-85), Vermintes Gelande. William Boyd (1952-), A Good Man in Africa. T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948-), Water Music (first novel); Scottish explorer Mungo Park and London criminal Ned Rise meet in Africa to search for the source of the Niger River. Marion Zimmer Bradley (1930-99), The Mists of Avalon; female-centered Arthurian novel with lezzies all over the forest. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), So the Wind Won't Blow It All Away. Anita Brookner (1928-), Providence. Rita Mae Brown (1944-), Southern Discomfort; a white matron hooks up with a black teenie in Montgomery, Ala. Frederick Buechner (1926-), A Room Called Remember: Uncollected Pieces. Charles Bukowski (1920-94), Ham on Rye; Henry Chinaski comes of age in LA during the Great Depression. James Lee Burke (1936-), Two for Texas. Kenneth Burke (1897-1993), Towards a Better Life: Being a Series of Epistles, or Declamations (first and only novel) (June 14). W.R. Burnett (1899-1982), Good Bye Chicago (last novel). Robert Olen Butler (1945-), Sun Dogs; Vietnam War Trilogy #2. Bruce Chatwin (1940-89), On the Black Hill; twin brothers on a farm on the English-Welsh border. John Cheever (1912-82), Oh What a Paradise It Seems (last novel); old man falls in love and fights polluters. Mary Higgins Clark (1927-), A Cry in the Night; Jenny MacPartland marries artist Erich Krueger and they move to a Minn. farm. Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008), 2010: Odyssey Two (Jan.); sequel to "2001" (1968); a joint U.S.-Soviet rescue mission witnesses Jupiter nova into the star Lucifer; dedicated to first spacewalker (1965) Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov (1934-); filmed in 1984. "All these worlds are yours except Europa. Attempt no landings there." Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), The Round and Other Cold Hard Facts (Le Ronde et Autres Faits Divers) (Apr. 14) (short stories). Paul Coelho (1947-), Hell Archives. Laurie Colwin (1944-92), Family Happiness. Richard Condon (1915-96), Prizzi's Honor; mob hit man Charley Partanna falls in love with his contract Irene Walker, who turns out to be a hit woman; filmed in 1985. Robin Cook (1940-), Fever; a cancer researcher's daughter gets leukemia, which he traces to a chemical plant. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Whip; orphan Emma Molinero in Tyneside, N England. William Cooper (1910-2002), Scenes from Metropolitan Life. E.V. Cunningham (Howard Fast) (1914-2003), The Case of the Kidnapped Angel; Masao Masuto #5. Len Deighton (1929-), Goodbye, Mickey Mouse; the 220th Fighter Group of the 8th USAF preparing for D-Day. Don DeLillo (1936-), The Names; James and Kathryn hook up with Greek archeologist Owen Brademas in a search for a hammer-killer "language cult" in Greece who are into hidden names of God. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), The Man Who Had No Idea (short stories) (Nov.). E.L. Doctorow (1931-), American Anthem. John Gregory Dunne (1932-2003), Dutch Shea, Jr.; a lowlife-defending atty. loses his daughter to the IRA. Lawrence Durrell (1912-90), Constance, or Solitary Practices; Avignon Quintet #3. Allan W. Eckert (1931-), Gateway to Empire; Johnny Logan: Shawnee Spy; Wilderness Empire, Number 2. Mircea Eliade (1907-86), In the Shadow of a Lily. Stanley Elkin (1930-95), George Mills; working-class man feels betrayed by God. Harlan Ellison (1934-), Stalking the Nightmare (short stories). James Ellroy (1948-), Clandestine. Howard Fast (1914-2003), Max; Max Britsky of East Side New York City. Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000), At Freddie's. Ken Follett (1949-), The Man from St. Petersburg; bestseller about Russian anarchist Feliks, who tries to assassinate the Czar's nephew Alex Orlov in England. Frederick Forsyth (1938-), No Comebacks (10 short stories); bestseller. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), The Back of the North Wind (Henri Castang #7). Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), Orquideas a la Luz de la Luna (Orchids in the Moonlight). John Gardner (1933-82), Michelsson's Ghosts; a philosophy prof. is haunted by Joseph Smith's ghost. Barry Gifford (1946-), Francis Goes to the Seashore. Gail Godwin (1937-), A Mother and Two Daughters. Sue Grafton (1940-), A is for Alibi; about female cop-turned-P.I. Kinsey Millhone of Santa Teresa, Calif.; first of an alphabetical series ("B is for Burglar", "C is for Corpse") that ends in ? with ?. Winston Graham (1908-2003), The Cornish Farm (short stories); The Miller's Dance: A Novel of Cornwall 1812-1813; Poldark Saga #9. Patrick Grainville (1947-), Les Forteresses Noires. Gael Greene (1935-), Doctor Love (May); a male fantasy using food-lover language to describe sexual response. Davis Grubb (1919-80), Ancient Lights (posth.). Judith Guest (1936-), Second Heaven; 16-y.-o. Gale Murray is abused by his father. A.B. Guthrie Jr. (1901-91), Fair Land, Fair Land. Elizabeth Forsythe Hailey (1938-), Life Sentences (Sept.). Peter Handke (1942-), History of the Pencil. John Hawkes (1925-98), Virginie: Her Two Lives; porno novel about an 11-y.-o. girl living in 1740 and 1945 at the same time. Robert A. Heinlein (1907-88), Friday; Friday Baldwin, a female "artificial person" genetically engineered for superiority, causing prejudice; "It is a bad sign when the people of a country stop identifying themselves with the country and start identifying with a group. A racial group. Or a religion. Or a language. Anything, as long as it isn't the whole population." Sir Alan Patrick Herbert (1890-1971), More Uncommon Law (posth.); sequel to "Uncommon Law" (1935). Frank Herbert (1920-86), The White Plague; a disgruntled Irish-Am. scientist invents a plague which only strikes women; sci-fi on the surface, Celtic potshots at the stankin' English beneath. George V. Higgins (1939-99), The Patriot Game. Jack Higgins (1929-), Touch the Devil; Liam Devlin #2. Tony Hillerman (1925-2008), The Dark Wind; Navajo Sgt. Jim Chee tracks a palm-sole scalper. Rolando Hinojosa (1929-), Rites and Witnesses. Alice Hoffman (1952-), White Horses. Janette Turner Hospital (1942-), The Ivory Swing (first novel). Elizabeth Jane Howard (1923-), Getting It Right; a 31-y.-o. male virgin. L. Ron Hubbard (1911-86), Battlefield Earth: A Saga of the Year 3000; (1.2M words); longest pub. English novel so far?; vol. 1 of the 10-vol. "decalogy" Mission Earth (1982-7); the humans led by Jonnie Goodboy Tyler vs. the hairy 9-ft.-tall 1K-lb. Psychlos in the Rocky Mts. near Denver, Colo. in 3000 C.E.; the first half is quite good, but the second half (ghostwritten by Hubbard's Scientology org.?) turns into a story about a dishonest multilevel scheme to take over the known universe, becoming a self-expose of the Scientology org.?; filmed in 2000. John Jakes (1932-), North and South; #1 in the North and South Trilogy (1982-7); sells 10M copies. Charles R. Johnson (1948-), Oxherding Tale; in his intro. to the 1995 ed. he disses Alice Walker for the negative portrayal of the black male in "The Color Purple", stirring controversy. Ward Just (1935-), In the City of Fear. Garrison Keillor (1942-), Happy To Be Here (short stories). Thomas Keneally (1935-), Schindler's Ark; based on files of survivor Leopold "Poldek" Pfefferberg (Page) (1913-2001), owner of a luggage store in Santa Ana, Calif., who told him the story when he went to buy a suitcase, uttering the soundbyte "To me he's Jesus Christ"; filmed in 1993 by Steven Spielberg as "Schindler's List". John Kessel (1950-), Another Orphan (first novel); about a person trapped inside the novel "Moby Dick". Stephen King (1947-), The Running Man; pub. under the alias Richard Bachman; set in 2025, when the world economy has collapsed; filmed in 1987; The Gunslinger; vol. #1 of the Dark Tower series; inspired by Robert Browning's poem "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came"; has it pub. by quality publisher Donald Grant; Roland Deschain of Gilead chases the Man in Black. W.P. Kinsella (1935-), Shoeless Joe; farmer Ray Kinsella, his wife Annie, and 5-y.-o. daughter Karin, a voice, J.D. Salinger, Eddie Scissons (oldest living Chicago Cub), Archibald "Moonlight" Graham, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. Dean Koontz (1945-), The House of Thunder; pub. under alias Leigh Nichols. Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91), Pinball; Patrick Domostroy. Judith Krantz (1928-), Mistral's Daughter; genius painter Julien Mistral and his redhaired babe Maggy, her redhaired daughter Teddy, and their redhaired love child Fauve. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), Why Can't We Live Together Like Civilized Human Beings? (short stories) (May 31). Pascal Laine (1942-), Terres des Ombres. Gavin Lambert (1924-2005), Running Time; widow Elva Kay arrives in Hollywood in 1919 with 8-y.-o. Baby Jewel, and both become stars. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Cat Chaser; Fla. hotel mgr. George Moran hooks up with the wife of Dominican ex-military enforcer Andres de Boya. Doris Lessing (1919-2013), The Making of the Representative for Planet 8; "This is the story of Planet 8 of the Canopean Empire, a prosperous and contented little planet inhabited by handsome, vibrant, intelligent people, as told to us by one of the planet's fifty Representatives." Meyer Levin (1905-81), The Architect (Jan. 4) (last novel); fictionalized life of Frank Lloyd Wright. Torgny Lindgren (1938-), The Way of a Serpent; mean landowner collects the rent from the women you know how; internat. bestseller. Penelope Lively (1933-), Next to Nature, Art. Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), I Stand on a Quiet Shore. Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), Cloak of Darkness (Aug.); Robert Renwick #3. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), River of Death (Jan.); Hamilton and Smith seek a lost Indian city in Brazil; Partisans. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), One Hour Remains. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Ancient Evenings; novel of ancient Egypt in 1320-1121 B.C.E. during the age of Ramses II; spent a decade writing a masterpiece that no one can read? Bernard Malamud (1914-86), God's Grace. Colleen McCullough (1937-), An Indecent Obsession; nurse Honour Langtry falls for wounded hero Michael Wilson on Lord Howe Island; filmed in 1985. Alice McDermott (1953-), A Bigamist's Daughter (first novel); Manhattan editor Elizabeth Connelly investigates bigamist story author Tupper Daniels along with her own father's fidelity. Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Fletch's Moxie. Larry McMurtry (1936-), Cadillac Jack; big Texas liar Jack McGriff. James A. Michener (1907-97), Space; fictionalized dramatized account of the U.S. space program. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Blind Understanding. Patrick Modiano (1945-), A Trace of Malice (Quartier Perdu). Elsa Morante (1912-85), Aracoeli (last novel); Manuel searches for his Andalusian peasant mother. David Morrell (1943-), Blood Oath; Peter Houston searches for his war hero father's grave. Michael Morpurgo (1943-), War Horse; young Albert attempts to bring his WWI Army horse Joey home; turned into a play in 2007, and filmed in 2011. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Rumpole's Return (Jan. 27). Herta Muller (1953-), Niederungen (short stories) (debut); about corruption in a German-speaking village in Romania, pissing-off the Romanian authorites, who censor it, while German authorities lap it up. Alice Munro (1931-), The Moons of Jupiter (short stories). Haruki Murakami (1949-), A Wild Sheep Chase (Hitsuji o Magaru Boken); a Japanese yuppie goes bonkers about a photo of a new crossbreed of sheep; last in the "Trilogy of the Rat". Gloria Naylor (1950-), The Women of Brewster Place; seven black women struggle to revive a community; followed by "Men of Brewster Place" (1998). Larry Niven (1938-) and Jerry Pournelle (1933-), Oath of Fealty; huge Todos Santos complex in Los Angeles; popularizes the phrase "think of it as evolution in action". Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), The Bloodsmoor Romance; "The other side of Little Women"; an eccentric inventor with five daughters, and dandy Mark Twain. Edna O'Brien (1930-), Returning (short stories). Toby Olson (1937-), Seaview; prof. golf huster has a wife dying of cancer. Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), Changing the Routine: Selected Short Stories; Blue and Red. Cynthia Ozick (1928-), Levitation: Five Fictions; a Jewish-Christian married couple and their problems. Sara Paretsky (1982-), Indemnity Only; introduces Black Label-swigging female Chicago white collar crime cop-turned-P.I. V.I. (Victoria Iphigenia) "Vic" Warshawski of Eudora, Kan. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), Ceremony; Spenser #9. Marge Piercy (1936-), Braided Lives; a female writer in Detroit struggles while her friends cop-out to traditional roles. Robert Pinget (1919-97), Monsieur Songe. David Plante (1940-), The Woods; Francoeur Family Trilogy #3 (begun 1978). V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), Collected Stories. Ishmael Reed (1938-), The Terrible Twos; male model U.S. pres. Dean Clift visits Hell in an elevator with black dick Nane Saturday to save St. Nicholas, and meets Ike, Truman, and Nelson A. Rockefeller. Anne Rice (1941-2021), Cry to Heaven; a Venetian noble and maestro from Calabria try to succeed in the world of 18th cent. opera and its castrati. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Case of Lucy Bending; evil 8-y.-o. in the Gold Coast of Fla. Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88), Jaque a la Dama. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), Baltasar and Blimunda (Memorial do Covento); set during the reign of Portuguese king Joao V (1689-1750); a war vet and a visionary try to reach the heavens with a flying machine powered by human will; his first internat. hit. Mary Lee Settle (1918-2005), The Killing Ground; Beulah Quintet #5 (begun 1956); Hannah McKarkle returns to Canona, W. Va. Michael Shaara (1928-88), Soldier Boy; sci-fi story originally pub. in 1953. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Sassafrass, Cypress and Indigo; three artistic black sisters from S.C. Irwin Shaw (1913-84), Acceptable Losses; lit. agent Roger Damon is stalked. Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007), Master of the Game; bestseller about the MacGregor/Blackwell family; made into a 1984 TV miniseries; Kate Blackwell, Jamie MacGregor, and Jamie MacGregor Jr. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Her Victory; 48-y.-o. Pam escapes a loveless marriage. Robert Silverberg (1935-), Homefaring. Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), Project Pope; about the planet End of Nothing, where robots work 1K years to build a computerized infallible pope. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), Collected Stories; his masterpiece? John Thomas Sladek (1937-2000), Alien Accounts (short stories). C.P. Snow (1905-80), The Masters; Strangers and Brothers #4. LaVyrle Spencer (1943-), The Endearment; Forsaking All Others; photographer Allison Scott hooks up with model Rick Long. George Steiner (1929-), The Portage to San Cristobal of A.H. Danielle Steel (1947-), Once in a Lifetime; Crossings. David Storey (1933-), A Prodigal Child. Whitley Strieber (1945-), Black Magic (Mar.). Han Suyin (1917-), Till Morning Comes. Steve Tesich (1942-96), Summer Crossing (Sept.); David Price graduates in the summer of 1961. Earl Thompson (1931-78), The Devil to Pay (posth.); English naval Lt. Richard Delancy. Anne Tyler (1941-), Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant; a deserted wife and her interfering mother; her masterpiece? Barry Unsworth (1930-2012), The Rage of the Vulture; Robert Markham seeks revenge for the rape of his Armenian fiance in 1908 Constantinople. John Updike (1932-2009), Bech Is Back; sequel to "Bech: A Book" (1970). Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Deadeye Dick; death of innocence novel about Rudy "Deadeye Dick" Waltz, who mistakenly shoots a pregnant woman between the eyes while she is vacuuming, then writes his memoirs, detailing the explosion of a neutron bomb in Midland, Ohio. John B. Wain (1925-94), Young Shoulders; 17-y.-o. Paul faces the death of loved ones. Alice Walker (1944-), The Color Purple (Pulitzer Prize); set in 1930s rural Ga.. abpit Celie, her Pa, who raped her at age 14, her sister Nettie, Shug, and her forced marriage to "Mr. ---", along with black-on-black violence, incest, and lesbianism; Celie moves to Memphis and designs unisex pants; "I think it pisses God off if you walk by the color purple in a field somewhere and don't notice it"; filmed in 1988 by Stephen Spielberg. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Miracle; the Vatican announces that the Virgin Mary will return to Lourdes. Fay Weldon (1931-), The President's Child; Isabel Acre. William Wharton (1925-2008), A Midnight Clear; a WWII U.S. intel platoon has to deal with a surrendering German platoon; filmed in 1992. Edmund White (1940-), A Boy's Own Story; vol. 1 of an autobio. trilogy about a gay boy discovering his sexuality and growing to middle age; in real life he gets AIDS? John A. Williams (1925-94), !Click Song; a post-WWII black novelist's struggles with the New York pub. world. Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), Wise Virgin. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), The Earth Will Shake; pt. 1 of 3 of "The Historical Illuminatus Chronicles" (1982-91). Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), Western: A Saga of the Great Plains (Jan. 1). Yevgeny A. Yevtushenko, Berry Patches (first novel). Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87), Two Lives and a Dream; incl. "An Obscure Man", "A Lovely Morning", "Anna Soror" (brother-sister incest). Roger Zelazny (1937-95), Dilvish, the Damned; sequel to "The Changeling" (1981). Births: Am. 6'4" basketball point guard (black) (Golden State Warriors #0, 2001-3) (Washington Wizards #9, 2003-10) Gilbert Jay "Hibachi" Arenas Jr. on Jan. 6 in Tampa, Fla.; educated at the U. of Ariz. English "Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything", "Lili Elbe in The Danish Girl", "New Scamander in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them" actor Edward John David "Eddie" Redmayne on Jan. 6 in Westminster, London; educated at Eton College, and Trinity College, Cambridge U. English princess Catherine Elizabeth "Kate" Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge on Jan. 9 in Reading, Berkshire; educated at Marlborough College and U. of St. Andrews; wife (2011-) of Prince William (1982-); mother of ? (2013-); educated at the U. of St. Andrews. English "Darren Osborne in Hollyoaks" actor-singer Ashley Taylor Dawson on Jan. 11 in Manchester. English "Jane Eyre" actress Ruth Wilson on Jan. 13 in Ashford, Kent. Am. Dem. South Bend, Ind. mayor #32 (2012-) (gay) (Roman Catholic-turned-Episcopalian) Peter Paul Montgomery "Pete" Buttigieg (Maltese "Lord of the Poultry") (pr. BOOT-edge-edge) on Jan. 19 in South Bend, Ind.; Maltese immigrant father; educated at Harvard U., and Pembroke College, Oxford U. Am. "Stephanie Tanner in Full House" actress Jodie Lee Ann Sweetin on Jan. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif. French 6'3" tennis player Nicolas Mahut on Jan. 21 in Angers. Am. American Idol Season #8 runnerup singer (Jewish) (redhead) (gay) Adam Mitchel Lambert on Jan. 29 in Indianapolis, Ind.; grows up in San Diego, Calif.; first openly gay mainstream pop artist on a major labor in the U.S. Am. "Eugene Horowitz in Hey Arnold!" actor Jarrett Lennon (Kaufman) on Feb. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Mary Poppins" actress-singer Ashley Brown on Feb. 3 in Gulf Breeze, Fla. Am. "Boy Like Me" country singer Jessica Leigh Harp on Feb. 3 in Kansas City, Mo. Am. singer Kimberly Wyatt (Pussycat Dolls) on Feb. 4 in Warrensburg, Mo. English "Starter for 10", "Crossing Over" actress Alice Sophia Eve on Feb. 6 in London; daughter of Trevor Eve (1951-) and Sharon Maughan (1950-); educated at St. Catherine's College, Oxford U. Am. 6'1" Olympic sprinter (black) Justin Gatlin on Feb. 10 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. porno actress Jenna Haze on Feb. 22 in Fullerton, Calif.; Irish, German and Spanish descent. Italian 5'8" tennis player Flavia Pennetta on Feb. 25 in Brindisi. Chinese 5'7-1/2" tennis player Li Na on Feb. 26 in Wuhan, Hubei. Am. 6'8" world's strongest man Brian Shaw on Feb. 26 in New York City; grows up in Fort Lupton, Colo. Am. 6'5" football QB (Pittsburgh Steelers #7, 2004-2021) Benjamin Todd "Big Ben" Roethlisberger Sr. on Mar. 2 in Findlay, Ohio; educated at Miami (Ohio) U. Am. "Mary Camden in 7th Heaven" actress-model Jessica Biel (Jessica Claire Timberlake) on Mar. 3 in Ely, Minn.; grows up in Boulder, Colo.; educated at Tufts U. Am. soccer player Landon Timothy Donovan on Mar. 4 in Ontario, Calif. Am. "Belle Black in Days of Our Lives" actress Charity Rahmer on Mar. 4 in Maui, Hawaii. Am. tattoo artist-singer Kat Von D (Katherine Von Drachenberg) on Mar. 8 in Montemorelos, Mexico; Seventh-day Adventist missionary parents; German descent father, Italian-Spanish descent mother; emigrates to the U.S. at age 4; grows up in Colton, Calif. Am. 6'11" basketball player (black) (Washington Wizards, 2001-5) (Los Angeles Lakers, 2005-8) Kwame James Brown on Mar. 10 in Charleston, S.C. Canadian "Ginger in Ginger Snaps" actress Katharine Isabelle (Murray) on Mar. 10 in Vancouver, B.C. Am. "American Beauty" actress Thora Birch on Mar. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif.; of Jewish, Nordic and Italian descent; mother appeared in "Deep Throat". Am. "Freaks and Geeks" actor Samm Levine on Mar. 12 in Chicago, Ill. English "Finding Neverland" actress Kate Elizabeth Cameron Maberly on Mar. 14 in Surrey. English "Max Cunningham in Hollyoaks" actor-dir. Matt Littler on Mar. 19 in Bury, Lancashire. Am. "Jessica Huang in Fress Off the Boat", "Rachel Chu in Crazy Rich Asians" actress Constance Wu on Mar. 22 in Richmond, Va.; Taiwanese immigrant parents; educated at SUNY. Am. "The Glass Eye" actor Sean Faris on Mar. 25 in Houston, Tex. Am. 5'2" race car driver Danica Sue Patrick on Mar. 25 in Beloit, Wisc.; raised in Roscoe, Ill. Am. "Logan Echolls in Veronica Mars" actor (Scientologist) Jason William Dohring on Mar. 30 in Toledo, Ohio. Am. "Jimmy Olsen in Superman Returns" actor Sam Huntington on Apr. 1 in Peterborough, N.H. Am. "Shortz Circuitz" comic actor Taran Killam on Apr. 1 in Culver City, Calif. French fashion designer Romain Kremer on Apr. 1 in Villefranche de Rouergue, Aveyron. Algerian-French "Gazelle in Kingsman", "Delphine in Atomic Blonde" actress Sofia Boutella on Apr. 6 in Bab El Oued; daughter of Safy Boutella (1950-); emigrates to France in 1992. Canadian "Robin Scherbatsky in How I Met Your Mother" actress Jacoba Francisca Maria "Cobie" Smulders on Apr. 3 in Vancouver, B.C. English "Peggy Carter in Captain America" actress Hayley Elizabeth Atwell on Apr. 5 in London; named after Hayley Mills. German soccer player (gay) ("the Hammer") Thomas Hitzlsperger on Apr. 5 in Munich. Am. "Sam Oliver in Reaper" actor Bret Michael Harrison on Apr. 6 in Portland, Ore. Canadian porno actress (lesbian) Judy Starr on Apr. 8 in Montreal, Quebec. Am. "Lexie Grey in Grey's Anatomy" actress Chyler Leigh (Potts) on Apr. 10 in Charlotte, N.C. Am. "Get Away From Me" singer-songwriter-comedian Nellie Marie McKay (pr. mc-EYE) on Apr. 13 in London, England; moves to the U.S. at age 2. Canadian-Am. "Superbad", "The Green Hornet", "The Interview" actor-comedian (Jewish) Seth Aaron Rogen on Apr. 15 in Vancouver, B.C.; Am. father, Canadian mother; collaborator of Evan Goldberg (1982-). Am. "Mallory Kane in Haywire", "Angel Dust in Deadpool" actress and martial artist Gina Joy Carno on Apr. 16 in Dallas, Tex. Am. "The Flying Scissors", "The Superagent" dir.-writer-producer Jonah Tulis on Apr. 17 in Chappaqua, N.Y. Am. "Since U Been Gone", "My Life Would Suck Without You", "American Idol #1" pop-rock-country singer-songwriter (Southern Baptist) Kelly Brianne Clarkson on Apr. 24 in Ft. Worth, Tex. Am. 5'7" "Mary Jane Watson in Spider-Man", "Claudia in Interview with the Vampire", "Judy in Jumanji" actress Kirsten Caroline "Kiki" Dunst on Apr. 30 in Point Pleasant, N.J. Am. rapper (black) Lloyd Banks (Christopher Charles Lloyd) (G-Unit) on Apr. 30 in Baltimore, Md.; African-Am. father, Puerto Rican mother. English "Vicky in Vicky Cristina Barcelona" actress Rebecca Maria Hall on May 3 in London; daughter of Sir Peter Hall (1930-2017) and Maria Ewing (1950-2022); educated at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge U. U.S. Rep. (R-Fla.) Matthew Louis "Matt" Gaetz II on May 7 in Hollywood, Fla.; son of Don Gaetz; grandson of Jerry Gaetz; educated at William & Mary Law School. Am. "Beth Pryor in American Dreams" actress Rachel Boston on May 9 in Chattanooga, Tenn. Am. "The Flying Spaghetti Monster Holiday Pageant" playwright Jeremy Joseph Gable on May 10 in Lakenheath, Suffolk, England. Canadian "Finn Hudson in Glee" actor-singer (alcoholic) Cory Allan Michael "Monty" Monteith (d. 2013) on May 11 in Calgary, Alberta. English "Zoe Carpenter in Hollyoaks" actress Zoe Lister on May 12 in Redditch, Worcestershire. Am. singer Jessica Sutta (Pussycat Dolls) on May 15 in Miami, Fla.; of Russian, Polish and Irish descent. French 6'2" basketball player (black) (San Antonio Spurs #9, 2001-18) William Anthony "Tony" Parker Jr. on May 17 in Bruges, Belgium; African-Am. father, Dutch mother; raised in France; husband (2007-10) of Eva Longoria (1975-). Am. R&B actor-singer (black) Eric West on May 18 in New York City. Am. Olympic speedskater Apolo Anton Ohno on May 22 in Seattle, Wash.; white mother, Japanese father. English "Prison Planet Live" New Right commentator Paul Joseph "PJW" Watson on May 24 in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Belgian 5'5-1/2" tennis player Justine Henin (Henin-Hardenne) on June 1 in Liege. English "Chloe Atkinsin in Emmerdale" actress-singer Amy Nuttall on June 7 in Bolton. Russian 5'10" tennis player Nadezhda "Nadia" Petrova on June 8 in Mpscow. Chinese pianist Lang Lang on June 14 in Shenyang. Canadian "Candice Wilmer in Heroes" actress-model Melissa "Missy" Peregrym on June 16 in Montreal, Quebec. Am. 6'1" Olympic beach volleyball player April Ross on June 20 in Costa Mesa, Calif.; educated at USC. English 6'3" prince (William V?) William Arthur Philip Louis Mountbatten-Windsor of Wales, Duke of Cambridge on June 21 in St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington, West London; eldest son of Prince Charles (1948-) and 1st wife Princess Diana (1961-97); brother of Prince Harry (1984-); grandson of Elizabeth II (1926-) and Prince Philip (1921-); educated at the U. of St. Andrews; husband (2011-) of Catherine "Kate" Middleton (1982-); father of Prince George (2013-), Princess Charlotte (2015), and Prince Louis (2018-); educated at the U. of St. Andrews - is he sound? Am. "Jamal Lyon in Empire actor-singer-dir. (black) (gay) Jussie Smollett on June 21 in Santa Rosa, Calif.; white Russian-Polish descent Jewish father, African-Am. mother. Portuguese "Amelia in O Crime do Padre Amaro" actress-model Soraia Chaves on June 22 in Lisbon. Am. "Trip the Green Ranger in Power Rangers" actor Kevin Kleinberg on June 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Mean Girls", "Cloverfield" actress (Jewish) Elizabeth Anne "Lizzy" Caplan on June 30 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Peyton Sawyer in One Tree Hill" actress Hilarie Ross Burton on July 1 in Sterling, Va. Am. "Brooke Davis in One Tree Hill" actress Sophia Anna Bush on July 8 in Pasadena, Calif. Am. actress-gymnast Tarah Paige on July 8 in Phoenix, Ariz. Am. "Young World" The Future" rapper (black) Lil' Zane (Zane Copeland Jr.) on July 11 in Yonkers, N.Y. South Korean baseball outfielder (lefty) (Seattle Mariners, 2005-6) (Cleveland Indians, 2006-12) (Texas Rangers, 2014-) Shin-Soo Choo on July 13 in Busan. South Korean baseball pitcher (St. Louis Cardinals, 2016-17) (Colo. Rockies, 2018-) ("the Stone Buddha") ("the Final Boss") Seung-hwan Oh on July 15 in Jeongeup; educated at Dankook U. Am. "On the Way Down" musician Ryan Frank Cabrera on July 18 in Dallas, Tex. Indian "Alex Parrish in Quantico" actress and beauty queen (Miss World 2000) Priyanka Chopra on July 18 in Jamshedpur, Bihar. Am. "Sam Winchester in Supernatural" actor Jared Tristan Padalecki on July 19 in San Antonio, Tex. English "Ichabod Crane in Sleepy Hollow" actor Thomas James "Tom" Mison on July 23 in Woking, Surrey. Canadian murderer (gay) Luka Rocco Magnotta (Eric Clinton Kirk Newman) on July 24 in Scarborough, Ont. Kiwi "Flora in The Piano", "Rogue in X-Men", "Sookie Stackhouse in True Blood" actress (bi) Anna Helena Paquin on July 24 in Winnipege, Man., Canada; emigrates to New Zealand at age 4; wife (2010-) of Stephen Moyer (1969-). Am. "The Client" actor Brad Barron Renfro (d. 2008) on July 25 in Knoxville, Tenn. Am. "Chloe Sullivan in Smallville" actress Allison Mack on July 29 in Preetz, Germany. Australian "Sarah Walker in Chuck" actress Yvonne Strahovski (Strzechowski) on July 30 in Maroubra, Sydney, N.S.W.; Polish immigrant parents. Am. 6'4" football defensive end (black) (Dallas Cowboys, 2005-13) (Denver Broncos #94, 2014-) DeMarcus Omar Ware on July 31 in Auburn, Ala.; educated at Troy U. Am. "Barbara Spooner in Rock of Ages" actress Romola Sadie Garai on Aug. 6 in Hong Kong. Australian "Fanny Brawne in Bright Star" actress Abbie Cornish on Aug. 7 in Lochinvar, N.S.W. Am. 5'10" Olympic sprinter (black) Tyson Gay on Aug. 9 in Lexington, Ky. Am. Olympic speedskater (black) Shani Davis on Aug. 13 in Chicago, Ill. Am. 'Antiracist Baby' writer-activist (black) Ibram Xolani Kendi (Ibram Henry Rogers) on Aug. 13 in Queens, N.Y.; educated at Florida A&M U., and Temple U. Am. "Caroline Wakefield in Traffic", "Fiona in Flightplan", "Anna Ross in The Perfect Score" actress Erika Jane Christensen on Aug. 19 in Seattle, Wash. Am. bowler Sean Rash on Aug. 22 in Anchorage, Alaska. Am. 5'8" Olympic swimmer Natalie Anne Coughlin on Aug. 23 in Vallejo, Calif. Am. "Blue", "How Do I Live" country singer Margaret LeAnn Rimes on Aug. 28 in Jackson, Miss. Am. tennis player Andrew Stephen "Andy" "A-Rod" Roddick on Aug. 30 in Omaha, Neb. Am. writer (convert to Islam) G. Willow Wilson on Aug. 31 in N.J.; educated at Boston U. Am. White House deputy press secy. (2017-) Sarah Elizabeth Huckabee Sanders on Aug. ?; daughter of Mike Muckabee (1955-); educated at Ouachita Baptist U. Am. ballet dancer (black) Misty Copeland on Sept. 10 in Kansas City, Mo. Am. "Jaguar Paw in Apocalypto" actor-dancer Rudy Youngblood on Sept. 21 in Belton, Tex.; Comanche Indian ancestry. Am. "Moonwalking with Einstein" journalist-mnemonist (Jewish) Joshua Foer on Sept. 23 in Washington, D.C.; brother of Franklin Foer (1974-) and Jonathan Safran Foer (1977-; educated at Yale U. Am. 5'6" Olympic gymnast Paul Elbert Hamm on Sept. 24 in Washburn, Wisc.; twin of Am. 5'6" Olympic gymnast Morgan Carl Hamm on Sept. 24 in Washburn, Wisc. Am. "Tha Carter" rapper (black) Lil Wayne (Dwayne Michael Carter Jr.) on Sept. 27 in New Orleans, La.; sells 100M records incl. 15M albums and 37M digital tracks. Am. football CB (black) (Denver Broncos #27, 2005-6) Darrent Demarcus Williams (d. 2007) on Sept. 27 in Fort Worth, Tex.; educated at Okla. State U. Canadian fashion designer (gay) Jason Wu on Sept. 27 in Taipei, Taiwan; emigrates to Canada at age 9. Am. 6'10" basketball player (black) (Charlotte Bobcats #50, 2004-9) New Orleans Hornets #50, 2009-12) (Washington Wizards #50, 2012-13) Chukwuemeka (Igbo "God has done well") Ndubuisi "Emeka" Okafor on Sept. 28 in Houston, Tex.; Nigerian Igbo immigrant parents; grows up in Bartlesville, Okla.; educated at the U. of Conn.; distant cousin of Jahlil Okafor (1995-). Am. porno actress-dir. Ariana Jollee on Sept. 29 in Long Island, N.Y.; Russian Jewish and Italian descent. Irish "Out in the Sunshine" musician-songwriter Robert "Rob" Smith on Sept. 29 in Dublin; not to be confused with Rob Smith of The Cure (1959-). Am. "Claudia Salinger in Party of Five" actress Lacey Nicole Chabert on Sept. 30 in Purvis, Miss. Am. "Matty Banks in Father of the Bride", "Fuller McCallister Home Alone 2", "Wallace Wells in Scott Pilgrim v. the World" actor Kieran Kyle Culkin on Sept. 30 in New York City; brother of Macaulay Culkin (1980-) and Rory Culkin (1989-); nephew of Bonnie Bedelia (1948-). Am. musician William Pierce Butler (Arcade Fire) on Oct. 6 in Woodlands, Tex.; brother of Win Butler (1980-); educated at Phillips Exeter Academy and Northwestern U. Am. rapper (white) MC Lars (Andrew Robert Nielsen) on Oct. 6 in Berkeley, Calif. Australian 6'5" swimmer Ian James "Thorpedo" "Thorpey" Thorpe on Oct. 13 in Sydney, N.S.W. Am. "White Tiger in Power Rangers" actress Jessica Rey on Oct. 15 in Ft. Campbell, Ky. Am. "Britta Perry in Community" actress Gillian MacLaren Jacobs on Oct. 19 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at Juilliard School. South African 5'10" golfer Lodewicus Theodorus "Louis" Oosthuizen on Oct. 19 in Mossel Bay. Am. "Kyle XY" actor (gay) Matthew Joseph "Matt" Dallas on Oct. 21 in Phoenix, Ariz. Am. "William Miller in Almost Famous" actor Patrick Raymond Fugit on Oct. 27 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Am. R&B singer-songwriter (black) Keri Lynn Hilson (The Clutch) on Oct. 27 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. computer hacker Dennis M. Moran (Coolio) on Oct. 27 in Winchester, Mass. Russian Olympic figure skater Yevgeny Viktorovich Plushenko (Plyushchenko) on Nov. 3 in Solnechy, Khabarovsk Krai. Syrian singer Mohamad Bash on Nov. 6 in Damascus. U.S. Pfc. Lynndie Rana England on Nov. 8 in Ashland, Ky. Am. "Lilly in The Princess Diaries" actress Heather Amy Matarazzo on Nov. 10 in Long Island, N.Y. Italian 5'8" golfer Francesco Molinari on No. 8 in Turin; brother of Edoardo Molinari (1981-); educated at the U. of Turin. Am. model-socialite Brittny Gastineau on Nov. 11 in New York City; daughter of Mark Gastineau (1956-). Am. "The Princess Diaries", "Becoming Jane" actress-singer Anne Jacqueline Hathaway on Nov. 12 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; named after William Shakespeare's wife. Am. "Felix Taggaro in One Tree Hill" actor-model-singer Michael Sowell Copon on Nov. 13 in Chesapeake, Va. Am. 6'4" football QB (Denver Broncos #8, 2009-12) Kyle Raymond Orton on Nov. 14 in Altoona, Iowa; educated at Purdue U. Puerto Rican baseball pitcher (San Francisco Giants #57, 2006-) (leftie) Jonathan O. Sanchez on Nov. 19 in Mayaguez. Am. ABC-TV News journalist Marci Renee Gonzalez on Nov. 25 in Denville, N.J.; Uruguayan immigrant father; educated at the U. of Central Fla. Am. rock guitarist Justin Daniel York (Tait) on Nov. 26 in Grantsburg, Wisc.; brother of Taylor York (1989-). English anti-Islam activist Tommy Robinson (Stephen Christopher Yaxley-Lennon) on Nov. 27 in Luton; Irish immigrant parents. Canadian "Kim Bauer in 24" actress Elisha Ann Cuthbert on Nov. 30 in Calgary, Alberta. Australia Christian evangelist (phocomeliac) Nicholas James "Nick" Vujicic on Dec. 4 in Melbourne. Canadian "Victoria Tori Moller in Lost and Delirious" actress Jessica Pare (Paré) on Dec. 5 in Montreal, Quebec. Am. "Justin in Desperate Housewives" actor Ryan Gregg Carnes on Dec. 6 in Pittsfield, Ill. Spanish bicyclist ("El Pistolero") Alberto Contador Velasco on Dec. 6 in Pinto, Madrid. Trinidadian rapper (black) Nicki Minaj (Onika Tanya Maraj) on Dec. 8 in St. James. Canadian "Weak in the Knees" musician Serena Ryder on Dec. 8 in Toronto, Ont.; grows up in Millbrook, Ont. English singer-actor Anthony Way on Dec. 14 in London. Am. "Sunshine & Whiskey" country singer-songwriter Frank Robert "Frankie" Ballard IV on Dec. 16 in Battle Creek, Mich. English (Welsh) "Elliot Bevan in Hollyoaks" actor Garnon Davies on Dec. 16 in South Wales. Am. "Declaration" rock singer-songwriter (Am. Idol #7 winner) David Roland Cook on Dec. 20 in Houston, Tex.; raised in Blue Springs, Mo. Am. baseball pitcher Philip Gregory Humber on Dec. 21 in Nacogdoches, Tex. Am. football RB (black) (Chicago Bears, 2005-7) (Cincinnati Bengals #32, 2008-11), Green Bay Packers (2012) Cedric Myron Benson on Dec. 28 in Midland, Tex.; educated at UTA. Canadian "Lana Lang in Smallville" actress Kristin Laura Kreuk on Dec. 30 in Vancouver, B.C.; Dutch father, Chinese Indonesian mother. Am. Jeopardy! champ Julia Collins on ? in Kenilworth, Ill.; educated at Wellesley College, and MIT. English "Remember, Remember" mnemonist Edward "Ed" Cooke on ? in ?; educated at Oxfard U., and Paris Descartes U. Senegalese hip hop singer (black) Sister Fa (Fatou Mandiang Diatta) on ? in Dakar. Am. legislator (first Somali-Am.) (2017-) (Muslim) Ilhan Omar in Somalia; emigrates to the U.S. in 1995; educated at North Dakota State U. Am. conservative judge (Christian) Allison Blair Jones Rushing (nee Allison Blair Jones) on ? in Hendersonille, N.C.; educated at Wake Forest U., and Duke U. Deaths: Canadian "A Chump at Oxford" actor Forbes Murray (b. 1884) on Nov. 4 in Douglas County, Ore. Canadian Lt. Harcus Strachan (b. 1884) on May 1 in Vancouver; namesake of Mt. Strachan. English writer Frank Swinnerton (b. 1884) on Nov. 6 in Old Tokefield, Cranleigh, Surrey. U.S. First Lady (1945-53) Bess Truman (b. 1885) on Oct. 18 in Independence, Mo. Austrian "The Dance of the Bees" zoologist Karl von Frisch (b. 1886) on June 12 in Munich; 1973 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. "Twelve O'Clock High" film dir. Henry King (b. 1886) on June 29 in Toluca Lake, Calif. Czech soprano Maria Jeritza (b. 1887) on July 10 in Orange, N.J. Polish-born Am. pianist Arthur Rubinstein (b. 1887) on Dec. 20 in Geneva, Switzerland. English "Agatha Morley in The Farmer's Daughter" actress Cathleen Nesbitt (b. 1888) on Aug. 2 in London. Polish-born Jewish ballet dancer-teacher Dame Marie Rambert (b. 1888) on June 12 in London. English League of Nations co-founder Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker of Derby (b. 1889) on Oct. 8 in London; 1959 Nobel Peace Prize. Am. musician Nathaniel Shilkret (b. 1889) on Feb. 18 in Franklin Square, N.Y. Am. Mar-a-Lago architect Marion Sims Wyeth (b. 1889). Russian-born Am. color TV inventor Vladimir Zworykin (b. 1889) on July 29 in Princeton, N.J. English "Alfred P. Doolittle in My Fair Lady" actor Stanley Holloway (b. 1890) on Jan. 30 in Littlehampton, Sussex. Am. novelist Margaret Culkin Banning (b. 1891) on Jan. 4 in Tryon, N.C.: "Regrets are as personal as fingerprints." Am. Hallmark Cards co-founder Joyce C. Hall (b. 1891) on Oct. 29 in Kansas City, Mo. Am. "Nancy Drew", "Hardy Boys" novelist-publisher Harriet Stratemeyer Adams (b. 1892) (AKA Carolyn Keene, Franklin W. Dixon) on Mar. 27 in Potterville, N.J. (heart attack while watching "The Wizard of Oz" on TV). Am. poet Djuna Barnes (b. 1892) on June 18 in New York City; lived for the last 42 years at 5 Patchin Place in Greenwich Village, becoming the last surviving member of the first gen. of English-language modernists: "I am not a lesbian, I just loved Thelma"; "A man is whole only when he takes into account his shadow." English historian-journalist Edward Hallett Carr (b. 1892) on Nov. 3. Russian-born Am. labor leader David Dubinsky (b. 1892) on Sept. 17. Canadian-Am. "Prince Valiant, "Tarzan"" cartoonist Hal Foster (b. 1892) on July 25 in Spring Hill, Fla. (heart attack). Am. poet Archibald MacLeish (b. 1892) on Apr. 20 in Boston, Mass. German "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." dir. John Brahm (b. 1893) on Oct. 12 in Malibu, Calif. Am. silent film actress Beverly Bayne (b. 1894) on Aug. 18 in Scottsdale, Ariz. Russian celeb (wife of Salvador Dali) Gala Dali (b. 1894) on June 10 in Port Lligat, spain. Am. Ping-Pong Flight aviator Dick Merrill (b. 1894) on Oct. 31 in Elsinore, Calif.; retired in 1961 from Eastern Air Lines with a record 36K hours, plus another 9K flight hours, for 8M mi. total. Am. journalist Felix Muskett Morley (b. 1894) on Mar. 13. South African pres. (1961-7) Charles Robberts Swart (b. 1894) on July 16 in Bloemfontein. Am. "Northwest Passage" dir.-producer King Vidor (b. 1894) on Nov. 1 in Paso Robles, Calif. (heart failure); five Oscar nominations, zero Oscars. Austrian-born Am. psychoanalyst Anna Freud (b. 1895) on Oct. 9: "Creative minds always have been known to survive any kind of bad training." Am. chemist William Francis Giauque (b. 1895) on Mar. 28 in Berkeley, Calif.; 1949 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. Grumman Aircraft co-founder Leroy Grumman (b. 1895) on Oct. 4 in Manhasset, N.Y. Kiwi detective novelist Dame Ngaio Marsh (b. 1895) on Feb. 18 in Christchurch. German "Carmina Burana" composer Carl Orff (b. 1895) on Mar. 29 in Munich; buried in Andrechs Monastery in Bavaria. Am. Los Angeles mayor (1953-61) Norris Poulson (b. 1895) on Sept. 25. Austrian-born Am. composer-conductor Nathaniel Shilkre (b. 1895) on Feb. 18. Am. "Middletown" sociologist Helen M. Lynd (b. 1896) on Jan. 30 in Warren, Ohio. Am. toymaker Louis Marx (b. 1896) on Feb. 5 in White Plains, N.Y. Am. "Vargas Girl" artist Alberto Vargas (b. 1896) on Dec. 30. French writer (Surrealism co-founder) Louis Aragon (b. 1897) on Dec. 24 in Paris. U.S. CIA dir. #3 Roscoe Henry Hillenkoetter (b. 1897) on June 18 in New York City. Am. "Tip-Toe Through the Tulips" singer-guitarist Nick Lucas (b. 1897) on July 28 in Colorado Springs, Colo. (pneumonia); sold 84M records. Am. Air Force chief of staff Gen. Nathan F. Twining (b. 1897) on Mar. 29 in Lackland AFB, Tex. Am. poet Horace Gregory (b. 1898) on Mar. 11 in Shelburne Falls, Mass. Am. "Spirit of St. Louis" aircraft manufacturer Tubal Claude Ryan (b. 1898) on Sept. 11 in San Diego, Calif. French archeologist Claude Frederic-Armand Schaeffer (b. 1898). Am. radio comedian Goodman Ace (b. 1899) on Mar. 25 in in New York City. Am. "Little Caesar" novelist William Riley Burnett (b. 1899) on Apr. 25 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. "Mrs. and Mrs. North" detective novelist Richard Orson Lockridge (b. 1899) on June 19 in Tryon, N.C. (stroke). Swaziland king (1899-1982) Sobhuza II (b. 1899) on Aug. 21 in Mbabane; world's longest reigning monarch (82 years 9 mo.). Am. "Amos in Amos and Andy" radio comedian Freeman Gosden (b. 1899) on Dec. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure). Ukrainian-born Am. chemist George Kistiakowsky (b. 1900) on Dec. 7 in Cambridge, Mass. (cancer). Am. altimeter inventor Paul Kollsman (b. 1900) on Mar. 17 in Beverly Hills, Calif.; his 120-acre Enhanted Hill mansion in Beverly Hills is purchased for $20M by Paul Allen of Microsoft, who razes the house in 2000. Am. jazz trumpeter Wingy Manone (b. 1900) on July 9. Am. "The Pawnbroker" TV producer Worthington Miner (b. 1900) on Dec. 11 in New York City. Am. engineer ("Father of Silicon Valley") Frederick Terman (b. 1900) on Dec. 19 in Palo Alto, Calif. (heart failure). German Gen. Walther Wenck (b. 1900) on May 1 in Bad Rothenfelde. French microbiologist Rene Dubos (b. 1901) on Feb. 20; dies on his 81st birthday. Am. silent film actor Al Hoxie (b. 1901) on Apr. 2 in Redlands, Calif. Am. acoustical engineer (electric sound synthesizer inventor) Harry Ferdinand Olson (b. 1901) on Apr. 1 in Princeton, N.J. Spanish novelist Ramon J. Sender (b. 1901) on Jan. 16 in San Diego, Calif. Ukrainian-born Am. "Hyman Roth in The Godfather II" actor-dir.-teacher Lee Strasberg (b. 1901) on Feb. 17 in New York City (heart attack). Am. historian Thomas A. Bailey (b. 1902) on July 26 in Menlo Park, Calif. Am. "Red Ryder" comic strip artist Fred Harman (b. 1902) on Jan. 2 in Phoenix, Ariz. Am. "Jonas Wilkerson in Gone with the Wind" actor Victor Jory (b. 1902) on Feb. 12 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. boxer Tommy Loughran (b. 1902) on July 7 in Altoona, Penn. Am. actor Phil Ober (b. 1902) on Sept. 13 in Mexico City, Mexico (heart failure); husband of Vivian Vance. German-born British financier Siegmund Warburg (b. 1902) on Oct. 22 in London. Ukrainian-born Am. poet Marya Zaturenska (b. 1902). Am. Looney Tunes animator Hugh Harman (b. 1903) on Nov. 25 in Chatsworth, Calif. Russian-born British-Am. economist Abba Lerner (b. 1903) on Oct. 27 in Tallahassee, Fla. Swedish scientist Hugo Theorell (b. 1903) on Aug. 15; 1955 Nobel Medicine Prize. Scottish viola player William Primrose (b. 1904) on May 1 in Provo, Utah (cancer). English "It's Time to Dance" entertainer Elsie Randolph (b. 1904) on Oct. 15 in London Kashmir leader Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah (b. 1905) on Sept. 8 in Srinagar. Swiss-born Am. physicist Felix Bloch (b. 1905) on Sept. 10 in Zurich; 1952 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. "Nancy" cartoonist Ernie Bushmiller (b. 1905) on Aug. 15 in Stamford, Conn. Am. "Ellery Queen" novelist Frederic Dannay (b. 1905) on Sept. 3. Am. "The President in Fail-Safe" actor Henry Fonda (b. 1905) on Aug. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart disease). Polish Communist leader Wladyslaw Gomulka (b. 1905) on Sept. 1 in Konstancin. Am. Watergate special prosecutor (1973-4) Leon Jaworski (b. 1905) on Dec. 9 near Wimberly, Tex.; dies while chopping wood at Circle J Ranch. Russian-born Am. philosopher Ayn Rand (b. 1905) on Mar. 6 in New York City; she is laid out beside a 6-ft. dollar sign made of flowers: "Civilization is the progress toward a society of privacy"; "The root of production is man's mind; the mind is an attribute of the individual and it does not work under orders, controls and compulsion, as centuries of stagnation have demonstrated. Progress cannot be planned by government, and it cannot be restricted or retarded; it can only be stopped, as every statist government has demonstrated"; "There is no difference between Communism and Socialism, except in the means of achieving the same ultimate end: Communism proposes to enslave men by force, Socialism by vote. It is merely the difference between murder and suicide." Am. poet Kenneth Rexroth (b. 1905) on June 6 in Montecito, Santa Barbara, Calif. (heart failure). French economist Leonard Rist (b. 1905). Am. sports columnist Red Smith (b. 1905) on Jan. 15 in Stamford, Conn. (heart failure). Am. bandleader Charlie Spivak (b. 1905) on Mar. 1 in Greenville, S.C. (cancer). Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev (b. 1906) on Nov. 10 in Moscow (heart attack). Am. "Our Invisible Poor" writer Dwight Macdonald (b. 1906) on Nov. 29 in New York City. Am. baseball hall-of-fame pitcher Satchel Paige (b. 1906) on June 8 in Kansas City, Mo. (heart attack during a power failure). Am. psychic The Amazing Criswell (b. 1907) on Oct. 4 in Burbank, Calif.; leaves the song "Someone Walked Over My Grave". English concert pianist Sir Clifford Curzon (b. 1907) on Sept. 1. French PM #143 (1954-5) Pierre Mendes France (b. 1907) on Oct. 18 in Paris. Am. psychologist Orval Hobart Mowrer (b. 1907) on June 20. Austrian-born Canadian physiologist Hans Selye (b. 1907) on Oct. 16 in Montreal. French filmmaker Jacques Tati (b. 1907) on Nov. 5 in Paris (pulmonary embolism). English actress Dame Celia Johnson (b. 1908) on Apr. 26 in Nettlebed, Oxfordshire (stroke). Indian guru Swami Muktananda (b. 1908) on Oct. 2 in Ganeshpuri (near Bombay). Italian composer Renzo Rossellini (b. 1908) on May 13 in Monte Carlo. Kiwi aviatrix ("Greta Barbo of the Skies") Jean Gardner Batten (b. 1909) on Nov. 22 in Majorca (dog bite). Am. potato chip magnate Herman Warden Lay (b. 1909) on Dec. 6 in Dallas, Tex. British RAF pilot hero Capt. Sir Douglas Bader (b. 1910) on Sept 5 in Chiswick, London (heart attack). U.S. Supreme Court justice #96 (1965-9) Abe Fortas (b. 1910) on Apr. 5 in Washington, D.C. Am. "Lullaby of Broadway" singer-actress Wini Shaw (b. 1910) on May 2 in New York City. Am. advertising exec Bill Bernbach (b. 1911) on Oct. 2 in New York City. English surgeon Sir John Charnley (b. 1911) on Aug. 5 in Manchester. Am. "The Wapshot Chronicle" novelist John Cheever (b. 1912) on June 18 in Norwell, Mass. (cancer). Am. blues musician Sam "Lightnin'" Hopkins (b. 1912) on Jan. 30 in Houston, Tex. Am. actress-dancer Eleanor Powell (b. 1912) on Feb. 11 in Beverly Hills, Calif. German U-boat capt. Hans Jenisch (b. 1913) on Apr. 29 in Kronshagen (near Kiel). Iraqi pres.(1968-79) Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr (b. 1914) on Oct. 4 in Baghdad (heart disease). French fashion designer Pierre Balmain (b. 1914) on June 29 in Neuilly, Paris (cancer); his personal asst. Erik Mortensen (1926-98) takes over (until July 1990): "Dressmaking is the architecture of movement." English actor Kenneth More (b. 1914) on July 12 in London (Parkinson's). Am. fundamentalist preacher Lester Roloff (b. 1914) on Nov. 2 near Normangee, Tex. (plane crash). Am. "Gunther Toody in Car 54, Where Are You?" actor Joe E. Ross (b. 1914) on Aug. 13 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. singing cowboy actor Jimmy Wakely (b. 1914) on Sept. 23 in Mission Hills, Calif. (heart failure). English composer William Lloyd Webber (b. 1914) on Oct. 29 in London; father of Andrew Lloyd Webber. Am. "Fractured Flickers" "The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T" actor Hans Conried (b. 1915) on Jan. 5 in Burbank, Calif. (heart attack). Am. novelist Leicester Hemingway (b. 1915) on Sept. 13 (suicide); brother of Ernest Hemingway. German-Austrian "Gen. Gunther Blumentritt in The Longest Day" actor Curt Jurgens (b. 1915) on June 18 in Vienna (heart attack). Argentine-born Am. actor-dir. Fernando Lamas (b. 1915) on Oct. 8 in Los Angeles, Calif. (pancreatic cancer): "When a person has an accent, it means he can speak one more language than you." Italian tenor Mario del Monaco (b. 1915) on Oct. 16 in Mestre. English composer Humphrey Searle (b. 1915) on May 12 in London. Am. "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum", "No, No, Nanette" librettist Burt Shevelove (b. 1915) on Apr. 8 in London, England. German-born Swiss "Marat/Sade" playwright-novelist Peter Ulrich Weiss (b. 1916) on May 10 in Stockholm. Am. jazz pianist-composer (founder of bebop) Thelonious Monk (b. 1917) on Feb. 17 in Englewood, N.J. (stroke). Am. anti-evolution anti-sex ed Calif. public schools suptd. #22 (1963-71) Maxwell Lewis Rafferty (b. 1917) on June 13 in Troy, Ala. (automobile accident). Swiss actor Francois Simon (b. 1917) on Oct. 5 in Geneva. Swedish "Casablanca" actress Ingrid Bergman (b. 1918) on Aug. 29 in London (cancer). Am. "King of Eefing" country music eefer Jimmie Riddle (b. 1918) on Dec. 10 (cancer). Italian banker ("God's Banker") Roberto Calvi (b. 1920) on June 17 in London, England (murder). Am. "Sgt. Joe Friday in Dragnet" actor-dir.-producer Jack Webb (b. 1920) on Dec. 23 in West Hollywood, Calif. Am. "Great Imposter" F.W. Demara Jr. (b. 1921) on June 8. Am. New York socialite Brenda Frazier (b. 1921) on May 3 (cancer). Irish "Marat/Sade" actor-dir. Patrick Magee (b. 1922) on Aug. 14 in London, England. Am. psychologist Carolyn Sherif (b. 1922) on July 23 in State College, Penn. (cancer). Am. "Stalag 17" comedic actor Harvey Lembeck (b. 1923) on Jan. 5 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). English "Days in the Hay" novelist Arthur Wise (b. 1923). Am. jazz musician Sonny Stitt (b. 1924) on July 22 in Washington, D.C. (heart attack). Am. "The Cincinnati Kid" novelist-screenwriter Richard Jessup (b. 1925) on Oct. 22 in Nokomis, Fla. (cancer). Am. "Stairway of Love" country singer Marty Robbins (b. 1925) on Dec. 8 in Nashville, Tenn. (heart attack); in 1983 NASCAR renames the Nashville 420 in his honor. Am. "Hollywood Squares" comedian Paul Lynde (b. 1926) on Jan. 10 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Am. sci-fi writer Philip K. Dick (b. 1928) on Mar. 2 in Santa Ana, Calif.; buried in Ft. Morgan, Colo.; dies broke 2 mo. before the release of the film "Blade Runner", which sparks new interest in his work; never made more than $12K a year, and once ate horse meat from a pet store. Am. "Dillinger" actor Warren Oates (b. 1928) on Apr. 3. Monaco Princess Grace Kelly (b. 1929) on Sept. 14 near La Turbie, France (brain hemorrhage after an auto accident). Bangladesh-born Am. architect Fazlur Rahman Khan (b. 1929) on Mar. 27. Am. actor Vic Morrow (b. 1929) on July 23 in Indian Dunes, Ventura County, Calif. ((heli accident while filming "Twilight Zone: The Movie", which also kills two Vietnamese children ages 6 and 7). Am. actor Jack Mullaney (b. 1929) on June 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Great White Hope" dramatist Howard Sackler (b. 1929) on Oct. 12 in Ibiza, Spain (pulmonary thrombosis). Am. astronaut Jack Swigert (b. 1931) on Dec. 27 in Washington, D.C. (bone cancer); first moonbound Apollo astronaut to die; dies after being elected a U.S. Repub. Rep. from Colo. but before taking office. Canadian pianist-composer Glenn Gould (b. 1932) on Oct. 4 in Toronto, Ont. (stroke). Am. "Beowulf" novelist John Gardner (b. 1933) on Sept. 14 in Susquehanna, Penn. (motorcycle accident). Am. "Hi-Heel Sneakers" singer Tommy Tucker (b. 1933) on Jan. 22 in Newark, N.J. (carbon tetrachloride poisoning while refinishing his hardwood floors). Am. soul singer Joe Tex (b. 1935) on Aug. 13 in Navasota, Tex. (heart attack). Kenyan economist Barack Hussein Obama Sr. (b. 1936) on Nov. 24 in Nairobi (3rd automobile crash after years of drunk driving which cost him both legs in the 2nd). French "Life: A User's Manual" novelist Georges Perec (b. 1936) on Mar. 3 in Ivry-sur-Seine (lung cancer). Am. "King Tut in Batman" actor Victor Buono (b. 1938) on Jan. 1n Apple Valley, Calif. (heart attack). Austrian actress Romy Schneider (b. 1938) on May 29 in Paris (heart failure). Am. folk singer David Blue (b. 1941) on Dec. 2 in New York City (heart attack); dies while jogging in Washington Square Park. Am. record exec Neil Bogart (b. 1943) on May 8 (cancer). German "The Stationmaster's Wife" dir. Rainer Werner Fassbinder (b. 1945) on June 10 in Munich (cocaine OD); his death marks the end of New German Cinema? Am. "Joliet Jake Blues in The Blues Brothers" actor-comedian John Belushi (b. 1949) on Mar. 5 in Hollywood, Calif. (OD); epitaph: "I may be gone, but Rock and Roll lives on." Saudi Arabian king Khalid (b. 1949) in June (heart attack). Canadian auto racer Gilles Villenueve (b. 1950) on May 8 in Leuven, Belgium (accident at the Belgian Grand Prix in Zolder). Am. Quiet Riot guitarist Randy Rhoads (b. 1956) on Mar. 19 in Leesburg, Fla. (private airplane crash).



1983 - The Top Femme Guion Bluford Ride, Sally, Ride Reagan Kisses Taliban Butt Year? Millennium Fever becomes strangely mixed with Orwellian 1984 fears as the countdown to Orwell Day begins with a new crop of American football stars, the modern Roman gladiators? Reagan stinks himself up with environmental official scandals (Lavelle, Gorsuch, Watt)?

U.S. Pres. Ronald Reagan with Taliban, Mar. 21, 1983 Yitzhak Shamir of Israel (1915-) Chaim Herzog of Israel (1918-97) Bob Hawke of Australia (1929-) Bettino Craxi of Italy (1934-2000) Enrico Berlinguer of Itlay (1922-84) Capt. Thomas Sankara of Upper Volta (1949-87) U.S. Embassy in Lebanon Bombing, Apr. 18, 1983 Marine Barracks Bombing in Beirut, Oct. 23, 1983 Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah (1935-2010) Neil Gordon Kinnock of Britain (1942-) Halil Turgut Özal of Turkey (1927-93) Mario Cuomo of the U.S. (1932-2015) Li Xiannian of China (1909-92) Sally K. Ride of the U.S. (1951-) Guion S. Bluford Jr. of the U.S. (1942-) Benigno S. 'Ninoy' Aquino of Philippines (1932-83) Gen. Oscar Humberto Mejia Victores of Guatemala (1930-) Jaime Lusinchi of Venezuela (1924-) Raul Ricardo Alfonsin of Argentina (1927-2009) Prince Bandar bin Sultan of Saudi Arabia (1949-) Sir Anerood Jugnauth of Mauritius (1930-) Gen. Muhammadu Buhari of Nigeria (1942-) William Patrick Clark Jr. of the U.S. (1931-) Gerry Studds of the U.S. (1937-2006) Harold Lee Washington of the U.S. (1922-87) Woodrow Wilson Goode of the U.S. (1938-) Jesse Jackson of the U.S. (1941-) U.S. Lt. Cmdr. Albert Schaufelberger (-1983) Federico Peńa of the U.S. (1947-) Winston Bernard Coard of Grenada (1945-) Gen. Hudson Austin of Grenada (1938-) Lawrence Patton McDonald of the U.S. (1935-83) Scoop Jackson of the U.S. (1912-83) Rita Marie Lavelle of the U.S. (1946-) Mary Frances Berry of the U.S. (1938-) Barber Benjamin Conable Jr. of the U.S. (1922-2003) U.S. Lt. Bobby Goodman Paul Joseph Weitz of the U.S. (1932-) Karol Joseph Bobko of the U.S. (1937-) Donald Herold Pweterson of the U.S. (1933-) Franklin Story Musgrave of the U.S. (1935-) Imad Fayez Mughniyah (1962-2008) Donald P. Gregg Felix Ismael Rodriguez (1941-) George Wallace (1919-98) at the U. of Ala. June 11, 1963 Wah-Mee Massacre, Feb. 18, 1983 Gordon Kahl (1920-83) Freddy Heineken (1923-2002) Jackie Presser (1926-88) Ginny Foat (1941-) Colin Pitchfork (1960-) 'Flashdance', 1983 Jerry Bruckheimer (1945-) Helen E. Fisher (1945-) Mike Bossy (1957-) Billy Smith (1950-) Brian R. Lawton (1965-) John Elway (1960-) Jim Kelly (1960-) Tony Eason (1959-) Todd Alan Blackledge (1961-) Ken O'Brien (1960-) Dan Marino (1961-) Pat Bowlen (1984-2019) Tony Dorsett (1954-) John Riggins (1949-) Yannick Noah (1960-) Gerrie Coetzee (1955-) George Brett (1953-) Tom Sneva (1948-) Ralph Sampson (1960-) Clyde Drexler (1962-) Norm Duke (1964-) Vanessa Williams (1963-) Miss America Suzette Charles (1963-) Bob Paris (1959-) Grzegorz Przemyk (1964-83) Samantha Smith (1972-85) Gordon Getty (1934-) Hu Na (1963-) Theodore Levitt (1925-2006) Ronald Newbold Bracewell (1921-2007) Howard Earl Gardner (1943-) Kazuo Hashimoto (-1995) John Buster (1941-) John Buster (1941-) Kay Davies (1951-) Jacques Genest (1919-2018) Walter Jakob Gehring (1939-) James Francis Gusella (1952-) Ralph Metzner (1936-) Luc Montagnier (1932-) Robert Charles Gallo (1937-) Myron 'Max' Essex (1939-) Lech Walesa (1943-) Sir William Golding (1911-93) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-95) William Alfred Fowler (1911-95) Henry Taube (1915-2005) Leonard Max Adelman (1945-) Carl Pomerance (1944-) Robert Scott Rumely (1952-) Barbara McClintock (1902-92) Gerard Debreu (1921-2004) Carlo Rubbia (1934-) Simon van der Meer (1925-) Kary Banks Mullis (1944-2019) Howell Peregrine (1938-2007) Arthrobot, 1983 Philippe Kahn (1962-) Mitch Kapor (1950-) Lotus 1-2-3, 1983 Sir James Dyson (1947-) Richard Allen Garriott (1961-) and Robert K. Garriott (1956-) Marion Zimmer Bradley (1930-99) Master Charles Cannon (1945-) Guillermo Calvo (1941-) William Cronon (1954-) Nora Ephron (1941-) Derek Freeman (1916-2001) Sheila Fugard (1932-) Nicholas Gage (1939-) William Goldman (1931-) Rebecca Goldstein (1950-) Ron Hansen (1947-) Louis Rudolph Harlan (1922-2010) Andrew Harvey (1952-) Mark Helprin (1947-) Jerry Herman (1931-) John Hollander (1929-) Tina Howe (1937-) Lewis Hyde (1945-) Denis Johnson (1949-) Joyce Johnson (1935-) Paul Johnson (1928-2023)-) Galway Kinnell (1927-2014) Gordon Lish (1934-) Constance Cumbey (1944-) Shirley MacLaine (1934-) Manning Marable (1950-) Marsha Norman (1947-) Leonard Orr Francine Pascal (1938-) W. David Pierce Bob Ross (1942-95) Lee Smith (1944-) LaVyrle Spencer (1943-) Stephen Sprouse (1953-2004) Steve Stern (1947-) Sir Keith Thomas (1933-) Peter de Vries (1910-93) Stuart Wilde (1946-) Taha Jabir al-Alwani (1935-) Bananarama Def Leppard 'Pyromania' by Def Leppard, 1983 Anita Baker (1958-) Billy Bragg (1957-) Karen Carpenter (1950-83) Rita Coolidge (1945-) Dio The Divinyls Dokken The Eurythmics Violent Femmes Information Society Lynn Goldsmith (1948-) Nina Hagen (1955-) Talking Heads The JoBoxers Journey Greg Kihn Band Cyndi Lauper (1953-) 'Shes So Unusual' by Cyndi Lauper, 1983 Madonna (1958-) Metallica Corey Mitchell (1962-) 'Midnight Madness' by Night Ranger, 1983 Phish Queensr˙che Ratt Quiet Riot Donna Summer (1948-2012) Laura Branigan (1952-2004) Michael Sembello (1954-) Joe Esposito (1948-) Suicidal Tendencies Stevie Ray Vaughan (1954-90) Wall of Voodoo ZZ Top Husker Du (Hüsker Dü) Swans Thin Lizzy Snowy White (1948-) 'Duck Rock', by Malcolm McLaren (1946-2010) Bonnie Tyler (1951-) Karen Carpenter (1950-83) and Thomas James Burris, 1980 Matthew Wilder (1953-) Deniece Williams (1950-) Paul Young (1956-) Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (1939-) Candice Bergen (1946-) Kiefer Sutherland (1966-) 'The A-Team', 1983-7 'Buffalo Bill', 1983-4 'Mamas Family', 1983-90 'Webster', 1983-9 'The Thorn Birds', starring Richard Chamberlain (1934-) and Rachel Ward (1957-), 1983 'G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero', 1983-6 'Blood Brothers', 1983 'Brighton Beach Memoirs', 1983 'La Cage aux Folles', 1983 'Fool for Love', 1983 'Glengarry Glen Ross', 1983 'Mama, I Want to Sing!', 1983 'The Big Chill', 1983 'Brainstorm', 1983 'Christine', 1983 The Dead Zone', 1983 'The Dresser', 1983 'Educating Rita', 1983 'Entre Nous', 1983 'Local Hero', 1983 'Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence, starring David Bowie (1947-2016), 1983 'Monty Pythons The Meaning of Life', 1983 'Octopussy', starring Roger Moore (1927-), 1983 'National Lampoons Vacation', 1983 'Never Say Never Again', starring Sean Connery (1930-), 1983 'The Outsiders', 1983 Tom Cruise (1962-) in 'Risky Business', 1983 'Risky Business', 1983 'Scarface', 1983 'Silkwood', 1983 'Something Wicked This Way Comes', 1983 'Strange Invaders', 1983 'Tender Mercies', 1983 'Terms of Endearment', 1983 'WarGames', 1983 Lani Hall (1945-) Barbra Streisand (1942-) 'A Christmas Story', 1983 Darren McGavin (1922-2006) Jean Parker Shepherd (1921-99) Lorenzo Music (1937-2001) Richard Noble (1946-) AH-64 Apache, 1983 Plymouth Voyager, 1983 'Ventriloquist' by Jasper Johns (1930-), 1983 'Deeper Than D' by Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007), 1983 'Barns and Farms' by Ed Ruscha (1937-), 1983 Edward Larrabee Barnes (1915-2004) IBM (590 Madison Ave.) Bldg., 1983 550 Madison Ave. Bldg., 1983 Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, 1983 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 1983 Aretha Franklin (1942-2018) Country Music Television Logo The Nashville Network Logo Nerds Candy, 1983 Trump Tower, 1983 Stravinsky Fountain, 1983 Barbara Res

1983 Doomsday Clock: 4 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Pig (Feb. 13). Time Men of the Year: Ronald Reagan (1911-2004) (first time 1980) and Yuri Andropov (1914-84). Pres. Reagan christens this year the Year of the Bible - this is our country, this is our truck, this is our book? Pop.: North Korea: 19.2M; South Korea 59.1M. Red China launches a pop. control program, sterilizing 20M, and increasing penalties for violating the 1-child rule, incl. bulldozing homes; in Dec. family planning chief Qian Xin Zhoe announces that a woman with a child must be fitted with an IUD. This year Saudi Arabian Airlines carries 1M passengers to Mecca for the hajj, up from only 50K in 1933 and 400K in 1970. A famine in Ethiopia begins, killing 400K in N Ethiopia by 1985; a famine in Mozambique that kills 100K results from Marxist rebellion and internat. focus on the Ethiopian famine. The worst U.S. drought since 1936 combined with the largest acreage diversion in history reduces the U.S. corn harvest by 2B bushels, while a payment-in-kind (PIK) program pays farmers not to plant, costing $21.5B along with other farm support programs; the Soviet Union has good harvests for the first time since 1978, but still experiences food shortages, along with other Soviet Bloc countries except Hungary, which exports wheat and meat. On Jan. 1 UCLA defeats Michigan by 24-14 to win the 1983 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 Pope John Paul II declares this year to be an extraordinary Holy Year to mark the 1950th anniversary of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ in 33 C.E. On Jan. 1 TCP/IP becomes the standard Internet protocol. On Jan. 1 former Dem. lt. gov. (since Jan. 1, 1979) Mario Cuomo (1932-2015) becomes N.Y. gov. #52 (until Dec. 31, 1994), becoming the first Italian-Am. gov. of N.Y. On Jan. 2 the musical Annie, based on the "Little Orphan Annie" comic strip (debut on Apr. 21, 1977) closes on Broadway after 2,377 perf. On Jan. 3 the Pu'u O'o Vent of Kilauea Volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii (home of Pele) begins erupting (until ?). On Jan. 3 Suriname expels two U.S. diplomats for "destabilizing activities", then recalls its ambassador to the Netherlands to form a new govt.; on Oct.12 a report from an Org. of Am. States (OAS) commission charges Suriname's govt. with "serious violations of important human rights"; on Nov. 29 the govt. announces the stopping of a coup attempt and the arrest of 10 conspirators; in Dec. bauxite workers go on strike to protest military rule, crippling its foreign exchange. On Jan. 17 wheelchair-bound George Corley Wallace Jr. (1919-98) becomes the first to be inaugurated for a 4th term as gov. of Ala. (until Jan. 19, 1987). On Jan. 17 the flagship store of the J.L. Hudson dept. store chain (founded 1881) on Woodward Ave. in Detroit, Mich. closes after 102 years; the tallest dept. store in the world since 1961, it is demolished on Oct. 24, 1998. On Jan. 17 (6:30 a.m.) Breakfast Time debuts on BBC-TV, becoming Britain's first TV breakfast show. On Jan. 18 Jim Thorpe's 1912 Olympic gold medals are posthumously returned to him in Los Angeles, Calif. - thanks, king? On Jan. 19 after Bolivia finally gives up resisting it since his discovery in 1972, Nazi Gestapo chief ("the Butcher of Lyons") Klaus Barbie (1913-91) is arrested, then officially charged by France with war crimes on Feb. 6; on Aug. 15 the U.S. admits to shielding the bum, who was twice sentenced to death by a postwar French military tribunal. On Jan. 22 the sitcom Mama's Family debuts on CBS-TV for 130 episodes (until Feb. 24, 1990 after discontinuing on Apr. 7, 1984 then going into syndication on Sept. 27, 1986) as a spinoff of "The Carol Burnett Show", about the Harper family of Raytown, headed by 65-y-o. widowed matriarch Thelma Harper, played by Vicki Ann Lawrence (nee Axelrad) (1949-); the theme song "Bless My Happy Home" is by Peter Matz and Vicki Lawrence. On Jan. 23 (Sun.) the action-adventure series The A-Team debuts on NBC-TV for 98 episodes (until Mar. 8, 1987), about a group of Vietnam military men wrongly accused of crimes then escaping from prison and taking it on themselves to right peoples' wrongs in Los Angeles, Calif. like in "The Magnificent Seven", starring George Peppard Jr. (1928-94) as cigar-chomping team leader Col. John "Hannibal" Smith, known for the phrase "I love it when a plan comes together", black mohawk-sporting aviophobe muscle man and construction expert Mr. T (Laurence Tureaud) (1952-) as SFC B.A. (Bosco Albert) "Bad Attitude" Baracus, known for the phrases "I pity the fool", "Shut up, fool", "Quit your jibba-jabba", "I ain't gettin' on no plane" and "Hannibal's on the jazz", Dirk Benedict (Niewoehner) (1945-) as con man Lt. Templeton "Faceman" Peck, and William Dwight Schultz (1947-) as pilot Capt. H.M. "Howling Mad" Murdock, all supposed to be from the U.S. 101st Airborne Div. in Vietnam; ex-model Melinda Culea (1955-) plays reporter Amy Amanda Allen for the first 1.5 seasons; the A-Team Theme is catchy and gets the series off to good ratings on Jan. 30 after Super Bowl VIII (26.4% of the audience, #4); too bad, the violence is always cartoonish, with nobody getting hurt, and the writing slips until the show finally runs out of viewers. On Jan. 25 Pope John Paul II signs the new Code of Canon Law, incorporating Vatican II changes, expanding women's rights in the Church, and promoting ecumenism - oxymorons? On Jan. 25 the NASA-JPL Infared Astronomical (IRAS) space probe is launched, scanning the sky in four infrared bands for 10 mo. and discovering evidence of planet formation around stars before being deactivated on Nov. 21, becoming the first observatory to perform an all-sky survey at infrared wavelengths. On Jan. 26 the U.S. Hatch Eagleton Amendment is introduced in the Senate by Mo. Dem. Sen. Thomas Eagleton and Utah Repub. Sen. Orrin Hatch, stating "A right to abortion is not secured by this Constitution"; on June 28 it falls 18 votes short of the 67 required for passage. On Jan. 29 the Greek parliament votes unanimously to give wives an equal voice in family life with their husbands, but the latter pocket veto it. On Jan. 30 Super Bowl XVII (17) is held in Pasadena, Calif.; the Washington Redskins (NFC) defeat the #1-rated defensive Miami Dolphins (AFC) 27-17, holding Miami to nine first downs and four completions and gaining their first NFL title since 1942; Redskins RB Robert John "the Diesel" Riggins (1949-) (who got into a contract dispute in 1980 and sat out the 1980 season, then returned in 1981, uttering the soundbyte: "I'm bored, I'm broke, and I'm back") is MVP, rushing for 166 yards on 38 carries, incl. a 43-yard run on a 4th-and-1 for a TD which gives Washington its first lead, 20-17, with only about 10 min. remaining. On Jan. 31 seat belt use becomes mandatory in Britain for drivers and front seat passengers. In Jan. there are a total of 51 brewing groups operating a total of 80 breweries in the U.S.; the top six breweries (Anheuser-Busch, Coors, Heileman, Miller, Pabst, Stroh) control 92% of U.S. beer production, becoming the low water mark in the 20th cent. The Jan. issue of Hustler mag. features "Dirty Pool", depicting a woman being gang-raped on a pool table; on Mar. 6 Cheryl Araujo, a young mother of two in New Bedford, Mass. is hustled and gang-raped atop a pool table in Big Dan's Tavern; in 1986 she dies in a car crash while intoxicated; four men are later convicted. In Jan. Pres. Reagan signs a reauthorization of the independent council act despite strong misgivings by his U.S. Justice Dept. In Jan. Pres. Reagan's approval rate flattens out at 35% even as the economy begins to recover, and by next year begins the longest sustained peacetime prosperity in history after OPEC agrees to cut crude oil prices for the first time in its 23-year history on Mar. 14. In Jan. Nigeria expels 1M+ foreigners, mainly Ghanaians. In Jan. Mitterrand's France embarks on his austerity program to control the 12% inflation rate and reduce the huge trade deficit, increasing taxes and slashing govt. spending to repair the damage to the franc; a halt to economic growth, an increase in unemployment to 10%, and declining purchasing power result, and Mitterrand's popularity tanks; a 2nd austerity plan is announced on Mar. 25. On Feb. 2 flea market scammer Giovanni Vigliotto (Fred Jipp) (1930-91) is tried for bigamy with 104 women in 14 countries between 1949 and 1981, marrying them to steal and sell their furniture; on Apr. 11 he is sentenced to 28 years in prison for fraud and six for bigamy, and fined $336K. On Feb. 9 in a dramatic reversal from 50 years earlier, the Oxford Union Society at Oxford U. rejects by 416-187 a motion "that this House would not fight for Queen and Country". On Feb. 11 an express bus and truck collide head-on outside Amfikleia, Phthiotis, Greece, kiling 17 and injuring 10. On Feb. 12 a snowstorm paralyzes the NE U.S., killing 14. On Feb. 13 a bus and truck collide head-on outside Sanliurfa, Turkey, killing 20 and injuring 10. On Feb. 13 a cinema in Turin, Italy burns, killing 64. On Feb. 13-14 the Americus and Altair fishing (crabbing) boats sink in the Bering Sea, killing 14 fishermen from Anacortes, Wash. On Feb. 16 the 1983 Ash Wed. Bush Fires in Victoria and South Australia kill 76. On Feb. 16 Rio Airways Dash 7 from Killeen, Tex. to Dallas, Tex. is hijacked by Iranian man Hussein Shey Kholya to Nuevo Laredo, Mexico. On Feb. 17 Denise Denofrio (b. 1961) is found strangled to death in a car in Fairfield, Calif.; Alan Hall (1949-) is convicted of voluntary manslaughter in July; in 1997 a suspected friend of Denofrio calling herself Denise lures Hall into having sex and then severs his penis with a knife and escapes. On Feb. 17 Gen. Motors and Toyota sign an agreement to produce subcompact cars in Fremont, Calif. On Feb. 18 the Wah Mee Gambling Parlor Massacre sees 13 tied-up and killed in an attempted robbery at the Wah Mee gambling parlor in the Louisa Hotel in Chinatown, Seattle, Wash., becoming the deadliest mass murder in Wash. state history (until ?); the 14th victim survives and testifies against the shooters Kwan Fai "Willie" Mak, Wai-Chiu "Tony" Ng, and Benjamin Ng. On Feb. 20 immigration of Muslim refugees from Bangladesh to Assam, India results in riots that kill 600. On Feb. 23 the Salem Nuclear Power Plant in Salem County, N.J. fails an automatic shut-down. On Feb. 24 the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians releases a report condemning the internment of 120K Japanese-Americans during World War II as a "grave injustice" caused by "racial prejudice, war hysteria, and failure of political leadership". On Feb. 24 parliamentary elections in Bermondsey, England see Sir Simon Henry Ward Hughes (1951-) defeat Peter Tatchell, causing allegations of homophobia; Hughes stays an MP until Mar. 30, 2015. On Feb. 26 Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip arrive in San Diego, Calif., the first stop of their North Am. tour. On Feb. 28 the 2.5-hour final episode of M*A*S*H, Goodbye, Farewell and Amen airs, becoming the highest-rated TV program (until ?), with a 60.3 rating and a 77% share (125M viewers) (highest until?); the show ran for 11 seasons and won 14 Emmys and 109 nominations; Charles Winchester leaves with the garbage; Klinger's yellow dress is buried in a foot locker time capsule during taping of the final episode in Jan. On Mar. 1 the Balearic Islands and Madrid in Spain become autonomous communities. On Mar. 2 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in EEOC v. Wyoming to uphold the U.S. Age Discrimination in Employement Act of 1967 - a no-brainer considering the age of the justices? On Mar. 2 a charter bus plunges off a mountain highway into the Mantaro River in Jauja, Peru, killing 30. On Mar. 2 the Big Bang of CD sees CD players along with 16 CD titles from CBS Records released in the U.S. On Mar. 5 after he grants a double dissolution of parliament on Feb. 3, gen. elections in Australia oust the Liberal Party of PM Malcolm Fraser, and on Mar. 11 Australian Council of Trade Unions pres. Robert James Lee "Bob" Hawke (1929-) of the Labour Party becomes PM #23 of Australia (until Dec. 20 1991), going on to become the long-serving Labour PM (until ?), presiding over the final constitutional separation of Australia from Britain. On Mar. 5 Viacom Inc.'s Country Music Television (CMT) in Nashville, Tenn. debuts on cable, growing to an audience of 91M U.S. households by 2013; the slogan is "Get country". On Mar. 7 The Nashville Network (TNN) debuts; in 2003 it becomes Spike TV, then Spike in 2006. On Mar. 8 the U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee endorses a nuclear weapons freeze with the Soviet Union, which is denounced the same day by Pres. Reagan as a "very dangerous fraud". On Mar. 8 Pres. Reagan addresses Christian evangelicals in Orlando, Fla., and delivers his Focus of Evil Speech, calling the Soviet Union "the focus of evil in the modern world". On Mar. 9 Pope John Paul II visits Haiti, snubs the Duvaliers, and declares publicly "Things must change here"; on Mar. 10 he ends his visit to seven Central Am. countries. On Mar. 9 EPA head #4 (since 1981) Anne Gorsuch Burford (1942-2004) resigns over a dispute regarding an investigation of her agency over mishandling of the $1.6B toxic waste Superfund, and Pres. Reagan pisses-off environmental groups again by appointing her to a 3-year term as head of the Nat. Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere, which she calls a "nothing-burger", after which both houses of Congress pass non-binding resolutions calling on him to withdraw the appointment, and she decides not to accept. On Mar. 13 employees agree to buy Nat. Steel's Welton Steel Works for $66M. On Mar. 14 Am. Airlines announces a new fare schedule based on distance with minimal discounting; on Mar. 15 United Airlines follows suit, followed by the other major airlines, pissing-off Ralph Nader, who asks the U.S. Dept. of Justice to investigate antitrust violations for their "easy-to-cope formula which allows airlines to know esactly how much everyone will be charging in a given market just by counting the miles." On Mar. 16 the Transmitter Ismaning, the last wooden radio tower in Germany is demolished. On Mar. 17 George H.W. Bush holds a secret meeting in the White House with CIA men Donald P. Gregg and Felix Ismael Rodriguez (1941-) (his old Cuban exile friend who teamed with him on Operation 40 in the early 1960s), setting up a secret plan to provide aid to the Nicaraguan Contras, with Rodriguez running their supply depot in El Slavador; on Dec. 21 Gregg introduces Rodriguez to Oliver North. On Mar. 18 Mexico's financial crisis causes a surge of illegal aliens over the border into Texas; by the end of the decade between 4M-6M cross the U.S. border to work illegally. On Mar. 19 the TV special Still the Beaver, dedicated to the late Hugh Beaumont reunites the no-longer-cute pudgy grownup Beaver and his TV family, who are all aging better than him? On Mar. 21 the U.S. Congress votes $4.6B for an emergency jobs bill. On Mar. 21 U.S. Pres. Ronald Reagan meets with leaders of the Taliban to proclaim Afghanistan Day, praising them as "valiant and courageous Afghan freedom fighters", and uttering the Islam history ignoramus soundbyte that they are the "moral equivalent of America's Founding Fathers" - does he know who's rolling over in Washington's tomb? On Mar. 23 Pres. Reagan delivers his Star Wars Speech, calling the Soviet Union "an evil empire" and calling for a space-based defense system against ICBMs called the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), describing it as a "new hope for our children in the 21st century", all despite warnings of experts that the system can never work because of numerous possible countermeasures; he stole it from his role as Secret Service agent Brass Bancroft in the 1940 film "Murder in the Air", or from the 1966 film "Torn Curtain" in which Paul Newman said "We will produce a defensive weapon that will make all nuclear weapons obsolete, and thereby abolish the terror of nuclear warfare"; Sen. Ted Kennedy dubs the program Star Wars after the George Lucas flicks - Star Wars Episode 4: A New Hope? On Mar. 23 Dr. Barney Clark, recipient of a permanent artificial heart dies at the U. of Utah Medical Center after 112 days with the device. On Mar. 25 Michael Jackson performs live in the Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever TV special, first performing his signature dance move, the Moonwalk, which is watched by 47M viewers and confirms him as a superstar in the same league with Elvis and the Beatles. On Mar. 31 an earthquake in Popauan, Colombia kills 5K. In Mar. Dublin, Ireland-born Chaim Herzog (1918-97) (son of the chief rabbi of Ireland) is elected pres. #6 of Israel, and is sworn in on May 5, going on to serve for 10 years (until May 13, 1993). In Mar. Microsoft announces its intention of producing a GUI-based operating system like Apple Computer's; in Nov. Microsoft announces Windows, but fails to deliver it to store shelves for two years; IBM, knowing Microsoft's habit of announcing vaporware, shows no interest - what do you call magic? On Apr. 1 tens of thousands of Green Party demonstrators in Europe protest U.S. nuclear weapons on European soil; in rural England tens of thousands link arms in a 14-mi. human chain spanning three defense installations. On Apr. 1 unemployed steel workers line up for food Depression-style in Berwick, Penn.; meanwhile in Mar. the USDA determines that a family of four can subsist on $58 a week in food stamps, along with the $3B a year Nat. School Lunch Program that feeds 23.4M children in 91K schools, and in June Pres. Reagan holds a news conference defending taking 800K off food stamps for having an income 50% over the poverty level, and U.S. agriculture secy. #21 (1981-6) John Rusling Block *18350( and his wife and daughter live for a week on the $58 in food stamps, claiming they were well fed but that it is "impossible to really appreciate the plight of the poor". On Apr. 4 the 2nd Space Shuttle Challenger makes its successful maiden voyage STS-6, carrying astronauts Paul Joseph Weitz (1932-), Karol Joseph "Bo" Bobko (1937-), Donald Herold Peterson (1933-), and Franklin Story Musgrave (1935-), deploying a TDRS tracking satellite and making the first U.S. space walk in nine years. On Apr. 5 the French govt. expels 47 Soviets accused of espionage. On Apr. 6 claiming that rock 'n' roll bands attract "the wrong element", Wyo.-born interior secy. James G. Watt declines to invite the Beach Boys to perform at a Washington Fourth of July celebration; he later reverses himself - ooh, love hurts? On Apr. 8 20 in. of rainfall in the Gulf Coast states kills 10 and displaces 27K. On Apr. 12 Chicago, Ill.-born Dem. Harold Lee Washington (1922-87) is elected Chicago's first African-Am. mayor, and is sworn-in as Chicago mayor #41 on Apr. 29 (until Nov. 25, 1987); Barack Obama becomes his friend and considers him a role model. On Apr. 15 Tokyo Disneyland in Japan opens. On Apr. 17 police rout 1K Solidarity supporters in Warsaw, Poland. On Apr. 18 a gen. election in Thailand elects a new coalition govt., with Gen. Prem Tinsulanonda continuing as PM. On Apr. 18 (1:03 p.m.) a Lebanese Hezbollah suicide bomber rams a van loaded with explosives into the U.S. Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 63, incl. 17 Americans incl. several U.S. soldiers and one U.S. Marine becoming the deadliest attack on a U.S. diplomatic mission so far, becoming the start attacks on U.S. tarets by Islamist groups; on May 17 the U.S., Lebanon, and Israel sign an agreement for Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon. On Apr. 20 after the Reagan admin. claims that Social Security is 3 mo. from bankruptcy, and a bipartian pres. commission is created, Pres. Reagan signs a $168B package delaying Social Security cost-of-living increases for 6 mo., boosting payroll deductions starting next year, raising the cap on eligible income to $35.7K, and gradually raising the min. retirement age to 67 in 2007, requiring new federal employees to join the system, and making some benefits of higher-income retirees subject to federal income tax; allegedly designed to insure the system's solvency for the next 75 years, U.S. Rep. (R-N.Y.) (1965-85) Barber Benjamin Conable Jr. (1922-2003) (a former ally of Richard Nixon, who broke with him over Watergate and coinedthe term "smoking gun") calls it "not a work of art, but an artful work"; by 2010 it collects $3T in surplus payroll taxes and not one penny goes into a Social Security check?; in 1986 Reagan appoints Conable pres. of the World Bank (until 1991). On Apr. 20 the Soviet Soyuz T 8 mission blasts off, carrying cosmonauts Vladimir B. Titov, Gennadi M. Strekalov, and Aleksandr A. Serebrov, but it fails to rendezvous with Salyut 7; on June 27 the Soyuz T 9 mission blasts off carrying Vladimir Lyakhov and Aleksandr Alexandrov on a 150-day mission; after 49 days the Soyuz T 10 mission blasts off to relieve them, but the flight is aborted, and the crew escapes safely. On Apr. 20 the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is created; it takes until 1995 for enough donations to come in to open it officially at 1100 Rock and Roll Blvd. in Cleveland, Ohio on the shores of Lake Erie in Cleveland, Ohio (home of disc jockey Alan Freed), designed by I.M. Pei; on Jan. 23, 1986 it inducts its first group of inductees incl. Chuck Berry (1926-2017), James Brown (1933-2006), Ray Charles (1930-2004), Sam Cooke (1931-64), Fats Domino (1928-2017), the Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly (1936-59), Jerry Lee Lewis (1935-), Little Richard (1932-), and Elvis Presley (1935-77); on Jan. 3, 1987 "Queen of Soul" Aretha Louise Franklin (1942-) becomes the first woman inducted; the basic requirement is 25 years lapsed since the release of the first record; too bad, it ends up snubbing Red State favorites incl. Bon Jovi, Steve Miller Band, Kansas, Styx, Stevie Ray Vaughn, and Ted Nugent. On Apr. 21 Jackie Presser (1926-88), a close friend of Ronald Reagan and FBI informant since 1972 becomes pres. of the Teamsters (until 1988), telling the FBI that the Mafia is now supporting him and that he would no longer work for them. On Apr. 22 the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant in Russia shuts down after a fuel rod failure. On Apr. 22 West Germany's Stern mag. pub. an issue with the cover story Hilter's Diary Discovered after paying 9M marks for it; on May 6 the West German interior ministry declares the 61-vol. work to be a hoax despite British historian Hugh Trevor-Roper certifying it as genuine, causing English WWII historian David Irving to crash the press conference on Apr. 25, 1983 to expose the diaries as forgeries, causing HTR's archenemy, British historian A.J.P Taylor to score a V?; too bad, on May 2 when Irving discovers that the diaries don't mention the Holocaust, he flip-flops and declares them genuine, then flops again after stinking himself up - Hitler was dyslexic and could barely sign his name? On Apr. 22 the 55th Academy Awards in Los Angeles are hosted by Walter Matthau, Liza Minnelli, Dudley Moore, and Richard Pryor; the best picture Oscar for 1982 goes to Columbia's (Indo-British Film Productions) Gandhi, along with best actor to Ben Kingsley, and best dir. to Richard Attenborough; best actress goes to Meryl Streep for Sophie's Choice, best supporting actor to Louis Gossett Jr. for An Officer and a Gentleman (which also wins best tune), and best supporting actress to Jessica Lange for Tootsie. On Apr. 25 Soviet leader Yuri V. Andropov invites 11-y.-o. Manchester, Maine schoolgirl Samantha Reed Smith (1972-85) to visit his country after receiving a letter in which she expresses fears about nuclear war; she leaves with her parents on July 7, completes a whirlwind tour of the Soviet Union, and returns home on July 22. On Apr. 25 NASA's Pioneer 10 spacecraft (launched Mar. 3, 1972) crosses Pluto's orbit; on June 13 it becomes the first manmade object to leave the Solar System as it crosses the orbit of Neptune on its way to parts unknown. On Apr. 26 the nonpartisan Nat. Commission on Teaching and America's Future pub. A Nation at Risk, warning that U.S. schools are failing at producing qualified grads, with the soundbyte "The educational foundations of our society are presently being eroded by a rising tide of mediocrity that threatens our very future as a nation", and calling it "unilateral educational disarmament"; on June 30 Pres. Reagan partly blames the civil rights movement and calls for standardized testing. On Apr. 26 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. passes 1.2K for the first time. In Apr. the first Black College Spring Break Festival is held in Atlanta, Ga. On May 1-2 Kenneth Johnson's V debuts on NBC-TV, starring Marc Singer (1948-) as human Mike Donovan, and Jane Badler (1953-) as the chief Visitor in a sci-fi miniseries about the seemingly benign and advanced ET Visitors, who promise the moon then turn out to be reptilians in disguise; it is followed by the 3-part V: The Final Battle in 1984, V the TV Series in 1984-5, and the ABC-series V in 2009-11, starring Brazilian-born Morena Baccarin (1979-) as Visitor Anna. On May 2 a 6.4 earthquake in Coalinga, Calif. injures 47, destroys 800 homes and bldgs., and causes $31M in property damage. On May 3 U.S. bishops denounce the use of nuclear weapons. On May 5 despite reversing the economic crisis and beginning a 16-year boom, the first widespread protests against Chilean pres. #30 (Dec. 17, 1974 - Mar. 11, 1990) Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) and his regime begin in Chile; on May 14 police kill two and arrest 350, followed on May 14 by 1K more arrests during the 10th anniv. of the 1973 Pinochet coup; in Aug. the govt. talks with the opposition and offers concessions; on Sept. 8 the monthly day of protest sees protesters turns violent and demand Pinochet's resignation and a return to civilian rule, and the police kill a dozen and injure or arrest hundreds; middle-class support for Pinochet weakens, with people banging pots and pans to express their dissatisfaction, although he doesn't declare martial law or curfew. On May 14 a classified memo from KGB head Victor Chebrokov to Soviet leader Yuri Andropov carries a request by U.S. Sen. Ted Kennedy via Calif. Dem. sen. John Tunney, complaining about Pres. Ronald Reagan's "belligerence" and "refusal to engage any modification to his politics", asking for any info. about vulnerabilities to use against him during his 1984 reelection campaign. On May 16 NSW, Australia PM Neville Wran resigns over allegations by the Australian Broadcasting Corp. program "Four Corners" that he attempted to influence the magistracy; a commission clears him on July 28. On May 17 pres. (since Nov. 8, 1982) Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo is deposed by charismatic (high-voltage?) Marxist Capt. Thomas Isidore Noel Sankara (1949-87), "the Che Guevara of Africa", who with Libyan help becomes pres. of Upper Volta on Aug. 4 (until Oct. 15, 1987), launching a massive socialeconomic program incl. free vaccination of children, planting 10M trees to halt desertificatin of the Sahel, redistributing lands to peasants, and establishing an ambitious road-rail construction program; on Aug. 4, 1984 he changes Upper Volta's degrading French colonial name to Burkina Faso (Burkinabe) (Burkinabé) ("land of upright men") to break this country of 7M from its white colonial past; after negotiating cooperation agreements with France, he pisses them off by claiming that his underpaid citizens who sweep Paris streets represent reciprocal aid, causing them to cut off nearly all aid - Upper Volta jokes here? On May 19 20K people march in silence to a cemetery in Warsaw, Poland to mourn Grzegorz Przemyk (b. 1964), a teenager who died on May 14 while in police custody. On May 20 (4:30 p.m.) (Fri.) after being personally authorized by Nelson Mandela, a 40k bomb is detonated outside South African Air Force HQ in Church St. in Pretoria, South Africa, killing 19 and injuring 200; in 1985 South African pres. Paul W. Botha offers to free Mandela if he renounces violence, but he refuses. On May 23 NBC-TV airs Happy Birthday, Bob, saluting Bob Hope's 80th birthday, with Pres. Reagan, Lucille Ball, George Burns, and Flip Wilson. On May 24 New York City celebrates the 100th anniv. of the Brooklyn Bridge. On May 25 Naval Lt. Cmdr. Albert Schaufelberger (a SEAL) is killed by four FMLN assassins at Central Am. U. as he arrives to pick up his girlfriend Consuelo Escalante Aguilera, becoming the 1st U.S. military adviser killed in El Salvador since their Oct. 1980 arrival. On May 25 a Nile steamer carrying 627 passengers and crew burns and sinks in Lake Nasser near Aswan, Egypt, killing 48, with 269 passengers missing. On May 26 the 7.7 Sea of Japan Earthquake in N Honshu, Japan generates a tsunami, which kills 104 and injures 325 in Japan and the Oga Peninsula of Korea, damaging 5.5K homes. On May 28 The Clash break up backstage after playing at the US (Unuson) (Unite Us in Song) Festival in Glen Helen Regional Park, San Bernardino, Calif; Joe Strummer continues using the band name until 1986. On May 28-29 the 9th G7 Summit in Williamsburg, Va. calls for arms control et al. In May Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (discovered by the IRAS satellite) comes within 3M mi. of Earth. In May a severe drought hits NE Brazil. On June 1 the sitcom Buffalo Bill debuts on NBC-TV for 26 episodes (until Mar. 19, 1984), starring Dabney Wharton Coleman (1932-) as egotistical talk show host Buffalo Bill Bitinger of WBFL-TV in Buffalo, N.Y., Joanna Cassidy (Joanna Virginia Caskey) (1945-) as his producer Jo-Jo White, and hot 6'0" Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis (1956-) as production asst. Wendy Killian - why do they cancel all the programs TLW likes? On June 3 militant tax protester Gordon Wendell Kahl (b. 1920), wanted in the slayings of two U.S. marshals in N.D. is killed in a gun battle with law enforcement officials in the Ginter farmhouse near Smithville, Ark. On June 5 Sudanese pres. Gaafar Nimeiry imposes Muslim Sharia law in Sudan, and abolishes the S autonomous region of South Sudan, where most are Christian or animist, causing Dinka and Nuer tribesmen to form the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and start the Second Sudanese Civil War (ends 2005) (first in 1955-72), which kills 1.9M, mostly civilians who die of drought and starvation. 5-5-83, Or, Under a Blood Red Sky? On June 5 (Sun.) (eve.) the Irish rock band U2 gives a near-religious performance at Red Rocks Amphitheater outside Denver, Colo. to 4.4K rain-soaked fans, which is later released as U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky, rocketing them to stardom; at the same time 16K fans watch Neil Diamond at McNichols Arena in Denver in his Heartlight tour. On June 8 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Ill. v. Gates to replace the 1964-1969 Aguilar-Spinelli (Underlying Circumstances) Test for probable cause with the Totality of the Circumstances Test when anonymous tipsters are involved. On June 9 PM Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party wins a landslide V in Britain, giving it five more years, pissing-off Labour Party leader Denis Healey, who says the election has "put the people at the mercy of the most reactionary, right-wing, extremist government in British history." On June 15 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in Planned Parenthood Assoc. of Kansas City, Mo. v. Ashcroft and City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health to declare many local abortion restrictions unconstitutional, such as requiring abortions after the first trimester to be performed in a hospital, and "informed consent" by a physician to a patient to tell her that the fetus is a human being from conception and tell her about the consequences of an abortion. On June 15 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Plyler v. Doe that K-12 public schools may not require proof that a student is a legal citizen but only that he/she lives within the district attendance zone; dissenters incl. Burger, Rehnquist, White, and O'Connor; William J. Brennan writes the majority opinion that "Whatever his status under the immigration laws, an alien is surely a person... guaranteed due process of law by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments." On June 15 the U.S. Civil Rights Commission criticizes the Reagan admin. for failing to appoint more women and minorities to high-level federal govt. positions, causing Pres. Reagan to fire all four members, incl. 1980 Carter appointee Mary Frances Berry (1983-), who successfully sues to be reinstated; meanwhile on Nov. 30 Reagan signs a law reconstituting the commission as an independent agency jointly administered by the pres. and Congress, whose eight members don't need Senate confirmation and may only be removed for neglect of duty or malfeasance. On June 15 the historical series The Black Adder debuts on BBC-TV (until Nov. 12, 1989), starring Rowan Sebastian Atkinson (1955-). On June 16 Pope John Paul II visits his native Poland; NBC and ABC provide live coverage, while CBS airs "The Price Is Right" because of budget cuts. On June 16 in Mauritius after an Alliance Party coalition incl. the Labor Party regains power, "Father of the Nation" PM (since Mar. 12, 1968) Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (1900-85) is succeeded by new Militant Socialist Movement Party founder Sir Aneerood Jugnauth (1930-) (until Dec. 22, 1995), who goes on to foster hi-tech projects and an economic miracle. On June 16 treasure hunter Frederick "Cork" Graham (1964-) is caught off the Vietnamese island of Phu Quoc looking for Capt. Kidd's treasure; he is convicted and imprisoned for illegal entry until a $10K fine is paid on May 18, 1984. Ride, Sally, Ride? On June 18 (Sat.) Sally Kristen Ride (1951-) becomes the first U.S. woman in space on the 5-person Space Shuttle Challenger, also carrying Robert L. Crippen, Frederick H. Hauck, John M. Fabian, and Norman E. Thagard; after using the Remote Manipulating Structure (Arm) to deploy and retrieve a satellite for the first time, it returns to Edwards AFB, Calif. on June 24. On June 18 after the new 1982 constitution makes the position largely ceremonial, the Red Chinese parliament elects economics and financial specialist Li Xiannian (1909-92) as pres. #3 of the People's Repub. of China (until Apr. 8, 1988) (first nat. pres. since 1969), going on to become a main architect of China's economic policy and one of the Eight Elders (Immortals) of the Communist Party of China incl. Den Xiaoping, Chen Yun, Peng Zhen, Yang Shangkun, Bo Yibo, Wang Zhen, and Song Renqiong. On June 23 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 7-2 in INS v. Chadha that the 1-house legislative veto violates constitutional separation of powers. On June 24 the head of the Syrian army expels Yasser Arafat from Syria. On June 27 the French announce that they have tested a neutrone bombe. On June 28 the U.S. Senate rejects a proposed anti-abortion amendment to the Constitution by 50-40. On June 28 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Solem v. Helm that life prison sentences without the possibility of parole for "relatively minor criminal conduct" (check kiting) are unconstitutional because they are cruel and unusual - isn't this a little late in coming, fellahs? On June 28 a 100-ft. section of the Mianus River Bridge on I-95 in Greenwich, Conn. collapses, killing three and injuring three. On June 29, 1983 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Mueller v. Allen that a state income tax deduction for parents of school children that incl. private secular and religious schools does not violate the Establishment Clause because it provides for "private choice", funneling money to citizens rather than institutions. On June 30 the Embalse Nuclear Power Plant in Argentina loses its coolant. In June Kaare Willoch forms a new 3-party non-Socialist coalition in Norway, which attempts economic austerity measures (until 1986). In June the U.S. Nat. Meteorological Center receives its first supercomputer; meanwhile the U.S. Summer 1983 Heat Wave sees 100F+ temps in the drought-stricken Corn Belt and Upper Midwest states of Iowa, Mo., Ill., Mich., Wisc., Ind., Ohio, Minn., Neb., and Ky., along with the SE and Mid-Atlantic states; the city of St. Louis, Mo. sets up cooling centers for people without air conditioning. In June the Bluebird Cafe at 4104 Hillsboro Pike in Nashville, Tenn. opens, becoming known for In the Round shows for country songwriters incl. Garth Brooks. On July 1 the Philippsburg Nuclear Power Plant in Germany accidentally releases Iodine-131. On July 1 a North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry, Guinea crashes into the Fouta Djall Mts. in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 aboard. On July 1 the Australian high court blocks construction of the Franklin Dam in Tasmania on the Gordon River. The Hispanic pop. finally outvotes the Irish pop. in Dirty Denver? On July 2 after defeating mayor Bill McNichols, Laredo, Tex.-born Federico Fabian Pena (Peńa) (1947-) becomes mayor #41 of Denver, Colo. (until July 1, 1991), the first Hispanic, going on to help bring the Colorado Rockies ML baseball team to Denver in 1993. On July 5 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules in 6-3 in Marsh v. Chambers before ratification of the First Amendment in 1791; disenting justice William J. Brennan Jr. writes the soundbyte: "If the Court had struck down legislative prayer today, it would likely have stimulated a furious reaction. But it would also, I am convinced, have invigorated both the 'spirit of religion' and the 'spirit of freedom'." On July 5 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Cout rules 7-2 in Jones v. Barnes that an atty. doesn't have to raise every nonfrivolous argument of his client in an appeal, with dissenting Justice William J. Brennan Jr. writing the soundbyte: "I cannot accept the notion that lawyers are one of the punishments a person receives merely for being accused of a crime." On July 10 the Nat. Women's Political Caucus holds a meeting in San Antonio, Tex. with 400 delegates wearing buttons saying "Jane Wyman was right" (to divorce Ronald Reagan), and "I'm a Republican woman and I want my party back". On July 11 an Ecuadorean jetliner crashes on a mountain near Cuenca, Ecuador, killing 119. On July 15 Armenian terrorists explode a bomb at the THY counter at Orly Airport in Paris, killing eight and injuring 60. On July 16 a British Airways Sikorsky S-61 heli crashes and sinks in the English Channel off the Iles of Scilly, killing 20. On July 20-21 the Polish govt. lifts martial law after 19 mo. after writing most of the anti-Solidary rules into the Polish legal code, with Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski uttering the soundbyte "Any attempts anti-Socialist activities will be muzzled no less decisively than before." On July 21 the Soviet Vostok Station in Antarctica records a record low ground level temp of -89.2C (-128.6F) (until ?). On July 22 Wash. state defaults on $2.2B in municipal bonds for two canceled nuclear power plants, becoming the largest govt. bond default in U.S. history (until ?). On July 23 (Black July) after the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers) in N Sri Lanka kill 13 soldiers, causing Sinhalese mobs to attack and kill thousands of Tamils in Colombo in S Sri Landa, bringing a counterattack that massacres 600, the Sri Lankan Civil War begins (ends May 18, 2009). On July 23 Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel and glides to a safe landing in Gimli, Man., Canada. In July Mr. Universe Robert Clark "Bob" Paris (1959-) comes out in Ironman mag., becoming the first male pro athlete to come out as gay while still an active competitor; he appears on the Oprah Winfrey Show with his hubby Rod Jackson to come out, ruining his er, business; they break up after seven years together, then in 1996 Paris meets his new hubby Brian LeFurgey, marrying him in Canada in 2003. On Aug. 1 America West Airlines begins operations out of Phoenix, Ariz. and Las Vegas, Nev. On Aug. 4 Benedetto "Bettino" Craxi (1934-2000) of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) becomes PM #66 of Italy (until Mar. 1987) (first Socialist PM), going on to ride an economic boom to stay in office longer than anyone since Christian Dem. Alcide de Gasperi (1945-54); although it supposedly split off from the Italian Communist Party, it keeps one foot in their camp, allowing its leader Enrico Berlinguer (1922-84) to become his horse whisperer?; too bad, Craxi ends up in exile after a corruption scandal. On Aug. 6 the oil tanker Castillo de Bellver catches fire off Cape Town, South Africa, spilling 78.5M gal. (250K tons) of crude oil into the sea. On Aug. 8 in Guatemala Gen. Efrain Rios Montt is overthrown on the excuse that his govt. is controlled by "religious fanatics", and Gen. Oscar Humberto Mejia Victores (1930-) becomes pres. (until Jan. 14, 1986), increasing the death squad kill rate until pressure from the U.S. causes him to pledge to turn power over to an elected civilian pres. in 1985 - consider the troublemaking voters gone? On Aug. 18 small powerful 115 mph Hurricane Alicia(formed Aug. 15) hits the Tex. coast, killing 21 and causing $3B in damage, becoming the worst Tex. hurricane since Hurricane Carla in 1961; the last hurricane to hit mainland U.S. was Hurricane Allen in Aug. 1980. On Aug. 18 Douglas Edward Crabbe deliberately drives his road train into a motel in Ayers Rock (Uluru), Australia, killing five and injuring 18; he is convicted next Mar. On Aug. 21 ignoring warnings, exiled (since 1980) Philippines opposition leader Benigno S. "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. (b. 1932) is assassinated by soldiers moments after deboarding his plane in Manila; although everbody knows who did it, Ferdinand Marcos establishes an investigating commission in Oct. to uninvestigate himself, claiming an unidentified lone gunman did it and the soldiers shot him, while anti-Marcos rallies rage; meanwhile huge nat. debts come due, causing the peso to be devalued; U.S. Rep. Stephen Joshua Solarz, who left Manila just as Aquino was arriving, returns to Manila and persuades the Reagan admin. to distance itself from Marcos. On Aug. 24 the Philadelphia Arenain Penn. is destroyed by arson. On Aug. 25 hundreds of thousands protest in Montevideo, Uruguay in support of the Interpartidaria, a new alliance calling for a return to democracy and release of political prisoners. On Aug. 25 the U.S. and Soviet sign a grain agreement pledging the Soviets to buy 9M-12M metric tons of U.S. grain a year for the next five years; there is no escape clause in the event of U.S. shortages like in 1975. On Aug. 26 flooding in Bilbao, Spain kills 45 and causes millions of dollars of damage. On Aug. 29 a battle between the Lebanese army and Hezbollah results in mortars and rockets hitting the U.S. Marine compound in the Beirut Airport, killing two Marines and wounding 13, causing Israeli PM (since June 21, 1977) Menachem Begin to announce his intention to resign, which he does on Oct. 10, and Belarus-born Likud Party foreign minister (since 1980) Yitzhak Shamir (Icchak Jeziernicky) (1915-), who directed the negotiations leading to the 1983 agreement with Lebanon becomes Israeli PM #7 (until Sept. 13, 1984). On Aug. 29-30 a riot at the Dick Conner Correctional Center in Hominy, Okla. ends with 700 Nat. Guardsmen and police intervening, with one convict killed, 20 inmates and three guards injured, and 700 chained prisoners taken away, after which on Sept. 4 Gov. George Nigh orders them returned to clean it up. On Aug. 30 U.S. Air Force Col. Guion S. "Guy" Bluford Jr. (1942-) becomes the first African-Am. astronaut to travel in space, blasting off aboard Space Shuttle Challenger Mission STS-8, also carrying Richard H. Truly, Daniel Brandenstein, William Thornton, and Dale Gardner; after launching an Indian weather satellite, it returns on Sept. 5 - a long way from Port Chicago? In Aug. the FBI tracks down the teenie 414s Computer Hacker Group in Milwaukee, Ohio, after they successfully hack into dozens of corporate and military DEC VMS computers at Los Alamos Nat. Lab, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Security Pacific Bank et al., after which comparison with the hit film "WarGames" causes 17-y.-o. ringleader Neal Patrick to become an instant celeb, making appearance on the Phil Donahue Show in Aug., and appearing on the cover of Newsweek on Sept. 5. In Aug. the U.S. Space Shuttle makes its first night launch - abandon the beach, there's guys taking pictures? In Aug. the U.S. has its warmest Aug. on record, at 75.8F (until ?); also the warmest summer, at 74.6F (until ?). KAL drops off the radar screen in Andropovland? On Sept. 1 (3:30 a.m.) Korean Air Lines (KAL) Flight 007 (Boeing 747) en route from New York City via Anchorage to Seoul is shot down over the Sea of Japan (East Sea) near Moneron Island W of Sakhalin Island off Siberia (birthplace of Yul Brynner) by two Soviet Sukhoi SU-15 fighters after it strays off course into Soviet airspace, killing all 269 aboard, incl. 61 Americanskis, incl. U.S. Rep. (D-Ga.) (since 1975) Lawrence Patton "Larry" McDonald (b. 1935) (a physician), and playing into Reagan admin. hands who had been calling the Soviet Union an evil empire, forever stinking up Andropov's name, esp. after the Soviets start out by denying knowledge then claiming it was a deliberate U.S. provocation to test their defenses as a prelude to war, although the U.S. later reveals that it had a recon plane in the vicinity earlier; on Sept. 1 U.S. Sen. (D-Wash.) (since 1941) Henry Martin "Scoop" Jackson (b. 1912) holds a news conference in Everett, Wash. to deplore the incident, then dies of an aortic aneurysm; on Sept. 6 the Soviets finally admit to shooting it down, claiming they didn't know it was a civilian aircraft; on Sept. 25-26 Soviet Lt. Col. Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov (1939-) makes a 5-min. decision that saves the world from nuclear Armageddon when he ignores a false warning of a U.S. missile attack; the Reagan admin. drops its prohibition on civilian use of GPS so that aircraft can better determine their location, although precision is limited to 100m until 2000, when it goes to 20m like the military gets. On Sept. 4 Israeli forces withdraw from Lebanon's C mts. as Christian and Druse militia intensify their fighting. On Sept. 4 six men walk underwater across Sydney Harbor in Australia, going 82.9km in 48 hours. On Sept. 7 'Allo, 'Allo debuts on BBC-TV (until June 9, 1992), starring Gordon Kaye, Carmen Silvera, and Kim Hartman. On Sept. 12 the animated series G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero debuts in syndication for 95 episodes (until Nov. 20, 1986), created by Ron Friedman based on the Hasbro toy line and Marvel Comics series, produced to sell the toys; watch intro. On Sept. 14 a Chinese CAAC Trident 2E collides with a military jet while trying to takeoff in Guilin, China, killing 11 of 100 passengers. On Sept. 16 Webster debuts on ABC-TV for 150 episodes (until Mar. 10, 1989), starring Emmanuel Lewis (1971-) as cute black Gary Coleman lookalike Webster Long, who is adopted by white parents George and Katherine Papadopolis, played by Detroit Lions star (1958-70) Alexander George "Alex" Karras (1935-), and his real-life wife Susan Clark (Nora Golding) (1940-). She's a beautiful girl, no matter if she's black or white or black on white? On Sept. 17 after singing "Happy Days Are Here Again", Vanessa Lynn Williams (1963-) becomes the first African-Am. Miss America; too bad, she has to resign on July 23, 1984 after nude lezzie fun photos of her with a white woman are pub. 6 mo. later in the Sept. 1984 issue of Penthouse mag. (which sells 5.3M copies, the #2 selling issue of a mag. in history, #1 being the Nov. 1972 issue of Playboy at 7.1M); runner-up Suzette Charles (DeGaetano) (1963-) becomes the 2nd African-Am. Miss America, serving a record 7 weeks - a hundred years from now sexual athletics will be a required event? On Sept. 18 the rock group Kiss officially appears in public without makeup for the first time on MTV. On Sept. 19 St. Kitts and Nevis achieve full independence, with Nevis retaining the right to secede. On Sept. 21 U.S. interior secy. (since Jan. 23, 1981) James Gaius Watt (1938-) makes a joke about his coal Advisory commission, calling them "a black, a woman, two Jews and a cripple"; even though he was praising their talents and diversity, the PC opposition hounds him into resigning on Nov. 8, setting the tone of U.S. race politics (until ?); Pres. Reagan then further pisses-off environmentalists by naming his old rancher friend (deputy secy. of state #6 in 1981-2 and nat. security advisor #12 in 1982-3) William Patrick Clark Jr. (1931-) as U.S. interior secy. #44 on Nov. 18 (until Feb. 7, 1985). On Sept. 23 Gulf Air Flight 771 (Boeing 737) crashes during approach to Abu Dhabi Internat. Airport in the UAE after a bomb explodes in the baggage compartment, killing all 105 passengers (mostly Pakistani workers returning home for the Eid al Adha holiday) and seven crew aboard. On Sept. 22 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 537 to admit Saint Kitts and Nevis. On Sept. 23 violence erupts in New Caledonia between native Kanaks and French immigrants, causing the French govt. to withdraw an offer of independence. On Sept. 25 38 IRA prisoners escape from Maze Prison in County Antrim, North Ireland using six handguns, becoming the largest prison escape since WWII, and largest in British history (until ?). On Sept. 26 economically ailing (but partying) Brazil is assured of $11B in credits from the IMF. In Sept. Forbes mag. lists Gordon Peter Getty (1934-), 4th son of J. Paul Getty, Sr. as the richest man in the U.S., with a net worth of $2.2B - 20 years later, that and a dime gets you a cup of coffee from Microsoft? In Sept. U.S. News & World Report pub. its first America's Best Colleges and Universities, ranking them and providing gen. info. on admission and degree programs. On Oct. 2 Neil Gordon Kinnock (1942-) is elected leader of the British Labour Party (until July 18, 1992). On Oct. 7 the dissolution of the Greater London Council is announced. On Oct. 8 the Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum in Japan opens in the art deco mansion of Prince Asaka, 8th son of Prince Kuni, designed in 1932 by French architect Henri Rapin. On Oct. 9 Pres. Chun Doo-hwan of South Korea with his cabinet and other top officials are scheduled to lay a wreath on a monument to Burmese leader Aung San (assassinated on July 19, 1947) at the Martyrs' Mausoleum in Rangoon, Burma (Yangon, Myanmar), when a bomb set by North Korean forces explodes, killing 21 and wounding 47, Hwan arrives late and escapes injury, but 17 South Koreans, incl. the deputy PM, foreign minister Lee Bum Suk, two more cabinet ministers, and the ambassador to Burma are killed, along with two Burmese; Burma suspends diplomatic relations with North Korea, and China reprimands North Korea, refusing to meet or talk with its officials for months. On Oct. 11-16 the Baltimore Orioles (AL) defeat the Philadelphia Phillies (NL) 4-1 to win the Eightieth (80th) "I-95" World Series; the last WS presided over by ML baseball commissioner Bowie Kuhn. On Oct. 12 former Japanese PM (1972-4) and Liberal Dem. Party leader ("the Shadow Shogun") Kakuei Tanaka (1918-93) is convicted of accepting a $2.2M bribe from Lockheed Corp. to persuade All Nippon Airways to use its Tristar jets, causing him to become known as "the Paragon of Postwar Corruption"; he is fined $2.2M and sentenced to four years, and refuses to resign his Diet seat, causing opposition parties to threaten a boycott. That's Grenada, not Granada, or, We'll give you a kick in the ass, that's the American Way? On Oct. 12 in Grenada pro-Cuban Marxists within the govt. (which came to power in a 1979 coup) led by deputy PM Winston Bernard Coard (1945-) overthrows and imprisons PM Maurice Bishop and his supporters at Ft. Rupert (later Ft. George), then assassinate him and 40 others on Oct. 19 after supporters try to break him out, after which gen. Hudson Austin (1938-) seizes power and declares a military curfew, causing Dominican PM (1980-95) Mary Eugenia Charles, a member of the Org. of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) to appeal to the U.S. to intervene, citing ties with Cuba and construction of a 10K-ft. runway that could be used for Cuban and Soviet arms shipments; on Oct. 21 citing the presence of U.S. medical students at St. George's Medical School that need protection, U.S. Pres. Reagan authorizes Operation Urgent Fury, a 10-ship invasion of Grenada, and on Oct. 25 (two days after the Marine Barracks disaster in Lebanon) 6K U.S. and 1K OECS forces, incl. 1.8K U.S. Marines invade the island (the 2nd largest country in the Western hemisphere invading the 2nd smallest), handily defeating the 750 Grenadian troops and 600 Cuban construction workers; 19 Americans, 45 Granadians and 29 Cubans die before resistance ends on Oct. 28; the U.S. vetoes a U.N. Security Council resolution condemning the invasion, while some U.S. allies claim it's a ploy to distract attention from the debacle in Lebanon; Austin and other military officers are sentenced to death in 1986, their sentences later commuted to life in prison; no Medal of Honor awards result from the Grenada action. On Oct. 14 the Nat. Council of Churches releases the Inclusive Language Bible, with new PC language calling God both Father and Mother, or the One, and replacing humanity with humankind, causing the Lutheran and Greek Orthodox Churches to refuse to use it; it becomes a flop. On Oct. 15-Dec. 3 youths demonstrate against racism in France; on Dec. 3 a demonstration in Paris attracts 100K. On Oct. 20 an internat. agreement by the 17th Gen. Conference on Weights and Measures (CPGM) goes into effect defining the meter as the distance that light travels through a vacuum in exctly 1/299,792,458 sec. On Oct. 21 former Zimbabwean pres. (1979-80) Abel Muzorewa visits Israel, urging pres. Robert Mugabe to establish diplomatic relations and claiming that his policies are hurting its agricultural and technological industries, pissing-off Mugabe, who has him arrested on Nov. 1 for conspiring with South Africa; after going on a hunger strike he is released, but gets the message, along with other Mugabe rivals; meanwhile after troops sent by Mugabe allegedly raid his home and kill his driver in an assassination attempt, ex-Zimbabwe leader Joshua Nkomo flees to Botswana then London. On Oct. 22 two handcuffed inmates at the federal prison in Marion, Ill. kill two guards in separate incidents, leading to permanent lockdown and the beginning of the ADX (admin. maximum) prison. On Oct. 22 2M in six Euro cities demonstrate for nuclear disarmament, incl. 180K in Bonn, 100K in Bonn, 350K in Rome, and 1M in London. On Oct. 23 the 1983 Beirut Marine Barracks Bombings sees 241 U.S. servicemen (220 Marines, 18 sailors, and three soldiers) along with 58 French paratroopers, all part of a multi-nat. peacekeeping force massacred in Lebanon by Islamic Jihad and/or Hezbollah terrorists, who crash two trucks laden with 6 tons of explosives into their compounds in Beirut Internat. Airport, causing Pres. Reagan to order the peacekeeping force to be withdrawn; no Medals of Honor are awarded for the U.S. Lebanon action; Hezbollah senior cmdr. Imad Fayez Mughniyah (Mughniyeh) (1962-2008) masterminded the bombing?; Lebanese Shiite Twelver Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah (Fadl-Allah) (1935-2010), the spiritual leader of Hezbollah, who was believed to be behind the attack was targeted by the CIA, but survives a Saudi-funded car bomb assassination attempt in Beirut on Mar. 9, 1985; a polished stone monument to the two Muslim Lebanese youths who drove the trucks is erected in Behesht-e Zahra, the largest cemetery in Iran, with the inscription: "Their names we do not know, but we will continue their path." On Oct. 28 the animated Garfield and Friends debuts on CBS-TV for 121 episodes (until Dec. 17, 1994), featuring Jim Davis' lasagna-loving Orange tabby cartoon cat, voiced by Lorenzo Music (1937-2001), who gets the job of Larry the Crash Test Dummy with the U.S. Dept. of Transportation in 1985-98. On Oct. 30 a 6.9 earthquake in Erzurum, Turkey levels 35+ villages and kills 1,342. On Oct. 30 after the war with Britain bankrupts it and causes high inflation and labor troubles, Argentina holds its first dem. elections after eight years of military rule; on Dec. 10 Argentina returns to civilian rule, with moderate Union Civica Radical leader Raul Ricardo Alfonsin Foulkes (1927-2009) as pres. #49 of Argentina (until July 8, 1989), going on to negotiate loans from the IMF while ending the Argentine Dirty War (begun 1976), which a commission officially admits to having "disappeared" 11K, although some human rights groups claim up to 30K; although he prosecutes some military members for human rights abuses, amnesties for convicted officers are passed, but on June 14, 2005 the supreme court strikes them down, opening 3K officers to potential charges. In Oct. First Lady Nancy Reagan unveils her "Just Say No" anti-drug (esp. marijuana) program focused on white, middle-class kids, and starts next June at an elementary school in Oakland, Calif.; critics call it a ploy to divert attention from her negative image of a rich woman who wears designer dresses. On Nov. 1 a bus collides with a motorcycle, then hits another bus in Yasothon 370 mi. NE of Bangkok, Thailand, killing 21 and injuring 40. On Nov. 2 after opposing it then flopping, Pres. Reagan signs a bill establishing the Martin Luther King Jr. Day federal holiday on the 3rd Monday in Jan. in honor of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68) (born on Jan. 15), beginning in Jan. 1986; most businesses and Wall St. ignore it. On Nov. 2 CEO Lee A. Iacocca drives the first front-wheel drive 4-cylinder Plymouth Voyager (1984 model year) minivan off the assembly line in Windsor, Ont., Canada, causing a family transportation rev. and supplanting the station wagon; the engine is upgraded to V-6 in 1987; it is discontinued after the 2000 model year; the nameplate variant Dodge Caravan is also introduced. On Nov. 2-11 the NATO exercise Able Archer 83 is misinterpreted by some Soviets as a nuclear first strike, becoming the last nuclear scare of the Cold War. On Nov. 3 black Baptist minister and civil rights activist Jesse Louis Jackson Sr. (1941-) announces his candidacy for U.S. pres. On Nov. 4 a suicide truck bomber blows up an Israeli military HQ in Lebanon, killing 60 incl. 28 Israelis. On Nov. 5 the Byford Dolphin diving bell explosively decompresses, killing five divers and injuring one. On Nov. 7 a bomb explodes on the 2nd floor of the U.S. Capitol in protest against U.S. actions in Grenada and Lebanon. On Nov. 8, 1983 Woodrow Wilson Goode Sr. (1938-) is elected the first black mayor of Philadelphia, Penn. (until Jan. 6, 1992). On Nov. 9 Amerstdam beer king (CEO in 1971-89) Alfred Henry "Freddy" Heineken (1923-2002) and his chaffeur are kidnapped by three hooded gunmen and held for three weeks for a ransom of 35M guilders (16M Euros); on Nov. 30 police raid an unguarded warehouse and rescue them; 24 suspects are arrested, all related to each other, and part of the money is recovered. On Nov. 11 Pres. Reagan becomes the first U.S. pres. to address the Japanese Diet, decrying the "folly" of protectionism, and affirming that "Japanese-American friendship is forever", adding "A nuclear war can never be won and must never be fought." Six weeks to go to 1984, let's not take any chances? On Nov. 14 NATO begins deploying ground-based nuclear cruise missiles in Britain at Greenham Common Airbase amid peace protesters; on Nov. 23 the U.S. begins deploying Pershing II nuclear missiles in Germany; in response the Soviets discontinue arms control talks in Geneva, leaving chief negotiator Paul H. Nitze without a job, causing him to move to the U.S. State Dept. next fall to advise state secy. George P. Shultz. On Nov. 15 the Turkish part of Cyprus declares independence. On Nov. 15 the U.S. Congress votes to defeat a bill reviving the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). On Nov. 16 a 6.7 earthquake on Hawaii Island (Big Island) causes heavy property damage and collapses trails in Volcanoes Nat. Park. On Nov. 16 after her NOW rival Shelly Mandel gets her arrested for an old case, a jury in Gretna, La. acquits feminist activist Viginia "Ginny" Foat (1941-) of helping her abusive bartender ex-husband John "Jack" Sidote" murder Argentine businessman tourist Moses Chaiyo in Nev. way back in 1965; after her run for NOW vice-pres. is ruined, she struggles to regain her position and comes out as a lesbian, but never comes all the way back up? On Nov. 17 the Zapatista Army of Nat. Liberation is founded in Chiapas, Mexico to fight for the downtrodden indigenous pop. On Nov. 18 Argentina announces its ability to produce enriched uranium for nuclear weapons. On Nov. 18-19 Aeroflot Flight 6833 (Tu-134A) with 57 passengers and seven crew en route from Tbilisi, Georgian SSR to Leningrad is hijacked by seven young Georgians trying to flee the Soviet Union to Turkey "to have a better life and live in a free society"; Soviet special forces storm the plane, killing eight, incl. a stewardess, leaving 108 bullet holes in the aircraft; after Georgian Communist Party chief Eduard Shevardnadze calls them "bandits" and "drug addicts", the surviving three hijackers are executed, along with their alleged ringleader, Orthodox priest Theodore Chikhladze. On Nov. 20 Nicholas Meyer's The Day After debuts on ABC-TV to an audience of 100M, starring Jason Robards Jr., portraying the U.S. attempting to survive a nuclear attack on Kansas City, after which Carl Sagan debates William F. Buckley, with Sagan arguing against nuclear proliferation and Buckley for nuclear deterrence, and Sagan uttering the soundbyte "two sworn enemies standing waist-deep in gasoline, one with three matches, the other with five". On Nov. 24 15-y.-o. Lynda Mann is raped and strangled in Narborough, England by Colin Pitchfork (1960-), who is sentenced to life in prison in 1988. On Nov. 26 (6:30 GMT) three masked gunmen rob the Brinks Mat warehouse at Heathrow Airport in London of 68K gold bars worth Ł26M; of the 15 robbers, only three are convicted, and most of the gold is never recovered - ask Mr. T? On Nov. 27 Colombian Avianca Airlines Flight 11 (Boeing 747) crashes near Barajas Airport in Madrid, Spain, killing 183. On Nov. 28 STS-9, the first Spacelab mission takes off in Space Shuttle Columbia, carrying astronauts John Young, Brewster Shaw Jr., Robert Parker, Owen Garriott, Byron Lichtenberg, and Ulf Merbold; after they perform astronomical and medical experiments, it returns on Dec. 8. On Nov. 28 new Israeli PM Yitzhak Shamir meets with Pres. Reagan at the White House to discuss ways to strengthen U.S.-Israeli military and economic ties. In Nov. 5-y.-o. Angela Bugay (b. 1978) of Antioch, Ca. is kidnapped in Concord, Calif., and found in a shallow grave a week later; the family's car repair shop mgr. Larry Christopher Graham Sr. (1954-), who dated Angela's mother is later arrested as a suspect, and prosecutors in 1995 receive a court order to draw his blood for DNA evidence to convict him, and he later receives the death sentence. On Dec. 1 "Sewergate" sees Reagan-appointed Repub. EPA official (since Feb. 18, 1982) (former Aerojet exec) Rita Marie Lavelle (1946-) found guilty of perjury for lying about misuse of EPA Superfund money along with irregularities at the Stringfellow Acid Pits hazardous waste site; next Jan. 9 she is sentenced to 6 mo. and a $10K fine, and serves 3 mo. - now there's only how many godzillion feds left to prosecute? On Dec. 4 Jaime Lusinchi (1924-) of the Dem. Action Party wins Venezuela's 6th consecutive free election, and is inaugurated as pres. #57 of Venezuela next Feb. 2 (until Feb. 2, 1989). On Dec. 4 a bus crashes into a utility pole and burns outside Bogota, Colombia, killing 21 and injuring five. On Dec. 4 African-Am. U.S. Navy Lt. Robert O. "Bobby" Goodman is shot down over Lebanon, and captured by the Syrians, and released next Jan. 3 after 30 days after intervention by on Dec. 29 by a party led by Rev. Jesse Jackson that incl. Louis Farrakhan and Rev. Jeremiah Wright, after which Pres. Reagan welcomes him at the White House on Jan. 4, and sends a letter to Syrian pres. Hafez al-Assad calling for cooperation in bringing peace to Lebanon. On Dec. 5 the Internat. Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) is founded in Kathmandu, Nepal to improve life for eight member countries in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan area, incl. Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan. On Dec. 7 an Aviaco DC-9 and an Iberia Airlines B-727 collide in fog on the runway at Madrid Airport, killing 85, incl. Mexican actress Fanny Cano (b. 1944). On Dec. 9 Australian federal treasurer Paul Keating floats the Australian dollar. On Dec. 12 the 1983 Kuwait Bombings see six key foreign and Kuwait installations in Kuwait City attacked in a 90-min. period by radical Shiite members of the Iraqi Islamic Dawa Party to get even for support of Iraq in its war with Iran, incl. the U.S. embassy, the main airport, and a petrochemical plant; after faulty bombs misfire, five are killed, along with one suicide bomber, and 86 injured; if the bombs weren't faulty it might have been the worst terrorist attack in the 20th cent.? - I wonder who coulda done it, I think I'll check my database? On Dec. 13 electrical engineer (founder of the Motherland Party on May 20) Halil Turgut Ozal (Özal)(1927-93) becomes PM #45 of Turkey (until Oct. 31, 1989), going on to privatize many state enterprises. On Dec. 17 (Sat.) (13:21) an IRA bomb outside busy Harrods dept. store in C London kills six, incl. three Christmas shoppers and three police officers as they approach it, and injures 90. On Dec. 17 Alcala 20 Disco in Madrid, Spain catches fire, killing 81. On Dec. 20 after secretly providing arms to Iraq while allowing Israel to sell U.S.-made arms to Iran, U.S. special envoy Donald Rumsfeld meets with Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein in Baghdad, reestablishing diplomatic relations, giving him a letter from Pres. Reagan that declares that for Iraq to be defeated by Iran would be "contrary to United States interests"; he visits again next Mar. to cement relations; on Sept. 19, 2002 the U.S. Congress questions Rumsfield about his first visit. On Dec. 22 hundreds die in an earthquake in NW Guinea. On Dec. 23 Santa Fe Southern Pacific is created by the merger of Santa Fe and Southern Pacific; on July 24, 1986 the Interstate Commerce Commission denies the merger as monopolistic. On Dec. 27 Pres. Reagan publicly takes all responsibility for the lack of security in Beirut that allowed the terrorist suicide mission. On Dec. 27 a propane explosion in Buffalo, N.Y. kills five firefighters and two civilians. On Dec. 27 Pope John Paul II visits his would-be assassin Mehmet Ali Agca in prison, and forgives him. On Dec. 31 after less than four years of civilian rule, Nigerian pres. (since 1979) Alhaji Shehu Shagari is deposed in a military coup led by Fulani Muslim Maj. Gen. Muhammadu Buhari (1942-), who becomes Nigerian pres. #7 (until Aug. 27, 1985), claiming that his coup saved Nigeria from "total collapse", and that "a flawed democracy was worse than no democracy at all"; Nigeria's 2nd Repub. (founded 1979) ends. On Dec. 31 a bomb on a train in Paris kills three and injures 19; another bomb in a train station in Marseille kills two and injures 34. On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes the year at 1,258.64 (vs. 1046.55 at the end of 1982). In Dec. French furniture dealer Segundo Marey is kidnapped from his home in France as a suspected Basque terrorist by Spanish state security, and held hostage for 10 days. Libya sends troops into N Chad in support of ousted leader Goukouni Oueddei, causing France to send troops into S Chad to support Hissene Habre. Prince Bandar bin Sultan bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud (1949-) becomes Saudi ambassador to the U.S. (until 2005). The militant Sunni Muslim Turkish Hezbollah (Party of God) (not related to the one in Lebanon) begins fighting to establish an Islamic state in SE Turkey, becoming a rival of the Kurdish separatist PKK. Sweden's trade balance goes from a deficit of 6B krona in 1982 to a surplus of 11B. Belgium implements an unpopular economic austerity program. There is another bamboo die-off in China's Sechuan (Sichuan) province, threatening the panda pop. The Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) program is launched in the U.S., with kids signing a pledge not to use drugs or join gangs and taking a 10-week course by local law enforcement. U.S. rep. (D-Mass.) (1973-97) Gerry Eastman Studds (1937-2006) admits he likes page boy studs, becoming the first openly gay member of the U.S. Congress. Britain introduces the Ł1 coin - how much does it weigh? The militant fundamentalist Islamic Union in Somalia is formed to defeat the regime (since 1969) of Siad Barre and create an Islamic state. Iraqi-born Sheikh Taha Jabir al-Alwani (1935-) immigrates to the U.S., becoming head of the U.S. Muslim Brotherhood and most senior Muslim cleric in the U.S., going on to compare America to al-Andalus (future beachhead for invasion and takeover) and set up the Fiqh Council of North Am., becoming America's "mufti" and issuing non-binding rulings on Sharia, incl. one that it is permissible for a Muslim to attend a Thanksgiving celebration; he also sets up Cordoba U. in Ashburn, Va., which produces the first Muslim chaplain in the U.S. Marine Corps. Syracuse, N.Y.-born Master Charles Cannon (1945-) founds the Synchronicity Foundation for Modern Spirituality, presenting the Modern Spirituality holistic philosophy that emphasizes experience before concept. Am. economist Colin F. Camerer (1959-) of the U. of Chicago founds Fever Records as an "economic experiment", signing punk groups incl. The Dead Milkmen, Big Black, Get Smart, and Bonemen of Baruma, and becoming part of Enigma Records; later in the 1980s another Fever Records is founded in New York City by Sal Abbatiello, signing rap groups incl. The Cover Girls, Lissette Melendez, and Lil Suzy. The Blue pike, once abundant in Lake Erie and Lake Ontario is declared extinct because of overfishing, along with the Longjaw cisco deepwater whitefish (chub), which fell prey to pollution and the sea lamprey. The drawbridge of Sleeping Beauty's castle in Disneyland is officially lowered for the first time since opening day in 1955 to unveil a redesigned Fantasyland. Canadian-born Peter Jennings (1938-2005) becomes anchor and senior ed. of ABC's World News Tonight, ushering in the era of the lavishly paid, globe-trotting superstar TV news anchor - puffing cigs like a fire engine? Theodore Levitt (1925-2006) of Harvard Business School coins the term "globalization" - didn't Mercator coin it? Colgate trademarks the Tooth Fairy. The $119.5K Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit is unveiled at the Paris Auto Show in Oct., its first new 4-door model since 1965, introducing the retractable Spirit of Ecstasy Mascot; the long wheelbase Silver Spur is also introduced; in 1989 the Silver Spirit is introduced in Frankfurt; it is superseded in 1998 by the Silver Seraph. The Gap acquires the Banana Repub. chain of tropical-themed casual clothing stores (founded 1978). Costco Inc. internat. low-price membership retail chain and wholesale club is founded on Sept. 15 in Seattle, Wash. by James D. "Jim" Sinegal (1936-) et al., cloning the example of the Price Co. in San Diego, Calif. (founded 1976), and becoming the first co. to grow from zero to $3B in sales in less than six years; by 2009 its annual sales are $71B, incl. $1B net profit. WorldCom telecomm co. is founded in Hattiesburg, Miss. as Long Distance Discount Services, going public in 1989, then acquiring MCI in 1998, and changing its name to MCI in 2003 after a bankruptcy; in Jan. 2006 it is acquired by Verizon. The European Psychiatric Assoc. is founded. The Oak Foundation is founded in Chapel Hill, N.C. to support torture victims and single mothers, going on to fund climate change activists incl. Greenpeace, the World Resources Inst., the Environmental Law Inst., World Wildlife Fund, Oil Change Internat. et al. French-born U.S. immigrant Philippe Kahn (1962-) founds Borland Internat. to produce low-priced advanced PC programs, incl. TurboPascal, the first desktop organizer SideKick, Paradox database mgr., and Quattro Pro spreadsheet, and creating the "Borland non-nonsense license agreement" that allows the customer to use its products "just like a box", using only one copy at a time. Am. programmers Richard Allen "Lord British" Garriott (1961-) and Robert K. Garriott (1956-), sons of Skylab astronaut Owen Kay Garriott found computer game co. Origin Systems (OSI), producing the Ultima medieval game series for the Apple II and other PCs; they sell out to Electronic Arts in 1992; in Oct. 12 2008 Richard follows in daddy's footsteps, blasting off as space tourist #6 aboard Soyuz TMA-12 to the Internat. Space Station for $30M for 12 days. Working Title Films is founded in London, England by Tim Bevan and Sarah Radclyffe to produce Am-British TV shows incl. "About a Boy" and "The Tudors", and feature films incl. "My Beautiful Laundrette" (1985), "Wish You Were Here" (1987), "Sammy and Rosie Get Laid" (1987), "The Tall Guy" (1989), "Chicago Joe and the Showgirl" (1990), "Drop Dead Fred" (1991), "Barton Fink" (1991), "Four Weddings and a Funeral" (1994), "The Hudsucker Proxy" (1994), "Dead Man Walking" (1995), "Fargo" (1996), "Bean" (1997), "The Big Lebowski" (1998), "Elizabeth" (1998), "Notting Hill" (1999), "Billy Elliot" (2000), "O Brother, Where Are Thou?" (2000), "40 Days and 40 Nights" (2002), "About a Boy" (2002), "Johnny English" (2003), "Ned Kelly" (2004), "Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason" (2994), "The Interpreter" (2005), "Pride & Prejudice" (2005), "Nanny McPhee" (2006), "United 93" (2006), "Mr. Bean's Holiday" (2007), "Elizabeth: The Golden Age" (2007), "Atonement" (2008), "Burn After Reading" (2008), "Frost/Nixon" (2008), "Rush" (2013), "Theory of Everything" (2014), "Legend" (2015), "The Danish Girl" (2015), and "Bridget Jones's Baby" (2016). Great Chefs of New Orleans airs on PBS-TV, first in the Great Chefs series about Am. chefs, filmed in their kitchens; in the late 1980s it switches to Discovery Channel, which produces Great Chefs of America, and Great Chefs of the World. Wal-Mart opens the first Sam's Club membership retail warehouse club; by 2008 it has 47M members in the U.S. The Harley Operators Group (HOG) is founded, with a 1-year free membership to new owners, ruining it for the real bikers? The Satanic Smurf Craze starts in Puerto Rico, where people claim to see Smurfs hiding in and around their houses dressed as the Devil. African-Am. comedian Eddie Murphy stages Eddie Murphy: Delirious at Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., performing shirtless in red leather pants and matching jacket unzipped to his navel, bringing U.S. comedy to a new level with profanity and impressions of James Brown et al., and riffing on how Michael Jackson "ain't the most masculine fellow in the world". Live! with Kelly Ripa debuts on ABC-TV (until ?), starring Kelly Maria Ripa (1970-); on Sept. 4, 2012 former New York Giants defensive end Michael Anthony Strahan (1971-) becomes co-host (until 2016). McCall's Mar. issue contains its first male centerfold, hunky "Magnum, P.I." star Thomas William "Tom" Selleck (1945-); too bad he has a high-pitched boyish voice, slowing his acting career breakthrough until his late 30s, and turning him into a conservative philosophical actor? The Joy of Painting, starring big-haired Bob Ross (1942-95) debuts on PBS (until 1995), teaching viewers the art of oil painting. The Academic Am. Encyclopedia licenses its content for commercial data networks incl. CompuServe and Prodigy. "Beehive State" Utah finally makes the honeybee its state insect. Diet Squirt brand soft drink becomes the first U.S. soft drink to be sweetened with aspartame. Helsinki, Finland-born Esa-Pekka Salonen (1958-) becomes guest conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, becoming dir. #10 in 1992-2009, going on to make it "the most intellectually lively orchestra in America". The rock band Phish is formed at the U. of Vt. by Ernest Joseph "Trey" Anastasio III (1964-) (guitar), Page Samuel McConnell (1963-) (keyboards), Mike Gordon (1965-) (bass), and John Fishman (1965-) (drums), going on to becoming the #1 U.S. jam band for the too-young-for-Grateful-Dead Set, known for group improvisation; they break up in Aug. 2004, then reunite in 2009 for Phishheads to get a final fix. New York City fashion designer Stephen Sprouse (1953-2004) debuts his 1960s-inspired graffiti-printed Day-Glo bright fashion collection, becoming a big hit. Nerds sour candy is invented by Angelo Fraggos, and awarded Candy of the Year by the Nat. Candy Wholesalers Assoc. (NCWA); it is later acquired by Willy Wonka Candy Co. Sports: On Jan. 3 (Mon.) the Minn. Vikings defeat the Dallas Cowboys 27-31 despite Cowboys RB (#33) (1977-87) Anthony Drew "Tony" Dorsett (1954-) setting a record with a 99-yard TD, breaking the record of 97 yards set by Andy Uram (1939) and Bob Gage (1949); in 1988 after a career total of 12,036 yards, he is traded to the Denver Broncos, adding another 703 yards before retiring. On Feb. 20 the 1983 (25th) Daytona 500 is won by Cale Yarborough (3rd win) on a last-lap pass. On Apr. 1 N.Y. Islanders right winger (1977-87) Michael Dean "Mike" Bossy (1957-) becomes the first NHL player to score 60 goals in three consecutive seasons. On Apr. 4 the U.S. grants asylum to female Chinese tennis star Hu Na (1963-), who defected last July during a tournament in Calif. On Apr. 26-27 the 1983 NFL Draft at the Sheraton Hotel in New York City becomes known as the Year of the Quarterback for the six QBs selected in round 1, incl. John Albert Elway Jr. (1960-) (pick #1) (Stanford U.) (Denver Broncos #7), James Edward "Jim" Kelly (1960-) (pick #14) (U. of Miami.) (Buffalo Bills #12), Charles Carroll "Tony" Eason IV (1959-) (pick #15) (U. of Ill.) (New England Patriots #11), Todd Alan Blackledge (1961-) (pick #17) (Penn State U.) (Kansas City Chiefs #14), Kenneth John "Ken" O'Brien (1960-) (pick #24) (UCD) (New York Jets #7), and Daniel Constantine "Dan" Marino (1961-) (pick #27) (U. of Pittsburgh) (Miami Dolphins #13); Elway balks at being drafted by the loser Baltimore Colts, and gets traded to the Mile-Hi Denver Broncos, saved from bankruptcy in 1984 by Prairie du Chien, Wisc.-born Patrick Dennis "Pat" Bowlen (1944-2019), which proves to be a good decision as he becomes the entire Colo. area's new sports god and wins three Super Bowls. On May 10-17 the 1983 Stanley Cup Finals see the New York Islanders (4th straight Finals appearance) sweep the Edmonton Oilers (first Finals appearance) 4-0, becoming their 4-peat, the first since the Montreal Canadiens in 1976-9; the Oilers score only five goals in four games, and Wayne Gretzky goes scoreless; MVP is 5'10" "Islanders goalie William John "Battlin' Billy" Smith (1950-); "As far as I'm concerned, we're the best hockey team ever to lace on skates" (Islanders team captain Denis Potvin); (first Finals appearance) 4-0, becoming their 4-peat, which no other team duplicates (until ?). On May 13 "Mr. October" Reggie Martinez Jackson (1946-) of the Calif. Angels becomes the first ML baseball player to strike out 2,000x (until ?); he ends his careers with 2,597 strikeouts, followed y Andres Gallaraga (2,003), Alex Rodriguez (2,287), Sammy Sosa (2,306), Adam Dunn (2,379), and Jim Thorne (2,548). On May 22-31 the 1983 NBA Finals sees the "Fo' fi' fo" Philadelphia 76ers (coach Billy Cunningham), incl. Julius Erving, center Moses Malone, Bobby Jones, Maurice Cheeks, and Andrew Toney defeat the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Pat Riley) by 4-0; MVP is Moses Malone of the 76ers; Kareem Abdul-Jabbar of the Lakers (oldest player in the playoffs at 35) showcases his signature skyhook, causing Brent Musburger to call him "The unstoppable one"; during the playoffs against the Milwaukee Bucks, the Philadelphia Inquirer paraphrases the famous John Havlicek call by Johnny Most with the soundbyte: "Bobby Jones stole the ball. It was grand larceny. Bobby Jones stole the ball and robbed the Milwaukee Bucks of a game, turning an almost-sure upset into a 111-109 overtime victory for the 76ers." On May 29 the 1983 (67th) Indianapolis 500 is won by Thomas E. "Tom" "the Gas Man" Sneva (1948-) after Al Unser Sr. and his rookie son Al Unser Jr. appeared to be trying to block him in the final 20 laps. On June 8 Brian R. Lawton (1965-) becomes the first-overall draft pick by the Minn. North Stars, becoming the first h.s. hockey player to be drafted first-overall; too bad, he turns out to be a bust, starting out by having to trade his jersey #98 for #8 after grumbles about comparing himself to #99 Wayne Gretzky. On June 28 the 1983 NBA Draft sees 23 teams select 226 players in 10 rounds; 7'4" Harrisonburg, Va.-born center-forward Ralph Lee Sampson Jr. (1960-) of the U. of Va. is selected #1 over all by the Houston Rockets (#50), becoming rookie of the year, then pairing with Hakeem Olajuwon in 1984 to become known as the Twin Towers; 6'7" New Orleans, La.-born guard-forward Clyde Austin "the Glide" Drexler (1962-) of the U. of Houston (part of the Phi Slama Jama fraternity incl. Hakeem Olajuwon and Larry Micheaux) is selected #14 overall by the Portland Trail Blazers (#22), moving to the Houston Rockets in 1995-8, then becoming coach at the U. of Houston in 1998-2000. On July 22 Dick Smith of Australia completes a solo circumnavigation of the Earth in a heli. On July 24 the Pine Tar Incident (Game) in an AL baseball game between the Kansas City Royals and New York Yankees in Yankee Stadium in New York City sees Royals 3B player (designated hitter) George Howard Brett (1953-) hit a 2-run homer to give his team the lead in the 9th inning with two outs, after which Yankees mgr. Billy Martin notices too much pine tar on his bat and calls in the umps, who agree and call him out, giving the Yankess the win by 4-3, causing the Royals to protest to AL pres. Lee MacPhail, who orders the game to be restarted on Aug. 18, allowing the Royals to win 5-4. On Aug. 6 the first-ever NFL game played in Europe sees the Minn. Vikings defeat the New York Giants 28-10 in Wembly Stadium in London. On Sept. 23 South African boxer Gerald Christian "Gerrie" Coetzee (1955-) KOs Michael Dokes in round 10 in Richfield, Ohio to win the WBA world heavyweight boxing title (until 1984). On Sept. 26 Australia takes the 1983 America's Cup away from the U.S. for the first time since 1851 (132 years) (longest winning streak in sports history) when Australia II defeats Liberty 4-3; the Royal Perth Yacht Club becomes the first outside the U.S. to house it after it is reluctantly surrendered by the New York Yacht Club. On Oct. 4 Richard Noble (1946-) of Scotland sets the land speed record (until 1997) in the Nevada Black Rock Desert of 633.468 mph in his car Thrust2. On Dec. 13 the Detroit Pistons defeat the Denver Nuggets 186-184 in triple OT in the highest combined regular season scoring game in NBA history(370) (until ?); a record four players score over 40 points; Kiki Vandewegh of the Nuggets scores a career high 51 points; the most field goals by two teams (142), most field goals by one team (74), most assists by two teams (93), the most points scored by one team (186), and the most points scored by a losing team (184). Yannick Noah (1960-) of France wins the French Open men's singles title. John McEnroe wins the Wimbledon men's singles title, and Martina Navratilova the women's singles title; Jimmy Connors wins the U.S. Open men's singles title, Martina Navratilova wins the women's singles title. Bobby Jones of the Philadelphia 76ers wins the first NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award, followed by Kevin McHale of the Boston Celtics in 1984-5, and Bill Walton of the Boston Celtics in 1986. Architecture: On Mar. 26 groundbreaking ceremonies are held for the black granite Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., designed by architecture student Maya Ying Lin (1959-), who last May 6 was selected from 1,422 entries; on Nov. 10 it is opened to its first visitors, then dedicated on Nov. 13; it displays the names of all 57,692 (later 58,318) killed or missing. On June 25 the 1,495m girder Banpo Bridge over the Han River in Seoul, South Korea is completed, riding on top of Jamsu Bridge, becoming the first double-deck bridge in South Korea; in Sept. 2009 the Moonlight Rainbow Fountain opens, becoming the world's longest bridge fountain, with a world record 380 10K LED nozzles running along both sides, shooting 190 tons of water/min.to a horizontal distance of 43m. On Sept. 6 the $11M Gerald R. Ford Pres. Museum in Grand Rapids, Mich. is dedicated. The 685-ft.-high 4,150-ft.-long (685m x 1265m) Auburn Dam over the American River near Auburn, Calif. becomes the world's largest thin-arch dam. The Ameritech Bldg. (later AT&T Bldg.) in Cleveland, Ohio is completed. The 37-story Am. Telephone & Telegraph Bldg. at Madison Ave. and 56th St. (550 Madison Ave.) in New York City, designed by Philip Johnson is completed, with an ornamental top that is nicknamed "Chippendale"; in 1987 it becomes the Sony Bldg. The Big Dig (Central Artery Tunnel Project) in Boston, Mass. begins; budgeted at $2.6B, it balloons to $10.8B by 1998, and isn't opened until 2002, and finished in 2007, becoming the butt of jokes about waste and incompetence. The 41-floor $10M IBM Bldg. at Madison Ave. and 57th St. (590 Madison Ave.) in New York City, designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes (1915-2004) is completed. The 200 acre Bangladesh Nat. Assembly Bldg. (Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban) in Dhaka (Dacca) (begun 1961), designed by Louis I. Khan opens on Jan. 28; it lies in a brooding lake; the spelling "Dacca" is dropped for Dhaka. The Fragrant Hills Hotel outside Beijing, China, designed by I.M. Pei opens. The Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (AKA the Humpdome) in Minneapolis, Minn. (begun 1979) opens on Apr. 3 as the home of the NFL Minnesota Vikings and ML baseball Minnesota Twins; it features a fiberglass fabric roof that is self-supported by air pressure. The steel-plastic Stravinsky Fountain near the Centre Pompidou in Paris, France opens, featuring 16 sculptures illustrating the works of composer Igor Stravinsky, designed by Jean Tinguely and Niki de Saint Phalle. The 75-story 1,002-ft. 5-sided Texas Commerce Tower (later JPMorgan Chase Tower) at 600 Travis St. in Houston, Tex. (begun 1978), designed by I.M. Pei opens, becoming the tallest U.S. bldg. W of the Mississippi River (until 1990). On Nov. 30 58-story Trump Tower in Midtown Manhattan, N.Y. at 721 Fifth Ave. opens, becoming the HQ of the Trump Org. and penthouse condominium of Donald Trump; Barbara Res becomes the first female hard-hat boss to oversee construction of a U.S. skyscraper from start to finish, going on July 10, 2013 to pub. the All Alone on the 68th Floor: How One Woman Changed the Face of Construction, praising The Daonald as "the least sexist boss I ever had" in a 2013 memoir; too bad, after he fires her for incompetence, but writes a recommendation letter for law school, and when her legal career tanks, on May 21, 2012 she starts whining to him to give her a job, which he refuses, after which she turns on him during his 2016 pres. campaign, bashing him in a front page NYT article on May 14, 2016 - this magic moment? The 71-story First Interstate Bank Plaza (originally Allied Bank Plaza, later Wells Fargo Plaza) in Houston, Tex., becoming the 2nd tallest bldg. in Tex. after the JPMorgan Chase Tower, and the tallest all-glass bldg. in the Western hemisphere (until ?); it loses a large number of windows to Hurricane Alicia. The 15-story $29M chocolate-and-pink-cake-like Portland Public Service (Municipal Services) Bldg. in Ore., designed by Michael Graves (1934-) opens, at first being admired for its exterior until internal flaws become apparent. The Tokyo Fuji Museum of Modern Art in Japan is founded. The 52-story One United Bank Tower (later Norwest Center), with its cash register crown, designed by Philip Johnson is completed in downtown Denver, Colo. The 33.5-mi. Seikan Tunnel in the Tsugara Strait of Japan opens, becoming the world's longest railroad tunnel (until ?). The Francois de Menil House in East Hampton, Long Island, N.Y., designed by Charles Gwathmey is built for Schlumberger heir Francois de Menil. The Norton House on the boardwalk in Venice, Calif., designed by Am.-educated Canadian architect Frank Owen Gehry (Goldberg) (1929-) is built, with a stairway leading to a living room terrace and 2nd floor living room, resembling a lifeguard stand. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Lech Walesa (1943-) (Poland) (he is not permitted to leave the country, and his wife Danuta accepts it for him); Lit.: Sir William Gerald Golding (1911-93) (U.K.); Physics: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-95) and William Alfred "Willy" Fowler (1911-95) (U.S.) [aging and collapse of stars]; Chem.: Henry Taube (1915-2005) (U.S.) (Canada?) [basic mechanism of chemical reactions]; Medicine: Barbara McClintock (1902-92) (U.S.) [transposons]; Economics: Gerard Debreu (1921-2004) (U.S.) [gen. equilibrium theory]. Inventions: On Jan. 19 Apple Computer introduces the clunky $9,995 Apple Lisa (Local Integrated Software Architecture) home computer with a graphical user interface (GUI) and a 5MB hard drive; it proves a market dud (100K sold), although its mouse-based GUI (graphics user interface) (stolen from the 1981 Xerox Star) becomes the basis of the 1984 Macintosh. On Jan. 26 Lotus Development Corp., founded by Mitchell David "Mitch" Kapor (1950-) and programmer Jonathan Sachs (1947-) releases 1-2-3 spreadsheet software for the IBM PC to compete with Visicalc (1979) and Microsoft Multiplan (1982), featuring integrated charting/graphing and database capabilities (the 1-2-3 part), and becoming the IBM PC's first killer app, its speed coming from being coded in 8086 assembly language; 1-2-3 becomes the first PC software to be advertised on TV; IBM buys the co. in 1995 for $3.5B. On Mar. 5 the IBM PC-XT is introduced, becoming the first PC with a built-in hard drive, initially 10MB; David Bradley invents the ctrl-alt-del system restart key combo. On Sept. 27 the GNU Project is announced on the Internet to coordinate the release of free software source code, allowing a charge for distribution. On Sept. 30 the first 2-seat twin-engine AH-64 Apache attack heli is rolled out by McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Co. in St. Louis, Mo.; it goes into production in Mesa, Ariz. next year.; it can cruise at 145 mph for 3 hours, and carries Hellfire tank-destroyer missiles plus a wicked 30mm chain gun and other nasties. On Dec. 16 Visicorp releases Visicorp Visi On, the first integrated GUI software package for PCs, combining a word processor, spreadsheet, and database, becoming an inspiration for Microsoft Windows. Arthrobot, developed by engineer James McEwen, physician Brian Day (1947-) et al. of the U. of British Columbia becomes the first robot to assist in robot-assisted surgery in Vancouver, Canada. Am. mathematicians Leonard Max Adelman (1945-), Carl Bernard Pomerance (1944-), and Robert Scott Rumely (1952-) of USC pub. the Adelman-Pomerance_Rumely Primality Test, an improved computer test for prime numbers, which is later improved by Henri Cohen and Hendrik Willem Lenstra; in 1994 Adelman uses DNA in a test tube to solve a simple 7-node mathematical problem, making DNA Computers a possibility. Great Britain pioneers carbon-fiber aircraft wings. Biopolbiodegradable polymer plastic is invented by ICJ Agricultural Div. in England. Cambridge Life Sciences in England pioneers biosensors. British inventor Sir James Dyson (1947-) perfects the bagless "G-Force" vacuum cleaner after five years and 5K prototypes, using the principle of filterless cyclonic dirt separation; by 2013 he is worth Ł3B. Japanese ANSA Fone inventor (1954) Kazuo Hashimoto (-1995) invents the digital telephone answering device. Radio Shack introduces the Tandy/Radio TRS-80 Shack Model 100, the first laptop computer, running on four AA batteries, with an 8-row 40-col. LCD display. Nintendo introduces its first home video game console in Japan. Kodak introduces the Kodak Disk Camera, using an 8x11 mm frame, the same as in the Mintolta spy camera. Hal Roach Studios in Calif. pioneers Film Colorization, digitally coloring several Laurel & Hardy features, Frank Capra's "It's a Wonderful Life", and other popular B&W films. Australian-born electrical engineer Ronald Newbold Bracewell (1921-2007) of Stanford U. discovers the Fast Hartley-Bracewell Algorithm that can replace the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Science: Astronomer David Brin pub. the Dark Forest (Jungle) Hypothesis (Theory), that the reason we don't have any evidence of the existence of ETs is that they are silent and hostile. In Jan. a team at CERN in Geneva led by Italian physicist Carlo Rubbia (1934-) detects the charged W and neutral Z bosons, which are believed to carry the weak force causing radioactive decay in the atomic nucleus, and support the electroweak theory, ending a 40-year search; the discovery was made possible by Dutch physicist Simon van der Meer (1925-2011), who invented stochastic cooling; the W-particles are needed to make other particles interact in certain ways to aid the search for the Holy Grail of particles, the top quarks; Rubbia and van der Meer are awarded a quick 1984 Nobel Physics Prize. In Feb. an article in Annals of Internal Medicine claims that patients with surgically-removed small intestines experience Vitamin E deficiency, helping boost the popularity of supplements. In May a team led by Luc Montagnier (1932-) of the Pasteur Inst. in France isolates the HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency) virus; Robert Charles Gallo (1937-) of the U.S. determines that it causes AIDS after Myron Elmer "Max" Essex (1939-) becomes the first to link animal and human retroviruses to immunosuppresive disease and determine that HIV can be transmitted via blood and blood products, identifying the virus surface protein gp120 next year that is later used for blood screening; next Jan. 21 Montagnier pub. the genetic code of HIV-1, and next year Gallo develops a blood test for the virus that causes AIDS, which he calls HTLV-2,then on June 13, 1984 he pub. the genetic code for HTLV-3 (human T-cell leukemia virus type 3); next Aug. 6 the Centers for Disease Control report infecting chimpanzees with HIV, a key step toward developing a vaccine; they call HIV-1 lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) until 1987 when HIV-2 is discovered by the same team; Montagnier wins the 2008 Nobel Med. Prize. In June Canadian physicians Jacques Genest (1919-2018), Marc Cantin (1933-90) et al. of McGill U. identify the hormone produced by the heart that regulates blood pressure; in Aug. it is synthesized by a team led by Ruth F. Nutt of Merck Inst. In July Am. physician John Edmond Buster (1941-) et al. of UCLA perform the first successful Human Embryo Transfer from one woman fertilized by artificial insemination to another (wife of the donor) resulting in a live birth next Feb. 3. In July the Tevatron particle accelerator at Fermilab performs its first run, producing a record 412 Gev by subatomic particle collision. In Sept. Cambridge-educated anthropologist John Hathaway Winslow pub. an article with Alfred Meyer in Science 83 titled The Perpetrator of Piltdown, suggesting Arthur Conan Doyle as the man behind the Piltdown Hoax - elementary my dear Watson jokes here? On Nov. 10 the USDA approves the drug Etoposide for use in treatment of testicular cancer; on Nov. 14 it approves the immunosuppressant Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin) for use in organ transplants. Fernand Daffos becomes the first physician to use fetal blood for diagnosis of fetal disease. Stourbridge-born Dame Kay Elizabeth Davies (nee Partridge) (1951-) of Oxford U. discovers a gene marker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, leading to a test for screening fetuses. Walter Jakob Gehring (1939-) et al. of the U. of Basel discover the Homeobox DNA sequence in genes in vertebrates and arthropods, which directs segmentation. Canadian geneticist James Francis Gusella (1952-) discovers a gene marker for Huntington's Disease. German-born Am. psychologist Ralph Metzner (1936-) coins the term "empathogen" for chemical agents such as MDMA (Ecstasy) that produce feelings of empathy. Lenoir, N.C.-born biochemist Kary Banks Mullis (1944-2019) discovers DNA Amplification, splitting the DNA in a single cell into two strands then starting a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) that creates millions of identical pieces, becoming a breakthrough for genetic research, "virtually dividing biology into two epochs" (New York Times) and winning him a share of the 1993 Nobel Chem. Prize; he goes on to oppose the use of PCR to detect HIV along with Peter Duesberg that began in 1989. British mathematician Howell Peregrine (1938-2007) discovers the Peregrine Soliton, a new nonlinear entity that may explain the formation of rogue waves in hydrodynamics that appear out of nowhere and disappear without a trace, and which becomes the defining object of nonlinear science; it takes until 2010 (3 years after his death) for the first physical example of it to be observed. Jack William Szostak (1952-) of Mass. Gen. Hospital and Andrew W. Murray of Harvard U. create the Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC), the first artificial chromosome. Amgen Inc. of Calif. (founded 1980) discovers the Erythropoietin (EPO) Gene, which promotes the growth of red blood cells, marketing it in 1989 and revolutionizing the treatment of anemia. W. David Pierce et al. pub. an article about Activity-Based Anorexia, caused by periods of pronounced food-related physical activity. The Proceedings of the Nat. Academy of Sciences in May and Seminars in Oncology in Sept. pub. articles linking high rates of stomach cancer in Japan to fish preserved with nitrate-containing crude salt or saltpeter that produce nitrosamines. Ibuprofen, patented in 1961 by Boots Co. receives over-the-counter drug status in the U.K. A Neanderthal skeleton is dug up in Haifa, Israel - maybe he can settle who has the historical claim to it? Nonfiction: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1947-), Giant Steps: The Autobiography of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Mortimer Adler (1902-2001), The Paideia Proposal: An Educational Manifesto; his Paideia (Gr. "upbringing") project to humanize K-12 schools via the Socratic Method; "Educational process in America is either a rather pleasant way of passing time until we are ready to go to work, or a way of getting ready for some occupation, or some combination of the two." Gordon Willard Allport (1897-1967), Becoming: Basic Considerations for a Psychology of Personality; "Each person is an idiom unto himself, an apparent violation of the syntax of the species." Andrew J. Bacevich (1947-), The Pentomic Era: The U.S. Army Between Korea and Vietnam (first book). Jacques Barzun (1907-), A Stroll with William James. Wendell Berry (1934-), Standing by Words (essays); disses modern writers for lack of language skills. Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007), Pakistan: The Gathering Storm. Sissela Bok (1934-), Secrets: On the Ethics of Concealment and Revelation. Erma Bombeck (1927-96), Motherhood: The Second Oldest Profession. Daniel Joseph Boorstin (1914-2004), The Discoverers: A History of Man's Search to Know His World and Himself; a history of Science; how "illusions of knowledge" keep attempts at innovation down. Peter Brazeau (1942-), Parts of a World: Wallace Stevens Remembered. William Bronk (1918-99), Vectors and Smoothable Curves: Collected Essays. Tina Brown (1953-) (ed.), Vanity Fair; a special ed. of the defunct mag. (1937). Zbigniew Brzezinski (1928-), Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Adviser, 1977-1981 (Mar.). Frederick Buechner (1926-), Now and Then: A Memoir of Vocation (autobio.). David Burnham, The Rise of the Computer State. Guillermo Calvo (1941-), Staggered Prices in a Utility-Maximizing Framework (Sept.); proposes the Calvo Staggered Pricing Model as a way to produce price stickiness. David Caute (1936-), Under the Skin: The Death of White Rhodesia. Andrew Cockburn (1947-), The Threat: Inside the Soviet Military Mahcine (first book). William Cronon (1954-), Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (first book); examines the different ways different cultures conceptualize property ownership, claiming that Native Ams. were active in shaping their ecosystems. Constance Cumbey (1944-), The Hidden Dangers of the Rainbow: The New Age Movement and Our Coming Age of Barbarism; the first major evangelical Christian attack on the New Agers, throwing the entire Bible at them and accusing them of having "infiltrated all of Christianity, as well as Judaism", and linking the movement to Nazism, with the soundbyte: "While there are certain superficial similarities among most religions, orthodox Judaism and Christianity stand in direct opposition to every other belief system. It is safe to say, however, that nearly all non-Judeo-Christian religions are extremely similar because, as the Bible indicates, they come from one source, the 'god of this world' - Satan himself." Adi Da (1939-2008), Easy Death: Spiritual Wisdom on the Ultimate Transcending of Death and Everything Else; a "masterpiece" (Elizabeth Kubler-Ross). Joan Didion (1934-2021), Salvador; based on a personal visit; turns it into Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness? G. William Domhoff, Who Rules America Now?; "Systematic evidence suggests there is a social upper-class in the United States that is a ruling class by virtue of its dominant role in the economy and government. It will be shown that this ruling class is socially cohesive, has a basis in the large corporations and banks, plays a major role in shaping the social and political climate, and dominates the federal government through a variety of organizations and methods." Barbara Ehrenreich (1941-), Women in the Global Factory; The Hearts of Men: American Dreams and the Flight from Commitment. Joseph Epstein (1937-), The Middle of My Tether: Familiar Essays. John Ferguson, Philip Noel-Baker: The Man and His Message; British 1959 Nobel Peace Prize winner Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker (1889-1982). Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), Olaf Stapledon [1886-1950]: A Man Divided. Robert Finch (1943-), The Primal Place; the discovery of Cape Cod. Helen E. Fisher (1945-), The Sex Contract: The Evolution of Human Behavior (Jan.). Noel Riley Fitch (1937-), Sylvia Beach and the Lost Generation: A History of Literary Paris in the Twenties and Thirties. Eric Foner (1943-), Nothing But Freedom: Emancipation and Its Legacy. Dian Fossey (1932-85), Gorillas in the Mist: A Remarkable Woman's Thirteen-Year Adventure in the African Rain Forest with the Greatest of the Great Apes. Derek Freeman (1916-2001), Margaret Mead in Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth; questions the veracity of her 1928 hit book "Coming of Age in Samoa", esp. the part about free adolescent sexuality, igniting a firestorm of controversy. Jo Freeman (1945-) (ed.), Social Movements of the Sixties and Seventies. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), Grunch of Giants; Inventions: The Patented Works of R. Buckminster Fuller. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983) and Anwar Dil, Humans in Universe (Jan.). Paul Fussell Jr. (1924-2012), Class: A Guide Through the American Status System. Nicholas Gage (1939-), Eleni (autobio.); his home village of Lia, Greece on Aug. 28, 1948, where his mother Eleni Gatzoyiannis (b. 1907) tries to escape with him and his three sisters from the Commies and ends up tortured and executed; Ronald Reagan in 1987 calls it an inspiration for his arms race negotiations with the Soviet Union. Howard Earl Gardner (1943-), Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences; disputes the g-factor theory with his Theory of Multiple Intelligences; "If we synthesise information from several disciplines, ranging from anthropology to brain study, it emerges that human beings are better described as having several relatively independent information processing capacities, which I call the 'multiple intelligences'." John Gardner (1933-82), On Becoming a Novelist; "For a true novel there is generally no substitute for slow, slow baking"; "A psychological wound is helpful". Mark Girouard (1931-), Robert Smythson and the Elizabethan Country HouseThe Russian Threat: Myths and Realities. William Goldman (1931-), Adventures in the Screen Trade: A Personal View of Hollywood and Screenwriting (autobio.); the screenwriter of hits incl. "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid", "The Stepford Wives", "Marathon Man", and "Misery" speaks, with the ultimate wisdom about Hollywood execs; "Nobody knows anything". Jane Goodall (1934-), In the Shadow of Man (autobio.). Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002), Hen's Teeth and Horse's Toes: Further Reflections in Natural History (essays). Winston Graham (1908-2003), Poldark's Cornwall. Antoni Gronowicz, God's Broker: The Life of Pope John Paul II; controversial. Winston Groom (1944-) and Duncan Spencer, Conversations With the Enemy: The Story of PFC Robert Garwood; alleged Vietnam War turncoat Robert Garwood (1946-). William Hancett (1922-), The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies: Being an Account of the Hatred Felt by Many Americans for President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and the First Complete Examination and Refutation of the Many Theories, Hypotheses, and Speculations Put Forward since 1865.... Victor Davis Hanson (1953-), Warfare and Agriculture in Classical Greece; rev. in 1998. Elizabeth Hardwick (1916-2007), Bartleby in Manhattan and Other Essays. Louis Rudolph Harlan (1922-2010), Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1905-1915 (Pulitzer Prize); vol. 2 of 2 (1972). Andrew Harvey (1952-), A Journey in Ladakh: Encounters with Buddhism. Stephen W. Hawking (1942-2018) (ed.), The Very Early Universe. Steven Hahn (1951-), The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the George Upcountry, 1850-1890; claims that Southern yeoman were mainly non-capitalism, and were undermined by commercialization of agriculture after the U.S. Civil War. Robert Heilbroner (1919-2005) and Lester C. Thurow (1938-), Economics Explained: Everything You Need to Know About How the Economy Works and Where It's Going. Carolyn Heilbrun (1926-2003) (ed.), The Representation of Women in Fiction. Seymour Myron Hersh (1937-), The Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House; portrays him as ambitious, conniving, and devious. Charles Higham (1931-2012), Trading with the Enemy: An Expose of the Nazi-American Money-Plot 1933-1949; "But the heartbreaking truth is that a number of financial and industrial figures of World War II and several members of the government served the cause of money before the cause of patriotism. While aiding the United States' war effort, they also aided Nazi Germany's." Howard Hillman, The Gourmet Guide to Beer (Nov. 1); introduces readers to home brewing. Sidney Hook (1902-89), Marxism and Beyond. A.E. Hotchner (1920-), Papa Hemingway: The Ecstasy and Sorrow. Walter Seff Isaacson, Pro and Con. Lewis Hyde (1945-), The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World; claims that creativity and art should be based on a gift economy not a market economy. Susan Jacoby (1945-), Wild Justice: The Evolution of Revenge. Joyce Johnson (1935-), Minor Characters: A Young Woman's Coming-of-Age in the Beat Orbit of Jack Kerouac (autobio.); a view of the Beatniks by Jack Kerouac's 2-year love bunny; "Feminists deplore the way Kerouac depicts totally irresponsible sexual relationships with women... they find nothing that speaks to female readers." Paul Johnson (1928-2023), Modern Times: The World from the Twenties to the Eighties; #11 on the Nat. Review list of best nonfiction books of the 20th cent, one of the top ten books that changed North America, described as a book that has "influenced intellectual thinking on a profound level", launching his career as a conservative viewpoint historian. Fred Kaplan, The Wizards of Armageddon; Herman Kahn (1922-83), The Coming Boom: Economic, Political and Social; praises the political agenda of Ronald Reagan, and maintains his view that a nuclear war is winnable. Ryszard Kapuscinski (1932-2007), Imperium; the rise and fall of the Soviet Union. Stanley Abram Karnow (1925-2013), Vietnam: A History; features interviews with North Vietnamese military leaders. Hugh Kenner, A Colder Eye: The Modern Irish Writers. Annette Kolodny, Dancing Through the Minefield: Theory, Method, and Politics in Feminist Literary Criticism. Irving Kristol (1920-2009), Reflections of a Neoconservative. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross (1926-2004), On Children and Death. David S. Landes (1924-2013), Revolution in Time: Clocks and the Making of the Modern World; becomes a std. work. Victor Lasky (1918-90), Never Complain Never Explain: The Story of Henry Ford II. Mary Leakey (1913-96), Africa's Vanishing Art: The Rock Paintings of Tanzania. Richard Leakey (1944-), One Life (autobio.); how the donation of a kidney by his brother Philip Leakey gave him a "second life". Timothy Leary (1920-96), Flashbacks (autobio.). Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009), The View from Afar. James Lovelock (1919-) and Michael Allaby, Great Extinction. Peter Maas (1929-2001), Marie: A True Story; Ten. Parole Board head Marie Ragghianti and her fight against Gov. Ray Blanton and his corruption; filmed in 1985 starring Sissy Spacek. Shirley MacLaine (1934-), Out on a Limb (autobio.); NYT bestseller about her past lives and beaus David Manning and Gerry Stamford, popularizing the New Age Movement. Archibald MacLeish, Letters, 1907-1982. William Manchester (1922-2004), One Brief Shining Moment: Remembering Kennedy; The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill, Vol. I: Visions of Glory, 1874-1932. Manning Marable (1950-2011), How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America. Peter Matthiessen (1927-), In the Spirit of Crazy Horse; the case of Leonard Peltier (1944-); gets him sued for libel. Rollo May (1909-94), The Discovery of Being: Writings in Existential Psychology. Joe McGinniss (1942-), Fatal Vision; the Jeffey MacDonald case. John McPhee (1931-), In Suspect Terrain; Annals of the Former World, vol. 2. Shepherd Mead (1914-94), Tennessee Williams: An Intimate Biography. Rigoberta Menchu (1959-), I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala (autobio.). John Michell (1933-2009), The New View Over Atlantis; rev. of 1969 work on Ley Lines. George Mikes (1912-87), Arthur Koestler: The Story of a Friendship. Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), Threshold to Tomorrow. Richard Ward Morris (1939-2003), Dismantling the Universe: The Nature of Scientific Discovery. Wright Morris, Solo: An American Dreamer in Europe. Morrissey (1959-), James Dean Is Not Dead (July 15). Roger Myerson (1951-) and Mark Satterthwaite, Efficient Mechanisms for Bilateral Trading (Apr.); proposes the Myerson-Satterthwaite Theorem, which states that there is no efficient way for two parties to trade a good when they each have secret and probabilistically varying valuations for it without the risk of forcing one party to trade at a loss. P.J. O'Rourke (1947-), Modern Manners: An Etiquette Book for Rude People; "Don't wear a tweed jacket to work unless you expect to flush a covey of quail from behind the Xerox machine." Leonard Orr and Sondra Ray, Rebirthing in the New Age; explains their Rebirthing-Breathwork System. David M. Oshinsky (1944-), A Conspiracy So Immense: The World of Joe McCarthy. Cynthia Ozick (1928-), Art and Ardor (essays) (Apr. 12); how to remain religious (Jewish) and be a modern writer. Vance Packard (1914-96), Our Endangered Children: Growing Up in a Changing World; materialistic Americans are dooming their children? M. Scott Peck (1936-2005), The People of the Lie: The Hope for Healing Human Evil; Christian pshrink claims evil is about malignant narcissism; "The evil always hide their motives with lies"; "Malignant narcissism is characterized by an unsubmitted will. All adults who are mentally healthy submit themselves one way or another to something higher than themselves, be it God or truth or love or some other ideal. They do what God wants them to do rather than what they would desire. 'Thy will, not mine, be done', the God-submitted person says. They believe in what is true rather than what they would like to be true... Not so the evil, however. In the conflict between their guilt and their will, it is the guilt that must go and the will that must win"; "Evil needs victims to sacrifice to its narcissism"; "To name something correctly gives us a certain amount of power over it"; "I have learned nothing in twenty years that would suggest that evil people can be rapidly influenced by any means other than raw power. They do not respond, at least in the short run, to either gentle kindness of any form of spiritual persuasion with which I am familiar." Walker Percy (1916-90), Lost in the Cosmos: The Last Self-Help Book (essays); argues for a renewal of religion to save humanity from godless secular existentialism. Francis Edwards Peters, Jerusalem: Holy City/Holy Places. Daniel Pipes (1949-), In the Path of God: Islam and Political Power; Islam's "medieval synthesis" that toned down Sharia. Roy Porter (1946-2002), The History of Medicine: Past, Present and Future; Nicholas Venette: Conjugal Love. Carroll Quigley (1910-77), Weapon Systems and Political Stability: A History (posth.); claims that only societies where the best weapons are available to the masses can enjoy democracy. Diane Ravitch (1938-), Schools in Cities: Consensus and Conflict in American Educational History. Joan Robinson (1903-83), The Arms Race. Nathan Rosenberg (1927-), Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics; emphasizes investment in human capital, science, technology, and innovation in economic growth, launching Endogenous Growth Theory, which emphasizes economic growth from the inside not outside and tries to uncover the choices that cause the residual growth rate to vary across countries. Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), The Mystery of Banking. Joanna Russ (1937-2011), How to Suppress Women's Writing. Edward Wadie Said (1935-2003), The World, the Text, and the Critic (esays); argues for lit. criticism to engage in "antithetical thinking". Harrison Evans Salisbury (1908-93), A Journey For Our Times (autobio.); China: 100 Years of Revolution. Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), Enfance (Childhood) (autobio.). Arthur Schlesinger Jr. (1917-2007), Almanac of American History; rev. ed. 2004. Terence Sheehy, Ireland and Her People. David Karr Shipler, Russia: Broken Idols, Solemn Dreams. B.F. Skinner (1904-90), Enjoy Old Age: A Program of Self-Management; A Matter of Consequences: Part Three of an Autobiography. Ada "Bricktop" Smith (1894-1984) and James Haskins, Bricktop by Bricktop (autobio.). Barbara Smith (1946-), Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. Thomas Sowell (1930-), The Economics and Politics of Race. Pat Stacy (1941–1995), Duke: A Love Story; John Wayne's last love. Wallace Stegner (1909-83), Conversations with Wallace Stegner on Western History and Literature. Gloria Steinem (1934-), Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions (essays). William Stevenson (1925-), Intrepid's Last Case; sequel to "A Man Called Intrepid" (1976). Keith Thomas (1933-), Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England, 1500-1800; revolutionizes the study of the 16th and early 17th cents.; "New sensibilities arose toward animals, plants, and landscape. The relationship of man to other species was redefined; and his right to exploit those species for his own advantage was sharply challenged." Lewis Thomas (1913-93), Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler's Ninth Symphony; The Youngest Science: Notes of a Medicine-Watcher. Lester Thurow (1938-), Dangerous Currents: The State of Economics; takes pokes at microeconomics, claiming that the profession of economics is becoming a guild, and those who still believe in the conventional supply-demand model of the economy are like Flat Earthers. Alvin Toffler (1928-), Previews and Premises. Calvin Trillin (1935-), Third Helpings. Adam Bruno Ulam (1922-2000), Dangerous Relations: The Soviet Union in World Politics: 1970-1982. Chiyo Uno (1897-1996), I Will Go On Living (autobio.). John Updike (1932-2009), Hugging the Shore: Essays in Criticism. Immanuel Velikovsky (1895-1979), Stargazers and Gravediggers: Memoirs to Worlds in Collision; the academic war against his 1950 work. Nicholas Wade (1942-) and William J. Broad (1951-), Betrayers of the Truth: Fraud and Deceit in the Halls of Science; "Our conclusion, in brief, is that science bears little resemblance to its conventional portrait. We believe that the logical structure discernible in scientific knowledge says nothing about the process by which the structure was built or the mentality of the builders. In the acquisition of knowledge, scientists are not guided by logic and objectivity alone, but also by such nonrational factors as rhetoric, propaganda, and personal prejudice. Scientists do not depend solely on rational thought, and have no monopoly on it." Alice Walker (1944-), In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose. Michael Walzer (1935-), Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality; people aren't really equal, so a "complex" equality must evolve?; proposes the theory of Womanism, defining the term "womanist" as "A black feminist or feminist of color. From the black folk expression of mother to female children and also a woman who loves other women, sexually and/or nonsexually. Appreciates and prefers women's culture. Committed to survival and wholeness of entire people, male and female." William W. Warner (1920-), Distant Water: The Fate of the North Atlantic Fisherman. Stuart Wilde (1946-), Miracles. Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), Towards 2000; Cobbett; Writing in Society. Garry Wills (1934-), Lead Time: A Journalist's Education (essays). Edmund Wilson (1895-1972), The Forties: From Notebooks and Diaries of the Period. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Prometheus Rising; "how to get from here to there"; "owner's manual for the human brain". Oded Yinon, A Strategy for Israel in the 1980s; pub. by a senior Israeli foreign advisor; anti-Zionist prof. Israel Shahak later retitles it "The Zionist Plan for the Middle East"; key points are that Israel must dominate its region, become a world power, and keep Arab nations divided and Balkanized; Israel should have given Jordan to the Palestinians after the Six-Day War in order to rid itself of them, and made a mistake by making peace with Egypt, which should be invaded to take the Sinai Peninsula and create a Christian Coptic state in Upper Egypt along with a number of fractured Muslim states; Lebanon and Syria should be divided into Marionite Christian, Shiite Alawi, Druze, and Sunni states, while Iraq should be targeted for its oil, the net result being that all these states can be made to rely on Israel for their security, while it resettles so-called Palestinians in Arab territories to clear Israel for Jews; with enough U.S. support, they might have pulled it off even while the Soviet Union existed, making it all the more ready to take on horrible Iran and Turkey, but the plan ends up being mainly used for anti-Israeli propaganda by Palestinians and their allies after a series of fence-sitting or pro-Palestinian-leaning U.S. presidents want to contract Israel to a "small and friendly state" on Henry Kissinger's advice, under the misguided assumption that the U.S. can militarily shield it? Music: 10cc, Windows in the Jungle (album #9) (Oct.); last original album for 9 years; incl. 24 Hours, Feel the Love (Oomachasaooma). AC/DC, Flick of the Switch (album #9) (Aug. 15) (#15 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); incl. Flick of the Switch, Nervous Shakedown, Guns for Hire. Bryan Adams (1959-), Cuts Like a Knife (album #3) (Jan. 18); incl. Cuts Like a Knife, Straight from the Heart, This Time. Adam Ant (1954-), Strip (album) (Nov.); incl. Strip. America, Your Move (album #11) (June 3); incl. The Border (last U.S. top 40 hit). Asia, Alpha (album #2) (July 26); last with all four original members; incl. Don't Cry (#10 in the U.S.), The Heat Goes On. The B-52's, Whammy! (album #3) (Apr. 27) (#29 in the U.S., #33 in the U.K.); incl. Whammy Kiss, Legal Tender. Anita Baker (1958-), The Songstress (album) (debut) (June); incl. Angel. The Spandau Ballet, True (album #3) (Mar.) (#19 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. True (#4 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.), Gold (#27 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.), Communication (#59 in the U.S.), Pleasure. David James Ball (1959-), In Strict Tempo (solo debut); incl. Strict Tempo. Bananarama, Deep Sea Skiving (album) (debut) (Mar.) (#7 in the U.K.); from London, England, incl. Siobhan Fahey (1958-), Keren Woodward (1961-), and Sara Dallin (1961-); incl. Shy Boy, Really Saying Something. Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) and the Banshees, Dear Prudence (by John Lennon and Paul McCartney) (Sept. 23) (#3 in the U.K.). Toni Basil (1943-), Toni Basil (album #2); incl. Over My Head. Bauhaus, Burning from the Inside (album #4) (July); incl. She's in Parties. Pat Benatar (1953-), Live from Earth (album); incl. Love is a Battlefield, Lipstick Lies. Moody Blues, The Present (album #11) (Aug. 28); incl. Blue World, Sitting at the Wheel, Running Water. David Bowie (1947-2016), Let's Dance (album) (Apr. 14) (#4 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. Let's Dance (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (featuring guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan, rocketing his career), China Girl (#2 in the U.K.), Modern Love (#2 in the U.K.). Billy Bragg (1957-), Life's A Riot with Spy Vs. Spy (album) (debut) (May) (#30 in the U.K.); incl. To Have and To Have Not, The Milkman of Human Kindness, A New England. Laura Branigan (1952-2004), Branigan 2 (album #2) (Mar.); incl. Solitaire (co-written by Diane Warren), How Am I Supposed to Live Without You (co-written by Michael Bolton), Don't Show Your Love, Deep in the Dark. Teresa Brewer (1931-2007), The Songs of Bessie Smith (album). Jackson Browne (1948-), Lawyers in Love (album #7) (Aug. 2) (#8 in the U.S.); incl. Lawyers in Love, Tender Is the Night, For a Rocker. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), One Particular Harbour (album #13) (Sept.). Echo and the Bunnymen, Porcupine (album #3) (Feb. 4) (#137 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. The Back of Love, The Cutter; Never Stop (July 8) (#15 in the U.K.). The Carpenters, Voice of the Heart (album #10); incl. Now (Karen Carpenter's last recording, made in Apr. 1982). Kim Carnes (1945-), Cafe Racers (album #8). Stray Cats, Rant n' Rave with the Stray Cats (album #3) (last album until ?); incl. (She's) Sexy and 17 (#5 in the U.S.), I Won't Stand in Your Way. Soft Cell, The Art of Falling Apart (album #3) (Jan.) (#5 in the U.K.). Chic, Believer (album #7) Rita Coolidge (1945-), All Time High; from "Octopussy"; Never Let You Go (album #8). Culture Club, Colour by Numbers (album #2) (Oct.); sells 10M copies; incl. Church of the Poison Mind, Karma Chameleon, Miss Me Blind, It's a Miracle, Victims. Elvis Costello (1954-), Punch the Clock (#8) (Aug. 5); incl. Everyday I Write the Book. The Cramps, Smell of Female (album); recorded on Feb. 25-26, 1983 at the Peppermint Lounge in New York City; Off the Bone (album). Robert Cray (1953-), Bad Influence (album #2); incl. Bad Influence, Phone Booth (his signature song). Motley Crue, Shout At the Devil (album #2) (Sept. 26) (#17 in the U.S.); incl. Blue Oyster Cult, The Revolution by Night (album #10); incl. Shooting Shark. Seona Dancing, More to Lose (AKA Fade by Medium, or Medium by Fade); Bitter Heart; Ricky Gervais (1961-), Bill Macrae. Doobie Brothers, Farewell Tour (album) (June); next album in 1989. John Denver (1943-97), It's About Time (album) (Nov. 15). John Denver (1943-97) and the Muppets, Rocky Mountain Holiday (album). Devo, Theme from Doctor Detroit (album); incl. Theme from Doctor Detroit. Dio, Dio (album) (debut) (May 25) (#56 in the U.S., #13 in the U.K.); cover depicts the band's demon mascot Murray killing a priest; from Portsmouth, N.H., incl. vocalist Ronnie James Dio (Ronald James Padavona) (1942-2010) and drummer Vincent "Vincent" Appice (1957-) of Black Sabbath; incl. Holy Diver (#40 in the U.S.), Rainbow in the Dark. Divinyls, Desperate (album) (debut); from Australia, incl. Christine Joy "Chrissy" Amphlett (1959-) and Mark McEntee (1961-); incl. Boys in Town, Science Fiction, Siren (Never Let You Go). Dokken, Breaking the Chains (album) (debut) (Sept. 18) (#136 in the U.S.); from LA, incl. Donald Maynard "Don" Dokken (1953-) (vocals), George Lynch (1954-) (guitar), Juan Croucier (1959-) (bass), and "Wild" Mick Brown/ (1956-)/Jeff Pilson (1959-) (drums); incl. Breaking the Chains. Doors, Alive, She Cried (album) (Oct.); title is taken from the song "When the Music's Over"; incl. Gloria. Husker Du (Hüsker Dü), Everything Falls Apart (album) (debut); Danish for "Do you remember?"; formed in 1979; from St. Paul, Minn., incl. Robert Arthur "Bob" Mould (1960-) (guitar), Gregory James "Greg" Norton (1959-) (bass), and Grantzberg Vernon "Grant" Hart (1961-) (drums); incl. Everything Falls Apart; Metal Circus (EP) (Oct.); incl. Diane. Duran Duran, Seven and the Ragged Tiger (album #3) (Nov. 21); incl. The Reflex, New Moon on Monday, Union of the Snake. Bob Dylan (1941-), Infidels (album #22) (Oct. 27); returns to secular music; incl. Jokerman. Alton Ellis (1938-2008), A New Day (album); incl. Daydreaming. Brian Eno (1948-), Apollo: Atmospheres and Soundtracks (album); incl. Deep Blue Day, An Ending (Ascent). Europe, Europe (album) (debut) (Feb. 24); original name Force; from Sweden, incl. Joey Tempest (Rolf Magnus Joakim Larsson) (1963-) (vocals), John Norum (1964-) (guitar), Peter Olsson (bass), and Tony Reno (Niemisto) (1963-) (drums); incl. Seven Doors Hotel. Eurythmics, Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This) (album #2) (Jan. 21); incl. Love Is a Stranger, Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This); her short orange hair, male suit, cold stare and riding crop in the video make her and her alto voice a star; Touch (album #3) (Nov. 26); incl. Who's That Girl?, Right By Your Side, Here Comes the Rain Again. Marianne Faithfull (1946-), A Child's Adventure (album) (Mar.); incl. Running for Our Lives. Tears For Fears, The Hurting (album) (debut) (Mar. 7) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Mad World, Pale Shelter, Suffer the Children, Change. Violent Femmes, Violent Femmes (album) (debut) (Apr.); from Milwaukee, Wisc., incl. Gordon Gano (1963-) (vocals, guitar), Brian Ritchie (1960-) (bass), and Victor DeLorenzo (1954-)/Guy Hoffman (1954-) (drums); incl. Blister in the Sun (#76 in the U.S.) (used in the 1997 film "Grosse Pointe Blank"), Add It Up, Kiss Off, Gone Daddy Gone, Please Do Not Go. Earth, Wind, and Fire, Powerlight (album #12) (Feb. 7) (#12 in the U.S.); incl. Fall in Love with Me (#17 in the U.S.); Electric Universe (album #13) (Nov.) (#40 in the U.S.); incl. Magnetic. Pink Floyd, The Final Cut (album #10) (Mar. 21); incl. The Final Cut, Two Suns in the Sunset. Foghat, Zig-Zag Walk (album #12); incl. Zig-Zag Walk. Gang of Four, Hard (album #4). Kenny G (1956-), G Force (album #2); incl. G Force. Kool and the Gang, In the Heart (album #17) (Nov. 21); incl. Joanna (#2 in the U.S. and U.K.). Genesis, Genesis (Gold Shapes) (album #12) (Oct. 3) (#9 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (4M copies in the U.S.); incl. Mama (#4 in the U.K.), That's All (#10 in the U.S.). Eddy Grant (1948-), Electric Avenue. Nina Hagen (1955-), Angstlos (Fearless) (album #4); incl. Zarah (#45 in the U.S.) (cover of the Zarah Leander song "Ich Weiss, es Wird Einmal ein Wunder Gescheh'n), New York New York (cover of the Frank Sinatra hit) (#9 in the U.S.). Merle Haggard (1937-2016), That's the Way Love Goes. Merle Haggard and Willie Nelson (1933-), Pancho and Lefty. Lani Hall (1945-), Never Say Never Again Theme. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Future Shock (album #35) (Aug.) (1M copies); incl. Rockit (#71 in the U.S.). Emmylou Harris (1947-), White Shoes (album); incl. In My Dreams, Pledging My Love. Talking Heads, Speaking in Tongues (album #5) (May 31) (#15 in the U.S., #21 in the U.K.); incl. Burning Down the House (#9 in the U.S.). Heart, Passionworks (album #8) (Aug. 20) (#39 in the U.S.); incl. How Can I Refuse? Uriah Heep, Head First (album #15) (May). Hans Werner Henze (1926-), The English Cat (opera) (Stuttgart Opera) (June 2). Mary Hopkin (1950-), The Sparrow. Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 52 ("Journey to Vega"), Op. 372. Janis Ian (1951-), Uncle Wonderful (album). Billy Idol (1955-), Rebel Yell (album #2) (Nov. 10); incl. Rebel Yell, Eyes Without a Face, Flesh for Fantasy. Public Image Ltd., Live in Tokyo (#28 in the U.K.). The Isley Brothers, Between the Sheets (album); incl. Between the Sheets. Millie Jackson (1944-), E.S.P. (Extra Sexual Persuasion) (album #18); incl. Slow Tongue Rick James (1948-2004), Cold Blooded; his relationship with Linda Blair. Joan Jett (1958-), Album (album #3); incl. Star Star (by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards). JoBoxers, Like Gangbusters (album) (debut); from London, incl. Dig Wayne (Timothy Wayne Ball) (1962-) (vocals), Rob Marche (guitars), Dave Collard (keyboards), Sean McLusky (drums); incl. Boxerbeat (#3 in the U.K.), Just Got Lucky. Billy Joel (1949-), An Innocent Man (album #9) (Aug. 9) (#6 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); loses the Album of the Year Grammy to Michael Jackson's "Thriller"; incl. An Innocent Man (#10), Uptown Girl (#3) (about his new babe Christie Brinkley), Tell Her About It (#1), Leave a Tender Moment Alone (#27), Keeping the Faith (#18). Elton John (1947-), Too Low for Zero (album #17) (May); first since 1976 with lyrics by Bernie Taupin; incl. I'm Still Standing, I Guess That's Why They Call It The Blues (with Stevie Wonder). Journey, Frontiers (album #8) (Feb. 22); sells 6M copies; incl. Faithfully, Separate Ways, After the Fall, Send Her My Love, Chain Reaction. Kansas, Drastic Measures (album #9) (July); after going Christian flops, they disband until 1986. Dead Kennedys, A Skateboard Party (album) (Aug.). Greg Kihn Band, Kihnspiracy (album #6); incl. (Our Love's in) Jeopardy (#2 in the U.S.), Fascination, I Fall to Pieces. Albert King (1923-92), San Francisco '83 (album). The Kinks, State of Confusion (album #19) (June 10) (#12 in the U.S.); incl. Come Dancing (#6 in the U.S.), Don't Forget to Dance. Kix, Cool Kids (album #2) (Mar. 7) (#177 in the U.S.); incl. Body Talk. Patti LaBelle (1944-), I'm In Love Again (album); incl. I'm In Love Again, If Only You Knew, Love, Need and Want You. Cyndi Lauper (1953-), She's So Unusual (album) (debut) (Oct. 14) (#4 in the U.S.) (9M copies); first female singer with four top-5 singles from same album; incl. Girls Just Want to Have Fun, Time After Time, She Bop (her little habit of masturbation), All Through the Night, Money Changes Everything, When You Were Mine. Murphy's Law, Bong Blast (album) (debut); New York City hardcore punk, incl. Jimmy G/Gestapo/Spliff (Drescher). The Human League, Fascination! (album); incl. Mirror Man. Def Leppard, Pyromania (album #3) (Jan. 20) (#2 in the U.S., #18 in the U.K.) ("Drive me crazier, no serenade, no fire brigade, just a pyromania)"; sells 10M+ copies; incl. Photograph, Rock of Ages ("Gunther glieben glauchen globen"), Foolin, Too Late for Love, Rock! Rock! Till You Drop. Level 42, Standing in the Light (album #4) (#9 in the U.K.); incl. The Sun Goes Down (Living It Up), Micro-kid. Huey Lewis (1950-) and the News, Sports (album #3) (Sept. 15) (#1 in the U.S., #2 for 1984 after Michael Jackson's "Thriller"); incl. I Want a New Drug, Heart and Soul, Walking On a Thin Line, The Heart of Rock and Roll ("DC, San Antone and the Liberty Town Boston and Baton Rouge, Tulsa, Austin, Oklahoma City, Seattle, San Francisco, too. Everywhere there's music, real live music, bands with a million styles, but its still that some old rock and roll music that really drives em wild."). Thin Lizzy, Thunder and Lightning (album #12) (lat album) (Mar. 4); incl. The Sun Goes Down, Cold Sweat; Life (double album) (Oct. 16). Meat Loaf (1947-2022), Midnight at the Lost and Found (album); incl. Midnight t the Lost and Found. Loverboy, Keep It Up (album #3) (Nov. 8) (#7 in the U.S.); incl. Hot Girls in Love (#11 in the U.S.), Queen of the Broken Hearts. Madonna (1958-), Madonna (album) (debut) (July 23); incl. Everybody, Burning Up, Holiday (first top-20 hit), Borderline (#10 in the U.S.) (first top-10 hit), Lucky Star (#4 in the U.S.) (first of 15 straight top-5 hits). Iron Maiden, Piece of Mind (album #4) (May 16); first with drummer Michael Henry "Nicko" McBrain (1954-); incl. Flight of Icarus, The Trooper. 10,000 Maniacs, Secrets of the I Ching (album). Barry Manilow (1943-), Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (album #13). Bob Marley (1945-81), Confrontation (album) (posth.) (May 23); incl. Buffalo Soldier. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Honesty (album #16). Paul McCartney (1942-), Pipes of Peace (album #5) (Oct. 31) (#15 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); incl. Say Say Say (w/ Michael Jackson), Pipes of Peace, So Bad. Reba McEntire (1955-), Behind the Scene (album #6); incl. Why Do We Want (What We Know We Can't Have). Malcolm McLaren (1946-2010), Duck Rock (album); introduces hip hop to the U.K.; incl. Buffalo Gals, Double Dutch. John Cougar Mellencamp (1951-), Uh-Huh (album #7); incl. Tumblin' Down, Pink Houses. Metallica, Kill 'Em All (original title "Metal Up Your Ass") (final title refers to timid record distributors) (album) (debut); sells 3M copies; formed on Oct. 28, 198 in Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Dave Mustaine (1961-) (vocals) (fired in 1983 for alcoholism), James Hetfield (1963-) (vocals), Kirk Hammett (1962-) (guitar), Lars Ulrich (1963-) (drums), Cliff Burton (1962-86) (bass); incl. The Four Horsemen (original title "The Mechanix"), Hit the Lights, Jump in the Fire, Motorbreath. Steve Miller Band, Live! (album). Stephanie Mills (1957-), Merciless (album); incl. The Medicine Song. Ronnie Milsap (1943-), Stranger in My House (#5 country) (#23 in the U.S.). Corey Mitchell (1962-), First Offense (album) (debut) (Nov.); incl. Sunglasses at Night (Jan. 1984) (#7 in the U.S.) (#24 in Canada) (about wearing sunglasses in the studio to protect against the vents?). Depeche Mode, Construction Time Again (album #3) (Aug. 22); first with Alan Wilder; incl. Everything Counts, Love In Itself. Eddie Money (1949-), Where's the Party (album #5) (Oct.); incl. Where's the Party?, Club Michelle, The Big Crash. Van Morrison (1945-), Inarticulate Speech of the Heart (album #14) (Mar.); incl. Irish Heartbeat. The Motels, Little Robbers (album); incl. Suddenly Last Summer. Motorhead, What's Words Worth? (album) (Mar. 5); Another Perfect Day (album #6) (June 4) (#20 in the U.K.); with Brian "Robbo" Robertson; incl. Shine, Dancing On Your Grave, I Got Mine. Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), The Heart Never Lies (album #11); incl. Maybe This Time. Anne Murray (1945-), A Little Good News. Roxy Music, The High Road (album) (Mar.). Crosby, Stills & Nash, Allies (album) (June 6); incl. War Games. Juice Newton (1952-), Dirty Looks (album); incl. Tell Her No; her switch from country to rock turns her fans off? Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), Two of a Kind. Stevie Nicks (1948-), The Wild Heart (album #2) (June 10); sells 2M copies; incl. Stand Back, Beauty and the Beast. Klaus Nomi (1944-83), Encore! (album #3); dies of AIDS before he can do another encore. Aldo Nova (1956-), Subject... Aldo Nova (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Monkey On Your Back, Always Be Mine. Luigi Nono (1924-90), Guai ai Gelidi Mostri. Gary Numan (1958-), Warriors (album #5) (Sept. 16); incl. Sister Surprise. Oingo Boingo, Good for Your Soul (album #3) (July 26); incl. Good for Your Soul. OMD, Dazzle Ships (album #4) (Mar. 4); incl. Genetic Engineering, Telegraph. New Order, Power, Corruption & Lies (album #2) (May); incl. Age of Consent; Blue Monday (bestselling 12-in. single (resembling a floppy disk) of all time). Ozzy Osbourne (1948-), Bark at the Moon (album #3) (Nov. 15) (#19 in the U.S.) (3M copies); first without Randy Rhoads; incl. Bark at the Moon, Rock 'n' Roll Rebel. Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Pride (album #8) (#37 in the U.K.). Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), Heaven Only Knows (album #8) (Oct. 27); incl. I Want My Baby Back. Peter and the Test Tube Babies, The Mating Sounds of South American Frogs (album #2); incl. The Jinx. Pointer Sisters, Break Out (album #10) (Nov. 6) (#8 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.) (3M copies); their breakthrough album, making them big MTV stars; incl. Jump (For My Love), Automatic, Neutron Dance, All Systems Go. The Police, Synchronicity (album #5) (last) (June 1); title comes from Arthur Koestler's "The Roots of Coincidence", which mentions Carl Jung's Theory of Synchronicity; incl. Every Breath You Take, Wrapped Around Your Finger, Synchronicity II, King of Pain. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Individual Choice (album); incl. Individual Choice. Will Powers (Lynn Goldsmith) (1948-), Dancing for Mental Health (album); incl. Adventures in Success, Kissing With Confidence (novelty hit with uncredited Carly Simon playing a woman and Goldsmith playing a man), Smile. Quarterflash, Take Another Picture (album #2) (#34 in the U.S.); incl. Take Me to Heart (#14 in the U.S.). Queensryche (Queensr˙che), Queensryche (Queensr˙che) (album) (debut) (Aug. 12); from Bellevue, Wash.; original name The Mob; Geoffrey Wayne "Geoff" Tate (1959-) (vocals), Michael Wilton (1962-) (guitar), Chris DeGarmo (guitar), Eddie Jackson (1961-) (bass) Scott Rockenfield (1963-) (drums); incl. Queen of the Reich. Quiet Riot, Mental Health (album #3) (Mar. 11) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Cum Feel the Noize (by Slade) (#5 in the U.S.) (first heavy metal song to make the U.S. top-5), Mental Health (#31 in the U.S.). Grand Funk Railroad, What's Funk? (album) (Jan.). Rainbow, Bent Out of Shape (album #7) (last album) (Aug. 24); incl. Street of Dreams, Can't Let You Go, Snowman. The Ramones, Subterranean Jungle (album #7) (Feb.); after its release Marky Ramone is fired for alcoholism and replaced with Richie Ramone, appearing hiding behind the window on the cover; incl. Time Bomb (first lead vocal by Dee Dee). Night Ranger, Midnight Madness (album #2) (Oct.) (1M copies in the U.S.); incl. Sister Christian (#5 in the U.S.), (You Can Still) Rock in America, When You Close Your Eyes, Rumors in the Air (used in the film "Sixteen Candles"). Ratt, Ratt (Aug. 23) (debut) (EP); from San Diego, Calif.; incl. Stephen Eric Pearcy (1959-) (vocals); incl. You Think You're Tough, Walkin' the Dog. Lou Reed (1942-), Legendary Hearts (album #12) (Mar.); incl. Legendary Hearts. R.E.M., Murmur (album) (debut); incl. Talk About the Passion. The Replacements, Hootennany (The Replacements Album) (album #2); incl. Hootenanny, Lovelines. Lionel Richie (1949-), Can't Slow Down (album #2) (Oct. 11) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (20M copies); incl. Hello (#1 in the U.S.), All Night Long (#1 in the U.S.), Penny Lover (#8 in the U.S.), Stuck on You (#3 in the U.S.), Running with the Night (#7 in the U.S.). Kenny Rogers (1938-), We've Got Tonight (album #11); incl. We've Got Tonight (w/Sheena Easton), All My Life, Scarlet Fever; Eyes That See in the Dark (album #12); incl. Islands in the Stream (w/Dolly Parton), Buried Treasure (by the Bee Gees), This Woman, Eyes That See in the Dark. The Romantics, In Heat (album #4); incl. Talking in Your Sleep (#3 in the U.S.), One in a Million (#37 in the U.S.). Linda Ronstadt (1946-), What's New? (album) (3.5M copies). Todd Rundgren (1948-), The Ever Popular Tortured Artist Effect (album #10) (Jan.) (#66 in the U.S.); incl. Bang the Drum All Day (#63 in the U.S.) (played by the Green Bay Packers after every TD starting in 1995, followed by the Los Angeles Dodgers). Mitch Ryder (1945-), Never Kick a Sleeping Dog (album); incl. When You Were Mine. Black Sabbath, Born Again (album #11) (Sept.); incl. Trashed, Disturbing the Priest, Zero the Hero. Saxon, Power and the Glory (album); incl. Power and the Glory. A Flock of Seagulls, Listen (album #2) (May); incl. Wishing (If I Had a Photograph of You). Sandie Shaw (1947-), Wish I Was. Twisted Sister, You Can't Stop Rock 'n' Roll (album #2) (June 27) (#130 in the U.S., #14 in the U.K.). Slayer, Show No Mercy (album) (debut) (Dec.); from Huntington Park, Calif., incl. Tomas Enrique "Tom" Araya (1961-), Jeffrey John "Jeff" Hanneman (1964-2013), Jerry Ray King (1964-), and Dave Lombardo (1965-) (drums). Sister Sledge, Bet Cha Say That to All the Girls (album #7); incl. Bet Cha Say That To All the Girls. The Smithereens, Beauty and Sadness (album); incl. Beauty and Sadness. Information Society, The InSoc EP (album) (debut); from Minneapolis, Minn., incl. Kurt Larson (Harland), Paul Jason Robb, and James "Jim" Cassidy (Kazmeyer). The Rolling Stones, Undercover (album #19) (Nov. 7); an attempt to reinvent themselves for MTV?; incl. Undercover of the Night, She Was Hot, Wanna Hold You, Too Much Blood. Terry Stafford (1941-96), Amarillo by Morning. Ringo Starr (1940-), Old Wave (album #9) (June 16); another flop; next album in 1992; incl. In My Car. Status Quo, Back to Back (album #16) (Nov.); incl. Marguerita Time (#3 in U.K.). Al Stewart (1945-), Russians and Americans (album #11); incl. Russians and Americans, Rumours of War, Strange Girl. Rod Stewart (1945-), Body Wishes (album #12) (June 10); incl. Baby Jane, What Am I Gonna Do (I'm So in Love with You), Sweet Surrender. George Strait (1952-), Right or Wrong (album #3) (Oct. 6) (#1 country); incl. Right or Wrong (#1 country), You Look So Good in Love (#1 country), Let's Fall to Pieces Together (#1 country). Dire Straits, ExtendedancEPlay (EP) (Jan. 10); first with new drummer Terence "Terry Williams (1949-); incl. Twisting By the Pool. Styx, Kilroy Was Here (album #11) (Feb. 28) (#3 in the U.S.) (2M copies in the U.S.); about the future fascist Majority for Musical Morality (MMM), which outlaws rock music; incl. Mr. Roboto (#3 in the U.S.) (written by Dennis DeYoung) ("Domo arigato, Mister Roboto"), Don't Let It End (#6 in the U.S.), High Time, Heavy Metal Poisoning. Donna Summer (1948-2012), She Works Hard for the Money (album #11) (June 13); 1970s discos queen holds on with her biggest hit of the 1980s; incl. She Works Hard for the Money. Survivor, Caught in the Game (album #4); incl. Caught in the Game. Swans, Filth (album) (debut); from New York City, incl. Michael Rolfe Gira (1954-) (vocals); "the loudest band on Earth"; "a test of endurance"; incl. Big Strong Boss, Blackout, Weakling. Suicidal Tendencies, Suicidal Tendencies (album) (debut) (July 5); incl. from Venice, Calif., incl. Mike Muir (1963-) (vocals), Grant Estes (guitar), Louiche Mayorga (bass, vocals), Amery Smith (drums); incl. Institutionalized (first skate punk video to receive major airplay on MTV. Randall Thompson (1899-1984), The Twelve Canticles (last work). ZZ Top, Eliminator (album #8) (Mar. 23) (10M copies); "Rev." Billy F. Gibbons (1949-), Joseph Michael "Dusty" Hill (1949-, and Frank Lee Beard (1949-) (drums), sporting belly-length beards (grown in a 2-year hiatus in 1977-9), cheap sunglasses, black suits, and white baseball caps, playing hollow-bodied Gibsons; incl. Sharp Dressed Man, Legs, Gimme All Your Lovin, Got Me Under Pressure. The Four Tops, Back Where I Belong (album); incl. Back Where I Belong. Cheap Trick, Next Position Please (album #7) (Aug. 15); album cover parodies Bruce Springsteen's "Born to Run"; incl. I Can't Take It, Borderline. The Tubes, Outside Inside (album); incl. She's a Beauty, Tip of My Tongue, The Monkey Time. Thompson Twins, Quick Step and Side Kick/Side Kicks (album #3) (Feb.) (#2 in the U.K.); Tom Bailey, Alannah Currie, Joe Leeway; incl. Lies. Bonnie Tyler (1951-), Faster Than the Speed of Light (album #5) (Apr.) (#4 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. Total Eclipse of the Heart (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.). U2, War (album #3) (Feb. 28) (#12 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. Sunday Bloody Sunday, New Years Day, Two Hearts Beat As One., 40. The Undertones, The Sin of Pride (album #4) (last) (Mar.) (#43 in the U.K.); incl. Got to Have You Back, Chain of Love, and The Love Parade; they disband in July, then reunite in 2003. Vangelis (1943-), Antarctica (album). Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Stockport. Stevie Ray Vaughan (1954-90) and Double Trouble, Texas Flood (album) (debut) (June 13); incl. Love Struck Baby, Pride and Joy; from Dallas, Tex., incl. Tommy Shannon (bass) and Chris Layton (drums). The Ventures, NASA 25th Anniversary Commemorative Album (album) (June). Wall of Voodoo, Call of the West (album #3); incl. Mexican Radio (#58 in the U.S., #58 in the U.K.). The Waitresses, Bruiseology (album #3) (last album) (May); a flop, causing them to disband next year; incl. Bruiseology; Make the Weather (album). Joe Walsh (1947-), You Bought It, You Name It (album #6) (May 21). Dionne Warwick (1940-), All the Love in the World; Take the Short Way Home (with the Bee Gees); Yours (with the Bee Gees). Wham!, Fantastic! (album) (debut) (July 9) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Young Guns (Go for It), Bad Boys, Club Tropicana. Snowy White (1948-), Bird of Paradise (solo debut) (#6 in the U.K.); formerly with Thin Lizzy. Roger Whittaker (1936-), I Love You Because (written by Leon Payne). The Who, The Who's Greatest Hits (album) (Nov. 23). Matthew Wilder (1953-), I Don't Speak the Language (album) (debut); incl. Break My Stride (#5 in the U.S.), The Kid's American (#33 in the U.S.). Denice Williams (1950-), It's Gonna Take a Miracle; I'm So Proud. Steve Winwood (1948-), Talking Back to the Night (album #3) (Sept.); incl. Valerie. Men At Work, Cargo (album #2) (June 28); incl. Dr. Heckyll and Mr. Jive, High Wire, It's a Mistake, Overkill. Bow Wow Wow, When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going (album #3) (last album). Tammy Wynette (1942-98), A Good Night's Love. XTC, Mummer (album #6) (Aug. 30) (#145 in the U.S., #51 in the U.K.); incl. Great Fire, Wonderland, Love on a Farmboy's Wages (#50 in the U.K.). Yello, You Gotta Say Yes to Another Excess (album #3) (#184 in the U.S., #65 in the U.K.); last with Carlos Peron; incl. I Love You (#41 in the U.K.), Lost Again (#73 in the U.K.). Yes, 90125 (album #11) (Nov. 14); Trevor Rabin and Jon Anderson; incl. Owner of a Lonely Heart, Leave It. Neil Young (1945-) and the Shocking Pinks, Everybody's Rockin' (album) (Aug. 1); incl. Everybody's Rockin', Wonderin', Cry, Cry, Cry. Paul Young (1956-), No Parlez (album) (debut) (July 18) (#1 in the U.K.) (900K copies); incl. Wherever I Lay My Hat (That's My Home) (#1 in the U.K.), Love of the Common People (#2 in the U.K.), Come Back and Stay (#4 in the U.K.). Frank Zappa (1940-93), The Man from Utopia (album) (Mar. 28); cover by Tanino Liberatore depicts a concert in Palermo, Italy on July 14, 1982 that went bad; incl. The Man from Utopia/ Mary Lou, Moggio; Baby Snakes Soundtrack (album) (Mar. 28); London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. 1 (album) (June 9); incl. Sad Jane, Pedro's Dowry, Envelopes, Mo 'n Herb's Vacation. Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (1939-), Prologue and Variations. Movies: Michael Chapman's All the Right Moves (Oct. 21) stars Tom Cruise as h.s. defensive back Stefen "Stef" Djordjevic, who tries to get out of his podunk W Penn. town with a football scholarship, but first has to get through mean Coach Nickerson (Craig T. Nelson). Lawrence Kasdan's The Big Chill (Sept. 28) stars Kevin Costner as a never-seen dead man (suicide) whose seven middle-aged 1960s radical friends reunite to remember, finding they've sold out to the system and lost their dreams, incl. Tom Berenger, Glenn Close, Jeff Goldblum, William Hart, Kevin Kline, Mary Kay Place, and JoBeth Williams; also stars Meg Tilly. Douglas Trumbull's Brainstorm (Sept. 30) is a sci-fi flick starring Christopher Walken as Michael Brace, and Natalie Wood (who dies during filming, causing the production to go into limbo for two years, after which body doubles are used to finish) as his estranged wife Karen, who use the Hat, a device that can record brain sensations, which ends up becoming a freak machine giving visions of Heaven and Hell. John Carpenter's Christine (Dec. 9) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1983 Stephen King novel set in Sept. 1978 stars Keith Gordon as unfortunate haunted bright red-white 1958 Plymouth Fury buyer Arnold "Arnie" Cunningham of Rockbridge, Calif., and John Stockwell as his friend Dennis Guilder; does $21M box office on a $10M budget, becoming a cult classic. Bob Clark's A Christmas Story (Nov. 18) (MGM), based on the 1967 autobio. novel "In God We Trust, All Others Pay Cash" by radio personality Jean Parker "Shep" Shepherd (1921-99) (the narrator) immortalizes B-actor Darren McGavin (1922-2006) in a nostalgic story about the single-minded obsession of 9-y.-o. Am. white boy Ralphie Parker (Peter Billingsley) in Cleveland, Ohio to acquire a Daisy Red Ryder BB gun (Red Ryder Carbine Action 200-Shot Range Model Air Rifle) for Xmas from Higbee's Dept. Store in the boring 1950s despite everybody warning him "You'll shoot your eye out"; Melinda Dillon plays the mommy; he uses his decoder ring to decode the message "Drink your Ovaltine"; does $20.6M box office on a $3.3M budget; features the tongue stuck to pole scene. David Cronenberg's The Dead Zone (Oct. 21) (Dino De Laurentiis Co.) (Paramount Pictures), based on the 1979 Stephen King novel stars wacked-out Christopher Walken as schoolteacher Johnny Smith of Castle Rock, Maine, who awakens from a 5-year coma with psychic powers allowing him to read a person's mind when he touches them; Martin Sheen plays U.S. Senate candidate Greg Stillson, whom he volunteers for until he reads his mind and sees that he intends to nuke Russia after reaching the White House, making it necessary to assassinate him; does $20.8M box office on a $10M budget. Peter Yates' The Dresser (Dec. 9) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1980 Ronald Harwood play about Shakespearan actor Sir Donald Wolff, set in WWII Britain stars Albert Finney as dying actor Sir, and Tom Courtenay as his dresser Norman; Edward Fox plays Oxenby; does $5.3M box office. Jeff Kanew's Eddie Macon's Run (Mar. 23) (Universal), based on the 1980 novel by James McLendon stars Kirk Douglas as cop Marzack, who chases escaped con Eddie Macon (John Schneider), who is helped by bored rich girl Jilly Buck (Lee Purcell); the film debut of St. Louis, Mo.-born John Stephen Goodman (1952-) as Herbert. Lewis Gilbert's Educating Rita (Sept. 14) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1980 play by Willy Russell, set at Trinity College, Dublin, stars Michael Caine as alcoholic Open U. lit. prof. Frank Bryant, who tries to mentor working-class Liverpudlian hairdresser Rita, played by Birmingham-born Julia Mary "Julie" Walters (1950-) in her feature film debut; Bryant confuses consonance with assonance?; "the last good picture made before [I] mentally retired" (Caine). Diane Kurys' Entre Nous (Between Us) (AKA Coup de Foudre or Love At First Sight) (Gaumont) (Apr. 6) stars Isabelle Huppert as Lena, and Guy Marchand as Michel, who helps her escape from a French POW camp by marrying her, despite both being Jewish; they end up running a garage in Lyon, where Lena meets Madeleine (Miou-Miou), wife of black marketeer Costa (Jean-Pierre Bacri), hooking up and going into a Boston marriage with their own dress shop in Paris. Adrian Lyne's Flashdance (Apr. 15) (R-rated), written by Thomas Heldey Jr. and Joe Eszterhas stars Jennifer Beals (1963-) as 18-y.-o. welder Alex Owens, who dances at a bar at night and romances her boss Nick Hurley (Michael Nouri) while trying to get into the School of Ballet (by having Marine Jahan, Sharon Shapiro, and Richard Colon do her dancing?); the title song Flashdance (What a Feeling) is sung by Irene Cara (1959-); also incl. hit songs Maniac by Michael Sembello, Gloria by Laura Branigan, and Lady, Lady, Lady by Joe Esposito (songwriter for Donna Summer); first big hit ($93M) for Jewish-Am. producer Jerome Leon "Jerry" Bruckheimer (1945-), who follows it with "Beverly Hills Cop", "Top Gun", "The Rock", "Con Air", "Crimson Tide", "Armageddon" et al. Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man, based on the novel by Gerard Reve stars Jeroen Krabbe as Dutch bi alcoholic novelist Reve, who hooks up with Vlissingen Lit. Society treasurer Renee Christine Halslag (Soutendijk), who turns out to be a black widow. Mary Dore's, Sam Sills', and Noel Buckner's The Good Fight. Michael Apted's Gorky Park (Dec. 15), based on the 1981 novel by Martin Cruz Smith and filmed in Helsinki stars William Hurt as Moscow dick Arkady Renko, and Lee Marvin as sleazy Am. black market mink breeder Jack Osborne. Phillip Borso's The Grey Fox stars Richard Farnsworth as an early 20th cent. stagecoach driver. Alain Tanner's In the White City, about "city of the seven hills" Lisbon stars Bruno Ganz and Teresa Madruga. Martin Scorsese's The King of Comedy (Dec. 19) stars Robert De Niro as celebrity stalker Rupert Pupkin, who kidnaps Jerry Lewis (playing himself) and forces him to give him his big break. Robert Bresson's L'Argent (Money) (May 18) stars Christian Patey and Sylvie van den Essen in a yarn about a forged 500-franc note being passed by knowing people until it finally falls into the hands of an innocent person. Alain Resnais' Life Is a Bed of Roses stars Vittorio Gassman, Ruggero Raimondi, Geraldine Chaplin. Bill Forsyth's Local Hero (Feb. 17) (20th Cent. Fox) (Warner Bros.), produced by David Puttnam stars Burt Lancaster as Houston, Tex.-based Knox Oil & Gas CEO Felix Happer, who sends hotshot exec "Mac" MacIntyre (Peter Reigert) to buy the village of Ferness, Scotland to build a refinery, but falls in love with the people instead; does $5.9M box office on a Ł3M budget. Herbert Ross' Max Dugan Returns (Mar. 25), based on a Neil Simon comedy stars Marsha Mason as Nora McPhee, Jason Robards as Max Dugan, and Donald Sutherland as Brian Costello, and is the film debut of his son Kiefer Sutherland (1966-). Nagisa Oshima's Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence (May 10) (Recorded Picture Co.), based on novels by Sir Laurens van der Post stars David Bowie as South African pvt. Jack Celliers, and Tom Conti as Japanese-speaking British Lt. Col. John Lawrence, who are stuck in a Japanese POW camp in Java in 1942, dueling with camp cmdr. Capt. Yonoi (Ryuichi Sakamoto), who is tormented by missing out on the Feb. 26 Incident of 1936, and his closet gay feelings; the shocking ending, where Bowie's buried alive in the sand until butterflies rest on his face ends Bowie's typecasting, or confirms it?; Takeshi Kitani plays Sgt. Gengo Hara; Sakamoto writes the score, incl. the haunting theme Forbidden Colours, sung by David Sylvian. Terry Jones' Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (Apr. 22) (Universal Pictures) is a series of silly sketches incl. "The Miracle of Birth", "Growth and Learning", "Fighting Each Other", "The Middle of the Film", "Middle Age", "Live Organ Transplants", "The Autumn Years", "Death", and "The End of the Film"; features Every Sperm Is Sacred, The Penis Song, and The Galaxy Song; "Try and be nice to people, avoid eating fat, read a good book every now and then, get some walking in, and try to live together in peace and harmony with people of all creeds and nations"; d oes $14.9M box office on a $9M budget. Harold Ramis' National Lampoon's Vacation (July 29) (Warner Bros.) stars Chevy Chase as Clark W. Griswold of Chicago, Beverly D'Angelo as his wife Ellen, Anthony Michael Hall as their son Russell "Rusty", and Dana Barron as their daughter Audrey, who set out on a 2,640-mi. automobile trip to Wally World in Calif., "America's Favorite Family Fun Park"; Eddie Bracken plays owner Roy Walley; the film debut of Christie Brinkley as the Girl in the Red Ferrari; does $61.4M box office on a $15M budget, becoming a cult film of the vanishing days of pure white America; spawns "European Vacation" (1985), "Christmas Vacation" (1989), "Las Vegas Vacation" (1997), and "Vacation" (2015). Irvin Kershner's Never Say Never Again (Oct. 7) (Warner Bros.) is a 007 James Bond flick not made by Eon Productions because of the film rights of screenwriter Kevin McClory, sans the usual Miss Moneypenny, M, Q, and Felix Leiter, and is the last 007 performance by aging Sean Connery (b. 1930), grossing $160M worldwide on a $36M budget; the Bond girl is Kim Basinger, who plays Domino Petachi, the bad guy is Klaus Maria Brandauer, who plays Maximilian Largo, and the bad girl is Barbara Carrera, who plays Fatima Bush in a caper about stealing two nuclear warheads; the Never Say Never Again Theme is by Herb Alpert's wife Lani Hall (1945-). Gregory Nava's El Norte stars Zaide Silvia Gutierrez and David Vilalpando as Guatemalans who flee persecution and head through Mexico to Los Angeles. John Glen's Octopussy (June 6) (Eon Productions) (MGM) (United Internat. Pictures) (James Bond 007 film #13), based on the 1966 Ian Fleming short story "Octopussy and The Living Daylights"; stars aging Roger Moore (b. 1927) as 007, and Maud Adams as you know what, and manages to keep the franchise from stalling despite a few seams showing and a competitor in town, doing $183.M worldwide box office on a $27.5M budget; Louis Jourdan plays bad guy Kamal Khan, Kristina Wayborn plays his henchman Magda, Kabir Beda plays his bodyguard Gobinda; Steven Berkoff plays Soviet Gen. Orlov; David Meyer and Anthony Meyer plays circus knife-throwers Mischka and Grischka; Rita Coolidge sings the Octopussy Theme Song (All Time High). Francis Ford Coppola's The Outsiders (Mar. 25), based on the 1967 coming-of-age teen gang novel by teenie author S.E. Hinton features a bevy of outsider future stars incl. Matt Dillon, Rob Lowe, Diane Lane, Patrick Swayze, Tom Cruise (with bad teeth), C. Thomas Howell, Ralph Maccio, and Emilio Estevez. Martin Campbell's and Freeman Goddard's Reilly, Ace of Spies is a 12-episode TV miniseries based on the 1967 book by Robin Bruce Lockhart about Russian Jewish spy Sidney Reilly, starring Northern Ireland-born Kiwi hunk actor Nigel John Dermot "Sam" Neill (1947-); the history is moose hockey, but he's so cool we wish it were true?; Leo Mckern plays Basil Zaharoff; Ian Charleson plays R.H. Bruce Lockhart (father of Robin Bruce Lockhart); Tom Bell plays Felix Dzerzhinsky; David Burke plays Stalin, looking better than the real one?; features Dmitri Shostakovich's "The Gadfly Suite". Paul Brickman's Risky Business (Aug. 5) (Geffen Film Co.) (Warner Bros.) (Brickman's dir. debut) launches the superstar career of Tom Cruise (Thomas Cruise Mapother IV) (1962-), who karaokes in his stain-free jockeys as home-alone teenie Joel Goodsen while wearing Ray-Ban Wayfarer sunglasses, causing a sales boom; about a Porsche, Princeton, Lana (Rebecca De Mornay), and Guido the Killer Pimp (Joe Pantoliano); does $63.5M box office on a $6.2M budget. Philip Kaufman's The Right Stuff, based on the 1979 book by Tom Wolfe stars Sam Shepard as Chuck Yeager, Ed Harris as John Glenn, Dennis Quaid as Gordon Cooper, Scott Glenn as Alan Shepard, Lance Henriksen as Wally Schirra, and Fred Ward as explosive-bolt-tripping Gus Grissom. Francis Ford Coppola's Rumble Fish (Oct. 21), an adapation of a 1975 S.E. Hinton novel stars Matt Dillon as a street punk who worships his older gangbanging brother Mickey Rourke. Brian DePalma's Scarface (Dec. 1) (Universal Pictures) is a remake of the classic 1932 film about Al Capone changing the characters and scenery, starring Al Pacino as human trash Cuban refugee Tony Montana, who "loved the American with a vengeance", and rises to become a mob boss in Miami so he can get white bimbo Elvira Hancock (Michelle Pfeiffer) and all the toys and lifestyle, until he crashes in cocaine-sniffing flames after killing his boss Frank Lopez (Robert Loggia) and partner Manny Ray (Steven Bauer); the film debut of Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio (1958-) as Tony's sister Gina Montana; the 1906 El Fureidis (Little Paradise) Estate in Montecito, Calif. is used as his home; does $65.9M box office on a $25M budget; "Say hello to my little friend." Mike Nichols' Silkwood (Dec. 14) (20th Cent. Fox) stars Meryl Streep as Kerr-McGee plutonium plant (Crescent, Okla.) whistleblower Karen Silkwood; does $35.6M box office on a $10M budget. Jack Clayton's Something Wicked This Way Comes (Apr. 29) (Walt Disney Productions) based on the the 1962 Ray Bradbury novel with title taken from Shakespeare's "Macbeth" Act 4 is about two young boys Will Halloway (Vidal Peterson) and Jim Nightshade (Shawn Carson) in Green Town, Ill. who attend Mr. Dark's Pandemonium Carnival, run by Mr. Dark the Illustrated Man (Jonathan Pryce), and meet a collection of freaks intent on taking control of the town and sending innocent souls do Hell; Pam Grier plays the Dust Witch; does $19M box office on an $8.4M budget. Richard Marquand's Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (May 25) gives Star Wars junkies another fix, taking in $309.1M at the domestic box office and $572.9M worldwide on a $32.5M budget; the next film in the series takes 16 years to release. Robert Altman's Streamers (Sept. 16), based on the David Rabe play stars Matthew Modine et al. as six young soldiers waiting in an army barracks for orders to go to Vietnam, and learning that one of them is gay. Michael Lauglin's Strange Invaders (Sept. 16) is a spoof set in 1958 Centerville, Ill. starring Paul Le Mat as Prof. Charles Bigelow, and Diana Scarwid as his ex-wife Margaret Newman, who discover that the town has been taken over by aliens; also features Nancy Allen as Betty Walker; brings in $1.36M on a $5.5M budget. Euzhan Palcys' Sugar Cane Alley (Sept. 23) stars Garry Ladenat as Joe, who cuts cane in the 1930s. Bruce Beresford's Tender Mercies (Mar. 4), written by Horton Foote stars Robert Duvall as alcoholic country singer Mac Sledge, who hooks up with young widow Rosa Lee (Tess Harper in her screen debut); initially underpromoted, it flops until the critics give it rave reviews and it is nominated for five Oscars, winning best screenplay and best actor (his first win). James L. Brooks' Terms of Endearment (Nov. 23), a manipulative tear-jerker based on the 1975 Larry McMurtry novel stars Shirley MacLaine as Aurora Greenway, Debra Winger as her daughter Emma, Jeff Daniels as Winger's unfaithful college prof. hubby Flap Horton, John Lithgow as bank employee Sam Burns, and Jack Nicholson as brow-cocking playboy Houston neighbor and astronaut Garrett Breedlove; Brooks' debut as screenwriter and dir.; "Come to laugh, come to cry, come to care, come to terms"; followed by "The Evening Star" (1996). Lynne Litman's Testament stars Jane Alexander. John Korty's and Charles Swenson's animated Twice Upon a Time (Aug. 5) is about two heroes trying to stop a madman from giving everybody nightmares. John Landis, Steven Spielberg, George Miller and Joe Dante's Twilight Zone: The Movie (June 24) refilms three episodes of the TV series, along with a 4th original one; features the Jennifer Warnes song Nights Are Forever; too bad, on July 23, 1982 actor Vic Morrow (b. 1929) is killed along with two small children by heli blades during filming in a heli crash at Indian Dunes, Ventura County, Calif. on John Landis' watch, leading to massive reforms in safety and child labor laws on Calif. movie sets. Daryl Duke's The Thorn Birds, a 10-hour TV miniseries based on the 1977 novel by Colleen McCullough is Rachel Ward's TV debut (as Meggie Cleary) and one of Barbara Stanwyck's last perf.; star Richard Chamberlain as Father Ralph de Bricassart, whose priestly chemistry makes the forbidden love angle work, even though he's actually, never mind. Michael Tuchner's Trenchcoat (Mar. 11) (a Walt Disney film) stars Margot Kidder as mystery writer Mickey Raymond, who travels to Malta for research and falls in love with handsome mysterious American Robert Hays. Roger Spottiswood's Under Fire (Oct. 21) stars Gene Hackman, Nick Nolte, Joanna Cassidy as journalists Alex Grazier, Russell Price, and Claire in a romantic triangle during the 1979 Nicaraguan Rev.; Ed Harris plays Oates. John Badham's WarGames (May 7) (United Artists) (MGM/UA Entertainment co.) stars Matthew Broderick (1963-) as Am. teenie computer game hacker David Lightman, who war-dials into the secret U.S. military WOPR supercomputer and almost starts WWII; Ally Sheedy plays his babe Jennifer Mack; Dabney Coleman plays NORAD mgr. John McKittrick, and John Wood plays pterosaur-loving Dr. Stephen Falken; spawns the term "war dialing", causing a mini-scare over the absence of computer security; grosses $80M on a $12M budget (#5); the final launch code is "CPE1704TKS"; does $79.6M box office on a $12M budget. Barbra Streisand's Yentl (Dec. 9), based on the 1975 Isaac Bashevis Singer play stars Streisand as a Yiddish girl dressing as a boy to study the Talmud while falling for Mandy Patinkin and trying to avoid a wedding surprise with Amy Irving; wins an Oscar for original song score Papa Can You Hear Me?; Streisand becomes the first woman to win a Golden Globe for directing. Woody Allen's B&W Zelig (July 15) stars Allen as Leonard Zelig the Chamelon Man, who assumes the personality of anybody he comes in contact with, and shows up among the celebs at historic events. Art: Jean-Michelle Basquiat (1960-88), Hollywood Africans. Christo (1935-), Surrounded Islands; surrounds them with pink off the coast of Fla. Jenny Holzer (1950-), Survival Series (1983-5). Jasper Johns (1930-), Racing Thoughts; Ventriloquist. Anselm Kiefer (1945-), To the Unknown Painter. Bernard "Hap" Kliban (1935-90), Luminous Animals and Other Drawings (Aug. 25). Brice Marden (1938-), Elements IV. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Morphologie de la Gaite; Logos Men; Artificial Lucidity. Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007), Table Turning (1982-3); Deeper than D. Bruce Nauman (1941-), Human/Need/Desire (neon); Pecos Interface; two shoes. Ed Ruscha (1937-), Barns and Farms. Richard Serra (1939-), Kitty Hawk (steel sculpture). George Segal (1924-2000), The Holocaust (sculpture) (Golden Gate Park, San Francisco). Plays: Edward Albee (1928-2016), The Man Who Had Three Arms. Samuel Beckett (1906-89), What Where (Quoi Ou) (last play) (Graz, Austria). Elmer Bernstein, Michael Levinson, William Link, Merlin (Mark Hellinger Theatre, New York) (Feb. 13) (199 perf.); stars Doug Henning, Chita Rivera. Howard Brenton (1942-), The Genius (Royal Court Theatre, London); Am physicist Leo discovers a formula for a more powerful nuclear bomb, and shares it with female British math whiz Gilly. Caryl Churchill, Fen (Almeida Theatre, London) (Mar. 9); stars Jenny Stoller, Bernard Strother. Ray Cooney, Run for Your Wife (Shaftesbury Theatre, London) (Mar. 30); stars Richard Briers, and Bernard Cribbins. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Golf Umbrella. Dario Fo (1926-), The Open Couple; Fo plays Man, his wife Franca Rame plays Woman. Horton Foote (1916-), Cousins (Loft Theatre, Los Angeles). Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Mud; a woman tries to free herself from men a la John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath". Barbara Garson (1941-), The Department; written for the Women Office Workers (WOW). Howard Goodall and Melvyn Bragg, The Hired Man (musical) (Astoria Theatre, London) (Oct. 31). Jerry Herman (1931-) and Harvey Fierstein (1952-), La Cage aux Folles (Fr. "the cage of queens") (musical) (Palace Theatre, New York) (Aug. 21) (1,761 perf.); based on the 1973 Jean Poiret play; dir. by Arthur Laurents; stars non-gay actor George Hearn (1934-) as Saint-Tropez gay drag nightclub star Albin, and non-gay actor Gene Barry (1919-2009) as his gay bud and club mgr. Georges, who try to fool the homophobic conservative parents of Georges' son Jean-Michel's fiancee when he brings them home to meet them; filmed in 1978, and in 1996 as "The Birdcage"; features the gay anthem I Am What I Am, and the song The Best of Times. Wesley Naylor, Vy Higgenson, and Ken Wydro, Mama, I Want to Sing! (musical) (Hecksher Theater, New York) (Mar. 23) (2,213 perf.); stars Crystal Johnson (followed by Tisha Campbell) as African-Am. singer Doris Troy; a preacher's daughter who sings in a church choir before being discovered by James Brown; filmed in 2012; longest-running black off-Broadway musical in history (until ?). Tina Howe (1937-), Painting Churches (South Street Theater, New York) (Feb. 8) (206 perf.); a painter helps her aging parents move out of their house while painting their portrait; stars Marian Seldes, Donald Moffatt, Frances Conroy. John Kander, Fred Ebb,and Terrence McNally (1938-), The Rink (musical) (Martin Beck Theatre, New York) (Feb. 9) (204 perf.); stars Liza Minnelli, Chita Rivera. Tony Kushner (1956-), La Fin de la Baleine: An Opera for the Apocalypse (Ohio Theater, New York). Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), Suburb of Babylon. Robert Lorick and Henry Krieger, The Tap Dance Kid (musical) (Broadhurst Theater) (Dec. 21) (699 perf.); based on Louise Fitzhugh's novel "Nobody's Family is Going to Change"; stars Hinton Battle and Adrian Lyne (1941-). David Mamet (1947-), Glengarry Glenn Ross (Cottesloe Theatre, London) (Sept. 21) (John Golden Theatre, New York) (Mar. 25, 1984) (378 perf.) (Pulitzer Prize); the dog-eat-dog world of U.S. real estate sales; two days in the lives of sleazy Chicago real estate agents, who are trying to unload Glengarry Highlands while reminiscing about the good old days of Glen Ross Farms; stars Robert Prosky as Shelley Levene, J.T. Walsh as John Williamson, James Tolkan as Dave Moss, Mike Nussbaum as George Aaronow, Joe Mantegna as Richard Roma, and William L. Peterson as James Lingk; filmed in 1992. Richard Maltby Jr. (1937-), Sybille Pearson, and David Shire (1937-), Baby (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York) (Dec. 4) (241 perf.); based on a story by Susan Yankowitz about three couples each expecting a child: Liz and Danny, Pam and Nick, Arlene and Alan; stars Beth Fowler. Arthur Miller (1915-2005), Two-Way Mirror; incl. Elegy for a Lady, and Some Kind of Love Story. Marsha Norman (1947-), 'Night, Mother (Golden Theatre, New York) (Mar. 31) (380 perf.) (Pulitzer Prize); divorced mother Thelma Cates (Kathy Bates) and overweight daughter Jessie (Anne Pitoniak), who announces her intention of committing suicide. Ronald Ribman (1932-), Buck (Am. Place Theater, New York); a cable co. makes bucks by reenacting murders with bum and ho street actors. Willy Russell (1947-), Blood Brothers (musical) (Lyric Theatre, West End, Lndon) (Apr. 11) (Albery Theatre, West End, London) (July 28, 1988) (10,013 perf.) (Music Box Theatre, New York) (Apr. 25, 1993) (840 perf.); fraternal twins Michael "Mickey" Johnstone and Edward "Eddie" Lyons are separated from poor Mrs. Johnstone at birth after Eddie is adopted by a wealthy family headed by her employer Mrs. Jennifer Lyons; stars Barbara Dickson as Mrs. Johnstone, George Costigan as Mickey, Andrew C. Wadsworth as Eddie, and Andrew Scholfield as the narrator; #1 English musical of the year; features the songs Bright New Day, Easy Terms, I'm Not Saying a Word, Kids Game, Light Romance/Madman, Long Sunday Afternoon, Marilyn Monroe, Marilyn Monroe 2, Marilyn Monroe 3, My Child, Shoes Upon the Table, Summer Sequence, Take A Letter Miss Jones, That Guy. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), From Okra to Greens/ A Different Kinda Love Story. Sam Shepard (1943-), Fool for Love (Magic Theatre, San Francisco) (Feb. 9) (Circle Repertory Theater, New York) (May 26) (Douglas Fairbanks Theatre, New York) (Nov. 30) (1,000 perf.); half-sibling lovers Eddie (Ed Harris) and May (Kathy Baker) in Mojave Desert in the Old West; filmed in 1985 by Robert Altman starring Shepard and Kim Basinger. Neil Simon (1927-2018), Brighton Beach Memoirs (Curran Theatre, San Francisco) (Feb. 2) (Alvin Theatre, New York) (Mar. 27) (46th Street Theatre, New York) (May 11, 1986) (1,299 perf.); Russian-Jewish aspiring teenie writer Eugene Morris Jerome (Matthew Broderick) comes of age in 1937 with his brother Stanley, parents Kate and Jack, Kate's sister Blanche (Joyce Van Patten), and her two daughters Nora and Laurie, and gets feelings for cousin Nora. Stephen Sondheim (1930-) and James Lapine (1949-), Sunday in the Park with George (musical) (Booth Theatre, New York) (May 2) (540 perf.); stars Mandy Patinkin as French painter Georges Seurat. Peter Stone (1930-2003), Timothy S. Mayer, George Gershwin (1898-1937), and Ira Gershwin (1896-1983), My One and Only (St. James Theater, New York) (May 1) (762 perf.); stars Tommy Tune, Twiggy, Charles "Honi" Coles. Susan Townsend (1946-), Ken Howard, and Olive Blakeley, The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13-3/4 (Wyndham's Theatre, London) (Dec. 12). Martin Walser (1927-), Swan Villa; The Unicorn; Beyond All Love. Wendy Wasserstein (1950-2006), Isn't It Romantic (Playwrights Horizon Theater, New York) (Dec. 15) (233 perf.); aspiring Jewish writer Janie Blumberg and her blonde gentile childhood friend Harriet Cornwall, and Harriet's divorced business exec mother Lillian, who answers her question about "what the women's magazines call having it all" with "Harriet, that's just your generation's fantasy"; stars Lisa Banes, Betty Comden, and Chip Zien. Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-) and Sir Richard Stilgoe (1943-), Starlight Express (musical) (Apollo Victoria Theatre, West End, London) (Mar. 27) (7,406 perf.) (Gershwin Theatre, New York) (Mar. 15, 1987) (761 perf.); actors perform on roller skates; choreography by Arlene Phillips; Rusty the Steam Train attempts to become the Fastest Engine in the World, inspired by the legend of you know what, winning the first-class girl coach Pearl's heart; stars Stephanie Lawrence, Francis Ruffelle, Jeff Shankley, Jeffrey Daniel, and Ray Shell; debuts in Germany, becoming their #1 musical (until ?). Patrick White (1912-90), Netherwood. Hugh Williams, Pack of Lies (Lyric Theatre, London) (Oct. 26); stars Mary Miller, Frank Windsor. Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Lake Effect Country. Maya Angelou (1928-), Shaker, Why Don't You Sing? (Feb. 12); incl. Caged Bird ("The caged bird sings/ with a fearful trill/ of things unknown/ but longed for still/ and his tune is heard/ on the distant hill/ for the caged bird/ sings of freedom"), Family Affairs. James Baldwin (1924-87), Jimmy's Blues. Frank Bidart (1939-), The Sacrifice; incl. "The War of Vaslav Nijinsky". Turner Cassity (1929-2009), Keys to Mayerling (June). Aime Cesaire (1913-2008), Collected Poetry. Amy Clampitt (1920-94), The Kingfisher (debut); "One of the most brilliant debuts in American history" (Edmund White); catapults her into the front rank of U.S. poets; The Summer Solstice; What the Light Was Like. Andrei Codrescu (1946-), Alien Candor: Selected Poems, 1970-1980; In America's Shoes. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), A Calendar 1984; Mirrors. Guy Davenport (1927-2005), Goldfinch Thistle Star; illustrations by Lachlan Stewart. Edward Dorn (1929-99), Captain Jack's Chaps - Houston/MLA. Rita Dove (1952-), The Museum (May); incl. "Parsley", claiming that Dominican Repub. dictator Rafael Trujillo ordered 20K blacks executed because they couldn't pronounce the r in "perejil", Spanish word for parsley. Alan Dugan (1923-2003), Poems Five: New and Collected Poems. Jorie Graham (1950-), Erosion. Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), Ragged Mountain Elegies. Joy Harjo (1951-), She Had Some Horses. John Hollander (1929-), Powers of Thirteen. Gayl Jones (1949-), The Hermit-Woman. Maurice Kenny (1929-), Wounds Beneath the Flesh: Fifteen Native American Poets. Bill Knott (1940-), Becos. Irving Layton (1912-2006), The Gucci Bag. Denise Levertov (1923-97), Poems 1960-1967. Audre Lorde (1934-92), Zami: A New Spelling of My Name: A Biomythography. William Matthews (1942-97), Good. Rod McKuen (1933-2015), The Sound of Solitude. W.S. Merwin (1927-), Opening the Hand. Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004), Three Poems; "The history of my stupidity would fill many volumes." Sharon Olds (1942-), Sharon Olds (1942-), The Dead and the Living; incl. "My Father's Breasts" ("the black charge of the heart within... the smell of cracked pepper and turned earth"), "Grandmother Love Poem" ("under the salt and pepper, she'd show me her true color... in the smoky light she would show me the pure black"), "Connoisseuse of Slugs" ("draw aside the ivy, breathe odor of the wall"), "The Sign of Saturn", The One Girl at the Boys' Party. Mary Oliver (1935-), American Primitive(Pulitzer Prize). Charles Olson (1910-70), The Maximus Poems (posth.). Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), This America. Linda Pastan (1932-), PM/AM: New and Selected Poems. Stanley Plumly (1939-), Summer Celestial. John Ross (1938-2011), Running Out of Coastlines. Alan Shapiro (1952-), The Courtesy. Charles Simic (1938-), Weather Forecast for Utopia and Vicinity: Poems 1967-1982. Louis Simpson (1923-), The Best Hour of the Night. Dave Smith (1942-), In the House of the Judge; Gray Soldiers. Gary Snyder, Axe Handles. James Tate (1943-), Constant Defender. David Wagoner (1926-), First Light. Derek Walcott (1930-), The Caribbean Poetry of Derek Walcott and the Art of Romare Bearden. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce. C.K. Williams (1936-), The Lark, the Thrush, and the Starling; Tar; "The first morning of Three Mile Island: those first disquieting, uncertain, mystifying hours." Novels: Peter Ackroyd (1949-), The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde; his last days in gay Paris. Alice Adams (1926-99), Molly's Dog (short stories). Renata Adler (1938-), Pitch Dark; a woman journalist has an affair with a married man while ruminating about writing a novel. Nelson Algren (1909-81), The Devil's Stocking (posth.); about Rubin "Hurricane" Carter and his hometown of Paterson, N.J., where Algren lived in 1975-80. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), Helliconia Summer; #2 in the Helliconia Trilogy. Paula Gunn Allen (1939-), The Woman Who Owned the Shadows; mixed-blood Native Am. woman gets strength from Spider Grandmother; no relation to Microsoft co-founder Paul Gardner Allen (1953-). Kingsley Amis (1922-95), Stanley and the Women; sexist London newspaper ad mgr. Stanley Duke, his ex-wife Nowell, new wife Susan, pshrink Trish Collings. Raymond Andrews (1934-91), Baby Sweet's. Isaac Asimov (1920-92), The Robots of Dawn. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Bluebeard's Egg (short stories); Murder in the Dark (short stories). Louis Auchincloss (1917-), Exit Lady Masham; Abigail Hill. Donald Barthelme (1931-89), Overnight to Many Distant Cities (short stories) (Nov. 22). Frederick Barthelme (1943-), Moon Deluxe (short stories); middle-aged men and their fading love lives. Ann Beattie (1947-), Secrets and Surprises (short stories) (Apr. 30). Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Worstward Ho; "So leastward on. So long as dim still. Dim undimmed. Or dimmed to dimmer still. To dimmost dim. Leastmost in dimmost dim. Unworsenable worst." Thomas Berger (1924-), The Feud (June); the Bullards and the Beelers start a feud after a hardware store owner asks a customer to put out his cigar. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Der Untergeher (The Loser). Maeve Binchy (1940-), London Transports (short stories). William Peter Blatty (1928-), Legion; sequel to "The Exorcist" (1971); filmed in 1990. Heinrich Boll (1917-85), Die Verwundung (The Casualty). Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), La Memoria de Shakespeare (short stories). Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), Les Serpents. David Brin (1950-), Startide Rising; Uplift #2. Anita Brookner (1928-), Look at Me. John Brunner (1934-95), The Crucible of Time; about an alien species trying to survive a cloud of interstellar debris. Robert Olen Butler (1945-), Countrymen of Bones; Vietnam War Trilogy #3. Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Mysteries of Motion. Philip Caputo (1941-), Delcorso's Gallery. John le Carre (1931-2020), The Little Drummer Girl; English actress becomes double agent in the Middle East. Raymond Carver (1938-88), Cathedral (short stories). David Caute (1936-), The K-Factor. J.M. Coetzee (1940-), Life and Times of Michael K; hare-lipped gardener Michael K. Jackie Collins (1937-), Hollywood Wives; sells 15M copies and makes her as big a star as her sister Joan Collins. Richard Condon (1915-96), A Trembling Upon Rome. Robin Cook (1940-), Godplayer; psychiatrist Cassandra Kinsley marries the egotistical top heart surgeon at the hospital. William Cooper (1910-2002), Scenes from Later Life. Robert Coover (1932-), In Bed One Night & Other Brief Encounters. Robert Cormier (1925-2000), The Bumblebee Flies Away. Clive Cussler (1931-), Pacific Vortex! (Jan.); Dirk Pitt #6 (first one written). Len Deighton (1929-), Berlin Game; British spy Robert Whitfield defects to the West with the help of veteran British agent Bernard Samson. R.B. Dominic, Unexpected Developments (A Flaw in the System); Benton Safford #7. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), Leila; sequel to "The Destinies of Darcy Dancer" (1977). Allen Drury (1918-98), Decision (Aug.); the U.S. Supreme Court takes on a murder case. Andre Dubus (1936-99), The Times Are Never So Bad (short stories). Lawrence Durrell (1912-90), Sebastian, or Ruling Passions; George Alec Effinger (1947-2002), Idle Pleasures (short stories). Nora Ephron (1941-), Heartburn; inspired by her hubby Carl Bernstein of Watergate fame, who married her in 1976 then was caught hooking up with British politician Margaret Jay whe was in her 7th mo. of pregnancy, and whom she claims is "capable of having sex with a venetian blind"; "The most unfair thing about this whole business is that I can't even date"; Carl gets a court order that she could never again write about him or their children; filmed in 1986. Ken Follett (1949-), On Wings of Eagles; bestseller about the EDS rescue mission in Iran, based on personal interviews with the rescue team. Lacey Fosburgh (1942-93), Old Money; autobio. novel about growing up in a wealthy troubled family. Janet Frame (1924-2004), You Are Now Entering the Human Heart (short stories). Sheila Fugard (1932-), A Revolutionary Woman. Alan Furst (1941-), Shadow Trade. Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893-1973), Il Palazzo degli Ori (The Golden Palace) (posth.). Ernest J. Gaines (1933-), A Gathering of Old Men; a sheriff hears a group of aging black men who each confess to murder. George Garrett (1929-2008), The Succession: A Novel of Elizabeth and James. Barry Gifford (1946-), Unfortunate Woman. Rebecca Goldstein (1950-), The Mind-Body Problem (Mar. 1) (debut); Renee Feuer. William Goyen (1915-83), Arcadio; a hermaphrodite's swan song. Joanne Greenberg (1932-), The Far Side of Victory (Oct.). Richard Grenier (1933-2002), The Marrakesh One-Two; a Hollywood producer learns not to try to make a movie about Prophet Muhammad; "Mohammed struck me as a kind of a gamey figure for a religious leader, I mean for a man God spoke to personally. I didn't know what to make of him really, sort of a blend of Saint Teresa of Avila, Jane Addams of Hull House, William the Conqueror, and Casanova... And either Mohammed is plagiarizing the Bible like mad and is a hysterical plagiarist or it's one hell of a coincidence." Peter Handke (1942-), Der Chinese des Schmerzes (The Chinaman of Pain). Barry Hannah (1942-), The Tennis Handsome; Captain Maximus. Ron Hansen (1947-), The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford; filmed in 2006 by Andrew Dominik starring Brad Pitt. Mark Helprin (1947-), Winter's Tale; illegal immigrant murderer Peter Lake operates machines that runs a mythic New York City around 1900. George V. Higgins (1939-99), A Choice of Enemies (Dec. 12). Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), People Who Knock on the Door; Arthur's father becomes a Bible-thumping Christian, tearing the family apart. Oscar Hijuelos (1951-), Our House in the Last World (first novel). Susan Hill (1942-), The Woman in Black: A Ghost Story (Oct. 10); a female ghost haunts a small English town heralding the death of children; turned into a play in 1987 by Stephen Mallatratt, which becomes the 2nd longest-running play in the West End after "The Mousetrap"; filmed in 1989 and 2012. Rolando Hinojosa (1929-), The Valley. Russell Hoban (1925-), Pilgermann; adulterous Medieval Jew becomes a Christian and makes a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Janette Turner Hospital (1942-), The Tiger in the Tiger Pit; title from a T.S. Eliot poem; retired school principal Edward Carpenter in 1990 small town Mass. Keri Hulme, The Bone People; one-eighth Maori Kerewin Holmes. Rachel Ingalls (1940-), Mrs. Caliban; depressed Calif. housewife has affair with Larry, a 6'7" creature AKA Aquarius the Monsterman. Clifford Irving (1930-), The Angel of Zin. Clifford Irving (1930-) and Herbert Burkholz (1933-2006), The Sleeping Spy. Denis Johnson (1949-), Angels (first novel); runaway wife Jamie Mays and ex-con Bill Houston on a Greyhound Bus. Molly Keane (1905-96), Time After Time; four oldsters are left the Durraghglass family estate near Cork, Ireland. William Joseph Kennedy (1928-), Ironweed (Pulitzer Prize); retired ML pitcher Francis Phelan in Depression Era Albany, N.Y. and his alcoholic babe. Jamaica Kincaid, At the Bottom of the River. Stephen King (1947-), Christine; a demon-possessed red 1958 Plymouth Fury in Monroeville, Penn., site of the 1978 film "Dawn of the Dead"; filmed in 1983; Pet Sematary; filmed in 1989; Dr. Louis Creed moves from Chicago to rural Maine, across from a pet cemetery created by local children; when the family cat is killed, he learns about an ancient Indian burial ground deeper in the woods. Dean Koontz (1945-), Phantoms. Anne Lamott (1954-), Rosie; Elizabeth Ferguson and her daughter Rosie. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Stick; an ex-con tries to go straight but is tempted by a revenge scam; LaBrava; ex-Secret Service agent Joe LaBrava and ex-movie queen Jean Shaw. Doris Lessing (1919-2013), The Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire. James Lipton (1926-), Mirrors; the Gypsy world of Broadway dancers. Gordon Lish (1934-), Dear Mr. Capote (first novel); a serial killer wants Capote to write his biography. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Floodgate; an Irish terrorist group floods Amsterdam Airport. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), The Journey of Ibn Fattouma; The Day the Leader Was Killed; a man kills his boss the same day that Anwar Sadat is assassinated. Bernard Malamud (1914-86), The Stories of Bernard Malamud (short stories). Paule Marshall (1929-), Reena and Other Stories; Praisesong for the Widow; African-Am. widow Avey Johnson of New York City goes to Carriacou Island gets out of her whitey funk after seeing black women dance. Armistead Maupin Jr., Babycakes; one of the first novels to deal with AIDS. Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Fletch and the Man Who. Larry McMurtry (1936-), Desert Rose; Las Vegas showgirl Harmony. James A. Michener (1907-97), Poland. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Entry into Jerusalem. Brian Moore (1921-99), Cold Heaven; Marie's hubby Dr. Alex Davenport dies in a boating accident as she is planning to leave him for another man. Mary Morris (1947-), Crossroads. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Rumpole and the Golden Thread. Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), Saladin in His Time. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), Treason's Harbour; Aubrey-Maturin #9. Kenzaburo Oe (1935-), Rouse Up O Young Men of the New Age (Awake, New Man) (Atarashii Hito Yo Mezame Yo). Cynthia Ozick (1928-), The Cannibal Galaxy; Jewish child Joseph Brill survives WWII in a French convent then becomes a failed U.S. astronomer. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), The Widening Gyre; Spenser #10. Francine Pascal (1938-), Sweet Valley High; a series of 152 teenie books written by ghostwriters with her as ed., about teenie twins Jessica and Elizabeth Wakefield of Sweet Valley, Calif.; the fans keep reading into their adult years. Harry Mark Petrakis (1923-), Days of Vengeance. Frederik Pohl (1919-) and Jack Williamson (1908-2006), Wall Around a Star; #2 of 2 in the Saga of Cuckoo series (1975). Terry Pratchett (1948-), The Colour of Magic; first in the Discworld series, which makes him the bestselling author in the U.K. in the 1990s (50M+ books); a flat disk sitting on the back of four elephants who stand on a giant turtle, home to inept wizard Rincewind and Twoflower the tourist. Reynolds Price (1933-), Mustian. Richard Price (1949-), The Breaks. V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), More Collected Stories. Francine Prose (1947-), Hungry Hearts (short stories). John Rechy (1934-), Bodies and Souls; Los Angeles, "the most spiritual and physical of cities". Judith Rossner (1935-2005), August; a New York woman psychologist and her woman patient. Philip Roth (1933-2018), The Anatomy Lesson; 40-y.-o. Nathan Zuckerman comes down with a mysterious affliction. Salman Rushdie (1947-), Shame; really "sharam"; Omar Khayyam Shakil doesn't know which of three sisters is his mother. Joanna Russ (1937-2011), The Zanzibar Cat (short stories). Nawal El Saadawi (1931-), Memoirs from the Women's Prison. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Un Orage Immobile. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Seduction of Peter S.; Broadway actor Peter Scuro tries to turn woman's oldest profession into a new form of theater. Thomas Savage (1915-), For Mary, With Love; schemer Mary Skoning has a great fall. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), A Daughter's Geography. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), The Lost Flying Boat. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), The Penitent; Holocaust survivor Joseph Shapiro forsakes his faith. John Thomas Sladek (1937-2000), Roderick at Random: The Further Education of a Young Machine; Tik-Tok; a robot with "Asimov circuits". Lee Smith (1944-), Oral History; the Southern-Am. Cantrell family. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Blue Pastoral; Serge "Blue" Gavotte quits his job, mounts a piano on a pushcart and heads off with his wife and kid in a search across America for the "Perfect Musical Phrase". LaVyrle Spencer (1943-), Hummingbird (Jan. 15); Abigail McKenzie is courted by a bandit and a gentleman; A Promise to Cherish; Lee Walker falls for her boss. Norman Spinrad (1940-), The Void Captain's Tale; the Second Starfaring Age; followed by "Child of Fortune" (1985). Danielle Steel (1947-), A Perfect Stranger; Raphaella Phillips and John Henry; Thurston House; Jeremiah Thurston and his daughter Sabrino in earthquake-era San Fran; Changes; Melanie Adams falls for heart surgeon Peter Hallam. Steve Stern (1947-), Isaac and the Undertaker's Daughter (short stories) (debut); Jewish magic realism. Whitley Strieber (1945-), The Night Church (June); a Satanist conspiracy to rule the world. Graham Swift (1949-), Waterland; 52-y.-o. history master Tom Crick in The Fens of East Anglia; filmed in 1992. Walter Tevis (1928-84), The Queen's Gambit; chess prodigy Beth Harman struggles with tranquilizer and alcohol addiction and isolation while rising through the Grandmaster ranks; The Steps of the Sun. Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), Ararat. Sue Townsend (1946-), The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13-3/4 (Oct. 7); bestseller; first in a series. Rose Tremain (1943-), The Colonel's Daughter and Other Stories. William Trevor (1928-), Fools of Fortune; young love in 1918 Ireland. Jack Vance (1916-2013), Lyonesse; first in the Lyonesse Trilogy ("The Green Pearl", 1985, "Madouc", 1989). Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Duluth; Rosemary Klein Kantor and excesses of Am. mass culture. Peter De Vries (1910-93), Slouching Towards Kalamazoo; Anthony Thrasher in 1963 N.D. gets a tutor who becomes his "modern Hester Prynne"; "Once terms like identity doubts and midlife crisis become current, the reported cases of them increase by leaps and bounds"; "Rapid-fire means of communication have brought psychic dilapidation within the reach of the most provincial backwaters, so that large metropolitan centers and educated circles need no longer consider it their exclusive property, nor preen themselves on their special malaises." Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Seventh Secret; Oxford don Sir Harrison Ashcroft proves that Hitler didn't die in his bunker and left a child. Joseph Wambaugh (1937-), The Delta Star; Det. Mario Villalobos of Rampart Station on the case of murdered ho Missy Moonbean. Fay Weldon (1931-), The Life and Loves of a She-Devil; ugly Ruth loses her hubby Bobbo to hot babe Mary Fisher, and gets revenge. John Edgar Wideman (1941-), Sent For You Yesterday; #3 in the Homewood Trilogy; black writer Albert Wilkes returns to Homewood on the East End after seven years on the run. Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), Scandal; Gentlemen in England. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Right Where You Are Sitting Now. Births: Am. "The Horse Whisperer", "Blue Crush" actress Catherine Anne "Kate" Bosworth on Jan. 2 in Los Angeles, Calif.; eyes are different colors, right hazel-blue and left blue. Am. musician Spencer Chamberlain (Underoath) on Jan. 4 in Chapel Hill, N.C.; brother of Phil Chamberlain. North Korean dictator (2011-) Kim Jong-un (Jong-woon) (Jung-woon) on Jan. 3; 3rd and youngest son of Kim Jong-il (1941-2011). Am. wrestler Chris "the Masterpiece" Masters (Christopher Todd Mordetzky) on Jan. 8 in Santa Monica, Calif. Canadian R&B singer Shawn Desman (Shawn Bosco Fernandes) on Jan. 12 in Toronto, Ont.; of Portuguese and Italian descent; brother of Danny Fernandes (1985-). Am. physician Leana Sheryle Wen (nee Wen Linyan) on Jan. 27 in Shanghai, China;immigrates to the U.S. at age 8; educated at Cal. State U. Los Angeles, Washington U., and Merton College, Oxford U. Am. country singer Eric Thomas Paslay on Jan. 29 in Abilene, Tex.; educated at Middle Tenn. State U. Am. "Liz Miller in Saved by the Bell: The New Class" actress Ashley Lyn Tesoro (Cafagna) on Feb. 15 in Iowa City, Iowa. English model-actress-singer Agyness Deyn (Laura Hollins) on Feb. 16 in Failsworth, Oldham, Greater Manchester. Finnish hockey forward Tuomo Iisakki Ruutu on Feb. 16 in Vantaa; brother of Jarkko Ruutu (1975-). Am. baseball pitcher (Detroit Tigers, 2005-17), Houston Astros #35, 2017-) Justin Brooks Verlander on Feb. 20 in Goochland County, Va.; husband (2017-) of Kate Upton (1992-). French "Inglourious Basterds" actress (Jewish)Melanie (Mélanie) Laurent on Feb. 21 in Paris. Am. porno actress Penny Flame (Jennifer Ketcham) on Feb. 22 in Aurora, Colo. Am. "Human Giant", "Parks and Recreation" actor-comedian-writer (Muslim) Aziz Ansari on Feb. 23 in Columbia, S.C.; Indian Muslim immigrant parents. English "Emily Charlton in The Devil Wears Prada", "Queen Victoria in The Young Victoria", "Sgt. Rita Vrataski in Edge of Tomorrow" actress Emily Olivia Leah Blunt on Feb. 23 in Wandsworth, London; stutterer in her youth; wife (2010-) of John Krasinski (1979-); sister-in-law of Stanley Tucci; becomes U.S. citizen in Aug. 2015. Am. 6'3" basketball player (black) (New Jersey Nets #34, 2008-) Devin Harris on Feb. 27 in Milwaukee, Wisc.; educated at the U. of Wisc. Am. "Zoe Barnes in House of Cards", "Sue Storm the Invisible Woman in Fantastic Four", "Megan Leavey" actress Katherine "Kate" Rooney Mara on Feb. 27 in Bedford, N.Y.; paternal granddaughter of Wellington Mara (1916-2005); grandniece of Dan Rooney (1932-2017); niece of Art Rooney II (1952-); wife (2017-) of Jamie Bell (1986-). English actress Hayley Angel Wardle on Feb. 27 in London; daughter of Jah Wobble (1958-). Kenyan-Mexican "Patsey in 12 Years a Slave" actress (black) Lupita Amondi Nyong'o on Mar. 1 in Mexico City; of Luo descent. English singer Katie Rebecca White (Ting Tings) on Mar. 3 in Lowton, Greater Manchester. Am. 6'1" soccer player Clinton Drew "Clint" "Deuce" Dempsey on Mar. 9 in Nacogdoches, Tex. Am. "Jesus, Take the Wheel", "American Idol #4" country singer (Christian) (vegan) Carrie Marie Underwood on Mar. 10 in Muskogee, Okla.; grows up in Checotah, Okla. Am. celeb ("The Bachelor" season #13, "Dancing with the Stars" season #8) Melissa Katherine Rycroft (Rycroft-Strickland) on Mar. 11 in Dallas, Tex. Am. singer-musician Jordan Taylor Hanson (Hanson) on Mar. 14 in Tulsa, Okla. Scottish "Oliver Wood in Harry Potter" actor Sean Biggerstaff on Mar. 15 in Glasgow. Am. "Kindergarten Cop" actress Emily Ann Lloyd (Morelli) on Mar. 27 in Glendale, Calif. English "Ajax in Deadpool" actor-rapper Edward George "Ed" Skrein on Mar. 29 in Camden, London; Austrian Jewish ancestry. Am. football player (black) (Washington Redskins #21, 2004-7) Sean Michael Maurice Taylor (d. 2007) on Apr. 1 in Miami, Fla.; nicknamed "Meast" (half man, half beast). Am. 5'11" baseball 1B player (Pittsburgh Pirates, 2007-11) (Boston Red Sox #25, 2018-) Steven Wayne "Steve" Pearce on Apr. 13 in Lakeland, Fla.; educated at Indian River Community College, and U. of S.C.; 2nd player after Kelly Johnson to play for every team in the AL East. Am. 6'6" football wide receiver (Jacksonville Jaguars #18, 2005-8) Matthew "Matt" Jones on Apr. 22 in Fort Smith, Ark. Am. Reddit co-founder Alexis Kerry Ohanian Sr. on Apr. 24 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Armenian descent father, German immigrant mother; educated at the U. of Vs. Am. ML baseball 3B player (St. Louis Cardinals #23, 2009-) David Richard Freese on Apr. 28 in Corpus Christi, Tex. Am. "Elizabeth Keen in The Blacklist" actress Megan Boone on Apr. 29 in Petoskey, Mich.; educated at Fla. State U. Am. 6'3" football QB (Denver Broncos, 2006-8) (Chicago Bears #6, 2009-) Jay Christopher Cutler on Apr. 29 in Santa Claus, Ind. French swimmer Alain "the Horse" Bernard on May 1 in Aubagne, Bouches-du-Rhone. English "Superman in Man of Steel" actor Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill on May 5 in in Saint Saviour, Jersey. Am. "Tyra Collette in Friday Night Lights", "Mrs. Perkins in John Wick" actress Adrianne Lee Palicki on May 6 in Toledo, Ohio. English "Walter O'Brien in Scorpion" actor Elyes Cherif Gabel on May 8 in Westminster, London. Am. 6'5" football QB (Arizona Cardinals, 2006-9) (Houston Texans, 2010-) Matthew Stephen "Matt" Leinart on May 11 in Santa Ana, Calif. Am. 5'9" football RB (black) (San Francisco 49ers #21, 2005-14) Franklin "Frank" Gore on May 14 in Miami, Fla.; educated at the U. of Miami. Mexican "Mia Colucci in Rebelde" actress-singer Anahi Giovanna Puente Portilla on May 14 in Mexico City. Am. ""Joan Girardi in Joan of Arcadia", Tibby Tomko-Rollins in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants", "Emily Bowen-Quartermaine in General Hospital" actress Amber Rose Tamblyn on May 14 in Santa Monica, Calif.; daughter of Russ Tambyn (1934-) and Bonnie Tamblyn. Lebanese singer Nancy Nabil Ajram on May 16 in Beirut. Am. 6'5" football QB (black) (Tenn. Titans #10, 2006-) Vincent Paul "Vince" Young Jr. on May 18 in Houston, Tex.; educated at the U. of Tex. Am. comedian (black) Michael Che Campbell on May 19 in Manhattan, N.Y. ; named after Che Guevara. English singer-songwriter Heidi India Range (Subarbabes, Atomic Kitten) on May 23 in Liverpool. Am. actor-rapper (black) Big Tyme on May 24. Am. "Nicole Palmer in 24", "Dr. Tara Price in CSI: Miami" actress (black) Megalyn Ann Echikunwoke on May 28 in Spokane, Wash.; Nigerian father, white Am. mother. English-Am. "Reid Garwin in The Covenant" actor Toby Hemingway on May 28 in Brighton, England; grows up in Ojai, Calif. English "Emily Shadwick in Brookside" actress-model-singer Jennifer Lesley Ellison on May 30 in Liverpool. Am. "Am. Idol season #7" singer David Anthony Hernandez on May 31 Phoenix, Ariz. Dutch "Luv in Blade Runner 2049" actress Sylvia Gertrudis Martyna Hoeks on June 1 in Maarheeze, Noord-Brabant. Am. "Am. Idol season #7" singer-songwriter Brooke Elizabeth White on June 2 in Phoenix, Ariz. English "Clare Bates in EastEnders" actress Gemma Bissix on June 6 in Surrey. Belgian 5'8-1/2" tennis player Kim Antonie Lode Clijsters on June 8 in Bilzen; grows up in Bree, Limburg. Am. "Sarah Hotchner in Deep Impact" actress Liliane Rudabet Gloria Elsveta "Leelee" Sobieski on June 10 in New York City; educated at Brown U. French "The Dreamers" actor Louis Garrel on June 14 in Paris; son of Maurice Garrel (1948-). Am. 6'6" football QB (Cleveland Browns, 2005-9) (Arizona Cardinals #3, 2010) (Carolina Panthrs #3, 2011-17) Derek Matthew Anderson on June 15 in Scappoose, Ore.; not to be confused wwith basketball player Derek Anderson (1974-). Welsh actress-singer Connie Fisher on June 17 in Lisburn, Northern Ireland. Am. "Thrift Chart", "Can't Hold Us", "Same Love" singer Macklemore (Ben Haggerty) on June 19 in Seattle, Wash. English "The X Factor" actress-singer-songwriter Cheryl Ann "Tweedy" Cole on June 30 in Newcastle. Am. 'Chillin' It" country singer-songwriter Colden Rainey "Cole" Swindell on June 30 in Glennville, Ga.; educated at Ga. Southern U. Am. "Lily Finnerty in Grounded for Life" actress Lynsey Kathleen Bartilson on July 1 in Edina, Minn. Am. "The Spirit Room" singer-songwriter Michelle Jacquet DeSevren Branch (The Wreckers) on July 2 in Sedona, Ariz.; Irish father, Dutch Indonesian-French descent mother. Dominican baseball pitcher (Tex. Rangers, 2005-7, 2019-) (Cincinnati Reds, 2008-11) (Kansas City Royals #36, 2015-16) (black) Edinson Volquez (AKA Julio Reyes) on July 3 in Barahona. Am. bowler (lefty) <Ryan "Rhino" Page on July 10 in San Diego, Calif.; educated at the U. of Kan. Am. 5'10" baseball player (black) (Los Angeles Angels, 2006-14) (Los Angeles Dodgers, 2015-15) (Philadelphia Phillies, 2017) (Washington Nationals #47, 2017-) Howard Joseph "Howie" Kendrick II on July 12 in Jacksonville, Fla. Canadian 6'1" hockey player Duncan Keith on July 16 in Winnipeg, Man. Am. 6'4" football tight end (black) (Cleveland Browns #80, 2004-8) (Tampa Bay Bucaneers #82, 2009-11) Kellen Boswell Winslow II on July 21 in San Diego, Calif.; son of Kellen Winslow Sr. (1957-); educated at the U. of Miami. Venezuelan pres. (2019-) Juan Gerardo Guaido Marquez (Guaidó Márquez) on July 28 in La Guaira; educated at Andres Bello Catholic U., and George Washington U. Australian bowler Jason Belmonte on July 29 in Orange, N.S.W.; known for his 2-handed shovel style. Am. feminist activist Jill Nicole Filipovic on Aug. 3; of Serbian descent; educated at NYU. Am. "Florence Marr in Greenberg", "Lady Bird" actress-filmmaker (Unitarian-Universalist) Greta Celeste Gerwig on Aug. 4 in Sacramento, Calif.; educated at Barnard College. South African model Reeva Rebecca Steenkamp (d. 2013) on Aug. 19 in Cape Town. Australian "Thor", "James Hunt in Rush" actor Chris Hemsworth on Aug. 11 in Melbourne. Am. baseball pitcher (lefty) (Oakland Athletics #51, 2007-) Dallas Lee Braden on Aug. 13 in Phoenix, Ariz. Romanian "Andrew in Black Swan", "James Buchanan Bucky Barnes in Captain America" actor Sebastian Stan on Aug. 13 in Constanta. British 5'9" tennis player Elena Baltacha (d. 2014) on Aug. 14 in Kiev, Ukraine; moves to the U.K. in 1989. Am. "Jackie Burkhart in That '70s Show" actress Milena Markovna "Mila" Kunis on Aug. 14 in Kiev, Ukraine; emigrates to the U.S. in 1991; partner (2002-10) of Macaulay Culkin (1980-); wife (2015-) of Ashton Kutcher (1978-). Am. "Winston in New Girl" actor (black) Lamorne Morris on Aug. 14 in Chicago, Ill. Lebanese-British "Blame It on the Girls" singer-songwriter (bi) Mika (Michael Holbrook Penniman) on Aug. 18 in Beirut; Am. father, Lebanese mother; grows up in France and England; educated at Royal College of Music, London. Australian "Scar" singer-songwriter Melissa Morrison "Missy" Higgins on Aug. 19 in Melbourne, Victoria. South African model Reeva Rebecca Steenkamp (d. 2013) on Aug. 19 in Cape Town. British-Am. "Peter Parker in The Amazing Spider-Man", "Desmond T. Doss in Hacksaw Ridge", "Francisco Garupe in Silence" actor Andrew Russell Garfield on Aug. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif.; grows up in Epsom, Surrey, England; educated at the U. of London. Am. "Dirk in True Blood" actor Preston Jones IV on Aug. 21 in Dallas, Tex.; one of twins. English "Back to Black" R&B singer-songwriter (Jewish) Amy Jade Winehouse (d. 2011) on Sept. 14 in Southgate, London; known for the racist version of Heads, Shoulders, Knees and Toes (June, 2008). Am. country singer Desi Wasdin (3 of Hearts) on Sept. 17. Am. "Shannon Rutherford in Lost", "Kim Mills in Taken", "Alice in Malice in Wonderland" actress Margaret "Maggie" Grace Denig on Sept. 21 in Worthington, Ohio. Am. football cornerback (black) Adam Bernard "Pacman" Jones on Sept. 30 in Monroe, Ga.; nickname comes from his fast drinking of milk as a child. Am. "Walt Berkman in The Squid and the Whale", "Columbus in Zombieland" actor (Jewish) Jesse Adam Eisenberg on Oct. 5 in Queens, N.Y.; Polish-Ukrainian Jewish descent parents; educated at the New School. Am. hotel heiress Nicholai Olivia "Nicky" Hilton on Oct. 5 in New York City; daughter of Richard Hilton and Kathy Richards; named after her great-uncle Conrad "Nicky" Hilton, who was married to Liz Taylor; her great-grandfather was once married to Zsa Zsa Gabor; sister of Paris Hilton (1981-). Am. acquitted murderer George Michael Zimmerman on Oct. 5 in Manassas, Va.; German descent father, Peruvian immigrant mother (w/some African ancestry). Am. baseball pitcher (Kansas City Royals, 2004-10) (Houston Astros #21, 2019-) Donald Zachary "Zack" Greinke (pr. like grain key) on Oct. 21 in Orlando, Fla. Am. broadcast journalist (Jewish) Katharine Bear "Katy" Tur on Oct. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Zoey Tur and Marika Gerrard; educated at UCSB. USMC Cpl. Megan Leavey on Oct. 28 in Valley Cottage, N.Y. Am. prof. wrestler (black) (gay) (first to come out, Aug. 14, 2013) Darren Young (Fredrick Douglas "Fred" Rosser) on Nov. 2 in Union, N.J. Am. 6'3" football linebacker (black) (Kansas City Chiefs #91, 2006-) Tamba Boimah Hali on Nov. 3 in Gbarnga, Liberia; becomes U.S. citizen in 2006. Kiwi "Percy Weasley in Harry Potter" actor Christopher William "Chris" Rankin on Nov. 8 in Auckland. Am. "The House That Built Me", "Gunpowder and Lead" country singer-songwriter Miranda Leigh Lambert-Shelton on Nov. 10 in Longview, Tex.; wife (2011-) of Blake Shelton (1976-). Spanish 6'2" tennis player Fernando Verdasco Carmona on Nov. 15 in Madrid. Am. "Eragon" novelist Christopher James Paolini on Nov. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Kylo Ren in Star Wars: The Force Awkakens" actor Adam Douglas Driver on Nov. 19 in Fontana (near San Diego, Calif.); grows up in Mishawaka, Ind.; educated at the U. of Indianapolis, and Juilliard School. Am. 6' competitive eating champ Joseph Christian "Joey" "Jaws" Chestnut on Nov. 25 in Mission Vallejo, Calif. Am. Facebook co-founder (gay) Chris R. Hughes on Nov. 26 in Hickory, N.C.; educated at Phillips Academy, and Harvard U. Am. "Alex Dupre in One Tree Hill" actress and country singer Jana Rae Kramer on Dec. 2 in Detroit, Mich. Am. 6'2" football QB (Green Bay Packers #12, 2005-) Aaron Charles Rodgers on Dec. 2 in Chico, Calif.; educated at UCB. British "White Widow" Islamic terrorist (Muslim convert) Samantha Louise Lewthwaite on Dec. 5 in Banbridge, County Down, Northern Irelandl; wife of Germaine Maurice Lindsay (1985-2005). Am. "Pure Country 2: The Gift" country singer Katrina Ruth Elam on Dec. 12 in Bray, Okla. Am. "Grandma's Boy", "Evan Almighty" actor (Jewish) Jonah Hill (Feldstein) on Dec. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. Taiwanese-Am. fashion designer Alexander Wang on Dec. 26 in San Francisco, Calif.; Taiwanese-Am. parents. Am. "Annie Edison in Community", "Trudy Campbell in Mad Men" actress (Jewish) Alison Brie on Dec. 29 in Pasadena, Calif. Panamaian "Papi Chulo" rapper Lorna Zarina Aponte on ? in ?. French "Teenage Dream", "Back to December" dir.-musician Yoann Lemoine (Woodkid) on ? in ?. English anti-Islamist English Defence League leader Tommy Robinson (Stephen Yaxley-Lennon) on ? in Luton; Irish immigrant parents. Am. Turing Pharmaceuticals CEO Marin Shkreli on ? in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Albatian-Croatian immigrant parents; educated at Baruch College. Deaths: Am. jazz pianist-composer Eubie Blake (b. 1883) on Feb. 12 in Brooklyn, N.Y. - jazz cures arthritis? Am. jazz musician Eubie Blake (b. 1887) on Feb. 12 in Brooklyn, N.Y. British gen. Sir Alan Gordon Cunningham (b. 1887) on Jan. 30 in Royal Tunbridge Wells,Kent. Anglo-Am. stage actress Lynn Fontanne (b. 1887) on July 30 in Gennesee Depot, Wisc. (pneumonia). English conductor Sir Adrian Boult (b. 1889) on Feb. 22 in Farnham. Australian PM #15 (1945) Francis Michael Forde (b. 1890) on Jan. 28 in Brisbane. Libayan king #1 (1951-69) Idris I (b. 1890) on May 25 in Cairo, Egypt (exile). Am. Sun-Maid Raisin Girl Lorraine Collett Petersen (b. 1892) on Mar. 30 in Fresno, Calif. Am. actor William Demarest (b. 1892) on Dec. 28 in Palm Springs, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Felix the Cat" animator Otto Messmer (b. 1892) on Oct. 28 in Teaneck, N.J. (heart attack). French musician-composer Germaine Tailleferre (b. 1892) on Nov. 7. Irish-born British writer-journalist Dame Rebecca West (b. 1892) on Mar. 15 in London: "If the whole human race lay in one grave, the epitaph on its headstone might well be: 'It seemed a good idea at the time'"; "Those who foresee the future and recognize it as tragic are often seized by a madness which forces them to commit the very acts which makes it certain that what they dread shall happen"; "Any authentic work of art must start an argument between the artist and their audience." Spanish surrealist artist Joan Miro (b. 1893) on Dec. 25 in Palma, Majorca. English journalist Vernon Bartlett (b. 1894) on Jan. 18. English novelist Bryher (b. 1894) on Jan. 28. Am. FDR advisor Benjamin Victor Cohen (b. 1894) on Aug. 15 in Washington, D.C. English "The Primrose Path" actor-writer-producer-dir. Reginald Denham (b. 1894) on Feb. 4 in Englewood, N.J. (stroke). German Gen. Ulrich Kessler (b. 1894) on Mar. 27 in Bad Urach. Am. "The Jazz Singer" playwright Samson Raphaelson (b. 1894) on July 16 in New York City. Am. heavyweight boxing champ (1919-26) Jack Dempsey (b. 1895) on May 31 in New York City (heart failure). Am. Futurist designer R. Buckminster "Bucky" Fuller (b. 1895) on July 1 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack): "The more we learn the more we realize how little we know." Am. Chicago Bears football coach "Papa Bear" George Halas (b. 1895) on Oct. 31 in Chicago, Ill.; 324 wins and six titles in 1920-67, most in the NFL. Am. aviation pioneer Albert Francis Hegenberger (b. 1895) on Aug. 31 in Goldenrod, Fla. (pneumonia). French actor Pierre Richard-Willm (b. 1895) on Apr. 12 in Paris. German SS Gen. Udo von Woyrsch (b. 1895) on Jan. 14. Am. basketball coach Clair Francis Bee (b. 1896) on May 20. Am. "That's Entertainment" lyricist Howard Dietz (b. 1896) on July 30 in New York City (Parkinson's); inventor of the MGM trademark, based on the lion in his alma mater Columbia U. Am. lyricist Ira Gershwin (b. 1896) on Aug. 17 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Canadian "Abe Lincoln in Illinois" actor Raymond Massey (b. 1896) on July 29 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (pneumonia). Am. artist-critic Charmion Von Wiegand (b. 1896). Am. artist Ivan Albright (b. 1897) on Nov. 18 in Woodstock, N.Y. Am. Repub. politician Charles Phelps Taft II (b. 1897) on June 24. Am. electrical engineer (inventor of the negative feedback amplifier in 1927) Harold Stephen Black (b. 1898) on Dec. 11 in New York City. Am. Minneapolis Star and Tribune publisher John Cowles Sr. (b. 1898) on Feb. 25 in Minneapolis, Minn. Am. "The True Believer" writer Eric Hoffer (b. 1898) on May 21 in San Francisco, Calif. Italian economist Piero Sraffa (b. 1898) on Sept. 3 in Cambridge, England. Am. conductor-cellist Alfred Wallenstein (b. 1898) on Feb. 8 in New York City. French "Moulin Rouge" composer Georges Auric (b. 1899) on July 23. French Resistance leader and PM (1949-50) Gen. Georges-Augustin Bidault (b. 1899) on Jan. 26/27 in Cambo-les-Bains (stroke). Belgian cell biology founder Albert Claude (b. 1899) on May 22 in Brussels; 1974 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. "Gone With the Wind" film dir. George Cukor (b. 1899) on Jan. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure). Am. economist Elgin Groseclose (b. 1899). French mathematician Szolem Mandelbrojt (b. 1899). Am. "Kute Rockne, All American" actor Pat O'Brien (b. 1899) on Oct. 15 in Santa Monica, Calif. (heart attack). Am. actress Gloria Swanson (b. 1899) on Apr. 4 in New York City (heart failure). Am. diplomat Frances E. Willis (b. 1899). Thai PM #7 (1946) Pridi Banomyong (b. 1900) on May 2 in Paris, France (exile since 1947). Spanish film dir. Luis Bunuel (b. 1900) on July 29 in Mexico City (cirrhosis of the liver): "Repeat, over and over again, in case anyone forgets it or believes the contrary, that we do not live in the best of all possible worlds." Am. violinist-chemist (co-inventor of Kodachrome film) Leopold Godowsky Jr. (b. 1900) on Feb. 18 in New York City (heart attack). German novelist Anna Seghers (b. 1900) on June 1 in Berlin. Mexican pres. #46 (1946-52) Miguel Aleman Valdes (b. 1900) on May 14 in Mexico city. Am. "Micah Torrance in The Rifleman" actor Paul Fix (b. 1901) on Oct. 14 in Los Angeles, Calif. Belgian king (1934-51) Leopold III (b. 1901) on Sept. 25 in Woluwe-Saint-Lambert (near Brussels) (heart attack). Mexican pres. (1946-52) Miguel Aleman (b. 1902) on May 14 in Mexico City (heart attack). Am. historian Thomas Andrew Bailey (b. 1902) on July 26 in Menlo Park, Calif. Am. actor Eduard Franz (b. 1902) on Feb. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. Russian-born stateless crime boss (Murder, Inc. founder) Meyer Lansky (b. 1902) on Jan. 15 in Miami Beach, Fla. (lung cancer); he claims to be flat broke although the FBI claims he has $300M in hidden bank accounts: "We're bigger than U.S. Steel." Spanish architect Jose Luis Sert (b. 1902) on Mar. 15 in Barcelona. Belgian Liberal politician Jean Rey (b. 1902) on May 19 in Liege. English "Ulrich of Craggenmoor in Dragonslayer" actor Sir Ralph Richardson (b. 1902) on Oct. 10 in London (stroke). Canadian actress Norma Shearer (b. 1902) on June 12 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (bronchial pneumonia). Austrian actor Walter Slezak (b. 1902) on Apr. 21/22 in Flower Hill, N.Y. (suicide). Australian "The Man Who Loved Children" novelist Christina Stead (b. 1902) on Mar. 31 in Sydney. British composer Sir William Walton (b. 1902) on Mar. 8 in Ischia Island, Italy (heart failure). English art historian Sir Kenneth Clark (b. 1903) on May 21 in Hythe: "The great artist takes what he needs"; "Heroes don't often tolerate the company of other heroes"; "Lives devoted to Beauty seldom end well"; "I wonder if a single thought that has helped forward the human spirit has ever been conceived or written down in an enormous room." Belgian prince regent (1944-50) Prince Charles, count of Flanders (b. 1903) on June 1 in Ravesijde. Am. poet-novelist and dance critic Edwin Denby (b. 1903) on July 12 in Searsmont, Maine (suicide). Am. country singer Cliff Carlisle (b. 1903) on Apr. 5 in Lexington, Ky. Am. TV-radio host Arthur Godfrey (b. 1903) on Mar. 17 in New York City (emphysema). Am. physiologist Haldan Keffer Hartline (b. 1903) on Mar. 17; 1967 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. jazz pianist Earl "Fatha" Hines (b. 1903) on Apr. 22 in Oakland, Calif. (heart attack). Soviet pres. (1965-77) Nikolai Podgorny (b. 1903) on Jan. 11/12 in Kiev, Ukraine (cancer). Am. hall-of-fame bowler J. Elmer Reed (b. 1903) on Dec. 27 in Aurora, Ohio. English economist Joan Robinson (b. 1903) on Aug. 5 in Cambridge. Russian-born Am. ballet impresario George Balanchine (b. 1904) on Apr. 30 in New York City (Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease). English ballet dancer-choreographer Sir Anton Dolin (b. 1904) on Nov. 25 in Paris (heart attack). Am. actor Harry Keaton (b. 1904) on May 20 in San Diego, Calif. Am. actress Marian Nixon (b. 1904) on Feb. 13 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart surgery). Am. actress Selena Royle (b. 1904) on Apr. 23 in Guadalajara, Mexico. Italian exiled king (for 26 days in 1946) Umberto II (b. 1904) on Mar. 18 in Geneva, Switzerland (cancer). French philosopher Raymond Aron (b. 1905) on Oct. 17 in Paris (heart attack). Hungarian-born brainy British "Darkness at Noon" writer Arthur Koestler (b. 1905) on Mar. 3 in London (OD) (suicide pact with his wife Cynthia) (murder?). English novelist Mary Renault (b. 1905) on Dec. 13 in Cape Town, South Africa (bronchial pneumonia). Mexican actress Dolores del Rio (b. 1905) on Apr. 11 in Newport Beach, Calif. English economist Sir Roy Allen (b. 1906) on Sept. 29 in Southwold, Suffolk. Am. football-basketball coach Rip Engle (b. 1906) on Mar. 7 in Bellefonte, Penn. English "How Green Was My Valley" novelist Richard Llewllyn (b. 1906) on Nov. 30 in Dublin, Ireland (heart attack). German Nazi doctor Horst Schumann (b. 1906) on May 5 in Frankfurt am Main, West Germany; dies 11 years after being freed for a heart condition. German test pilot Erich Warsitz (b. 1906) on July 12 in Lugano, Switzerland (stroke). British spy Sir Anthony Frederick Blunt (b. 1907). Belgian cartoonist Herge (b. 1907) on Mar. 3 in Woluwe-Saint-Lamberg (cardiac arrest). Am. Tupperware inventor (1946) Earl Silas Tupper (b. 1907) on Oct. 5 in San Jose, Costa Rica; dies after selling his co. in 1958 and giving up U.S. citizenship in 1973 to avoid taxes, then buying an island in Central Am.; his patent expires this year. Am. "Flash Gordon" actor-swimmer Buster Crabbe (b. 1908) on Apr. 23 in Scottsdale, Ariz. (heart attack). Am. mayor #72 of Albany, N.Y. (1942-83) Erastus Corning 2nd (b. 1909) on May 28 in Boston, Mass. (heart failure). Am. novelist John Fante (b. 1909) on May 8 in Los Angeles, Calif. Canadian "The Tin Flute" novelist Gabrielle Roy (b. 1909) on July 13 in Quebec. Canadian actor Rod Cameron (b. 1910) on Dec. 21 in Gainesville, Ga. Australian writer Alan Moorehead (b. 1910) on Sept. 29 in London. English actor David Niven (b. 1910) on July 29 in Chateau-d'Oex, Switzerland (Lou Gehrig's disease): "He's a very very bad actor but he absolutely loves doing it" (talking about himself). Belgian ex-king Leopold III (b. 1910) on Sept. 25. Australian journalist Wilfred Graham Burchett (b. 1911) on Sept. 17 in Sofia, Bulgaria (liver cancer); "There is probably no other man who was on intimate terms with Ho Chi Minh and Henry Kissinger" (Harrison E. Salisbury). Am. actor Doodles Weaver (b. 1911) on Jan. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. (suicide). Am. "A Streetcar Named Desire", "The Glass Menagerie", "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" playwright Tennessee Williams (b. 1911) on Feb. 25 in New York City (chokes on a bottle cap in the Hotel Elysee): "If people behaved in the way nations do they would all be put in straitjackets." U.S. Sen. (D-Wash.) (1941-83) Henry Martin "Scoop" Jackson (b. 1912) on Sept. 1 in Everett, Wash. Am. football coach Paul "Bear" Bryant (b. 1913) on Jan. 26 in Tuscaloosa, Ala. (heart attack); 323 Vs incl. 15 in bowl games in 1958-82. Am. actress-singer Judy Canova (b. 1913) on Aug. 5 in Hollywood, Calif. (cancer). English spy Donald Duarte Maclean (b. 1913) on Mar. 6 in Moscow. Am. "Wagon Train" composer Jerome Moross (b. 1913) on July 25 in Miami, Fla. (congestive heart failure). Am. singer-guitarist and Blues founder Muddy Waters (b. 1913) on Apr. 30 in Westmont, Ill. (lung cancer). U.S. Rep. (D-Vt.) (1959-61) William Henry Meyer (b. 1914) on Dec. 16 in West Rupert, Vt. Am. molecular biologist Sol Spiegelman (b. 1914) on Jan. 20 in Columbia, N.Y. Am. "Everybody Loves Somebody" composer-lyricist Irving Taylor (b. 1914) on Dec. 3 in Westlake Village, Los Angeles, Calif. Am. economist Sidney Weintraub (b. 1914) on June 19. Am. baseball hall-of-fame player Earl Averill (b. 1915) on Aug. 16 in Everett, Wash. Am. novelist William Goyen (b. 1915) on Aug. 30 (leukemia): "God knows we need someone to tell us the human is beautiful these days." Ukrainian-born French celeb Olga Kosakiewicz (b. 1915) (TB). Canadian-Am. "Lew Archer" crime novelist Ross Macdonald (Kenneth Millar) (b. 1915) on July 11 in Santa Barbara, Calif. (Alzheimer's). Am. "Kojak" actor Simon Oakland (b. 1915) on Aug. 29 in Cathedral City, Calif. (cancer). South African PM #8 (1966-78) and pres. #4 (1978-9) John Vorster (b. 1915) on Sept. 10 in Capetown. Am. journalist James Wechsler (b. 1915) on Sept. 11 in New York City (lung cancer). Irish writer Leonard Wibberley (b. 1915) on Nov. 22. Argentine composer Alberto Ginastera (b. 1916). Austrian historian Friedrich Heer (b. 1916) on Sept. 18 in Vienna. Am. bandleader Harry James (b. 1916) on July 5 in Las Vegas, Nev. (cancer). Am. economist John Virgil Lintner Jr. (b. 1916) on June 8. Am. singer Larry Hooper (b. 1917) on June 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. (kidney failure). Am. country singer Merle Travis (b. 1917) on Oct. 20 in Tahlequah, Okla. Belgian-born Am. deconstructionist lit. critic Paul de Man (b. 1919) on Dec. 21 in New Haven, Conn. (cancer); after he dies, an anti-Semitic article he wrote in WWII causes Jeffrey Mehlman of Boston U. to utter the soundbyte that there are "grounds for viewing the whole of deconstruction as a vast amnesty project for the politics of collaboration during World War II." Am. "Tex in Dr. Strangelove" actor Slim Pickens (b. 1919) on Dec. 8 in Modesto, Calif. (brain tumor). Am. football hall-of-fame QB Bob Waterfield (b. 1920) on Mar. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. New York archbishop (1968-) cardinal (1969-) Terence Cooke (b. 1921) on Oct. 6 (cancer). Am. baseball player Dick Wakefield (b. 1921) on Aug. 26 in Redford, Mich. Am. futurist Herman Kahn (b. 1922) on July 7 in Chappaqua, N.Y. (stroke). English physicist Derek John de Solla Price (b. 1922) on Sept. 3. Am. psychiatrist Daniel Harold Casriel (b. 1924) on June 7 in Manhattan, N.Y. (ALS). Am. "Sgt. Phil Esterhaus in Hill Street Blues" actor Michael Conrad (b. 1925) on Nov. 22 (urethral cancer). Am. "The Catch" baseball player Vic Wertz (b. 1925) on July 7 in Detroit, Mich. Am. football hall-of-fame QB Norm Van Brocklin (b. 1926) on May 2 in Social Circle, Ga. Am. "The Best is Yet to Come" lyricist Carolyn Leigh (b. 1926) on Nov. 19 in New York City. Am. "Hee-Haw" comedian Junior Samples (b. 1926) on Nov. 13 in Nashville, Tenn. (heart attack). English philanthropist Sir Reresby Sitwell (b. 1927) on Mar. 31. Am. folk singer Logan English (b. 1928) on Mar. 9 in Saratoga Springs, N.Y. English ballet dancer-actor John Gilpin (b. 1930) on Sept. 5 in London (heart attack). Am. "Morticia Addams in The Addams Family" actress Carolyn Jones (b. 1930) on Aug. 3 in West Hollywood, Calif. (colon cancer). Am. bsketball player Mark Workman (b. 1930) on Dec. 21 in Bradenton, Fla. Am. "The Rat Patrol"actor Christopher George (b. 1931) on Nov. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Buck Coulter in The Travels of Jamie McPheeters" actor Michael Witney (b. 1931) on Nov. 30 in New York City. Philippines politician Benigno Aquino Jr. (b. 1932) on Aug. 21 in Manila (assassinated). Am. actress Fay Spain (b. 1932) on May 8 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lymphatic cancer). Am. actress Joan Hackett (b. 1934) on Oct. 8 in Encino, Calif. (ovarian cancer). Am. "Mountain" musician Felix Pappalardi (b. 1939) on Apr. 17 in Manhattan, N.Y.; killed by his wife Gail Collins Pappalardi, who claims an accident. English singer Billy Fury (b. 1940) on Jan. 28 in Paddington, West London (heart failure). Burundi pres. #1 (1966-76) Gen. Michel Micombero (b. 1940) on Aug. 6 in Mogadishu, Somalia (exile). Mexican actress-producer Fanny Cano (b. 1944) on Dec. 7 in Madrid (airplane accident). German gay singer Klaus Nomi (Sperber) (b. 1944) on Aug. 6 in New York City (AIDS) - ding dong the wicked witch is dead? Am. rock musician Dennis Wilson (b. 1944) on Dec. 28 in Marina del Rey, Calif. (drowns); last words: "I'm lonesome, I'm lonesome all the time." English musician Chris Wood (b. 1944) on July 12 in Birmingham (pneumonia). Canadian composer Claude Vivier (b. 1948) on Mar. 7. Am. singer Karen Carpenter (b. 1950) on Feb. 4 in Downey, Calif. (anorexia and cardiac arrest); dies after marrying divorced real estate developer Thomas James Burris on Aug. 30, 1980 then filing for divorce in Nov. 1981, which was finalized on Feb. 4.



1984 - The Year of Monopolies (Bell, Microsoft, IBM, and Big Brother)? The Bhopal Disaster Year? A strange license to be violent floats in the air this year, the Orwellian Year 1984? A bad year to be in a building with the word Golden in its title, but not a bad year to fly, since there are no major airplane crashes?

Apple's 1984 Super Bowl Halftime Commercial Apple Macintosh, 1984 Jef Raskin (1943-) Bill Atkinson (1951-) Bhopal Disaster, Dec. 2-3, 1984 Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko of the Soviet Union (1911-85) John Napier Wyndham Turner of Canada (1929-) Brian Mulroney of Canada (1939-) Shimon Peres of Israel (1923-) Alain Savary of France (1918-88) Laurent Fabius of France (1946-) David Russell Lange of New Zealand (1942-2005) Julio Maria Sanguinetti of Uruguay (1936-) Brunei Sultan Hassan al Bolkiah (1946-) Manuel Esquivel of Belize (1940-) Col. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya of Mauritania (1941-) Wen Ho Lee of the U.S. (1939-) Lt. Col. William Francis Buckley (1928-85) Geraldine Anne Ferraro of the U.S. (1935-2011) William Paul Thayer of the U.S. (1919-2010) Leon Febres Cordero of Ecuador (1931-2008) Nicolas Ardito Barletta of Panama (1938-) Jeanne Sauvé of Canada (1922-93) Lansana Conté of Guinea (1934-2008) Diara Traoré of Guinea (-1985) Carmen Pereira of Guinea-Bissau (1937-) Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia (1937-) Maaouya Ould Sidi Ahmed Taya of Mauritania (1941-) Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici of Malta (1933-) Rakesh Sharma of India (1949-) John Davison 'Jay' Rockefeller IV of the U.S. (1937-) Sir Ian Kinloch MacGregor (1912-98) Arthur Scargill of Britain (1938-) Richard William Miller of the U.S. Marc Garneau of Canada (1949-) Bernhard Goetz (1947-) Alan Berg (1934-84) Aryan Nations David Eden Lane (1938-2007) Norm Early of the U.S. Rajiv Gandhi of India (1944-91) Rafael Caro Quintero (1954-) Josef Fritzl (1935-) Jure Franko of Yugoslavia (1962-) Bill Johnson of the U.S. (1960-) Robert Jay Mathews (1953-84) George Soros (1930-) Osama bin Laden (1957-2011) Abdullah Yusuf Azzam (1941-89) Duane Clarridge of the U.S. (1932-) Father Jerzy Popieluszko (1947-84) Jon-Erik Hexum (1957-84) Yvonne Fletcher of Britain (1959-84) Liberace (1919-87) and Scott Thorson Shoko Asahara (1955-) Nancy Kulp (1921-91) Colo. Gov. Dick Lamm (1935-) Michael Eisner (1942-) Mort Zuckerman (1937-) Marvin Gaye (1939-84) Bernard King (1956-) Isiah Thomas (1961-) Hakeem Olajuwon (1963-) Sam Bowie (1961-) Michael Jordan (1963-) John Stockton (1962-) Peter Victor Ueberroth (1937-) Roger Clemens (1962-) Steve Garvey (1948-) Phil Niekro (1939-) Marge Schott (1928-2004) Mario Lemieux (1965-) Larry Holmes (1949-) Tim Witherspoon (1957-) Pinklon Thomas (1958-) Greg Page (1958-) Marcus Allen (1960-) Doug Flutie (1962-) Michael Jordan (1963-) Carl Lewis of the U.S. (1961-) Greg Louganis of the U.S. (1960-) Joan Benoit Samuelson of the U.S. (1957-) Evelyn Ashford of the U.S. (1957-) Mary Decker Slaney of the U.S. (1958-) Zola Budd of South Africa (1966-) The Bump, 1984 David Stern (1942-2020) John R. Gaines (1928-2005) Nawal El Moutawakel of Morocco (1962-) Mary Lou Retton of the U.S. (1968-) Neroli Susan Fairhall of New Zealand (1944-2006) Gabi Andersen-Schiess of Switzerland Svetlana Savitskaya of the Soviet Union (1948-) Kathy Dwyer Sullivan of the U.S. (1951-) Elisabeth Kopp of Switzerland (1936-) Abdul Halim Khaddam of Syria (1932-) Bishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu of South Africa (1931-2021) Tommy Cooper (1921-84) Bobby Joe Long (1953-) Michael Boris Green (1946-) John Henry Schwarz (1941-) Jaroslav Seifert (1901-86) Carlo Rubbia (1934-) Peter Saville (1946-) Simon van der Meer (1925-2011) Robert Bruce Merrifield (1921-2006) Cesar Milstein (1927-2002) Katharine Payne (1937-) Charles Gald Sibley (1917-98) Robert Jastrow (1925-2008) Frederick Seitz (1911-2008) William Nierenberg (1919-2000) Jon Edward Ahlquist David H. Padden (1927-2011) Joseph Lee Bast (1958-) Georges Jean Franz Kohler (1946-95) Niels Kaj Jerne (1911-94) Sir Richard Stone (1913-91) Andre Brahic (1942-2016) Patrice Bouchet (1953-) J.C. Bhattacharyya (1930-2012) Father Richard John Neuhaus (1936-2009) Robert Lull Forward (1932-2002) David J. Raup (1933-) J. John Sepkoski Jr. (1948-99) Adrian L. Melott John Leonard Orr (1949-) Steen Malte Willadsen (1944-) John Galliano (1960-) John Galliano Example Martin John Rees (1942-) Mario Ramberg Capecchi (1937-) Oliver Smithies (1925-2017) Sir Martin John Evans (1941-) Sir Richard Branson (1950-) Leonard Max Adleman (1945-) Velma Barfield (1932-84) Leonard Bosack (1952-) Sandy Lerner (1952-) John Buster (1941-) Michael Saul Dell (1965-) Ray Kurzweil (1948-) Lee Man-hee (1931-) Michael M. Merzenich (1948-) Elton John (1947-) and Renate Blauel (1953-) 'Papa' John H. Schnatter (1961-) Fred L. Smith Jr. Alex Trebek (1940-2020) Johnny Gilbert (1924-) Chuck Woolery (1941-) Jay Stewart (1918-89) Peter Victor Ueberroth (1937-) Robert Irsay (1923-97) Jim Irsay (1959-) J.G. Ballard (1930-2009) Clive Barker (1952-) Sydney Biddle Barrows (1952-) Malek Chebel (1953-2016) Tom Clancy (1947-2013) Michael Cunningham (1952-) Joan Didion (1934-2021) Harriet Doerr (1910-2002) Stephen Dunn (1939-) Louise Erdrich (1954-) Herbert Feis (1893-1972) Janet Frame (1924-2004) Peter Gay (1923-2015) William Gibson (1948-) Allan Gurganus (1947-) Dorothy Cann Hamilton Willis Harman (1918-97) Michael S. Harper (1938-) Kent Haruf (1943-) Louise L. Hay (1926-) Tommy Hilfiger (1951-) Tommy Hilfiger Logo Murry Hope (1929-2012) Josephine Humphreys (1945-) James Oliver Huberty (1942-84) Jamaica Kincaid (1949-) Milan Kundera (1929-) David Mamet (1947-) James D. McCawley (1938-99) Thomas Kincaid McCraw (1940-2012) Jay McInerney (1955-) Milorad Pavic (1929-) Joan Peters (1938-) Paul Prudhomme (1940-) Howard Rheingold (1947-) Kim Stanley Robinson (1952-) Esa-Pekka Salonen (1958-) Helen Hooven Santmyer (1895-1986) Melissa Scott (1960-) Kenneth Silverman (1936-) Joseph Stiglitz (1943-) Carl Shapiro (1955-) Neal Town Stephenson ( 1959-) Gore Vidal (1925-2012) Richard N. Current (1912-2012) Joe Vitale (1952-) David Whyte (1955-) John Edgar Wideman (1941-) Charles K. Wilber Robert Holdstock (1948-) Christopher Bernard Wilder (1945-84) Gina Lollobrigida (1927-) and Javier Rigau y Rafols (1960-) Jane Birkin (1946-) with her Birkin Bag Donna Karan (1948-) Jim Jarmusch (1953-) Band Aid The Bangles Bon Jovi Prince (1958-2016) Anthrax Dead or Alive Gloria Estefan (1957-) Red Hot Chili Peppers Everything But the Girl Julio Iglesias (1943-) Public Image Ltd. The Judds k.d. lang (1961-) Julian Lennon (1963-) Frankie Goes to Hollywood Great White 'Christmas' by Mannheim Steamroller, 1984 Metal Church Nena Billy Ocean (1950-) Sade (1959-) Selena (1971-95) Sheila E. (1957-) Tina Turner (1939-) The Smiths Skinny Puppy Steve Vai (1960-) Nettwerk SPV Records Howard Jones (1955-) Yngwie Malmsteen (1963-) John Thompson Jr. (1941-) Zhang Ruimin (1949-) Daniel O'Donnell (1961-) Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022) and Matt Lattanzi (1959-) Matt Lattanzi (1959-) Bernard Rands (1934-) Bob Geldof (1951-) and Midge Ure (1953-) Tommy Shaw (1953-) Wynton Marsalis (1961-) Dawn Upshaw (1960-) 'The Cosby Show', 1984-92 'Hunter', 1984-91 'Night Court', 1984-92 'Jeopardy!', 1984- 'Alex Trebek (1940-2020) 'Alex Trebek (1940-) 'Johnny Gilbert (1924-) 'Highway to Heaven', 1984-9 'Whos the Boss?', 1984-92 'The Starlight Express', 1984 'The Foreigner', 1984 'Hurlyburly', 1984 August Wilson (1945-2005) 'Ma Raineys Black Bottom', 1984 '2010', 1984 'The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension!', 1984 'Beverly Hills Cop', 1984 'The Cotton Club', 1984 'Dune', 1984 'Ghostbusters', 1984 Ghostbusters Logo 'Gremlins', 1984 'Iceman', 1984 'The Philadelphia Experiment', 1984 'Repo Man', 1984 'Sixteen Candles', 1984 John Hughes Jr. (1950-2009) 'The Killing Fields', 1984 Haing Somnang Ngor (1940-96) John Malkovich (1953-) 'The Karate Kid, 1984 'The Last Starfighter', 1984 'A Passage to India', 1984 'Places in the Heart', 1984 'Police Academy', 1984 'Reckless', 1984 'Red Dawn', starring Patrick Swayze (1952-), 1984 'Rhinestone', 1984 'Silent Night, Deadly Night', 1984 'Splash', 1984 'Star Trek III: The Search for Spock', 1984 'The Terminator', 1984 'Ahnuld' Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947-) in 'The Terminator', 1984 James Cameron (1954-) John Daly (1937-2008) 'The Neverending Story', 1984 'This Is Spinal Tap', 1984 'Streets of Fire', 1984 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, 1987-96 Juzo Itami (1933-97) Roberto Matta (1911-2002) 'Le Dauphin de la Memoire' by Roberto Matta (1911-2002), 1984 Frank Stella (1936-) 'The Science of Laziness' by Frank Stella (1936-), 1984 Lindow Man Istana Nurul Iman, 1984 Frederick Elliott Hart (1943-99) Three Servicemen Memorial, 1984 Transformers, 1984 Dirt Devil, 1984 Fuji Blimp Mustangs of Las Colinas, 1984 Trump Plaza, 1984 Manhattan Brewing Co. Jim Koch (1949-) Samuel Adams Boston Lager Logo Pyramid Breweries Widmer Brothers Brewery Logo

1984 Doomsday Clock: 3 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Rat (Feb. 2). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Peter Victor Ueberroth (1937-) - should be George Orwell? U.S. economic growth: 6.8% (highest since 1951); Soviet economic growth: 2.6% (lowest since 1945); U.S. inflation rate: 3.7% (lowest since 1967); on May 1 HUD reports that 250K-350K Americans are homeless. Brazil's inflation rate reaches 229% this year, almost double the 1983 rate of 115%, and its $93B foreign debt is the largest in the Third World; by midyear tough austerity measures imposed by the IMF seem to be working, and the GNP increases 8.3% next year. Crack Cocaine appears in inner-city neighborhoods in New York City, Los Angeles, and Miami, leading to health emergencies and greater incidence of syphilis and AIDS along with higher crime rates and broken families; it was developed in the Bahamas. China allows 5%-10% of families to to have two children, increasing this to 20% later. Kuwait's oil income plummets from $18.4B in 1980 to $9B this year, due to the decline in oil prices; meanwhile Kuwait's support for Iraq in its war with Iran draws terrorist attacks by radical Shiites. On Jan. 1 (Sun.) (Orwell Day) fears of George Orwell's 1949 novel 1984 coming true become a kind of universal punch line for the year; on Jan. 18 it becomes the fastest-selling book in the U.S. Good news, you don't have pneumonia, you have congestive heart failure? The closest thing to Big Brother is dismantled on cue by Uncle Sam? On Jan. 1 (Sun.) AT&T divests itself of its 22 Bell System cos., keeping its Western Electric div. and breaking up into AT&T Technologies, and AT&T Communications (seven regional telephone cos., incl. Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, BellSouth, Nynex, Pacific Telesis, Southwestern Bell, and USWest, which become known as Baby Bells), and goes from the largest co. in the world, with $149.5B in assets and 1,009,000 employees to $34B in assets and 373K employees; it retains its long distance business, and keeps Bell Labs and Western Electric; the breakup becomes good news for investors as new pricing plans and wireless technology give new life, and the stock increases more than 1000% by the end of 1999 (16.4% a year). On Jan. 1 France gets its first deliveries of Soviet natural gas; 55% of French electrical power is generated by nuclear plants (vs. 39% in 1974), vs. 5% by oil. On Jan. 1 the Islamic sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from Britain after 95 years, with sultan #29 (since Oct. 4, 1967) Hassan al Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah (1946-) as PM (until ?), who appoints family members to other official posts; on Jan. 7 Brunei becomes member #6 of the Assoc. of SE Asian Nations (ASEAN); on Feb. 23 Brunei holds its first Nat. Day in a celebration in their new $50M stadium attended by Prince Charles and leaders of 70 countries before a crowd of 30K-50K; on Feb. 24 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 548 to admit Brunei; on Sept. 21 Brunei joins the U.N. as member #159. On Jan. 2 New York City transit fares rise from 75 cents to 90 cents. On Jan. 2 UCLA defeats Illinois by 45-9 to win the 1984 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 3 Syria frees captured U.S. Navy pilot Lt. Robert C. Goodman Jr. after an appeal is made by Rev. Jesse Louis Jackson Sr. (1941-), which is obviously meant to show that he's presidential material?; both meet with Pres. Reagan at the White House; in 2010 it is revealed that Jackson allegedly illegally took cash from Libya for his 1984 pres. campaign. On Jan. 3 a supreme military council is named to rule Nigeria. On Jan. 4 Burma gains its independence from Britain. On Jan. 4 U.S. deputy defense secy. (since Jan. 12, 1983) William Paul Thayer (1919-2010) resigns amid inquiries into charges of furnishing confidential stock market info. - let's go shopping, let's have some fun? On Jan. 4 (Wed.) the sitcom Night Court debuts on NBC-TV for 193 episodes (until May 31, 1992), moving to Thurs. to follow "Cheers", starring magician-comedian Harry Laverne Anderson (1952-) (Harry the Hat Gittes in "Cheers") as Judge Harold T. "Harry" Stone, John Bernard Larroquette (1947-) as Daniel R. "Dan" Fielding (Reinhold Daniel Fielding Elmore) as narcissistic sex-crazed prosecutor, who makes the show a hit; also stars 6'8" Charles Richard Moll (1943-) as bailiff Nostradamus "Bull" Shannon" ("ohhh-kay"). On Jan. 6 Texaco offers $9.98B ($125 per share) for Getty Oil Corp., besting the Pennzoil offer of $112.50 per share, and becoming the biggest merger on record to date. On Jan. 6 a woman in Australia becomes the mother of the first test tube quadruplets - a dingo ate my bye-bee? On Jan. 9 Japan's Nikkei index reaches 10K for the first time, quadrupling by 1989. On Jan. 10 former Argentine pres. Reynaldo Bignone is arrested in Argentina for the slaying of two Communists. On Jan. 10 the U.S. and the Vatican establish full diplomatic relations for the first time in 117 years (1867) - Garibaldi rolls over in his grave? On Jan. 10 a Gen. Cooperation Agreement is signed in Victoria, Seychelles with Madagascar and Mauritius. On Jan. 10 Greece passes a law mandating equal pay for equal work by women and men - beats lame pickup lines and shut your pie-hole? On Jan. 10 striking bauxite workers black out Paramaribo, Suriname by sabotaging power transformers; on Jan. 10 troops surround U.S.-owned Suralco bauxite-processing plant to prevent sabotage; after bank workers and bus drivers join the strike in mid-Jan., the workers vote to return to working late Jan., and an interim govt. is sworn in on Feb. 3 (until Dec.). On Jan. 12 the U.S. and China sign agreements on industrial cooperation and renew science and technology accords. On Jan. 17 the Reagan-packed U.S. Commission on Civil Rights votes to end numerical quotas for promotion of black workers and execs, saying "Such racial preferences merely constitute another form of discrimination." On Jan. 17 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Sony Corp of Am. v. Universal City Studios Inc. that home video recorders used for time shifting do not infringe on copyrights but are protected by fair use, and that manufacturers such as Betamax are not liable for infringement, creating a boom in the home video market; Justice John Paul Stevens writes the majority opinion; dissenters incl. Justices Harry Blackmun, Thurgood Marshall, Lewis F. Powell Jr., and William Rehnquist. On Jan. 18 Am. Univ. pres. Malcolm Hooper Kerr (b. 1931) is killed in Beirut by Islamist gunmen, who vow to rid Lebanon of Westerners. On Jan. 18 the Mitsui Miike Coal Mine in Omuta, Kyushu, Japan explodes, killing 83. On Jan. 20 Chicago, Ill. sets a a record low of –27F. On Jan. 22 Super Bowl XVIII (18) is held in Tampa, Fla.; the Los Angeles Raiders (AFC) (first franchise to represent two cities in the SB) defeat the Washington Redskins (NFC) by 38-9; Raiders' MVP RB Marcus Allen (1960-) has 20 carries for 191 yards, incl. a record 74-yard TD run from scrimmage where he reverses the field and finishes with an escort from WR Cliff Branch (1948-); NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle forgets their $50M court battle and presents the trophy to Raiders owner Al Davis; Apple Computer's Super Bowl XVIII Halftime Commercial for its new Macintosh computer (introduced on Jan. 24), dir. by Ridley Scott convincingly equates its rival Microsoft and their plug-ugly buggy user-unfriendly generic PCs and monopolistic practices with Orwell's Big Brother; Apple engineer Jef Raskin (1943-2005) and his student Bill Atkinson (1951-) allegedly talked Steve Jobs into visiting Xerox Parc in Palo Alto, Calif., where they viewed and nonchalantly lifted the ideas of the mouse and pop-up windows; it uses the Motorola 68000 microprocessor as the CPU. On Jan. 22 Airwolf debuts on CBS-TV for 79 episodes (until Aug. 7, 1987), about a secret hi-tech heli, starring Jan-Michael Vincent (1944-2019) as pilot Stringfellow "String" Hawke, Ernest Borgnine as Dominic "Dom" Santini as his flight engineer, David Edward Leslie Hemmings (1941-2003) as psychotic genius Airwolf designer Dr. Charles Henry Moffet, Alex Cord (Alexander Viespi) (1933-) as the Firm's Panama hat-wearing point man Michael Coldsmith-Briggs III AKA Archangel. On Jan. 25 Pres. Reagan endorses the development of the first permanently-manned U.S. space station. On Jan. 26 the U.S. State Dept. is found to have revealed in 1947 postwar aid by the Vatican to escaped Nazis. Just when he's at the top, an accident starts Michael Jackson on a 25-year downhill slide? On Jan. 27 pop star Michael Jackson's face and scalp sustain 2nd and 3rd degree burns after a poorly-timed explosion on the set of a Pepsi commercial sets his hair on fire; on July 6-Dec. 9 the 23-city Victory Tour angers fans with the stiff $30 ticket price; in Oct. Forbes mag. estimates Michael Jackson's wealth at $70M; the accident causes him to get into painkillers and alienates him from his brothers because he doesn't drink Pepsi and didn't want to endorse it? On Jan. 29 Pres. Reagan announces that he will run for a 2nd term - in a bedtime showdown for all ages, big kid at sundown? On Jan. 29 the Soviets issue a formal complaint against alleged U.S. arms treaty violations. On Jan. 29 the Infant Formula Action Coalition ends its 7-year boycott of Nestle pending ratification of an agreement in Mexico City on Feb. 2. On Jan. 30 a bus plunges 14 ft. off the Sarsa Bridge into a canal outside Rapar, Punjab, India, killing 18. On Jan. 31 France grants internal autonomy to New Caledonia, and opens the way to possible independence; too bad, instead this touches off ethnic violence between the Melanesian natives and the white minority, with the former wanting full independence and the latter wanting to remain part of France; between Nov. of this year and Feb. of next year over 20 are killed. On Jan. 31 two Protestant Irish solders are killed by a Provisional IRA land mine in their armored car near Forkill in County Armagh. In Jan. the U.S. stock market begins a 7-mo. decline of 15%. In Jan. the FBI administers a lie detector test to Taiwan-born naturalized Am. scientist Wen Ho Lee (1939-) at Los Alamos Labs; he fails an initial test to determine whether he had contact with foreign intelligence services or inappropriately shared info., but he passes the 2nd test after he masters it? On Feb. 1 Medicaire comes into effect in Australia. On Feb. 3 the U.S. EPA orders a ban on the pesticide EDB (ethylene dibromide) for grain products. On Feb. 3 Cruzeiro do Sul Flight 302 (Airbus 300) en route from Sao Luiz to Belem, Brazil carrying 176 passengers and crew is hijacked by three persons to Camaguey, Cuba. On Feb. 3-11 Space Shuttle Challenger carries out its 10th mission with astronauts Vance DeVoe Brand (1931-), Bruce McCandless II (1937-), Robert L. Stewart (1942-), Robert C. "Bob" McNair (1937-), and Robert Lee "Hoot" Gibson (1946-); on Feb. 7 McCandless followed by Stewart make the first untethered spacewalks with the nitrogen-propelled backpack called the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU); after losing a Western Union and an Indonesian satellite, it makes the first shuttle landing at Kennedy Space Center on Feb. 11; on Apr. 6 a 2nd Challenger mission is launched carrying Robert Laurel Crippen (1937-), Francis Richard "Dick" Scobee (1939-86), Terry Jonathan Hart (1946-), George Driver "Pinky" Nelson (1950-), and James Dougal Adrianus "Ox" van Hoften (1944-), who deploy the school bus-sized cylindrical Long Duration Exposure Facility; on Apr. 10-12 two astronauts perform the first in-orbit retrieval and repair of a satellite in orbit on the Solar Max. On Feb. 7 Pres. Reagan orders U.S. Marines to withdraw from the Beirut internat. peacekeeping force. On Feb. 8 the Soviets launch the Soyuz T 10B mission to replace the failed Soyuz T 10 mission, carrying cosmonauts Oleg Yuryevich Atkov (1949-), Leonid Denisovich Kizim (1941-2010), and Vladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov (1946-), docking with the Salyut 7 space station, repairing the propulsion system, and setting a record in space of 237 days; on Apr. 3 the Soyuz T 11 mission blasts off carrying Yuri Visilievich Malyshev (1946-99), Gennady Mikhailovich Strekalov (1940-2004), and Rakesh Sharma (1949-) (first Indian in space), docking with Salyut 7; on July 18 the Soyuz T 12 mission blasts off carrying Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov (1941-), Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya (1948-) (2nd woman in space), and Igor Petrovich Volk (1937-); on July 25 Soviet cosmonaut Svetlana Yevgeneyevna Savitskaya (1948-) becomes the first woman to walk in space as she carries out more than three hours of experiments outside the orbiting space station Salyut 7, which she shares with two men, causing rumors of space conception experiments; on Oct. 11 Space Shuttle Challenger astronaut and manly woman Kathryn Dwyer "Kathy" Sullivan (1951-) becomes the first U.S. woman to walk in space. On Feb. 8-19 the XIV (14th) Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia are the first-ever held in the bloody Balkans, and the first held in a Socialist country; 1,272 athletes from 49 nations compete in 49 events in six sports; Jure Franko (1962-) wins Yugoslavia's first Winter Olympics medal, a silver in the giant slalom; East German manly women win all but three of 12 medals in speedskating; disabled skiing is a demo sport; William Dean "Bill" Johnson (1960-) becomes the first U.S. athlete to win an Olympic downhill event in a dramatic upset after predicting his V Joe Namath-style, and using superior wax on the 2nd-rate Bjelasnica course; the closing ceremony is held indoors for the last time (until ?). On Feb. 9 Soviet Big Brother Yuri Andropov surprises no one when he drops off from acute kidney failure; on Feb. 13 he is succeeded by equally stiff Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (1911-85) as gen. secy. of the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee (until Mar. 10, 1985). On Feb. 10 China and the Soviet Union sign a $1.2B trade agreement. On Feb. 14 after the inflation rate passes 12%, Italian PM Bettino Craxi ends automatic wage increases based on prices, and sets a 10% limit on increases in govt.-controled prices incl. electricity and gas, causing protests in major cities along with wildcat strikes; on Apr. 16 the decrees fail to win parliamentary approval; on May 9-10 a referendum backed by the Communists to restore wage cuts is rejected, and on May 24 a new decree issued Apr. 17 is approved by the chamber of deputies by 329-256, followed on June 8 by the senate by 172-12. On Feb. 14 in South Africa under Apartheid rule the Black community at Mogopa is displaced in a "forced removal" action; some 300 homes and a cluster of community bldgs. are bulldozed over. On Feb. 14 6-y.-o. Stormie Dawn Jones (b. 1977) becomes the world's first simultaneous heart-liver transplant recipient; she dies at a Pittsburgh hospital on Nov. 11, 1990 at age 13. On Feb. 18 Italy and the Vatican reach an accord ending Roman Catholicism's status as the state religion. On Feb. 21 a shootout in Dunloy, County Antrim, North Ireland kills two IRA members and one British soldier. On Feb. 22 the U.K. and the U.S. send warships to the Persian Gulf after Iraq uses French Exocet missiles against tankers loading at Kargh Island, and Iran attacks tankers loading oil from Saudi Arabia and other Arab states; 50K Iraqis and 100K Iranians have been killed in their Muslim-against-Muslim war. On Feb. 24 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 548 to admit Brunei. On Feb. 26 the U.S. Marines finish evacuating from Beirut, Lebanon. On Feb. 28 the U.S. Supreme Courts by a 6-3 vote upholds the Reagan admin. stand that a federal civil rights statute is enforceable only on specific programs getting federal education aid. On Feb. 29 the multi-million dollar palimony suit against Liberace (1919-87) by his red hot lover-bodyguard Scott Thorson is thrown out of court - with egg white on its face? Canada's has a quick turnover followed by a long mulroney? On Feb. 29 Canadian PM #15 (since Mar. 3, 1980) Pierre Elliott Trudeau announces his resignation after 16 years in office; on June 30 English-born finance minister John Napier Wyndham Turner (1929-) is sworn in as Canadian PM #17 until Sept. 17; on Sept. 4 after attacking a flurry of last-minute appointments of Liberals by Trudeau along with the failure of Turner to cancel them (who instead appoints even more), Martin Brian Mulroney (1939-) of Quebec (former pres. of Iron Ore Co.) and his Progressive Conservative Party win elections in a landslide, gaining their largest majority in history (211 of the 288 seats in the House of Commons, vs. 40 for the Liberals), on Sept. 17 he becomes Canadian PM #18 (until June 25, 1993), going on to cancel the nuclear power program and introduce the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement and the Goods and Services Tax, but fails to stop the growth of the deficit while messing up his own patronage appointments through inexperience, alienating his own party. On Feb. 29 in Switzerland a court rules that the villagers of Zermatt own the Matterhorn. In Feb. Ferdinand Marcos calls for elections for the Philippine nat. assembly, and the opposition Nat. Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) (founded in Oct. 1983), led by deceased opposition leader Benigno Aquino's wife Corazon Aquino scores a big V on May 23, even with Marco's men trying to stuff the ballot boxes; meanwhile the IMF imposes strict financial controls on the Philippine govt. On Mar. 2 McDonald's Franchise #1 is closed in Des Plaines, Ill. after 30 years in operation (since 1952) - the grease goes 20 feet into the ground? On Mar. 3 Peter Victor Ueberroth (1937-) is elected to replace Bowie Kuhn as ML baseball commissioner #6 for a 5-year term with a 100% salary increase and increased fining ability (from $5K to $250K); he takes office on Oct. 1 (until Oct. 1, 1989). On Mar. 4 18-y.-o. Bennington College freshman Libby Zion (b. 1966) dies in the emergency room of New York Hospital after being given 25 mg. of Demerol, after which her father Sidney Zion (writer for the New York Times) sues them for malpractice; in Feb. 1995 he loses, but the experience causes laws to be passed limiting the number of hours doctors can work without rest to 80 hours/week. On Mar. 9 the libertarian think tank Competitive Enterprise Inst. (CEI) is founded in Washington, D.C. by lobbyist Fred L. Smith Jr. to fight against big govt., going on to lead climate change skeptics. On Mar. 5 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Lynch v. Donnelly that cities have the constitutional right to display the Nativity (Creche) Scene as part of their Christmas display, and to use public funds for it. On Mar. 5 Iran accuses Iraq of using chemical weapons, causing the U.N. to condemn their use on Mar. 30. On Mar. 6 after the British Nat. Coal Board, headed by profit-motivated Sir Ian Kinloch MacGregor (1912-98) shut down a colliery in Yorkshire, calling its male miners less productive than women miners in the U.S., and announced plans to close up to 20 mines, Nat. Union of Mineworkers head (1981-2000) Arthur Scargill (1938-) calls him "the American butcher of British industry", and approves the U.K. Miners' Strike of 1984-5 of 55K miners, which spreads to other unions, reaching 3M-4M by the end of the year, with the Nat. Union of Mineworkers pitted against the Nat. Coal Board and the Conservative govt. of PM Margaret Thatcher; too bad, in Sept. 1984 the strike is ruled illegal, causing it to end on Mar. 3, 1985 in a big D for the British trade union movement; by the time the coal industry is privatized in 1994, the 170 collieries operating this year are down to 15, and only eight by 2007. On Mar. 7 the U.S. govt. overturns an 1867 law and appoints William A. Wilson (b. 1914) as U.S. ambassador to the Vatican. On Mar. 12 Lebanese pres. (since 1982) Amine Gemayel opens the 2nd meeting in five years calling for an end to 9 years of war. On Mar. 13 Mozambique and South Africa sign the Accord of Nkomati, banning support for each other's internal foes, becoming the first agreement between white South Africa and a black nation. On Mar. 14 Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams and three others are seriously injured by UVF gunmen. On Mar. 14 the Shincheonji Church of Jesus is founded in South Korea by self-proclaimed returned Jesus Christ Lee Man-hee (1931-), reaching 300K members by 2019; in 2020 Man-hee refuses to get tested for coronavirus, calling it "the work of the devil", sparking a nat. outcry. On Mar. 16 CIA Beirut station chief and top terrorism expert Lt. Col. William Francis Buckley (1928-85) in Lebanon by the Islamic Jihad, and dies after prolonged torture; his body is found on Dec. 27, 1991 in S Beirut. On Mar. 22 teachers at the McMartin Preschool in Manhattan Beach, Calif. are charged with Satanic ritual abuse of schoolchildren; the charges are later dropped as unfounded. On Mar. 23 Gen. Rahimuddin Khan becomes interim govt. of Sindh, becoming thefirst man to rule over two Pakistan provinces. On Mar. 24 four Red Brigades gunmen rob a Brink's Securmark Vault outside Rome, making off with $21.8M. On Mar. 29 Katie and Allie debuts on CBS for ? episodes (until May 22, 1989), starring Susan Saint James (1946-) as Kate McArdle, and Jane Therese Curtin (1947-) as Allie Lowell, divorced mothers who share a New York City apt. On Mar. 20 the U.S. Senate votes down a proposed school prayer amendment to the U.S. Constitution. On Mar. 21 a Soviet nuclear submarine crashes into the USS Kitty Hawk off the coast of Japan. On Mar. 24 Jewish terrorists publicly declare their intention of performing Passover prayers and animal sacrifices in the Al-Aqsa Mosque; on Mar. 29 the Israeli govt. constructs a small tunnel near the W side of the mosque near the Dung Gate for archeological exploration, which the Islamic Council claims endangers its offices; on Apr. 23 Jewish extremists enter the mosque hard during prayer time then commit indecent acts; on Aug. 1 security guards discover a group of Jewish terrorists preparing to blow it up; on Sept. 25 Temple Mount Faithful terrorists attempt to enter to pray but are stopped by guards - I'm not sure how you know, but it's the perfect thing to do to save me from myself? Mother Earth salutes Orwell? On Mar. 25-Apr. 15 Kilauea Crater (largest active crater on Earth) on Hawaii Island's 13,680-ft. Mauna Loa ("long mountain") volcano (world's largest volcano and most massive mountain) near extinct 13,796-ft. Mauna Kea ("white mountain") volcano erupts; the ocean floor is 18K ft. below sea level, making for a 32K-ft. rise from base to summit, greatest of any mountain on Earth; next eruption in ? - that Mauna has pele of natural cleavage? On Mar. 27-28 (night) after falling attendance, owner (since 1972) Robert Irsay (1923-97) moves the NFL Colts (founded 1953) out of Baltimore, Md. under cover of darkness to Indianapolis, Ind., leaving Baltimore without an NFL team until 1996; their first home game in the RCA Dome on Sept. 2, 1984 is a 21-14 loss to the New York Jets, after which they go 12-36 in their first five years, and only have five winning seasons and three playoff berths in their first 15 years, ending up 90-228 through the 1997 season; Robert's son Jim Irsay (1959-) takes over the team after his death, ramping the team up to a record 12+ games won per season for six consecutive seasons. On Mar. 28 Mitterrand's French Socialist govt. pub. a Plan for the Steel Industry, which incl. shedding 20K jobs over three years. On Mar. 26 pres. (since 1958) Sekou Toure (b. 1922) of bauxite-rich Guinea dies in Cleveland, Ohio after heart surgery; PM (since 1972) Louis Lansana Beavogui (b. 1923) becomes pres. #2 of Guinea; a week later a military coup led by Muslim army gen. Lansana Conte (Conté) (1934-2008) of the Susu tribe takes power with a promise not to continue Toure's bloody style; on Apr. 3 Conte becomes pres. #2 of Guinea (until Dec. 22, 2008), and Col. Diarra Traore (Traoré) (1935-85) becomes PM, but is soon demoted to education minister on Dec. 18, causing him to try a coup on July 4, 1985 and get executed; too bad, Conte seizes sole power, keeping the country down near the bottom of the world's nations in terms of development, with unharnessed rivers amid a lack of electricity that is so bad that school children flock to gas stations and parking lots for light to study by at night; Beavogui dies of diabetes in a hospital in Conakry on Aug. 19. In the spring Iran and Iraq extend their ground war to attacks on Gulf shipping, Iraq attacking tankers loading at Iran's Kharg Island terminal, followed by Iran striking at tankers calling at Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries; in May the U.S. sells 400 Stinger antiaircraft missiles to Saudi Arabia, and shortly afterward Saudi fighter planes, receiving directions from a U.S. AWAC plane shoot down two Iranian planes as they approach a foreign tanker over the Gulf. In the spring the multinat. U.S., French and Italian Western peacekeeping force pulls out of Lebanon, giving up on supporting the central Lebanese govt. after 60 French and over 200 U.S. soldiers are killed in factional fighting; Israeli troops remain in S Lebanon, and Syrian troops remain in the Bekaa Valley. On Apr. 1 the Canada Health Act provides universal health care. On Apr. 1 Seventh-Day Adventist minister Marvin Pentz Gay Sr. (1914-98) shoots and kills his son, Motown singer Marvin Gaye Jr. (b. 1939) during an argument in Los Angeles, Calif. one day before the singer's 45th birthday; he pleads guilty to voluntary manslaughter and receives probation. On Apr. 3 the Soviets launch Soyuz T-11 carring Indian cosmonaut (Indian Air Force squadron leader) Rakesh Sharma (1949-), who becomes the first Indian in space; it lands on Oct. 2. On Apr. 4 Pres. Reagan calls for an internat. ban on chemical weapons. On Apr. 5 Rex 84 (Readiness Exercise 1984), a civilian readiness exercise is staged to test the govt.'s ability to detain large numbers of refugees or U.S. citizens in case of civil rest or other nat. emergency - plans for a military dictatorship? On Apr. 7 the U.S. Census Bureau reports that Los Angeles, Calif. has passed Chicago, Il. as the nation's "second city" in terms of pop. On Apr. 8 China launches its first successful comm satellite, the Shiyan Tongbu Tongxin Weixing (Operational Geostationary Communication Satellite), which functions for more than four years. On Apr. 8-11 the 8-hour Buzz Kulik miniseries George Washington is aired on CBS-TV, starring Barry Knapp Bostwick (1945-). On Apr. 8 the 56th Academy Awards are held in the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, and hosted by Jack Lemmon; the best picture Oscar for 1983 is awarded to the Paramount tear-jerker Terms of Endearment, along with best actress to Shirley MacLaine, best supporting actor to Jack Nicholson, and best dir. to James L. Brooks; best actor goes to Robert Duvall for Tender Mercies, and best supporting actress to cross-dressing Linda Cu, er, Hunt for The Year of Living Dangerously. On Apr. 10 the first baby is born from a frozen embryo in Melbourne, Australia. On Apr. 10 after the World Court denounces the action, and Pres. Reagan denies their jurisdiction, the U.S. Senate votes 84-12 to stop him from using federal funds to mine Nicaraguan harbors (since Jan.) to block Cuban and Soviet arms imports destined for rebels in El Salvador, as planned by CIA operative Duane Ramsdell "Dewey" Clarridge (1932-), who goes on to run a network of spies in Afghanistan and Pakistan during the Bush-Obama era; on Oct. 3 a second Boland Amendment is passed, but that doesn't stop CIA speedboats from returning on Oct. 11 to attack the oil facilities at Corinto, Nicaragua. On Apr. 12 Israel Bus No. 300 is taken hostage by Palestinian gunmen, after which Israeli special forces storm the bus and free the hostages after killing two hijackers and one hostage. On Apr. 13 India launches Operation Meghdoot, putting most of the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir under their control, triggering the Siachen Conflict (War) with Pakistan, becoming the first assault launched on the world's highest battlefield; over the next 15 years 10K Indian and Pakistani casualties, largely due to frostbite and mountain sickness result; it becomes a V for India on Nov. 25, 2003 after 19 years 7 mo. 1 week and 5 days. On Apr. 13 after kidnapping and raping 12+ women and killing 8+ of them after a 6-week crime spree in the U.S. beginning on Feb. 26 in Fla., Sydney, Australia-born Christopher Bernard Wilder (b. 1945) AKA the Beauty Queen Killer dies from gunshot wounds in Colebrook, N.H. after resisting arrest. On Apr. 15 the New York Times pub. its last "Shipping/Mails" column as passenger volume dwindles to 400K from 900K in 1960, and most arrivals are cruise ships not passenger liners. On Apr. 15 6'4" Welsh prop comedian Thomas Frederick "Tommy" Cooper (b. 1921) suffers a massive heart attack and dies on stage on live TV in Her Majesty's Theatre, Westminster, London. On Apr. 17 British police officer Yvonne Joyce Fletcher (b. 1959) is killed from rifle shots fired from the Libyan embassy in London into a crowd during a demonstration against Moammar Khadafy Duck, causing police to siege the embassy. On Apr. 19 Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as the Australian nat. anthem; green and gold become the nat. colors. On Apr. 24 after lower prices for its exports of sugar, gold, and silver cause austerity measures to be imposed by the IMF on the Dominican Repub. in the spring, resulting in sharply higher food and gasoline prices, and leading to rioting which kills 50+, a Dominican crowd riots and battles police, and 29 are killed. On Apr. 25 Robert F. Kennedy's son David is found dead in a Florida hotel - with a muscle pic of Ahnuld on the ceiling? On Apr. 25 Sultan Ahmad Shah, 7th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia leaves office, and on Apr. 26 Sultan Iskandar (1932-2010) of Johor becomes the 8th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (until ?). On Apr. 27 the U.S. fines a Swedish importer $3M for illegal shipments to the Soviet Union. On Apr. 27 18-y.-o. Billy Frank Gilley Jr. (1966-) beats his fundamentalist parents Bill and Lindy and sister Becky to death with a baseball bat in their Ore. home, later claiming he did it to save himself and sister Jody from domestic abuse; he receives three consecutive life sentences. On Apr. 30 after he exposes drug cartels as corrupting politicians and soccer teams, two Colombian drug cartel gunmen on motorcyles working for Pablo Escobar assassinate Colombian justice minister Rodrigo Lara Bonilla (1946-), causing pres. Belisario Betancur declare a state of siege on May 1, with the soundbyte that the "national dignity" has been "trampled by drug traffickers", and that "We are not going to allow ourselves to annihilated by cowardice and crime"; in May atty.-gen. Carlos Jimenez Gomez secretly meets with seven drug lords incl. Pablo Escobar, Gonzalo Rodriguez, and Jorge Luis Ochoa, who reject an amnesty offer in return for shutting down their $2B-a-year operations. In Apr. Pres. Reagan visits China; Pres. Li Xiannian, an outspoken critic of the U.S. is the official host, but this is just window dressing as Deng Xiaoping, who calls the real shots is busy softening hardline Maoism and introducing Western capitalist ideas to save China's economy; Xiannian discusses the Taiwan situation with Reagan. In Apr. the first Weifang Internat. Kite Festival is held in the kite capital of China in the Shandong Peninsula. On May 2 the Liverpool Internat. Garden Festival in England opens. On May 2-11 Pope John Paul II visits the Far East, and conducts the first canonization outside Rome since the Middle Ages, of ?. On May 7 an out-of-court settlement is announced in the Agent Orange (Dioxin) Class-Action Suit brought by Vietnam veterans against Dow Chemical and six other manufacturers, who agree to create a $180M fund for Vietnam vets harmed by the herbicide. On May 8 the Soviet Union announces that it will boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, Calif. On May 8 Denis Lortie kills three govt. employees in the Nat. Assembly of Quebec Bldg. in Canada. On May 10 the Internat. Court of Justice (World Court) orders the U.S. to halt its blockade of Nicaraguan ports, but the U.S. does not recognize their jurisdiction on this issue. On May 10 a federal judge finds the U.S. negligent in atomic tests in 1950. On May 10 the Monster with 21 Faces sends its first letter to the giant Ezaki Gilco food co. after the kidnapping and escape of pres. Katsuhisa Ezaki, claiming that it has poisoned the co.'s confections with potassium cyanide, causing them to remove them from stores, losing $21M and laying off 450 part-time workers; the next target is the Morinaga confectionary co., followed by Marudai Ham and House Food Corp.; on June 26 Marudai Ham pays 50M yen to stop the harassment, after which on June 28 the Fox-Eyed Man is spotted and trailed, but eludes capture; after failing to catch the mastermind, Shiga Prefecture police chief ? Yamamoto commits suicide by self-immolation in Aug. 7, 1985; he is not caught until ?. On May 11 a transit of Earth from Mars occurs. On May 11 in an election closely monitored by U.S. and other observers, Jose Napoleon Duarte Fuentes (1925-90), former pres. (1972, 1980) (a moderate) defeats ultra-rightist Roberto D'Aubuisson, succeeding Alvaro Alfredo Magana as the first democratically-elected pres. of El Salvadorin 49 years, visiting Washington, D.C. in July and obtaining strong U.S. economic and military backing, promising to achieve land reform, end the death squads, and negotiate with leftist rebels to end the civil war. On May 12 (Sat.) the Louisiana World Exposition in New Orleans, La. opens, with participants from 95 countries; the motto is "The World of Rivers: Fresh Waters as a Source of Life"; the U.S. Space Shuttle Enterprise is an exhibit/ the first world's fair with a mascot, white pelican Seymore D. Fair; it closes on Nov. 11 (Sun.) after a disappointing 7,335,279 attend, becoming the first world's fair to declare bankruptcy (until ?); no more world's fairs in the U.S. until ?. On May 14 Liberal Jeanne Mathilde Sauve (Sauvé) (1922-93) is appointed the 23rd gov.-gen. of Canada (until Jan. 28, 1990), becoming the first woman to hold this position. On May 14 Carmen Pereira (1937-) becomes acting pres. of Guinea-Bissau (until May 16), becoming a V for women's libbers. On May 14, 1984 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules in Strickland v. Wash. to establish a 2-part test for a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, incl. performance falling below an objective std. of reasonableness, and a reasonable probability that if counsel had performed adequately, the result would have been different; the lone dissenter is Justice Thurgood Marshall, who claims that the new test is unlikely to "improve the adjudication of Sixth Amendment claims", calling the performance std. "so malleable that, in practice, it will either have no grip at all or will yield excessive variation in the manner in which the Sixth Amendment is interpreted and applied by different courts. What does 'reasonable' mean? Should counsel's performance be judged by reference to a reasonable paid attorney or a reasonable appointed one?... A person of means, by selecting a lawyer and paying him enough to ensure he prepares thoroughly, usually can obtain better representation than that available to an indigent defendant, who must rely on appointed counsel, who, in turn, has limited time and resources to devote to a given case", adding "Much of the work involved in preparing for trial, applying for bail, conferring with one's client, making timely objections to significant, arguably erroneous rulings of the trial judge, and filing a notice of appeal if there are colorable grounds therefor could profitably be made the subject of uniform standards." On May 14 the U.S. Supreme (Rehnquist) Court refuses to review the conviction of Rev. Sun Myung Moon on income tax evasion charges, On May 14 the U.S. Supreme (Rehnquist) Court rules in U.S. v. Sun Myung Moon to refuse to review the conviction of Rev. Sun Myung Moon on income tax evasion charges, and he goes to prison on July 21, serving 13 mo. of a 18-mo. sentence incl. a $15K fine. On May 14 Australia introduces a 1-dollar coin. On May 18 an IRA landmine in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, North Ireland kills three British soldiers; meanwhile two more are killed by a 1K lb. landmine near Camlough in County Armagh. On May 19 "poet and hack" Sir John Betjeman (b. 1906) dies, and Edward "Ted" Hughes (1930-98) becomes poet laureate of England (until Oct. 28, 1998). On May 23 U.S. Surgeon Gen. C. Everett Koop releases a Report on Secondhand Cigarette Cmoke climing that there is "very solid" evidence linking secondhand cigarette smoke to lung disease in non-smokers. On May 28 Pres. Reagan leads a state funeral at Arlington Nat. Cemetery at the Tomb of the Unknowns for an unidentified U.S. soldier KIA in the Vietnam War. On May 23 a methane gas explosion at the Abbeystead Water Treatment Works in Lancashire, England kills 16. On May 27 15 in. of rain over a 4-year period causes an overnight flash flood in Tulsa, Okla. that kills 14. On May 31 six inmates escape from the Mecklenburg Correctional Center near Boydton in Mecklenburg County, Va. (founded 1976), becoming the first escape from a U.S. death row. In May the avg. price of a new U.S. single-family house tops the six-figure mark for the first time, coming in at $101K. On June 1 Pres. Reagan visits Ireland, incl. his ancestral home in Ballyporeen in South Tipperary (pop. 300); he then heads for Merry Olde England. On June 5-6 after Sikh extremists occupy it, the Indian Army stages Operation Blue Star, a siege of the 1589 Golden Temple of Amritsar most sacred of all Sikh shrines, claiming it for an army depot, with 600-1.2K killed in the bloody attack before they take it over; the Sikhs vow to get Indira Gandhi for it? On June 6 Pres. Reagan becomes the first U.S. pres. to visit the D-Day Monument in Normandy, France on D-Day; next Clinton in 1994, followed by George W. Bush in 2004, and Barack Obama in 2009 and 2014. On June 7 a summit conference of industrial nations pledges aid to debtor nations. On June 8 (12:41 a.m. CDT) an F5 tornado destroys the town of Barneveld, Wisc., killing nine, injuring 200, and causing $25M in damage. On June 9 the Algerian Family Code is enacted as an attempt at compromise between medieval Sharia law and modern women's rights, setting the legal age for marriage of a woman to 18, and requiring her consent plus a dowry, although she can't marry a non-Muslim; the father may block the marriage, and a man may have up to four wives. On June 14 the Schengen Agreement (Treaty) is signed near Schengen, Luxembourg by five of the 10 member states of the European Economic Community, creating a borderless Schengen Area; in 1990 it it supplemented by the Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement. On June 17 Swale (b. 1981), the 3-y.-o. winner of the 1984 Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes drops dead. On June 18 (9:30 p.m.) outspoken Chicago, Ill.-born liberal Jewish radio talk show host Alan Harrison Berg (b. 1934) is shot 12x and killed by an automatic MAC-10 in the driveway of his Denver, Colo. home in front of his black VW Beetle by two white supremacists of The Order (Silent Brotherhood), connected with the Aryan Nations Church, and eerily similar to a scene in the 1978 white supremacist novel "The Turner Diaries"; Order founder David Eden Lane (1938-2007) (author of the white supremacist slogan known as the 14 Words: "We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children", and/or "Because the beauty of the White Aryan woman must not perish from the Earth") and several other white supremacists are railroaded by Denver's first African-Am. district atty. Norman S. "Norm" Early (normally up early to step and fetch it?) on federal RICO and other squishy charges to 190+-year sentences when he can't prove a state murder charge and decides to 'get' them. On June 19 the first live TV appearance is made by Chief Justice Warren Burger on Nightline. On June 20 Britain replaces its O-level and CSE exams with the GCSE exam. On June 22 the name of Urfa, Turkey is changed to Sanliurfa. On June 22 British daredevil Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (1950-) launches Virgin Atlantic Airlines with a single leased plane from Boeing; in 1988 it offers economy-class passengers individual video machines; in 1989 it gives business-class passengers free manicures and massages. On June 24 1M Catholics demonstrate in Paris against unsavory private school (ecole libre) reform, and on July 12 French pres. Francois Mitterrrand announces the repeal of the Jan. 26, 1984 Savary Law, which had attempted to integrate Catholic schools into the state system, causing education minister Alain Savary (1918-88) and PM (since May 22, 1981) Pierre Mauroy, who had flopped from Socialism to support of private schools to resign on July 17, and Mitterrand to move towards the political center, appointing fabulous new PM Laurent Fabius (1946-) (whose father is a Sephardic Jew art dealer) as French PM #9 (until Mar. 20, 1986), appointing a new all-Socialist cabinet, ending the Socialist-Communist coalition; proposed cuts in the pay of workers don't compensate for proposed tax cuts, and Mitterrand's popularity continues to sag. On June 25 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in Chevron USA Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council Inc. to define the doctrine of Chevron Deference, the limits of deference to a govt. agency's interpretation of a statute it administers; on Apr. 21, 1999 in U.S. v. Haggar Apparel Co. it rules unanimously to back it for regulations issued by Customs on behalf of the Treasury. On June 27 a gen. strike in Uruguay shuts down the economy. In the summer Nicaraguan exile Marta Healy invites Contra rebels to her Miami home to meet George Morales, a champion power boat racer and drug trafficker under indictment in the U.S.; the rebels get an OK from the CIA to accept airplanes and cash from the drug dealer while still receiving CIA money under the table. On July 1 a constituent assembly controlled by the reformist Christian Dem. Party (DCG) is elected in Guatemala to write a new constitution for this violence-plagued banana republic. On July 1 after Prince Hans-Adam II (b. 1945) assumes the responsibilities but not the title of the principality of Liechtenstein (pop. 26K) from his father Franz Joseph II, a referendum of male voters finally grants women the right to vote after rejecting it in 1973 and 1973, becoming a big V for the horny, er, prince. On July 2 Scrabble, hosted by Chuck "Two and Two" Woolery (1941-) debuts on NBC-TV, running for 1,335 episodes before being canceled on June 11, 1993, with a hiatus from Mar. 23, 1990 to Jan. 18, 1993; in the fall of 1985 announcer Jew Stew, er, Jay Stewart (Jay Fixx) (1918-89) is replaced by Neb.-born Charlie Tuna (Art Ferguson). On July 3 the U.S. Supreme Court rules in Roberts v. U.S. Jaycees that states can force the Jaycees to admit women. On July 4 the torch on the Statue of Liberty is extinguished for a major restoration; it is relit two years later to the day. On July 5 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Segura vs. U.S. Supreme Court to weaken the 70-y.-o. "exclusionary rule", ruling that evidence seized with defective court warrants "in good faith" can be used against defendants in criminal trials - how defective? On July 9 fire damages the York Minster Cathedral in England. On July 11 New York enacts the nation's first compulsory seat belt law. On July 12 Dem. pres. candidate Walter F. Mondale announces that he has chosen N.Y. U.S. Rep. Geraldine Anne Ferraro (1935-2011) to be his running mate; "It has such a nice ring to it" (Ferraro) - veep, running mate, or her name? On July 16-20 the 1984 Dem. Nat. Convention in San Francisco, Calif. chooses Walter Mondale for pres. over Colo. Sen. Gary Hart; Geraldine A. Ferraro wins the vice-pres. nomination by acclamation on July 19; N.Y. Gov. Mario Cuomo's keynote address on July 16 is said to do more to promote his political rep than any oratory since William Jennings Bryan; on July 17 Rev. Jesse Jackson attempts to best him, turning the convention into a revival?; on July 16 150K union workers and 100K gay activists stage separate Anti-Reagan Marches. Getting into the pre-puberty Millennium Fever spirit at the Golden Arches? On July 18 (3:59 p.m. PDT) pissed-off unemployed welder James Oliver Huberty (1942-84) opens fire with a semiautomatic rifle, shotgun, and pistol at a McDonald's fast food restaurant in San Ysidro, Calif., killing 21 and injuring 19 before being shot dead by police. On July 21 a robot kills a human in an industrial accident. On July 23 Miss America (since Sept. 17, 1983) Vanessa Lynn Williams (1963-) (first African-Am.) becomes the first Miss America to resign her title over staged 1982 nude interracial lezzie photos pub. in Penthouse mag.; Playboy mag. refused to pub. the photos because they weren't authorized and would embarrass her; she rebounds as a successful entertainer. On July 26 the New Zealand Labour Party under new PM #32 (until Aug. 8, 1989) David Russell Lange (1942-2005) comes to power, winning an election by promising to protest French nuclear testing in the South Pacific, and banning all nuclear-powered or nuclear-armed ships. On July 28-Aug. 12 the XXIII (23rd) Summer Olympics are held in Los Angeles, Calif. after the Soviets pull out on May 7-8, and 13 other Communist nations follow suit (Romania attends); 6,797 athletes from 140 nations compete in 221 events in 23 sports; the first privately-funded games (profit $200M), featuring a new IOC trust fund set up in 1985 at the urging of Edwin Moses to subsidize athletes; the official mascot is Sam the Olympic Eagle; the opening ceremonies feature 80 grand pianos; the 9,320 mi. all-by-foot torch relay from New York City to LA involves 3,616 different runners, incl. 200 from sponsor AT&T; John Williams composes Olympic Fanfare and Theme for it; synchronized swimming, rhythmic gymnastics, and wind surfing debut; tennis (last seen in the 1924 Summer Olympics) is a demo sport, and baseball holds its 6th exhibition; the opening ceremony features Bill Suitor arriving in a Bell Aerosystems Jet Pack (Tyler Rocketbelt); the U.S. wins a lopsided share (83) of gold medals, West Germany is 2nd with 59, and Romania is 3rd with 20; Frederick Carlton "Carl" Lewis (1961-) equals Jesse Owens in 1936 by winning four golds (100m, 200m, 4x100m relay, long jump); Greg Louganis (1960-) of the U.S. wins gold in springboard and platform diving; the marathon is watched by 1M in person; Joan Benoit Samuelson (1957-) of the U.S. wins the first-ever Olympic women's marathon; Evelyn Ashford (1957-) of the U.S. wins the 100m gold with a world record 10.76 sec. (first under 11 sec.), while Gabi Andersen-Schiess of Switzerland upstages her with a stumbling last lap; Zola Budd (1966-) of South Africa (representing the U.K. to get around the apartheid problem) bumps U.S. runner Mary Decker Slaney (1958-) off the track in the 3 km for a pity party moment, allowing Marcica Puica to win; Nawal El Moutawakel (1962-) of Morocco becomes the first female medal winner from an Islamic nation (400m hurdles); Mary Lou Retton (1968-) of the U.S. becomes the first gymnast outside Eastern Europe to win the gymnastics all-round competition after only 1 of 11 women who won golds in the 1983 World Championships compete; Kiwi archer Neroli Susan Fairhall (1944-2006) becomes the first paraplegic athlete in the Olympics, placing 35th; the first privately-financed Olympics (organized by Peter Ueberroth); the debut of the Fuji Blimp; the first Summer Olympics to turn a profit since the 1932 Los Angeles Summer Olympics. On Aug. 1 Australia deregulates its banks. On Aug. 1 a bus plunges off the Karakoram Highway into the Indus River in Baiji, N Pakistan, killing 27. On Aug. 1 a trailer hauling six live Navy torpedoes overturns on a sharp curve in the complicated I-70 interchange off I-25 in downtown Denver, Colo., dubbed the Mousetrap by airborne radio traffic reporter Don Martin in the 1960s. On Aug. 10 Nat. Reconstruction Front leader Leon Febres Cordero Ribadeneyra (1931-2008) becomes pres. of Ecuador (until Aug. 10, 1988) after narrowly winning two rounds of voting, but combined opposition parties win a majority in the 71-seat Congress large enough to block his actions. On Aug. 11 Pres. Reagan sparks controversy when he utters the We Begin Bombing in Five Minutes Joke during a voice test on NPR for a paid political radio address that he had "signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever - we begin bombing in five minutes"; it was never broadcast, but that doesn't stop the Soviet Far East Army from going on alert for 30 min. On Aug. 13 King Hassan II of Morocco startles the Reagan admin. by signing an Arabic-African Union Treaty with Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi, which leads to the African Union on July 9, 2002. On Aug. 16 John De Lorean is acquitted of all eight charges of possessing and distributing cocaine. On Aug. 20 UNICEF reports that 7M face starvation in Ethiopia, which is suffering its worst drought in a decade, along with violence; in Nov. Eritrean secessionists seize a famine relief center in Koren, cutting off supplies to thousands; by the end of the year 300K die, followed by 500K more next year, when foreign grain supplies stop the dying. On Aug. 20-23 the 1984 Repub. Nat. Convention in Dallas, Tex. renominates Ronald Reagan and George Herbert Walker Bush; the slogan is "It's Morning Again for America"; on Aug. 23 Reagan's acceptance speech contains the soundbyte "In the party of Lincoln, there is no room for intolerance... Many people are welcome in our house, but not the bigots." On Aug. 21 500K demonstrate in Manilla, Philippines against Ferdinand Marcos. On Aug. 24 seven Sikhs hijack an Indian Airlines flight en route from Delhi to Srinagar to the UAE, where all passengers are released. On Aug. 25 the Soviets successfully test cruise missiles. On Aug. 26 a bus plunges into a 13-ft.-deep irrigation canal near Salkot, Nepal, killing 25. On Aug. 28 Josef Fritzl (1935-) incarcerates his daughter Elisabeth Fritzl (b. 1966) in a secret cellar in Amstetten, Austria, where he sexually abuses her; she isn't discovered and freed until Apr. 2008 after 24 years. On Aug. 30 U.S. Nat. Security Council advisor Thomas C. Reed is indicted on insider trading charges, and resigns and pays a $427K fine - you're not supposed to believe any of this? On Aug. 30-Sept. 5 Space Shuttle Discovery makes its first flight (STS-41-D), carrying astronauts Henry Warren "Hank" Hartsfield Jr. (1933-) , Michael Lloyd Coats (1946-), Steven Alan Hawley (1951-), Judith Arlene Resnick (1949-86) (2nd Jew in space), Richard Mullane, and Charles Waler, who deploy three satellites and test a solar sail; on Nov. 8 the 2nd Discovery mission is launched carrying astronauts Frederick Hauck, David Walker, Anna Fisher, Dale Gardner and Joseph "Joe" Allen; on Nov. 12 Gardner and Allen snare a wandering Palapa B-2 sattelite and secure it in the cargo bay for return to Earth in the first space salvage in history; on Nov. 14 they rescue a 2nd satellite. On Sept. 2 (Father's Day) the Milperra Massacre sees a shootout between the rival Bandidos and Comancheros motorcycle gangs in Milperra, SW Sydney, Australia, killing seven incl. a 14-y.-o. girl, and wounding 12. On Sept. 4 the Sandinista Front wins gen. elections in Nicaragua. On Sept. 5 Western Australia becomes the last Australian state to abolish capital punishment. On Sept. 5 a bus plunges into a 3.3K-ft. gorge near Shillong, India in heavy fog, killing 29 and injuring 25. On Sept. 10 a full Communist regime is proclaimed in Ethiopia, with Mengistu Haile Mariam (1937-) leader of the Derg (Dergue) military junta which governed Ethiopia since 1974; meanwhile the country is in the throes of the worst famine in a decade, with 6M of its 43M pop. on the edge of starvation - and 7 million Ethiopian jokes swapped by U.S. rednecks? On Sept. 10 Merv Griffin's new revamped TV game show "Jeopardy!", hosted by Canadian Ukrainian-French emcee Alex Trebek (1940-2020) (from Sudbury, Ont., not Montreal, Quebec) debuts on ABC-TV (he also produces); the first mustachioed TV game show host since Groucho Marx; Johnny Gilbert (1924-) is the announcer; the show goes on to become the greatest game show of all time, a Medieval worthiness test like jousting, a whole body-soul experience, covering the ever-growing globe of knowledge while always staying near the surface, with no two shows ever the same, as fresh as last week's news yet liable to cover anything back to the beginning of the Great Track of Time; the contestants get to become King of the World for a shining moment; becoming a five-time winner is an experience savored for life, validating one's entire existence, and better than winning a Pulitzer Prize for bragging rights at the bar?; it takes until Mar. 16, 2007 for a 3-way tie to occur. On Sept. 14 after Yitzhak Shamir fails to stabilize the inflationary economy, Shimon Peres (1923-) of the Labor Alignment Party becomes Israeli PM #8 (until Oct. 20, 1986), heading a coalition govt. with the Likud Party of Yitzhak Shamir, with Shamir succeeding him after 25 mo. On Sept. 18 Joe Kittinger becomes the first person to cross the Atlantic Ocean solo in a hot air balloon. On Sept. 18 Frank Lupo's Hunter debuts on NBC-TV for 153 episodes (until Apr. 26, 1991), starring 6'6" ex-Los Angeles Rams defensive end John Frederick "Fred" Dyer (1946-) as LAPD Sgt. Rick Hunter ("Works for me"), and Stepfanie Kramer (1956-) as Sgt. Dee Dee McCall. On Sept. 19 Highway to Heaven debuts on NBC-TV for 111 episodes (until Aug. 4, 1989), starring Michael Landon as Jonathan Smith, an angel send down to Earth on probation, and Victor French as his human partner-friend Mark Gordon, who are given assignments by the Boss to use their humanity and "the Stuff" to help troubled souls by assuming false identities in various cities. On Sept. 20 a Hezbollah suicide car bomber attacks the U.S. Embassy annex in N Beirut, killing 22. On Sept. 20 The Cosby Show debuts on NBC-TV for 197 episodes (until Apr. 30, 1992), starring William Henry "Bill" Cosby (1937-) as African-Am. physician Heathcliff "Cliff" Huxtable, Phylicia Rashad (Phylicia Ayers Allen) (1948-) as his wife Clair Olivia Hanks Huxtable, along with their urbane upper middle class black Brooklyn children, incl. Sabrina Le Beauf (1958-) as Sondra Huxtable Tibideaux, Lisa Michelle Bonet (1967-) as Denise Huxtable Kendall, Malcolm-Jamal Warner(1970-) as Theodore Aloysius "Theo" Huxtable, and Tempestt Bledsoe (1973-) as Vanessa Huxtable; Cosby wears Coogi brand sweaters, starting a fashion. On Sept. 20 Who's the Boss? (original title "You're the Boss") debuts on ABC-TV for 196 episodes (until Apr. 25, 1992), starring Tony Danza (Anthony Salvatore Iadanza) (1951-) as widowed retired St. Louis Cardinals 2nd baseman Anthony Morton "Tony" Micelli, who moves to Fairfield, Conn. and ends up working as a housekeeper for divorced ad exec Angela Bower, played by Judith Ellen Light (1949-); Alyssa Jayne Milano (1972-) plays Tony's daughter Samantha Micelli, Daniel John "Danny" Pintauro (1976-) plays Angela's son Jonathan Bower, and Katherine Marie Helmond (1928-) plays Angela's "sexually progressive mother" Mona Robinson, who does them all from college age to old age; the joke is that Angela brings in the moolah while Tony runs the house. On Sept. 22 Paramount Pictures head Michael Dammann "Mike" Eisner (1942-) becomes head of the Walt Disney Co. (until Sept. 23, 2005). On Sept. 22 French Pres. Mitterrand and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl hold hands in Verdun, France in a symbolic reconciliation over WWI. On Sept. 23 former French pres. (1974-81) Valery Giscard d'Estaing is elected to the French nat. assembly, going on to back the EU along with a United States of Europe. On Sept. 24 Pres. Reagan signs the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration (Hatch-Waxman) Act, expanding availability of low-cost generic drugs. On Sept. 24 a bus plunges into a gorge in Uttar Pradesh, India, killing 42 and injuring 15. In Sept. after returning from exile in Miami in 1978, and running for pres. of Panama again, former pres. (1940-1, 1949-51, 1968) Arnulfo Arias (1901-88) is leading in the count by a landslide when Manuel Noriega steps in and halts the count, stuffs the ballot box, then decalres that his candidate Nicolas Ardito Barletta (1938-) won by exactly 1,713 votes, after which Barletta is called Fraudito (little fraud); Arias flees to Miami again for the rest of his life; Fraudito is sworn in on Oct. 11 (until next Sept. 28). In Sept. the Fla. citrus industry suffers from citrus canker, causing the state govt. to forbid harvest of 800K acres of commercial orange and grapefruit groves. On Oct. 3 Richard William Miller becomes the first FBI agent to be arrested and charged with espionage; he is tried 3x, sentenced to 20 years in priz, but released after 9 years. On Oct. 4 Tim Macartney-Snape and Greg Mortimer become the first Australians to summit Mt. Everest. On Oct. 5-13 the U.S. Space Shuttle conducts 10 scientific experiments for the Canadian govt., carrying astronauts Joseph Jean-Pierre Marc Garneau (1949-) (first Canadian in space), Robert Crippen, David Leestma, Jon McBride, Sally Ride (1951-2012), Paul Scully-Power, and Kathryn D. Sullivan, deploying the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, and using the Sir-B Radar System to see beneath the surface of desert sand; on Oct. 11 Sullivan becomes the first U.S. woman to walk in space. On Oct. 6 the San Diego Padres defeat the Chicago Cubs in Game 4 of the NL championship series with a 2-run homer by former Dodgers 1st baseman (1969-82) Steve Garvey (1948-); on Oct. 9-14 the Detroit Tigers (AL) defeat the San Diego Padres (NL) 4-1 to win the Eighty-First (81st) World Series, the first presided over by commissioner Peter Ueberroth. On Oct. 7 the 1st Reagan-Mondale U.S. Pres. Debate in Louisville, Ky., hosted by Barbara Walters of ABC-TV on domestic and economic policy sees Reagan appear tired and confused, scoring points for Mondale; on Oct. 21 after late Sept. polls give Reagan a 54% approval rating, making this Mondale's last chance, the 2nd Reagan-Mondale U.S. Pres. Debate in Kansas City, Mo. is hosted by Edwin Newman of NBC-TV, and focuses on internat. policy and nat. defense; after asserting that he's in full command of a strengthened U.S., Reagan utters the soundbyte "I have said on a number of occasions exactly what I believe about the Soviet Union. I retract nothing that I have said. I believe that many of the things they have done are evil in any concept of morality that we have... and I told Mr. Gromyko that we don't like their system"; when asked if he thought he was too old to serve another term, Reagan give his reply: "I want you to know that also I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience", drawing a laugh from everybody incl. Mondale, who knows he's not going to be pres. now. On Oct. 10 the Los Angeles, Calif. area becomes plagued by a series of fires costing millions and killing four lives, mainly in stores, attributed to the Pillow Pyro, who likes to use the cigarette in the matchbook trick; they turn out to all be set by fire capt. and arson investigator John Leonard Orr (1949-), who failed his LAPD entrance exam, and often investigates his own fires, incl. the first one, which he insists is arson even though others declare it an electrical fire; he is arrested in 1991 and sentenced to life in priz in 1998. On Oct. 11 the whorehouse at 307 W. 7th St. in New York City of "Mayflower Madam" Sidney Biddle Barrows (1952-) (AKA Sheila Devin) (descendant of the Barrows family who landed at Plymouth Rock in 1620) is busted, leading to her Oct. 16 arrest; she cops a plea and is let off with a $5K fine; her list of 3K clients incl. the high and mighty. On Oct. 12 U.S. Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 is signed by Pres. Ronald Reagan, becoming the first comprehensive U.S. criminal code revision since the early 1900s; it reinstitutes the federal death penalty, provides for civil forfeiture of assets of organized crime, and incl. the U.S. Sentencing Reform Act, standardizing criminal sentences, but on the highest of high sides, eliminating parole and leaving judges no individual discretion, causing many shocking injustices; it also incl. the U.S. Armed Career Criminal Act is also passed, providing sentence enhancements for felons committing crimes with firearms with a three strikes provision; the net result is a doubling of the federal prison pop. On Oct. 12 the Grand Hotel (Brighton) Bombing in Brighton, Englnd sees British PM Margaret Thatcher and hubby Denis along with most of the cabinet nearly killed by a time bomb set by Provisional IRA member Patrick Joseph Magee (1951-) (AKA the Brighton Bomber) that kills five, incl. Conservative MP (since 1964) Sir Anthony George Berry (b. 1925), and injures 32; Magee is convicted in June 1986. On Oct. 18 Am. actor-model Jon-Erik Hexum (b. 1957) gives the phrase "dumb blonde" a new twist when he shoots himself in the head with a .44 Magnum revolver loaded with blanks and kills himself on the set of the CBS-TV series "Cover Up", about fashion models doubling as secret agents. On Oct. 19 pro-Solidarity priest Jerzy Popieluszko (b. 1947) is kidnapped by Polish secret police; on Oct. 30 his body is found in a reservoir on the Vistula River, causing a public outcry; on Dec. 27 four Polish officers are tried, and convicted next Feb.; on June 6, 2010 the Roman Catholic Church beatifies him. On Oct. 19 Pres. Reagan signs the 1984 U.S. Nat. Organ Transplant Act, sponsored by U.S. Reps. Al Gore and Orrin Hatch, outlawing the sale of human organs, and establishing the Task Force on Organ Transplanation along with the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. On Oct. 20 Elisabeth Kopp (1936-) becomes the first woman elected to the Swiss Federal Council (until Jan. 12, 1989). On Oct. 20 China announces economic reforms incl. a plan to lift govt. price subsidies, promises to relax party control over enterprises, and extension of the incentive system granted to farmers in 1979 to cities, with wages and bonuses linked to job performance, along with increased independence of enterprises, officially embracing the Capitalist commodity economy. On Oct. 22 Palestinian Muslim terrorist Issa Abd Rabbo hunts and murders Israeli hikers Ron Levi and Ravital Seri to "avenge Muhammad's blood"; after being sentenced to life in prison, he is released along with 103 other terrorists in Oct. 2003 as a condition for renewed negotiations with the Palestinian Authority. On Oct. 23 after the African Nat. Congress (ANC) stir up anti-govt. riots in July, South African troops raid Sebokeng and three other black townships to suppress riots that began on Sept. 2, arresting 358, then withdrawing on Oct. 24, leaving police to mop up, causing the United Dem. Front to call the action "akin to civil war"; on Nov. 5-6 a massive black strike in Johannesburg and Pretoria demands release of political prisoners et al.; on Dec. 6 the South Africa Catholic Bishops' Conference releases a report claiming that 150 have been killed in disturbances since Sept., and that 4K may be killed in the next two years. On Oct. 23 BBC-TV reports on the Ethiopian famine, giving it its first global publicity; on Oct. 25 the European Economic Community (EEC) pledges Ł1.8M in aid; on Nov. 25 the British-Irish charity supergroup Band Aid, founded by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure records the single "Do They Know It's Christmas? to raise money for aid, and releases it on Dec. 3, going #1 in the U.K. for Christmas. On Oct. 24 the Calcutta Metro Railway (begun 1973) opens with a 3.4km section between Esplanade and Bhowanipur; by 1995 it covers 16.5km with 17 stations, 15 underground and one elevated to serve a city of 11M, along with a 68km tram. On Oct. 31 after uttering the Oct. 30 soundbyte "I don't mind if my life goes in the service of the nation - if I die today every drop of my blood will invigorate the nation", Indian PM (since Jan. 14, 1980) Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (nee Nehru) (b. 1917) is assassinated by two Sikh members of her personal guard to avenge the Golden Temple of Amristar; 1K+ are killed in anti-Sikh riots; her eldest son (grandson of Nehru) ("Mister Clean") (a pilot) (Zoroastrian) Rajiv Ratna Gandhi (1944-91) becomes PM #6 of India (until Dec. 2, 1989); in Nov. riots in New Delhi and other cities kill 2K+ Sikhs. On Nov. 2 Margie Velma Barfield (nee Bullard) (b. 1932), convicted of the fatal poisoning of her boyfriend is executed by lethal injection in Raleigh, N.C., becoming the first woman executed in the U.S. since 1962, and the first woman executed by lethal injection. On Nov. 4 the first pres. elections since 1974 in Nicaragua result in an 80% turnout of the country's 1.55M voters, with Communist Sandanista Nat. Liberation Front (FSLN) leader Jose Daniel Ortega Saavedra (1945-) winning with 60% after telling the U.S. Gen. Assembly that the U.S. is planning to invade like in Grenada; opposition leader Arturo Jose Cruz boycotts the election, calling it "totally ridiculous and illegitimate", which is backed by the U.S. State Dept., although foreign observers find no irregularities. On Nov. 6 (Tues.) after an upbeat "Morning in America" campaign, the 1984 U.S. Pres. Election sees U.S. Pres. Ronald Reagan and vice-pres. George H.W. Bush easily win reelection with a record 525 electoral votes to 13 for Dem. candidates Walter F. Mondale and Geraldine A. Ferraro, who carry only Mondale's home state of Minn. and the District of Columbia; 53.3% of the electorate votes for pres., and Reagan receives 54.5M popular votes (58.8%) versus Mondale's 37.6M popular votes (40.6%), giving Reagan a total of 1,014 electoral votes in his two elections against his opponents' combined 62; the Repubs. retain control of the Senate and gain seats in the House; Dem. "Miss Jane in The Beverly Hillbillies" actress Nancy Jane Kulp (1921-91) loses the U.S. Congressional race in Va. after former co-star Buddy "Jedd Clampett" Ebsen tapes an ad for her Repub. opponent Bud Shuster, saying "Hey Nancy, I love you dearly, but you're too liberal for me"; W.Va. gov. #29 (since 1977) John Davison "Jay" Rockefeller IV (1937-) is elected Dem. U.S. Sen. for W. Va. (until ?). On Nov. 9 UFW leader Cesar Chavez delivers his What the Future Holds for Farm Workers and Hispanics Speech at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco, Calif. On Nov. 10 former Congo-Brazzaville pres. (1977-9) Joachim Yhombi Opango is released from house arrest and sworn-in for a second term as pres. until Sept. 1987, when he is rearrested for plotting a rightist coup, then re-released on Aug. 14, 1990 (30th anniv. of independence). On Nov. 14 Ferdinand Marcos critic Cesar Cortez Climaco (b. 1916), mayor of Zamboanga City since 1953, who refused to cut his hair until dem. rule is restored in the Philippines is assassinated. On Nov. 15 after leftist demonstrations against Gen. Augusto Pinochet, police raid the slum district of La Victoria in Santiago, Chile, and arrest 32K suspected leftists, holding them for questioning in a soccer stadium. On Nov. 16 Kenova, W. Va.-born Robert Joseph "Bobby Joe" Long (1953-) is arrested after abducting, sexually assaulting, and murdering 10+ women in the Tampa Bay, Fla. area during an 8-mo. period; he receives 26 life sentences without parole and seven more with possible parole in 25 years, along with a sentence of death by electrocution - the lawyer flies zoom in on the manure? On Nov. 18 the Soviets help deliver U.S. wheat during the Ethiopian famine. On Nov. 19 (05:35 a.m.) a 50K-barrel Pemex LPG Terminal in San Juan Ixhuatepec on the edge of Mexico City explodes, killing 500 and destroying 300 homes. On Nov. 21 secret Operation Moses (ends Jan. 5) transports 7.8K Falashas (Ethiopian Jews) from Sudan to Israel aboard chartered Belgian Trans European Airline planes; too bad, Sudan breaks the secrecy, causing Arab countries to pressure them to stop the airlift, leaving 2K Falashas behind, causing the U.S. to plan another airlift; "For the first time in history, thousands of black people are being brought into a country not in chains but as citizens" (William Safire). On Nov. 25 the military regime repressing Uruguay and ruining its economy for 12 years finally permits election of a civilian govt., and moderate Julio Mario Sanguinetti Coirolo (1936-) of the Colorado Party is elected pres., and sworn in next Mar. 1 (until Mar. 1, 1990, then again from Mar. 1995-Mar. 2000); he immediately pardons leftist Tupamoro rebels but won't allow criminal trials for former military leaders on human rights charges. On Nov. 25 William J. Schroeder (1932-86) of Jasper, Ind. becomes the 2nd man to receive a Jarvik-7 artificial heart at Humana Hospital Audubon in Ky. On Nov. 25 an East Rail train derails between Sheung Shui and Fanling stations in Hong Kong. On Nov. 25 a bus returning from the Black Sea collides with a truck in heavy fog in Cankiri, Turkey, killing 30 and injuring 24. On Nov. 28 leaving Chicago's behind, Phil Donahue heads to New York City for his wife Marlo Thomas, taking his daily talk show with him which reaches an estimated 7M viewers each episode. On Nov. 28 Robert Dole is elected U.S. Senate majority (Repub.) leader. On Nov. 28 William Penn (1644-1718) and his wife Hannah Callowhill Penn (1671-1726) are made honorary citizens of the U.S. after 250 years. On Nov. 28 Ryanair is founded in Swords, Dublin, Ireland as a low-cost airline operating out of Dublin and Lon Stansted airports, growing to 439 Boeing 737-800 aircraft and 225 destinations in 37 countries in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East incl. Israel and Jordan, becoming Ireland's biggest airline; it commences operations next July 8. On Nov. 30 the Tamil Tigers begin purging Sinhalese from N and E Sri Lanka. In Nov. the CIA concludes that it can't resume aid to the Costa Rican-based Contras because "everybody around Pastora was involved in cocaine". In Nov. Bolivian pres. Hernan Siles Suazo bows to the 1000% inflation rate and drug scandals, and calls an election for 1985, even though his term isn't up until 1986, because he was originally elected in 1980. In Nov. the Bust of the Century is made when $2.5B of marijuana is found in the Chihuahua, Mexico complex owned by Rafael Caro Quintero (1954-). On Dec. 1 NASA crashes a remote-controlled Boeing 720 in a demonstration. On Dec. 2 Bob Hawke's govt. is reelected in Australia with a reduced majority. On Dec. 2-3 (night) deadly methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas leaks from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradhes, , killing 3,787 and injuring 558,125, 3.9K of them permanently disabling, incl. blinding; up to 15K allegedly later die from the delayed effects, incl. cancer, TB, and birth defects; the Indian govt. sues Union Carbide for $3B, and the Indian supreme court in Feb. 1989 orders them to pay $470M in damages; on June 7, 2010 chmn.-CEO Warren Anderson (1921-2014) and six other employees are convicted of negligent homicide and sentenced to 2 years in jail and a $2K fine. On Dec. 3-8 Kuwait Airways Flight 221 (A-310 Airbus) en route from Kuwait City to Karachi carrying 161 passengers and crew is hijacked by 4-5 Arab-speaking Lebanese Hezbollah Shiite terrorists to Tehran's Mehrabad Airport, where two Am. USAID officials Charles Hegna and William Stanford are shot dead and dumped on the snowy tarmac; after all but a few dozen passengers are released, Iranian security officials dressed as custodians board and take the plane, then release the hijackers, giving away that it was all staged. On Dec. 4 Bronze Age artifiacts are uncovered from a 3.4K-y.-o. shipwreck. On Dec. 11 Benjamin Netanyahu gives a speech to the U.N. Gen. Assembly on why Jordan is the real Palestine, with the soundbyte: "Clearly, in Eastern and Western Palestine, there are only two peoples, the Arabs and the Jews. Just as clearly, there are only two states in that area, Jordan and Israel. The Arab State of Jordan, containing some three million Arabs, does not allow a single Jew to live there. It also contains 4/5 of the territory originally allocated by this body's predecessor, the League of Nations, for the Jewish national home. The other state, Israel, has a population of over four million, of which 1/6 is Arab. It contains less than 1/5 of the territory originally allocated to the Jews under the Mandate... It cannot be said, therefore, that the Arabs of Palestine are lacking a state of their own. The demand for a second Palestinian Arab State in Western Palestine, and a 22nd Arab State in the world, is merely the latest attempt to push Israel back into the hopelessly vulnerable armistice lines of 1949." On Dec. 12 Mohammed Khouna Ould Haidallah (in power since 1978) is ousted by a coup when he is out of the country led by army chief of staff and PM (since 1981) Col. Maaouya Ould Sidi Ahmed (Sid'Ahmed) Taya (1941-), who becomes pres. (chmn. of the military committee for nat. salvation) (until Aug. 3, 2005), going on to continue the policy of discrimination by white Moors against blacks. On Dec. 14 after the fall in world sugar prices along with financial problems with trading partner Mexico depress the economy, the first nat. election in Belize sees 6-term PM George Price of the People's United Party lose to right-wing Dem. Party candidate Manuel Esquivel (1940-), who on Dec. 17 becomes PM #2 of Belize (until Sept. 7, 1989); Price also loses his Nat. Assembly seat to 25-y.-o. Derek Aikman. Merry Christmas, sucka? On Dec. 19 after signing an initial agreement on Sept. 26, British PM Margaret Thatcher and Chinese PM Zhao Ziyang sign the Sino-British Joint Declaration, effective Sept. 17, 1985, agreeing to return Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997; China pledges to grant Hong Kong a high degree of autonomy and allow it to retain its capitalist system for 50 years. On Dec. 19 a fire at the Wilberg Mine near Orangeville, Utah kills 18 miners and nine co officials, which is later blamed on a faulty air compressor and inadequate escape routes, becoming the worst coal mine fire in Utah history (until ?). On Dec. 21 after catching pres. (since Jan. 4, 1980) Ould Haidalla out of the country, former army chief of staff and PM (1981-) Col. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1941-) seizes power, becoming pres. of Mauritania (until Aug. 3, 2005). On Dec. 21 three gunmen attack two Merrill Lynch Canada couriers in Montreal, Quebec and escape with $51.3M in securities. Merry Christmas, sucka II? On Dec. 22 New York's "Subway Vigilante" (an engineer) Bernhard Hugo "Bernie" Goetz (1947-) shoots at and wounds four black teens (Barry Allen, Troy Canty, James Ramseur, Darrell Cabey) in the Seventh Ave. 2 Express subway in Manhattan, then flees into a tunnel after telling a motorman that they tried to rob him; after the victims all turn out to have criminal records, but Cabey ends up a paraplegic, it sparks a nat. debate on vigilantism vs. legitimate self-defense, his claims of self-defense get him acquitted of attempted murder in 1987 in a trial where atty. William Kunstler represents Cabey; the other three wounded teens all go to jail; Goetz ends up convicted of illegal weapon possession and serves 8 mo. On Dec. 22 Dom Mintoff resigns, and his senior deputy Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici (1933-) becomes PM of Malta (until M1y 12, 1987), the first not to be elected, going on to direct a war against the Roman Catholic Church, confiscating church property and taking over church schools. On Dec. 23 an overcrowded passenger bus plunges off an expressway in Apaseo Grande, Guanajuato, Mexico, killing 22 and injuring 35. On Dec. 24 an overcrowded bus skids off a steep bank on Wapadsberg Mountain in Eastern Cape, South Africa, killing 42 and injuring 25. On Dec. 26 The Body in the Library, the first in a series about Agatha Christie's Miss Jane Marple debuts on BBC-TV (until 1992), starring Joan Hickson (1906-98). On Dec. 27 the New York Times pub. an article about the white supremacist group The Order (Bruder Schweigen), which stages robberies in Calif. and Wash. "to raise money for a war upon the United States Government, which the group calls 'ZOG', or Zionist Occupation Government". On Dec. 28 a Soviet cruise missile plunges into Inarijarvi Lake in Finnish Lapland; Finnish authorities don't announce it until Jan. 3. On Dec. 31 after Pres. Reagan's envoy Jean Broward Gerard (nee Shevlin) (1938-96) reports on its mismanagement and anti-Western politicization, the U.S. pulls out of UNESCO, followed by Britain and Singapore. On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 1,211.56 (vs. 1,046.55 at the end of 1983). In Dec. Kenya and Somalia sign a peace agreement in Cairo, and Somalia renounces its territorial claims. In Dec. in China Zhang Ruimin (1949-) takes over the helm of the Haier Group, a failing refrigerator manufacturer in the port city of Qingdao, and turns it around, going on to become the world's 4th largest white appliances co. In Dec. Socialist govt. of Spain permanently shuts down its nuclear facilities. In Dec. Pvt. Ian Thain (1955-) becomes the first British soldier to be charged with murdering a civilian in Northern Ireland; the charge is reduced to manslaughter, and he is acquitted. In Dec. Aussie singer Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022) marries Portland, Ore.-born "Xanadu" dancer Matt Lattanzi (1959-) (until 1995); they have 1 daughter, Chloe Rose Lattanzi (1986-). Abdul Halim Khaddam (1932-) becomes vice-pres. of Syria (until June 6, 2005). Yugoslavia tries the Belgrade Six, dissident intellectuals incl. Vladimir Mijanovic and Milan Nikolic, raising internat. protests. The Reagan admin. halts U.S. funding of internat. birth control programs. The U.S. Equal Access Act requires federally-funded secondary schools to provide equal access to extracurricular clubs, incl. Bible study programs and gay-straight alliances. Farooq Abdullah is replaced as pres. of Kashmir by a pro-Congress govt. under GM Shah. IBM successfully appeals its 1982 antitrust breakup; this turns out to be bad news for investors, as its stock only increases about 11% per year by the end of 1999, compared with 14.3% for the S&P 500. Brothels are legalized in Victoria, Australia on a temporary basis, and it later falls through the er, cracks. The city council of New York City passes Local Law 63, banning sex, racial, and other discrimination in private clubs with more than 400 members whose employees pay dues. The Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) (United Nat. Movement) in Pakistan is founded, becoming the 3rd largest and largest liberal party; until 1997 it is Muhajir ("immigrant") Qaumi Movement; after 9/11 it organizes rallies protesting al-Qaida. The Shas Party in Israel is founded by conservative Sephardic Jews. The U.S. State Dept. pub. its first Report to the Congress on Voting Practices in the United Nations; by the 2018 report U.N. member states vote with the U.S. only 31% of the time, vs. 10% the year before, despite U.S. taxpayers paying for 22% of the U.N. budget; by 2018 Zimbabwe has voted zero times with the U.S. despite receiving $58M/year aid. The Roman Catholic Church rolls in the mud of several scandals at once? In Italy the Vatican pays $244M for its part in a bank scandal that caused the collapse of an Italian bank; Fr. Gilbert Gauthe in La. is indicted for sexual abuse of altar boys, beginning the pedophile sex scandal in the U.S. Catholic Church; meanwhile, talking about scandals, the Roman Catholic Church finally gets around to admitting that the little ole Inquisition was in error in its 1632 condemnation of Galileo's support of the Copernican theory of the Solar System. The militant Islamic Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is formed as a splinter group from the Moro Nat. Liberation Front (founded 1968) to create a separate Islamist state in the S Philippines; its main funder is Libyan dictator Madman Daffy. Egypt replaces the hawk on its flag with the eagle of Saladin. The first mosque opens in Zagreb, Croatia; the last mosque was destroyed by Communist partisans in 1944-8. Am. comedian Jerry Lewis receives the French Legion of Honor for his fundraising work for muscular dystrophy. The New Age Aum Shinrikyo ("Supreme Truth") (later called Aleph) cult is founded in Tokyo, Japan by Shoko Asahara (1955-), ending up getting listed by several govts. as a terrorist org. Pres. Reagan signs a law establishing the U.S. Inst. of Peace (USIP) in Washington, D.C., with the mission of providing analysis of world conflicts; the HQ at 2301 Constitution Ave. is finished in 2011. Maktab al-Khidamat, AKA the Afghan Services Bureau is founded by Osama bin Laden (1957-2011) and his mentor Abdullah Yusuf Azzam (1941-89) (who persuaded him to come to Afghanistan) to recruit and fund foreign mujahidin for the fight against the Soviets in Afghanistan, with offices in the Al Kifah Refugee Center in Brooklyn N.Y. and the Islamic Center of Tucson, Ariz.; after Azzam breaks with bin Laden over use of assets for a global jihad, he is assassinated on Nov. 24, 1989, and bin Laden absorbs the org. into al-Qaida (founded 1988). The Islamic Saudi Academy is founded in Alexandria, Va. by the Saudi embassy in Washington, D.C.; it graduates its first internat. baccalaureate class in 2011. EMILY's (Early Money Is Like Yeast) List is established to finance pro-choice Dem. women running for U.S. nat. political office, causing more women to get elected. The George C. Marshall Inst. (GMI) is established in Arlington, Va. as a conservative think tank with a focus on science and public policy issues (esp. to back Pres. Reagan's Star Wars program AKA Strategic Defense Initiative) by NASA astronomer Robert Jastrow (1925-2008), Am. solid state physicist Frederick "Fred" Seitz (1911-2008), and Am. physicist William Aaron Nierenberg (1919-2000), later becoming a major critic of climate change science; in 2015 it morphs into the CO2 Coalition. British PM Margaret Thatcher forbids union membership at the U.K. Gen. Communications HQ (GCHQ), giving a Ł1K bribe to each union card turned in; all but 150 employees accept the offer; meanwhile Britain privatizes telephone service, selling shares in British Telecom, and Japan does ditto. The underground Cabinet War Rooms in the Treasury bldg. on King Charles St. in London (where PM Winston Churchill directed the war effort during enemy air raids in WWII) opens to the public as a museum. The Wolong Reserve for pandas is completed in Chengdu, China. The first annual Bluegrass Convention is held in Nashville, Tenn. Hollywood creates the PG-13 rating for movies. "Lawrence of Arabia" and "Dr. Zhivago" dir. David Lean is knighted. The Herbert Feis Award in memory of Herbert Feis (1893-1972) is established by the Am. Historical Assoc. to recognize recent work of public historians and independent scholars. English singer Elton John (1947-) marries female German music engineer Renate Blauel (1953-) after admitting that he is bisexual back in 1976; they divorce in 1988, and in the early 90s he declares that he's totally gay - he's a heavy-handed gent who ran amok in Kent? Harvard-educated Canadian-born Jewish-Am. publisher Mortimer Benjamin "Mort" Zuckerman (1937-), who bought Atlantic Monthly in 1980 buys U.S. News & World Report; in 1993 he buys New York Daily News. The first TED (Technology, Entertainment and Design) conference is held; in 1990 it is refounded in Monterey, Calif. as an annual conference, later moving to Long Beach, Calif. The libertarian-conservative think tank Heartland Inst. is founded in Arlington Heights (near Chicago), Ill. by Chicago investor David H. Padden (1927-2011), becoming known for backing free market policies before working for Philip Morris to question the health risks of second-hand smoke in the 1990s, going on in 2008 to back climate change/global warming denial, holding regular conferences and back the Tea Party; Kimberly, Wisc.-born Joseph Lee "Joe" Bast (1958-) becomes pres.-CEO #1 (until 2017), building it up to 8.3K supporters by 2015 incl. 160+ elected officials who serve on its legislative forum. Hungarian-born investor George Soros (1930-) sets up the Open Society Foundation in Hungary to promote the "open society" and fight Communism, pumping hundreds of millions of dollars in it to bring it down; too bad, he later goes nuts trying to create a OWG that robs wealthy nations under the guise of paying for climate change while inundating the West with mass Muslim immigration. Am. entertainer Michael Jackson outbids ($47.5M) English entertainer Paul McCartney for the 4K-song music catalog of Associated Television Corp. (ATV), incl. most of the Beatles songs, causing their friendship to cool; in 1995 Sony Corp. pays Jackson $95M to merge ATV with Sony to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Donna Karan (1948-) breaks off from Anne Klein (who she's been with since 1968); next year her Seven Easy Pieces mix-and-match sleek-and-chic collection is introduced, and gem tones (fuchsia, jade, ruby, sapphire, ebony) are in. L'Oreal introduces Free Hold, the first commercial hair mousse, replacing messy sticky hair spray with negatively-charged polymers that leave hair shiny, smooth, soft, and manageable, and bringing over two dozen competitors by the end of the year. The Guild of Food Writers is founded in London, England, growing to 390 members. French actress Gina Lollobrigida (1927-) begins dating 34-year-younger Javier Rigau y Rafols (1960-) of Barcelona Spain; in Dec. 2006 after 22 years the 79-y.-o. bag, er, babe announces that she's calling off her planned Jan. 2007 wedding, saying "Javier is desperate" about the nosy press. Colo. Gov. (1975-87) Richard Douglas "Dick" Lamm (1935-) makes the talk show circuit as "Governor Gloom" after he is quoted as saying that the elderly "have a duty to die and get out of the way". Reuters news service (founded Oct. 1851) goes public. Quinoa from Bolivia begins to be exported to the U.S.; the boom doesn't start until 2005 when new technologies are developed. MacDonald's Restaurants sells its 50 billionth burger, and opens outlets in Finland and Taiwan. Budweiser Beer is introduced in Britain, becoming the #2-selling premium packaged lager in the U.K. Coca-Cola and Pepsi both decide to eliminate the remaining 50% of sucrose in favor of high-fructose corn syrup in Nov. Papa John's Pizza is founded on Oct. 2 in Jeffersonville, Ind. by "Papa" John H. Schnatter (1961-) in the back of his father's tavern with $1.6K obtained by selling his 1971 Z28 Camaro, concentrating on using fresh ingredients; by the end of the cent. it has 2.6K outlets in 47 states and 11 countries; in Sept. 2012 it opens its 4,000 restaurant in New Hyde Park, N.Y.; by 2016 it becomes the 3rd largest pizza take-out and delivery chain on Earth, with HQ in Jefferstown (near Louisville), Ky., doing $1.4B/year sales; slogan: "Better Ingredients. Better Pizza. Papa John's". The French Culinary Inst. is founded in New York City by Dorothy Cann Hamilton, gaining support from Julia Child and expanding to San Francisco and Italy, changing its name to Internat. Culinary Center. After controversy over its 1983 film "Trenchcoat", Touchstone Pictures is established by the Walt Disney Co. as a label for its more mature films. Singer David Lee Roth is replaced by Sammy Hagar in the popular rock band Van Halen, started by guitarist Eddie Van Halen; he rejoins them in 2007. Cisco Systems (named after San Francisco) is founded in Dec. in San Jose, Calif. by Stanford U. grad Leonard Bosack (1952-) and his Stanford U. grad wife (since 1980) Sandra "Sandy" Lerner (1955-) to develop computer networking products, introducing the first commercially successful router next year, and growing from two to 29K employees by the end of the cent., handling 80% of all Internet communications; both founders retire in 1990. Dell Computer is founded by Jewish-Am. college student Michael Saul Dell (1965-) in dorm room #2713 of Dobie Center at the U. of Tex. at Austin, dropping out after his family gives him $300K; original name PCs Limited; by 1985 it introduces the Turbo PC for $795, and has sales of $34M, then goes public in June 1988; in 2004 it has sales of $49B and profits of $3B; in 1992 Dell becomes the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 co.; the PCs Limited prototype ends up in the Smithsonian Inst. Erik Russell of London coins the term "death by chocolate". The Television Academy Hall of Fame is founded by John H. Mitchell (1921-88) to honor "persons who have made outstanding contributions in the arts, sciences or management of television, based upon either cumulative contributions and achievements or a singular contribution or achievement; the first awards go to Lucille Ball, Milton Berle, Paddy Chayefsky, Norman Lear, Edward R. Murrow, William S. Paley, and David Sarnoff. The first MTV Video Awards are held. The ad slogan "shrimp on the barbie" is coined in TV ads starring Paul Hogan sponsored by the Australian Tourism Commission (until 1990). Gibraltar-born British fashion designer John Charles Galliano (Juan Carlos Antonio Galliano-Guillen) (1960-) debuts his collection Les Incroyables, based on the French Rev., going on to become British fashion designer of the year in 1987, 1994-5, and 1997, head designer for Givenchy in 1995-6 and Christian Dior in 1996-2011, launching his own label in 1988-2011 before making an anti-Semitic speech in a Paris bar on Feb. 25, 2011 that derails his career; in Oct. 2014 he becomes creative dir. of Maison Margiela. After turning down a job from Calvin Klein, Elmira, N.Y.-born fashion designer Thomas Jacob "Tommy" Hilfiger (1951-) founds his own men's sportswear line, starting with a Coca-Cola clothing line, going on to design clothing for music subculture stars incl. Pete Townshend, Sheryl Crow, Britney Spears, Lenny Kravitz, and Aaliyah. Hermes (Hermčs) of France begins marketing the black supple leather (later rubber) Birkin Bag, named after English sexpot actress Jane Mallory Birkin (1946-). New Orleans trumpet star Wynton Learson Marsalis (1961-) wins Grammy awards in both the jazz and classical categories. Am. soprano Dawn Upshaw (1960-) makes her Metropolitan Opera debut, going on to become a regular. Nettwerk Music Group in Vancouver, B.C., Canada is founded to distribute alternative music, incl. Skinny Puppy, and Jars of Clay, later Sara McLachlan, and Avril Lavigne. SPV Records is founded in Germany on Jan. 1, going on to become one of the largest independent labels, signing heavy metal and other acts incl. Sepultura (in 2002), Kreator, Klaus Schulze (1947-), Rhapsody of Fire, Sodom, Evildead, Angra, Eric Victor Burdon (1941-), Blackmore's Night, Whitesnake, Motorhead (Motörhead), Doro (Dorothee Pesch) (1964-), Helloween, Kamelot, Iced Earth, Moonspell, Saxon, Monster Magnet, Type O Negative, and Skinny Puppy. The Canal+ premium cable TV channel is launched in France. The Transformers line of transforming robot toys is introduced by Takara Co. of Japan, which sells the North Am. distribution rights to Hasbro; the ad slogans are "More Than Meets the Eye" and "Robots in Discuise"; the toys launch spinoffs incl. an animated TV series about the good Autobots vs. the evil Decepticons, followed by an animated film in 1986. The Boston Beer Co. is founded in Boston, Mass. by James "Jim" Koch (1949-) (pr. like cook); in Mar. 1985 it introduces Samuel Adams Boston Lager, which is voted Best Beer in America at the 1985 Great Am. Beer Festival over 92 other beers, going on to become the 2nd largest craft brewery in the U.S. Manhattan Brewing Co. of New York is founded in SoHo, Manhattan, N.Y. by British entrepreneur Richard Wrigley and Brooklyn businessman Robert D'Addona, becoming the first brewpub on the East Coast since Prohibition; it closes in 1991. In 1984 Pyramid Breweries Inc. (originally Hart Brewing until 1996) is founded in Kalama, Wash. by Tom Baune and Beth Hartwell, producing Pyramid Pale Ale, Pyramid Wheaten Ale (1985), and Pyramid Apricot Ale (1994), which becomes its top-selling brand, going on to produce the largest variety of selections of any brewery; in 2004 it acquires Portland Brewing Co.; in 2008 it is acquired by Magic Hat Brewing Co., which in 2010 is acquired by North Am. Breweries, which in Dec. 2012 is acquired by Cerveceria Costa Rica. Widmer Brothers Brewery is founded in Portland, Ore. by brothers Kurt Widmer and Robert H. Widmer, introducing Widmer Brothers Hefeweizen in 1986 and growing to the 9th largest brewing co. in the U.S.; in Nov. 2007 they merge with Redhook Ale Brewery to form Craft Brewers Alliance, which in 2012 is renamed to Craft Brew Alliance, with Anheuser-Busch as a minority holder. Sports: On Jan. 11 the Denver Nuggets defeat the San Antonio Spurs by 163-55 in the highest combined scoring NBA regulation game of all time (218); Kiki Vandewegh of the Nuggets scores 50 points. On Feb. 1 New York City-born David Joel Stern (1944-2020) becomes NBA Comissioner #4 (until Jan. 31, 2014), inheriting a dwindling viewership and watching it turn around with new players Michael Jordan, Hakeem Olajuwon, Charles Barkley, and John Stockton, going global. On Feb. 19 the 1984 (26th) Daytona 500 is won by Cale Yarborough (4th win) on a last-lap pass, averaging 201.848 mph, breaking the 200 mph barrier. One white guy screws up the works in heavyweight boxing? On Mar. 9 after Larry Holmes (1949-) bolts for the new IBF, its champion (since Dec. 1983) "Terrible" Tim Witherspoon (1957-) outpoints Greg Page (1958-) in 12 rounds in Las Vegas, Nev. to win the WBC heavyweight boxing title (until 1987); on Aug. 31 in Las Vegas Pinklon Thomas (1958-) outpoints Witherspoon in 12 rounds and takes the title; meanwhile on Nov. 9 in Las Vegas Larry Holmes KOs James Smith in round 12 to take the IBF title, then on Dec. 1 in Sun City, South Africa Greg Page KOs Gerry Coetzee in round 8 to win the WBA title. On Mar. 27-28 (night) after falling attendance, owner (since 1972) Robert Irsay (1923-97) moves the NFL Colts (founded 1953) out of Baltimore, Md. under cover of darkness to Indianapolis, Ind., leaving Baltimore without an NFL team until 1996; their first home game in the RCA Dome on Sept. 2, 1984 is a 21-14 loss to the New York Jets, after which they go 12-36 in their first five years, and only have five winning seasons and three playoff berths in their first 15 years, ending up 90-228 through the 1997 season; Robert's son Jim Irsay (1959-) takes over the team after his death, ramping the team up to a record 12+ games won per season for six consecutive seasons. On Apr. 3 Georgetown U. coach John Thompson Jr. (1941-) becomes the first black coach to win an NCAA basketball tournament. On Apr. 5 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar of the Los Angeles Lakers passes Wilt Chamberlain to become NBA's all-time leader in points scored in a game against the Utah Jazz at the U. of Nev. in Las Vegas, Nev. (31,420). On May 9 the Chicago White Sox and the Milwaukee Brewers play a baseball game that lasts a record 8 hr. 6 min.; the White Sox win 7-6 in the 25th inning. On May 10-19 the 1984 Stanley Cup Finals see the Edmonton Oilers defeat the New York Islanders 4-1, revenging last year's defeat, becoming the 9th NHL dynasty in 1984-90; the last time that the same two teams meet in consecutive finals until 2009; MVP is Mark Messier. On May 15 Ohio-born Tex.-raised righty William Roger "The Rocket" Clemens (1962-) makes his debut with the Boston Red Sox (13 seasons), followed by the Toronto Blue Jays (1997-8), New York Yankees (1999-2003), Houston Astros (2004-6), and New York Yankees (2007), winning the Cy Young award 7x. On May 27 the 1984 (68th) Indianapolis 500 is won by Rick Mears (2nd win) after Tom Sneva and Mario Andretti drop out of the race in the 2nd half, leaving him alone two laps ahead of the field. After Bernard King (1956-) overcomes a 102-deg. F. fever and two dislocated middle fingers to score 44 points for the New York Knicks to lead them to a 127-123 OT win in game 5 against the Detroit Pistons to clinch the Eastern Conference title in five games, and Isiah Thomas of the Pistons scores 35 points (King retires after the 1991 season having played for five teams), the 1984 NBA Finals on May 27-June 12 sees the Boston Celtics defeat the Los Angeles Lakers 4-3; Larry Bird is awarded finals MVP; on June 19 the 1984 NBA Draft sees 7'0" Nigerian-born Hakeem (Arab. "wise one") Abdul "the Dream" Olajuwon (1963-) drafted #1 overall by the Houston Rockets (#15), and the Portland Trail Blazers pass on him for #2 Samuel Paul "Sam" Bowie (1961-), after which 6'6" Michael Jeffrey "Air" Jordan (1963-) is drafted #3 by the Chicago Bulls (#23), going on to win six NBA championships and six finals MVP awards, five NBA MVP awards, 14 All-Star picks, two gold medals, two dunk contests et al.; in Mar. 1982 as a U. of N.C. freshman he made a jump shot that beat Georgetown to win the NCAA title; on Oct. 26 he scores 16 points in his first NBA game against the Boston Celtics, helping the Chicago Bulls win by 109-83; next May he wins the NBA rookie of the year award; Portland goes on to suffer 19 consecutive postseason exits and fail to make the playoffs in 2003-8, causing rumors rumors that they are cursed; 6'1" relative unknown John Houston Stockton (1962-) (#12) of Gonzaga U. is drafted in the first round by the Utah Jazz, causing stunned silence in the Salt Palace, going on to become known as "the Iron Man", retiring in 2003 after becoming the first point guard to play into his 40s and holding the all-time records for assists and steals. On June 9 6'4" Montreal-born center ("the Magnificent One") Mario Lemieux (1965-) is drafted #1 by the Pittsburgh Penguins (#66), saving them and leading them to two straight Stanley Cups in 1991 and 1992, retiring in 2006 and returning as owner, after which they win their 3rd cup in 2009. On July 4 New York Yankees player Philip Henry "Phil" Niekro (1939-) becomes the 9th pitcher to strike out 3,000 batters. On July 4 Richard "the King" Petty earns the last of his 200 NASCAR wins in the Firecracker 400. John McEnroe wins the Wimbledon and U.S. Open men's singles titles; Martina Navatilova wins the women's titles. On Oct. 15 Monday Night Football hosts a football game in Denver, Colo.'s Mile-High Stadium featuring the Denver Broncos vs. the Green Bay Packers in the middle of a major snowstorm, becoming known as the Slip 'n' Slide Game; although it hardly ever snows in dry Denver (on the plains in front of the Rocky Mts.) thousands book ski trips, boosting the ski industry. The first Breeders' Cup Thoroughbred horserace is held in Oct. in Hollywood Park in Calif., becoming a year-end championship, attracting horses from the U.S. and Europe, founded by pet food heir John R. Gaines (1928-2005), who wants to clean up the sport's dog food image. On Nov. 23 the Hail Flutie Game sees 5'10" Boston College Eagles QB Douglas Richard "Doug" Flutie (1962-) throw a last-second 48-yard game-winning Hail Mary (55 Flood Tip) to Gerard Phelan to defeat the U. of Miami. Hurricanes in the Orange Bowl by 47-45 (greatest offensive play in college football history until ?), after which Flutie wins the Heisman Trophy on Dec. 1; he is then drafted as the 285th pick in the 11th round of the NFL draft (lowest ever) because he's undersized, causing him to hop to the N.J. Generals of the USFL in 1985, followed by the Los Chicago Bears in 1986-7, New England Patriots in 1987-9, then hopping to the CFL in 1990-7 (3 Grey Cups, 6 MVPs), becoming the youngest U.S. player to make the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, returning to the NFL with the Buffalo Bills in 1998-2000, then the San Diego Chargers in 2001-4, finishing with the New England Patriots in 2005 - undersized fans have 20 years of hope? Margaret Unnewehr "Marge" Schott (1928-2004) purchases the Cincinnati Reds (until 1999), increasing attendance by 85% to 2.4M by 1990; too bad, she stinks herself up by statements slurring blacks, Jews, Japanese, and gays, and supporting Adolf Hitler, and is banned from managing the team from 1996-8, causing her to sell it. #13 Daniel Constantine "Dan" Marino Jr. (1961-) of the Miami Dolphins throws an NFL season record 48 TD passes, which it takes Peyton Manning of the Indianapolis Colts until 2004 to break with 49. In the 1984-5 season after an agreement between the owners and the Nat. Basketball Players Assoc. (NBPA), the NBA institutes its first salary cap, which allows "salary exceptions" to sign key players, becoming the first in any major prof. sport. Architecture: In Jan. the Dallas Museum of Art in Tex. opens, designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes. In Jan. the $422M Istana Nurul Iman, the sultan's palace in Bandar Seri Begawan is completed, becoming the largest waste, er, residence on Earth, with a total floor space of 2,152,780 sq. ft. (200K sq. m.), 1788 rooms, and 257 lavatories. On Apr. 6 Pioneer Courthouse Square in Portland, Ore. opens. On May 5 the binational 196m (643 ft.) tall, 5 mi. wide Itaipu (Guarani "sound of a stone") Dam N of Ciudad del Este (formerly Puerto Presidente Stroessner) on the Upper Parana River on the Brazil-Paraguay border (begun Jan. 1970) opens, becoming the largest hydroelectric development on Earth, generating 12.6 MW of electricity, increasing to 94.7 TWh in 2008; the spectacular Guaira Falls are submerged. On May 26 614-room Harrah's at Trump Plaza at 2500 Boardwalk in Atlantic City, N.J. next to Caesars Atlantic City opens as a joint venture between Harrah's Atlantic City and Donald Trump; in Oct. it becomes known as Trump Plaza to attract high-rollers; in 1989 the East Tower opens, giving a total of 906 rooms; in 1988 and 1989 it hosts Wrestlemania IV and Wrestlemania V; it closes on Sept. 16, 2014. On Nov. 9 the Three Servicemen Memorial, designed by Frederick Elliott Hart (1943-99) in Washington, D.C. is completed. The 76-story Columbia Seafirst Center in Seattle, Wash. is completed, becoming the city's tallest skyscraper. Donald Trump buys the 58-bedroom Mar-A-Lago (Sp. "Sea to Lake") estate at 1100 S. Ocean Blvd. in in Palm Beach, Fla. (known for hosting the Internat. Red Cross Ball), built in 1924-7 for $30M by wealthy heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post (1887-1973) and her 2nd hubby (1920-35) Edward Francis Hutton (1875-1962) for $10M, going on to extensively renovate it, getting into a war with the city of Palm Beach over a 50-ft. flagpole; on Sept. 12, 1973 Post dies, leaving it in her will to the U.S. govt. to be the Southern White House; in 1994 Michael Jackson and Lisa Marie Presley honeymoon there; in 1997 Trump files a lawsuit challenging Palm Beach's unwritten policy of excluding Jews and blacks from golf and country club facilities. The Morgans Hotel at 237 Madison Ave. in New York City is opened by former Studio 54 owners Ian Schrager (1946-) and Steve Rubell (1943-89), becoming the first boutique hotel, starting a trend. The Mustangs of Las Colinas bronze sculpture in Williams Square, Las Colinas, Irving, Tex. by sculptor Robert Glen (commissioned in 1976) opens, featuring nine wild mustangs splashing through fountains. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Bishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu (1931-2021) (South Africa); Lit.: Jaroslav Seifert (1901-86) (Czech.); Physics: Carlo Rubbia (1934-) (Italy) and Simon van der Meer (1925-2011) (Netherlands) [discovery of W and Z particles]; Chem.: Robert Bruce Merrifield (1921-2006) (U.S.) [solid phase peptide and protein synthesis]; Medicine: Cesar Milstein (1927-2002) (U.K./Argentina) and Georges Jean Franz Kohler (1946-95) (West Germany) [monoclonal antibodies], and Niels Kaj Jerne (1911-94) (U.K./Denmark) [immune system]; Economics: Sir John Richard Nicholas Stone (1913-91) (U.K.) [MDM model for tracking internat. economic activities]. Inventions: On Oct. 5 the NASA Ball Aerospace Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) is launched by Space Shuttle Challenger, which can measure the greenhouse effect without relying on climate models, showing that clouds have a large cooling effect; it is deactivated on Oct. 14, 2005. On Dec. 15 the Soviets launch Vega 1 to study Halley's Comet; on Dec. 21 they launch Vega 2 to do ditto; both release balloon probes while passing Venus. On Dec. 20 Bell Labs announces a 1MB RAM chip , 4x as big as anything previously available. The IBM PC/AT (Advanced Technology) is introduced, featuring a 16-bit bus and 6MHz (later 8MHz) Intel 80286 microprocessor. Bob Boie of Bell Labs develops the first Multitouch Screen Overlay. Royal Manufacturing of Cleveland Ohio (founded 1905) introduces the Dirt Devil Hand Vac, which becomes a hit, selling 25M units; in 1996 the Ultra Hand Vac is introduced, with more suction; in 1996 the Broom Vac stick vacuum is introduced; in 2005 the Dirt Devil Classic Hand Vac is introduced, with 2x the power, a HEPA filter, and bagless dirt cup. The Tech. U. of Berlin pub. the first study of computer viruses, incl. Friday 13, Holland Girl, Trojan Horse, and Christmas Tree; Am. computer scientists Leonard Max Adleman (1945-) and Frederick B. "Fred" Cohen coin the term "computer virus" in the paper Experiments with Computer Viruses; in 1987 Cohen proves that no algorithm can detect all possible viruses, and also coins the term "positive viruses" for viruses that do good. Paul Mockapetris of USC invents the domain name system for the Internet, incl. suffixes .com, .edu, and .gov. Hewlett-Packard introduces the $3.5K B&W HP Thinkjet, the first inkjet printer for PCs, originally developed at Xerox Parc in Calif. and licensed from Canon in Japan; next year Canon introduces the Canon BJ-80, the first Bubble Jet Printer; in Feb. 1988 HP introduces the $995 2 ppm HP DeskJet, the first mass-market inkjet printer. Prodigy, the first consumer online service is founded by CBS, IBM, and Sears. MacPaint by Bill Atkinson is released for the Apple Macintosh in Jan., becoming the first PC drawing program, with innovations incl. the paint bucket for filling closed areas with a pattern or color, and the lasso tool for selecting non-rectangular shapes; the graphics created can be used in other apps. Kurzweil Music Systems, founded in 1982 by Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil (1948-) (who appeared on "I've Got a Secret" on CBS-TV in 1965 to perform a piano compposition composed by his homemade computer, then won first prize in the Internat. Science Fair for it) introduces the Kurzweil 250 portable digital keyboard that can store up to 30 instruments in ROM. Science: On Sept. 15 British geneticist Sir Alec John Jeffreys (1950-) of the U. of Leicester et al. announce that DNA sequencing is unique, and can be used for DNA Fingerprinting (Typing) (Profiling) (Gel Electrophoresis); it becomes commercially available in 1987 after the discovery of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). On Oct. 26 a baboon heart is transplanted into 15-day-old Baby Fae at Loma Linda U. Medical Center in Calif., becoming the first xenotransplant; she lives until Nov. 15. On Dec. 27 Am. geologist Roberta "Robbie" Score finds the Martian meteorite labelled Allan Hills (ALH) 84001 while snowmobiling in the Antarctic; later it is claimed that fossil evidence of Martian life is found in it. The Am. Heart Assoc. lists smoking as a risk factor for stroke for the first time. Peter Armbruster (1931-) and Gottfried Muenzenberg (Münzenberg) (1940-) of the Darmstadt U. of Technology synthesize Hassium (Hs) (#108), named after the German state of Hesse. Michael G.L. Baillie et al. of Queen's U. in Belfast, Northern Ireland use Irish oak trees to establish an unbroken tree-ring chronology back 7,272 years. French astrophysicist Andre Fernand Brahic (1942-2016), French astrophysicist Patrice Jean Emmanuel Bouchet de Puyraimond (1953-), U.S. astronomer William B. Hubbard et al. discover a partial ring around Neptune during a star occultation, leading to the discovery of five principal rings of Neptune, incl. Liberte, Egalite, and Fraternite, parts of the Adams Ring; meanwhile Indian astrophysicist Jagadish Chandra "J.C." Bhattacharyya (1930-2012) et al. of the Indian Inst. of Astrophysics discover two new rings of Saturn. Italian-born Am. scientist Mario Ramberg Capecchi (1937-), who started out as a feral child in WWII Italy and ended up a student of James D. Watson invents Homologous Recombination, allowing transgenic DNA to be injected into mammalian DNA to change its genetic makeup, going on to develop the first knockout mice with targeted mutations in 1989, winning the 2007 Nobel Med. Prize along with Italian-born scientist Oliver Smithies (1925-2017) and British biologist Sir Martin John Evans (1941-), who independently discover the technique. William H. Clewell of the U. of Colo. performs the first successful surgery on a fetus before birth. Elizabeth Craze (1982-) becomes the youngest patient to survive a heart transplant operation (by Dr. Norman Shumway of Stanford); she grows up to play h.s. volleyball. Robert Lull Forward (1932-2002) of Hughes Aircraft proposes using a sail for space travel propelled by a laser operating from an Earth orbit or the surface of the Moon that could reach nearby stars - lull forward jokes here? British physicist Michael Boris Green (1946-) and Am. physicist John Henry Schwarz (1941-) prove that Superstring Theory is free from quantum anomalies if the space-time dimension is 10 and the quantum gauge symmetry is the mathematical group SO(32) or E8 x E8, making it suddenly popular with physicists. Jean-Marc Halbout and Daniel Grischkowsky of IBM develop a laser that emits pulses of 12 femtosec. length. Dennis L. Matthews builds the first successful Soft X-Ray Laser in a selenium plasma. Katharine Boynton "Katy" Payne (1937-) of Cornell U. discovers that elephants use infrasonic sounds to communicate that are too low for humans to hear. Am. neuroscientist Michael M. Merzenich (1942) proves the existence of Neuroplasticity in the brains of owl monkeys; in 1988 he proves it in humans. English psychologist Peter Saville (1946-) et al. pub the Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ), which measures the Big Five Personality Traits called OCEAN (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism); Saville founds a co. that makes him a millionaire. The Sun's possible dim low-mass red or white dwarf star hidden companion Nemesis, orbiting at 50K-100K AU is proposed by Am. paleontologists David M. Raup (1933-) and J. John Sepkoski Jr. (1948-99) to explain an alleged 27M-y. cycle in mass extinctions; there's 16M years left before the next peak in the cycle; in 2010 Adrian L. Melott of the U. of Kan. et al. point out that if Nemesis existed its orbital period would change by 20%-50% due to gravitational attraction of nearby stars, killing the theory. Norman Rosenthal et al. identify Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Dany Schechtman et al. of the Nat. Bureau of Standards discover the first Quasicrystal, an alloy of aluminum and manganese with fivefold symmetry. Gary, Ind.-born economist Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (1943-) and Austin, Tex.-born Carl Shapiro (1955-) pub. the Shapiro-Stiglitz Model of Unemployment, which explains why there is unemployment even in equilibrium with the soundbyte: "Unemployment is driven by the information structure of employment." Am. molecular biologists Charles Gald Sibley (1917-98) and Jon Edward Ahlquist (1944-) of Yale U. find that gene sequences from humans and chimps react more strongly together than those from gorillas and chimps, and conclude that they diverged about 5M-6M years ago; later studies on gene sequences find a 1.6% human-chimp difference and a 2.1% gorilla-chimp difference; "More and more people are beginning to believe that chimpanzees and human beings are on one side of a great gulf, while the other apes are on the other side" (Isaac Asimov) - well throw clods out of my butt? Bradford A. Smith of the U. of Ariz. and Richard J. Terrile of NASA photograph a planetary system in formation around the star Beta Pictoris. Danish embryologist Steen Malte Willadsen (1944-) becomes the first to claim to clone a mammal (sheep) from differentiated cell embryos, causing biologists James F. McGrath and David Solter to pub. an article in Science on Dec. 14 saying that "The cloning of mammals, by simple nuclear transfer, is biologically impossible." Allan Wilson and Russell Higuchi of UCB become the first to clone genes from an extinct species, the quagga. The first transgenic farm animals (sheep and pigs) are born. The genomes of the virus that causes Hepatitis B and one of the common cold viruses (human rhinovirus type 14) are sequenced. Sampson's Pearlymussel, a freshwater mollusk living in the Wabash River in Ill.-Ind. and the Ohio River near Cincinnati is declared extinct after dams cause its habitat to be eliminated. A Harvard U. study pub. in 1990 claims that almost 7K hospital patients die this year in New York State because of medical negligence, but only 26 doctors are disciplined - a good argument for no-fault medical insurance? Astronomers at Cambridge U. use an 88-in. reflector in Hawaii to make the first astronomical measurements using interferometry. After a storm in the Mediterranean, the submerged Neolithic village of Atlit-Yam is discovered on the Carmel Coast off Atlit, Israel. On Aug. 1 2K-y.-o. Lindow Man (II) (Pete Marsh) is discovered by peat cutters in Lindow Moss near Cheshire England, and believed to be a Druid sacrifice daftera bannock (burned barley cake) ritual, becoming the best preserved bog body in Britain, causing a sensation; Lindow Woman had already been discovered on May 13, 1983, causing Peter Reyn-Bardt to confess to murdering and burning his wife Malika, then convicted on his confession although the bog woman had been dated to around 210 C.E. After drilling began on May 24, 1970, Soviet researchers reach the Earth's lower crust at 7.5 mi. (12km) in the Kola Superdeep Borehole in the Kola Peninsula of the Soviet Union. The synthetic drug Sumatriptan (an analog of psychedelic mushroom drug psilocybin) is developed by Glaxo Research for relieving the intensity of migraine and cluster headaches; in 1991 it is approved by the U.S. FDA, going on to be marketed under the trade names Sumatran, Sumax, Aumatriptanum, Imitrex, and Imigran; on Apr. 15, 2008 the FDA approves Treximet, a combo of sumatriptan and naproxen, followed in July 2009 by a single-use jet injector formulation. Music: Bryan Adams (1959-), Reckless (album #4) (Nov. 5); sells 5M copies; incl. Run to You, Somebody, Heaven, Summer of '69, One Night Love Affair, It's Only Love; 1st time since Michael Jackson's "Thriller" that six singles from an album reach the top 15 on the U.S. Billboard 100. Dead or Alive, Sophisticated Boom Boom (album) (debut); from Wirral, England, incl. Pete Burns (vocals), Wayne Hussey (guitar), Mike Percy (bass), Jason Alburey (keyboards), Timothy Lever, Steve Coy (drums). America, Perspective (album #12) (Sept. 21); incl. Special Girl, Can't Fall Asleep to a Lullabye. Anthrax, Fistful of Metal (album) (debut) (Jan.); from New York City, incl. Scott Ian Rosenfeld (1963-), Danny Lilker/Frank Bello (1965-) (bass), Neil Turbin, Greg D'Angelo/ Charlie Benante (1962-) (drums), later John Bush (1963-), Rob Caggiano (1976-); incl. I'm Eighteen (by Alice Cooper). Joan Baez (1941-), Live Europe 83 (album) (Jan.). The Spandau Ballet, Parade (album #4) (last album) (May 25); incl. Only When You Leave (#3 in the U.K.), I'll Fly for You (#9 in the U.K.); they disband in 1990, and reform in Mar. 2009. Marcia Ball (1949-), Soulful Dress (album). Bananarama, Bananarama (album #2) (Apr.) (#30 in the U.S., #16 in the U.K.); incl. Cruel Summer (first U.S. top-10 hit); Robert De Niro's Waiting (#3 in the U.K.). Band Aid, Do They Know It's Christmas? (Dec. 3) (#13 in the U.S.) (#1 in the U.K.) (3.8M copies in the U.K.). The Bangles, All Over the Place (album) (debut); formerly the Colours, Supersonic Bangs, and Bangs; from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Susanna Lee Hoffs (1959-), Victoria Anne Theresa "Vicki" Peterson (1958-), Deborah Mary "Debbi" Peterson (1961-) (drums), Annette Zilinskas (1969-) (bass); incl. Hero Takes a Fall. Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) and the Banshees, Hyaena (album #6) (June 8); w/Robert Smith of The Cure; incl. Dazzle, Swimming Horses. Pat Benatar (1953-), Tropico (album #6) (Nov. 24); incl. We Belong, Diamond Field, Temporary Heroes, Painted Desert, Ooh Ooh Song. Berlin, Love Life (album #3) (Mar. 12) (#28 in the U.S.); incl. No More Words (#23 in the U.S.). David Bowie (1947-2016), Tonight (album) (Sept. 1); incl. Blue Jean, God Only Knows, Loving the Alien. Billy Bragg (1957-), Brewing Up with Billy Bragg: A Puckish Satire on Contemporary Mores (album #2) (Nov.) (#16 in the U.K.); incl. It Says Here, Love Gets Dangerous, The Myth of Trust, From a Vauxhall Velox. Laura Branigan (1952-2004), Self Control (album #3) (Apr.); incl. Self Control. Lindsey Buckingham (1949-), Go Insane (album #2) (July 3); incl. Go Insane. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Riddles in the Sand (album #14) (Sept.). Echo and the Bunnymen, Ocean Rain (album #4) (May 8) (#87 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); incl. The Killing Moon, Silver, Seven Seas. Chris de Burgh (1948-), Man on the Line (album #6) (May). The Carpenters, An Old-Fashioned Christmas (album). The Cars, Heartbeat City (album #5) (Mar. 13); incl. Heartbeat City, Drive, You Might Think, Magic, Hello Again. Soft Cell, This Last Night in Sodom (album #4) (last album) (May); they break up in 1984; next album in 2002. Blue Cheer, The Beast Is Back (album #7); next album in 1990; incl. Parchment Farm (by Mose Allison). Chicago, Chicago 17 (album #17) (May 14); incl. Stay the Night, Hard Habit to Break, You're the Inspiration, Along Comes a Woman (video is a play on Indiana Jones). Chilliwack, Look In Look Out (album #11) (last). Wang Chung, Points on the Curve (album #2) (Jan. 16); incl. Don't Let Go (#38 in the U.S.), Don't Be My Enemy, Wait. Metal Church, Metal Church (album) (debut); from Seattle, Wash., incl. David Wayne (vocals), Craig Wells (guitar), Duke Erickson (bass), and Kirk Arrington (drums); incl. Beyond the Black, Merciless Onslaught, Gods of Wrath, and Highway Star (by Deep Purple). Judy Collins (1939-), Home Again (album #17). Rita Coolidge (1945-), Inside the Fire (album #9); incl. Something Said Love. Culture Club, Waking Up with the House on Fire (album #3) (Nov.); sells 4M copies; incl. The War Song, Don't Talk About It, Mistake No. 3. Joe Cocker (1944-2014), Civilized Man (album #9) (May); incl. Tempted (by the Squeeze). Leonard Cohen (1934-2016) and Jennifer Warnes (1947-), Various Positions (album #7) (Dec. 11); incl. Dance Me to the End of Love, Hallelujah, Coming Back to You. Phil Collins (1951-), Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now); theme from the 1984 film. Hallelujah. Elvis Costello (1954-) and the Attractions, Goodbye Cruel World (album #9) (June 18). The Cramps, Bad Music for Bad People (album). King Crimson, Three of a Perfect Pair (album #11) (Mar. 27); incl. Three of a Perfect Pair, Sleepless. The Cure, The Top (album #5) (Apr. 30) (#180 in the U.S.) (first album to chart in the U.S.); incl. The Caterpillar. Mac Davis (1942-), Soft Talk (album); incl. Most of All. Dennis DeYoung (1947-), Desert Moon (album) (solo debut); incl. Desert Moon, Don't Wait for Heroes. Dokken, Tooth and Nail (album #2) (Sept. 13) (#49 in the U.S.) (1M copies in the U.S.); incl. Into the Fire (used in the 1987 film "A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors"), Just Got Lucky, Alone Again. Donovan (1946-), Lady of the Stars (album #17) (Jan.). Husker Du, Zen Arcade (album #2) (double album) (July); incl. Hare Krsna, Whatever. Duran Duran, Arena (first live album) (Nov.); incl. The Wild Boys (Oct.). Sheila E. (1957-), The Glamorous Life (album) (debut) (June); one of Prince's babes; incl. The Glamorous Life (#7 in the U.S.); The Belle of St. Mark (#34 in the U.S.). Golden Earring, When the Lady Smiles. Danny Elfman (1953-) and Oingo Boingo, So-Lo (album) (Nov. 11); incl. Gratitude (from the 1984 film "Beverly Hills Cop"). Alton Ellis (1938-2008), Showcase (album); 25th Silver Jubilee (album); Slummin' (album). Modern English, Ricochet Days (album #3); incl. Ink and Paper. Gloria Estefan (1957-) and the Miami Sound Machine, Miami Sound Machine (The Piano Album) (album #8) (Aug. 25); first English album; incl. Dr. Beat. Europe, Wings of Tomorrow (album #2) (Feb. 24); incl. Stormwind, Open Your Heart, Scream of Anger. Eurythmics, Touch Dance (album #4) (May); 1984 (For the Love of Big Brother) Soundtrack (album) (Nov.). Violent Femmes, Hallowed Ground (album #2) (June); incl. Country Death Song (about a man in 1862 who threw his daughter into a well then hanged himself in his barn). Dan Fogelberg (1951-2007), Windows and Walls (album #8); incl. The Language of Love, Believe in Me. Foreigner, Agent Provocateur (album #5) (Dec. 7) (#5 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. I Want to Know What Love Is (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.), That Was Yesterday (#12 in the U.S.). Jean Francaix (1912-97), Sonata for Recorder (or Flute) and Guitar. Glenn Frey (1948-2016), The Allnighter (album #2) (June 19); incl. Sexy Girl, Smuggler's Blues (from "Miami Vice"). Psychedelic Furs, Mirror Moves (album); #1 of the year in Canada; incl. Alice's House. Serge Gainsbourg (1928-91), Love on the Beat (album) (Oct. 2); incl. Lemon Incest; sung with his 12-y.-o. daughter Charlotte, based on a pun for "un zeste de citron". Kool and the Gang, Emergency (album #18) (Nov. 15); incl. Emergency (#20 in the U.S.), Cherish (#2 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.), Fresh (#9 in the U.S.), Misled (#10 in the U.S.). J. Geils Band, You're Gettin' Even While I'm Gettin' Odd (album #14) (last album); Seth Justman does lead vocals; incl. Concealed Weapons (#63 in the U.S.). Bob Geldof (1951-) and Midge Ure (1953-), Do They Know It's Christmas (Feed the World) (Nov. 28); proceeds donated to the relief fund for the 1983-5 Ethiopian famine; becomes Britain's all-time bestselling single (until ?). Everything But the Girl, Eden (album) (debut) (May); from England, incl. Tracey Thorn (1962-) (vocals) and Ben Watt (1962-); named after the slogan of Turner's Furniture in Hull, England; incl. Each and Every One; Everything But the Girl (album #2); incl. Mine, Native Land. Philip Glass (1937-), Akhnaten (opera) (Suttgart State Opera) (Mar. 24); #3 in his Portrait Trilogy after "Einstein on the Beach" (1976), "Satyagraha" (1979); a love duet with the female in a lower register than the male; incl. Love Duet, Akhnaten's Aria. The Go-Go's, Talk Show (album #3) (Jan. 13) (#18 in the U.S.); last album until 2001; incl. Head Over Heels (#11 in the U.S.). Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Someday When Things Are Good; Let's Chase Each Other Around the Room; A Place to Fall Apart. Haircut 100, Paint and Paint (album #2) (last); sans Nick Heyward. Van Halen, 1984 (album #6) (Jan. 9); last with David Lee Roth; incl. Jump, I'll Wait, Panama, Hot for Teacher. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Sound-System (album #36) (Jan.). Roy Harper (1941-), Born in Captivity (album #12). Men Without Hats, Folk of the 80s (Part III) (album #2). Talking Heads, Stop Making Sense Soundtrack (album) (Oct. 15) (#41 in the U.S., #37 in the U.K.). Don Henley (1947-), Building the Perfect Beast (album #2) (Nov. 19); incl. The Boys of Summer, All She Wants to Do is Dance, Not Enough Love in the World, Sunset Grill. Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Welcome to the Pleasuredome (double album) (debut) (Oct. 29) (#33 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); from Liverpool, incl. William Holly Johnson (1960-) (vocals), Paul Rutherford (1959-) (keyboards), Peter "Pedro" "Ped" Gill (1964-) (drums), Mark O'Toole (1964-) (bass), Brian "Nasher" Nash (1964-) (guitar); Johnson leaves in 1987, and fights in court for two years to get out of his contract with ZTT Records; incl. Relax (Don't Do It) (banned by the BBC, making it more popular, reaching #1 in the U.K.), Two Tribes (#1 in the U.K.), The Power of Love (2nd in U.K. history to reach #1 with their first three singles after Gerry and the Pacemakers in 1964), War (...and Hide), Born to Run. Julio Iglesias (1943-), 1100 Bel Air Place (album); sells 3M copies in U.S.; incl. To All the Girls I've Loved Before, All of You (with Diana Ross). Public Image Ltd., This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get (album #4) (July 6); incl. This Is Not a Love Song (#5 in the U.K.), Bad Life, The Order of Death (used in "The Blair Witch Project", and the "Miami Vice" episode "Little Miss Dangerous"). INXS, The Swing and Other Stories (album); incl. Original Sin, Face the Change, Burn for You. The Isley Brothers (Isley-Jasper-Isley), Caravan of Love. Janet Jackson (1966-), Dream Street (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Dream Street, Two to the Power of Love (with Jesse Borrego), Don't Stand Another Chance. La Toya Jackson (1956-), Heart Don't Lie (album #3) (#149 in the U.S.); incl. Heart Don't Lie (#56 in the U.S.). Rebbie Jackson (1950-), Centipede. Rick James (1948-2004), Reflections (album #8). Joan Jett (1958-), Glorious Results of a Misspent Youth (album #4); incl. Cherry Bomb, I Need Someone. Elton John (1947-), Breaking Hearts (album #18) (June); incl. Sad Songs (Say So Much), Passengers. Howard Jones (1955-), Human's Lib (album) (debut) (Mar. 17); sells 600K copies; incl. What is Love, New Song, Pearl in the Shell, Hide and Seek. Bon Jovi, Bon Jovi (album) (debut) (Jan. 21); Jon Francis Bongiovi Jr. (1962-) (singer), Richard Steven "Richie" Sambora (1959- (guitar), David Bryan Rashbaum (1962-) (keyboards), Alec John Such (1951-) (bass), Hector Samuel Juan "Tico" Torres (1953-) (drums). Judds, The Judds, Why Not Me (album) (debut) (#1 country) (#78 in the U.S.) (RCA Nashville); Naomi Judd (1946-) and her daughter Wynonna Judd (1964-); Mama He's Crazy (#1 country), Why Not Me (#1 country), Girls Night Out (#1 country), Love Is Alive (#1 country). Chaka Khan (1953-), I Feel for You (album #5) (Oct. 1); incl. I Feel for You (by Prince) (#3 in the U.S.), Through the Fire (#60 in the U.S.). The Kinks, Word of Mouth (album #20) (Nov. 19). k.d. lang (1961-) and the Reclines, A Truly Western Experience (album) (debut); incl. Tickled Pink. The Human League, Hysteria (album #4) (May); incl. Life On Your Own, Louise, The Lebanon. Julian Lennon (1963-), Valotte (album) (debut) (Oct. 15) (1M copies); looks and sounds just like his daddy John Lennon?; incl. Valotte, Too Late for Goodbyes. Level 42, True Colours (album #5) (Oct.); incl. Hot Water (#18 in the U.K.), The Chant Has Begun (#41 in the U.K.). Meat Loaf (1947-2022), Bad Attitude (album); incl. Modern Girl, Jumpin' the Gun. Madonna (1958-), Like a Virgin (album #2) (Nov. 12); incl. Like a Virgin (rereleased worldwide next year, catapaulting her to internat. fame), Material Girl, Angel, Into the Groove, Dress You Up. Iron Maiden, Powerslave (album #5) (Sept. 3); based on Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner"; incl. 2 Minutes to Midnight, Aces High. Yngwie Malmsteen (1963-), Rising Force (album) (debut) (Mar. 5) (#60 in the U.S.);incl. Black Star, Far Beyond the Sun. Barry Manilow (1943-), 2:00 AM Paradise Cafe (album #14) (Nov.); incl. Paradise Cafe, When October Goes. Mannheim Steamroller, Christmas (album #6) (Sept. 15) (first Christmas album); their first Billboard 200 charting album (#50 in the U.S.) (6M copies); they go on to release 25 more Christmas albums by 2015. Bob Marley (1945-81), Legend (album) (posth.) (May 8); best-selling reggae album of all time (25M copies). Paul McCartney (1942-), Give My Regards to Broad Street Soundtrack (album) (Oct. 22) (#21 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. No More Lonely Nights. Reba McEntire (1955-), Just a Little Love (album #7); My Kind of Country (album #8); incl. How Blue, Somebody Should Leave. Christine McVie (1943-), Christine McVie (album #2); incl. Got a Hold On Me, Freddie Mercury, Love Kills; from the film "Metropolis". Metallica, Ride the Lightning (album #2) (July 27); sells 5M copies; incl. For Whom the Bell Tolls, Creeping Death (Ex. 12:29), Fade to Black. Steve Miller Band, Italian X-Rays (album) (Oct.). The Misfits, Die, Die My Darling (May); the break up in 1983, then reform in 1997. Mr. Mister, I Wear the Face (album) (debut) (Mar. 27); from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Richard Page (1953-) (vocals, bass), Steve George (1955-) (keyboards), Lee Patrick "Pat" Mastelotto (1955-) (drums), Steve Farris (1957-) (guitars); incl. Runaway, 32, I'll Let You Drive. Depeche Mode, Some Great Reward (album #4) (Aug. 27); incl. People Are People, Master and Servant, Blasphemous Rumours/Somebody. Van Morrison (1945-), Live at the Grand Opera House Belfast (album). Anne Murray (1945-), Just Another Woman in Love; Nobody Love Me Like You Do (with Dave Loggins). Nena, 99 Luftballons (album #3) (Feb. 28); incl. 99 Luftballons, 99 Red Balloons; first German rock hit in the U.S.; Nena (Gabriele Susanne Kerner) (1960-). Juice Newton (1952-), Can't Wait All Night (album); incl. Can't Wait All Night, A Little Love. Luigi Nono (1924-90), Prometeo - Tragedia dell' Ascolto (1984-5). Gary Numan (1958-), Berserker (album #6) (Oct.); first under his own label Numa Records; The Plan (album) (Oct.). Laura Nyro (1947-97), Mother's Spiritual (album #8) (Jan.); goes tree-hugger? Hall & Oates, Big Bam Boom (album #12) (Oct. 12) (#5 in the U.S.) (3M copies); incl. Out of Touch (#1 in the U.S.) (last #1 hit). Billy Ocean (1950-), Suddenly (album #5) (Sept. 12) (#9 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.); incl. Suddenly, Caribbean Queen (No More Love On the Run) (#1 in the U.S.). Daniel O'Donnell (1961-), The Boy from Donegal (album); causes his corny music career to take off, selling 10M records in the next 20 years and performing with friend Cliff Richard. Midnight Oil, Red Sails in the Sunset (album #6) (Oct.) (first #1 in Australia); incl. Best of Both Worlds. OMD, Junk Culture (album #5) (Apr. 30); incl. Tesla Girls, Locomotion, Talking Loud and Clear. Yoko Ono (1933-), Every Man Has a Woman (album); her artless songs performed by real artists Elvis Costello, Roberta Flack, Rosanne Cash, Harry Nilsson, Roberta Flack; incl. Every Man Has a Woman Who Loves Him; Sean Ono Lennon (1975-) sings It's Alright. Yoko Ono Band, Milk and Honey (demo); their last album together (unfinished). New Order, Thieves Like Us (Apr.); named after the 1974 Robert Altman movie; Murder (May). Dolly Parton (1946-) and Sylvester Stallone (1946-), Rhinestone Soundtrack (album) (May) (#32 country) (#135 in the U.S.); features Dolly singing Tennessee Homesick Blues (#1 country), What a Heartache, God Won't Get You (#10 country), and Stay Out of My Bedroom (w/Sylvester Stallone); hog-calling Stallone goes solo on the stinkinstein track Drinkinstein. Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), Love Language (album); incl. Hot Love, Hold Me (with Whitney Houston). Red Hot Chili Peppers, The Red Hot Chili Peppers (album #4) (Aug. 10) (#52 in the U.S.); from Los Angeles, Calif.; all new lineup incl. Anthony Kiedis (1962-) (vocals), Hillel Slovak (1962-88) and John Frusciante (1970-) (guitar), Michael "Flea" Balzary (1962-) (bass), Jack Irons (1961-), and Chad Smith (1961-) (drums); sells 25K copies before they gain fame, then sells 275K more; incl. Knock Me Down, Higher Ground (by Stevie Wonder). Steve Perry (1949-), Street Talk (album); incl. Oh Sherrie (about his babe Sherrie Swafford). Peter and the Test Tube Babies, The Loud Blaring Punk Rock Album (album #3); Journey to the Centre of Johnny Clarke's Head (album #4). The Pogues, Red Roses for Me (album) (debut); from King's Cross, London, incl. Shane Patrick Lysaght MacGowan (1957-) (vocals), Peter "Spider" Stacey (1958-) (tin whistle), Jeremy "Jem" Finer (1955-) (banjo), James Fearnley (1954-) (accordion), Cait O'Riordan (bass), Andrew Ranken (1953-) (drums), Phil Chevron (Ryan) (1957-) (guitar) (1985); band's name comes from Gaelic "pog mo thoin" = "kiss my arse"; incl. The Auld Triangle, The Battle of Brisbane, Greenland Whale Fisheries, Waxie's Dargle, Poor Paddy. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Open Mind (album). The Pretenders, Learning to Crawl (album #3); first after OD deaths of James Honeyman-Scott and Peter Farndon; incl. Back on the Chain Gang, 2000 Miles. Billy Preston (1946-2006), On the Air (album #16) (Feb. 18). Judas Priest, Defenders of the Faith (album #9) (Jan. 4); incl. Freewheel Burning, Some Heads Are Gonna Roll. Prince (1958-2016) and The Revolution, Purple Rain Soundtrack (album) (June 25); sells 20M copies; incl. Purple Rain, When Doves Cry, Let's Go Crazy, Take Me with U, Baby I'm a Star, I Would Die 4 U, Darling Nikki (explicit lyrics cause the founding of the Parents' Music Resource Center to lobby for warning labels on albums). Skinny Puppy, Back and Forth (album) (debut); Remission (EP); founds the electro-industrial genre; from Vancouver, B.C., Canada, incl. Nivek Ogre (Kevin Graham Ogilvie) (1962-) (vocals), cEvin Key (Kevin William Crompton) (1961-); incl. Smothered Hope, Glass Houses. Queen, The Works (album #10) (Feb. 27); incl. Radio Ga Ga, It's a Hard LIfe, Hammer to Fall, I Want to Break Free; the video showing them dressed in drag causes a homophobic backlash in the U.S.? Queensryche, The Warning (album #2) (Sept. 7); incl. Warning. Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), The Best Year of My Life (album #9) (Sept. 17); his crossover career ends, and he goes back to country; incl. The Best Year of My Life, B-B-Burning' Up With Love, Warning Sign. Ramones, Too Tough to Die (album #8) (Oct.); first with Richie Ramone; based on the 1971 film "A Clockwork Orange"; their last good album?; incl. Wart Hog, Durango 95. Bernard Rands (1934-), Canti del Sole (Pulitzer Prize). Ratt, Out of the Cellar (album) (debut) (Mar. 27) (#7 in the U.S.); incl. Round and Round, Wanted Man, I'm Insane, Lack of Communication, Back for More. Lou Reed (1942-), New Sensations (album #13) (Apr.); incl. Turn to Me ("If your father is freebasing and your mother turning tricks, that's still no reason you should have a rip"), My Red Joystick ("You can keep your dresses, you can keep your jewels, you can keep your colored TV, those soaps just make me sick. All I'm asking you to leave me is my red joystick"). R.E.M., Reckoning (album #2) (Apr. 9); incl. So Central Rain (I'm Sorry), (Don't Go Back To) Rockville. The Replacements, Let It Be (album #3) (Oct. 2); becomes a classic; incl. I Will Dare, Adrogynous, Black Diamond (by Kiss). Quiet Riot, Condition Critical (album #4) (July 27) (#15 in the U.S., #71 in the U.K.) (3M copies); "Condition terminal" (Rolling Stone); incl. Mama Weer All Crazee Now. Kenny Rogers (1938-), What About Me? (album #13); incl. What About Me? (with Kim Carnes and James Ingram). Kenny Rogers (1938-) and Dolly Parton (1946-), Once Upon a Christmas (album) (Dec.). Run-D.M.C., Run-D.M.C. (album) (debut) (Mar. 27) (#53 in the U.S.); from Queens, N.Y., incl. Darryl Matthews "D.M.C." McDaniels (1964-), Jason William "Jam-Master Jay" Mizell (1965-2002), and Joseph Ward "Rev. Run" "DJ Run" Simmons (1964-). Rush, Grace Under Pressure (P/G) (album #10) (Apr. 12); incl. Distant Early Warning, Afterimage, Red Sector A, The Enemy Within. Sade (1959-), Diamond Life (album) (debut) (July 28) (#5 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. Smooth Operator, Your Love Is King, Hang On to Your Love, When Am I Going to Make a Living, Why Can't We Live Together. The Scorpions, Love at First Sting (album #9) (May 4); their first big hit; incl. Rock You Like a Hurricane, Bad Boys Running Wild, Big City Nights, Still Loving You; MTV gives them the name "Ambassadors of Rock". A Flock of Seagulls, The Story of a Young Heart (album #3) (Aug.); last with Paul Reynolds; incl. The More You Live, the More You Love. Selena (1971-95), Mis Primeras Grabaciones (album) (debut) (July 16); incl. Ya Se Va. Sandie Shaw (1947-), Hand in Glove. Tommy Shaw (1953-), Girls with Guns (album) (solo debut) (Oct.); incl. Girls with Guns, Lonely School. Twisted Sister, Stay Hungry (album #3) (May 10) (#15 in the U.S., #34 in the U.K.)(3M copies); incl. We're Not Gonna Take It, I Wanna Rock, The Price, Burn in Hell. Slayer, Haunting the Chapel (album) (Aug.). The Smiths, The Smiths (album) (debut) (#2 in the U.K.); incl. What Difference Does It Make? (#12 in the U.K.); Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now (June) (#10 in the U.K.); William, It Was Really Nothing (Aug. 24) (#17 in the U.K.) (about his failed love affair with Billy Mackenzie of Associates - "I thought it was about time there was a male voice speaking directly to another male saying that marriage was a waste of time... that, in fact, it was absolutely nothing") ("How can you stay with a fat girl who'll say 'Oh, would you like to marry me, and if you like you can buy the ring', she doesn't care about anything"); from Manchester, England, incl. Steven Patrick Morissey (1959-) (vocals), Johnny Marr (John Martin Maher) (1963-) (guitar), Andrew Michael "Andy" Rourke (1964-) (bass), Michael "Mike" Joyce (1963-) (drums). Information Society, Creatures of Influence (album #2); incl. Running. REO Speedwagon, Wheels Are Turnin' (album #11) (Nov.); incl. Can't Fight This Feeling. Bruce Springsteen (1949-), Born in the U.S.A. (album #7) (June 4) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (10M copies); has 7 top-10 hits on this album and 5 more, but never has a #1; incl. Dancing in the Dark (#2 in the U.S.), (the video, dir. by Brian de Palma and shot on June 28, 1984 at St. Paul Civic Center in Minn. one day before Springsteen's 1984 Born in the U.S.A. Tour opens there makes a star of Courteney Cox), Born in the U.S.A. (#9 in the U.S.) (in 1986 he turns down a $12M offer from Lee Iacocca to use it in an ad, and refuses to let Ronald Reagan use it in his pres. campaign), Glory Days (#5 in the U.S.), I'm on Fire (#6 in the U.S.), Cover Me (#7 in the U.S.), I'm Goin' Down (#9 in the U.S.), My Hometown (#6 in the U.S.), No Surrender, Bobby Jean; the album stays #2 in the U.S. against Prince's "Purple" Rain for a record 18 consecutive weeks. Mannheim Steamroller, Mannheim Steamroller Christmas (album); big hit, spawning sequels. Steppenwolf, Paradox (album #10). Ray Stevens (1939-), He Thinks He's Ray Stevens (album); sells 500K copies; incl. Ned Nostril (And His South Seas Paradise, Put Your Blues on Ice, Cheap At Twice the Price Band, Ikky-Ikky, Ukky-Ukky), Mississippi Squirrel Revival. Rod Stewart (1945-), Camouflage (album #13) (June 18); incl. Infatuation, Some Guys Have All the Luck, All Right Now. The Rolling Stones, Rewind (1971-1984) (album) (July 2). Dire Straits, Alchemy: Dire Straits Live (first live album) (Mar. 12). Styx, Caught in the Act (album) (Apr.); incl. Music Time. Donna Summer (1948-2012), Cats Without Claws (album #12) (Sept. 4); incl. Eyes, There Goes My Baby, Supernatural Love. Survivor, Vital Signs (album #5) (Sept.) (#16 in the U.S.); first with vocalist Jimmy Wayne "Jimi" Jamison (1951-2014); incl. I Can't Hold Back, High on You, The Search is Over (The Zoo), Moment of Truth. Swans, Cop (album #2); incl. Cop ("Nothing beats humiliation/ Humiliation's a disease; Nothing beats humiliation/ Nothing beats them like a cop with a club"); Young God (album #3). Talk Talk, It's My Life (album #2) (Feb.) (#42 in the U.S., #35 in the U.K.); incl. It's My Life, Such a Shame. Pretty Things, Live at Heartbreak Hotel (album #10). Mel Tillis (1932-), New Patches (#10 country). Toto, Isolation (album #5) (Nov.); incl. Isolation, Stranger in Town, Holyanna. Jethro Tull, Under Wraps (album #15) (Sept. 7). Tina Turner (1939-), Private Dancer (album #5) (May 29) (#3 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); her big breakthrough; sells 20M copies; incl. Private Dancer (#7 in the U.S.), What's Love Got to Do With It (#1 in the U.S.), Better Be Good to Me (co-written by Holly Knight) (#5 in the U.S.), Show Some Respect (#37 in the U.S.). Thompson Twins, Into the Gap (album #4) (Mar. 6) (#10 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. Hold Me Now. U2, The Unforgettable Fire (album #4) (Oct. 1) (#12 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. The Unforgettable Fire, Pride (In the Name of Love), Bad (about heroin addiction), Fourth of July. Steve Vai (1960-), Flex-Able (album) (solo debut); incl. The Attitude Song. Vangelis (1943-), Soil Festivities (album). Various Artists, Beverly Hills Cop I Soundtrack (album) (Dec. 5); incl. Axel Foley Theme, New Attitude (Patti LaBelle), Stir It Up (Patti LaBelle). Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Dreamers. Stevie Ray Vaughan (1954-90) and Double Trouble, Couldn't Stand the Weather (album #2) (May 15) (#31 in the U.S.); incl. The Things That I Used to Do (by Eddie Jones), Voodoo Chile (Slight Return) (by Jimi Hendrix). Romeo Void, Instincts (album #3) (last album) (Oct. 1); incl. A Girl in Trouble (Is a Temporary Thing). Roger Waters (1943-), The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking (album) (Apr. 30); man has a midlife crisis from 4:30 a.m. to 5:12 a.m. and dreams about committing adultery; cover features rear nude photo of English porno actress Linzi Drew (1959-). Wham!, Make It Big (album #2) (Oct. 23) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); sells 6M copies; incl. Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go, Everything She Wants, Freedom, Careless Whisper. Great White, Great White (Stick It) (album) (debut); originally Dante Fox; from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Jack Russell (1960-) (vocals), Mark Kendall (guitar) (known for his naturally white-blonde hair, and for dressing all in white, complete with white Fender Telecaster guitar and white Capezio shoes), Michael Lardie (keyboards), Lorne Black (bass), and Audie Desbrow/ Gary Holland (1958-) (drums). Whitesnake, Slide It In (album) (Jan.); incl. Slide It In, Slow an' Easy, Love Ain't No Stranger, Need Your Love So Bad. The Who, Who's Last (album) (Nov.); recorded on Dec. 14, 1982 in Cleveland, Ohio. Matthew Wilder (1953-), Bouncin' Off the Walls (album #2); incl. Bouncin' Off the Walls (#52 in the U.S.). Stevie Wonder (1950-), The Woman in Red Soundtrack (album) (Aug. 2) (#4 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. I Just Called to Say I Love You. XTC, The Big Express (album #7) (Oct. 15) (#181 in the U.S., #38 in the U.K.); incl. All You Pretty Girls, This World Over. Frank Zappa (1940-93), Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger (album) (Aug.); Them or Us (album) (Oct. 18); incl. The Closer You Are, Whippin' Post; Thing-Fish (triple album) (Dec. 21); soundtrack to an unproduced Broadway musical about the Tuskegee Experiment; Francesco Zappa (album) (Nov.); chamber music composed by 18th Italian composer Francesco Zappa. Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (1939-), Celebration for Orchestra. Movies: Peter Hyams' 2010: The Year We Make Contact (Dec. 7) is a sequel to "2001: A Space Odyssey" based on the 1982 Arthur C. Clarke novel "2010: Odyssey Two", starring Roy Scheider as Heywood Floyd, John Lithgow as Dr. Walter Curnow, Bob Balaban as Dr. R. Chandra, and Helen Mirren as Tanya Kirbuk, along with original cast members Keir Dullea and Douglas Rain as Dave Bowman and the voice of HAL 9000; a joint U.S.-Soviet mission to Jupiter ends with it turning into a small star, ending the war back home, with Europa turning into a livable planet with a monolith waiting for humans to move in. W.D. Richter's The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension! (Aug. 15) stars Peter Weller as Dr. Buckaroo Banzai, who fights the Red Lectroids from Planet 10 and Yoyodine Propulsion Systems with the help of his Hong Kong Cavaliers and the Blue Blaze Irregulars; John Lithgow plays Dr. Emilio Lizardo; brings in only $8.2M on a $17M budget. Taylor Hackford's Against All Odds (Mar. 2), a remake of the 1947 film noir "Out of the Past" stars Jeff Bridges as an ex-football player hired to find gangster James Woods' girlfriend Rachel Ward; features the Phil Collins hit song Against All Odds. Milos Forman's Amadeus (Sept. 19) stars Tom Hulce as child prodigy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and F. Murray Abraham as his jealous rival Antonio Saliere; Elizabeth Berridge plays Mozart's wife Constanze, and Roy Dotrice plays his stern father Leopold. Martin Brest's Beverly Hills Cop (Dec. 5) makes a star of Eddie Murphy, who plays Detroit cop Axel Foley; features the Axel Foley Theme. Alan Parker's Birdy (Dec. 14), based on the 1978 William Wharton novel stars Matthew Modine as Birdy, who thinks he's a bird and tries to fly, while his Vietnam War buddy Al (Nicolas Cage) tries to stop him. Stanley Donen's Blame It on Rio (Feb. 17) (20th Cent. Fox), a nudity romp based on the 1977 film "Un Moment d'Egarement" stars Michael Caine as Matthew, whose marriage with Karen (Valerie Harper) is going stale, and goes to Rio with his boss Victor Lyons (Joseph Bologna) with his teenie daughter Nikki (Demi Moore) and Victor's Lolita-like teenie daughter Jennifer (Michelle Johnson), who seduces him, causing a comedic coverup. Joel Coen's Blood Simple (Sept. 7) is a film noir starring Joel's wife Frances McDormand as Abby, who is hooking up with bartender Ray (John Getz), making Tex. bar owner Julian Marty (Dan Hedaya) suspicious enough to hire P.I. Loren Visser (M. Emmet Walsh) to kill the couple; title comes from the 1929 Dashiell Hammett novel "Red Harvest"; the dir. debut of the Coen brothers Joel and Ethan. Ismail Merchant's and James Ivory's The Bostonians, based on the Henry James novel and set during the U.S. Civil War stars Vanessa Redgrave as Back Bay Boston spinster suffragist non-lesbian Olive Chancellor, who adopts inspirational speaker Verena Tarrant (Madeleine Potter) as her protegee and companion, and gets in a war with her beau Basil Ransom (Christopher Reeve) over who gets her. Alan Rudolph's Choose Me (Aug. 29) stars Genevieve Bujold, Keith Carradine, and Lesley Ann Warren as lost soul night owls. Claude Chabrol's Cop au Vin (Chicken with Vinegar) stars Jean Poiret and Stephane Andran. Francis Ford Coppola's The Cotton Club (Orion Pictures) (Dec. 14) stars Richard Gere as jazz musician Dixie Dwyer, who falls for Vera Cicero (Diane Lane), moll of gang boss Dutch Schultz (James Remar), while his younger brother Vincent Dwyer (Nicolas Cage) joins his mob; Gregory Hines plays dancer Delbert "Sandman" Williams; Bob Hoskins plays Cotton Club owner er, Owney Madden; flops, doing $25.9M box office on a $58M budget. David Lynch's Dune (Dec. 14) (Universal), based on the 1965 Frank Herbert novel set in 10191 stars Kyle MacLachlan as messiah (Kwisatz Haderach) Paul Atreides, who leads the Fremen of the desert planet Dune (Arrakis) to victory over the evil House Harkonnen; stars Jose Ferrer as Padishah Emperor Shaddam Corrino IV, Jurgen Prochnow as Duke Leto Atreides, Sian Phillips as Bene Gesserit Rev. Mother Gaius Helen Mohiam, Richard Jordan as Duncan Idaho, Dean Stockwell as Dr. Wellington Yueh, Max von Sydow as Dr. Kynes, Freddie Jones as Thufir Hawat, Linda Hunt as the Shadout Mapes, Alicia Witt as Alia, and Sting as Feyd-Rautha; features a soundtrack by Toto; a cerebral movie with a gross-out scene that is taken as homophobic, it gets panned by Roger Ebert as "the worst movie of the year", grossing $31M worldwide on a $40M budget, causing plans for sequels to be canceled. Mark L. Lester's Firestarter (May 11), based on the 1980 Stephen King novel stars Drew Barrymore and David Keith as fire-starting Charlene "Charlie" McGee and her brainjacking daddy Andrew "Andy" McGee, who were created by mad govt. scientist Dr. Joseph Wanless (Freddie Jones); features Martin Sheen as Capt. Hollister, and George C. Scott as John Rainbird. Herbert Ross' Footloose (Feb. 17), based on real-life Elmore City, Okla. stars Kevin Bacon as Chicago teen Ren McCormack, who moves in and wants to dance to rock & roll, but is opposed by uptight Rev. Shaw Moore (John Lithgow); Lori Singer plays his babe Ariel Moore; Sarah Jessica Parker plays Rusty; the soundtrack features Holding Out for a Hero by Bonnie Tyler. Juzo Itami's The Funeral (Ososhiko) (Nov. 17) is a commentary on a traditional Japanese funeral, becoming a giant hit in Japan; the dir. debut of Juzo Itami (1933-97). Ivan Reitman's Ghostbusters (June 8) stars Bill Murray as Dr. Peter Venkman (after Steven Guttenberg turned down the part to star in "Police Academy"), Dan Aykroyd as Dr. Raymond Stantz, and Harold Ramis as Dr. Egon Spengler, three parapsychologists who save New York City from evil spirit Zuul, who inhabits the body of Dana Barrett (Signourney Weaver), and leads them to ancient Sumerian god Gozer the Gozerian; followed by Ghostbusters II in 1989, and Ghostbusters III in 2012; the Ghostbusters Theme by Ray Parker Jr. becomes a hit, and is successfully sued by Huey Lewis for similarities to his 1983 hit "I Want a New Drug". Peter Webb's Give My Regards to Broad Street (Oct. 23); written by Paul McCartney, about a day in his life with old Beatles songs; stars Paul and Linda, Ringo and Barbara Bach, Tracey Ullman, and Bryan Brown; last film appearance of Sir Ralph Richardson (d. 1983); London's Broad St. railway station closes in 1986; a flop despite a lot of hype, although the soundtrack album does well. Joe Dante's Gremlins (June 8) (Warner Bros.) (Amblin Entertainment), written by Chris Columbus and produced by Steven Spielberg is a comedy horror film starring Hoyt Axton as inventor Randall "Rand" Peltzer, who visits Chinatown and buys a cute small furry mogwai (Chin. "devil") from Mr. Wing's (Keye Luke) grandson (John Louie), who warns him that there are three mandatory rules: 1) Do not expose them to bright lights; 2) Do not let it get wet; 3) Never feed it after midnight"; he then returns to his home in Kingston Falls and gives it to local bank employee Billy Peltzer (Zach Galligan), who names it Gizmo, then breaks the rules on Christmas Eve, creating a horde of hungry evil devils who take over the town; Phoebe Cates plays Billy's barmaid beau Kate Beringer; its massive success spawns the PG-13 rating; does $153.1M box office on a $11M budget; followed by "Gremlins 2: The New Batch" (1990). Stephen Frears' The Hit is a yarn about English mob informant Willie (Terence Stamp), who is captured by two hitmen (John Hurt, Tim Roth) in Spain, who have to elude police en route to Paris with babe Laura del Sol, who sols, er, soils her panties; features flamenco music by Paco de Lucia and guitar music by Eric Clapton. Fred Schepisi's Iceman (Apr. 13) stars Timothy Hutton as anthropologist Dr. Stanley Shephard, and Lindsay Crouse as his colleague Dr. Diane Brady, who unfreeze and reanimate Charlie the Iceman (John Lone). John G. Avildsen's The Karate Kid (June 22) (Columbia) stars Ralph Macchio as Daniel-san, a boy seito being taught martial arts mastery through household chores by his wise sensei Mr. Kesuke Miyagi, played by Noriyuki (Pat) Morita, who catches flies with chopsticks and teaches "wax on right hand, wax off left hand"; Morita's "crane kick" in the finale turns on a generation of young fans, and the film grosses $91M on a $8M budget, leading to three sequels, The Karate Kid, Part II (1986), The Karate Kid, Part III (1989), and The Next Karate Kid (1994). Roland Joffe's The Killing Fields (Nov. 2) (Goldcrest Films) (Enigma Productions) (Warner Bros.) (Joffe's dir. debut), based on New York Times reporter Sydney Schanberg's (Sam Waterston) account of his friendship with Cambodian interpreter Dith Pran, played by Cambodian physician Haing Somnang Ngor (1940-96), and the aftermath of the May 1973 fall of Phnom Penh; features the film debut of John Horatio Malkovich (1953-); does $34.7M box office on a $14.4M budget. Nick Castle's The Last Starfighter (July 13) stars Lance Guest as Am. trailer park teenie Alex Rogan, who beats the Starfighter Video Game and is recruited by Centauri (Robert Preston) to save the galaxy as Beta Alex with Grig (Dan O'Herlihy) and win his babe Maggie Gordon (Catherine Mary Stuart); features 25 min. of space battle scenes created by Digital Productions that require a 400Mflop supercomputer to run for a month. Paul Mazursky's Moscow on the Hudson (Apr. 6) stars Robin Williams as Russian musician Vladimir Ivanoff, who defects in Bloomingdale's (and lays the I Luv America stuff on too thick?), and Maria Conchita Alonso as his babe Lucia Lombardo. Wolfgang Petersen's The Neverending (NeverEnding) Story (Apr. 6) (Warner Bros.), based on the 1979 children's book by Michael Ende stars Barret Oliver as Bastian Bux, a boy who likes to read, Thomas Hill as bookstore owner Mr. Koreander, who reads from you know what to him, Noah Hathaway as Atreyu, and Tami Stronach as the Childlike Empress, ruler of Fantasia, who is dying because of the Nothing; the most expensive film produced outside the U.S. or Soviet Union (until ?); does $100M box office on a 60DM ($27M) budget. Wes Craven's A Nightmare on Elm Street (Nov. 8) (New Line Cinema), a slasher flick set in fictional Springwood, Ohio stars Robert Englund as fedora-wearing razor-fingered-glove nightmare slasher Freddy Krueger, becoming a big hit for New Line Cinema, spawning six sequels; does $25.5M box office on a $1.8M budget; the feature film debut of Owensburg, Ky.-born John Christopher "Johnny" Depp II (1963-); "If Nancy doesn't wake up screaming, she won't wake up at all." Michael Radford's Nineteen Eighty-Four (Dec. 14), based on the George Orwell novel and shot around London on the actual dates in the novel stars John Hurt as Winston Smith, Suzanna Hamilton as Julia, Cyril Cusack as Mr. Charrington, Gregor Fisher as Parsons, and Richard Burton as O'Brien in his last movie role. Menahem Golan's Over the Brooklyn Bridge (Mar. 2) stars Elliott Gould as New York City Jew Alby Sherman, who gets in over his head trying to buy an expensive Manhattan restaurant, causing him to have to lean on his uncle Benjamin (Sid Caesar), who requires him to drop his Irish Philly shikse girlfriend Elizabeth Anderson (Margaux Hemingway). Wim Wenders' Paris, Texas (Nov. 9), written by Sam Shepard stars Harry Dean Stanton as Travis, a drifter who returns after four years and tries to heal himself by healing those he has wounded, incl. a son being raised by his bro' after the mother flees; scored by Ry Cooder. David Lean's A Passage to India (Dec. 14) (Thorn EMI) (HBO) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1924 E.M. Forster novel stars Judy Davis as raped Adela Quested, Peggy Ashcroft as Mrs. Moore, James Fox as Cyril Fielding, and Victor Banerjee as poor framed rapist Dr. Aziz Ahmed; Sir Alec Guinness' 6th film with Lean as Prof. Godbole; does $27.2M box office U.S. on Ł17M budget. Stewart Raffill's The Philadelphia Experiment (Aug. 3) stars Michael Pare and Bobby Di Cicco as two U.S. navy sailors whose ship undergoes an experiment in 1943 to make it invisible to radar, and instead get time-traveled to the 1984 Nevada desert. Robert Benton's Places in the Heart (Sept. 21) (TriStar Pictures) stars Sally Field as 1935 Waxahachie, Tex. widow Edna Spalding, who tries to save the family farm with the help of blind white man Mr. Will, played by John Gavin Malkovich (1953-) (feature film debut) and black drifter Moze (Danny Glover); features a performance by Western Swing fiddler Cliff Bruner; does $34.9M box office on a $9.5M budget. Hugh Wilson's Police Academy (Mar. 23) is a comedy spoof about a city whose new mayor requires the police academy to admit anybody who applies, starring Steve Guttenberg as Carey Mahoney, Kim Cattrall as Karen Thompson, Bubba Smith as Moses Hightower, G.W. Bailey as Lt. Harris, and Michael Winslow as Larvell Jones; spawns six sequels through 1994. Albert Magnoli's Purple Rain (July 27) stars pop star Prince in a loosely autobio. story of his rise to fame in Minneapolis as he pursues babe Apollonia, and makes the First Avenue Club famous; features the song "When Doves Cry". James Foley's Reckless (Feb. 3) (MGM/UA) stars Daryl Hannah as a girl who falls for wrong-side rebel Aidan Quinn; the debut of film composer Thomas Montgomery Newman (1955-), who goes on to a stellar career incl. "Revenge of the Nerds" (1984), "Desperately Seeking Susan" (1985), "Gung Ho" (1985), "Less Than Zero" (1987), "Fried Green Tomatoes" (1991), "Scent of a Woman" (1992), "The Shawshank Redemption" (1994), "Phenomenon" 1995), "American Buffalo" (199), "The Horse Whisperer" (1998), "American Beauty" (1999), "The Green Mile" (1999), "Erin Brockovich" (2000), "Road to Perdition" (2002), "Finding Nemo" (2003), "Cinderella Man" (2005), "Jarhead" (2005), "Revolutionary Road" (2008), "Spectre" (2015), "Passengers" (2016), "Victoria & Abdul" (2017), and "The 15:17 to Paris" (2018); features a weird but memorable dance to "Never Say Never" by Romeo Void. John Milius' Red Dawn (Aug. 10) (MGM/UA) stars Patrick Swayze, C. Thomas Howell, Charlie Sheen, Lea Thompson, and Jennifer Grey as the Wolverines, Am. teenie freedom fighters taking to the mountains and resisting Russian-Cuban Commies after they invade Colo.; the first film rated PG-13, most likely for its jingoistic pro-Americanism (proof that the Hollywood Blacklist was right?); mini-muscleman William Smith, the B-actor with the most generic name in Hollywood is good as a Russian officer, proving he can out-act Ahnuld; does $38M box office on a $17M budget; refilmed in 2012. Alex Cox's Repo Man (Mar. 2) stars Emilio Estevez as Otto Maddox, who races to deliver a 1964 Chevy Malibu to N.M. to get a $20K reward for the four dead ETs in the trunk. Bob Clark's Rhinestone (June 21) (20th Cent. Fox) stars Sylvester Stallone (who turns down "Beverly Hills Cop" and "Romancing the Stone" to do it) as New York City cabbie w/pumped biceps Nick Martinelli, whom country singer Jake Farris w/pumped breasts (Dolly Parton) bets can make into a country star in two weeks, taking him back to Tenn. for a crash course; a stinker, it does $21M box office on a $28M budget. Robert Zemeckis' Romancing the Stone (Mar. 30), produced by Michael Douglas' brother Joel Douglas stars Kathleen Turner as romance novelist Joan Wilder, and Michael Douglas as bird exporter Jack Colton, who get into an adventure in Cartagena, Colombia with antiquities smugglers Ira (Zack Norman) and Ralph (Danny DeVito); does $86.6M box office worldwide; spawns Dec. 11, 1985 sequel The Jewel of the Nile, which stars Avner Eisenberg as Al-Julhara (Arab. "The Jewel"). Charles E. Selier Jr.'s Silent Night, Deadly Night (Nov. 9) (Slayride Productions) (TriStar Pictures) is about disturbed psycho Billy Chapman (Robert Brian Wilson), who turns into an axe-wielding killer Santa Claus; "You made it through Halloween, now try and survive Christmas"; too bad, a backlash by outraged mommies causes TriStar to pull it after it does only $2.5M box office, which doesn't stop a later resurgence, with Quentin Tarantino et al. becoming fans. John Hughes' Sixteen Candles (May 4), starring Molly Ringwald and Anthony Michael Hall achieves cult status among Gen-Xers; the dir. debut of John Hughes Jr. (1950-2009), who goes on to make movies defining the 1980s and 1990s for U.S. teenies. Norman Jewison's A Soldier's Story is a whodunit starring Howard E. Rollins Jr. as Capt. Davenport, and Adolph Caesar as Sgt. Waters. Ron Howard's Splash (Mar. 9) (TouchstonePictures) stars Tom Hanks as Allen Bauer, who falls in love with a mermaid (Daryl Hannah), who comes out of the water with legs and a female beaver; John Candy plays his older brother Freddie; does $69.8M box office on a $8M budget. John Carpenter's Starman (Dec. 14) (Columbia Pictures) stars Jeff Bridges as an ET who comes to Earth after hearing the gold phonographic recording on Voyager 2, and is shot down over Chequamegon Bay, Wisc., hooking up with widow Jenny Harden (Karen Allen) and cloning himself as her dead hubby Scott Hayden, after which she helps him make it to Barringer Crater near Winslow, Ariz. to hook up with a rescue craft while being pursued by the feds; brings in $28.7M on a $24M budget. Leonard Nimoy's Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (June 1) (Paramount) features the return of Spock's katra to his body; Christopher Lloyd plays Klingon Capt. Kruge; grosses $76M in the U.S. and $87M worldwide on a $16M budget. Christopher Cain's The Stone Boy, based on a 1957 story by Gina Berriault stars Robert Duvall and Glenn Close as Western farmers Joe and Ruth Hillerman. Jonathan Demme's Stop Making Sense (Nov. 16) is a musical featuring the Talking Heads. Jim Jarmusch's Stranger Than Paradise (Nov. 9) is an indie about the strange journey of three disillusioned youths, incl. John Lurie of the Lounge Lizards; makes cool-looking white-haired Jim Jarmusch (1953-) a star. Walter Hill's Streets of Fire (June 1) (RKO Pictures) (Univresal Pictures), billed as "a rock & roll fable" stars Michael Pare, Diane Lane, and Willem Dafoe, and features the Dan Hartman song I Can Dream About You; does $8.1M box office on a $14.5M budget, but attains a cult following; "You gotta realize that, out of the whole cast, nobody was over thirty" (Pare); "Tonight is what it means to be young." Martin Bell's Streetwise is a documentary about teenage vagrants in Seattle, Wash. Bertrand Tavernier's A Sunday in the Country (Apr. 11) stars Louis Ducreux as painter Monsieur Ladmiral, and Michel Aumont as his son Gonzague, who visits him every Sunday; Sabine Azema plays his daughter Irene, who visits less often. James Cameron's The Terminator (Oct. 26) (Orion Pictures) twists the Orwell 1984 theme into a vision of machines becoming Big Brother, launching the action movie career of Austrian-born speech-challenged steroid-soaked model-stretching-to-be-actor Arnold Schwarzenegger (Ahnuld) (1947-) (after first choice Lance Henriksen is passed-over), who plays an over-the-top cyborg (robot Frankenstein?), with a total of only 21 lines and 133 words, incl. the one-liner "I'll be baaack"; co-stars Michael Biehn as time-traveling hero Kyle Reese, and Linda Hamilton as innocent LA waitress Sarah Connor, mother of the future savior of humanity; Paul Winfield and Lance Henriksen play doomed cops Ed Traxler and Hal Vukovich; does $78.3M box office on a $6.5M budget, and spawns sequels T2: Judgment Day (1991), T3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Terminator Salvation (2009), and Terminator Genisys (2015); another original choice for the Terminator was O.J. Simpson, but Cameron thought nobody would buy this loveable football hero as a killer?; a big moneymaker for Hemdale Film Corp., owned by British-born John Daly (1937-2008), who tried to get the movie stopped with the exploding truck, but fortunately lost?; "It can't be reasoned with, it can't be bargained with. It will feel no pity, no remorse, no pain, no fear. It will have only one purpose: To return to the present and prevent the future." Rob Reiner's This is Spinal Tap (Mar. 2) is a comic satire about "England's loudest band", a heavy metal band played by Christopher Guest, Michael McKean, Harry Shearer et al.; Reiner's feature film debut; features Big Bottom, Sex Farm, Hell Hole and other classic hits? Threads (Sept. 23) (BBC), about a nuclear war's effects on Sheffield, England becomes the first film to depict nuclear winter. Robert Epstein's The Times of Harvey Milk is a documentary narrated by gay bud Harvey Fierstein. John Huston's Under the Volcano (June 13), based on the 1947 Malcolm Lowry novel stars Albert Finney as alcoholic British consul Geoffrey Firmin, and Jacqueline Bisset as his estranged wife Yvonne Firmin in a small village in Mexico on the Day of the Dead (Nov. 1), 1938. John Hanson's Wildrose stars Lisa Eichhorn as June Lorich, and Tom Bower as Rick Ogaard. Art: Vito Acconci (1940-), Bad Dream House No. 1 (sculpture). Jennifer Bartlett, Creek. Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-88), Untitled Skull. Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Le Jongleur (The Juggler); The Acrobats. Richard Diebenkorn (1922-93), Ocean Park No. 129. Jim Dine (1935-), The Robe Following Her (1984-5). Jean Dubuffet (1901-85), Monument with Standing Beast (sculpture) (State of Ill. Bldg., Chicago). Robert Indiana (1928-), Five. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Ecran de la Memoire; Le Dauphin de la Memoire. Elizabeth Murray, Can You Hear Me? Bruce Nauman (1941-), One Hundred Live and Die. Martin Puryear (1941-), Greed's Trophy (wood-wire sculpture). James Rosenquist (1933-), Nasturtium Salad. Edward Ruscha, I Forgot to Remember to Forget. Frank Stella (1936-), The Science of Laziness (La Scienza della Pigrizia); his most famous painting. Andy Warhol (1928-87), Orange Prince; Andy Warhol (1928-87), Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-88), and Francesco Clemente, Polestar. Nonfiction: Peter Ackroyd (1949-), T.S. Eliot: A Life. Francesco Alberoni (1929-), Friendship. Timothy Garton Ash (1955-), The Polish Revolution: Solidarity, 1980-82. Claude Autant-Lara (1901-2000), The Rage in the Heart (autobio.). Houston A. Baker Jr. (1943-), Blues, Ideology, and Afro-American Literature: A Vernacular Theory; the paradigm of blues music. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Daggers and Javelins: Essays 1974-1979; The Autogiography of LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka. Julian Barnes (1946-), Flaubert's Parrot. Robert Joseph Barro (1944-), Macroeconomics; becomes a std. textbook. Herbert Benson (1935-), Beyond the Relaxation Response. Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), Atlantis: The Eighth Continent; Atlantis: The Lost Continent Revealed. Stephen Birmingham (1932-), The Rest of Us: The Rise of America's Eastern European Jews. Lady Caroline Blackwood (1931-96), On the Perimeter; the women's peace movement at Berkshire AFB. Timothy H. Breen (1942-), Robert A. Divine et al., America Past and Present; becomes a popular textbook; 10th ed. in 2010. Tony Bryant (1930-99), Hijack (autobio.) (June); his hijacking spree as a Black Panther on Mar. 6, 1969. James MacArthur Burns (1918-2014), The Power to Lead: The Crisis of the American Presidency; founder of Leadership Studies dislikes Pres. Reagan's politics but admires his transformational leadership style. Leo Buscaglia (1924-98), Loving Each Other: The Challenge of Human Relationships. Helen Caldicott (1938-), Missile Envy: The Arms Race and Nuclear War. Fritjof Capra (1939-) and Charlene Spretnak, Green Politics; about the rise of the Green Party in Germany. Malek Chebel (1953-2016), The Body in Islam; 3rd ed. 2004; claims that "real" Islam is sensuous and GLBTQ-tolerant; a hit, launching his career attempting to reform Islam by inventing a new one nobody ever heard of outside the West, leaving 27 Propositions for Reforming Islam, dying amidst a France plagued by Islamist terrorism. Peter Collier and David Horowitz (1939-), The Kennedys: An American Drama. Robert Conquest (1917-2015), What to Do When the Russians Come: A Survivor's Guide (Jan. 1). Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), Son of the Morning Star: Custer and the Little Bighorn; bestseller. Fred James Cook (1911-2003), Maverick: Fifty Years of Investigative Reporting (autobio.). Robert Creeley (1926-2005), The Collected Prose of Robert Creeley. Harry Crews (1935-), 2 By Crews. Mary Daly (1928-2010), Pure Lust: Elemental Feminist Philosophy; a new language to explain the feminine process of exorcism and ecstasy; "Names the high humor, hope, and cosmic accord/harmony of those women who choose to... bound out of the State of Bondage." David Brion Davis (1927-), From Homicide to Slavery; Slavery and Human Progress. Daniel Dennett (1942-), Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting. Annie Dillard (1945-), Encounters with Chinese Writers (Nov. 15). Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), The Temptation to Do Good. Dinesh D'Souza (1961-), Falwell: Before the Millennium: A Critical Biography (Aug. 25). Freeman Dyson (1923-), Weapons and Hope. Edith Efron (1922-2001), The Apocalyptics; a refutatio of Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring"; how sham science is used by the environmentalists, incl. claims of a cancer epidemic to justify banning chemicals in consumer products. Paul Ekman (1954-) and Wallace V. Friesen, Unmasking the Face (June); the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Andreas Feininger (1906-99), Leaves: 199 Photographs (Dec.). Antony Flew (1923-), God, Freedom and Immortality: A Critical Analysis (Mar.); Darwinian Evolution. Margaret Forster (1938-), Significant Sisters: The Grassroots of Active Feminism 1839-1939. Stephen R. Fox, The Mirror Makers: A History of American Advertising and Its Creators; 2nd ed. in 1997. Janet Frame (1924-2004), An Angel At My Table (autobio.); filmed in 1990 by Jane Campion; The Envoy from Mirror City (autobio.). Marquis de La Franquerie (André Le Sage de La Franquerie de La Tourre) (1901-92), Lucifer and the Occult Power; claims Qabbala-based Judaic-Masonic-Satanic infiltration of the Roman Catholic Church. Richard B. Freeman (1943-), What Do Unions Do? Paul Freiberger and Michael Swaine, Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer; used as the basis of the 1999 film "Pirates of Silicon Valley". Erich Fromm (1900-80), On Disobedience and Other Essays (posth.). Jim Garrison (1951-), The New Diplomats. Joan Theresa Garrity (1940-) and John Garrity, Story of "J": The Author of The Sensuous Woman Tells the Bitter Price of Her Crazy Success; by the author of the 1969 bestseller "Sensuous Woman" - Jesus loves my bipolar disorder, God tells me so? Peter Gay (1923-2015), The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud; (5 vols.) (1984-98); incl. "The Education of the Senses" (1984), "The Tender Passion" (1986), "The Cultivation of Hatred" (1993), "The Naked Heart" (1995), "Pleasure Wars" (1998); a complete expose of the secrets of the Victorians; how they created an us-them mentality that bottled aggressions leading to the explosion of WWI; how they viewed the human animal as innately aggressive, greedy, combative, and wicked, excusing husbands beating, raping, and sodomizing their wives et al., but at the same time were capable of genuine affection and enjoyment of pleasure, and were multidimensional and revolutionary, shifting support of art from royal patronage to bourgeois demand incl. avant-garde, always eager to engage in crusades; studies Victorian middle class ideas of love vs. eroticism, examining Victorian sexual behavior and attitudes from 1820-1914, exposing stereotypes esp. about women; disconnects the word bourgeois from tasteless, and Victorian from prudish; "By gathering up communities of insiders, [the Victorians] discovered - only too often invented - a world of strangers beyond the pale, of individuals and classes, races and nations it was perfectly proper to debate, patronize, ridicule, bully, exploit, or exterminate." Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), The Jews of Hope: The Plight of Soviet Jewry Today (Feb. 23). Germaine Greer (1939-), Sex and Destiny: The Politics of Human Fertility. Stanislav Grof (1931-) (ed.), Ancient Wisdom and Modern Science. Willis Harman (1918-97) and Howard Rheingold, Higher Creativity: Liberating the Unconscious for Breakthrough Insight. Michael Harrington (1928-89), The New American Poverty. Robert Hass, Twentieth Century Pleasures: Prose on Poetry (essays). Louise L. Hay (1926-), You Can Heal Your Life; "If you are willing to do the mental work, almost anything can be healed." Charles Higham (1931-2012), Sisters: The Story of Olivia De Haviland and Joan Fontaine; their running feud. Bell Hooks (1952-), Feminist Tehory: From Margin to Center. Murry Hope (1929-2012), Practical Egyptian Magic (The Ancient Wisdom of Egypt). David Joel Horowitz (1939-) and Peter Collier, The Kennedys: An American Dream. A.E. Hotchner (1920-), Choice People: The Greats, Near-Greats, and Ingrates I Have Known. Lee Iacocca (1924-) (with William Novak), Iacocca: An Autobiography; bestseller (2M copies). Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-), The Industrial Policy Debate. George Jonas (1935-), Vengeance: The True Story of an Israeli Counter-Terrorist Team; basis for the 2005 Steven Spielberg film "Munich". Donald Rodney Justice (1925-2004), Platonic Scripts (essays). Pauline Kael (1919-2001), Taking It All In. Herman Kahn (1922-83), Thinking About the Unthinkable in the 1980s (posth.). Wendy Kaminer (1949-), Women Volunteering: The Pleasure, Pain, and Politics of Unpaid Work from 1830 to the Present. Alfred Kazin (1915-98), An American Procession: Major American Writers, 1830-1930. Petra Karin Kelly (1947-92), Fighting for Hope; founder of the German Green Party calls for a nonviolent world; she is later murdered in her sleep by her ex-gen. beau Gert Bastian (1923-92), who commits suicide. George Frost Kennan (1904-2005), The Fateful Alliance: France, Russia, and the Coming of the First World War. David I. Kertzer (1948-), Family Life in Central Italy, 1880-1910: Sharecropping, Wage Labor and Coresidence. Edward Irving Koch (1924-) and W. William Raven, Mayor; bestseller. Annette Kolodny (1941-), The Land Before Her: Fantasy and Experience of the American Frontiers; women writers on the Am. West. Christopher Lasch (1932-94), The True and Only Heaven: Progress and Its Critics; questions blind faith in progress. Suzanne Lesbock (1949-), The Free Women of Petersburg: Status and Culture in a Southern Town, 1784-1860. Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009), Anthropology and Myth: Lectures 1951-1982. Bernard Lewis (1916-2018), The Jews of Islam. Audre Lorde (1934-92), Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches (June 1); "Perhaps... I am the face of one of your fears. Because I am a woman, because I am Black, because I am a lesbian, because I am myself - a Black woman warrior poet doing my work - come to ask you, are you doing yours?" William Roger Louis (1936-), The British Empire in the Middle East, 1945-1951. Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-) and Michael Tidy, Nationalism and New States in Africa: From About 1935 to the Present. James D. McCawley (1938-99), The Eater's Guide to Chinese Characters. Thomas K. McCraw (1940-2012), Prophets of Regulation: Charles Francis Adams, Louis D. Brandeis, James M. Landis, Alfred E. Kahn (Pulitzer Prize); "used biography to explore thorny issues in economics" (NYT). Daniel McFadden (1937-), Econometric Analysis of Qualitative Response Models; pioneers Discrete (Qualitative) Choice Models. John McPhee (1931-), La Place de la Concorde Suisse; its 650K-man standing army can be mobilized in 48 hours. John Michell (1933-2009), Eccentric Lives, Peculiar Notions: Flat-Earthers, Head Drillers, Ufologists, Frantic Lovers, Welsh Druids, Finders of Lost Tribes, & Other Obsessed Individuals. Fergus Millar (1935-) and Erich Segal (197-2010) (eds.), Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects. Robin Morgan (1941-) (ed.), Sisterhood is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology. Sheridan Morley (1941-2007), Katharine Hepburn: A Celebration. Richard Morris (1939-2003), Time's Arrows: Scientific Attitudes Toward Time. Heidi Murkoff, What to Expect When You're Expecting; bestseller (14.5M copies by 2008); "The Bible of American pregnancy". Richard John Neuhaus (1936-2009), The Naked Public Square: Religion and Democracy in America; argues for inclusion of faith in the public arena. Robert Evan Ornstein (1942-) and Richard F. Thompson, The Amazing Brain. Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), Always the Stories: A Brief History and Thought on My Writing U. of Penn., Sumerian Dictionary, Vol. 1 (Nov.); first of 18 planned vols.; first printing sells out - how long have I been waiting for that? Raphael Patai (1910-96), The Kingdom of Jordan (Feb. 22). Joan Peters (1938-), From Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Over Palestine; claims that a large percentage of Palestinian Arabs in 1948 were descendants of recent immigrants from the 19th cent. on, causing a firestorm of controversy. Kevin Phillips (1940-), Staying on Top: The Business Case for a National Industrial Strategy. Richard Pipes (1923-2018), Survival Is Not Enough: Soviet Realities and America's Future. Reynolds Price (1933-), Clear Pictures: First Loves, First Guides (autobio.). Paul Prudhomme (1940-), Louisiana Kitchen Cookbook. Yusuf al-Qaradawi (1926-), Islamic Education and Hasan al-Bana; becomes the std. textbook for Islamists. Diane Ravitch (1938-), Against Mediocrity: The Humanities in America's High Schools. Robert V. Remini (1921-), Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845 (Pulitzer Prize); vol. 3 of 3 (1977, 1981). Susan Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900-1300; 2nd ed. 1997. Howard Rheingold (1947-) and Willis Harman (1918-97), Higher Creativity: Liberating the Unconscious for Breakthrough Insight. Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-2008), Ghosts in the Mirror (autobio.). Paul Craig Roberts (1939-), The Supply Side Revolution: An Insider's Account of Policymaking in Washington. Nicholas Shakespeare (1957-), The Men Who Would Be King: A Look at Royalty in Exile (first book). Orville Hickok Schell (1940-), To Get Rich Is Glorious: China in the Eighties; Modern Meat: Antibiotics, Hormones, and the Pharmaceutical Farm. Kenneth Silverman (1936-), The Life and Times of Cotton Mather (Pulitzer Prize). Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), Love and Exile: An Autobiographical Trilogy (autobio.). Peter Singer (1946-) and Deane Wells (eds.), The Reproduction Revolution: New Ways of Making Babies (May). Cathy Evelyn Smith (1948-), Chasing the Dragon (autobio.); the babe who gave John Belushi his fatal OD. George Steiner (1929-), Antigones: How the Antigone Legend Has Endured in Western Literature, Art, and Thought; George Steiner: A Reader. Robert Sobel (1931-99), Car Wars: The Untold Story; The Rise and Fall of the Conglomerate Kings. Theodore Sorensen (1928-), A Different Kind of Presidency: A Proposal for Breaking the Political Deadlock. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Something Said (essays). Thomas Sowell (1930-), Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality? Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95), The Politics of Spirituality. Strobe Talbott, Deadly Games: The Reagan Administration and the Stalemate in Nuclear Arms. Studs Terkel (1912-2008), The Good War: An Oral History of World War II (Pulitzer Prize). John Terraine (1921-2003), The First World War, 1914-1918. David Toop (1949-), Rap Attack: African Jive to New York Hop Hop; pioneering work on hip hop by former member of the Flying Lizards. Calvin Trillin (1935-), Killings; real-life murder tales. Barbara W. Tuchman (1912-89), The March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam; picks out examples where stupid leaders threw away their empires, incl. Troy, Montezuma, George III, Japan at Pearl Harbor, and, you guessed it, the U.S. in Vietnam. Danny Vickers, Farmers and Fishermen: Two Centuries of Work in Essex County, Massachusetts, 1630-1850; "Wood drastically underestimates the impact of social distinctions predicated upon wealth, especially inherited wealth..." (p. 98); quoted in the 1997 film "Good Will Hunting"; "If you read my book, you can pick up girls" (Vickers). Joe Vitale (1952-), Zen and the Art of Writing: A New Approach to Creative Expression; he goes on to become known as "the Buddha of the Internet" for combining marketing with spirituality and the Law of Attraction. Martin Walser (1927-), The Inner Man. Benjamin J. Wattenberg (1933-), The Good News Is, The Bad News is Wrong. Mike Wallace (1918-) (with Gary Paul Gates), Close Encounters: Mike Wallace's Own Story (autobio.). Ronald G. Walters (1938-2010), Antislavery Appeal: American Abolitionism After 1830 (Apr. 17). Joseph Wambaugh (1937-), Lines and Shadows; the undercover Border Crime Task Force S of San Diego. Eudora Welty (1909-2001), One Writer's Beginnings (autobio.). Anthony West (1914-87), H.G. Wells: Aspects of a Life (June); by his illegitimate son with Rebecca West. John Edgar Wideman (1941-), Brothers and Keepers (autobio.); he and his brother Robby, who got a life sentence in Penn. for a robbery-murder. Charles K. Wilber, The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment. Stuart Wilde (1946-), The Force. George Frederick Will (1941-), Statecraft as Soulcraft: What Government Does (May 17); defense of conservative and how to revamp it after Communism falls. Garry Wills (1934-), Cincinnatus: George Washington and the Enlightenment (May); "a virtuoso of resignation". Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), Hilaire Belloc. Angus Wilson (1913-91), Diversity and Depth in Fiction. E.O. Wilson (1929-2021), Biophilia; "The innate tendency [in human beings] to focus on life and lifelike process. To an extent still undervalued in philosophy and religion, our existence depends on this propensity, our spirit is woven from it, hopes rise on its currents." Fred Alan Wolf (1934-), Star Wave: Mind, Consciousness and Quantum Physics. Bob Woodward (1943-), Wired: The Short Life and Fast Times of John Belushi; the Hollywood drug culture. C. Vann Woodward (1908-99), The Private Mary Chestnut: The Unpub. Civil War Diaries. Al Young (1939-), Kinds of Blue (musical memoir) (Oct.). David S. Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust; FDR blew it and let them be murdered? Plays: Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Ritter, Dene, Voss; the Worringer actress sisters of Vienna; Der Theatermacher (Histrionics). Howard Brenton (1942-), Bloody Poetry (Hampstead Theatre); Romantic Age titans Lord Byran and Percy Bysshe Shelley. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), David and Jonathan. James Duff (1955-), The War at Home (Hampstead Theatre, London) (June 13); stars David Threlfall and Frances Sternhagen; filmed in 1996. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Strindberg: Ett Liv. Dario Fo (1926-), Elizabeth: Almost by Chance a Woman. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Sarita (INTAR, New York) (Jan. 18); Sarita Fernandez is torn apart by sexual desires; No Time. Michael Frayn (1933-), Benefactors (Vaudeville Theatre, London) (Apr. 4); stars Polly Adams, Clive Francis. David French (1939-), Salt-Water Moon (Taragon Theater, Toronto); Jacob and Mary Snow; Mercer play #3. Pam Gems (1925-), Loving Women. Simon Gray (1936-2008), The Common Pursuit (Lyric Hammersmith, London). Christopher Hampton (1946-), Tales from Hollywood (Mark Taper Forum Theater, Los Angeles); filmed in 1992 by Howard Davis. Beth Henley (1952-), The Miss Firecracker Contest (Manhattan Theatre Club, New York) (May 1); dir. by Stephen Tobolowsky; stars Holly Hunter as Carnelle, who tries to win the you know what; also stars Mark Linn-Baker. Velina Hasu Houston (1957-), American Dreams. Arthur Kopit (1937-), End of the World; a playwright becomes a P.I. and writes a play about playwright Michael Trent, who is writing a play about the end of the world. Tony Kushner (1956-), Last Gasp at the Cataract. Frank McGuinness (1953-), Borderlands. Mark Medoff (1940-), The Hands of Its Enemy; Phyllis Frelich returns. Arthur Miller (1915-2005), The American Clock; a family in the Great Depression. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Edwin and Other Plays. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), The Man from the USSR and Other Plays (posth.). Marsha Norman (1947-), Traveller in the Dark; a surgeon operates on his childhood friend, who dies. Reynolds Price (1933-), Private Contentment (Mar.). David Rabe (1940-), Hurlyburly (Goodman Theatre, Chicago) (Promenade Theatre, Manhattan) (June) (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York) (Aug. 7) (343 perf.); dir. by Mike Nichols; stars William Hurt, Harvey Keitel, Christopher Walken, Jerry Stiller as four separated or divorced male failures living in a Hollywood Hills bungalow; also stars Sigourney Weaver; filmed in 1998. Larry Shue (1946-85), The Foreigner (comedy) (Astor Place Theatre, New York) (Nov. 1) (686 perf.); dir. by Jerry Zaks; stars Shue as Charlie Baker, Anthony Heald as SSgt. Froggy LeSueuer, and Patricia Kalember as Southern belle Catherine Simms in a fishing lodge in Ga., where Englishman Baker pretends to be unable to speak English. Patrick Suskind (1949-), The Double Bass. Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), Dialogo Secreto (Secret Dialogue). Paula Vogel (1951-), And Baby Makes Seven. Michael Weller (1942-), The Ballad of Soapy Smith (Newman Theatre, New York). August Wilson (1945-2005), Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (Cort Theatre, New York) (Oct. 11) (225 perf.); stars Theresa Merritt as 1920s Chicago jazz singer Ma Rainey, whose group (Cutler, Toledo, Slow Drag, Levee) has to decide between art and commerce and the risk of losing their black identity; also stars Charles S. Dutton as Levee. Lanford Wilson (1937-), Balm in Gilead (Minetta Lane Theater, New York) (Sept. 6) (143 perf.); stars Steven Bauer, Glenn Headley, Laurie Metcalf. Robert Wilson (1941-), The CIVIL warS: A Tree is Best Measured When It Is Down; 12-hour opera for the 1984 Olympics. Poetry: John Ash (1948-), The Branching Stairs. John Ashbery (1927-2017), The Wave. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Interlunar. Robert Bly (1926-2021), Mirabai Versions. Turner Cassity (1929-2009), The Airship Boys in Africa. Fred Chappell (1936-), Castle Tzingal. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), Here I Am, There You Are, Where Were We. Robert Edward Duncan (1919-88), Ground Work: Before the War (last work). Stephen Dunn (1939-), Not Dancing. Odysseus Elytis (1911-96), Diary of an Invisible April. Louise Erdrich (1954-), Jacklight (debut). Tess Gallagher (1943-), The Hug. George Garrett (1929-2008), Collected Poems. Allen Ginsberg (1926-97), Collected Poems, 1947-1980. Michael S. Harper (1938-), Healing Song for the Inner Ear. Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), Verses for a Fordham Commencement; Station Island; Hailstones. Donald Rodney Justice (1925-2004), Tremayne. Maurice Kenny (1929-), The Mama Poems. Carolyn Kizer (1925-), Yin (Pulitzer Prize); Mermaids in the Basement: Poems for Women. Irving Layton (1912-2006), The Love Poems of Irving Layton: With Reverence and Delight. Denise Levertov (1923-97), Oblique Prayers: New Poems. William Matthews (1942-97), A Happy Childhood. Rod McKuen (1933-2015), Suspension Bridge. Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004), The Unencompassed Earth. Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), A Good Journey. Rochelle Owens (1936-), French Light. Kenneth Patchen (1911-72), What Shall We Do Without Us: The Voice and Vision of Kenneth Patchen (Sept. 12) (posth.). Robert Pinsky (1940-), History of My Heart; Dying; An Explanation of America. Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), Selected Poems (posth.). Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), The Fact of a Doorframe: Poems Selected and New, 1950-1984. Philip Schultz (1945-), Deep Within the Ravine. Gerald Stern (1925-), Paradise Poems. Diane Wakoski (1937-), The Collected Greed; pt. 2 of 1968 work. Derek Walcott (1930-), Midsummer. Alice Walker (1944-), Horses Make a Landscape Look More Beautiful. David Whyte (1955-), Songs for Coming Home (debut). Charles Wright (1935-), The Other Side of the River. Jay Wright (1934-), Explications/Interpretations. Novels: Kobo Abe (1924-93), The Ark Sakura (The Woman in the Dunes). Alice Adams (1926-99), Superior Women. Richard Adams (1920-2016), Maia; prequel to "Shardik" (1974). Catherine Aird (1930-), Harm's Way; Detective Inspector C.D. Sloan; a human finger is found by the Berebury Country Footpaths Society. Isabel Allende (1942-), La Gorda de Porcelana; Don Cornelio buys something that changes his life. Jorge Amado (1912-2001), Showdown (Tocaia Grande). Martin Amis (1949-), Money. Rudolfo Anaya (1937-), The Legend of La Llorona; La Malinche, the woman who helped Cortes bring down the Aztecs. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The Book Class. Richard Bach (1936-), The Bridge Across Forever: A Lovestory; based on his relationship with Leslie Parrish. Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), Watson's Apology; Irish spinster Anne Armstrong in 1844. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Empire of the Sun (Sept. 13); young Brit Jamie Graham becomes separated when the Japanese occupy Shanghai, and ends up in a POW camp; filmed in 1987 by Steven Spielberg. Iain M. Banks (1954-2013), The Wasp Factory (first novel); pub. after seveal sci-fi novels are rejected; 16-y.-o. psycho teenie Francis "Frank" Cauldhame living on a remote Scottish island; "A work of unparalleled depravity" (The Irish Times); pub. under name Iain Banks, with the middle initial reserved for sci-fi works. Russell Banks (1940-), The Relation of My Imprisonment (Feb. 29); alternate history involving a Puritan style of writing. Clive Barker (1952-), The Books of Blood (6 vols.) (1984-5). Pat Barker (1943-), Blow Your House Down. Frederick Barthelme (1943-), Second Marriage; a love between a man, his wife, and his ex-wife. Saul Bellow (1915-2005), Him with His Foot in His Mouth and Other Stories. Thomas Berger (1924-), Granted Wishes: Three Stories. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Holzfallen: Eine Erregung (Cutting Timber: An Irritation); bestseller causing an uproar in Austria for its thinly-veiled depiction of Viennese personalities. Maeve Binchy (1940-), The Lilac Bus. Lady Caroline Blackwood (1931-96), Corrigan (last novel); a man in a wheelchair moves in on a depressed widow. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Sommeil d'Hiver (Wintersleep); Pierre ou La Guerre du Printemps. Robert Bloch (1917-94), Night of the Ripper; suggested solution to Jack the Ripper. Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), La Fin du Monde. T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948-), Budding Prospects: A Pastoral; Felix Nasmyth grows marijuana in N Calif. John Braine (1922-86), The Two of Us. Anita Brookner (1928-), Hotel du Lac; romantic novelist Edith Hope at a hotel in Lake Geneva. Anthony Burgess (1917-93), Enderby's Dark Lady, or No End to Enderby; #4 and last in the Enderby series, (1963-84). Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006), Clay's Ark. Angela Carter (1940-92), Nights at the Circus (Mar. 4); Cockney virgin Fewers, who was hatched from an egg and becomes a famous aerialiste in 1899 England, captivating young journalist Jack Walser. James Hadley Chase (1906-85), Hit Them Where It Hurts (last novel). Sandra Cisneros (1955-), The House on Mango Street (first novel). Tom Clancy (1947-2013), The Hunt for Red October (first novel); first pub. by Naval Inst. Press; after getting a boost from Ronald Reagan, who calls it "the perfect yarn", sales explode, inventing the blockbuster bestselling "techno-thriller" genre; Lithuanian-born Soviet sub cmdr. Marko Alexandrovich Ramius defects with a new Typhon-class sub with a revolutionary stealth propulsion system; introduces CIA analyst Jack Ryan, an honest man in govt., based on Steve R. Pieczenik; filmed in 1990. Mary Higgins Clark (1927-), Stillwatch; TV journalist Pat Traymore covers Sen. Abigail Jennings, first woman nominated for U.S. vice-pres. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Black Velvet Gown. E.V. Cunningham (Howard Fast) (1914-2003), The Case of the Murdered Mackenzie; Masao Masuto #6. Michael Cunningham (1952-), Golden States (first novel). Clive Cussler (1931-), Deep Six; Dirk Pitt #7. Guy Davenport (1927-2005), Apples and Pears and Other Stories (Nov.). Len Deighton (1929-), Mexico Set. Samuel R. Delany (1942-), Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand. Joan Didion (1934-2021), Democracy; Inez Christian Victor, wife of a liberal Calif. Sen. goes to Vietnam to recover the body of her heroin addict daughter, and hooks up with mysterious Jack Lovett. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), The Businessman: A Tale of Terror; philanderer Bob Glandier tracks down his wife Giselle after she takes off for Las Vegas with another man. E.L. Doctorow (1931-), Lives of the Poets: Six Stories and a Novella. Harriet Doerr (1910-2002), Stones for Ibarra (first novel); idealistic American couple Richard and Sara Everton move to a Mexican village to check out an abandoned copper mine, and find they are the only foreigners. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), De Alfonce Tennis... Allen Drury (1918-98), The Roads of Earth (Sept.); alternate history of the fall of the Soviet Union. Andre Dubus (1936-99), Voices from the Moon; We Don't Live Here Anymore: Three Novellas; two academic couples and their marital troubles. Marguerite Duras (1914-96), L'Amant (The Lover); autobio. novel about true life love starting in childhood. William Eastlake (1917-97), Jack Armstrong in Tangier (last novel). Kevin Brooks Eastman (1962-) and Peter Alan Laird (1954-), Teen-Age Mutant Ninja Turtles (May); B&W comic book about radioactive "mutigant" turtles Donatello, Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael, who were trained by a rat sensei in the art of ninjutsu, and live in the sewers of New York City, battling crime while hiding from society; takes off after a UPI story turns on Playmates Toys, who in 1988 licenses Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Toys, reaching $1B in sales by 1990, along with a CBS-TV show that debuts on Dec. 28, 1987 for 193 episodes (until Nov. 2, 1996)) and a 1990 film that does $250M box office. James Ellroy (1948-), Blood on the Moon; cop Lloyd Hopkins hunts a serial killer; filmed in 1987 as "Cop"; Because the Night; Lloyd Hopkins and mad pshrink John Havilland. Louise Erdrich (1954-), Love Medicine (first novel); first in a tetralogy about Anishinaabe Rez life in N.D. Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Outsider. Sebastian Faulks (1953-), A Trick of the Light (first novel). Timothy Findley (1930-2002), Not Wanted on the Voyage (Sept.); magic realist retelling of Noah's Flood starring Noah and Mrs. Noyes. Frederick Forsyth (1938-), The Fourth Protocol; renagade Soviets plant a nuke near a U.S. AFB in the U.K. to influence the British elections. Paula Fox (1923-), A Servant's Tale; Luise de la Cueva from the Caribbean island of Malagita. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), No Part in Your Death (Jan. 1) (Henri Castang, #8). Jack Fuller, Fragments. William Gibson (1948-), Neuromancer (July 1) (first novel); Sprawl Trilogy #1; wins the Nebula, Philip K. Dick, and Hugo Awards; invents the cyberpunk genre, by the coiner of the term "cyberspace"; Henry Dorsett Case, Molly Millions, and Armitage in the Sprawl of Chiba City, Japan; "The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel" (first sentence); "He never saw Molly again" (last sentence). Gail Godwin (1937-), The Finishing School; 40-y.-o. actress Justin Stikes reminisces about age 14 and Ursula DeVane. Winston Graham (1908-2003), The Loving Cup; Poldark Saga #10. Winston Groom (1944-), Only. Allan Gurganus (1947-), The Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All; made into a 1994 TV miniseries; "I hope my novel put another nail in the coffin of minimalism." Arthur Hailey (1920-2004), Strong Medicine. Pete Hamill (1935-), The Guns of Heaven; newspaper reporter Sam Briscoe tries to prevent a 9/11-type attack in 1983 New York City. Peter Handke (1942-), Phantasies of Repetition. Barbara Grizzuti Harrison (1934-2002), Foreign Bodies (May). Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Sundog: The Story of an American Foreman, Robert Corvus Strang. Kent Haruf (1943-), The Tie That Binds (first novel); 80-y.-o. Edith Goodnough of Holt County, Colo. recounts her past from a hospital bed. Joseph Heller (1923-99), God Knows; zany sex-drenched retelling of his story by King David, who disses Michelangelo. George V. Higgins (1939-99), Old Earl Died Pulling Traps: A Story. Tony Hillerman (1925-2008), The Ghostway. Robert Holdstock (1948-), Mythago Wood; a worthy competitor to J.R.R. Tolkien? William Humphrey (1924-97), Hostages to Fortune. Josephine Humphreys (1945-), Dreams of Sleep (first novel); the 10-year dysfunctional marriage of Alice and Will in Charleston, S.C. Susan Isaacs (1943-), Almost Paradise; Nick and Jane meet at Brown U. and fall in love. John Jakes (1932-), Love and War; #2 in the North and South Trilogy. Ward Just (1935-), The American Blues. Jamaica Kincaid (1949-), At the Bottom of the River (short stories). Russell Amos Kirk (1918-94), Watchers at the Strait Gate: Mystical Tales. Dean Koontz (1945-), Darkfall. Milan Kundera (1929-), The Unbearable Lightness of Being; Czech brain surgeon Tomas, his lover Sabina, and other lover Tereza; how you only get one chance and don't take it seriously until it's too late, when you realize you don't get to do life over again?; filmed in 1988. David Leavitt (1961-), Family Dancing (short stories) (debut). Torgny Lindgren (1938-), Bathsheba. Charles de Lint (1951-), Moonheart. Gordon Lish (1934-), What I Know So Far (short stories). Penelope Lively (1933-), According to Mark; Corruption and Other Stories. Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), The Real Life of Alejandro Meyta. James Lovelock (1919-) and Michael Allaby, The Greening of Mars. Alison Lurie (1926-), Foreign Affairs (Pulitzer Prize); Am. academic Virginia Miner and her Am. critic Prof. L.D. Zimmern meet in England. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), Ride a Pale Horse; jounralist Karen cornell helps a Czech defector take top-secret documents to Washington. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), San Andreas; British Merchant Navy hospital ship in WWII is targeted by the Germans. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Tough Guys Don't Dance; bestseller about struggling novelist Tim Madden, who wakes up with a tattoo he can't remember getting; filmed in 1987 by Mailer. David Malouf (1934-), Harland's Half Acre; Australian painter Frank Harland (modeled after Ian Fairweather). Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Flynn's In; Carioca Fletch. Donald McCaig (1940-), Nop's Trials; a Border collie and his master, contrasted with gory animal lab experiments. Thomas McGuane (1939-), Something to Be Desired; philanderer Lucien Taylor tries to rebuild his family. Jay McInerney (1955-), Bright Lights Big City (first novel); Jamie goes to New York City and plunges into the drug and club scene; "You will have to learn everything over again" (last line). Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), The Daysman (Feb. 20). William Ormond Mitchell (1914-98), Since Daisy Creek (Oct.). David Morrell (1943-), Brotherhood of the Rose; followed by "Fraternity of the Stone" (1985), "The League of Night and Fog" (1987), "The Covenant of the Flame" (1991). Frederic Morton (1924-), The Forever Street; HRE Joseph II. Herta Muller (1953-), Druckender Tango (first novel). Abdul Rahman Munif, Cities of Salt (5 vols.); rushed modernization of Persian Gulf oil states; "'Cities of salt' means cities that offer no sustainable existence. When the waters come in, the first waves will dissolve the salt and reduce these great glass cities to dust." Charles Newman (1939-2006), White Jazz (Jan.). Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Mysteries of Winterthurn; 19th cent. Erasmus Kilgarven commits incest with his daughter Georgina, who resorts to poetry. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), The Far Side of the World; Aubrey-Maturin #10. Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), Fightin': New and Collected Stories. Sara Paretsky (1947-), Deadlock; V.I. Warshawski #2. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), Valediction; Spenser #11. Milorad Pavic (1929-), Dictionary of the Khazars: A Lexicon Novel in 100,000 Words; three cross-referenced mini-encylopedias with a fanciful version of the 9th cent. conversion of the Khazars to Judaism. Jayne Anne Phillips (1952-), Fast Lanes (short stories). William Luther Pierce III (1933-2002), Hunter; pub. under alias Andrew Macdonald; prequel to "The Turner Diaries", about Vietnam vet Oscar Yeager, who assassinates interracial couples in the Washington, D.C. area; a copy is found in Terry Nichols' home by the FBI. Jayne Anne Phillips (1952-), Machine Dreams (first novel); the Hampson family from WWII to the Vietnam War. Robert Pinget (1919-97), Le Harnais. James Purdy (1914-2009), On Glory's Course. Mario Puzo (1920-99), The Sicilian; #2 in the Godfather saga. Thomas Pynchon (1937-), Slow Learner (short stories). Tom Robbins (1932-), Jitterbug Perfume; a Seattle waitress tries to invent the perfect perfume and find a mysterious blue bottle. Kim Stanley Robinson (1952-), Icehenge; a Stonhenge-type monument is discovered on Pluto; The Wild Shore; an alternate future Calif. Joanna Russ (1937-2011), (Extra)ordinary People (short stories). Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Passion of Molly T. Helen Hooven Santmyer (1895-1986), ...And Ladies of the Club; her first novel since 1929; bestseller about a family in small-town Waynesboro, Ohio between the U.S. Civil War and Great Depression; Anne Gordon and Sally Rausch, 1868 graduates of the Waynesboro Female Seminary. Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88), Los Jinetes del Alba (Riders of the Dawn). Jose Saramago (1922-2010), The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis; Fernando Pessoa's "heteronym", dead Portuguese Poet Fernando Pessoa, which survives for a year after he dies. Melissa Scott (1960-), The Game Beyond (first novel) (Nov. 1); the Roman Empire grows to the stars. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), See No Evil: Prefaces, Essays and Accounts, 1976-1983. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Marmalade Jim and the Fox (Jan.); Down from the Hill. Robert Silverberg (1935-), Sailing to Byzantium. Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), Highway of (to) Eternity; about Jay Corcoran, whose client vanishes, causing him to find a room-sized box stuck to the outside wall of his hotel suite, and call in his friend Tom Boone, who has the power to "step around a corner", causing them to travel back to 1745 Shropshire England, where they find a family of refugees from 1M years in the future. John Thomas Sladek (1937-2000), The Lunatics of Terra (short stories). Jane Smiley (1949-), Duplicate Keys. Dave Smith (1942-), Southern Delights. Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Only Problem; Harvey writes a treatise on Job and becomes him. Elizabeth Spencer (1921-), The Salt Line. LaVyrle Spencer (1943-), The Hellion; Sweet Memories; Twice Loved. Danielle Steel (1947-), Family Album; Secrets. Neal Town Stephenson (1959-), The Big U (first novel). Steve Stern (1947-), The Moon and Ruben Shein. David Storey (1933-), Present Times. Whitley Strieber (1945-) and James Kunetka, Warday; bestseller about limited nuclear warfare. Walter Tevis (1928-84), The Color of Money; sequel to "The Hustler" (1959); filmed in 1986 starring Paul Newman. Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), Swallow. John Updike (1932-2009), The Witches of Eastwick; Alexandra Spofford, Jane Smart, and Sukie Rougement of Eastwick, R.I. are left by their husbands and set up a coven, then are visited by Satanic Darryl Van Horne; filmed in 1987. Leon Uris (1924-2003), The Haj; a struggle for water rights in the village of Tabah in the Ayalon Valley between muktar Haj Ibrahim and Gideon Asch. Maurice Valency (1903-96), Ashby (first novel). Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Lincoln: A Novel; his masterpiece?; filmed in 1988 starring Sam Waterston and Mary Tyler Moore; pisses-off "Dean of Lincoln Scholars" Richard N. Current (1912-2012), who starts a pissing-war with him in The New York Review of Books, with the soundbyte: "Vidal simply doesn't know what he's talking about", to which Vidal replies that Current is a "professional saint-maker" and "scholar-squrrel" who "mindlessly gathers little facts". Vernor Vinge (1944-), The Peace War; more bobbling. Fay Weldon (1931-), Letters to Alice: On First Reading Jane Austen. Rebecca West (1892-1983), This Real Night (posth.); sequel to "The Fountain Overflows" (1956). William Wharton (1925-2008), Scumbler; 60-y.-o. Yank living in Paris makes a living creating apts. Tom Wicker, Unto This Hour; the 2nd Battle of Bull Run. Marianne Wiggins, Separate Checks. Tobias Wolff (1945-), The Barracks Thief; a Vietnam War recruit in basic training. Richard Yates (1926-92), Young Hearts Crying; Michael and Lucy Davenport see their marriage disintegrate. Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), Devilseed. Births: Am. actress-comedian Kate McKinnon on Jan. 6 in Sea Cliff, N.Y.; educated at Columbia U. Saudi blogger Raif (Raef) Badawi on Jan. 13. Am. conservative pundit (Jewish) Benjamin Aaron "Ben" Shapiro on Jan. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at UCLA, and Harvard U. Am. Va. Tech mass murderer Cho Seung-Hui (d. 2007) on Jan. 18 in Asan, South Korea; emigrates to the U.S. in 1992. Am. "A Private Matter", "Homecoming", "Lawnmower Man 2" actor Trever Branden O'Brien on Jan. 19 in Newport Beach, Calif.; brother of Austin O'Brien (1980-); educated at Azusa Pacific U. Am. "Trouble", "California Gurls", "Dynamite", "Hold It Against Me" singer-songwriter-actress (redhead) Bonnie Leigh McKee on Jan. 20 in Vacaville, Calif.; grows up in Seattle, Wash. Dominican baseball pitcher (Colo. Rockies #38, 2006-) Ubaldo Jimenez on Jan. 22 in Nagua. Am. Dem. political activist Nomiki Daphne Konst on Jan. 27 in Tucson, Ariz.; educated at the U. of Ariz. Am. 6'6" basketball player (black) (Philadelphia 76ers #9, 2004-12) Golden State Warriors #9, 2013-) Andre Tyler Iguodala on Jan. 28 in Springfield, Ill.; educated at the U. of Ariz. Am. Theranos CEO Elizabeth Anne Holmes on Feb. 3 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Stanford U. Am. "Redneck Crazy" country singersongwriter Tyler Lynn Farr on Feb. 5 in Garden City, Mo. Argentine soccer player Carlos Alberto Tevez (Martinez) on Feb. 5 in Ciudadela, Buenos Aires. Am. "Mars Attacks!" actor Brandon Hammond on Feb. 6 in Baton Rouge, La. Am. singer-songwriter (bi?) Aubrey Morgan O'Day (Danity Kane) on Feb. 11 in San Francisco, Calif. Polish 6'11" basketball player (Orlando Magic #4, 2007-10) (Phoenix Suns #4, 2010-13) (Washington Wizards #4, 2013-) Marcin "the Polish Hammer" Gortat on Feb. 17 in Lodz. Am. Repub. pollster Kristen Soltis Anderson on Feb. 22 in Orlando, Fla.; educated at the U. of Fla., and Johns Hopkins U. Venezuelan-Am. baseball pitcher (Fla./Miami Marlins, 2006-12) (Detroit Tigers, 2012-17) (Atlanta Braves, 2018) (Washington Nationals #19, 2019-) Anibal Alejandro Sanchez Jr. on Feb. 27 in Maracay. Am. Olympic swimmer (black) Cullen Jones on Feb. 29 in Bronx, N.Y.; first Africa-Am. to hold a world record in Olympic swimming, and 2nd to make U.S. Olympic swimming team (2008) after Anthony Ervin (1981-). Canadian pop musician triplets David Michael William (gay), Bob and Clint Moffatt on Mar. 8 in Vancouver, B.C.; brother of Scott Moffatt (1983-). Am. "Dr. Remy Thirteen Hadey in House, M.D.", "Alex Kelly in The O.C.", "Booksmart" actress-dir. Olivia Wilde (nee Olivia Jane Cockburn) on Mar. 10 in New York City; British-born Irish-raised father Andrew Cockburn, Am. mother Leslie Cockburn; half-niece of Sarah Caudwell (1939-2000); grows up in Georgetown, Washington, D.C.; educated at Phillips Academy. Am. "Jessi XX in Kyle XY", "Liz Chambers in Hallowed Ground" actress Jaimie Alexander on Mar. 12 in Greenville, S.C. U.S. Rep. (R-Tex.) (2019-) Daniel "Dan" Crenshaw on Mar. 14 in Aberdeen, Scotland; grows up in Katy, Tex.; educated at Tufts U., and Harvard U.; loses his right eye in Helmand Province, Afghanistan in 2012. Am. Silk Road Website founder Ross William Ulbricht (AKA Dread Pirate Roberts) on Mar. 17 in Austin, Tex. educated at the U. of Tex.,, and Penn. State U. Am. 6'4" football WR (black) (Chicago Bears #15, 2012-) Brandon Marshall on Mar. 23 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at the U. of Central Fla. Am. 6'11" basketball power forward (black) (Toronto Raptors, 2003-10) (Miami Heat #1, 2010-17) Christopher Wesson "Chris" Bosh on Mar. 24 in Dallas, Tex.; educated at Ga. Tech. Am. Pres. Trump lawyer (Chaldean Catholic Arab) Alina Habba on Mar. 25 in Summit, N.J.; Iraqi immigrant parents; educated at Lehigh U., and Widener Commonwealth Law. Am. singer-songwriter-actress Katharine Hope "Kat" McPhee on Mar. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif.; wife (2019-) of David Foster (1949-). Am. "Small Town USA" country singer Justin Cole Moore on Mar. 30 in Poyen, Ark. Australian 5'8" tennis player Samantha Jane "Sam" Stosur on Mar. 30 in Brisbane, Queensland. Am. "Marah Lewis in Guiding Light" actress Ashley Peldon on Apr. 2 in New York City; sister of Courtney Peldon (1981-). Am. "Marcus Mark Jason Taylor in Home Improvement" actor Taran Noah Smith on Apr. 8 in San Francisco, Calif. Am. "Lana Thomas in The Princess Diaries" actress-singer Amanda Leigh "Mandy" Moore on Apr. 10 in Nashua, N.H.; Irish-Cherokee father, English Jewish mother. Am. "Betty Suarez in Ugly Betty" actress America Georgine Ferrera on Apr. 18 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Honduran immigrant parents. English singer-songwriter Amelle Berrabah (Sugarbabes) on Apr. 22 in Aldershot, Hampshire; Moroccan immigrant parents. Am. paleontologist Stephen Louis Brusatte on Apr. 24 in Ottawa, Ill.; educated at the U. of Chicago, U. of Bristol, and Columbia U. Australian "Kiss Somebody" country musician Morgan John Evans on Apr. 24 in Newcastle, N.S.W. Am. "Ex-Fat Girl" model-actress Mariko Takahashi on Apr. 24 in San Francisco, Calif. Am. Islamist terrorist (Muslim) Omar Shafik Hammami (Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki) on May 6 in Daphne, Ala.; Muslim Syrian immigrant father, Southern Baptist Am. mother. Am. 6'4" QB (San Francisco 49ers #11, 2005-) (Kansas City Chief #11, 2013-) Alexander Douglas "Alex" Smith on May 7 in Bremerton, Wash.; grows up in Bonita, Calif.; educated at Mich. State U. Am. Facebook co-founder (Jewish) Mark Elliot Zuckerberg on May 14 in White Plains, N.Y.; educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, and Harvard U. - born in 1984: does that mean he will become Big Brother? Am. chef (black) Elijah Joy (Erik C. Nedd) on May 15 in Washington, D.C. Scottish IQ researcher Michael Anthony Woodley of Menie, Younger on May 16 in Scotland; educated at the U. of London. Am. fashion designer Alexander Wang on May 17 in San Francisco, Calif. French auto racer Simon Pagenaud on May 18 in in Poitiers. Am. 6'1" golfer Gary Woodland on May 21 in Topeka, Kan.; educated at the U. of Kan. Am. 5'6" Jeopardy! champ (tranny) Amy (Thomas E. ) Schneider on Mazy 29 in Dayton, Ohio; educated at the U. of Dayton. Am. 6'8" basketball small forward (black) (Denver Nuggets #15, 2003-11) (New York Knicks #7, 2011-17) (Okla. City Thunder, 2017-18) (Houston Rockets, 2018-19) Carmelo Kyam "Mello" Anthony on May 29 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Puerto Rican father, African-Am. mother; educated at Syracuse U. Am. 6'5" football QB Jordan William Palmer on May 30 in Westlake Village, Calif.; brother of Carson Palmer (1979-). Serbian-Am. swimmer Milorad Cavic on May 31 in Anaheim, Calif.; educated at UCB. Venezuelan baseballl catcher (Tex. Rangers, 2013-18) (Houston Astros #28, 2019-) Robinson David Chirinos Gonzales on June 5 in Punto Fijo. Dutch fashion designer Iris van Herpen on June 5 in Wamel. English singer-songwriter Siobhan Emma Donaghy (Sugarbabes) on June 14 in London; of Irish descent. Am. 5'11" baseball pitcher (San Francisco Giants #55, 2007-15) (Los Angeles Angels, 2016) ("The Freak") Timothy Leroy "Tim" Lincecum on June 15 in Bellevue, Wash. Am. "Dwayne in Little Miss Sunshine", "Eli and Paul Sunday in There Will Be Blood" actor Paul Franklin Dano on June 19 in New York City. Welsh "Mercy" singer-songwriter Duffy (Aimee Ann Duffy) on June 23 in Nefyn. Am. conservative activist James E. O'Keefe III on June 28 in Bergen County, N.J.; educated at Rutgers U. Am. "American Idol 2004" R&B singer (black) Fantasia Barrino on June 30 in High Point, N.C. British "History of the Second World War" historian and MP (1922) Sir James Ramsay Montagu Butler (d. 1975) on July 20 in Cambridge; son of Henry Montagu Butler (1833-1918) and 2nd wife Agneta Frances Ramsay; educated at Harrow School, and Trinity College, Cambridge U.; knighted 1958. Am. "Piper Chapman in Orange Is the New Black" actress Taylor Schilling on July 27 in Boston, Mass. Am. "John Adams" actress Mary Willa "Mamie" Gummer on Aug. 3 in New York City; daughter of Meryl Streep (1949-) and Don Gummer (1946-); grows up in Salisbury, Conn.; sister of Henry Wolfe Gummer (1979-), Grace Gummer (1986-), and Louisa Gummer (1991-); educated at Northwestern U. Am. 6'2" Olympic swimmer Ryan Steven Lochte on Aug. 3 in Rochester, N.Y.; educated at the U. of Fla. Am. football kicker (Denver Broncos #5, 2007-) Matthew Philip "Matt" Prater on Aug. 10 in Mayfield Heights, Ohio. Dominican baseball outfielder (New York Yankees, 2005-9) Melky Cabrera y Astacio on Aug. 11 in Santo Domingo. Swedish 6'4" tennis player Robin Bo Carl Soderling (Söderling) on Aug. 14 in Tibro. Am. "Nick Lighter in The Jersey Boys" actor Michael James Galeota on Aug. 28 in Long Island, N.Y. English "Jenny Halsey in The Mummy" actress Annabelle Frances Wallis on Sept. 5 in Oxford; of Irish descent; maternal great-niece of Richard Harris; grows up in Cascais, Portugal. Am. "The Empire Files" journalist Abigail Suzanne "Abby" Martin on Sept. 6 in Oakland, Calif.; educated at San Diego State U. Russian 5'7-1/2" tennis player Vera Igorevna Zvonareva on Sept. 7 in Moscow. English 6'4" prince Henry "Harry" Charles Albert David Mountbatten-Windsor of Wales on Sept. 15 in St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington, West London; younger son of Prince Charles (1947-) and Princess Diana (1961-97); brother of Prince William (1982-). Georgian-British jazz-blues singer-songwriter Ketevan "Katie" Melua on Sept. 16 in Kutaisi, Georgia; emigrates to U.K. at age 8. Canadian "Josh Framm in Air Bud", "Damien Dalgaard in Gossip Girl" actor Kevin Zegers on Sept. 19 in Woodstock, Ont. Taiwanese-Chinese "Louis Vuitton" 6'4" actor-model Godfrey Gao (Tsao Chih-Hsiand) (d. 2019) on Sept. 22 in Taipei; Shangha-born father, China-born mother; educated at Capilano U.; one of the Fashion 4 (F4) incl. Sphinx Tang, Victor Chen, and Lan Chun-tien. Canadian "Sk8er Boi", "I'm With You", "Happy Ending", "Girlfriend" singer Avril (Fr. "April") Ramona Lavigne (Fr. "vineyard") on Sept. 27 in Belleville, Ont. Am. baseball first baseman (Washington Nationals #11, 2005-) Ryan Wallace "Mr. National" Zimmerman on Sept. 28 in Washington, N.C. Am. singer-songwriter (black) Keisha Kerreece Fayeanne Buchanan (Sugarbabes) on Sept. 30 in Kingsbury, London. French 5'7" tennis player Marion Bartoli on Oct. 2 in Geneva, Switzerland; of Corsican, Catalan, and French descent. Am. "Pieces of Me" singer-songwriter Ashlee Simpson (Ashley Nicolle Simpson) (Wentz) (Ross) on Oct. 3 in Waco, Tex.; sister of Jessica Simpson (1980-). Japanese "Gogo Yubari in Kill Bill Volume 1" actress-model-singer Chiaki Kuriyama on Oct. 10 in Tsuchiura, Ibaraki. Am. baseball player (Colorado Rockies #2, 2006-15) (Toronto Blue Jays, 2015-17) (New York Yankees, 2019-) Troy Trevor "Tulo" Tulowitzki on Oct. 10 in Santa Clara, Calif. Chinese soprano ("the Dolphin Princess") Jane Zhang on Oct. 11 in Chengdu, Sichuan. Ukrainian Olympic skiier Anton Sergeyevich Kushnir on Oct. 13. Indian "Latika in Slumdog Millionaire" actress Freida Pinto on Oct. 18 Mumbai. Am. jazz bassist-singer (black) Esperanza Spalding on Oct. 18 in Portland, Ore.; African-Am. father, Welsh-Hispanic-Native Am. mother. Am. 5'9-1/2" alpine ski racer Lindsey Caroline Vonn (nee Kildow) on Oct. 18 in St. Paul, Minn. Am. "Ur So Gay", "I Kissed a Girl" singer-songwriter Katy Perry (Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson) on Oct. 25 in Santa Barbara, Calif.; wife (2010-) of Russell Brand (1975-). Am. Olympic figure skater (Jewish) Alexandra Pauline "Sasha" Cohen on Oct. 26 in Westwood, Calif.; Jewish-Am. father, Jewish Ukrainian immigrant mother; not to be confused with comedian Sacha Cohen (1971-). English actress-singer Kelly Michelle Lee Osbourne on Oct. 27 in London; daughter of Ozzy Osbourne (1948-) and Sharon Osbourne (1952-). Am. Dem. politician-epidemiologist (Sunni Muslim) Abdulrahman Mohamed El-Sayed on Oct. 31 in Detroit, Mich.; Egyptian immigrant parents; educated at the U. of Mich., Oriel College, Oxford U., and Columbia U. Kenyan 5'6" long distance runner (black) Eliud Kipchoge Nov. 5 in Kapsisiywa. Am. R&B singer-songwriter-actor (black) (bi) Omarion (Omari Ismael Grandberry) on Nov. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Burning House" country singer-songwriter Cam (Camaron Marvel Ochs) on Nov. 19 in Lafayette, Calif.; grows up in San Francisco, Calif. Am.-Danish "The Horse Whisperer", "Girl with a Pearl Earring" actress-singer (Jewish) Scarlett I. Johansson on Nov. 22 in New York City; named after Scarlett O'Hara; Danish father, Jewish mother; wife (2008-) of Ryan Reynolds (1976-). Australian 7'0" basketball player (white) (Milwaukee Bucks #6, 2005-12) (Golden State Warriors #12, 2012-) Andrew Michael Bogut on Nov. 28 in Melbourne, Victoria; Croatian immigrant parents; educated at the U. of Utah. Am. "Ramona Flowers in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World", "Kate Lloyd in The Thing" scream queen actress Mary Elizabeth Winstead on Nov. 28 in Rocky Mount, N.C. Am. "Leave the Night On", "House Party", "Take Your Time" country singer-songwriter Sam Lowry Hunt on Dec. 8 in Cedartown, Ga.; educated at the U. of Ala. Australian singer-songwriters Jessica Louise Origliasso and Lisa Marie Origliasso (The Veronicas) on Dec. 25 in Brisbane, Queensland. German 6'0" golfer Martin Kaymer on Dec. 28 in Dusseldorf, West Germany. Am. 6'8" basketball forward/guard (black) (Cleveland Cavaliers #23, 2003-10, 2014-) (Miami Heat #6, 2010-) LeBron Raymone "King" James on Dec. 30 in Akron, Ohio; educated at St. Vincent-St. Mary H.S. in Akron, Ohio. Am. Quora founder Adam D'Angelo on ? in ?; educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, and Cal Tech.; collaborator of Charlie Cheever (1981-). Am. "First Love" singer-songwriter Emmy the Great (Emma-Lee Moss) on ? in Hong Kong, China. Am. sports better "King" "Jeopardy" James Holzhauer on ? in Naperville, Ill.; educated at the U. of Ill. Deaths: British fundamentalist minister Herbert Lockyer (b. 1886) on Dec. 3 in Colo. Springs, Colo. Am. psychologist Jacob Robert Kantor (b. 1888) in Chicago, Ill. Am. "The Man Who Came to Dinner" film dir. William Keighley (b. 1889) on June 24 in New York City. Am. physicist Edwin C. Kemble (b. 1889) on Mar. 12. Am. "Reader's Digest" co-founder Lila Bell Wallace (b. 1889) on May 8 in Mount Kisco, N.Y. (heart failure). Am. anti-Communist activist Benjamin Harrison Freedman (b. 1890) in May. Am. birth control pioneer gynecologist John Rock (b. 1890) on Dec. 4; did he get his rocks off? Am. actor Sam Jaffe (b. 1891) on Mar. 24 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Italian-born Am. bowler Andy Varipapa (b. 1891) on Aug. 24. Am. publisher Alfred A. Knopf (b. 1892) on Aug. 11 in Purchase, N.Y. (heart failure). Am. actor Raymond McKee (b. 1892) on Oct. 3 in Long Beach, Calif. German Lutheran anti-Nazi activist Martin Niemoller (b. 1892) on Mar. 6 in Wiesbaden. Am. "Nick Charles in The Thin Man" actor William Powell (b. 1892) on Mar. 5 in Palm Springs, Calif. (heart attack). Am. actor-dir.-producer Joe Rock (b. 1893) on Dec. 5 in Sherman Oaks, Calif. Finnish gen. Kurt Martti Walleniius (b. 1893) on May 3 in Helsinki. Am. drama critic Brooks Atkinson (b. 1894) on Jan. 14 in Huntsville, Ala. (pneumonia). English-born Am. church historian Roland Herbert Bainton (b. 1894): "By dying for a cause, a man proves only that he is sincere, not that he is right. The truth of his claim must be established by a rigorous examination of its validity. The scholars have, therefore, benefited the Church more than the martyrs." U.S. ambassador Ellsworth Bunker (b. 1894) on Sept. 30. French artist-theater designer Jean Hugo (b. 1894) on June 21 in Lunel. Russian physicist Pyotr Kapitsa (b. 1894) on Apr. 8 in Moscow; 1978 Nobel Physics Prize. English novelist J.B. Priestley (b. 1894) on Aug. 14 in Stratford-on-Avon; dies after refusing a knighthood. Am. singer-cabaret owner Ada "Bricktop" Smith (b. 1894) on Jan. 31/Feb. 1 in New York City. British writer Gayelord Hauser (b. 1895) on Dec. 26. Am. "Downhearted Blues" blues singer Alberta Hunter (b. 1895) on Oct. 17 in New York City. U.S. gen. Mark W. Clark (b. 1896) on Apr. 17 in Charleston, S.C. (pancreatic cancer); last of the top five U.S. WWII cmdrs. Czech-born Am. chemist Carl Cori (b. 1896) on Oct. 20; 1947 Nobel Med. Prize. Irish novelist Liam O'Flaherty (b. 1896) on Sept. 7 in Dublin. Canadian "Forbidden Planet" actor Walter Pidgeon (b. 1897) on Sept. 25 in Santa Monica, Calif. (stroke). French tenor Georges Thill (b. 1897) on Oct. 17 in Draguignan. Spanish Poet Vicente Aleixandre (b. 1898) on Dec. 13 in Madrid; 1977 Nobel Lit. Prize. Am. Niscience founder Ann Ree Colton (b. 1898) on June 28 in Glendale, Calif. Kisi boxer Tom Heeney (b. 1898) on June 15 in Miami, Fla. German Adm. Walter Hennecke (b. 1898) on Jan. 1 in Bad Lippspringe. English economist Lionel Robbins, Baron Robbins (b. 1898) on May 15 in London. Hungarian photographer Brassai (b. 1899) on July 8 in Breaulieu-sur-Mer, France (heart attack). English actress Binnie Hale (b. 1899) on Jan. 10 in Hastings. Am. "Commissioner Gordon in Batman" actor Neil Hamilton (b. 1899) on Sept. 24 in Escondido, calif. Am. minister Rev. Martin Luther King Sr. (b. 1899) on Nov. 15 in Atlanta, Ga. English philosopher Henry Habberley Price (b. 1899) on Nov. 26 in Oxford. French Algiers Putsch gen. Raoul Salan (b. 1899) on July 3 in Paris. Am. composer Randall Thompson (b. 1899) on July 9 in Boston, Mass. Am. portraitist Alice Neel (b. 1900) on Oct. 13 in New York City (cancer). Scottish theologian Stephen Charles Neill (b. 1900). Am. composer-producer Arthur Schwartz (b. 1900) on Sept. 3 in Kintnersville, Penn. Am. bandleader and blender man Fred Waring (b. 1900) on July 29 in State College, Penn. German Gen. Karl Wolff (b. 1900) on July 15 in Rosenheim, West Germany. Am. pollster George H. Gallup (b. 1901) on July 26 in Tschingel, Switzerland (heart attack): "I could prove God statistically. Take the human body alone - the chances that all the functions of an individual would just happen is a statistical monstrosity." Australian novelist Xavier Herbert (b. 1901) on Nov. 10 in Alice Springs. German mathematician Grete Hermann (b. 1901) on Apr. 15 in Bremen. Egyptian pres. #1 (1953-4) Muhammad Naguib (b. 1901) on Aug. 29 in Cairo. U.S. Rep. (D-Calif.) (1937-47) Jerry Voorhis (b. 1901) on Sept. 11 in Claremont, Calif. Am. photographer Ansel Adams (b. 1902) on Apr. 22 in Monterey, Calif. (cardiovascular disease). Ukrainian-born Am. tailor Nudie Cohn (b. 1902) on May 9. English physicist Paul Dirac (b. 1902) on Oct. 20 in Tallahassee, Fla.; 1933 Nobel Physics Prize: "Age is, of course, a fever chill/ That every physicist must fear./ He's better dead than living still/ When once he's past his thirtieth year." French physcist Alfred Kastler (b. 1902) on Jan. 7 in Brandol; 1966 Nobel Physics Prize. Irish-born British songwriter Jimmy Kennedy (b. 1902) on Apr. 6 in Cheltenham; had more U.S. hits than any British songwriter until the Beatles. Am. McDonald's Restaurants founder Ray Kroc (b. 1902) on Jan. 14 in San Diego, Calif. (heart failure after a Dec. 1979 stroke); leaves an $8B/year fast-food chain with 7.5K outlets in 32 countries, 75% operated by franchisees; leaves his $500M fortune to wife Joan Beverly Kroc (1928-2003): "We're not in the hamburger business, we're in show business"; "It's easy to have principles when you're rich. The important thing is to have principles when you're poor." Am. silent film actress Mary Miles Minter (b. 1902) on Aug. 4 in Santa Monica, Calif. (stroke). English "Fire Over England" actress Dame Flora Robson (b. 1902) on July 7 in Brighton, Sussex (cancer?). Am. paleontologist George Gaylor Simpson (b. 1902) on Oct. 6 in Tucson, Ariz. (pneumonia): "Man is the result of a purposeless and natural process that did not have him in mind." Am. "The Friendly Persuasion" novelist Jessamyn West (b. 1902) on Feb. 23 in Napa Valley, Calif. (stroke). Am. "The Music Man" composer Meredith Willson (b. 1902) on June 15 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. actor Luther Adler (b. 1903) on Dec. 8 in Kutztown, Penn. Am. jazz pianist Claude Hopkins (b. 1903) on Feb. 19 in New York City. Indian yogi Gopi Krishna (b. 1903). Am. psychologist Theodore Newcomb (b. 1903) on Dec. 28 in Ann Arbor, Mich. Am. "One O'Clock Jump" jazz bandleader William "Count" Basie (b. 1904) on Apr. 26 in Hollywood, Fla. (Apr. 25); jazz singer Joe Williams sings Duke Ellington's "Come Sunday" at his funeral. Israeli physicist Moshe Feldenkrais (b. 1904) on July 1 in Tel Aviv. Canadian philosopher Bernard Lonergan (b. 1904) on Nov. 26 in Pickering, Ont. Am. tenor Jan Peerce (b. 1904) on Dec. 15 in New York City. Romanian-born Am. "Tarzan" actor-swimmer Johnny Weissmuller (b. 1904) on Jan. 20 in Acapulco, Mexico; 52 nat. titles, 5 Olympic golds, 67 world records. Am. "The Circus of Dr. Lao" novelist Charles G. Finney (b. 1905) on Apr. 16. Am. "The Little Foxes" playwright Lillian Hellman (b. 1905) on June 30 in Martha's Vineyard, Mass. (heart attack). English physicist Sir John Turton Randall (b. 1905) on June 16. Russian "Quiet Flows the Don" novelist Mikhail Sholokhov (b. 1905) on Feb. 21 in Veshenskaya, Rostov-on-Don; 1965 Nobel Lit. Prize. English poet laureate (1972-84) Sir John Betjeman (b. 1906) on May 19 in Trebetherick, Cornwall. English critic-poet Sir William Empson (b. 1906) on Apr. 15. Am. "A Star is Born" actress Janet Gaynor (b. 1906) on Sept. 14 in Palm Springs, Calif. (pneumonia after a 1982 San Francisco traffic accident); winner of first Best Actress Oscar. Am. psycho murderer Ed Gein (b. 1906) on July 26 in Madison, Wisc. Am. writer-poet-novelist Jesse Stuart (b. 1906) on Feb. 17 in Ironton, Ohio. Am. country actor-singer Shug Fisher (b. 1907) on Mar. 16 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Am. baseball player Debs Garms (b. 1907) on Dec. 16. Am. auto racer Bill Holland (b. 1907) on May 19 (Alzheimer's). English composer-conductor Imogen Claire Holst (b. 1907) on Mar. 9. Am. "Jack Woltz in The Godfather" actor John Marley (b. 1907) on May 22 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart surgery). Am. "Hurricane Smith", "Annie Get Your Gun" actor Ray Middleton (b. 1907) on Apr. 10 in Panorama City, Calif. Kiwi writer-educator Sylvia Ashton-Warner (b. 1908) on Apr. 28 in Tauranga: "Love has the quality of informing almost everything - even one's work." English architect Sir Frederick Gibberd (b. 1908). English historian Geoffrey Barraclough (b. 1908) on Dec. 26. Am. "Birdman of Alcatraz" writer Thomas E. Gaddis (b. 1908) on Oct. 10 in Portland, Ore. Am. painter Lee Krasner (b. 1908) on June 19 in New York City. Am. singer-actress Ethel Merman (b. 1908) on Feb. 15 in Manhattan, N.Y. (brain tumor); her ashes are brought to Broadway. Am. poet George Oppen (b. 1908) on July 7 in Sunnyvale, Calif. (Alzheimer's). Am. surgeon John Hartwell Harrison (b. 1909) on Jan. 20 in Boston, Mass. Am. "Cotton Comes to Harlem" novelist Chester Bomar Himes (b. 1909) on Nov. 12 in Moraira, Spain. Am. dir. Joseph Losey (b. 1909) on June 22 in London; lived in Europe since being blacklisted by Hollywood in 1951. English actor James Mason (b. 1909) on July 27 in Lausanne, Switzerland (heart attack). Am. historian George Edwin Mowry (b. 1909) on May 12. Am. mathematician Stanislaw Ulam (b. 1909) on May 13 in Santa Fe, N.M. (heart attack). Am. wrestler George Zaharias (b. 1909) on May 22 in Tampa, Fla. Am. composer Gordon Jenkins (b. 1910) on May 1 in Malibu, Calif. (Lou Gehrig's disease). Am. baseball hall-of-fame mgr. Walter Alston (b. 1911) on Oct. 1 in Oxford, Ohio. Am. jazz musician Trummy Young (b. 1912) on Sept. 10 in San Jose, Calif. (cerebral hemorrhage); dies after converting to Jehovah's Witness in 1964. Am. playwright-novelist Irwin Shaw (b. 1913) on May 16 in Davos, Switzerland (prostate cancer and heart attack). Soviet leader (1982-4) Yuri Andropov (b. 1914) on Feb. 9 in Moscow (acute kidney failure). French "Centuries of Childhood" historian Philippe Aries (b. 1914) on Feb. 8 in Paris. Am. "Adm. Nelson in Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea" actor Richard Basehart (b. 1914) on Sept. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. (stroke). Argentine "Blow-Up" novelist Julio Cortazar (b. 1914) on Feb. 12 in Paris (leukemia). Am. "Uncle Fester in The Addams Family" actor Jackie Coogan (b. 1914) on Mar. 1 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. composer Gail Kubik (b. 1914) on July 20 in Covina, Calif. Am. country singer Ernest Tubb (b. 1914) on Sept. 6 in Nashville, Tenn. (emphysema). Am. UFO sighter Kenneth A. Arnold (b. 1915) on Jan. 16 in Bellevue, Wash. Am. paleobotanist Elso Sterrenberg Barghoorn (b. 1915) on Jan. 22. Am. Baptist minister C.L. Franklin (b. 1915) on July 27 in Detroit, Mich. Am. sailing champ Philip Weld (b. 1915). German rocket scientist Krafft Arnold Ehricke (b. 1917) on Dec. 11. Indian PM (1960-77, 1980-4) Indira Gandhi (b. 1917) on Oct. 31 in New Delhi (assassinated by bodyguards Satwant Singh and Beant Singh on the way to a meeting with actor Peter Ustinov). Am. physician John Putnam Merrill (b. 1917) on Apr. 14 in Hope Town, Bahamas. Israeli archeologist Yigael Yadin (b. 1917) on June 28. Am. "The Joker's Wild" TV game show host Jack Barry (b. 1918) on May 2 in New York City (heart attack). Scottish-born Canadian novelist Sheila Burnford (b. 1918) on Apr. 20 in Bucklers Hard, Hampshire, England (cancer). Am. auto racer Johnnie Parsons (b. 1918) on Sept. 8 in Los Angeles, Calif.; first Indy 500 winner to have his name misspelled on the Borg-Warner Trophy ("Johnny") (next in?). Am. cellist Leonard Rose (b. 1918) on Nov. 16 in White Plains, N.Y. English astronomer Sir Martin Ryle (b. 1918) on Oct. 14 in Cambridge (cancer); 1974 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. Dem. politician Howard Samuels (b. 1919) on Oct. 26 in New York City (heart attack). Canadian hockey hall-of-fame player Max Bentley (b. 1920) on Jan. 19 in Saskatoon, Sask. Welsh prop comedian Tommy Cooper (b. 1921) on Apr. 15 in Westminster, London (heart attack on live TV). Am. "Pee Wee in The East Side Kids" actor David Gorcey (b. 1921) on Oct. 23 in Van Nuys, Calif. (diabetes). Guinean pres. (1958-84) Sekou Toure (b. 1922) on Mar. 26 in Cleveland, Ohio (heart surgery). Austrian "Fahrenheit 451" actor Oskar Werner (b. 1922) on Oct. 23 in Marburg an der Lahn, Germany (heart attack). English-Am. Rat pack actor Peter Lawford (b. 1923) on Dec. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure). U.S. Dem. Sen. (1957-81) Frank Church (b. 1924) on Apr. 7 in Bethesda, Md. (pancreatic cancer). Am. "Breakfast at Tiffany's", "In Cold Blood" novelist Truman Capote (b. 1924) on Aug. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cirrhosis from alcoholism); leaves the novel Summer Crossing (pub. in 2005). Welsh "Mark Antony in Cleopatra", "Desert Rats" actor Richard Burton (b. 1925) on Aug. 5 in Celigny, Switzerland (stroke); buried in a red suit; seven Oscar nominations, zero wins. Am. "The Wild Bunch" dir. Sam Peckinpah (b. 1925) on Dec. 28 in Inglewood, Calif. (heart attack). Scottish novelist Alexander Trocchi (b. 1925) on Apr. 15 in London (pneumonia); leaves the unfinished novel The Long Book. Am. basketball player Chuck Cooper (b. 1926) on Feb. 5 in Pittsburgh, Penn. (liver cancer). French philosopher Michel Foucault (b. 1926) on June 25 in Paris (AIDS); first public figure in France to die from AIDS; in 1984 his gay bud Daniel Defert founds the AIDES charity in his memory; "I'd never met anyone who was so totally amoral... I mean, I liked him personally, it's just that I couldn't make sense of him. It's as if he was from a different species, or something" (Noam Chomsky). English "Morecambe & Wise" Eric Morecambe (b. 1926) on May 28 in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire (3rd heart attack in a row). English "Reginald Perrin" actor Leonard Rossiter (b. 1926) on Oct. 5 in Shaftesbury, London; dies of a heart attack onstage at the Lyric Theatre while performing in Joe Orton's "Loot". Am. "Hound Dog" R&B singer Big Mama Thornton (b. 1926) on July 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. (alcoholism). Hungarian-born Am. molecular biologist George Streisinger (b. 1927) on Aug. 11. Am. "The Hustler" novelist Walter Tevis (b. 1928) on Aug. 8 in New York City (lung cancer). Am. street photographer Garry Winogrand (b. 1928) on Mar. 19 in Tijuana, Mexico (gall bladder cancer). Soviet chess champ #10 (1963-9) Tigran Petrosian (b. 1929) on Aug. 13 in Moscow (cancer). Am. "The Seth Material" psychic Jane Roberts (b. 1929) on Sept. 5. Am. writer Leonard S. Baker (b. 1931) on Nov. 23 in Washington, D.C. Am. writer-jogger Jim Fixx (b. 1932) on July 20 in Hardwick, Vt. (heart attack after jogging - an autopsy shows previous heart attacks). French "The 400 Blows" actor-dir. Francois Truffaut (b. 1932) on Oct. 21 in Neuilly-sur-Seine (brain tumor). Am. psychologist Stanley Milgram (b. 1933) on Dec. 20 in Manhattan, N.Y. (heart attack). Am. radio talk show host Alan Berg (b. 1934) on June 18 in Denver, Colo. (murdered). German writer Uwe Johnson (b. 1934) on Feb. 22 in Sheerness, England. Am. "Lonely Teardrops" R&B singer ("Mr. Excitement") Jackie Wilson (b. 1934) on Jan. 21 in Detroit, Mich.; in a vegetative state since a heart attack caused him to fall head-first from the stage at the Dick Clark Show in Cherry Hill, N.J. on Sept. 29, 1975. Am. "Trout Fishing in America" novelist-poet Richard Brautigan (b. 1935) on Sept. 14 in Bolinas, Calif. (suicide); suicide note: "Messy, isn't it": leaves the unpub. novel "The God of the Martians"; "All of us have a place in history. Mine is clouds." Am. "Miss Landers in Leave It to Beaver" actress Sue Randall (b. 1935) on Oct. 26 in Philadelphia (lung cancer). Am. auto racer LeeRoy Yarbrough (b. 1938) on Dec. 7 (head injuries from a fall). Am. baseball player Tommie Aaron (b. 1939) on Aug. 16 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" Motown singer Marvin Gaye Jr. (b. 1939) on Apr. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif.; murdered by his pop Marvin Gay Sr., who receives five years of probation for voluntary manslaughter. Am. guitarist Lenny Breau (b. 1941) on Aug. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif. (strangled). Australian serial murderer Christopher Bernard Wilder (b. 1945) on Apr. 13 in Colebrook, N.H. (resisting arrest). Polish Roman Catholic priest-martyr Jerzy Popieluszko (b. 1947) on Oct. 19 in Wloclawek (murdered by the govt.); beatified on June 6, 2010. Finnish-born Canadian hockey player Juha Widing (b. 1947) on Dec. 30 in Vancouver, B.C. Trinidadian Olympic athlete Chris Brathwaite (b. 1948) on Nov. 12 in Eugene, Ore. (sniper fire) - I got me a nigger? Am. "Man on the Moon" comedian Andy Kaufman (b. 1949) on May 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). Am. singer-songwriter Jimmie Spheeris (b. 1949) on July 4 in Santa Monica, Calif. (killed by drunk driver). Am. white supremacist Robert Jay Mathews (b. 1953) on Dec. 8 near Cooneville, er, Coupeville, Whidbey Island, Wash.; killed in shootout with the ef-bee-eye; leaves a last letter, containing the soundbyte: "By the time my son had arrived, I realized that White America, indeed my entire race, was headed for oblivion unless White men rose and turned the tide. The more I came to love my son the more I realized that unless things changed radically, by the time he was my age, he would be a stranger in his own land, a blonde-haired, blue-eyed Aryan in a country populated mainly by Mexicans, mulattoes, blacks and Asians. His future was growing darker by the day." Am. football RB Ricky Lynn Bell (b. 1955) on Nov. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure). Am. actor Jon-Erik Hexum (b. 1957) on Oct. 18 in Hollywood, Calif. (accidental suicide with a gun loaded with blanks); last words: "Let me see if I get myself with this one."



1985 - The Tap the Flow of New Coke Madonna Like a Virgin Back to the Future Breakfast Club Gorby Year? A good year to be a terrorist or Greenpeace activist or to go without your shirt, but a bad year to be a Cold War spy or to be named Terry?

The Rainbow Warrior (-1985) TWA Flight 847 pilot John Testrake, June 19, 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union (1931-) Andrei Gromyko of the Soviet Union (1909-89) Eduard Shevardnadze of the Soviet Union (1927-) Edwin Meese III of the U.S. (1931-) John Marian Poindexter of the U.S. (1936-) William John Bennett of the U.S. (1943-) Phil Gramm of the U.S. (1942-) Warren Rudman of the U.S. (1930-2012) Fritz Hollings of the U.S. (1922-) U.S. Lt. Gen. Vernon A. Walters (1917-2002) Thomas Sutherland (1931-) and Terry Waite (1939-) Terry A. Anderson (1947-) Tancredo Neves of Brazil (1910-85) Jose Sarney of Brazil (1930-) Daniel Ortega Saavedra of Nicaragua (1945-) Alan Garcia Perez of Peru (1949-) Victor Paz Estenssoro of Bolivia (1907-2001) Jose Simon Azcona del Hoyo of Honduras (1927-2005) Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo of Guatemala (1942-) Ramiz Alia of Albania (1925-) Christos Sartzetakis of Greece (1929-) Hugh Desmond Hoyte of Guyana (1929-2002) Francesco Cossiga of Italy (1928-2010) Charles Hernu of France (1923-90) French Adm. Pierre Lacoste (1924-) Muhammad Khan Junejo of Pakistan (1932-93) Pierre-Marc Johnson of Quebec (1946-) Robert Bourassa of Quebec (1933-96) Li Xiannian of China (1909-92) Winnie Mandela of South Africa (1936-2018) Gen. Ibrahim Babangida of Nigeria (1941-) Ali Hassan Mwinyi of Tanzania (1925-) Gen. Joseph Saidu Momoh of Sierra Leone (1937-2003) Jaafar an-Nimeiri of Sudan (1930-2009) Gen. Tito Okello of Uganda (1914-96) Idris Abdul Wakil of Zanzibar (1925-) U.S. Adm. William James Crowe Jr. (1925-2007) Donnie L. Cochran of the U.S. (1954-) Jake Garn of the U.S. (1932-) Raymond Edward Kendall of Britain (1933-) Richard Ramirez (1960-) Wilma Mankiller (1946-) Aldrich Hazen Ames of the U.S. (1941-) Robert Dean Stethem of the U.S. (1961-85) Vitaly Yurchenko (1936-) Ronald William Pelton (1942-) Edward Lee Howard (1951-) Ahmed Zaki Yamani of Saudi Arabia (1930-) Mohammed Ali Hamadi (1964-) Imad Fayez Mughniyah (1962-2008) Father Lawrence Martin Jenco (1935-96) Philippine Gen. Fabian E. Ver (1920-98) Larry Wu-tai Chin (1922-86) Hans Joachim Tiedge (1937-) Jonathan Jay Pollard (1954-) Paul Castellano (1915-85) John Gotti (1940-2002) James Vance (1965-88) Jeremy Levin Enrique 'Kiki' Camarena (1947-85) Arne Naess Jr. (1938-2004) Libby Riddles (1956-) U.S. Adm. William J. Crowe Jr. Sir Harold Walter Kroto (1939-) Robert F. Curl Jr. (1933-) Richard E. Smalley (1943-) James J. Zogby (1945-) Sumio Iijima (1939-) Enrique Camarena (1947-85) Nestor Cerpa (1953-97) Mahmoud Mohamed Taha (1909-85) Saudi Prince Sultan bin Salman (1956-) Jay Anthony Lukas (1933-97) Jeffrey Sachs (1954-) Brian Toon (1947-) Richard P. Turco Robert Funk (1926-2005) Live Aid, July 13, 1985 Tipper Gore (1948-) Mohamed Al-Fayed (1933-) Omar Bakri Muhammad (1958-) Christa McAuliffe of the U.S. (1948-86) Rock Hudson (1925-85) Jim Nabors (1930-) Ricky Nelson (1940-85) Grover Glenn Norquist (1956-) French Maj. Alain Malfart (1951-) and Capt. Dominique Prieur (1949-) Rev. James A. Wright Jr. (1941-) James Hal Cone (1938-) Farm Aid, Sept. 22, 1985 Hafiz Muhammad Saeed (1950-) Ellen R. Malcolm (1947-) Mel Fisher (1922-98) Bill Elliott (1955-) Danny Sullivan (1950-) Charles Ng (1960-) Leonard Lake (1945-85) Michael J. Manfredini Karpov v. Kasparov, 1985 Garry Kasparov (1963-) Steve Cram (1960-) Kevin McHale (1957-) Larry Bird (1956-) Patrick Ewing (1962-) Wayman Tisdale (1964-2009) Joe Dumars (1963-) Chris Mullin (1963-) Detlef Schremp (1963-) Charles Oakley (1963-) Karl Malone (1963-) Arvydas Sabonis (1964-) Lynette Woodard (1959-) Ozzie Smith (1954-) Bret Saberhagen (1964-) Pete Rose (1941-) Carlton Fiske (1947-) Nolan Ryan Jr. (1947-) Bill Beach (1929-2010) Tony 'TNT' Tubbs (1958-) Michael Spinks (1956-) Joe Theismann (1949-) Boris Becker (1967-) Ivan Lendl (1960-) Hana Mandlikova (1962-) Geno Auriemma (1954-) Wilt Chamberlain (1936-99) Hulk Hogan (1953-) The Iron Sheik (1940-) Mister T (1952-) Andre the Giant (1946-93) King Kong Bundy (1957-) Vince McMahon (1945-) Verne Gagne (1926-) Leonardo Boff (1938-) Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter (1937-) Claude Simon (1913-2005) Klaus von Klitzing (1943-) Herbert Aaron Hauptman (1917-2011) Jerome Karle (Karfunkel) (1918-) Michael S. Brown (1941-) and Joseph L. Goldstein (1940-) Paul David Klemperer (1956-) Robert W. Funk (1926-2005) John Dominic Crossan (1934-) Robert McNair Price (1954-) Karen Armstrong (1944-) Jeremy I. Bulow (1953-) Shawn Carlson (1960-) John Geanakoplos (1955-) Franco Modigliani (1918-2003) Steven Chu (1948-) Adi Da (1939-2008) Michael Drummond (1960-90) Ron Perelman (1943-) Dian Fossey (1932-85) Steve Case (1958-) America Online Logo, 1991-2005 Jorge Ramos (1958-) Erich Mühe (1938-) Michael Edward Phelps (1939-) John McAfee (1945-) Michael Cowpland (1943-) Seymour Cray (1925-96) Bertrand Meyer (1950-) Ted Waitt (1963-) Danny Williams (1985-) Lencola Sullivan (1957-) Kenneth Hare (1919-2002) Bert Bolin (1925-2007) Gordon McBean Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93) David Brin (1950-) Orson Scott Card (1951-) Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (1953-2012) Michael John Denton (1943-) Bret Easton Ellis (1964-) Elizabeth Frank (1945-) Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012) William Gaddis (1922-98) Donna Haraway (1944-) Jack Herer (1939-2010) Jean-Paul Gaultier (1952-) Carolyn Kizer (1925-) Patricia MacLachlan (1938-) Cormac McCarthy (1933-) Walter Allen McDougall (1946-) Larry McMurtry (1936-) Nicholas Negroponte (1943-) 'Peter Nortons Programmer's Guide to the IBM PC', by Peter Norton (1943-), 1985 S. Rao Aiyagari (1951-97) Kamal Salibi (1929-2011) Dan Simmons (1948-) Robert Jeffrey Sternberg (1949-) Patrick Suskind (1949-) Norman Spinrad (1940-) Daniel N. Stern (1934-2012) Anne Tyler (1941-) August Wilson (1945-2005) Larry King (1933-) Paul Benjamin Auster (1947-) Jeff Greenfield (1943-) George Michael (1963-2016) George Michael (1963-2016) and Andrew Ridgeley (1963-) Jeanine Deckers (1933-85) and Annie Pecher (-1985) Robert Palmer (1949-2003) Leontyne Price (1927-) Madonna (1958-) Sean Penn (1960-) Halle Berry (1968-) 'We Are the World' by USA for Africa, 1985 a-ha Stephen Albert (1941-92) Kate Bush (1958-) Fine Young Cannibals 'No Jacket Required' by Phil Collins (1951-), 1985 Dire Straits The Dream Academy Exodus Faith No More Falco (1957-98) LL Cool J (1968-) Alison Krauss (1971-) Megadeth Mike + the Mechanics The Dead Milkmen The Dead Milkmen Logo 'Big Lizard in My Backyard' by The Dead Milkmen, 1985 Mr. Mister Pet Shop Boys Tom Petty (1950-2017) Possessed Sissel (1969-) 'Til Tuesday Suzanne Vega (1959-) Katrina and the Waves Keith Whitley (1954-89) Yello White Zombie Rock am Ring Koko the Gorilla and her Kitten, 1985 Teddy Ruxpin, 1985 'EastEnders', 1985- 'The Equalizer', starring Edward Woodward (1930-2009), 1985-9 The Golden Girls, 1985-92 Empty Nest', 1988-95 'Growing Pains', 1985-92 'MacGyver', starring Richard Dean Anderson (1950-), 1985-92 'Moonlighting', 1985-9 'Mr. Belvedere', 1985-90 'Big River', 1985 'Les Misérables', 1985 'Back to the Future', 1985 'Brazil', 1985 'The Breakfast Club', 1985 'The Color Purple', 1985 'Desperately Seeking Susan', 1985 'Explorers', 1985 'Fright Night', 1985 'The Galaxy Invader', 1985 'Ghoulies', 1985 'Hail Mary', 1985 'Legend', 1985 'Lifeforce', 1985 'Mask', starring Cher (1946-), 1985 'My Beautiful Laundrette', 1985 'The Pale Rider', 1985 'Prizzis Honor', 1985 'Ran', 1985 Juliette Binoche (1964-) 'Rendez-vous', 1985 'A Room with a View', 1985 'Rustlers Rhapsody', 1985 'Silverado', 1985 'The Stuff', 1985 'A View to a Kill', 1985 'Weird Science', 1985 'Witness' starring Harrison Ford (1942-), 1985 'Witness' starring Kelly McGillis (1957-), 1985 'Witness', starring Alexander Godunov (1949-95), 1985 Rock Hudson (1925-85), 1985 Mel Gibson, Sexiest Man Alive, 1985 'Reflection' by Lucian Freud (1922-), 1985 Martin Puryear (1941-) 'Old Mole' by Martin Puryear (1941-), 1985 'Study for This Sovereign Life' by Jim Dine (1935-), 1985 'Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?', 1985 'Calvin and Hobbes', 1985- Travolta Dress Ford Taurus, 1985- King Fahd's Fountain, 1985 Mar-a-Lago, 1924-7 Dock Street Brewery Logo

1985 Doomsday Clock: 3 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Ox (Feb. 20). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Deng Xiaoping (1904-97) (first time 1978). The U.S. media call 1985 the Year of the Spy after many foreign spies operating on U.S. soil are arrested, although more were arrested in 1984. By the start of the year 11,055 cases of AIDS have been diagnosed in the U.S.; 5,620 are dead. In 1985-88 the U.S. nat. deficit triples; in 1980-5 the U.S. defense budget rose by 51%; for the 1st time since 1914 the U.S. owes more money to foreigners than it is owed. The price of tin on the internat. market falls by two-thirds almost overnight, and takes until the end of 1987 to recover. The pop. of Sunny Fla. zooms from 2.8M in 1950 to 11.3M this year; too bad, overcrowded highways plus geriatic drivers makes Fla. the road rage capital of the U.S. - sun sells? A record 43K U.S. farms go bankrupt due to high interest rates, causing land prices to fall along with sales of farm equipment; on Dec. 23 Pres. Reagan signs a farm bill providing $52B in subsidy payments over three years; too bad, it favors large farms, allowing the small ones to disappear. On Jan. 1 New York State begins issuing fines under the first mandatory safety belt law in the U.S.; by 2005 every state except N.H. has one. On Jan. 1 USC defeats Ohio state by 20-17 to win the 1985 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 the U. of Washington rallies for two TDs in the final 6 min. to upset No. 2 Oklahoma U. in the 1985 Orange Bowl. On Jan. 1 Eastern Air Lines flight 980 en route from Asuncion, Paraguay to Miami, Fla. slams into Mount Illimani in Bolivia at a height of 19.6K feet, killing all 19 passengers and 10 crew; the wreckage isn't discovered until 2006, and the cockpit voice recorder on June 4, 2016, smashed to pieces. On Jan. 3 Miss.-born African-Am. soprano Leontyne Price (1927-) bids adieu to the Metropolitan Opera in New York, which she had been part of since 1961. On Jan. 3 Pres. Reagan condemns a rash of arsons on abortion clinics. On Jan. 7 Vietnamese forces seize the Khmer Nat. Liberation Front HQ near the Thai border. On Jan. 8 the U.S. and Soviet Union reach a compromise agreement on resuming negotiations on nuclear arms reductions and preventing an arms race in space. On Jan. 9 a fire in a nursing home in Grandvilliers, France kills 24 of 180 patients. On Jan. 10 Sandanista Nat. Liberation Front (FSLN) leader Jose Daniel Ortega Saavedra (1945-) becomes pres. #79 of Nicaragua (until Apr. 25, 1990), launching a radical Socialist program of land reform and wealth distribution while promising an anti-imperialist non-aligned foreign policy, causing the U.S. to turn against it and back the various armed Contras rebel groups, incl. the Nicaraguan Dem. Force (FDN), which Pres. Reagan on Mar. 1 calls "the moral equal of our Founding Fathers"; Ortega compares Reagan to Hitler, making him more obsessed with helping the Contras, causing Congress on July 18 to vote to prevent him from supplying them anything except "non-lethal aid"; to get around Congress, this year and next the Reagan admin. and Iran hold secret meetings in which the U.S. sells weapons to Iran and gives the proceeds to Contras, becoming known as the Iran-Contra Affair. On Jan. 11 a bus skids off an icy bridge into a frozen river in Yongdong, South Korea, killing 38. On Jan. 13 an Ethiopian train en route to Addis Ababa plunges into a ravine, killing 392 and injuring 370, becoming the worst African train accident until ?. On Jan. 15 after 21 years of military rule, former PM )1961-2) Tancredo de Almeida Neves (1910-85) becomes the first civilian pres. in Brazil since 1964; too bad, he undergoes a series of intestinal surgeries and dies on Apr. 21 before being sworn in, causing vice-pres. (former gov. of Maranhao State) Jose Sarney de Araujo (Araújo) Costa (1930-) to be sworn-in as pres. #35 of Brazil on Mar. 15 (until Mar. 15, 1990), becoming widely distrusted because of his affiliation with the military regime; on Aug. 7, 2005 he admits that the military dictatorship had tried from 1964-85 to develop an A-bomb, and claims the program was scrapped when he and his elected civilian govt. assumed power. On Jan. 15 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in New Jersey v. T.L.O. that the 4th Amendment allows public school officials to conduct searches of students, with the less strict standard of reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause. On Jan. 17 a jury in N.J. rules that terminally ill patients have the right to starve themselves. On Jan. 18 Pres. Reagan declares that the U.S. will not take part in the World Court ruling on Nicaraguan charges. On Jan. 18 moderate Sudanese Islamic reformer Mahmoud Mohammed (Mohammad) Taha (b. 1909) is executed in Khartoum by the regime of Gaafar Nimeiry for apostasy, ending hopes of a moderate version of Islam. On Jan. 20 U.S. pres. #40 (since Jan. 20, 1981) Ronald Reagan is inaugurated for a 2nd term in the 59th U.S. Pres. Inauguration in the Grand Foyer of the White House in Washington, D.C.; George Herbert Walker Bush continues as the 43rd U.S. vice-pres. (until Jan. 20, 1989); on Jan. 21 after 7F temps. and -25F wind chills cause it to be moved indoors, he delivers his 2nd inaugural address in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.; it contains the soundbytes: "It is the American sound. It is hopeful, big-hearted, idealistic, daring, decent and fair. That's our heritage; that's our song"; the coldest inauguration (until ?) - cut? On Jan. 20 Super Bowl XXIX (19) is held at the Rose Bowl in Stanford, Calif.; the San Francisco 49ers (NFC) led by QB Joe Montana defeat the Miami Dolphins (AFC) led by QB Dan Marino (youngest SB starting QB) 38-16, holding the Dolphins scoreless in the 2nd half; Montana is MVP for the 2nd straight time, passing for 331 yards and 3 TDs and running for another TD; in the ensuing regular season both teams become the first SB teams to lose their openers. On Jan. 21 the Buddhist Borobodur Temple in Java is bombed by Islamic jihadist Mochammad Achwan of the Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (JAT) radical Islamist group, who goes on to attempt another bombing of Kuta tourist beach in Bali next year before being captured; he is pardoned in 1999, but refuses to give up jihad, saying it's his Muslim obligation to erect full Sharia law in Indonesia. On Jan. 23 debate in Britain's House of Lords is carried live on TV for the first time. On Jan. 24 a U.S. jury clears Time mag. of deliberate falsehood in a libel suit brought by Israeli leader Ariel Sharon about his role in the Sabra and Shatila Massacres of 1982. On Jan. 24 the first secret all-military satellite mission of Space Shuttle Discovery is launched from Cape Canaveral; it ends on Jan. 27 with a smooth landing in Fla. On Jan. 27 Pope John Paul II says Mass to 1M in Venezuela. On Jan. 27 Jose Simon Azcona del Hoyo (1927-2005) of the Liberal Party becomes pres. of Honduras (until Jan. 27, 1990), becoming known for honesty and integrity. On Jan. 28 a bus carrying skiers plunges into a reservoir in Nagano, Japan, kililng 25. On Jan. 31 the Nasdaq-100 begins operation; the original NASDAQ began operation in 1971. In Jan. the 234-mi. Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway in Miss. and Ala. opens, linking 16K mi. of inland waterways; the Tombigbee and Tennessee Rivers were joined by engineers at Amory, Miss. last Dec. 11. In Jan. National Geographic mag. pub. the story of Koko the gorilla and her kitten. In Jan. Father Lawrence Martin Jenco (1935-96) is kidnapped by the Islamic Jihad in Beirut; he is freed in July 1986 (18 mo.) after negotiations involving the Reagan admin., Shiite radicals, and Anglican envoy Terry Waite. In Jan. Am. singer Madonna (b. 1958) meets Am. actor Sean Penn (b. 1960), and they marry on Aug. 16 (her 27th birthday), with "Who's That Girl" (1985) dir. James Foley as best man; they divorce in Jan. 1989. In Jan. the U.S. FDA gives approval for modified rapeseed (Brassica campestris) products to be used as food; modified rapeseed oil is AKA Canola (Canadian oil, low acid) oil, developed in 1974 by Richard Keith Downey (1927-) and Baldur Rosmund Stefansson (1917-2002)); it has the lowest saturated fat content of any major vegetable oil (6%, vs. 13% for corn oil and 15% for soybean oil). On Feb. 4 New Zealand bars a U.S. warship after Washington, D.C. refuses to say whether it carries nuclear arms. On Feb. 4 Pres. Reagan calls on Congress to make major budget reductions. On Feb. 5 the U.S. halts a loan to Chile in protest over human rights abuses. On Feb. 5 the border of Gibraltar is reopened under an agreement between Spain and Britain. On Feb. 6 Pres. Reagan delivers his 1985 State of the Union Message, and introduces a Laffer Curve-based tax reform program that lowers tax rates and simplifies tax laws, claiming it will stimulate economic growth; critics (incl. vice-pres. George H. W. Bush) scoff at his theory of Supply Side Economics, calling it "voodoo economics". On Feb. 6 William John Bennett (1943-) (an ally of the evangelical right, who was appointed as head of the Nat. Endowment for the Humanities in 1981 because of his stand against gays, drugs, and rap music lyrics, but is later found to have an addiction to gambling at casinos, losing $8M by 2003) becomes U.S. education secy. #3 (until Sept. 20, 1988). On Feb. 7 undercover U.S. DEA agent Enrique "Kiki" Camarena Salazar (b. 1947) and his pilot are kidnapped in Mexico in broad daylight, then tortured and killed in a house in Guadalajara in the presence of a half-dozen top Mexican officials; the two decomposed tortured bodies are found on Mar. 6; Kiki's photo graces the Nov. 7, 1988 issue of Time, with the title "Death of a Narc"; on Mar. 11 U.S. secy. of state George P. Shultz meets with the Mexican foreign secy. while the DEA launches a massive investigation, and on Mar. 14 Mexican authorities arrest 13 incl. three top state police officials and four police officers; later drug lord Rafael Caro Quintero (1954-) is captured in Costa Rica and convicted of Kiki's murder and sentenced to 40 years in prison, which doesn't stop Mexico from remaining a major drug conduit to the ever-eager U.S. market. On Feb. 7 four Polish security officials are convicted in the abduction and murder of Solidarity activist Rev. Jerry Popieluszko. On Feb. 9 Seoul admits using force against opposition leader Kim Dae Jung. On Feb. 14 Hanoi troops surround the main Khmer Rouge base at Phnom Malai, and on Feb. 15 drive the rebels from the last of their bases despite secret support from the U.S. via China. On Feb. 14 the Worldwide Conservative Rabbinical Assembly approves women in the Jewish clergy. On Feb. 14 the U.N Internat. Convention Against Torture is opened for signatures. On Feb. 14 CNN reporter Jeremy Levin, being held hostage by extremists in Lebanon since Mar. 1984 is freed. On Feb. 15 the STS 51-E vehicle is moved to the launch pad; on Mar. 1 it is canceled due to an equipment failure. On Feb. 17 the price of a first class postage stamp in the U.S. rises to 22 cents. On Feb. 17 Murray P. Haydon becomes the 3rd person to receive an artificial heart; he dies in Louisville, Ky. on June 19, 1986 of kidney failure after 16 mo. On Feb. 19 Coca-Cola introduces canned and bottled Cherry Coke; till now people had to go to pharmacies with soda fountains to get the squirt of cherry. On Feb. 19 the British soap opera EastEnders debuts on BBC-TV (until ?), about the fictional London borough of Walford and its Albert Square; it stars Anna Eva Lydia Catherine Wing (1914-) as Beale and Fowler family matriarch Lou Beale, who is killed off in July 1988. On Feb. 20 British PM Margaret Thatcher addresses a joint session of the U.S. Congress, endorsing Pres. Reagan's policies. On Feb. 25 Reagan's Yale-educated chief of staff (1969-74) Edwin "Ed" Meese III (1931-) becomes U.S. atty.-gen. #75 (until July 5, 1988). On Feb. 25 the Mafia Commission Trial begins (ends Nov. 19, 1986), targeting New York's Five Families on RICO charges, with U.S. atty. Rudolph Giuliani issuing the soundbyte: "Our approach... is to wipe out the five families." On Feb. 28 (6:32 p.m.) Provisional IRA terrorists use mortars to kill nine officers and injure 37 at Newry Royal Ulster Constabulary Station in Ulster. On Mar. 1 after 30% unemployment, 66% inflation, and $5B in foreign debts, Uruguay ends military rule after 12 years; Julio Maria Sanguinetti Coirolo (1936-) becomes pres. of the Oriental Repub. of Uruguay (until Mar. 1, 1990). On Mar. 1 the Pentagon accepts the theory of Owen Brian Toon (1947-) of the U. of Colo. and Richard Peter "Rich" Turco (1943-) of UCLA that a modest atomic war (100 Hiroshima-size 15K-ton nukes) could cause a Nuclear (Atomic) Winter from the enormous smoke cloud, which will push into the stratosphere (10-30 mi. alt.), creating early freezes and cutting growing seasons by up to 2 mo.; Carl Sagan co-authored the first paper on it - after global warming is suspected, they get real quiet that somebody might get an idea? On Mar. 2 the govt. approves a screening test for AIDS that detects antibodies to the HIV virus, allowing possibly contaminated blood to be screened from the blood supply. On Mar. 3 British coal miners vote to end their year-long strike, the longest and most violent walkout in British history. On Mar. 3 Moonlighting debuts on ABC-TV for 66 episodes (until May 14, 1989), starring hot Cybill LynneShepherd (1950-) and equally hot Walter Bruce Willis (1955-) as private detectives Maddie hayes and David Addison, becoming the first successful dramedy (comedy-drama), making them into stars; the theme song Moonlighting by Al Jarreau becomes a hit. On Mar. 8 a car bomb near the house of Islamic Twelver Shiite cleric Sayyed Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah (1935-) (suspected Hezbollah backer) kills 82 and injures 200 in a Beirut suburb. On Mar. 8 Thomas Creighton dies after having three heart transplants in a 46-hour period. On Mar. 8 Pres. Reagan sends a team of negotiators to the Soviet Union with instructions to hold arms talks to cut back offensive weapons. On Mar. 8 Advance Pubs. owned by the Newhouse family buys The New Yorker mag. (founded 1925) from the Fleischmann family for $168M. On Mar. 10 Konstantin U. Chernenko (b. 1911) dies at age 73 after just 13 mo. as Soviet leader, and on Mar. 11 after being nominated by Andrei Gromyko, "young" (youngest since Stalin in 1924) 54-y.-o. Politburo member (agricultural specialist) Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (1931-2022) succeeds him as gen.-secy. #8 (last) of the Soviet Communist Party (until Aug. 24, 1991), promising improvement of the economy, and calling for sweeping economic changes in June despite implied criticism of his predecessors; the first Soviet leader with a college education since Lenin, with a good knowledge of the West incl. from reading and travel; Chernenko is buried on Mar. 13. On Mar. 10 Greek PM Constantine Karmanlis resigns after the ruling Socialist PASOK Party withdraws support for his reelection, and on Mar. 29 celeb prosecutor Christos (Christo) Antoniou Sartzetakis (1929-) is elected pres. of Greece (until May 4, 1990), becoming known for his regal lifestyle and intolerance of the press - any relation to Ronald Reagan? On Mar. 12 the U.S. and the Soviet Union begin arms control talks in Geneva. On Mar. 15 U.S. labor secy. #17 (since 1981) Raymond James Donovan (1930-), facing a New York City fraud trial resigns, becoming the first sitting Cabinet member to be criminally indicted; on June 8 after a 9-mo. trial he is acquitted, uttering the soundbyte: "Give me back my reputation!" On Mar. 15 Mr. Belvedere,. based on the 1947 Gwen Davenport novel "Belvedere" debuts on ABC-TV for 117 episodes (until July 8, 1990), starring English actor Christopher Michael Hewett (1922-2001) as English butler Lynn Belvedere, who works for "Mr. Baseball" Robert George "Bob" Uecker (1935-) as Am. sports columnist George Owens of Beaver Falls (near Pittsburgh), Penn., and his wife Marshal, played by Ilene Graff (1949-). On Mar. 16 Terry A. Anderson (1947-), chief Middle East correspondent for the AP is abducted in Beirut by Shiite Hezbollah militants after playing tennis; he is released in Dec. 1991. On Mar. 17 Pres. Reagan agrees to a joint study with Canada on acid rain. On Mar. 19 in a V for Pres. Reagan the Senate votes 55-45 to authorize production of the MX missile. On Mar. 21 the Langa Massacre in Langa (Uitenhage), South Africa sees police open fire on blacks marching to mark the 25th anniv. of the Sharpeville shootings, killing at least 21 demonstrators, causing Pres. Reagan on Mar. 21 to defend the police, with the soundbyte "There is an element in South Africa that do not want a peaceful settlement of this, who want a violent settlement, who want trouble in the streets", and secy. of state George Shultz to tell the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Mar. 21 that the affair "only underlines how evil and unacceptable that system is"; on Mar. 22 the Congressional Black Caucus calls Reagan "an apologist for apartheid" whose "blatant racism is incomprehensible". On Mar. 21 the world honors baroque German composer Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) on his 300th birthday. On Mar. 22 the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is signed by 28 nations, becoming effective on Sept. 22, 1988 after ratification by 20 states, growing to 197; it doesn't contain legally binding CFC reduction goals, but creates the Meeting of Ozone Research Mgrs. to assess ozone depletion and climate change research and produce reports for the Conference of Parties. On Mar. 24 thousands demonstrate in Madrid against the NATO presence in Spain. On Mar. 24 after Gen. Zia ul-Haq decides to allow elections after eight years of martial law, on the condition that candidates stand independent of party affiliation, causing Benazir Bhutto and her Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) to boycott the election, allowing the Pakistan Muslim League to win a majority, its pres. Muhammad Khan Jumejo (1932-93) is selected by Zia as PM of Pakistan (until May 29, 1988). On Mar. 25 a Russian sentry kills a U.S. officer on a recon mission in East Germany. On Mar. 25 the 57th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1984 to Orion's Amadeus, along with best actor to F. Murray Abraham, and best dir. to Milos Forman; best actress goes to Sally Field for Places in the Heart ("I can't deny the fact that you like me, right now, you like me"), best supporting actor to Haing Somnang Ngor for The Killing Fields (1st Asian-Am. and 2nd non-prof. actor to win), and best supporting actress to Dame Peggy Ashcroft for A Passage to India; Stevie Wonder accepts an award in the name of imprisoned South African leader Nelson Mandela, pissing-off the South African govt., which announces on Mar. 26 that the South African Broadcasting Corp. will no longer air Wonder's music. On Mar. 28 after they flee from Ethiopia and 2K die in Jan., Operation Sheba secretly flies 494 of 2K stranded Falashas from Sudan to Israel aboard U.S. Air Force transport planes despite strong protests by the govt. of Mengistu Haile Mariam; by 2003 there are 60K Falashas living in Israel. On Mar. 31 Pope John Paul II founds World Youth Day. In Mar. Jose Napoleon Duarte's Christian Dem. Party scores an unexpected V in El Salvador's nat. and municipal elections, with 54% of the total vote; the army refuses the demands of the rightists to nullify the election, signaling a turning point; govt. efforts to combat the rebels become more successful, causing the latter to begin a campaign of urban terror. In Mar. the deployment of NATO cruise missiles in Belgian strains the govt. of PM Wilfried Martens. In Mar. 70+ savings and loans in Ohio fail, along with one in Beverly Hills, Calif. In Mar. Ann Getty and Lord Weidenfeld buy Grove Press for $2M - there wasn't a cat thrown or used as a weapon? In Mar. The Well online conferencing service goes live from Sausalito, Calif. with a VAX computer, 6 modems and 6 phone lines. On Apr. 2 A.H. Robins Co. sets aside $615M to settle claims over their Dalkon Shield contraceptive device; it has already filed for bankruptcy. On Apr. 3 the Brown Derby restaurant in Hollywood closes after 56 years in business. On Apr. 4-6 after civil war, hyperinflation, and famine, a military coup in Sudan led by defense minister Abdel Raham Siwar el-Dahab removes pres. (since 1969) Gen. Jaafar (Gaafar) an-Nimeiri (Nimeiry) (1930-2009) while he's in the U.S. begging for financial aid; he flees to exile in Egypt until 1999. On Apr. 6 William J. Schroeder becomes the first artificial heart recipient to be discharged from the hospital as he moves into an apt. in Louisville, Ky. On Apr. 6 a bus loses its brakes and plunges 20 ft. into a ravine in Bherughat, Madhya Pradhesh, India, killing 16 and injuring 39. On Apr. 11 Albania's Stalinist dictator (Communist party chief) (since Nov. 8, 1941) Enver Hoxha (b. 1908) dies after 41 years in power, and on Apr. 13 is succeeded as first secy. of the Albanian Communist Party of Labor by pres. (since 1982) Ramiz Tafe (Tafë) Alia (1925-) (until May 4, 1991); desperately poor semi-secular Muslim Albania is now a hop, skip, and jump from embracing Western democracy; Hoxha's widow continues to exercise considerable power. On Apr. 12 (22:30 local time) the El Descanso Bombing in Madrid sees a restaurant bombed by terrorists, killing 18 and injuring 82 of 200 diners and employees, becoming the worst attack in Spain since the Spanish Civil War; the injured incl. 15 Americans from the nearby Torrejon Air Base. On Apr. 12 Jake Garn (1932-) of Utah becomes the first U.S. Sen. to fly in space as Space Shuttle Discovery mission #4 STS-51D lifts off from Cape Canaveral; it returns on Apr. 19. The Great Communicator steps on his Johnson trying to shake his groove thing? On Apr. 13 tens of thousands mark the 40th anniv. of the liberation of the Buchenwald Death Camp; on Apr. 18 Pres. Reagan pulls a boner when he announces an upcoming visit to the 7-nation economic summit in Bonn in May, to be accompanied by a visit to the Bitburg Cemetery in West Germany, where 2K Nazi soldiers, incl. 49 Waffen SS troops are buried, as a gesture of reconciliation on the 40th anniv. of the end of WWII, drawing wide criticism by Jewish leaders and others; on May 5 Reagan spends 80 min. at the Bergen-Belsen camp first, then 8 min. at the Bitburg cemetery where he presides at the laying of a wreath but makes sure not to glance at the soldiers' graves. On Apr. 13 (with uncanny timing?) Nelson Mandela's wife (since 1957) Winnie Mandela (1936-2018) stinks herself up with a speech in Munsieville, South Africa, where she utters the soundbyte "With our boxes of matches and our necklaces we shall liberate this country." On Apr. 20 a bus plunges 500 ft. outside Hibberdene, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, killing 18 and injuring 29. On Apr. 23 the Coca-Cola Co., headed by pres. Donald Keough pulls a historic marketing boner when it announces that it's changing its 99-y.-o. secret formula 7X-100 for Coke to 7X, a sweeter taste closer to its rival Pepsi-Cola, offering the gutless sugar plum fairy juice called New Coke; public rejection forces the reintroduction of the original nastier "classic" version on July 11, calling it Coca-Cola Classic, with Peter Jennings interrupting General Hospital to share the happy but nasty news. On Apr. 22 the U.S. signs the 1985 U.S.-Israel Free Trade Agreement, incl. a requirement that Israel has to discuss all its industrial policies with the U.S. before carrying them out. On Apr. 26/277 the Badaber Ft. Uprising near Peshawar, Pakistan sees Soviet POws take over the CIA fortress jail, and die to the last man, killing 100 Afghan mujahideen, 90 Pakistani soldiers, 13 Pakistani officials, and six U.S. instructors, teaching the Soviets about the determination of mujahideen?; an attempted coverup fails; meanwhile the Soviets blame it on Islamabad and plan revenge, killing 200+ mujahideen and Pakistani soldiers in 1987, and engineering the 1988 death of Pakistani pres. Zia? On Apr. 30 the anti-apartheid South African Rand Daily Mail (founded 1902) ceases pub. to the delight of pres. Pieter Botha. In Apr. the British rock duo Wham!, consisting of George Michael (Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou) (1963-2016) and Andrew Ridgeley (1963-) tours China, becoming the first visit by a Western pop act, boosting their popularity; they split in 1986 and go solo. On May 7 after permission is granted by the NRC last Aug. 2 after almost a decade of delays, Unit One of the 18K GWH Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant in Avila Beach off the coast of San Luis Obispo, Calif. begins operation; Unit Two begins operation next Mar. 13; in 1981 1.9K anti-nuclear activists were arrested in a 2-week period. On May 9 Laurent Fabius (1946-), PM (since July 17, 1984) of the Socialist govt. in France blocks the sale of an AIDS virus detection test made by Abbott Labs, resulting in criminal charges when hundreds die from transfusions of tainted blood; he resigns on Mar. 20, 1986. On May 11 as millions watch on TV, a flash fire sweeps through the main grandstand of a packed soccer stadium in Bradford, England, killing 53 and injuring 200. On May 13 after they board the windows and doors with plywood, hoard weapons, and blast obsenities with a bullhorn at night, police in Philadelphia arrive and order them to leave, causing a gunfight, after which at 5:30 p.m. a police heli drops a bomb on the HQ of the radical black group MOVE at 6221 Osage Ave., causing a fire that kills 11 of 13 inside, incl. five children, destroying 61 houses and leaving 200 homeless; the city rebuilds the homes, but after they are discovered to have cracked foundations, they are deemed uninhabitable. On May 15 a booby-trapped book from the Unabomber detonates in the hands of graduate student John E. Hauser at U.C. Berkeley in the computer lab, taking four fingers of his right hand. On May 20 a Provisional IRA bomb near Killean in County Down, North Ireland kills four Royal Ulster Constabulary officers. On May 22 after fellow Roman Catholic Pres. Reagan promotes him from roving ambassador (since 1981), New York City-born military intel expert Army lt. gen. Vernon A. Walters (1917-2002) (CIA deputy dir. in 1972-6) becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #17 (until Mar. 15, 1989), going on to become U.S. ambassador to West Germany in 1989-90 and to Germany in 1990-1. On May 23 Northrop engineer Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh (1945-) is sentenced in Los Angeles, Calif. to life in prison after admitting trying to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviets for $25K. On May 25 Merrill Lynch in New York City receives a 1-page typed letter alleging insider trading in its Caracas office, leading to Drexel Burnham Lamberg acquisitions dir. Dennis B. Levine. On May 27 in a brief ceremony in Beijing, reps. of Britain and China exchange instruments of ratification on the pact returning Hong Kong to the Chinese in 1997. On May 28 David Jacobsen, dir. of the American U. Hospital in Beirut, Lebanon is abducted by Islamic Jihad; he is freed 17 mo. later. On May 29 the Honolulu Strangler kills his first victim, 25-y.-o. Vicky Gail Purdy, going on to kill five more women in Honolulu by 1986, becoming Hawaii's first known serial murderer; he is not caught until ? On May 31 the Great U.S.-Canadian Tornado Outbreak of 1985 sees tornadoes hit S Ontario, E Ohio, SW N.Y., and W Penn. with up to 200 mph winds, killing 12 in Ontario, 11 in Ohio, and 65 in Penn., and injuring 1.9K, becoming the worst tornadoes in the U.S. since 1974 and in Ontario since 1954. In May a Shiite suicide bomber drives into the motorcade of Kuwaiti emir (since Dec. 31, 1977) Sheik Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Sabah (1926-2006), killing five incl. the bomber; the emir escapes with minor cuts and bruises, immediately changing his habit of driving his own car to bustling bazaars. In May seven reps. of the Ecuadorean Congress defect to the ruling coalition of Pres. Leon Febres Cordero, finally permitting him to operate effectively. In early June South Africa pulls its troops out of Angola after the latter agrees to limit guerrilla activity by the South-West Africa People's Org. (SWAPO) in the Namibia border region and to institute joint patrols; they return to pursue SWAPO guerrillas into Angola in late June, killing 61 of them. On June 1 in his Sat. radio address Pres. Reagan complains that special interests in Washington are trying to "pick apart" his tax overhaul plan, and asks for public support. On June 1 the Battle of the Beanfield sees Margaret Thatcher's Wiltshire police prevent a convoy of several hundred New Agers from setting up the 11th Stonehenge Free Festival after the local English Heritage Society gets a court order to keep them 4 mi. away; after the New Agers camp out in a beanfield, the police brutally dislodge them; in 1991 a court finds the police guilty of misconduct. On June 2 after raping, torturing, and murdering 11-25 women in a remote cabin near Wilseyville, Calaveras County, Calif. 150 mi. E of San Francisco, Calif., Hong Kong-born serial ex-Marine Charles Chi-Tat Ng (1960-) is caught shoplifting a vise from a hardware store in San Francisco, Calif., after which his San Francisco-born ex-Marine partner Leonard Thomas Lake (1945-85) tries to pay for it and is arrested, taking cyanide pills in jail and dying on June 6; Ng flees to Calgary, Alberta, Canada and lives in a lean-to in Fish Creek Provincial Park until July 6, when he tries to shoplift a can of salmon from a grocery store in Calgary and is arrested after shooting a security guard; after a long legal battle to avoid extradition, he ends up in Calif. in 1991, and in Feb. 1999 is convicted of 11 murders after a $20M trial, most expensive in Calif. history (until ?), ending up on death row in San Quentin State Prison. On June 3 the Vatican and Italy ratify the 1985 Vatican Concordat to replace the Lateran Pact of 1929; the Vatican's independence is reaffirmed, along with religious freedom for non-Catholics, but Rome's status as a sacred city is ended, along with the Roman Catholic Church's status as the state religion of Italy. On June 3 Larry King Live debuts on CNN, hosted by Jewish-Am. former DJ Larry" King (Lawrence Harvey Zeiger) (1933-), becoming the first internat. live call-in show and CNN's most popular and longest-running program (until Dec. 16, 2010). On June 4 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in Wallace v. Jaffree to uphold a lower court ruling striking down an Ala. law providing for a daily minute of silence in public schools; Burger, Rehnquist, and White dissent - this is as silly as it gets? On June 6 authorities in Brazil exhume a body near Sao Paul later identified as the remains of Dr. Josef Mengele (1911-79), the notorious Nazi Angel of Death at the Auschwitz-Birkenau Camp. By June 6 (3rd anniv. of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon) all Israeli troops have withdrawn except several hundred "advisers" to a Christian militia armed by them; on June 10 the last of the Israeli army pulls out after 1,099 days of occupation. On June 9 U.S. educator (dean of agriculture at the Am. U. of Beirut) Thomas Sutherland (1931-) is kidnapped in Lebanon, joining fellow hostage, British Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite (1939-); they are released on Nov. 18, 1991; in June 2001 the Sutherland family wins a $323M verdict against the govt. of Iran for its ties to the kidnappers, and receives $35M, with a lien for the rest going to the U.S. govt. On June 11 Karen Ann Quinlan (b. 1954), the comatose patient whose case prompted a historic right-to-die court decision dies in Morris Plains, N.J. at age 31. On June 11 a school bus collides with a train near Moshav Habonim, Israel, killing 21, incl. 19 children. On June 12 the U.S. House of Reps. by a vote of 248-184 approves $27M in nonmilitary aid to the Nicaraguan Contras - an oxymoron? On June 12 the town of Xintan on the Yangtze River (world's 3rd longest river, up to 490 ft. deep) is obliterated by a landslide that sends a 128-ft. surge wave down the river; it had been evacuated a few days earlier. On June 13 CIA traitor Aldrich Hazen Ames (1941-) hands over the names of 20 Soviets working for the CIA to a Soviet agent, several of whom are later executed; Ames is not arrested until Feb. 21, 1994. On June 13 a parcel mailed from Oakland, Calif. to the Boeing Co. in Washington state is found to contain a bomb from the Unabumber, and is defused. On June 14 the austral replaces the peso as the currency of Argentina at the rate of 1K pesos to 1 austral, with the official value set at 80 U.S. cents. On June 14 TWA Flight 847 (727) en route from Athens to Rome with 153 passengers and 8 crew is hijacked by two German-speaking Lebanese Hezbollah and/or Islamic Jihad members, Mohammed Ali Hamadi (Hammadi) (1964-) and Imad Fayez Mughniyah (1962-2008), then forced to criss-cross the Mediterranean from Lebanon to Algeria 3x until pilot John Testrake pleads for permission to land in Beirut; hostages with Jewish-sounding names are separated; on June 15 U.S. Navy Seabee diver Robert Dean Stethem (b. 1961) is tortured and shot to death by Hamadi, and his body dumped on the runway; the 39 remaining hostages are moved to Shiite neighborhoods in Beirut, and are finally freed on June 30 after the hijackers vainly demand the release of 700 Lebanese (mainly Shiite) prisoners held by Israel; after they get away, a $5M reward is offered for info.; Hamadi is captured and sentenced to life in prison in Germany; after 19 years at large, Mughniyah is killed in a car bombing in Damascus. On June 16 the Soviets launch the Soyuz T-13mission, carrying cosmonauts Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov (1942-), Viktor Petrovich Savinykh (1940-), and Georgi Mikhailovich Grechko (1931-), who become the first to dock with a "dead" space station, Salyut 7; it returns on Sept. 26; meanwhile on Sept. 17 Soyuz T-14 blasts off carrying Vladimir Vladimirovich Vasyutin (1952-2002), Alexander Aleksandrovich Volkov (1948-), Viktor Savinykh, and Georgi Grechko, returning on Nov. 21 after Vasyutin contracts a urinary infection, forcing an emergency return. On June 15 in St. Petersburg, Russia a middle-aged Lithuanian man pulls a knife and slashes the stomach and thigh of the nude female Danae depicted in the 1636 Rembrandt masterpiece of the same name; he then hurls a jar of acid at the picture and splashes a militiaman in the face - consider that a divorce? On June 15 South Africa hands over limited powers to a new multiracial admin. in the former German colony of Namibia bordering South Africa, Zambia, Botswana, and Angola. On June 16 the Grateful Dead perform a 20th anniv. concert in Berkeley, Calif. On June 17-24 Space Shuttle mission STS-51-G Discovery carries a 7-member internat. crew, deploying ARABSAT-1B for the Arab Satellite Communications Org.; Saudi prince Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1956-) becomes the first Arab, first Muslim, and first royal in space. On June 19 the Motion Picture Assoc. of Am. (MPAA) self-imposes the new PG-13 rating. On June 19 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in McDonald v. Smith that the same legal limitations apply to the First Amendment's Petition Clause as in New York Times v. Sullivan (1978). On June 23 (01:00 GMT) Air India Flight 182 (Boeing 747) (Emperor Kanishka) en route from Toronto to Bombay is blown up at 31K ft. alt. over Ireland and crashes into the sea, killing all 329 aboard, incl. 280 Canadian nationals, most of Indian birth or descent, and 22 Indians, becoming the largest mass murder in Canadian history (until ?); at 07:13 there is a baggage explosion at Tokyo Narita Internat. Airport that kills two baggage handlers and injures four; the bag was intended for Air India Flight 301 en route to Bangkok with 170 passengers and crew; in 2003 Inderjit Singh Reyat of the Sikh terrorist org. Babbar Khalsa pleads guilty to constructing the Flight 182 bomb, and receives a 5-year sentence; despite $130M spent, nobody else is convicted until ?. On June 25 the World Court rules that U.S. involvement in Nicaragua violates internat. law; on June 27 the U.S. House of Reps. votes to limit the use of combat troops in Nicaragua. On June 27 the legendary "Mother Road" Route 66 (AKA America's Main Street, Mother Road, and Will Rogers Hwy.) (founded on Nov. 11, 1926), which originally stretched from Chicago, Ill. to Santa Monica, Calif. is officially decertified. On July 1 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Aguilar v. Felton that federally-funded public school teachers may not teach in parochial schools; it reverses its decision by 5-4 on June 23, 1997 in Agostini v. Felton after the N.Y. Dept. of Education parks vans outside parochial schools to provide remedial help. On July 1 after the DEA classifies MDMA (Ecstasy) as a Schedule 1 controlled substance on May 31, and Congress gives the FDA power to place an emergency ban on any drug it considers dangerous to the public, it bans MDMA (Ecstasy), causing proponents to go to court and get a judge to allow it to be sold on a prescription basis, which the FDA overrides, finally approving it in 1993. On July 2 the Giotto space probe is launched by the ESA to observe Halley's Comet. On July 2 Soviet foreign minister (since 1957) Andrei Gromyko (1909-89) resigns, and on July 27 Eduard Shevardnadze (1927-) becomes foreign minister of the Soviet Union (unti Dec. 20, 1990); on Oct. 5 Gromyko sends two letters to U.N. secy.-gen. Javier Perez de Cuellar, condemning nuclear war and proposing a nuclear weapons freeze; too bad, the U.S. ignores them, and on Nov. 11 Gromyko goes to pasture as ceremonial chmn. of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (until 1988). On July 4 former PM Diara Traore attempts a coup in Guinea while pres. Lansana Conte is out of the country, but it is crushed by loyal troops and Traore is executed. On July 8 China permits marketing of tampons for the first time - don't ask don' tell? On July 9 during debate over the U.S. Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA), Senate Judiciary Committee member Joe Biden (D-Del.) sides with the NRA, uttering the soundbyte that criminals will get firearms "with or without gun control"; it is approved by the Senate by a 79-15 vote. On July 11 the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior docked in New Zealand is blown up by French Secret Service frogmen on orders of the defense minister, causing the Greenpeace Affair; New Zealand forbids ships armed with nuclear weapons from entering its waters, the U.S. withdraws intel and military cooperation from New Zealand, and France threatens New Zealand with economic sanctions unless the agents responsible for blowing up the Greenpeace ship, who have been arrested, are released, forcing New Zealand to release them; French defense minister (since 1981) Charles Hernu (1923-90) and secret service head Adm. Pierre Lacoste (1924-) are fired. On July 11 Michael Agbotui Soussoudis, a relative of Lt. Jerry Rawlings, and his lover Sharon M. Scranage, a low-level CIA clerk in Ghana are arrested by the U.S. on espionage charges, and the U.S. accuses her of handing him info. leading to the murder of a CIA informant. On July 13 the 17-hour Live Aid internat. rock concert in London, Philadelphia, Moscow and Sydney ("the Global Juke Box"), organized by Irish Boomtown Rats musician Robert Frederick Zenon "Bob" Geldof (1951-) and Scottish Silk musician James "Midge" Ure (1953-) raises $100M for Africa's starving people; it features over 60 acts, incl. U2, Madonna, Queen (best live rock performance of all time?), Paul McCartney, Elton John, Sting, Pete Townshend and the Who, Joan Baez, Phil Collins, Bob Dylan, Mick Jagger, Madonna, and Tina Turner, playing to 1.5B TV (satellite) viewers; rock music events are now "safe" for Pres. Reagan's middle Americans? On July 13-15 tried-and-true heterosexual Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery for removal of a non-cancerous intestinal polyp - I don't know how I can quit you? Will the tin man ever get a heart? On July 14 an indecisive pres. election in Bolivia is followed on Aug. 7 by another, and old fart former pres. (1952-6, 1960-4) Victor Paz Estenssoro (1907-2001), co-founder of the Nat. Rev. Movement (MNR) becomes pres. #72 of Bolivia (until Aug. 6, 1989) after a raucous session of the Congress, which chooses him over right-wing Nat. Dem. Action Party candidate Gen. Hugo Banzer Suarez despite Banzer winning 28.6% of the 1.7M votes cast vs. 26.4% by Paz, causing Banzer to threaten a coup; in Sept. after Estenssoro begins the New Economic Policy of switching from statism to privatization, designed by Harvard economist Jeffrey David Sachs (1954-), starting by firing 30K mine workers, a gen. worker strike is crushed by the army with 1K arrests, Paz and Banzer link up and declare a state of seige; since 1825 tin-rich dizzy-high Bolivia has had 60+ revs., 70 presidents, and 11 constitutions; after the IMF demands a severe austerity program, by the end of the year a wage freeze and cutback of govt. price subsidies, combined with linking the Bolivian economy to the U.S. dollar lowers the inflation rate from 11,750% to 15% by 1987, although Bolivia remains the poorest country in South Am. Everybody wants a piece of the Rock? On July 15 gaunt, sick-looking, once-hunky Hollywood actor and pretty boy lover Rock Hudson (1925-85) appears at a news conference with actress Doris Day to promote her cable TV program, stirring rumors that he is a h--o with AIDS; on July 21 after treatment with the French drug HPA-23, Hudson collapses at the Paris Ritz; on July 25 a spokeswoman announces that he has AIDS, and is being hospitalized in Paris; the reaction starts a worldwide search for a cure, esp. when he dies on Oct. 2 at his home in Beverly Hills, Calif. at age 59; close friend Elizabeth Taylor rises to the forefront of anti-AIDS fundraising, eventually raising $100M; by 1995 the number of new HIV infections in the U.S. declines from 140K to 40K per year; a strange rumor starts that Rock was in a secret gay marriage with "Gomer Pyle" actor-singer Jim Nabors (1930-); meanwhile on May 11 the U.S. FDA approves trials of the AIDS drug Isoprinosine, which proves to be a dud. On July 19 Sharon Christa Corrigan McAuliffe (1948-86) of N.H. is chosen to be the first schoolteacher and first non-elite scientist or astronaut to ride, Sally, ride aboard the Space Shuttle - was she related to the nuts guy in Bastogne? On July 20 the South African govt. decrees a state of emergency, giving the police and military near absolute power in black townships; interracial marriages are legalized, and some movie theaters are integrated; on Aug. 6-9 riots in black townships around Durban kill 52; on Nov. 2 the govt. bars the foreign press from the emergency areas. On July 20 Spanish galleon Nuestra Senora de Atocha, which sunk in 1622 is located off the Fla. Keys by treasure hunter, er, commercial archeologist Mel Fisher (1922-98), who retrieves $450M in coins and loot incl. 40 tons of gold and silver, 1K silver bars, and 114K Spanish silver pieces of eight; he gets to keep it after the U.S. Congress passes the 1987 U.S. Abandoned Shipwrecks Act, giving title to wrecks located within 3 mi. of the coast to the states - the ultimate chalupa? On July 21 a bus loses its brakes and ploughs through a crowded market in Atok, Philippines, killing 28 and injuring 70. On July 22 Islamists explode two bombs in Copenhagen, Denmark, one near the Great Synagogue and the other at the offices of Northwest Orient Airlines, killing one and injuring 26; Lebanon-based Islamic Jihad Org. claims responsibility, and Hezbollah announces that violent attacks will be aimed at "every Zionist, American or reactionary establishment in various parts of the world"; two Palestinians are later convicted. On July 23 Chinese pres. (1983-8) Li Xiannian (1909-92) meets with U.S. Pres. Reagan to negotiate a pact for sale of U.S. nuclear equipment. On July 23 Bogota Superior Court Judge Tulio Manuel Castro Gil is assassinated by the Colombian Medellin drug cartel. On July 27 a coup in Uganda causes pres. Milton Obote to flee into exile; on July 29 Gen. Tito Lutwa Okello (1914-96) becomes pres. of Uganda (until Jan. 26, 1986). On July 28 after an overwhelming defeat in May of pres. (since 1945) Belaunde Terry, Social Dem. Alan Gabriel Ludwig Garcia Perez (1949-) becomes pres. of Peru (until July 28, 1990) with 53% of the vote; in his inaugural address he says that Peru will limit payments on its foreign debt to no more than 10% of its export earnings, repudiating the terms demanded by the IMF; meanwhile Maoist Shining Path rebels hold out in the Upper Huallaga Valley, where they protect cocaine growers and use the proceeds to corrupt the govt. In July Laos agrees to help the U.S. search for servicemen missing since the Indochina war; border clashes between Laos and Thailand intensify, with 120+ skirmishes reported last year and this. In July bombs explode in two popular cafes in Kuwait, killing nine and wounding 56 - pro-Ayatollah Shiites having fun killing fun? On Aug. 1 the French govt. begins to require the testing of all donated blood for AIDS following the launch of a test by Diagnostic Pasteur; by this time 1.3K hemophiliacs are contaminated with AIDS-tainted blood, and by 1997 over 500 die, most of them children. On Aug. 1 high-level Soviet KGB officer Vitaly Yurchenko (1936-) becomes one of the most senior Soviet intel officers to defect to the West, fingering two U.S. intel officers as double agents, then slipping away from the CIA at the Au Pied de Cochon Restaurant in Georgetown and announces at the Soviet embassy on Nov. 4 that he wants to return home, claiming that he had been kidnapped in Rome, drugged, and held prisoner in the U.S. by the CIA; he later is awarded the Order of the Red Star; meanwhile on Nov. 25 after being fingered by Yurchenko, retired NSA comm specialist Ronald William Pelton (1942-) is arrested for esponage sans evidence, luckily confesses, and is convicted in 1986 and given three consecutive life sentences; ex-CIA officer Edward Lee Victor Howard (1951-2002), who was also fingered by Yurchenko escapes, and dies of a broken neck in his Russian dacha on July 12, 2002 of suspected murder. On Aug. 2 Delta Air Lines Flight 191 (Lockheed L-1011 Tristar)) crashes due to microburst-induced wind shear while attempting to land at Dallas-Fort Worth Internat. Airport in a thunderstorm, killing 135 of 152 aboard. On Aug. 6 Guyanan pres. (since 1964) Forbes Burnham (b. 1923) dies in Washington, D.C. after a throat operation, and PM (since 1984) Hugh Desmond Hoyte (1929-2002) of the People's Nat. Congress becomes pres. of Guyana (until Oct. 9, 1992), going on to try unsuccessfully to parley with the opposition People's Progressive Party (PPP) while the country heads toward bankruptcy - was his throat purple? On Aug. 9 a federal judge in Norfolk, Va. finds retired Navy officer Arthur James Walker (1935-) guilty of seven counts of spying for the Soviet Union; on Oct. 20 brother John Anthony Walker Jr. (1937-) admits charges that he spied for the Soviets and recruited his son Michael J., his brother and a friend into the spy ring which is called one of the most damaging in U.S. history; thanks to a plea bargain, John gets life, but his son gets 25 years. On Aug. 12 (Mon.) Japan Air Lines Flight 123 (Boeing 747) en route from Tokyo to Osaka crashes into Mt. Takamagahara, killing 520 of 524 aboard, becoming the worst airplane accident until ? - what're them odds? On Aug. 17 1.4K meatpackers walk off the job at the George A. Hormel and Co. main plant in Austin, Minn. in a bitter strike which lasts a year. On Aug. 17 Iraqi jets armed with French Exocet missiles bomb Iran's strategic Kharg Island oil terminal in the first of 130+ attacks - didn't I see that on Top Gun? On Aug. 19 after being given the job of hunting East German spies, which he is a bust at while 168 West German spies are captured, senior West German counterintel officer Hans Joachim Tiedge (1937-) defects to East Germany, causing the West German spy service to go nonlinear; after German reunification in 1990, he flees to Moscow under the alias Hans Ottowitsch. On Aug. 20 the Iran Contra Affair (Irangate) begins, soon rocking the Reagan admin. (until Mar. 4, 1987). On Aug. 22 an engine fire breaks out aboard a British Airtours Flight 28M charter jet on the runway during takeoff at Manchester Airport in England, killing 55 of 137 aboard. On Aug. 23 a spy scandal flares up in West Germany as a top counter-intel officer defects to East Germany. On Aug. 235 the gay-friendly Restoration Church of Jesus Christ is founded in Los Angeles, Calif. by Antonio A. Feliz, an LDS Church bishop who was excommunicated for homosexuality, reaching 500 members by the time it is dissolved in 2010. On Aug. 25 Samantha Reed Smith (b. 1972), America's 12-y.-o. Ambassador for Peace dies with her father in a plane crash in Lewiston-Auburn, Maine - he told her but had to kill her? On Aug. 27 Nigerian pres. (since Dec. 31, 1983) Muhammadu Buhari is overthrown in a bloodless coup led by Muslim Maj. Gen. Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (1941-), who declares himself pres. #8 of Nigeria (until Aug. 27, 1993); Buhari is imprisoned for 40 mo. On Aug. 27 the Pentagon scraps the M247 Sergeant York DIVAD AA weapon after spending $1.8B on it - a domesticated turkey can never fly? On Aug. 28-Sept. 4 (Labor Day weekend) category 3 Hurricane Elena starts between Cuba and Haiti, then on Sept. 2 it hits the Miss. Coast, causing $1.25B in property damage but no deaths since there were four days of warnings. On Aug. 31 El Paso, Tex.-born serial murderer (avowed Satanist) ("the Night Stalker") Richard (Ricardo Leyva Muńoz) Ramirez (1960-2013) is captured by residents of an East Los Angeles neighborhood after a crime spree that began on Apr. 10, 1984 with the rape-murder of 9-y.-o. Mei Leung in the Tenderloin district of San Francisco, Calif.; on Sept. 20, 1989 he is convicted of 13 murders after a $1.8M trial, most expensive in Calif. history until the 1994 O.J. Simpson murder trial, with the judge upholding his 13 death sentences uttering the soundbyte that his acts exhibited "cruelty, callousness, and viciousness beyond any human understanding"; he dies in Calif's death row on June 7, 2013 of B-cell lymphoma. In Aug. after beginning to doubt Reagonomics, White House budget dir. David Stockman resigns, "knowing that my original ideological errors had given rise to a fiscal calamity and a political disorder probably beyond correction"; Pres. Reagan keeps him on the White House staff. On Sept. 2 former Cambodian ruler Pol Pot retires from the Khmer Rouge to a military advisory role. On Sept. 2 it is announced that a U.S.-French expedition has located the 73-y.-o. wreckage of the RMS Titanic (sunk in 1912) about 560 mi. off Newfoundland on Sept. 1. On Sept. 5 Chilean women demonstrate in Santiago against the regime of Gen. Augusto Pinochet, and are turned back by troops with water cannon, causing them to shout how they have "clean hands" compared to them; on Sept. 5-7 riots in Chile kill 10. On Sept. 6 a Midwest Express Airlines DC-9 airliner en route to Atlanta, Ga. crashes after takeoff from Mitchell Field in Milwaukee, Ohio, killing all 31 aboard. On Sept. 8 the debut issue of USA Weekend features Miss America hopeful Lisa Davenport (Miss Calif.) ("Is this a Miss America smile?"), Phil Donahue on love, Tom Brokaw on exercising, and Priscilla Presley on her new book "Elvis and Me". On Sept. 9 U.S. Pres. Reagan reverses his position and accepts most trade and financial steps sought by Congress against South African apartheid, incl. a ban on loans and the sale of computers; 11 European nations order sanctions on South Africa on Sept. 10; on Sept. 11 Senate Repubs. turn back a move by the Dems. for a vote on the more stringent Congressional version of economic sanctions. On Sept. 9 the Handsworth Race Riots in Birmingham, England sees white and black youths (of West Indian descent) riot, looting Asian-owned shops and starting fires; by Sept. 11 the riot is subdued after 1,490 police make 137 arrests. On Sept. 9 a coup attempt in Thailand is crushed after 10 hours of fighting in Bangkok in which four people are killed and 60 are wounded. On Sept. 10 El Salvador pres. Jose Napoleon Duarte's eldest daughter Ines Guadalupe Duarte Duran is abducted with some companions by leftists; she is released on Oct. 24 after Duarte releases 22 political prisoners. On Sept. 10 the GTE Govt. Systems Corp. of Waltham, Mass. is accused by the U.S. of conspiring to obtain internal planning data on electronic warfare devices; charges are later dropped. On Sept. 11 Internat. Cometary Explorer flies through the tail of Comet Giacobini-Zinner, 44M mi. from Earth, becoming the first direct sampling of a comet; on Sept. 13 it detects charged water and carbon monoxide particles in it. On Sept. 12 after she jilts and ridicules his appearance, Michael J. Manfredonia rapes and stabs to death a 14-y.-o. girl in Morris County, N.J., and is sentenced on Aug. 8, 1986 to life in prison. On Sept. 13 a derelict satellite orbiting 290 miles above the Pacific Ocean is destroyed by a rocket launched by an F-15 fighter in the first U.S. test of an anti-satellite weapon. On Sept. 13 in an effort to encourage other countries to shut down their wells and buy their oil, Saudi Arabian oil minister (1962-86) Ahmad Zaki Yamani (1930-) (known for getting OPEC to quadruple the price of crude oil in 1973) announces a new pricing discount system, launching an oil price war that gluts world oil markets and causes prices to drop 60% in the next 6 mo. On Sept. 14 the sitcom The Golden Girls, about four old dames sharing a Miami, Fla. home debuts on NBC-TV for 180 episodes (until May 9, 1992), starring Beatrice "Bea" Arthur (1922-2009) as divorced ex-substitute teacher Dorothy Zbornak, Betty Marion White (1922-) as widow Rose Nylund, Eddi Rue McClanahan (1934-) as Bea's sex-starved best friend and widow Blanche Devereaux (who owns their Miami, Fla. house), and Estelle Getty (Estelle Scher-Gettleman) (1923-2008) as Dorothy's Italian mother Sophia Petrillo, who fled a nursing home; the only non-widow is Dorothy; spawns Empty Nest (170 episodes from Oct. 8, 1988 to Apr. 29, 1995) (which airs directly after it), starring Richard Mulligan (1932-2002) as widowed Miami pediatrician Dr. Harry Weston, Dinah Beth Manoff (1958-) as eldest daughter (divorcee) Carol, and Christina Ann "Kristy" McNichol (1962-) as cop daughter Barbara; his dog's name is Dreyfuss. On Sept. 14 the animated series The Berenstain Bears debuts on CBS-TV for ? episodes (until Sept. 1, 1987), based on the children's books of Stan Berenstain and Jan Berenstain, about anthropomorphic grizzly bears. On Sept. 16 the U.S. Commerce Dept. announces that the U.S. now owes foreigners more than they owe it, making the U.S. a debtor nation for the first time since 1914, relying on foreign purchases of U.S. Treasury bonds and notes instead of taxation - under old man Reagan, suckahs? On Sept. 18 Protestant minister Benjamin Weir (1924-) rejoins his family in the U.S. after 16 mo. of captivity by Shiite militants, who continue to hold the remaining hostages until the U.S. meets their demands to obtain the release of 17 terrorists held in Kuwait. On Sept. 18 The Equalizer debuts on CBS-TV for 88 episodes (until Aug. 24, 1989), starring very British Jaguar-driving Edward Albert Arthur Woodward (1930-2009) as former secret agent Robert McCall, who atones for past sins by offering his services free in the New York City via a newspaper ad reading "Got a problem? Odds against you? Call the Equalizer." On Sept. 19 the C and SW areas of Mexico, incl. parts of Mexico City area are struck by the first (8.1) of two devastating earthquakes that together kill 20K and injure 30K; the 2nd quake hits on Sept. 21; a total of 6K bldgs. are flattened in Mexico City, and 250K become homeless; total damage exceeds $4B; on Sept. 20 the Hospital Juarez collapses, and only 13 babies are later rescued; Mexico suspends payments on its giant nat. debt. On Sept. 20 Spenser: For Hire, based on the Robert P. Parker novels debuts on ABC-TV for ? episodes (until May 8, 1988), starring Robert Michael Urich (1946-2002). On Sept. 22 top rock and country performers incl. Willie Nelson, Neil Young, and John Mellencamp appear in the 14-hour Farm Aid in Champaign, Ill. before 80K, raising $9M, after which Nelson and Mellencamp testify before Congress about the plight of family farmers, getting the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 passed. On Sept. 22 the French govt. is shaken by a scandal over the sinking of an anti-nuclear ship off New Zealand as defense minister Charles Herna resigns and intelligence agency chief Adm. Pierre Lacoste is dismissed. On Sept. 22 a school bus rolls over in Layyah, Pakistan, killing 30 children. On Sept. 23 Pres. Reagan responds to the news that the U.S. is now a debtor nation by announcing plans to open foreign markets to U.S. goods through export subsidies. On Sept. 24 the sitcom Growing Pains debuts on ABC-TV for 166 episodes (until Apr. 25, 1992), starring Joanna Kerns (1953-) as reporter Huntington, Long Island, N.Y. Margaret "Maggie" Katherine Malone Seaver, and Alan Willis Thicke (1947-2016) as her work-at-home pshrink hubby Jason Roland Seaver; in season 7 young heartthrob Leonardo DiCaprio (1974-) joins the cast as Luke Brower. On Sept. 25 the Royal Tyrell Museum of Paleontology in Alberta, Canada opens to the public. On Sept. 26 Shamu becomes the first killer whale to survive being born in captivity at Sea World in Orlando, Fla. On Sept. 27 after coming ashore in N.C. with 130 mph winds, Hurricane Gloria (Sept. 16-Oct. 2) heads up the Atlantic coast toward New England. On Sept. 28-29 after Jamaican immigrant Dorothy "Cherry" Groce is shot by police, the 1985 Brixton Riot in Lambeth, South London sees shops and cars looted and burned, killing one photojournalist and resulting in dozens of arrests. On Sept. 29 MacGyver debuts on ABC-TV for 139 episodes (until May 21, 1992), starring Richard Dean Anderson (1950-) as Swiss-knife-wielding secret agent Angus "Mac" MacGyver, and Dana Elcar as ?. On Sept. 30 four Soviet diplomats are abducted in West Beirut by the Islamic Liberation Org.; one of them is found slain on Oct. 2, and the Kremlin holds Israel indirectly responsible; the remaining three are released on Oct. 30. In Sept. the FDA lifts its voluntary 2-year moratorium on advertising prescription drugs to consumers. On Oct. 1 Adm. William James Crowe Jr. (1925-2007) becomes chmn. #11 of the U.S. Joint Chief of Staffs (until 1989), replacing Gen. John W. Vessey Jr. On Oct. 1 the Israeli Air Force bombs the PLO HQ in Tunis in retaliation for the slaying of three Israelis in Cyprus, killing 60; the White House backs down, calling it a "legitimate response" on Oct. 2, then changing that to "understandable". On Oct. 3 Space Shuttle Atlantis blasts off from Cape Canaveral with five military officers aboard on a secret mission; it returns safely on Oct. 7, having probably launched some secret comsats. On Oct. 3 Pierre-Marc Johnson (1946-) of Parti Quebecois becomes PM #24 of Quebec after Rene Levesque steps down; on Dec. 12 former PM (1970-6) Robert Bourassa (1933-96) of the Liberal Party becomes PM #25 (until Jan. 11, 1994). On Oct. 4 Islamic Jihad issues a statement claiming it has killed infidel U.S. hostage William Buckley. On Oct. 4 Donnie L. Cochran (1954-) becomes the first African-Am. assigned to the U.S. Navy's Blue Angels, becoming the cmdr. in 1994; he resigns on May 28, 1996 after citing personal training difficulties. On Oct. 6 150 people are buried by mud in a hillside shantytown at Ponce, Puerto Rico; on Oct. 9 Gov. Rafel Hernandez Colon declares it the "worst tragedy ever to strike the island"; on Oct. 9 5K mourn the dead as health officials seek to seal the valley floor. On Oct. 7 the U.S. announces that it will no longer automatically comply with World Court decisions, citing Nicaragua as abusing it for political ends. Cruise ships enter a new level as thrill rides? On Oct. 7 after intending to use the ship to slip into Israel, then getting caught by the crew cleaning their weapons, four Palestinian Liberation Front (PLF) gunmen hijack the Italian cruise ship MS Achille Lauro in the Mediterranean and demand the release of 50 Palestinians held by Israel, holding 413 people hostage for two days; on Oct. 8 wheelchair-bound Jewish-Am. appliance manufacturer Leon Klinghoffer (b. 1916) is shot to death while sitting in his wheelchair and thrown overboard; on Oct. 9 the ship docks in Port Said, Egypt, where the hijackers surrender, are coddled and released to the PLO after Hosni Mubarak makes a deal and lies that they already left Egypt; on Oct. 10 U.S. F-14 fighter jets under orders of Pres. Reagan force the Egyptian plane carrying them to Tunisia land in Italy, where they are captured; ringleader Muhammad Zaidan (1948-2004) (AKU Abu Abbas or Muhammad Abbas) is released on diplomatic immunity, then moves to Baghdad, where he is treated like a hero until he is captured on Apr. 15, 2003 at his Baghdad home after the fall of Saddam Hussein, and dies in custody on Mar. 8, 2004; the Achille Lauro burns and sinks in the Indian Ocean in 1994 - the world's come a long way in 10 years since Sakharov got the Nobel peace Prize? On Oct. 9-15 the Internat. Conference of the Assessment of the Role of Carbon Dioxide and of Other Greenhouse Gases in Climate Variations and Associated Impacts is held by the U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP), the Internat. Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), and the World Meteorological Org. (WMO) in Villach, Austria, led by Canadian climatologist Fredrick Kenneth Hare (1919-2002) and Swedish meteorologist Bert Rickard Johannes Bolin (1925-2007), and chaired by Canadian climatologist Gordon McBean, after which the U.N. Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases is founded by the U.N. Environment Programme, the World Meteorological Org. (WMO), and the Internat. Council of Scientific Unions, holding its last meeting in 1990 after being replaced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (founded 1988); to make sure that it wasn't completely controlled by global warming scientists, the Reagan admin. requires govt. reps to be on the panel, which ends up backfiring as it becomes a body of politicians ordering scientists what conclusions to reach? On Oct. 11 Arab-Am. activist Alex Odeh, dir. of the Am.-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee is killed by a bomb in his office in Santa Ana, Calif.; the Jewish Defense League is suspected. On Oct. 14 a first-time homer in Game 5 of the NL Championship Series by lefty SS Osborne Earl "Ozzie" "the Wizard of Oz" Smith (1954-) of the St. Louis Cardinals against the Los Angeles Dodgers keeps them alive; on Oct. 19-27 the Kansas City Royals (AL) defeat the St. Louis Cardinals (NL) 4-3 to win the Eighty-Second (82nd) "I-70 Showdown" "Show-Me" World Series; on Oct. 26 first base umpire Don Denkinger blows a call in the 9th inning of Game 6, helping the Royals; series MVP is Royals pitcher Bret William "Sabes" Saberhagen (1964-). On Oct. 15 two pipe bombs kill two Mormons, Steven Christensen and Kathy Sheets in Salt Lake City, Utah; on Oct. 15 another pipe bomb detonates in the parked car of Mark William Hoffman (1954-), who survives, after which it is found out he killed the other two, and was a forger who forged documents regarding the history of the Mormons; he receives a life sentence in prison. On Oct. 16 the Italian govt.'s actions regarding the Achille Lauro hijacking cause Italian PM Bettino Crusa to resign, and on Oct. 21 new Italian pres. #8 (since July 3) Francesco Cossiga (1928-2010) ("Corsica") (until Apr. 28, 1992) asks him to form a new govt. On Oct. 18 despite internat. appeals for clemency, ANC supporter Benjamin Moloise (b. 1955) is executed in South Africa for the 1982 murder of a security policeman, causing black riots in Johannesburg in which two white pigs are stabbed, one black man is shot by the pigs, and some whites get beaten - thanks for making one of my dreams come true? On Oct. 21 ex-city supervisor Daniel James "Dan" White (b. 1946), famous for his (classic gay?) Twinkie Defense commits suicide by carbon monoxide in his wife's car. On Oct. 21 (1:30 p.m.) a bus runs into stationary traffic at a construction site on the M6 Motorway between Preston and Lancaster, England, killing 13. On Oct. 24 U.S. Pres. (1981-9) Ronald Reagan delivers a speech to the 40th Session of the U.N. Gen. Assembly, with the soundbytes: "Thank you for the honor of permitting me to speak on this anniversary for the United Nations. Forty years ago, the world awoke daring to believe hatred's unyielding grip had finally been broken, daring to believe the torch of peace would be protected in liberty's firm grasp. Forty years ago, the world yearned to dream again innocent dreams, to believe in ideals with innocent trust. Dreams of trust are worthy, but in these 40 years too many dreams have been shattered, too many promises have been broken, too many lives have been lost. The painful truth is that the use of violence to take, to exercise, and to preserve power remains a persistent reality in much of the world"; "The vision of the U.N. Charter - to spare succeeding generations this scourge of war - remains real. It still stirs our soul and warms our hearts, but it also demands of us a realism that is rock hard, clear-eyed, steady, and sure - a realism that understands the nations of the United Nations are not united. I come before you this morning preoccupied with peace, with ensuring that the differences between some of us not be permitted to degenerate into open conflict, and I come offering for my own country a new commitment, a fresh start"; "On this U.N. anniversary, we acknowledge its successes: the decisive action during the Korean war, negotiation of the nonproliferation treaty, strong support for decolonization, and the laudable achievements by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Nor must we close our eyes to this organization's disappointments: its failure to deal with real security issues, the total inversion of morality in the infamous Zionism-is-racism resolution, the politicization of too many agencies, the misuse of too many resources. The U.N. is a political institution, and politics requires compromise. We recognize that, but let us remember from those first days, one guiding star was supposed to light our path toward the U.N. vision of peace and progress - a star of freedom." On Oct. 25 William F. Buckley Jr.'s National Review wins a pyrrhic victory when a jury finds that the Liberty Lobby had libeled it, but awards it only $1K in punitive and $1 in nominal damages; Bug-Eyed Buckley, er, Bug-Spray Buckley had sought a little more, $16M. On Oct. 25 Idris Abdul Wakil (1925-) becomes pres. #4 of Zanzibar (until Oct. 25, 1990). On Oct. 30 Space Shuttle Challenger takes off from Cape Canaveral with its largest crew ever, five Americans, two West Germans and a Dutchman, with a suite of scientific experiments aboard; it lands safely on Nov. 6; it is planned and directed by the Germans from a control center near Munich, becoming the first manned space flight managed by a country other than the U.S. or U.S.S.R.; future astronaut Christa McAuliffe witnesses the Oct. 30 launch - looks safe? On Oct. 30 Am. Brands is removed as a component of the Dow Jones; it began as Am. Tobacco in 1890. In Oct. Oxford-educated Scotland Yard commissioner Raymond Edward Kendall (1933-) becomes secy.-gen. of Interpol (until Oct. 2001), finally letting it go after political terrorists; by 1997 175+ countries join. On Nov. 2 Roman Catholics and Jews agree on a joint program "to overcome residues of indifference, resistance, and suspicion". On Nov. 3 Christian Dem. Mario Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo (1942-) is elected pres. of Guatemala, taking office next Jan. 14 (until Jan. 14, 1991); meanwhile the military continues its repression, forcing hundreds of thousands of Indians into civil defense patrols, and forcing 10% of the pop. into exile by the end of the decade. On Nov. 4 Maj. Alain Malfart (1951-) and Capt. Dominique Prieur (1949-) plead guilty to manslaughter charges in the death of a crewman on the Greenpeace flagship, causing the govt. to drop murder charges. On Nov. 4-Dec. 9 Edge of Darkness airs on BBC-TV, starring Bob Peck (1945-99) as policeman Ronald Craven, who tries to find the killer of his daughter Emma, played by Joanne Whalley (1964-); score by Eric Clapton and Michael Kamen. On Nov. 5 Julius Nyerere resigns after 21 years in power, and vice-pres. Ali Hassan Mwinyi (1925-) becomes pres. #2 of the United Repub. of Tanzania (until Nov. 23, 1995), going on to begin reversing Nyerere's Socialist policies while encouraging corruption and tax evasion that causes rampant inflation, becoming known as "Mzee Rukhsa" (Everything Goes). On Nov. 5 pres. (since Dec. 30, 1973) Spencer W. Kimball (b. 1895) dies, and on Nov. 10 rabid anti-Communist and Boy Scoutmaster Ezra Taft Benson (1899-1984) (U.S. secy. of agriculture #15 in 1953-61) becomes Mormon (LDS) pres. #13 (until May 30, 1994), challenging members to "flood the Earth with the Book of Mormon", selling a record 6M copies. On Nov. 6 in Colombia 35 leftist terrorists of the M-19 group seize the Palace of Justice in Bogota; when govt. forces storm the palace they kill all the hostages, incl. 11 Supreme Court judges. On Nov. 7 after his autobio. "The Sixteenth Round" is pub. in 1975, inspiring the 1975 Bob Dylan song "Hurricane", former middleweight boxer (1961-6) Rubin "Hurricane" Carter (1937-) is released from prison after 20 years for the June 1966 triple murder of three whites at a bar in Paterson, N.J. by federal district judge Haddon Lee Sarokin (1928-) for irregularities incl. racial prejudice and tainted evidence; many remain convinced of his guilt; in 1999 the film "The Hurricane" starring Denzel Washington is released. On Nov. 9 a surprise attack at a supermarket in Aaalst, Belgium kills eight. On Nov. 11 Princess Diana and Prince Charles attend a gala dinner at the White House, where she wears the midnight blue velvet Travolta Dress, designed by London-born "Master of the English Thoroughbred Look" Victor Edelstein (1946-), and is photographed dancing with John Travolta to the music from his On Nov. 12 the Unabomber mails a pipe bomb to U. of Mich. psychology prof. James V. McConnell 1925-90) in Ann Arbor, Mich, injuring two people three days later when the package is opened. On Nov. 13-14 23K in Armero, Colombia are killed when a mudslide triggered by the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano 85 mi. NW of Bogota buries the city under 30 ft. of mud; the town of Chinchina is also devastated; on Nov. 16 thousands flee from cascades of mud; the authorities had been warned and the mountain rumbled, but they told the people to remain calm? On Nov. 15 PM Margaret Thatcher of Britain and PM Garret FitzGerald of Ireland sign the Anglo-Irish Agreement (Accord), giving Dublin an official consultative role in governing Northern Ireland; the British House of Commons approves it on Nov. 27, followed by the Irish Senate on Nov. 28; too bad, on Dec. all 15 Unionist Protestant MPs resign in protest. On Nov. 18 the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes, by William Boyd "Bill" Watterson (1958-) begins appearing on UPS, about a mischievous blonde boy and his pet tiger Hobbes, who appears to most other people as a stuffed toy, and becomes super popular, appearing in up to 1.1K newspapers. On Nov. 19-21 Reagan and Gorbachev meet for the first time in Geneva for the first U.S.-Soviet summit in 6 years, and agree to step up arms negotiations and meet more regularly; too bad, Gorby fails to change Ronny's mind about implementing those *!?*! space-based American cowboy Star Wars defenses; on May 6 Soviet field marshal Sergei Leonidovich Sokolov (1911-2012) utters the soundbyte "American Star Wars research poses a greater hazard to peace than the atomic bomb." On Nov. 21 former U.S. Navy civilian intel analyst Jonathan Jay Pollard (1954-) is arrested outside the Israeli embassy and accused of spying for Israel; on Nov. 22 his wife Anne L. Henderson-Pollard is arrested for possessing classified documents; he is sentenced to life in prison on Mar. 4, 1987 after pleading guilty on June 4. On Nov. 23 retired CIA analyst Larry Wu-tai Chin (1922-86) is arrested and accused of spying for Red China over a 37-year career (since 1948); after proudly confessing to his massive treason, he commits suicide next Feb. 22 with a paper bag two weeks after his conviction on 17 counts; he tipped the Chinese govt. to Pres. Nixon's decision to reestablish diplomatic relations two years before he did it? On Nov. 23-24Egyptair Flight 648 (Boeing 737-200) carrying 89 passengers and six crew is hijacked en route from Athens to Cairo to Malta by Palestinian militant Omar Mohammed Ali Rezaq, a member of the Abu Nidal terrorist group; after 24 hours elapse and eight passengers are shot, Egyptian commandos under orders of Hosni Mubarak storm the plane, killing 54 passengers, two crew, and one hijacker; one hijacker survives by pretending to be an injured passenger, and is arrested in St. Luke's Gen. Hospital. On Nov. 26 Space Shuttle Atlantis STS-61-B blasts off at night from Cape Canaveral with seven astronauts; on Nov. 28 they celebrate Thanksgiving with a dinner of irradiated turkey and freeze-dried vegetables, and launch a satellite from the cargo bay before returning on Dec. 3 - Space Puritans? On Nov. 28 Sierre Leone dictator-pres. (since 1971) Siaka Probyn Stevens retires, and Maj. Gen. Joseph Saidu Momoh (1937-2003) becomes pres. #2 of Sierra Leone (until Apr. 29, 1992). On Nov. 29 the New York Times brings crack, a potent form of smokeable cocaine to nat. attention with the story of its er, penetration into inner city neighborhoods; the fact that CIA operatives help cocaine traffickers introduce large quantities of crack into poor urban U.S. neighborhoods to finance the Contra army starts to leak out. In Nov. in Peru Tupac Amartu Rev. Movement (MRTA) rebels led by Nestor Cerpa "Evaristo" Cartolini (1953-97) take over a Lima newspaper. In Nov. an attempted coup is put down by Liberian pres. Samuel K. Doe, and the coup leader, a former associate of Doe's is executed. In Nov. Ferdinand Marcos calls pres. elections in an effort to avert growing suspicion of a coverup in the Benigno Aquino assassination; meanwhile armed forces CIC Gen. Fabian Crisologo Ver (1920-98) (Marcos' #2 man) becomes the fall guy, but he is cleared by a court in Nov., causing cries of a coverup of a coverup. In Nov. the U.S. Congress changes the title of all Navy commodores to rear admiral - watched too much Star Trek? On Dec. 3 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules in Heath v. Ala. that the Double Jeopardy Clause of the 5th Amendment doesn't prohibit a state from prosecuting a person for an act for which he has already been convicted and sentenced in another state. On Dec. 4 Robert McFarland resigns as U.S. nat. security advisor, and Adm. John Marian Poindexter (1936-) succeeds him (until 1986). On Dec. 6 (Sun.) Freedom Sun. for Soviet Jews sees 250K gather on the Nat. Mall in Washington, D.C. to call for Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to extend his Glasnost policy to Soviet Jews and allow them to emigrate, becoming the largest Jewish rally in Washington, D.C. history (until ?). On Dec. 7 the Provisional IRA attacks the Ballygawley Barracks in County Tyrone, killing two Royal Ulster Constabulary police and destroying the barracks. On Dec. 11 a mail bomb from the Unabomber kills Sacramento computer rental store owner Hugh Scrutton, becoming his first fatality. On Dec. 11 G.E. agrees to purchase RCA and #1 NBC for $6.3B, becoming the biggest business acquisition in history outside the oil business. On Dec. 12 a chartered Arrow Air DC-8 crashes after takeoff from Gander, Newfoundland, killing all 256 aboard, incl. 248 U.S. soldiers of the 101st Airborne Div. who are going home for Christmas, and eight crew members. On Dec. 12 after the largest U.S. budget deficit in history, Pres. Reagan signs the U.S. Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, mandating congressional spending limits with the goal of eliminating the federal deficit by 1991; too bad, it doesn't work, causing the 1990 U.S. Budget Enforcement Act to be passed; it is sponsored by U.S. Sens. Ernest Frederick "Fritz" Hollings (1922-) (D-S.C.), Warren Bruce Rudman (1930-2012) (R-N.H.), and William Philip "Phil" Gramm (1942-) (R-Tex.). On Dec. 13 France sues the U.S. over the discovery of an AIDS serum. On Dec. 14 Wilma Mankiller (1946-) (full-blooded Cherokee father, Dutch-Irish mother) becomes the first woman to lead a major Am. Indian tribe as she takes office as principal chief of the Cherokee Nation of Okla., the 2nd-largest tribe in the U.S. (first is the Navajo Nation), with a pop. of 120K and capital in Tahlequah in NE Okla. On Dec. 14 Ismail La Beet hijacks an Am. Airlines DC-10 en route from St. Croix, Virgin Islands to New York City, landing in Havana and making a clean getaway. On Dec. 15 "Rocky" actor Sylvester Stallone (b. 1946) marries "Cobra" co-star Brigitte Nielson (b. 1963); too bad, after everybody tasks her for being a gold digger and she is virtually blacklisted as an actress, they bitterly divorce after 19 mo. in July 1987 before/after she has an affair with Tony Scott; she goes on to have five hubbies and four sons along with affairs with Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sean Penn. On Dec. 16 6'2" 270 lb. Gambino crime family don (since 1976) Constantino Paul "Big Paul" "Pope" "Chicken Man" Castellano (b. 1915), "the Howard Hughes of the Mob" is murdered in front of Sparks Steak House on E. 46th St. in Manhattan along with his driver Thomas Bilotti while on trial with nine others for auto theft conspiracy under orders of underboss John Joseph Gotti Jr. (1940-2002), who seizes power, becoming known as "the Dapper Don"; the hit man was Salvatore "Sammy the Bull" Gravano? On Dec. 21 a Sao Paulo-Rideo de Janeiro Cometa Transport bus runs off the road into the Guandu River outside Pirai, Rio, Brazil, killing 22. On Dec. 23 18-y.-o. Ray Belknap (b. 1967) and 20-y.-o. James Vance (b. 1965) of Reno, Nev. get drunk then shoot themselves with a 12-gauge shotgun in a playground at a Lutheran church; Belknap dies, and Vance survives with a severely disfigured face, dying three years later of an OD of painkillers, after which their parents sue the heavy metal group Judas Priest, alleging that their song "Better By You, Better Than Me" from the album "Stained Class" contains the subliminal message "Do It", and caused them to try suicide; the suit is dismissed. On Dec. 25-29 Mali and Burkina Faso fight a brief border war. On Dec. 26 Am. gorilla zoologist Dian Fossey (b. 1932) is found brutally murdered by a machete in her cabin, spawning the 1988 film "Gorillas in the Mist" starring Sigourney Weaver; Protais Zigiranyirazo AKA Mr. Z is convicted in 2008 of her murder, but the conviction is overturned on Nov. 17, 2009. On Dec. 27 (08:15 GMT) the Abu Nidal Org. (ANO) stages simultaneous attacks on El Al ticket counters at the Rome and Vienna airports, killing 18 and wounding 120, with the four gunmen doped up on amphetamines, four of which are killed and three of which are captured and one also wounded. On Dec. 31 Carter-era U.S. federal tax credits for installing solar heating in homes end. On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at a record high of 1,546.67 (vs. 1,211.57 at the end of 1984). On Dec. 31 "Garden Party" singer (born in Teaneck, N.J.) Ricky Nelson (b. 1940) (a sexual athlete who admitted to sex with thousands of women), his fiancee and five others are killed when fire breaks out aboard his private DC-3 en route from Los Angeles to a New Year's Eve performance in Dallas, Tex. at the Park Suite Hotel, causing allegations that it started when they were freebasing cocaine, but was later traced to a faulty gasoline cabin heater - hello Mary Lou how about that garden party? Venezuelan pres. Jaime Lusinchi reaches a debt-rescheduling agreement with Venezuela's creditors for its $21B debt. In 1985 Zimbabwe has a good harvest this year and can feed itself, helped by the murder of 20K since 1982 via ethnic cleansing; Pres. Mugabe's ZANU-PF increases its majority in the Assembly but does not win the 70 seats he needs to cement 1-party rule; after the election Mugabe cracks down on Joshua Nkomo's ZAPU Popular Front. Angola and Zaire sign bilateral agreements aimed at improved relations, incl. an agreement not to support rebels in each other's country. The Maoist New People's Army (NPA) steps up guerrilla activity in the Philippines, and internal party purges in Mindanao kill 1K members. Mikhail Gorbachev brings Boris N. Yeltsin (b. 1931) to Moscow. On ? Pope John Paul II visits Morocco, and issues his first major plea for Christian-Muslim solidarity against secular materialism. Reports reveal that British Prince Philip's brother-in-law Prince Christoph of Hesse was a senior SS officer and close aide of Gestapo chief Heinrich Himmler. The price of a first-class postage stamp in the U.S. rises to 22 cents. Citibank introduces Direct Access, linking them with PCs in homes and offices; in 1986 they introduce unique touch-screen ATMs in New York City and Hong Kong. A Reagan admin. staff member coins the term Starve the Beast to refer to cutting govt. spending by lowering taxes. The 1985 Austrian Wine Scandal sees some Austrian wineries caught adultering their products with diethylene glycol (antifreeze) to make them sweeter and more full-bodied after some are shipped to German bottling facilities and caught by chemists; the scandal collapses the Austrian wine industry, and they recover over the next decade by staying away from sweet wines. Mohamed Abdel Moneim Al-Fayed (1933-) and his brother Ali Al-Fayed (1944-) purchase Harrods Dept. Store in Knightsbridge, London. After Omaha-based InterNorth buys his co. Houston Natural Gas on May 2 for $2.26B, Kenneth Lee "Ken" Lay (1942-2006) becomes CEO of Houston InterNorth, which changes its name to Enron and becomes the largest integrated U.S. natural gas and electricity co., controlling 11% of all U.S. natural gas, with 37K mi. of pipeline; too bad, he uses his Wall St. connections to turn energy supplies into financial instruments called derivatives, and diversifies into financial services, the Internet et al., creating a loser that gets into cooking its books followed by a giant scandal. The first annual Jesus Seminar, founded by Am. Bible scholar Robert W. Funk (1926-2005) (who claims that "Matthew, Mark, Luke and John 'marketed the Messiah' to make him conform to Christian doctrine that evolved after the death of Jesus", and that God is not appeased by blood sacrifice anyway) is held by scholars who cast ballots on each saying attributed to Jesus in the Gospels; red means that it was actually made by him, pink means he might have made it, gray means he didn't make it, but it might be close to one he made, and black means thumbs down; they end up casting black ballots for 82% of the words of Jesus in the Gospels, and only 16% red; noted members incl. Irish New Testament scholar John Dominic Crossan (1934-), Am. New Testament scholar (skeptic of Jesus' historical existence) Robert McNair Price (1954-), and English historian of religion Karen Armstrong (1944-), who in 2000 pub. the book The Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; "Jesus did not ask us to believe that his death was a blood sacrifice, that he was going to die for our sins." (Robert W. Funk) Mad cow disease (BSE or bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is first spotted in English cows. Speaking of English cows? Madonna (Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone) (1958-) reaches the top of pop stardom with her road show, the well-misnamed Virgin Tour; the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) is founded by "Washington wives" Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Gore (1948-) and three other women unappreciative of Madonna and other singers, spurring Senate hearings (which incl. Tipper's husband Sen. Al Gore), causing the music industry's RIAA to agree on Nov. 1 on the need for labeling of lyrics, which become known as Tipper's Stickers. GLAAD (Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation) is founded in New York City by Vito Russo (1946-2011), Jewell Gomez (1948-), and Gregory Kolovakos; in Mar. 2013 it drops the title and just uses the acronym. Cleveland, Ohio-born black beauty (class pres., prom queen, high school newspaper ed.) Halle Berry (1966-) wins the Miss America Pageant for Ohio, and next year is runner-up in the Miss USA Pageant, telling the audience she wants to become an entertainer, then begins a modeling career, which leads to a part in a TV series, and more - a Bond girl one day? Colo. passes the Home Owners Protection Act, AKA the "Make My Day" Law, permitting the use of deadly force on intruders into a domicile with virtually no liability. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Admin. designates many border patrol agents of the INS as primary DEA agents. Steven Jobs leaves Apple Computer Corp. after losing control over the Macintosh div. to Jean-Louis Gassee (Gassée) (1944-) (appointed by John Sculley) (until 1990). Nintendo Co. of Japan launches its first home video game console in the U.S, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) - billions served? William F. Von Meister (1942-95) of Control Video Corp. and Honololu-born Procter & Gamble marketing exec (former Pizza Hut mgr.) Stephen McConnell "Steve" Case (1958-) found Quantum Computer Services, the predecessor to America Online (AOL), which goes on to pioneer home dial-up Internet service until the rise of broadband causes it to decline; in Jan. 2000 it merges with Time Warner, spinning off in 2009; in Sept. 1993 Eternal Sept. sees AOL begin offering Usenet access to it users, swamping the college crowd as AOL begins mailing free trial CDs, swamping the market and helping it pass GEnie and Prodigy by the mid-1990s; on June 23, 2015 it is acquired by Verizon Communications for $4.4B. Jewish-Am. investor Ronald "Ron" Perelman (1943-), known for his brilliant greenmailing makes a giant boo-boo and buys Revlon Corp. for a whopping $58 a share, then is unable to sell it off, ending up riding it down to $1.20 a share by 2007; meanwhile he makes up for the losses by going into biz with Gerald Ford and buying First Texas Bank during the S&L Crisis of 1988. E.F. Hutton & Co. (founded 1904), known for its ad slogan "When E.F. Hutton talks, people listen" is caught laundering $25.4M for an Italian crime syndicate that smuggled 750 kilos ($1.6B) of heroin into the U.S., and co. pres. Scott Pierce II (1930-) pleads guilty to 2K counts of fraud, after which E.F. Hutton goes bankrupt; too bad, Pierce is a brother-in-law of future pres. George H.W. Bush (brother of Barbara Bush), and never goes to jail, claiming the co. pled guilty, not him. The Grim Sleeper serial killer kills at least 11 from this year until 1988, then takes a hiatus to 2002; on July 7, 2010 Lonnie David Franklin Jr. (1953-) is charged after his DNA is traced via his son's DNA, a first. EMILY's List (Early Money Is Lke Yeast - it helps to raise the dough), a U.S. PAC for helping elect progressive Dem. female candidates is founded by IBM heiress Emily Ellen Malcolm (1947-). Avg. U.S. TV viewing peaks at 7 hours 10 min. per day. Comedians Cheech Marin and Tommy Chong break up. Singer Diana Ross meets Norwegian shipping magnate Arne Naess Jr. (1938-2004) in May, and marries him in Oct. Pay-per-view channels are first offered in the U.S. The first annual $50K Whiting Awards, presented to 10 emerging Am. writers by the Mrs. Giles Whiting Foundation are awarded to to Raymond Abbott, Stuart Dybek, Wright Morris, Howard Norman, James Robison, and Austin Wright for fiction, and Douglas Case, Jorie Graham, Linda Gregg, and James Schuyler for poetry. Looking for something? Gay French designer Jean-Paul Gaultier (1952-) introduces man-skirts on the Paris runways, causing him to become known as the enfante terrible of French fashion, designing Madonna's cone bra for her 1990 Blonde Ambition Tour; Brad Pitt models for Joe Boxer, which introduces underwear worn on the outside, the first bikini brief for men, and a pair of boxers with a raccoon tail. Calvin Klein introduces the Obsession fragrance line with sexy photos by Bruce Weber. Paula Dorf piles black eyeliner on entertainers Boy George, Bonnie Raitt (1949-), Stevie Nicks (1948-), Kiss and the Bangles using art supply paintbrushes. Big, messy, teased "bedroom" hair is in this year, along with "freeze-hold" hairsprays and one-color hair treatments. Ebony Man monthly mag. is founded by Ebony pub. John H. Johnson of Chicago (until ?). The Texas Dept. of Transportation creates the first Adopt-a-Highway program in the U.S. Mexico opens the Museum of Drugs in Mexico City; it's only open to govt. officials - see what bribery will do? Burger King spends zillions on its disastrous "Where's Herb?" Ad Campaign. The Arab Am. Inst. in Washington, D.C.is founded by James J. Zogby (1945-), who was born to Lebanese Marionite Catholics. Future U.S. pres. Barack Obama, who works as a community organizer on the depressed South Side of Chicago, Ill. begins attending services at the black "mega-church" Trinity United Church of Christ, run (since 1972) by Philly-born Rev. Jeremiah Alvesta "Jerry" Wright Jr. (1941-), a former Muslim and black nationalist, who goes for the black liberation theology of Rev. James Hal Cone (1938-), and who baptizes Obama in 1988, later giving a sermon carrying the soundbyte "the audacity of hope", which Obama adopts for a book title. Brazilian Franciscan liberation theologian Leonardo Boff (1938-), known for supporting Communism and homosexuality while trying to help the poor and downtrodden is silenced for a year for his 1981 book Charism and Power by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, headed by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, whom he calls a "religious terrorist"; he later quits the priesthood to become a professor, and toys with ideas about democratizing the Church, then stinks himself up by calling 9/11 "a new planetary and humanistic paradigm"? Discovery Channel debuts on cable TV in June. White blue-eyed TV Mexican journalist Jorge Ramos (1958-) joins Univision, Telemundo, Fox Sports, ESPN Deportes et al., becoming a superstar living in the U.S. sans citizenship while promoting a bicultural U.S. (until ?); his English has a thick accent, but he prefers Spanish anyway. Avg. Italian wine consumption in Italy slides to 82 liters, down from 110 in 1972. Elle mag. (founded 1945) introduces U.S. and U.K. versions. Nancy Reagan gives a dinner for Prince Charles and Princess Di, who dances with John Travolta. Am. actress Jodie Foster (1963-) graduates from Yale U. with honors. The first 50M yen Japan Prize for outstanding achievements in science and tech is awarded. Architecture prof. Nicholas Negroponte (1943-) founds the Media Lab at MIT to research ways to use computers in human communication. Thomson Group of Toronto, Canada acquires Gale Research Co. of Detroit, Mich. The U.S.-based Guerrilla Girls feminist art collective begins holding protest-like exhibitions in public places and big name galleries and museums to protest racial, ethnic, gender inequality and other injustices. By this year only 16 Calif. condors (America's largest flying land bird) remain alive; rescue efforts begin, and by 1991 they are bred up to 52 by the San Diego Wild Animal Park and the Los Angeles Zoo. Procter & Gamble retires its 1851 Stars and Moon Logo after rumors that the feared Millennium Fever code "666" can be traced in the star pattern. While serving as Ark. gov. and doing it in the bushes with black hookers on jogging trips, Bill Clinton allegedly sires son Danny Williams with cocaine-addicted black Little Rock hooker Bobbie Ann Williams, then disowns him, but never permits a DNA test (until ?); Bill also allegedly does it with black Miss Arkansas (1981) Orean Lencola Sullivan (1957-). Americans for Tax Reform is founded by conservative activist Grover Glenn Norquist (1956-) at the request of Pres. Reagan to work to reduce the percentage of the GDP consumed by the govt., with the slogan that it "opposes all tax increases as a matter of principle" via Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR) legislation, transparency initiatives et al.; Norquist goes on to secure early support for pres. nomination of George W. Bush, and to utter the soundbyte "I don't want to abolish government. I simply want to reduce it to the size where I can drag it into the bathroom and drown it in the bathtub." The Am. Historical Assoc. (AHA) establishes the James Henry Breasted Prize for the best book in English covering the period of history prior to 1000 C.E. The Wall Street Journal, whose slogan since 1934 has been "The newspaper for the investor" starts an ad campaign with the slogan "The daily diary of the American Dream". The Oxford Review of Economic Policy begins pub. (until ?). Mac-User mag. begins pub. in London by publisher Felix Dennis (1947-); in 1997 he sells it to Ziff-Davis for $26M. The Internat. Bluegrass Music Assoc. (IBMA) is founded in Owensboro, Ky.; in 1988 it establishes the Internat. Bluegrass Music Museum; in 1990 it establishes the annual World of Bluegrass, which moves to Louisville, Ky. in 1997, Nashville, Ky. in 2005-12, and Raleigh, N.C. in 2013; in 1991 it establishes the Internat. Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor. Am. journalist Jeff Greenfield (1943-) wins a Pulitzer Prize for his reporting from South Africa, and repeats in 1990. After moving from N Calif. to Naitauba Island in Fiji in 1983, Queens, N.Y.-born guru Adi Da (Franklin Albert Jones) (1939-2008) is accused of running an abusive personality cult, which doesn't stop him from running his org. of followers called Adidam (Dawn Horse Communion), which survives his death. The Islamic charity Jama'at-ud-Da'wah is founded in Lahore, Pakistan by Hafiz Muhammad Saeed (1950-), becoming a front for his Islamic terrorist group Lashkar-e-Taiba (founded 1990), which is declared a terrorist org. by the U.S. in Dec. 2008 after the 2008 Mumbai Attacks. The U.S. Secret Service confiscates boxes of San Francisco-based Joe Boxer brand male underwear that contain silk-screened images of $100 bills; in 1988 Joe Boxer markets the first glow-in-the-dark underwear, reading "No No No" in the light and "Yes Yes Yes" in the dark. WMMQ-AM in Charlotte, Mich. becomes the first classic rock station, spawning a ton of copycats. The computer educational geography game for children Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? by Lauren Elliott and former Disney animator Raymond Eugene Portwood Jr. (1934-2000) is introduced by Broderbund Software, selling 6.5M copies by the end of the cent. The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize is founded in Germany to recognize "exceptional scientists and academics for their outstanding achivements in the field of research". After being laid-off from Boeing Co., engineer-yoga instructor John David McAfee (1945-) founds McAfee Software to produce anti-virus software for PCs; he sells out for $100M in 1995 after buying a mansion in Woodland Park, Colo. near Pike's Peak; by 2010 his fortune is down to $4M because of the bad economy. Australian news mogul Rupert Murdoch buys 20th Century Fox Film Corp. from Marvin Davis for a reported $325M profit. Robert Y. Greenberg (1940-) of L.A. Gear (founded 1979) begins selling athletic shoes as fashion items for women; his sales rocket from $11M this year to $224M in 1988, becoming #3 behind Nike and Reebok; meanwhile in Sept. Reebok agrees to buy walking shoe manufacturer Rockport for $118M, causing its sales to reach $370M. People mag. names Mel Gibson as its first Sexiest Man Alive, followed by Mark Harmon in 1986, Harry Hamlin in 1987, John F. Kennedy Jr. in 1988, Sean Connery in 1989, Tom Cruise in 1990, Patrick Swayze in 1991, Nick Nolte in 1992, Brad Pitt in 1995 and 2000, Richard Gere in 1999, George Clooney in 1997 and 2006, and Johnny Depp in 2003 and 2009. The Fry Art Gallery in Saffron Walden, Essex, England is founded, collecting mainly local artists. The Noguchi Museum in Long Island City, N.Y. is founded by sculptor Isamu Noguchi (1904-88). The Groucho Club lit. club is founded in London, England. Ford Motor Co. introduces the fuel-efficient front-wheel drive Euro-styled Ford Taurus f or the 1986 model year, their first car nearly up to Japanese production quality standards, which cost $3B to develop and saves the co. from disaster; discontinued in 2006, then reintroduced in 2007 (until ?). God's Love We Deliver is founded by Ganga and Jane Stone to give free means to homebound AIDS victims and their families in New York City and Hudson County, N.J., growing to serve 2.4K a day by the end of the cent. R.J. Reynolds acquires Nabisco Brands for $4.9B and becomes RJR Nabisco. Philip Morris acquires Gen. Foods for $5.7B, becoming the largest U.S. consumer products co. Aspen, Colo. becomes the world's first city to ban smoking in restaurants. The first Rock am Ring and Rock im Park festivals are held in Nurburgring and Nuremberg, Germany, respectively, becoming the largest music festivals in Germany, with 150K attendance in 2007. Sports: On Feb. 15 the Karpov-Kasparov World Chess Championship match between Soviet world chess champ (since 1975) Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (1951-) and 22-y.-o. Azerbaijani challenger Garry Kimovich Kasparov (1963-) is aborted by pro-Karpov FIDE pres. Compomanes with the score of Karpov 25, Kasparov 23 in a cheap trick to stop Kasparov; on Sept. 2 they resume, and on Nov. 9 Kasparov wins with a match score of 13-11, becoming world chess champ #13 (youngest until?) (until Nov. 2, 2000 - 225 mo.), vowing to take revenge on the "Chess Mafia", leading to setting up the rival Prof. Chess Assoc. in 1993. On Feb. 17 the 1985 (27th) Daytona 500 is won by William Clyde "Awesome Bill" "Million Dollar Bill" Elliott (1955-) On Mar. 3 Kevin Edward McHale (1957-) sets a Boston Celtics scoring record with 56 points in a 138-129 win over the Detroit Pistons, passing Larry Bird (1956-), who comes back on May 8 to score a playoff high 43 points in a 130-123 win over the Pistons - proving that white men can still jump in the NBA? On Mar. 5 5'5" Mount Pleasant, Tex.-born Norm Duke (1964-) wins the PBA Cleveland Open in Ohio after defeating Earl Anthony, Steve Cox et al., becoming the youngest PBA champion so far at 18 years 345 days; he doesn't win another title until 1991. On Mar. 20 Libby Riddles (1956-) becomes the 1st woman to win the Iditarod Dog Sled Race in Alaska, finishing three hours ahead of runner-up Susan Butcher, who lost the lead when a moose killed two of her dogs and injured 13 others. On Apr. 29 Tony "TNT" Tubbs (1958-) outpoints Greg Page in 15 rounds in Buffalo, N.Y. to win the WBA heavyweight boxing title (until 1986), then on Sept. 21 in Las Vegas, Nev. Michael "Jinx" Spinks (1956-) outpoints Larry Holmes in 15 rounds to win the IBF heavyweight boxing title (until 1987). On May 13 Carlton Ernest "Pudge" Fiske (1947-) of the Boston Red Sox becomes the 5th ML catcher to steal 100 bases - still runnin' against the wind? On May 16 Michael Jeffrey "Air" Jordan (1963-), #23 of the Chicago Bulls wins the NBA Rookie of the Year award - uh-oh, spoke too soon? On May 21-30 the 1985 Stanley Cup Finals see the defending champion Edmonton Oilers (3rd straight Finals appearance) defeat the Philadelphia Flyers, becoming their 2nd win; MVP is Wayne Gretzky. On May 22 Peter Edward "Pete" Rose Sr. (1941-) of the Cincinnati Reds passes Hank Aaron as the NL run-scoring leader with 2,108, then ties Ty Cobb's career record of 4,191 career hits on Sept. 8 during a game against the Cubs in Chicago; on Sept. 11 he gets #4,192 off Eric Show of the San Diego Padres; it only took 14,053 at-bats; on July 11 Lynn Nolan Ryan Jr. (1947-) of the Houston Astros becomes the first ML pitcher to strike out 4,000 batters as he puts away former Astros player Danny Heep of the New York Mets; both Ryan and Bob Gibson struck out Cesar Geronimo as their 3,000th; on Aug. 4 Tom Seaver of the Chicago White Sox gains his 300th victory, and Rod Carew of the Calif. Angels gets his 3,000th hit. On May 27-June 9 the 1985 NBA Finals sees the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Pat Riley) defeat the Boston Celtics (coach K.C. Jones) by 4-2; MVP is Kareem Abdul-Jabbar of the Lakers; Game 1 AKA the Memorial Day Massacre sees Boston defeat the Lakers by 148-114 after small forward Scott Wedman comes off the bench and hits all 11 of his shots incl. four 3-pointers, scoring 26 points total. On June 18 the 1985 NBA Draft sees 23 teams select 162 players in seven rounds (reduced from 10); after winning the first-ever NBA Draft Lottery on May 12, the New York Knicks select 7'0" Jamaican-born center Patrick Aloysius Ewing Sr. (1962-) (#33) of Georgetown U. #1 overall (until 2000), who goes on to win rookie of the year and become an 11x all-star; 6'9" Ft. Worth, Tex.-born Oklahoma U. junior Wayman Lawrence Tisdale (1964-2009) (center-forward) is selected #2 overall by the Indiana Pacers (#23), switching to the Sacramento Kings in 1989-94 and hooking up with Mitch "the Rock" Richmond in 1991, retiring in 1997 to become a smooth jazz bass guitarist; Christopher Paul "Chris" Mullin (1963-) of St. John's U. is selected #7 overall by the Golden State Warriors (#17), going on to become part of the Run TMC Trio incl. Tim Hardaway and Mitch Richmond; On July 16 Stephen "Steve" Cram (1960-) of England runs the 1.5km in a record 3:29:67 in Nice, France, then runs the mile in a record 3:46:32 on July 27 in Oslo, then runs the 2K meters in a record 4:51:39 on Aug. 4 in Budapest. On Oct. 6 JPBL player Ken Taniguchi of Osaka, Japan becomes the first Japanese bowler to win a PBA Tour event, the Japan Cup in Tokyo, Japan. 6'10" German-born forward Detlef Schremp (1963-) of Washington U. is selected #8 overall by the Dallas Mavericks (#32), switching to the Indiana Pacers (#11) (1989-93), Seattle SuperSonics (#12) (1993-9), and Portland Trail Blazers (1999-2001); 6'9" Cleveland, Ohio-born power forward (great rebounder) Charles Oakley (1963-) of Virginia Union U. is selected #9 overall by the Chicago Bulls (#34), protecting Michael Jordan as his "cop" until 1988, when he is traded to the New York Knicks (#33) (until 1998), followed by the Toronto Raptors (1998-2001), Chicago Bulls (2001-2), Washington Wizards (2002-3), and Houston Rockets (2004); 6'9" Summerfield, La.-born power forward Karl Anthony "the Mailman" Malone (1963-) of Louisiana Tech U. is selected #13 overall by the Utah Jazz (#32) (until 2003), going on to appear in the playoffs every season in his career incl. the 1997 and 1998 NBA Finals before switching to the Los Angels Lakers (#11) in 2003-4, playing his 3rd Finals in 2004, racking up the most career postseason losses of any NBA player (95) (until ?); 6'3" Shreveport, La.-born guard Joe Dumars III (1963-) of McNeese State U. is selected #18 overall by the Detroit Pistons (#4), combining with Isiah Thomas to form one of the best backcourts in NBA history; 7'3" Lithuanian-born center Arvydas Romas Sabonis (1964-) of the prof. Zalgiris Kaunas team (1981-9) is selected #77 overall by the Atlanta Hawks, but their selection is voided because he's under 21; next year he is selected #24 by the Portland Trail Blazers, but is not allowed to play by the Soviet govt. until 1989, by which time he is suffering from an Achilles tendon and other injuries while helping the Soviet Union defeat the U.S. team in the 1988 Summer Olympics; he ends up signing with the Portland Trail Blazers (#11) in 1995-2001, becoming known as a 7'3" Larry Bird (Bill Walton), being named to the basketball hall of fame on Aug. 12, 2011 as the tallest player until 7'4" Ralph Sampson in 2012. On Oct. 25 the Sacramento Kings play their first regular season game after moving from Kansas City, Mo., losing 108-104 to the Los Angeles Clippers. On Nov. 18 (Monday Night Football) Washington Redskins QB (since 1974) (#7) Joseph Robert "Joe" Theismann (1949-) suffers "The Hit That No One Who Saw It Can Ever Forget" when a flea-flicker play goes wrong in 5 sec. and New York Giants left tackle Lawrence Taylor sacks him, causing his right leg to snap so that everybody can see, ending his career and making left tackles the #2 highest-paid players in the NFL after QBs. On Dec. 2 to celebrate its 500th regular season game on Nov. 11, causing them to ask fans to vote for their favorite game, who picked the Oct. 23, 2000 Jets comeback over the Dolphins, Monday Night Football airs its highest rated game (60M viewers) as the 13-0 Chicago Bears and their "46" defense are swamped and defeated 38-24 by the Miami Dolphins, led by QB Dan Marino in the Orange Bowl in Miami, Fla. Late in this decade the obstacle course sport of Parkour is developed in France by Raymond Belle (1939-) and his son David Belle (1973-), AKA the Yamakasi. Big year for Czechs in tennis? 17-y.-o. Boris Franz Becker (1967-) of West Germany wins the men's singles title at Wimbledon (youngest until ?), and Martina Navratilova of Czech. wins the women's singles title; Ivan Lendl (1960-) of Czech. wins the U.S. Open men's singles title, and Hana Mandlikova (1962-) of Czech. wins the women's singles title, becoming the first since Tracy Austin to beat Chris Evert and Martina Navratilova in the same tournament; next year Lendl finishes in 1st place 9x and 2nd place 3x in his 15 singles tournaments. After playing on the 1984 gold medal women's Olympic basketball team, Wichita, Kan.-born Lynette Woodard (1959-) becomes the first woman to play with the Harlem Globetrotters, going on to play for the WNBA Cleveland Rockers in 1997 and the Detroit Shock in 1998. Italian-born Luigi "Geno" Auriemma (1954-) becomes head coach of the U. of Conn. Huskies women's basketball team, which has only one winning season so far, turning it around and winning 10 NCAA Div. 1 nat. championships by 2015, becoming head coach of the U.S. women's nat. basketball team in 2009-14, winning the 2010 and 2014 world championships and the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. The United States Basketball League (USBL) is founded as a spring-summer league for aspiring NBA players; the Rhode Island Gulls go on to produce NBA stars Manute Bol, Spud Webb, John "Hot Rod" Williams, and Muggsy Bogues; it folds after the 2007 season. N.C.-born Vincent Kennedy "Vince" McMahon (1945-) launches the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) prof. wrestling league, which uses every glitzy hi-tech entertainment device in the book to compete with the old cheap-sleaze era Am. Wrestling Assoc. of Verne Gagne (1926-), soon forcing them out of business in 1991; Hulk Hogan (1953-) and Mister T (1952-) headline the first Wrestlemania Main Event; Hogan defeated Tehran, Iran-born Hossein Khosrow Ali Vaziri "The Iron Sheik" (1942-) in 1983 to win his first WWF title; Andre the Giant (1946-93) and King Kong Bundy (1957-) are other big WWE stars. In the mid-1980s Rod Roddewig stays at the playboy penthouse of Wilt Chamberlain in Honolulu, and uses a Daytimer to clock him bedding 23 women in 10 days, using the number to calculate that he must have slept with 20K women since age 15, creating a legend; in 1999 he utters the soundbyte: “With all of you men out there who think that having a thousand different ladies is pretty cool, I have learned in my life I've found out that having one woman a thousand different times is much more satisfying." Nobel Prizes: Peace: Internat. Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (Boston); Lit.: Claude Simon (1913-2005) (France); Physics: Klaus von Klitzing (1943-) (Germany) [integer quantum Hall Effect]; Chem.: Herbert Aaron Hauptman (1917-2011) and Jerome Karle (Karfunkel) (1918-) (U.S.) [X-Ray crystallography]; Med.: Michael Stuart Brown (1941-) and Joseph L. Goldstein (1940-) (U.S.) [regulation of cholesterol metabolism]; Econ.: Franco Modigliani (1918-2003) (U.S.) [household savers]. Inventions: In Jan. the top-level domain names .com, .org, .edu, .gov et al. are introduced into the fledgling Internet; Symbolic.com (think.com) becomes the first registered dot-com domain. On Feb. 12 Carmela Vitale of Dix Hills, N.Y. is issued a patent for the package saver, the circular thingie that keeps a pizza from hitting the inside of the delivery box - and vitally carmelizing? In Feb. Minolta markets the world's first autofocus SLR camera, the Alpha 7000. On Mar. 15 Symbolics.com becomes the first registered Internet domain name. Avicom introduces the first audio player system to airline passengers, based on Philips tape cassette technology; CRT-based displays begin to appear over airline aisles; in 1988 Airvision introduces the first in-seat audio/video on-demand systems using 2.7 in. LCD technology for Northwest Airlines' Boeing 747 fleet; overwhelming positive passenger reaction causes it to completely replace CRT technology. On Sept. 5 Gateway Computers is founded near Sioux City, Iowa by Theodore "Ted" Waitt (1963-) in a barn on his father's cattle ranch to compete with Dell Computer, becoming #2 after them in direct PC sales; starting in 1991 their shipping packages have a distinctive black-white Holstein cow pattern. In Oct. Intel introduces the 32-bit 275K-transistor 5 MIPS 80386 microprocessor, which is upward compatible with 16-bit x86 processors; it continues production until Sept. 2007. On Nov. 25 Microsoft announces the retail shipment of the hopelessly clunky 16-bit Windows 1.01, its first attempt at a multi-tasking graphical user interface (GUI) operating environment for the PC; Microsoft also releases its Excel spreadsheet program to challenge Lotus 1-2-3, featuring user-selectable fonts and cell design along with intelligent cell recomputation using Visual Basic for Applications and extensive graphing capabilities; too bad, it only works on Apple Macintosh until Nov. 1987, but Lotus is slow to release a Windows version, allowing Microsoft to crush them. Michael Cowpland (1943-) of Canada founds Corel Corp. (Cowpland Research Lab.), which in 1989 releases the CorelDRAW graphics program, which becomes the industry standard in desktop publishing; in 1996 they acquire WordPerfect. The Eiffel object-oriented programming language is introduced by Bertrand Meyer (1950-) of France. Sony introduces the JumboTron large-screen TV at the Expo '85 World's Far in Tsukuba, Japan. Apple Computer introduces the LaserWriter desktop publishing laser printer, which uses Adobe Systems' PostScript programming language and can be used with Aldus Corp.'s PageMaker program to produce prof. quality newsletters etc., helping launch the desktop publishing rev. Seymour Roger Cray (1925-96) of the U.S. develops the 1.9 GFLOPS Cray 2 vector supercomputer, becoming the world's fastest computer (until 1990); in 1989 Cray founds Cray Computing Corp., which goes bankrupt in 1995. Hitachi of Japan beats the U.S. electronics industry again by introducing the CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory). Hank Magnuski invents GammaFax, the first PC fax board. Sofsite Contact Lens Lab. in the U.S. invents the first soft bifocal contact lens. Robots are first used for brain surgery at Long Beach Memorial Hospital in Calif. Optonics of England invents the image digitizer. A team led by Terje A. Skotheim at the Brookhaven Nat. Lab invents the Polymer Electric Conductor. Toshiba introduces the first "transportable computer" (laptop or notebook PC), the T1100, featuring a 4.77 Mhz Intel 80C88 processor, a 3.5 in. 720KB floppy disk, 512KB of RAM, and optional 14.4 kpbs modem; it weighs 9 lbs. and retails for $4K. Aldus PageMaker, the first Desktop Publishing Software is introduced, making it affordable in the U.S. and Europe. Teddy Ruxpin, created by Ken Forsse (1936-) becomes the world's first talking animatronics toy, coming with toys and books which he reads with moving eyes and mouth, with the slogan "A friend for life comes to life." Am. biophysicist (ex-Golden Gloves boxer) Michael Edward Phelps (1939-) of the U.S. invents Positron Emission Tomography (PET), which produces a 3-D image of a body via gamma rays emitted by a positron-emitting radionuclide tracer; James Van House and Arthur Rich are the first to pub. an image from a PET microscope. In Australia the first baby is born from a frozen embryo. Science: On Jan. 1 Michael Howard "Mickey" Glantz of the U. of Colo. and Thomas R. Stewart of the NYSU Albany, working for the Nat. Defense U. pub. Expert judgment and climate forecasting: A methodological critique of “climate change to the year 2000”; "One could effectively argue that in the early 1970s the prevailing view was that the earth was moving toward a new ice age. Many articles appeared in the scientific literature as well as in the popular press speculating about the impact on agriculture of 1-2 deg C of cooling." On May 16 British scientists Joe Farman, Brian Gardner, and Jonathan Shanklin studying the South Pole pub. an article in Nature announcing the finding of an "ozone hole" the size of the U.S. in the ozone layer of the atmosphere over Antarctica, with depletion as much as 70% in austral spring, allowing dangerous UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface; too bad, "The urgency of the alarm seemed to have everything to do with the phrase 'a hole in the ozone layer', which charitably put, was a mixed metaphor. For there was no hole and there was no layer... In satellite images colorized to show density the darker region appeared to depict a void. When F. Sherwood Rowland... spoke of an 'ozone hole' in a university slide lecture in November 1985, the crisis had found its catchphrase. The New York Times used it the same day in its article about the British team's findings, and while scientific journals initially refused to use the term within a year it was unavoidable." (Nathaniel Rich) On Sept. 8 Michael Drummond (1960-90) undergoes an operation at the U. of Ariz. Medical Center in Tucson to replace his artificial heart with a real one from a donor in Tyler, Tex., becoming the first patient successfully given an artificial heart to buy time until he can receive a human one. On Dec. 5 UCLA physics student Shawn Carlson (1960-) pub. the paper A double-blind test of astrology in Nature mag., proving that 28 top astrologers couldn't predict a person's personality based on date and time of birth better than random chance, effectively killing it as a serious scientific discipline. The first environmental release of genetically-engineered Ice-Minus Bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae) to protect crops from frost is approved in the U.S. Am. physicists Steven Chu (1948-) and William Daniel Phillips (1948-) of Stanford U., and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (1933-) of France pioneer Doppler laser cooling, using intersecting laser beams to cool and trap atoms almost to absolute zero, slowing them from 4K km/hour to 1 km/hour, winning them the 1997 Nobel Physics Prize. Ron Davis et al. clone leprosy genes. Alessandro Guidotti and Erminio Costa discover the anxiety chemical of the human brain. English chemist Sir Harold Walter "Harry" Kroto (1939-) of the U. of Sussex, and Am. chemists Robert Floyd Curl Jr. (1933-), Richard Errett Smalley (1943-2005) et al. of Rice U. discover Buckminsterfullerenes (Buckyballs) (Carbon 60), for which they receive the 1996 Nobel Chem. Prize; Japanese physicist Sumio Iijima (1939-) of Ariz. State U. develops a tube-shaped variety, Carbon Nanotubes; one of the spinoffs is Buckypaper, which is 10x lighter and 500x stronger than steel. Erich Muhe (Mühe) (1938-) of Germany performs the first Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, removing a patient's gall bladder sans major incisions. Late in this decade John Platten launches the E-FIT (Electronic Facial Identification Technique), which produces facial composites of wanted criminals from eyewitness descriptions. M. Sims and N.L. First report the first production of calves by transfer of nuclei from cultured embryonic cells. Am. anthropologist Alan Walker (1938-) finds the 2.5M-y.-o. Black Skull near Lake Turkana in N Kenya, classifying it as Paranthropus (Australopithecus) aethiopicus. Nonfiction: Mary Valentine Ackland (1906-69), For Sylvia, An Honest Account (posth.); bio. of her lover Sylvia Townsend Warner (1893-1978). S. Rao Aiyagari (1951-97), Observational Equivalence of the Overlapping Generations and the Discounted Dynamic Programming Frameworks for One-Sector Growth; founds Dynamic Macroeconomics. Eric Ambler (1909-98), Here Lies: An Autobiography; inventor of the modern suspense novel. Eve Arden (1908-90), Three Phases of Eve (autobio.) (May). James Baldwin (1924-87), The Evidence of Things Not Seen; Atlanta child murderer Wayne Williams; The Price of the Ticket: Collected Nonfiction, 1948-1985. Count Basie (1904-84), Good Morning Blues (autobio.); with Albert Burray (1916-). Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Gathering Evidence (autobio.). Ray Allen Billington (1903-81), Land of Savagery, Land of Promise: The European Image of the American Frontier in the Nineteenth Century (Feb.) (posth.). Stephen Birmingham (1932-), The Ordeals and Triumphs of American Jews. David Bohm (1917-92), Unfolding Meaning: A Weekend of Dialogue with David Bohm. David Bohm (1917-92) and Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986), The Ending of Time. Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), Toward the Twenty-First Century: Political Economy, Social Systems, and World Peace; Human Betterment. James Brander (1953-) and Barbara J. Spencer (1945-), Export Subsidies and International Market Share Rivalry; proposes the Brander-Spencer Model of Internat. Trade, which shows how a govt. can successfully subsidize domestic firms to aid them in competition against foreign firms and enhance nat. welfare; it becomes the most-cited article since the 1971 founding of the Journal of Internat. Economics. Charles Dunbar Broad (1887-1971), Ethics (posth.). Harry Browne (1933-2006), Investment Rule #1; "the one investment rule you can rely on no matter what". Timothy H. Breen (1942-), Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolution. John Bryson, Evil Angels: The Case of Lindy Chamberlain; the 1980 Lindy Chamberlain "dingo ate my byebee" case. Alan Bullock (1914-2004), The Humanist Tradition in the West. James MacArthur Burns (1918-2014), The Workshop of Democracy; covers from the U.S. Civil War to the Great Depression, Leo Buscaglia (1924-98), Bus 9 to Paradise; "a mythical bus for a journey that proves earthly paradise can be yours in the here and now". Robert Conquest (1917-2015), Inside Stalin's Secret Police: NKVD Politics, 1936-1939. Howard Cosell (1918-95), I Never Played the Game (autobio.) (Sept.); pub. just before his firing by ABC-TV; disses NFL teams for abandoning loyal cities for more lucrative cities; popularizes the term "jockocracy" (coined by Robert Lipsyte) for athletes who are given sportscaster jobs after their careers are washed-up, compromising their ability to call games; his place in the 1985 World Series is taken by former baseball player Tim McCarver, who joins Al Michaels and Jim Palmer. Harvey Gallagher Cox Jr. (1929-), Religion in the Secular City: Toward a Postmodern Theology (Feb.). Adi Da (1939-2008), The Dawn Horse Testament Of The Ruchira Avatar: The Testament Of Divine Secrets Of The Divine World-Teacher, Ruchira Avatar, Adi Da Samraj. John Darwin (1948-), The Empire of the Bretaignes, 1175-1688: The Foundations of a Colonial System of Government (May 24). Michael John Denton (1943-), Evolution: A Theory in Crisis; turns off many scientists to the Darwinian paradigm and helps launch the Creationist and later Intelligent Design movements, making fans of Michael Behe and Philip Johnson; he later switches to a God-driven evolutionist position. Jacques Derrida (1930-2004), The Towers of Babel; deconstructionist rules? Alan Dershowitz (1938-), Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bulow Case; used as the basis of a 1990 film. J. Frank Diggs (1916-2004), The Welcome Swede: The True Story of a Young Man Who Brought Hope to Thousands of Nazi Germany's Prisoners of War (Nov.); WWII YMCA rep. Henry Soderberg meets Diggs, a POW at Nazi Oflag 64 POW Camp in Poland. Anthony Downs (1930-), The Revolution in Real Estate Finance; predicts a long-term slowdown and price decrease in housing. Allan W. Eckert (1931-), The Scarlet Mansion (June); 19th cent. serial murderer Herman Webster Mudgett AKA Dr. Henry Howard Holmes (1861-96), who built a 105-room mansion for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair devoted to torture chambers for women. Steven Emerson (1953-), The American House of Saud: The Secret Petrodollar Connection. Sir William Empson (1906-84), Using Biography. Ralph Epperson, The Unseen Hand; claims to expose all of history as a giant Illuminati conspiracy, with the Roman Catholic Church as the good guy slash victim. Uncle Fester (Steve Preisler) (1960-), Secrets of Methamphetamine Manufacture; underground bestseller; cold medicine containing (pseudo)ephedrine, muriatic acid, Red Devil lye, aluminum foil, coffee filters, antifreeze, toluene, matchboxes, rubber tubes, glass cookware, funnels? James F. Fixx (1932-84), Maximum Sports Performance: How to Achieve Your Full Potential in Speed, Endurance, Strength and Coordination (Mar. 12). Elizabeth Frank (1945-), Louise Bogan [1897-1970): A Portrait (Feb. 12) (Pulitzer Prize); poetry ed. of The New Yorker in 1929-69. Nancy Friday (1933-), Jealousy. Shakti Gawain (1948-), Living in the Light: A Guide to Personal and Planetary Transformation. Peter Gay (1923-2015), Freud for Historians; the case for "history informed by psychoanalysis". Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Jerusalem: Rebirth of a City (Sept. 3). Sandra M. Gilbert (1936-) and Susan Gubar (1944-) (eds.), The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women. Mark Girouard (1931-), Cities and People: A Social and Architectural History. E.J. Gold (1941-), The Human Biological Machine as a Transformational Apparatus. Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (1953-2012), The Occult Roots of Nazism: The Ariosophists of Austria and Germany, 1890-1935; his biggest hit. Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002), The Flamingo's Smile: Reflections in Natural History (essays). Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-2022), A Time for Peace. Simon Gray (1936-2008), An Unnatural Pursuit and Other Pieces (autobio.). John R. Gribbin (1946-), In Search of Schroedinger's Cat: Quantum Physics and Reality; primer on quantum physics for gen. readers; followed by "Scroedinger's Kittens and the Search for Reality" (1996). Benedict Groeschel, The Courage to Be Chaste (Sept.); written for gay men who desire to live life as chaste celibates - does Lady Fivefingers count? Stanislav Grof (1931-), Beyond the Brain: Birth, Death, and Transcendence in Psychotherapy. Grolier Publishing, The Academic Am. Encyclopedia (21 vols.); first major reference work available on CD-ROM (9M words). David Halberstam (1934-2007), The Amateurs: The Story of Four Young Men and Their Quest for an Olympic Gold Medal. Jerry Hall (1956-), Jerry Hall's Tall Tales (June 15) (autobio.). Graham Hancock (1950-), Ethiopia: The Challenge of Hunger. Donna Haraway (1944-), A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century; "We are all chimeras, theorized and fabricated hybrids of machine and organism; in short, we are cyborgs"; "There is nothing about being female that naturally binds women together into a unified category. There is not even such a state as 'being' female, itself a highly complex category constructed in contested sexual scientific discourses and other social practices." Michael Harrington (1928-89), The Politics at God's Funeral: The Spiritual Crisis of Western Civilization; God is dead, therefore dem. socialism is the savior, although capitalism has proven capable of reforming itself and making contributions to democracy and is definitely better than Soviet Communism?; Taking Sides: The Education of a Militant Mind. Shirley Hazzard (1931-), Coming of Age in Australia (autobio.). Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005), The Nature and Logic of Capitalism (Sept. 17). Michel Henry (1922-2002), Genealogie de la Psychanalyse: Le Commencement Perdu. Jack Herer (1939-2010), The Emperor Wears No Clothes; the history of suppression of hemp and marijuana in the U.S. by a former marijuana dealer in San Francisco, becoming the Bible of the marijuana decriminalization movement. Charles Higham (1931-2012), Orson Welles: The Rise and Fall of an American Genius; he suffered from a "fear of completion"?; Audrey: A Biography of Audrey Hepburn; American Swastika. Christopher Hills (1926-97), Instruments of Knowing: Human Biological Sensitivity. Murry Hope (1929-2012), The Way of Cartouche: An Oracle of Ancient Egyptian Magic. Clifford Irving (1930-), Daddy's Girl: The Campbell Murder Case. Jan Karski (1914-2000), The Great Powers and Poland. Garrison Keillor (1942-), Lake Wobegon Days; the small sleepy Minn. town known for its statue to the Unknown Norwegian, the duck-hunting Sons of Canute, the sleepwalking Lundbergs, the tasty Chatterbox Cafe et al. Tracy Kidder (1945-), House. Paul Klemperer (1956-), Jeremy I. Bulow (1953-), and John Geanakoplos (1955-), Multimarket Oligopoly: Strategic Substitutes and Strategic Complements; proposes the concept of Strategic Complements, where the decisions of the players mutually reinforce one another. Jonathan Kozol (1936-), Illiterate America. Milan Kundera (1929-), The Art of the Novel. Claude Lanzmann, Shoah: An Oral History of the Holocaust. Frances Moore Lappe (1944-), What to Do After You Turn Off the TV (Nov. 12). Martin A. Larson (1897-1994), New Thought: A Modern Religious Approach. Rosamond Lehmann (1901-90), Rosamond Lehmann's Album (autobio.) (Jan. 1). Primo Levi (1919-87), The Period Table (autobio.); Other People's Trades. Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009), The Jealous Potter. Jay Anthony Lukas (1933-97), Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families; school busing in Boston, Mass. through the eyes of an upper-middle white family, a working class white family, and a black family - once you meet someone's family there's no turning back? Jackson Turner Main (1917-2003), Society and Economy in Colonial Connecticut; the first continuous detailed picture of the economic and social structure up to the Am. Rev. Bill Mandel (1917-2016), Soviet But Not Russian: The "Other" Peoples of the Soviet Union. Rollo May (1909-94), My Quest for Beauty (Dec.). Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), The Education of Gregory Mcdonald: Sketches from the Sixties: Writings About America, 1966-73. Walter Allen McDougall (1946-), ...the Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age (Pulitzer Prize); claims that the Soviet Union went into space first because it was the world's first technocracy, which he defines as "the institutionalization of technological change for state purpose." Caroline Milbank, Couture: The Great Designers. Christopher Robin Milne (1920-96), The Windfall. Kenneth Minogue (1930-2013), Alien Powers: The Pure Theory of Ideology. Marvin Lee Minsky (1927-), The Society of Mind; claims that intelligence can be the product of the interaction of non-intelligent parts. Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999), Among You Taking Notes: The Wartime Diary of Naomi Mitchison, 1939-1945 (autobio.). Jurgen Moltmann (1926-), God in Creation. Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), Aliens Among Us. Marabel Morgan (1937-), The Electric Woman: The Hope for Tired Mothers and Others (July); in 1974 it was the Total Woman. Sheridan Morley (1941-2007), The Other Side of the Moon: The Life of David Niven (Oct.). George Lachmann Mosse (1918-99), Nationalism and Sexuality: Middle-Class Morality and Sexual Norms in Modern Europe; the persecution of Jews, gays, gypsies, and the mentally ill traces to the 19th cent. Euro idea that humans are either healthy or degenerate, normal or abnormal, insiders or outsiders?; German Jews Beyond Judaism; how German Jews were dedicated to Bildung (civilization) rather than a narrowly Jewish identity, until Hitler. Stephen Neill (1900-84), History of Christianity in India, 1707-1858 (posth.). Howard Nemerov (1920-91), New and Selected Essays. Charles Newman (1939-2006), The Post-Modern Aura: The Act of Fiction in an Age of Inflation (Apr. 1). Joshua Nkomo (1917-99), Nkomo, The Story of My Life (autobio.). Peter Norton (1943-), The Peter Norton Programmer's Guide to the IBM PC (Aug. 29); Norton appears on the cover in a pink shirt with crossed-arms, becoming his trademark. John Julius Norwich (1929-), The Architecture of Southern England. Tim O'Brien (1946-), The Nuclear Age. Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), The Creative Press. Robert Pack (1929-), Affirming Limits: Essays on Mortality, Choice, and Poetic Form (essays). Heinz Pagels (1939-88), Perfect Symmetry: The Search for the Beginning of Time. Joseph Chilton Pearce (1926-), Magical Child Matures. Georges Perec (1936-82), Penser Classer (posth.). Tom Peters (1942-) and Nancy Kimball Austin (1949-), A Passion for Excellence: The Leadership Difference (Apr.); NYT bestseller. Roy Porter (1946-2002), The Anatomy of Madness: Essays in the History of Psychiatry, People and Ideas (3 vols.). Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. Priscilla Beaulieu Presley (1945-) (with Sandra Harmon), Elvis and Me (autobio.); bestseller; portrays herself as a victim, blaming her bisexuality, promiscuity, and drug use as Elvis' fault; her beaus incl. Mike Stone, Mike Edwards, and Marco Garabaldi. Diane Ravitch (1938-), The Troubled Crusade: American Education, 1945-1980; The Schools We Deserve; Challenges to the Humanities. Howard Rheingold (1947-), Tools for Thought: The History and Future of Mind-Expanding Technology; history of the personal computer. Howard Rheingold (1947-) and Bill Landreth (1964-), Out of the Inner Circle: A Hacker's Guide to Computer Security. John M. Richardson Jr. (1938-), Ending Hunger: An Idea Whose Time Has Come. Walt Whitman Rostow (1916-2003), Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Foreign Aid. Barry Rubin (1950-2014), Secrets of State: The State Department and the Struggle Over U.S. Foreign Policy. Jane Russell (1921-2011), My Path and My Detours (autobio.) (Sept.); the Playtex "cross your heart 18-hour bras for us full-figured gals" actress speaks. Joanna Russ (1937-2011), Magic Mommas, Trembling Sisters, Puritans and Perverts: Feminist Essays. Oliver Wolf Sacks (1933-), The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales Kamal Salibi (1929-2011), The Bible Came from Arabia; claims that ancient Palestine was really on the W Red Sea coast in Asir, producing extensive linguistic evidence that the Hebrew Bible was mistranslated by the Arabian Hebrews who migrated to Palestine and established the Hasmonean Kingdom in the 2nd cent. B.C.E., and that place names in the Bible don't match-up, but those in Asir do, pissing-off pro-Israeli historians, who give him short shrift, but don't disprove his allegations (until ?); meanwhile the govt. of Saudi Arabia freaks and bulldozes dozens of villages in the Sarawat Mts. which Salibi identifies with the Biblical Jordan Valley, shutting down tourism (until ?). Harrison Evans Salisbury (1908-93), The Long March: The Untold Story. Adam Saroyan (1943-), Trio: Oona Chaplin, Carol Matthau, Gloria Vanderbilt: Portrait of an Intimate Friendship (July); Carol Matthau's son tells about her cafe society life. Hugh J. Schonfield (1901-88), The Original New Testament: The First Definitive Translation of the New Testament in 2000 Years; claims to put them in historical order (Mark, Matt., Luke, Acts, John, Revelation). Frithjof Schuon (1907-98), Christianity/Islam: Essays on Esoteric Ecumenicism. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), Money and Freedom. Dr. Seuss (1904-91), You're Only Old Once: A Book for Obsolete Children. Brooke Shields (1965-), On Your Own (autobio.) (May 12). Peter Singer (1946-) (ed.), In Defense of Animals. Zecharia Sitchin (1920-2010), The War of Gods and Men; Earth Chronicles #3; Abraham was really the son of a Sumerian priest, and he travelled to Cannan to stop an invading army from capturing the Annunaki spaceport in Sinai?; Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed from nukes, and the fallout destroyed the ancient Sumerians? Richard Slotkin (1942-), The Fatal Environment: The Myth of the Frontier in the Age of Industrialization, 1800-1890; sequel to "The Mythology of the American Frontier" (1973). Dave Smith (1942-), Local Assays: On Contemporary American Poetry. Gary Soto (1952-), Living Up the Street (autobio.). Thomas Sowell (1930-), Marxism: Philosophy and Economics. Daniel N. Stern (1934-2012), The Interpersonal World of the Infant; the development of the four interrelated senses of self: emergent, core, subjective, verbal. Robert J. Sternberg (1949-), Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Intelligence; explains his Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, which breaks intelligence down into Componential/Analytical Subtheory, Experiential/Creative Subtheory, and Practical/Contextual Subtheory. Ronald Sukenick (1932-2004), In Form: Digressions on the Act of Fiction (June 1). John Terraine (1921-2003), The Smoke and the Fire: Myths and Anti-Myths of War, 1861-1945; A Time for Courage: The Royal Air Force in the European War, 1939-1945; The Right of the Line: The Role of the RAF in World War Two. Lester Thurow (1938-), The Zero-Sum Solution: Building a World-Class American Economy; claims to show the U.S. the way to stay #1. Alvin Toffler (1928-), The Adaptive Corporation (Sept. 1); disses "dinosaur management". Sir George Tevelyan (1906-96), Summons to a High Crusade. Gloria Vanderbilt (1924-), Once Upon a Time: A True Story (autobio.). Monica Wilson and Leonard L. Thompson (eds.), The Oxford History of South Africa (2 vols.) (Apr.). Fred Alan Wolf (1934-), Mind and the New Physics. Chuck Yeager (1923-), Cy Janos, and Leo Janos, Yeager: An Autobiography (June 1). Bat Ye'or, The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians Under Islam; coins the term "dhimmitude", meaning the "specific social condition that resulted from jihad", and the "state of fear and insecurity" of being labelled an infidel who is required to "accept a condition of humiliation". Art: Jean-Michel Basquiat (1968-88), Glenn. Joseph Beuys (1921-86), Capri - Batterie. Steven Campbell (1953-2007), A Man Perceived by a Flea; acquired by the Scottish Nat. Gallery in 1988. Judy Chicago (1939-), The Birth Project; her images on birth and creation embellished by needleworkers around the world. Chuck Close, Georgia. Richard Diebenkorn (1922-93), Ocean Park No. 139. Jim Dine (1935-), Study for This Sovereign Life. Lucian Freud (1922-), Reflection (Self-Portrait). David Hockney (1937-), Views of Hotel Well. Brice Marden (1938-), Shell Drawings (1985-7). Roberto Matta (1911-2002), L'Espace Du Point. Bruce Nauman (1941-), Violins/Violence. Louise Nevelson (1900-88), Mirror Shadow VIII (sculpture). Martin Puryear (1941-), Old Mole (red cedar sculpture). Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), Wall Pond/ROCI Mexico. Dorothea Rockbourne (1938-), Interior Perspective (Discordant Harmony). Susan Rothenberg (1945-), Mondrian Dancing. Cindy Sherman, Grotesques (photographic series). Andy Warhol (1922-87), Van Heusen (Ronald Reagan silkscreen); Artwork for Absolut Vodka Campaign; becomes famous for 15 min.? Music: The Dream Academy, The Dream Academy (Nov.) (album) (debut); incl. Life in a Northern Town (Mar.) (#7 in the U.S., #15 in the U.K.), an elegy to British folk musician Nick Drake (1948-74); 1-hit wonder from London, England, incl. Nick Laird-Clowes (1957-), Katherine Elinor Margaret "Kate" St. John (1957-), and Gilbert Alexander Gabriel (1956-). AC/DC, Fly on the Wall (album #10) (June 28); first with drummer Phil Rudd; incl. Shake Your Foundations, Danger, Sink the Pink. Aerosmith, Done with Mirrors (album #8) (Nov.); incl. Let the Music Do the Talking, Shela, Gypsy Boots. USA for Africa, We Are the World (Mar. 7) (#1 in the U.S.) (20M copies); supergroup incl. Michael Jackson, Lionel Richie, Tina Turner, Stevie Wonder, Ray Charles, Diana Ross, Dionne Warwick, Bob Dylan, Cyndi Lauper, Bruce Springsteen et al.; produced by Quincy Jones; Springsteen's only #1 single; We Are the World (album) (Apr. 23); sells 3M copies; incl. We Are the World, Tears Are Not Enough. a-ha, Hunting High and Low (album) (debut) (June 1) (#15 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K., #1 in 36 countries) (10M copies); from Norway, incl. Morten Harket (1959-) (vocals), Magne "Mags" Furuholmen (1962-) (keyboards), and Paul Waaktaar-Savoy (Pal Waaktaar Gamst) (1961-) (guitar); incl. The Sun Always Shines on TV (#1 in the U.K., #20 in the U.S.), Train of Thought (#8 in the U.K.), Hunting High and Low (#5 in the U.K.), Take on Me (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.) (the video is inspired by the animated film "Commuter" by Michael Patterson, plus the film "Altered States", and starts out with actress Buny Bailey reading a comic book about motorcycle racing in a London cafe, after which Harket reaches his B&W cartoon hand through her comic book and pulls her into an animated fantasy world). Dead or Alive, Youthquake (album #2) (May); incl. You Spin Me Round (Like a Record) (#11 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.), In Too Deep, Love Come Back to Me. America, In Concert (album) (July); first U.S. album issued in CD; their first album to fail to chart. Adam Ant (1954-), Vive Le Rock (album) (Sept.); incl. Vive Le Rock. Stephen Albert (1941-92), Symphony No. 1 "RiverRun" (Pulitzer Prize). Dead or Alive, Youthquake (album); incl. You Spin Me Round (Like a Record). Anthrax, Spreading the Disease (album #2) (Oct. 30); first with Joey Belladonna and Frank Bello; incl. Madhouse, Armed and Dangerous. Artists United Against Apartheid, Sun City (album). Asia, Astra (album #3) (Aug. 20). Marcia Ball (1949-), Hot Tamale Baby (album); incl. I'm Gonna Forget About You. Pat Benatar (1953-), Seven the Hard Way (album); incl. Sex as a Weapon, Big Life, Le Bel Age. Ruben Blades y Seis del Solar, Escenas (album). David Bowie (1947-2016) and Mick Jagger (1943-), Dancing in the Street; introduced at Live Aid at Wembley. David Bowie (1947-2016) and the Pat Metheny Group, This Is Not America; used in the film "The Falcon and the Snowman". Pet Shop Boys, West End Girls (debut) (Oct.); Chris Lowe (1959-) and Neil Tennant (1954-). Laura Branigan (1952-2004), Hold Me (album #4) (July); incl. Spanish Eddie. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Last Mango in Paris (album #15) (June). Kate Bush (1958-), Hounds of Love (album #5) (Sept. 16) (#1 in the U.K.); knocks Madonna's "Like a Virgin" off the top of the U.K. charts; incl. Running Up That Hill, Hounds of Love, Cloudbusting, The Big Sky. Can, Inner Space (album #10) (last album). Fine Young Cannibals, Fine Young Cannibals (album) (debut); from Birmingham, England, incl. Roland Lee Gift (1962-) (vocals), Andy Cox (1956-) (guitar), David "Shuffle" Steele (1960-) (bass); incl. Johnny Come Home, Blue, Suspicious Minds, Funny How Love Is. Kim Carnes (1945-), Barking at Airplanes (album #9); incl. Crazy in the Night, Abadabadango. The Carpenters, Lovelines (album); Karen Carpenter's unreleased songs; incl. Lovelines. Wang Chung, To Live and Die in L.A. Soundtrack (album #3) (Sept. 30); incl. To Live and Die in L.A. (#41 in the U.S.). The Clash, Cut the Crap (album #6) (last album) (Nov. 4). Albert Collins (1932-93), Showdown! Phil Collins (1951-), Separate Lives (from "White Nights"); No Jacket Required (album) (Jan. 25); sells 30M copies; named for an incident at the Pump Room in Chicago, Ill. with maitre d' George Montgomery (-1992), which they later make up for by sending him a sport coat; incl. Sussudio, One More Night, Don't Lose My Number, Take Me Home. Alice Cooper (1948-), Raise Your Fist and Yell (album #17); incl. Time to Kill. Elvis Costello (1954-) and the Attractions, The Best of Elvis Costello and the Attractions (album). Motley Crue, Theatre of Pain (album #3) (June 21) (#6 in the U.S., #36 in the U.K.); first after Hanoi Rocks member Nicholas "Razzle" Dingley is killed in a car crash, resulting in the arrest fo singer Vince Neil for drunk driving and manslaughter; incl. Smokin' in the Boys Room, Home Sweet Home. The Cure, Head on the Door (album #6) (Aug. 26) (#59 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.); first with drummer Boris Williams; incl. In Between Days, Close to Me. The Damned, Phantasmagoria (album #6) (July); incl. Shadow of Love, Is It A Dream, Grimly Fiendish, Edward the Bear. Mac Davis (1942-), Till I Made It With You (album); incl. I Never Made Love (Till I Made It With You), I Feel the Country Callin' Me. John Denver (1943-97), Dreamland Express (album) (June); incl. Dreamland Express. Barbara Dickson (1947-) and Elaine Paige (1948-), I Know Him So Well; from the musical "Chess"; best-selling record by a female duo until ? Dionne and Friends (Dionne Warwick (1940-), Elton John (1947-), Gladys Knight (1944-), Stevie Wonder (1950-), That's What Friends Are For (#1 in the U.S.); raises $3M for AIDS research. Divine (1945-88), Walk Like a Man; I'm So Beautiful. Divinyls, What a Life! (album #2) (#91 in the U.S.); incl. Pleasure and Pain. Dokken, Under Lock and Key (album #3) (Nov. 9) (#32 in the U.S.) (1M copies in the U.S.); incl. In My Dreams, It's Not Love, The Hunter, Unchain the Night. Doors, The Best of the Doors (double album) (Nov.). Husker Du, New Day Rising (album #3) (Jan.); incl. New Day Rising, Celebrated Summer; Flip Your Wig (album #4) (Sept.); incl. Makes No Sense At All, Keep Hanging On. Bob Dylan (1941-), Empire Burlesque (album #23) (June 10); incl. Tight Connection to My Heart, Dark Eyes; Biograph (album) (Nov. 7); first successful CD boxed set? Sheila E. (1957-), Romance 1600 (album #2); incl. A Love Bizarre (#11 in the U.S.). Alton Ellis (1938-2008), Continuation (album); Jubilee Vol. 2. Gloria Estefan (1957-) and the Miami Sound Machine, Primitive Love (album #9) (Aug. 1) (#23 in the U.S.); incl. Words Get in the Way (#5 in the U.S.), Bad Boy (#8 in the U.S.), Conga (#10 in the U.S.), Falling in Love (Uh-Oh) (#25 in the U.S.). Europe, On the Loose Soundtrack (album) (Apr.); incl. On the Loose. Eurythmics, Be Yourself Tonight (album #5) (May); incl. There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart), Would I Lie to You? Exodus, Bonded by Blood (album) (debut) (Apr. 25); from San Francisco, Calif., incl. Paul Baloff (vocals), Gary Holt (guitar), Rick Hunolt (guitar), Rob McKillop (bass), Tom Hunting (drums); incl. Bonded by Blood, Exodus. Marianne Faithfull (1946-), Rich Kid Blues (album); incl. Rich Kid Blues. Falco (1957-98), Falco 3 (album #3) (Oct. 15) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. Vienna Calling (#18 in the U.S.), Rock Me Amadeus(#1 in the U.S.) (first/only German language song to reach #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on Mar. 29, 1986). Tears for Fears, Songs from the Big Chair (album #3) (#2 in the U.K.); title comes from 1976 TV movie "Sybil"; incl. Everybody Wants to Rule the World, Mothers Talk, Shout, Head Over Heels. Dan Fogelberg (1951-2007), High Country Snows (album); incl. High Country Snows; about Aspen, Colo. John Fogerty (1945-), Centerfield (album) (Jan. 15); incl. The Old Man Down the Road (refers to his old boss Saul Zaentz, pissing him off and causing him to unsuccessfully sue him for plagiarizing his own song "Run Through the Jungle", after which he wins with a suit over the song "Zanz Kant Danz", which contains the line "Zanz can't dance but he'll steal your money"). The Fools, World Dance Party (album #3); their masterpiece?; incl. She Makes Me Feel Big, I Love Your Tits. Aretha Franklin (1942-2018), Who's Zoomin' Who? (album) (July); incl. Who's Zoomin' Who, Freeway of Love, Sisters Are Doin' It For Themselves (with the Eurythmics). Glenn Frey (1948-2016), The Heat Is On (#2 in the U.S., #12 in the U.K.) (from "Beverly Hills Cop"); You Belong to the City (from "Miami Vice") (#2 in the U.S.). Kenny G (1956-), Gravity (album #3); incl. Gravity. Marvin Gaye (1939-84), Dream of a Lifetime (album) (posth.); incl. Sanctified Lady (Pussy), It's Madness; Romantically Yours (album) (posth.); incl. Why Did I Choose You. Everything but the Girl, Love Not Money (album #3) (Apr.); incl. Angel. Nina Hagen (1955-), In Ekstasy (album #5); incl. Universal Radio, Spirit in the Sky (cover of the Norman Greenbaum hit), My Way (cover of the Frank Sinatra hit). Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Natural High. Herbie Hancock (1940-) and Foday Musa Suso, Village Life (album). Roy Harper (1941-) , Whatever Happened to Jugula? (album #13); original title "Rizla"; w/Jimmy Page. Emmylou Harris (1947-), The Ballad of Sally Rose (album); about her late beau Gram Parsons, written by her and her hubby Paul Kennerley. Talking Heads, Little Creatures (album #6) (July 15) (#20 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.); incl. The Lady Don't Mind, And She Was, Road to Nowhere (#6 in the U.K.). Heart, Heart (album #9) (July 6) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. These Dreams (#1 in the U.S.), If Looks Could Kill, What About Love?, Never, Nothing' at All. Uriah Heep, Equator (album #16); Trevor Bolder returns; incl. Rockarama. Whitney Houston (1963-2012), Whitney Houston (album) (debut) (Feb. 14) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); best-selling debut by a female (25M copies); incl. Saving All My Love for You (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.), How Will I Know (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.), Greatest Love of All (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.). INXS, Listen Like Thieves (album #5) (Oct. 14); incl. Kiss the Dirt (Falling Down the Mountain), This Time, What You Need, Listen Like Thieves. LL Cool J (1968-), Radio (album) (debut) (Nov. 18) (#46 in the U.S.); this and all of his succeeding albums until 1993 go platinum; incl. I Can't Live Without My Radio, I Can Give You More, Rock the Bells. Mick Jagger (1943-), She's the Boss (album) (solo debut) (Feb. 25); pisses-off Keith Richards (1943-), causing a rift from 1986-8; incl. She's the Boss, Just Another Night, Lonely at the Top, Lucky in Love. Rick James (1948-2004), Glow (album #9); incl. Glow (with Smokey Robinson). JoBoxers, Skin and Bone (album #2) (last album); incl. Is This Really the First Time? Billy Joel (1949-), Greatest Hits (double album); sells 10.5M copies. Elton John (1947-), Ice on Fire (album #19) (Nov.); incl. Nikita (with George Michael), Wrap Her Up (with George Michael). Grace Jones (1948-), Slave to the Rhythm (album #7); incl. Slave to the Rhythm; Island Life (album). Bon Jovi, 7800 Degrees Fahrenheit (album #2); a flop. Dead Kennedys, Frankenchrist (album #3) (Oct.); cover incl. H.R. Giger's "Penis Landscape", getting them charged with distribution of matter harmful to minors, which ends in a er, hung jury; incl. A Growing Boy Needs His Lunch, Chicken Farm, Jock-O-Rama (Invasion of the Beef Patrol), M.T.V. - Get Off the Air. Greg Kihn Band, Citizen Kihn (album #8). Kix, Midnight Dynamite (album #3) (Oct. 7); incl. Midnight Dynamite, Layin' Rubber. Alison Krauss (1971-), Different Strokes (album) (debut); bluegrass fiddle tunes. Sissel Krykjebo (1969-), Sissel (album) (debut); becomes big star in little Norway, selling 2.5M albums by 1997. Laibach, Laibach (album) (debut) (Apr. 27); from Slovenia, incl. Fras, Eber, Saliger, Dachauer, Keller; Nova Akropola (album #2). Brenda Lee and George Jones (1931-), Hallelujah, I Love Her So. Level 42, World Machine (album #6) (Sept.) (#3 in the U.K.); incl. World Machine, Something About You (#7 in the U.S.), Leaving Me Now, Physical Presence. Loverboy, Lovin' Every Minute of It (album #4) (Aug.); incl. Lovin' Every Minute of It. Madonna (1958-) et al. Desperately Seeking Susan Soundtrack (album); incl. Into the Groove. Iron Maiden, Live After Death (album) (Oct. 14). Yngwie Malmsteen (1963-), Marching Out (album #2) (Sept. 30) (#52 in the U.S.); incl. Don't Let It End, Disciples of Hell, I Am a Viking. Maniacs, Take the Skinheads Bowling. 10,000 Maniacs, The Wishing Chair (album #2); incl. Scorpio Rising, My Mother the War, Cotton Alley. Barry Manilow (1943-), Copacabana Soundtrack (album); Manilow (album); first with RCA Records; incl. I'm Your Man, Sweet Heaven (I'm in Love Again) (from "Copacabana"). Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), We Come in Peace with a Message of Love (album #17); incl. We Come in Peace. Paul McCartney (1942-), We All Stood Together. Reba McEntire (1955-), The Best of Reba McEntire (album); Have I Got a Deal for You (album #9); incl. Have I Got a Deal for You, Only in My Mind. Mike + the Mechanics, Mike + the Mechanics (album) (debut) (Oct. 5) (#26 in the U.S.); from England, incl. Paul Carrack (1951-) (vocals), Michael John Cleote Crawford "Mike" Rutherford (1950-) (bass), Paul Young (1947-2000) (vocals), Adrian Lee (1957-) (keyboards), and Peter "Pete" Van Hooke (1950-) (drums); incl. Silent Running (#6 in the U.S.), All I Need Is A Miracle (#5 in the U.S.), Taken In (#32 in the U.S.). Megadeth, Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good! (album) (debut) (June); formed by Dave Mustaine after being fired from Metallica in 1983 as revenge, count the megadeaths; incl. David Warren "Dave" Ellefson (1964-) (bass), Chris Poland (1957-) (guitar), Gary C. "Gar" Samuelson (1958-99) (drums); incl. Mechanix, These Boots Are Made for Walkin' (by Lee Hazlewood). John Cougar Mellencamp (1951-), Scarecrow (album #8) (Aug.) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. Small Town (#6 in the U.S.), R.O.C.K. in the U.S.A. (#2 in the U.S.), Lonely Ol' Night (#1 in the U.S.). The Dead Milkmen, Big Lizard in My Backyard (album) (debut) (June); from Philly, incl. Anthony Joseph "Joe" Genaro (AKA Joe Jack Talcum) (1962-) (vocals), Rodney Linderman (Anonymous) (keyboards), Dave Schulthise (Blood) (1956-2004)/Dan Stevens (bass), and Dean "Clean" Sabatino (drums); incl. Big Lizard in My Backyard, V.F.W. (Veterans of a Fucked-Up World). Mr. Mister, Welcome to the Real World (album #2) (Nov. 27); incl. Broken Wings (#1 in the U.S.), Kyrie (#1 in the U.S.), Is It Love (#8 in the U.S.), Black/White. Joni Mitchell (1943-), Dog Eat Dog (album #12) (Oct.); incl. Good Friends. Faith No More, We Care A Lot (album) (debut); from San Francisco, Calif., incl. Michael Morris/ Courtney Love/ Chuck Mosley (vocals), Mark Bowen/ Jim Martin, Billy Gould (bass), Wade Worthington/Roddy Bottum (keyboards), and Mike Bordin (drums); pioneer of alternative metal and nu metal. Van Morrison (1945-), A Sense of Wonder (album #15); incl. Tore Down a la Rimbaud. The Motels, Shock (album). Mountain, Go For Your Life (album #6); first album since 1974; next album in 1996. Anne Murray (1945-), Time, Don't Run Out on Me. Vomito Negro, Vomito Negro (album) (debut); from Belgium, incl. Gin Devo. Juice Newton (1952-), Old Flame (album); goes back to country; incl. You Make Me Want to Make You Mine, Hurt, Both to Each Other (Friends and Lovers) (w/Eddie Rabbitt). Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), Soul Kiss (album); incl. Soul Kiss. Stevie Nicks (1948-), Rock A Little (album); incl. Rock a Little. Nico (1938-88), Camera Obscura (album #6) (last album); incl. My Funny Valentine, Konig (King). Aldo Nova (1956-), Twitch (album #3); incl. Rumours of You, Tonight (Lift Me Up). Gary Numan (1958-), The Fury (album #7) (Sept.). Midnight Oil, Species Deceases (album #7) (Aug. 6). Oingo Boingo, Dead Man's Party (album #4) (Oct. 28); incl. Dead Man's Party (from the 1986 film "Back to School), Weird Science (from the 1985 film "Weird Science). OMD, Crush (album #6) (June 17); incl. So in Love (first hit single in the U.S.), Secret, La Femme Accident (Old Grey Whistle Test); If You Leave (from the film "Pretty in Pink"). Yoko Ono (1933-), Starpeace (album); her answer to Reagan's Star Wars; her biggest hit (#26); incl. Starpeace, Sky People, I Love All of Me. New Order, Low-Life (album #3) (May 13) (#94 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.); incl. The Perfect Kiss, Sub-Culture, Elegia. Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Riptide (Nov.) (album #9) (#8 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.); videos feature Palmer's cool undulating guitar-strumming Palmer Girls, with heavy makeup, short slick black hair, long hosed legs and little black dresses with almost see-through bodices, modelled after artist Patrick Nagel; incl. Addicted to Love (#1 in the U.S.), I Didn't Mean to Turn You On. Graham Parker (1950-) and The Shot, Steady Nerves (album); incl. Wake Up (Next to You). Dolly Parton (1946-), Real Love (album #28); incl. Real Love (w/Kenny Rogers), Think About Love, Don't Call It Love. Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), Workin' It Back (album #10). Red Hot Chili Peppers, Freaky Styley (album) (Aug. 16); last with drummer Cliff Martinez; incl. Jungle Man, American Ghost Dance, Catholic School Girls Rule, Hollywood (Africa). Tom Petty (1950-2017) and The Heartbreakers, Southern Accents (album) (Mar. 26) (#13 in the U.S.); video features "Alice in Wonderland" imagery; Petty undergoes an amazing recovery after punching a studio wall and shattering his hand last year; incl. Southern Accents, Rebels, Don't Come Around Here No More (#13 in the U.S., #50 in the U.K.); Pack Up the Plantation: Live! (first live album) (Nov. 26). The Pogues, Rum, Sodomy and the Lash (album #2) (Aug.); title taken from a false quote from Winston Churchill about the Royal Navy's true traditions; incl. The Sick Bed of Cuchulainn, Sally MacLennane, A Pair of Brown Eyes. Pointer Sisters, Contact (album #11) (July) (#25 in the U.S., #34 in the U.K.); incl. Dare Me (#15 in the U.S.), Freedom, Twist My Arm. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Fables (album). Possessed, Seven Churches (album) (debut) (Feb. 16); title refers to the Book of Revelation; from San Francisco, Calif., incl. Mike Torrao (guitar), Jeff Becerra (bass), Brian Montana/Larry Lalonde (guitar) Mike Sus (drums); too bad, an upside-down cross on the cover gets it banned by record stores; incl. The Exorcist (by Mike Oldfield). Prince (1958-2016) and The Revolution, Around the World in a Day (album #7) (Apr. 22) (#1 in the U.S) (#5 in the U.K.) (#4 R&B); incl. Raspberry Beret, Paisley Park, America, and Pop Life (#7 in the U.S.); "I can be a weirder fey psychedelic badass mushroom than you, Paul McCartney." Skinny Puppy, Bites (album) (debut); incl. Assimilate, Social Deception, The Choke. Ratt, Invasion of Your Privacy (album #2) (June 13) (2M copies); incl. Lay It Down, You're in Love, Never Use Love, Dangerous But Worth the Risk. Prince (1958-2016) and The Revolution, Around the World in a Day (album #7) (Apr. 22); incl. "Raspberry Beret", "Paisley Park", "America", "Pop Life". Quarterflash, Back into Blue (album #3) (#150 in the U.S.); they disband until 1991. Queen, One Vision; from the film "Iron Eagle". Night Ranger, Seven Wishes (album #3) (May); incl. Four in the Morning (I Can't Take Anymore), Sentimental Street, This Boy Needs to Rock. Sacred Reich, Draining You of Life (album) (debut); from Phoenix, Ariz. incl. Dan Kelly/Phil Rind (vocals), Jeff Martinek/Wiley Arnett (guitar), Jason Rainey (guitar), Greg Hall/Dave McClain (drums). R.E.M., Fables of the Reconstruction (album #3) (June 1); incl. Driver 8, Can't Get There from Here, Wendell Gee. The Replacements, Tim (album #4) (Oct.) (#183 in the U.S.); incl. Kiss Me on the Bus, Bastards of Young, Left of the Dial, which becomes a college radio anthem; on Jan. 18, 1986 they perform on Saturday Night Live, and are banned for life for swearing; in late 1986 Bob Stinson is kicked out of the band. Love and Rockets, Seventh Dream of Teenage Heaven (album) (debut) (Oct. 11); from England; formed by the members of Bauhaus minus vocalist Peter Murphy, who goes solo; incl. The Dog-End of A Day Gone By. The Romantics, Rhythm Romance (album #5); next album in 2003. David Lee Roth (1954-), Crazy from the Heat (album) (Jan. 28); incl. California Girls, Just a Gigolo/ I Ain't Got Nobody, Easy Street. Run-D.M.C., King of Rock (album #2) (Jan. 21); incl. King of Rock, Can You Rock It Like This. Rush, Power Windows (album #11) (Oct. 29); incl. The Big Money, Manhattan Project. Black Sabbath, Seventh Star (album #12) (Jan. 28); incl. No Stranger to Love. Sade (1959-), Promise (album #2) (Nov. 16); incl. The Sweetest Taboo (#5 in the U.S.), Never as Good as the First Time (#20 in the U.S.), Is It a Crime. Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Shukuru (album); incl. Shukuru. The Scorpions, World Wide Live (album #10). Selena (1971-95), The New Girl in Town (album #2) (Dec. 26); incl. Oh Mama. Tommy Shaw (1953-), What If (album #2); incl. What If (Remo's Theme) (from "Remo Williams: The Adventure Begins"). Twisted Sister, Come Out and Play (album #4) (Nov. 9) (#53 in the U.S., #95 in the U.K.). Patrick Sky (1943-), Through a Window (album #7); incl. Don't Think Twice (by Bob Dylan). Slayer, Live Undead (album); Hell Awaits (album #2) (Sept.); incl. Hell Awaits (played backwards it says "Please join us"). Sister Sledge, When the Boys Meet the Girls (album #8); incl. When the Boys Meet the Girls; Frankie (#1 in the U.K.). The Smiths, Meat Is Murder (album #2) (Feb. 11, 1985) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Meat Is Murder, That Joke Isn't Funny Anymore, How Soon Is Now; Shakespeare's Sister (Mar. 18) (#26 in the U.K.); The Boy with the Thorn in His Side (Sept. 23) (#23 in the U.K.); when they get a contract with EMI next year, the New Musical Express prints the headline "The Boy with the Thorn-EMI on His Side". Starship, Knee Deep in the Hoopla (album) (debut) (Sept. 10); successor to Jefferson Airplane and Jefferson Starship; incl. We Built This City (Aug. 1) (#1 in the U.S., #12 in the U.K.), Sara (Dec.) (#1 in the U.S.), named for Sara Kendrick, wife of singer Mickey Thomas. Ray Stevens (1939-), I Have Returned (album) (500K copies); incl. The Pirate Song, The Ballad of the Blue Cyclone. Dire Straits, Brothers in Arms (album #5) (May 13); first million-selling CD (30M copies); incl. Money for Nothing (#1 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.) (the chorus "I want my MTV" is by Sting), Brothers in Arms, So Far Away, Walk of Life, Your Latest Trick, Ride Across the River. Supertramp, Brother Where Are You Bound (album #9) (May) (#21 in the U.S.); incl. Cannonball. Swans, Time Is Money (Bastard) (album #5); first with Jarboe; incl. Time is Money (Bastard). James Taylor (1948-), That's Why I'm Here (album #11) (Oct.); incl. That's Why I'm Here. George Thorogood (1950-) and the Destroyers, Maverick (album #5) (May). ZZ Top, Afterburner (album #9) (Mar. 23); incl. Sleeping Bag, Stages, Rough Boy, and Velcro Fly. 'Til Tuesday, Voices Carry (album) (debut) (#19 in the U.S.); from Boston, Mass., incl. ratted-bleached Aimee Mann (1960-) (vocals, bass), Robert Holmes (guitar), Joey Pesce (keyboards), and Michael Hausman (drums); incl. Voices Carry (#8 in the U.S.), and Love in a Vacuum. The Four Tops, Magic (album). Cheap Trick, Standing on the Edge (album #8) (Oct.); incl. Standing on the Edge, Little Sister, Tonight It's You. The Tubes, Love Bomb (album); incl. Piece by Piece. Jethro Tull, A Classic Case (album #16) (Feb. 15); with the London Symphony Orchestra. Tina Turner (1939-), Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome Soundtrack (album) (July 10); incl. We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome) (#2 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.), One of the Living. Thompson Twins, Here's to Future Days (album #5) (Sept. 17) (#20 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.); incl. Lay Your Hands on Me, Roll Over. Vangelis (1943-), (The) Mask (album); Invisible Connections (album). Various Artists, Miami Vice Soundtrack (album) (Oct. 26) (#1 in the U.S.) (best-selling album of 1985, and most successful TV soundtrack in history until ?). Stevie Ray Vaughan (1954-90) and Double Trouble, Soul to Soul (album #3) (Sept. 30) (#34 in the U.S.); incl. Say What!, Change It, Lookin' Out the Window, Look at Little Sister. Suzanne Vega (1959-), Suzanne Vega (album) (debut) (May); incl. Cracking, Freeze Tag, Knight Moves. Wall of Voodoo, Seven Days in Sammystown (album #4); incl. Far Side of Crazy, Dark As A Dungeon. Joe Walsh (1947-), The Confessor (album #7); incl. The Confessor; Rocky Mountain Way (album) (Sept. 30). Katrina and the Waves, Katrina and the Waves (album #3) (#28 in the U.K.); from Cambridge, England, incl. Katrina Leskanich (1960-) (vocals), Kimberley Rew (1951-) (guitar), Vince de la Cruz (bass), and Alex Cooper (drums); incl. Walking on Sunshine (#9 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.), Do You Want Crying (#37 in the U.S.). Dionne Warwick (1940-), Without Your Love. Dionne Warwick (1940-) and Friends, That's Waht Friends Are For (#1 in the U.S., #16 in the U.K.); with Elton John, Gladys Knight, and Stevie Wonder. Wham!, Music from the Edge of Heaven/ The Final (album #3) (last album) (July 1) (#10 in the U.S.); incl. The Edge of Heaven, I'm Your Man, A Different Corner, Last Christmas (Pudding Mix). Keith Whitley (1954-89), L.A. to Miami (album) (debut) (Oct. 28) (#26 in the U.S.); incl. Miami, My Amy, I've Got the Heart for You, Ten Feet Away, Homecoming '63, and Hard Livin'. Deniece Williams (1950-), Let's Hear It for the Boy. Stevie Wonder (1950-), In Square Circle (album) (Sept. 13); incl. Part-Time Lover, It's Wrong (Apartheid); That's What Friends Are For (with Dionne Warwick, Elton John, and Gladys Knight); Going Home. Men at Work, Two Hearts (album #3) (last album) (Apr. 23); incl. Man with Two Hearts, Everything I Need. XTC, 25 O'Clock (EP) (Apr. 1); released under alias The Dukes of Stratosphear; incl. 25 O'Clock. Yello, Stella (album #4) (Jan. 29) (#92 in the U.K., #1 in Switzerland); incl. Oh Yeah (#51 in the U.S.); featured in the 1986 film "Ferris Bueller's Day Off". Neil Young (1945-), Old Ways (album); incl. Old Ways. Paul Young (1956-), The Secret of Association (album #2) (Mar. 25) (#1 in the U.K.) (600K copies); incl. Everytime You Go Away (#1 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.), I'm Gonna Tear Your Playhouse Down (#13 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.), Everything Must Change (#56 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.), Tomb of Memories (#16 in the U.K). Frank Zappa (1940-93), The Old Masters: Box One (album) (Apr.); Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention (album) (Nov. 21); anti-PMRC (Parents Music Resource Center); incl. Porn Wars. White Zombie, Soul-Crusher (album) (debut) (Nov.); from New York City, incl. Rob Zombie (1965-), Tom Five (Guay) (guitar), Rob Straker (vocals), Sean Yseult (Shauna Reynolds) (1966-) (bass), and Ivan de Prume (drums); incl. Ratmouth, Shack of Hate. Movies: Hollywood's blockbuster year, producing some of the most memorable films of all time? Ken Harrison's 1918 (Apr. 26), based on the 1979 Horton Foote play about German xenophobia and influenza in WWI stars William Converse-Roberts as Horace Robedaux, Matthew Broderick as Brother, and Jerry Biggs as Clyde; Horton Foote Jr. plays Jesse. Norman Jewison's Agnes of God (Aug. 21) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1979 John Pielmeier play stars Meg Tilly as novice nun Sister Agnes Devereaux, who kills her newborn baby and claims a virgin birth, requiring pshrink Dr. Martha Livingston (Jane Fonda) and Mother Miriam Ruth (Anne Bancroft) to try to understand; does $25.6M box office. Robert Zemeckis' Back to the Future (July 3) (Amblin Entertainment) (Universal Pictures) is the first of three totally interrelated flicks starring Michael J. Fox as 17-y.-o. Calvin Klein underwear-wearing Marty McFly, Lea Thompson as his mother Lorraine Banes, Crispin Glover as his dad, Thomas F. Wilson as his oafish bullying rival, and Christopher Lloyd as a wacky time travel scientist who invented the flux capacitor and uses it in a nuclear-powered DeLorean, with a great soundtrack by Huey Lewis and The News; Marty travels back from 1985 to 1955 and meets his mom, who falls for him, forcing him to lamely try to get his nerd dad to steal her from him so he can be born; does $381.1M box office on a $19M budget; followed by Back to the Future Part II (Nov. 22, 1989) and Back to the Future Part III (May 25, 1990). Joel Coen's and Ethan Coen's Blood Simple (Jan. 18), starring John Getz, Dan Hedaya, and Frances McDormand is their dir. debut. Terry Gilliam's Brazil (Feb. 20) stars Jonathan Pryce as Sam Lowry, a man in a retro-future dystopian world with a totalitarian Orwellian govt. with a slapstick quality and no Big Brother; after bombing in the U.S., it becomes a cult film; features the theme song Squarela do Brasil by Geoff Muldaur. John Hughes' The Breakfast Club (Feb. 15) is about a weekend detention class in a suburban high school library (really a super-library, way bigger than any real one) which causes the rich and spoiled to mix with the poor, abused, and scruffy along with Carl the janitor and an elephant lamp, although none still personally see much black skin, although all are basically sorry they're too white?; stars Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, Emilio Estevez, Ally Sheedy, and Anthony Michael Hall, who become known as the Brat Pack, a new crop of Gen-X acting stars, many of whom are recycled in "St. Elmo's Fire" (1985) and "Young Guns" (1988); "They only met once but it changed their lives forever." Ron Howard's Cocoon (June 21), based on the 1985 David Saperstein novel stars a bevy of aging actors incl. Wilford Brimley, Brian Dennehy, Don Ameche, Hume Cronyn, and Jessica Tandy, who discover that their fountain of youth is actually a breeding ground for ETs; followed by Cocoon: The Return (1988). Steven Spielberg's The Color Purple (Dec. 18), based on the 1982 Alice Walker novel stars Danny Glover and Adolph Caesar; the film debut of Oprah Winfrey; the first time that three African-Am. women are nominated for the same film (Whoopi Goldberg, Margaret Avery); score by Quincy Jones. Elem Klimov's Come and See, about Nazi atrocities in 1943 Byelorussia stars Alexei Kravchenko and Olga Mironova. Mike Newell's Dance With a Stranger, written by Shelagh Delany of "A Taste of Honey" fame stars Miranda Richardson as Ruth Ellis (1926-55), last woman to be hanged in Britain; features the song Would You Dance With a Stranger by Mari Wilson. David Drury's Defence of the Realm (Jan. 1) (Hemdale Film Corp.), named after the 1914 British Defence of the Realm war powers act stars Gabriel Byrne as British journalist Nicholas "Nick" Mullen, who tries to prove that MP Dennis Markham (Ian Bannen) is being framed on being an East German spy with the help of Markham's secy. Nina Beckman (Greta Scacchi) and older colleague Vernon Bayliss (Denholm Elliott), exposing a coverup over a near nuclear accident at a secret USAF base in Britain. Susan Seidelman's Desperately Seeking Susan (Mar. 29), written by Leora Barish stars Madonna and Rosanna Arquette in second-hand store Gypsy clothing, sporting big hair with cheap gaudy jewelry, gloves, and other items which set the tone for fashion this year; the soundtrack features Madonna's Into the Groove. Marion Hansel's Dust stars Jane Birkin and Trevor Howard. Wolfgang Petersen's Enemy Mine (Dec. 20); based on a story by Barry Longyear; stars Dennis Quaid as human Willis E. Davidge, and Louis Gossett Jr. as asexually-reproducing reptilian Drac Jeriba "Jerry" Shigan, whose planets are at war and down each other on Fyrine IV, being forced to survive together, bringing themes of racial and sexual understanding to a new level. Joe Dante's Explorers (July 12) stars Ethan Green Hawke (1970-) in his film debut as teenie Ben Crandall, who inspires teenie genius Wolfgang Muller, played by River Jude Phoenix (Bottom) (1970-93) in his film debut to invent a spacecraft named Thunder Road out of a Tilt-A-Whirl car, and take off to another galaxy, where they meet some alien kids; also stars Jason Presson as Darren Woods, and Bobby Fite as Steve Jackson. Tom Holland's Fright Night (Aug. 2) (Vistar Films) (Columbia Pictures) stars William Ragsdale as 17-y.-o. Charley Brewster, fan of the horror TV series you know what, hosted by movie vampire hunter Peter Vincent (Roddy McDowall) (named after Peter Cushing and Vincent Price), who discovers that his creepy new next-door neighbor Jerry Dandrige (Chris Sarandon) is a real vampire, and has to go to his house and kill him on you know what night, but everybody thinks he's the boy who cried wolf; Amanda Bearse plays Charley's girlfriend Amy Peterson; Stephen Geoffreys plays Charley's friend Edward "Evil Ed" Thompson; does $24.9M box office on a $9.25M budget; "There are some very good reasons to be afraid of the dark"; spawns sequels "Fright Night Part 2" (1988), "Fright Night" (2011) (remake), and "Fright Night 2: New Blood" (2013). Nicolas Roeg's Insignificance stars Gary Busey and Tony Curtis. Don Dohler's The Galaxy Invader is about an alien from outer space who terrorizes Md. Luca Bercovici's Ghoulies (Jan. 18) (Empire Pictures) about a haunted house with a basement full of occult paraphernalia, which are used to conjure some demonic creatures who like to come up through toilets stars Michael des Barres, Jack Nance, Peter Liapis, Lisa Palikan, Scott Thompson, and Mariska Hargitay in her film debut; Bercovici's dir. debut; "Once they show up you can never get rid of them"; "They'll get you in the end!"; too bad, it is released after "Gremlines", and only does ? box office on a $5.5M budget. Jean-Luc Godard's Hail Mary (Je vous salue, Marie) (Jan. 23) (Sara Films), based on the book "L'Evangile au risque de la psychanalyse" by Francoise Dolto stars Myriem Roussel as Marie, who gets pregnant without having sex with her beau Joseph (Thierry Rode); also features Juliette Binoche as Juliette; its full frontal nudity scenes shock Roman Catholics, causing Pope John Paul II to utter the soundbyte that "it deeply wounds the religious sentiments of believers", drawing protesters and getting it banned in Argentina and Brazil, and causing a man to throw a shaving cream pie into Godard's face at the Cannes Film Festival, making it more popular? Jim Goddard's Hitler's SS: Portrait in Evil (Feb. 17) is an NBC-TV movie about German brothers Helmut and Karl Hoffmann (played by Bill Nighy and John Shea), who choose very different paths; Colin Jeavons plays Adolf Hitler. Hector Babenco's Kiss of the Spider Woman (July 26), based on the Manuel Puig novel stars William Hurt as a homo, and Raul Julia as a revolutionary who share a cell in South Am. Michael Schultz's Krush Groove (Oct. 25) is the first all-rap musical, starring Sheila E, Run-D.M.C., and the Fat Boys. Richard Donner's Ladyhawke (Apr. 12) (Warner Bros.) (20th Cent. Fox), based on a 13th cent. legend stars Rutger Hauer as knight Capt. Etienne of Navarre, who is cursed by the evil bishop of Aquila (John Wood) to have his babe Isabeau of Anjou (Michelle Pfeiffer) travel with him as a hawk by day and wolf by night; Matthew Broderick stars as his pickpocket companion Philippe Gaston the Mouse; does $18.4M box office on a $20M budget. Trevor Nunn's Lady Jane stars English actress Helena Bonham Carter (1966-) in her film debut as 15-y.-o. Lady Jane Grey, who was queen for 9 days in 1553. Ridley Scott's Legend (Dec. 13) stars Tom Cruise as Jack o' the Green, who takes on the Lord of Darkness (Tim Curry) over his babe Princess Lily (Mia Sara), with the magic of the unicorns being the key to the balance between light and darkness; Alice Playten plays evil goblin Blix; cool music by Tangerine Dream; becomes a cult film. Tobe Hooper's Lifeforce (June 21), based on the 1976 Colin Wilson novel "The Space Vampires" stars Steve Railsback, Peter Firth, Frank Finlay, and Mathilda May, about a European space shuttle that brings back three space vampires; does $11.6M box office on a $25M budget. Albert Brooks' Lost in America (Feb. 15) stars Brooks as $100K-a-year New York City ad exec David Howard, who cashes out to buy a Winnebago and cruise the U.S. with his wife Linda (Julie Hagerty), only to go broke in Las Vegas and spiral downward. Masahiro Shinoda's MacArthur's Children stars Masako Natsume and Shima Iwashata. Peter Bogdanovich's Mask (Mar. 8) (Universal Pictures) stars Eric Stoltz as Roy L. "Rocky" Dennis, a boy with elephantiasis (craniodiaphyseal dysplasia), who takes to the Azusa, Calif. biker community; Cher plays his borderline maudlin mother Florence "Rusty" Dennis, Sam Elliott plays her biker beau Gar, and Richard Dysart and Estelle Getty play Rocky's maternal grandparents; does $48.2M box office on a $7.5M budget. Stephen Frears' My Beautiful Laundrette (Sept. 7) (Working Title Films) (Channel Four Films) stars Gordon Warnecke as Omar Ali, a Pakistani immigrant in Battersea, Wandsorth, South London, who has a gay affair with street punk Johnny Burfoot (Daniel Day-Lewis) and end up running a you know what together; Saeed Jaffrey plays Omar's uncle Nasser Ali; does $2.45M box office on a Ł650K budget. Luis Puenzo's The Official Story, about Argentina's disappeared stars Norma Aleandro and Hector Alterio. Sydney Pollack's Out of Africa (Dec. 18) (Mirage Enterprises) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1937 autobio. of Danish writer Isak Dinesen (real name Karen Blixen) on a Kenyan coffee plantation is played by definitely not Danish-looking Meryl Streep, who hooks up with definitely not British-acting adventurer Denys Finch-Hatten (Robert Redford) while cuckolding almost believable Klaus Maria Brandauer; film score by John Barry; does $227.5M box office on a $28M budget. Clint Eastwood's Pale Rider (June 26) (The Malpaso Co.) (Warner Bros.) stars Clint Eastwood as The Preacher, who rides into the snowy mountain town of Lahood, Calif. and defends a group of prospectors from the thugs of miner Coy LaHood (Richard Dysart) after a prayer by 14-y.-o. Megan Wheeler (Sydney Penny); CArrie Snodgress plays her mother Sarah, and Michael Moriarty plays her beau Hull Baret; does $41.4M box office on a $6.9M budget. John Hughes' Pretty in Pink (Feb. 28) (Paramount Pictures) stars Molly Ringwald as Andie Walsh, Harry Dean Stanton as Jack Walsh, John Cryer as Phil "Duckie" Dale, and James Spader as Steff McKee in a teenie flick about a girl from the wrong side of the tracks, who catches the eye of rich popular Blane McDonough (Andrew McCarthy); features the song "If You Leave" by OMD (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark); does $40.4M box office on a $9M budget. John Huston's Prizzi's Honor (June 14), based on the 1982 Richard Condon novel stars Jack Nicholson and Kathleen Turner as mob hitmen who fall in love and are given contracts on each other; Anjelica Huston plays the horny daughter of Mafia Don William Hickey. Woody Allen's Purple Rose of Cairo stars Allen and Mia Farrow. Akira Kurosawa's Ran (Jap. "uprising") (May 31), based on Shakespeare's "King Lear" stars Tatsuya Nakadai as aging warlord Hidetora Ichimonji becomes the most expensive Japanese film produced to date ($12M), winning kudos from critics; musical score by Toru Takemitsu, inspired by Gustav Mahler; does $12M box office in Japan, and $2M-$3M in the U.S. Andre Techine's Rendez-vous makes a star of Paris-born Juliette Stalens Binoche (1964-) as provincial girl Nina, who travels to Paris to become an actress, hooking up with Quentin (Lambert Wilson), Scrutzler (Jean-Louis Trintignant), and Paulot (Wadeck Stanczak) and ending up playing Juliet. Dan O'Bannon's The Return of the Living Dead (Aug. 16) a sequel to George Romero's 1968 "Night of the Living Dead" stars Clu Galager, James Karen et al. in a zany horror film about teen punks fighting brain-eating zombies, spawning several sequels, incl. Pt. 2(1988) and Pt. 3 (1993). Ismail Merchant's and James Ivory's A Room with a View (Dec. 13) (Goldcrest Films) (FilmFour Internat.), based on the 1908 E.M. Forster novel about repressed upper-class Edwardian English in the countryside of gay Florence stars Helena Bonham Carter (her breakthrough role) as Lucy Honeychurch, and Maggie Smith as her aunt Charlotte Bartlett, who hook up with novelist Miss Eleanor Lavish (Judi Dench) and the father-son Emersons (Denholm Elliot as father, and Julian Sands as son George); Daniel Day-Lewis plays Cecil Vyse; does $21M box office on a $3M budget. Hugh Wilson's Rustlers' Rhapsody (May 10) (Paramount Pictures) is a parody of Western singing cowboy films, starring Tom Berenger as Rex O'Herlihan, who comes alive out of a B&W film; co-stars John Wayne's son Patrick Wayne, Andy Griffith, Fernando Rey, Marilu Henner, and Sela Ward; features Lasso the Moon by Gary Morris (#9 country); does $6M box office on a $15M budget. Claude Lanzmann's Shoah (Oct. 23) is a documentary on the WWII Jewish Holocaust. Giles Foster's Silas Marner (Dec. 30) is a TV movie based on the George Eliot novel starring Ben Kingsley. Lawrence Kasdan's Silverado (July 9) (Columbia Pictures), about the Wild West town of you know what stars Kevin Kline as Paden, Scott Glenn as Emmett, Kevin Costner as Jake, Danny Glove as Mal Johnson, and Brian Dennehy as Sheriff Cobb; the score by Bruce Broughton wins a best original score Oscar; does $32.1M box office on a $23M budget. John Landis' Spies Like Us (Dec. 6) stars Chevy Chase, Dan Aykroyd, and Donna Dixon; the title song is by Paul MCartney. Joel Schumacher's St. Elmo's Fire (June 28) is a ripoff of "The Big Chill", about Brat Packers just out of college and struggling with adulthood. Larry Cohen's The Stuff (June 14) (New World Pictures) is about an irresistible white yogurt-like substance that bubbles out of the ground and tastes yummy, getting marketed and becoming an addictive craze, after which it is discovered to be an eveil parasitic organism that turns people into zombies; stars Michael Moriarty as David "Mo" Rutherford; "Are you eating it... or is it eating you?" Juzo Itami's Tampopo (Dandelion) (Nov. 23) is a Japanese comedy about the inside of the perfect noodle business that turns viewers into noodle fiends; released in the U.S. in Sept. 1987. Peter Masterson's The Trip to Bountiful (Jan.), based on the Horton Foote play stars Geraldine Page as widow Carrie Watts, who makes a pilgrimage back to her childhood home in Tex. in the 1940s. Agnes Varda's Vagabond stars Sandrine Bonnaire. John Glen's A View to a Kill (May 22) (Eon Productions) (MGM/UA) (United Internat. Pictures) (James Bond 007 film #14), based on the Ian Fleming short story "From a View to a Kill" (1960) stars Roger Moore (7th and last appearance) as James Bond, Christopher Walken as bad guy Max Zorin, who has a plan to destroy Calif.'s Silicon Valley to corner the microchip market, Tanya Roberts as Stacey Sutton, Grace Jones as Zorin's henchwoman May Day, and Patrick Macnee as horse trainer Sir Godfrey Tibett; does $152.4M box office on a $30M budget; the A View to a Kill Theme is performed by Duran Duran. Tony Palmer's Wagner (Dec.), shot on 200 different locations stars Shell of Richard Burton in his last released film. John Hughes' Weird Science (Aug. 2) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1950s EC Comics series stars Anthony Michael Hall and Ilan Mitchell-Smith as h.s nerds Gary Wallace and Wyatt Donnelly, who create "perfect woman" Lisa ("don't hate me because I'm beautiful" Kelly LeBrock); also stars Robert Downey Jr. and Robert Rusler as bullies Ian and Max; does $38.9M box office; the theme song Weird Science is by Oingo Boingo. Peter Weir's Witness (Feb. 8) (Paramount Pictures) stars Harrison Ford as hunky Philly Det. Capt. John Book, who hides out from his own force on an Amish farm in Penn. with sexy but inhibited Rachel Lapp (Kelly McGillis) and her brat Samuel Lapp (Lukas Haas), rubbing up against her hunky beau Daniel (Alexander Godunov the defected Russian ballet dancer); McGillis gets hot after the release (if not in the film), allowing her to get her big part with Tom Cruise in the this-is-gonna-sound-like-a-bad-joke "Top Gun"; in 2009 she announces that she's turned lez; does $68.7M box office on a $12M budget. Plays: Earle Birney (1904-95), Words on Waves: Selected Radio Plays. Howard Brenton (1942-) and David Hare (1947-), Pravda (Nat. Theatre, London); stars David Hare. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), After the Ball is Over. Friedrich Durrenmatt (1921-90), The Execution of Justice; Zurich multimillionaire Isaak Kohler shoots a prof. in broad daylight, and hires a slick atty. to get him off. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Downfall: A Love Story (Nedstortad Angel). Dario Fo (1926-), One Was Nude and One Wore Tails. Horton Foote (1916-), The Road to the Graveyard; One-Armed Man; The Prisoner's Song; Blind Date. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), The Conduct of Life. Athol Fugard (1932-), The Road to Mecca; reclusive old widow Miss Helen. Herb Gardner (1934-2003), I'm Not Rappaport (Booth Theatre, New York) (Nov. 19) (1,071 perf.); cantankerous Jewish man Nat Moyer (Judd Hirsch) and feisty black woman Midge Carter sit every day on a bench; also stars Cleavon Little; title comes from an old vaudeville joke. Pam Gems (1925-), Pasionaria (Playhouse Theatre, Newcastle upon Tyne). David Hare (1947-) and Howard Brenton (1942-), Pravda. Beth Henley (1952-), The Debutante Ball and the Modern Neurosis. William Moses Hoffman (1939-), As Is (Lyceum Theatre, New York) (May 1) (285 perf.); pioneer play about gays and AIDS starring Jonathan Hadary and Jonathan Hogan. Rupert Holmes (1946-), The Mystery of Edwin Drood (musical) (Imperial Theatre, New York) (Dec. 2) (608 perf.); based on the unfinished Charles Dickens novel; stars George Rose, Cleo Laine, Howard McGillin; features the songs "Perfect Strangers", "Don't Quit While You're Ahead", "Moonfall". Tony Kushner (1956-), Yes, Yes, No, No: The Solace-of-Solstice, Apogee/Perigee, Bestial/Celestial Holiday Show (St. Louis, Mo.); A Bright Room Called Day (Apr. 22) (Theatre 22, New York). Frank McGuinness (1953-), Gatherers; Ladybag (Dublin); Baglady; Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching Towards the Somme (Abbey Theatre, Dublin). Mark Medoff (1940-), Kringle's Window. Roger Miller (1936-92) and William Hauptman (1942-), Big River: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (musical) (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (Apr. 25) (1,005 perf.); based on the 1884 Mark Twain novel; stars Rene Auberjonois as the Duke, Bob Gunton as the King, and John Goodman as Pap Finn, Daniel H. Jenkins as Huckleberry Finn, Gordon Connell as Mark Twain, and Ron Richardson as Jim. Marsha Norman (1947-), The Laundromat. John Pielmeier (1949-), The Boys of Winter (41 perf.). Claude-Michel Schonberg (1944-), Alain Boubil (1941-), and Herbert Kretzmer (1925-), Les Miserables (Misérables) (musical) (Palace Theatre, London) (Oct. 8); based on the 1862 Victor Hugo novel; stars Colin Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, and Michael Ball as Marius; features the songs I Dreamed a Dream, Do You Hear the People Sing?, Empty Chairs at Empty Tables. Wallace Shawn (1943-), Aunt Dan and Lemon. Sam Shepard (1943-), A Lie of the Mind (Promenade Theater, New York) (Dec. 5) (185 perf.). Neil Simon (1927-2018), Biloxi Blues (Neil Simon Theater, New York) (Mar. 28) (524 perf.); stars Matthew Broderick as Pvt. Eugene Morris Jerome. Stephen Sondheim (1930-) and James Lapine (1949-), Sunday in the Park with George (musical) (Pulitzer Prize); inspired by the Georges Seurat 1884 painting "Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte". Tom Stoppard (1937-), Rough Crossing; adapted from Ferenc Molnar's "Play at the Castle". Various Artists, Black and Blue (musical) (Chatelet Theatre, Paris) (Nov. 25); 21 vaudeville songs from the 1920s-1940s, starring Ruth Brown, Linda Hopkins, and a cast of 41. Andrew Lloyd Webber and Don Black, Song and Dance (musical) (Royale Theatre, New York) (Sept. 18) (474 perf.); stars Bernadette Peters, Christopher d'Amboise. Robert Wilson (1941-), Shakespeare's King Lear. David Wiltse (1941-), Doubles (Ritz Theater, New York) (May 8); a play about tennis starring Ron Leibman and Tony Roberts. Poetry: John Ashbery (1927-2017), Selected Poems. Paul Blackburn (1926-71), Collected Poems (posth.). Robert Bly (1926-2021), Loving a Woman in Two Worlds. William Bronk (1918-99), CarelessLove andIts Apostrophes. Turner Cassity (1929-2009), The Book of Alna. Rene Char (1907-88), Les Voisinages de Van Gogh. Douglas Dunn (1942-), Elegies. George Fetherling (1949-), Variorum: New Poems and Old, 1965-1985. Marilyn Hacker (1942-), Assumptions. Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), From the Republic of Conscience. Elizabeth Jennings (1926-2001), Extending the Territory (Sept.). Carolyn Kizer (1925-), Yin (Pulitzer Prize). Ted Kooser (1939-), One World at a Time. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), The Long Approach (Oct. 30). Larry Levis (1946-96), Winter Stars (Mar. 31). Joao Cabral de Melo Neto, Rough and Rude (Agrestes). Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004), Bells in Winter. Howard Moss (1922-87), New Selected Poems (May). Michael Ondaatje (1943-), Secular Love (July). Rochelle Owens (1936-), Constructs; Anthropoligists at a Dinner Party. Linda Pastan (1932-), A Fraction of Darkness. Sonia Sanchez (1934-), Homegirls and Handgrenades. Vikram Seth (1952-), The Humble Administrator's Garden. Charles Simic (1938-), Selected Poems, 1963–1983 (1986 Pulitzer Prize finalist). Dave Smith (1942-), The Roundhouse Voices: Selected and New Poems. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), New and Selected Poems (last). Novels: Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), Helliconia Winter; #3 in the Helliconia Trilogy. Isabel Allende (1942-), Of Love and Shadows. Chris Van Allsburg (1949-), The Polar Express; filmed in 2004. Lisa Alther (1944-), Other Women; Caroline Kelley and Hannah Burke. Isaac Asimov (1920-92), Robots and Empire; the decline and fall of Solaria. Margaret Atwood (1939-), The Handmaid's Tale; title inspired by Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales"; dedicated to her Harvard U. mentor Perry Miller; about the right-wing (Islamic?) Repub. of Gilead monotheocracy in post-nuclear Boston, Mass., showing how subjugated women fight back; the handmaid is Offred (Of Fred Waterford); filmed in 1990 by Volker Shlondorff, starring Natasha Richardson as Offred. Jean Marie Auel (1936-), The Mammoth Hunters (Sept.); Earth's Children #3; Ayla and Jondalar visit the Mamutoi, and she cheats on him with Ranec. Paul Benjamin Auster (1947-), City of Glass; first in the New York Trilogy (Ghosts, The Locked Room); detective Daniel Quinn. Martin Avis, Money. Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), Mum and Mr. Armitage (short stories). J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), The Voices of Time (short stories). Russell Banks (1940-), Continental Drift; Bob Dubois and Vanise Dorsinville. Clive Barker (1952-), The Damnation Game (first novel); Cabal. Julian Barnes (1946-), Putting the Boot In; pub. under alias Dan Kavanagh. Frederick Barthelme (1943-), Tracer. Barrington J. Bayley (1937-2008), The Forest of Peldain; The Rod of Light; sequel to "The Soul of the Robot" (1974). Greg Bear (1951-), Blood Music; about biotechnologist Vergil Ulam, who smuggles noocytes out of his co. in his bloodstream, which achieve intelligence and take over his body, then assimilate the pop. of North Am.; the first sci-fi novel about nanotechnology?; Eon, set in 2005, when the Potato/Stone appears in near Earth orbit, causing a race by the Soviet Union and U.S. to claim it; #1 in the Way series (1985-1999). Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Alte Meister: Komodie (Old Masters: A Comedy). Maeve Binchy (1940-), Echoes. Heinrich Boll (1917-85), Frauen vor Flusslandschaft (Women in a River Landscape) (July 29). Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), Los Conjurados. Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), Memoires de Judas. Ben Bova (1932-), Privateers; first in the Grand Tour series (1985-2009), about rebel billionaire Dan Randolph and his struggle to control the wealth of space. William Boyd, Stars and Bars. T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948-), Greaty Lake and Other Stories. Barbara Taylor Bradford (1933-), Hold the Dream. John Braine (1922-86), These Golden Days. David Brin (1950-), The Postman; a post-apocalyptic U.S. needs a postal worker for a hero; filmed in 1997 starring Kevin Costner. Anita Brookner (1928-), Family and Friends. Anthony Burgess, The Kingdom of the Wicked. James Lee Burke (1936-), The Convict and Other Stories (short stories). Herbert Burkholz (1933-2006), The Snow Gods (Apr.). Robert Olen Butler (1945-), On Distant Grounds; Vietnam War Trilogy #3. A.S. Byatt (1936-), Still Life. Taylor Caldwell (1900-85), Answer As a Man (June) (last novel). Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Saratoga Hot. Italo Calvino (1923-85), Mr. Palomar; a man attempts to name the parts of his own universe as if he had the telescope on Mt. Palomar. Orson Scott Card (1951-), Ender's Game; genius children incl. Andrew "Ender" Wiggin are trained at Battle School to work computers to kill the Buggers (Formics); big sci-fi hit for its portrayal of children as smarter than adults, although they are just as violent and cruel, spawning a series. Angela Carter (1940-92), Come Unto These Yellow Sands: Four Radio Plays; British music hall team Dora and Nora Chance, AKA the Lucky Chances. Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), The Prospector (Le Chercheur d'Or); about Alexis L'Estang of Anse aux Anglais, who is obsessed with finding the treasure of the Unknown Corsair on Rodrigues Island in Mauritius and dreams about his ideal childhood before his father's bankruptcy and death, traveling there in 1910 and falling for native girl Ouma until WWI makes him return to the Battle of Ypres and Battle of the Somme. Jackie Collins (1937-2015), Lucky; Lucky Santangelo #2. Larry Collins (1929-2005), Fall from Grace (June); a female British agent is sent to occupied France and realizes they will betray her if necessary. Robin Cook (1940-), Mindbend; Adam Schonberg goes to work for a mad drug co. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), A Dinner of Herbs; filmed in 2000; The Bannaman Legacy. Robert Cormier (1925-2000), Beyond the Chocolate War; sequel to "The Chocolate War" (1974). Iris Rainer Dart, Beaches; struggling redheaded actress Cee Cee Bloom and her conservative friend Bertie Barron, who meet in Atlantic City in 1951 as children, and hold reunions on or near beaches until Bloom dies from cancer in her late 30s; filmed in 1988. Guy Davenport (1927-2005), The Bicycle Rider (short stories). Robertson Davies (1913-95), What's Bred in the Bone; 2nd in the Cornish Trilogy. Len Deighton (1929-), London Match; Bernard Samson #3. Don DeLillo (1936-), White Noise (Jan. 21); Hitler Studies prof. Jack Gladney and his search for the fear of death drug Dylar. E.L. Doctorow (1931-), World's Fair; autobio. novel about growing up in the Bronx. Rita Dove (1952-), Fifth Sunday (short stories). Lawrence Durrell (1912-90), Quinx, or the Ripper's Tale; #5 and last in the Avignon Quintet (begun 1974). George Alec Effinger (1947-2002), The Nick of Time; time travel loses 2% of its travelers? Stanley Elkin (1930-95), The Magic Kingdom; Eddy Bale takes his kids to Disney's Magic Kingdom. Bret Easton Ellis (1964-), Less Than Zero (first novel); title based on the Elvis Costello song; hit about wealthy degenerate L.A. teenies into sex and drugs; filmed in 1987 starring Andrew McCarthy as rich college student Clay on winter break in LA in the early 1980s, James Ellroy (1948-), Suicide Hill. Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Immigrant's Daughter. Robert Lull Forward (1932-2002), Starquake. John Fowles (1926-), A Maggot; set in 1736-7 England. Nicholas Freeling (1927-2003), A City Solitary. Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), Gringo Viejo (Old Gringo); first U.S. bestseller written by a Mexican writer; inspired by the mysterious disappearance of "Devil's Dictionary" writer Ambrose Bierce during the 1910 Mexican Rev., claiming it's a U.S. govt. coverup and that he's buried under the very appropriate name of er, Winslow; filmed in 1989 as "The Old Gringo" starring Gregory Peck. William Gaddis (1922-98), Carpenter's Gothic. Mary Catherine Gordon (1949-), Men and Angels; Ann Foster, Caroline Watson, and babysitter Laura Post. Peter Handke (1942-), Slow Homecoming (short stories). John Hawkes (1925-98), Adventures in the Alaskan Skin Trade; Jack Deauville and his daughter Sunny, who runs the Alaska-Yukon Gamelands brothel; Innocence in Extremis. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), The Dangerous Summer (posth.); about Spanish bullfighters Dominguin (1926-96) and his brother-in-law Antonio Ordonez (1932-98) and the you now what of 1959; written while on vacation in Spain in 1959, and pub. in 1985; his last book. George V. Higgins (1939-99), Penance for Jerry Kennedy (Feb. 12); Jerry Kennedy #2. Jack Higgins (1929-), Confessional; Liam Devlin #3. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), Mermaids on the Golf Course (short stories). Rolando Hinojosa (1929-), Dear Rafe. Alice Hoffman (1952-), Fortune's Daughter. Janette Turner Hospital (1942-), Borderline. John Irving (1942-), The Cider House Rules; orphan Homer Wells and his medical boss Dr. Wilbur Larch; filmed in 1999 by Lasse Hallstrom. Denis Johnson (1949-), Fiskadoro; the post-nuclear world of Twicetown (formerly Key West). Wayne Johnson (1958-), The Story of Bobby O'Malley. Garrison Keillor, Lake Woebegone Days. Thomas Keneally (1935-), A Family Madness; rugby player Terry Delaney and security guard Rudi Kabbel. John Kessel (1950-) James Patrick Kelly (1951-), Freedom Beach (Oct.); Shaun Reed finds himself trapped in an Eden-like resort with a plaque signed by "The Dreamers". Jamaica Kincaid (1949-), Annie John. W.P. Kinsella (1935-), The Alligator Report (short stories); gives credit to Richard Brautigan's "Trout Fishing in America" (1967). Richard Lamm (1935-), Megatraumas: America at the Year 2000; a gloom-doom future story; "[O]ur lack of control of our borders allowed 2 million legal and illegal immigrants to settle in the United States every year. That caused unemployment to rise to 15.2 percent by 1990 and 19.1 percent this year. ... [T]he rash of firebombings throughout the Southwest, and the three-month siege of downtown San Diego in 1998 were all led by second-generation Hispanics, the children of immigrants." Anne Lamott (1954-), Joe Jones; Jessie's Cafe cook Louise pines for her jilted lover Joe. Brad Leithauser (1953-), Equal Distance (first novel). Siegfried Lenz (1926-), Exerzierzplatz (Training Ground). Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Glitz; psycho mama's boy Teddy Magyk wants to get even with a Miami cop. Doris Lessing (1919-2013), The Good Terrorist. Patricia MacLachlan (1938-), Sarah, Plain and Tall (Apr.) (Newbery Medal); late 19th cent. widowed Kan. prairie farmer Jacob Witting, with two children, Anna and Caleb, who advertises for a mail-order wife, and receives plain tall Sarah from Maine, who gets homesick, faces rejection, but eventually wins the children's hearts, helping him get over his past wife and marry him; filmed in 1991 starring Glenn Close and Christopher Walken; sequels are "Skylark" (1992), and "Winter's End" (1999) (set in 1915). Alistair MacLean (1922-87), The Lonely Sea (short stories) (Apr.). Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Akhenaten, Dweller in Truth. Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1927-2014), Love in the Time of Cholera; a study of love in all forms. Bobbie Ann Mason (1940-), In Country (first novel); filmed in 1989. Cormac McCarthy (1933-), Blood Meridian, or the Evening Redness in the West; his masterpiece?; the Kid vs. the scalp-hunting Glanton Gang in the Mexican borderlands in 1849-50; Judge Holden; based on Samuel Chamberlain's "My Confession". Colleen McCullough (1937-), A Creed for the Third Millennium. Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Fletch Won; Safekeeping. Jay McInerney (1955-), Ransom. Larry McMurtry (1936-), Lonesome Dove (Pulitzer Prize); retired Texas Rangers Capt. Augustus "Gus" McCrae and Capt. Woodrow F. Call run the Hat Creek Cattle Co. and Livery Emporium in the Tex. border town of Lonesome Dove and decide to drive a herd of cattle to begin the first cattle ranch N of the Yellowstone River and visit Gus' sweetheart Clara on the Platte River near Ogallala Neb.; based on the cattle drive of Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving, where Loving is attacked by Indians and dies of blood poisoning; turned into a TV miniseries in 1989 starring Robert Duvall and Tommy Lee Jones; followed by "Streets of Laredo", "Dead Man's Walk", and "Comanche Moon". James A. Michener (1907-97), Texas; hundreds of years of Tex. history; turned into a TV miniseries in 1994 dir. by Richard Lang, starring Stacy Keach, Benjamin Bratt, Rick Schroder, and Patrick Duffy. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Valley of Decision. Nicholasa Mohr (1935-), Rituals of Survival: A Woman's Portfolio (short stories). Brian Moore (1921-99), Black Robe; aborignes vs. French settlers in 17th cent. Canada. David Morrell (1943-), Rambo: First Blood Part II. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Paradise Postponed; left-winger Simeon Simcox leaves his millions to right-winger Leslie "the Toad" Titmuss. Haruki Murakami (1949-), Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World. Iris Murdoch (1919-99), The Good Apprentice. Larry Niven (1938-) and Jerry Pournelle (1933-), Footfall; bestseller; "Probably the first novel of alien invasion ever written"; the invasion of the Fithp, man-sized quadrupedal elephant aliens with multiple trunks from Alpha Centauri who come in on a Bussard Ramjet. Francois Nourissier (1927-), La Fete des Peres. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Solstice; Monica Jensen and Sheila Trask. Edna O'Brien (1930-), A Fanatic Heart (short stories). Grace Paley (1922-2007), Later the Same Day (short stories). Sara Paretsky (1947-), Killing Orders; V.I. Warshawski #3. Anne Rice (1941-2021), The Vampire Lestat; 2nd in the Vampire Chronicles. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), A Catskill Eagle; Spenser #12. Marge Piercy (1936-), Fly Away Home (Mar. 12); Boston cookbook Daria Walker gets divorced and rebuilds her life. Robert Pinget (1919-97), Charrue. Charles Portis (1933-), Masters of Atlantis. Richard Powers (1957-), Three Farmers on Their Way to a Dance (first novel); photographer August Sander. Angelo Rinaldi (1940-), Les Jardins du Consulat. Kim Stanley Robinson (1952-), The Memory of Whiteness; a unique musical instrument and its new master who tours the Solar System. Philip Roth (1933-2018), Zuckerman Bound: A Trilogy and Epilogue, 1979-1985. Carl Sagan (1934-96), Contact (first novel) (Sept.); agnostic Eleanor "Ellie" Arroway (named after Eleanor Roosevelt and Francois-Marie Arouet, AKA Voltaire), dir. of Project Argus in N.M. receives a repeating series of the first 261 prime numbers, followed by plans for a spaceship, and travels through wormholes to the center of the Milky Way, meeting with ETs who reveal that God is gone from the Universe but left hidden messages inside pi; author gets a $2M advance on the novel, largest so far for an unwritten book; filmed in 1997. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), De Guerre Lasse; La Maison de Raquel Vega. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Fourth Deadly Sin. Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88), El Griego (The Greek). Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Betsey Brown; an African-Am. girl runs away from home in 1950s St. Louis. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Life Goes On. Dan Simmons (1948-), Song of Kali (first novel); journalist Robert Luzcak is sent by his mag. to Calcutta, where he becomes involved with the horrible Kali cult. Joshua Sinclair (1953-), Shaka Zulu; filmed in 1987. Frank G. Slaughter (1908-2001), No Greater Love (last novel). Lee Smith (1944-), Family Linen. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Odd Number; #1 in the Pack of Lies Trilogy ("Rose Theatre", "Misterioso"). LaVyrle Spencer (1943-), Separate Beds; Spring Fancy. Norman Spinrad (1940-), Child of Fortune; Moussa joins some space hippies under the name Wendy for her wanderjahr. Danielle Steel (1947-), Wanderlust; Audrey Driscoll and Charlie Parker-Scott. Bruce Sterling (1954-), Schismatrix; about the Shaper/Mechanist universe. Irving Stone (1903-89), Depths of Glory: A Biographical Novel of Camille Pisarro; painter Camille Pissarro (1830-1903). Whitley Strieber (1945-), Wolf of Shadows. Patrick Suskind (1949-), Perfume: The Story of a Murderer; internat. bestseller (12M copies); filmed in 2006; serial killer Jean Baptiste Grenouille has a highly developed sense of smell. Han Suyin (1917-), The Enchantress. Peter Hillsman Taylor (1917-94), The Old Forest and Other Stories. John Toland (1912-2004), Gods of War (Feb. 8); the U.S. McGlynn family and the Japanese Toda family in WWII. Rose Tremain (1943-), Journey to the Volcano; The Swimming Pool Season. Anne Tyler (1941-), The Accidental Tourist; filmed in 1988. Barry Unsworth (1930-2012), Stone Virgin; Simon Raikes restores a 15th cent. Madonna sculpture in Venice. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Galapagos; after an apocalypse the last humans on Santa Rosalia evolve into seal-people. Peter De Vries (1910-93), The Prick of Noon (Apr.). Joseph Wambaugh (1937-), The Secrets of Harry Bright. Rebecca West (1892-1983), Cousin Rosamund (posth.); sequel to "This Real Night" (1984). William Wharton (1925-2008), Pride; 11-y.-o. Dickie Kettleson during the Great Depression. Edmund White (1940-), Caracole (Caper); Gabriel and Angelica in a land of decaying mansions in an occupied city. John A. Williams (1925-94), The Berhama Account (Jan. 1). Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), Loyalties; a group of friends live through Fascism and the Cold War. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), The Widow's Son; pt. 2 of The Historical Illuminatus Chronicles; Sigismundo Celine in 1772 Paris; "More important than Ulysses or Finnegans Wake" (Timothy Leary). Tobias Wolff (1945-), Back in the World (short stories). Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), McKenzie's Hundred (last novel). Sol Yurick (1925-2013), Behold Metatron: The Recording Angel (June); "The old philosopher's stone could convert base metals into gold. Now humans, real estate, social relations are converted into electronic signs carried in an electronic plasma. The dream of magical control has never been exorcised. Perhaps, after all, modern capitalism is a great factory for the production of angels." Births: Swiss "Dr. Ana Stelline in Blade Runner 2049" actress Carla Juri on Jan. 2 in Ambri, Ticino. Am. "Amanda Waller in Arrow", "Nadine Memphis in Shooter" actress (black) Cynthia Addai-Robinson on Jan. 12 in London, England; white Am. father, Ghanaian mother; emigrates to the U.S. in 1989; grows up in Washington, D.C. Am. 6'3" golfer Luke List on Jan. 14 in Seattle, Wash.; educated at Vanderbilt U. Am. 6'6" QB (Baltimore Ravens #5, 2008-18) (Denver Broncos #5, 2019-) Joseph Vincent "Joe" Flacco on Jan. 16 in Audubon, N.J.; educated at the U. of Pittsburgh, and U. of Delaware. Dutch singer Simone Johanna Maria Simons (Epica) on Jan. 17 in Hoensbroek. Am. "Whiplash" dir.-writer Damien Saye Chazelle on Jan. 19 in Providence, R.I.; educasted at Harvard U. Am. "Country Must Be Country Wide" country singer Brantley Keith Gilbert on Jan. 20 in Jefferson, Ga. Spanish 7'1" basketball center (white) (Memphis Grizzlies, 2008-19) (Toronto Raptors #33, 2019-) Marc Gasol Saez (Sáez) on Jan. 29 in Barcelona; brother of Pau Gasol (1980-); educated at Lausanne Collegiate School. English "Human" soul singer-songwriter (white) Rag'n'Bone Man (Rory Charles Graham) on Jan. 29 in Uckfield, East Sussex. Egyptian activist Asmaa Mahfouz on Feb. 1 in Cairo. Am. singer (Buddhist) Melody Gardot on Feb. 2 in N.J. Portuguese 6'2" soccer player (Juventus #7, 2018-) Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro on Feb. 5 in Funchal. Am. "Deb in Napoleon Dynamite" actress Tina Maria Majorino on Feb. 7 in Westlake, Calif. Am. rock bassist Jeremy Clayton Davis (Paramore) on Feb. 8 in North Little Rock, Ark. Am. serial murderer (Nation of Islam convert) Lee Boyd (John Lee) Malvo on Feb. 18 in Kingston, Jamaica. Am. singer-songwriter-actress Haylie Katherine Duff on Feb. 19 in Houston, Tex.; sister of Hilary Duff (1987-). Am. "Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves" actor Jacob Matthew "Jake" Richardson on Feb. 20 in Van Nuys, Calif. French-Swedish-Am. 6'11" basketball player (black) (Chicago Bulls #13, 2007-) ("the African Viking") Joakim Simon Noah on Feb. 25; son of Yannick Noah (1960-) and Cecilia Rhode (1961-); of French, Swedish, and Cameroonian descent. Serbian 5'9" tennis player Jelena Jankovic on Feb. 28 in Belgrade. Am. rock musician Thomas Joseph Erak (The Fall of Troy) on Mar. 7 in Seattle, Wash. Am. "Jay Adams in Lords of Dogtown" actor Emile Davenport Hirsch on Mar. 3 in Palms, Calif. Am. "Tarzan", "Hercules", "Poseidon", "Emmett Cullen in The Twilight Saga" actor (Christian) Kellan Christopher Lutz on Mar. 15 in Dickinson, N.C.; educated at Chapman U. Turkish first skater (first in Winter Olympics, 2006) Tugba Karademir on Mar. 17 in Ankara; moves to Canada in 1996. Am. 6'1" football running back (Minn. Vikings #28, 2007-) (black) ("the Purple Jesus") Adrian Lewis Peterson on Mar. 21 in Palestine, Tex.; educated at the U. of Okla. Am. "King George III in Hamilton" actor-singer (gay) Jonathan Drew Groff on Mar. 26 in Lancaster, Penn. Am. 6'3" football defensive end Christopher Howard "Chris" Long on Mar. 28 in Santa Monica, Calif. son of Howie Long (1960-); educated at the U. of Va. English "Pirates of the Caribbean" actress (actress) Keira Knightley (pr. KEE-ruh NART-lee) on Mar. 26 in Teddington, Middlesex; English father, Scottish mother. Am. "10 Things I Hate About You" actress Julia O'Hara Stiles on Mar. 28 in New York City. Swiss 6'0" tennis player Stanislas "Stan" Wawrinka on Mar. 28 in Lausanne, Switzerland. Am. baseball 2B player (New York Mets, 2008-9, 2011-15) (Washington Nationals, 2016-18), Chicago Cubs (2018), Colo. Rockies (2019-) Daniel Thomas Murphy on Apr. 1 in Jacksonville, Fla.; educated at Jacksonville U. Am. actor Joshua Ryan "Josh" Zuckerman on Apr. 1 in Stanford, Calif. English "A Moment Like This", "Bleeding Love" songer-songwriter (black) Leona Louise Lewis on Apr. 3 in Islington, London; Guyanese father, Anglo-Welsh-Italian mother. French 6'2" tennis player (black) Jo-Wilfried Tsonga Petsonga on Apr. 17 in Le Mans; Congolese father, French mother. Am. 5'11" Miss USA 2007 Rachel Renee Smith on Apr. 18 in Panama City, Panama; educated at Belmont U. Am. rocker Christian Coma (Christian Robert Mora) (Black Veil Brides) on Apr. 21 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. 6'9" tennis player John Robert Isner on Apr. 26 in Greensboro, N.C. Israeli "Gisele Yashar in The Fast and the Furious", "Wonder Woman" actress (Jewish) Gal Gadot (Heb. "wave shores/riverbanks") (Gadot-Varsano) on Apr. 30 in Rosh Haayin; parents are originally named Greenstein. English "The Fear", "Smile" singer-songwriter Lily Allen (Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper) on May 2 in Hammersmith, London; daughter of Keith Allen (1953-) and Alison Owen (1961-). Am. 6'1" auto racer Kyle Thomas Busch on May 2 in Las Vegas, Nev.; brother of Kurt Busch (1978-). Am. Olympic gold medal figure skater (Jewish) Sarah Elizbeth Hughes on May 2 in Great Neck, N.Y.; Canadian-Irish father and Jewish-Am. mother; sister of Emily Hughes (1989-). Am. "Grace Manning in Once and Again" actress Julia May Whelan on May 8 in Ore.; educated at Middlebury College, and Lincoln College, Oxford U. Nepalese Sherpa Temba Tsheri on May 9 in Tasi Nam. Am. 5'11" football RB (black) Jamario Thomas on May 10 in Spring Hill, Tex.; educated at North Texas U. Am. "Cowboys and Angels" country singer-songwriter Dustin Charles Lynch on May 14 in Nashville, Tenn. Am. 6'4" football QB (Atlanta Falcons #2, 2008-) Matthew Thomas "Matt" "Matty Ice" Ryan on May 17 in Exton, Penn.; educated at Boston College. Iranian 7'2" basketball player Hamed Haddadi on May 19 in Ahvaz; first Iranian to play in the NBA. South African 6'1" bicyclist Christopher "Chris" Froome on May 20 in Nairobi, Kenya. English singer Rosa Isabel Mutya Buena (Sugarbabes) on May 21 in Kingsbury, London; of Filipino, Chinese, and Irish descent. Am. 6'4" golfer Jason "Rake" Kokrak on May 22 in North Bay, Ont., Canada; grows up in Warren, Ohio; educated at Xavier U. Am. "Bubbly" singer Colbie Marie Caillat (pr. ka-LAY) on May 28 in Newbury Park, Calif.; daughter of producer Ken Caillat - descended from Yippee Yiyo Caillat? English "Jenny in An Education", "Winnie Gekko in Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps" actress Carey Hannah Mulligan on May 28 in Westminster, London. Israeli model (Jewish) Bar Refaeli on June 4 in Hod HaSharon. Am. "The Man I Want to Be" country singer Christopher Alan "Chris" Young on June 12 in Murfreeesboro, Tenn. s Am. singer-songwriter (American Idol #8 winner) Kristopher Neil "Kris" Allen on June 21 in Jacksonville, Ark. Am. comedian Michelle Wolf on June 21 in Hershey, Penn.; educated at the College of William and Mary. Am. "Morgan Matthews in Boy Meets World" actress Lindsay Ridgeway on June 22 in Riverside, Calif. Russian tennis player Svetlana Aleksandrovna Kuznetsova on June 27 in St. Petersburg (Leningrad). Am. Olympic swimmer Michael Fred Phelps II on June 30 in Baltimore, Md. French "Madeleine Swann in Spectre" actress (bi) Lea Seydoux (Léa Hélčne Seydoux-Fornier de Clausonne) on July 1 in Paris. Am. "Sharpay Evans in High School Musical" Ashley Michelle Tisdale on July 2 in Monmouth County, N.J. English "Ashley Thompson in Time Gentlemen Please" actor Dean Cook on July 3 in ?. Am. 5'7" soccer player (lesbian) Megan Anna Rapinoe on July 5 in Redding, Calif. English musician Nicholas "Nick" O'Malley (Arctic Monkeys) on July 5 in Sheffield. English musician Jamie Phillip Cook (Arctic Monkeys) on July 8 in Sheffield. Am. 5'11" football CB (black) ("Revis Island" ) (New York Jets, 2007-12) Darrelle Shavar Revis on July 14 in Aliquippa, Pann. Am. "Sam Weir in Freaks and Geeks" actor-dir. John Francis Daley on July 20 in Wheeling, Ill. English "Trife in Kidulthood", "Malcolm in Harry's Law", "Alby in The Maze Runner" actor (black) Aml Eysan Ameen on July 30 in London. Am. "Jessica Stanley in Twilight", "Beca Mitchell in Pitch Perfect", "Natalie Keener in Up in the Air" actress Anna Cooke Kendrick on Aug. 9 in Portland, Maine; of English, Irish, and Scottish descent; sister of Michael Cooke Kendrick (1983-). Am. Repub. politician (Hindu) (libertarian) Vivek (rhymes with cake) Ganapathy Ramaswamy on Aug. 9 in Cincinnati, Ohio; Tamil-speaking Hindu Brahmin Indian immigrant parents; educated at Harvard U., and Yale U. Law School. Afghani al-Qaida terrorist Najibullah Zazi on Aug. 10 in Pakstia Province; grows up in Peshawar, Pakistan; emigrates to the U.S. in 1999. Am. rapper (white) Asher Paul Roth on Aug. 11 in Morrisville, Penn. Am. "Buster Blues in Blues Brothers 2000" actor J. Evan Bonifant on Aug. 19 in Virginia Beach, Va. Am. country singer Brian Kelley (Florida Georgia Line) on Aug. 26 in Jacksonville, Fla. Am. baseball pitcher (black) (lefty) (Tampa Bay Rays, 2008-14) (Boston Red Sox #24, 2016-) David Taylor Price on Aug. 26 in Murfreesboro, Tenn.; educated at Vanderbilt U. Am. country singer-songwriter Charlie Worsham on Sept. 1 in Jackson, Miss.; grows up in Grenada, Miss.; educated at Berklee College of Music. Am. rock drummer Andrew Forsman (The Fall of Troy) on Sept. 2. Am. TV journalist (lapsed Methodist) Brian Patrick Stelter on Sept. 3 in Damascus, Md.; educated at Towson U. Am. baseball pitcher (Tampa Bay Rays, 2009-12) (Kansas City Royals, 2013-6) (Chicago Cubs, 2017) (Colorado Rockies #71, 2018-) Wade Allen Davis on Sept. 7 in Lake Wales, Fla. Am. 6'7" basketball guard (black) (Golden State Warriors #34, 2014-) Shaun Patrick Livingston on Sept. 11 in Peoria, Ill. Canadian singer-songwriter Daniel Bosco Fernandes on Sept. 16 in Toronto, Ont.; of Portuguese and Italian descent; brother of Shawn Desman (1983-). Lebanese-Am. actress (2010 Miss USA) (Shiite-turned-Marionite Christian) Rima Fakih on Sept. 22 in Srifa; emigrates to the U.S. in 1993; educated at the U. of Mich. British Islamist terrorist (black) (Muslim convert) Germaine Lindsay (Abdullah Shaheed Jamal) (d. 2005) on Sept. 23 in Jamaica; emigrates to England at age 5; husband of Samantha Lewthwaite (1983-). Am. comedian (Muslim) Hasan Minhaj on Sept. 23 in Davis, Calif.; Muslim Indian immigrant parents; educated at UCD. Am. "Epiphany" rapper-singer-producer (black) T-Pain (Faheem Rasheed Najm) (Nappy Headz) on Sept. 30 in Tallahassee, Fla.; Muslim parents; nickname is short for Tallahassee Pain. Am. "Doo-Wops & Hooligans" singer-songwriter-producer Bruno Mars (Peter Gene Hernandez) on Oct. 8 in Honolulu, Hawaii; of Filipino and Puerto Rican descent. Austrian 6'2" golfer Bernd Wiesberger on Oct. 8 in Vienna. Am. "Dawn Summers in Buffy the Vampire Slayer" actress (Jewish) Michelle Christine Trachtenberg on Oct. 11 in New York City; Am. father, Russian mother. Am. "Washington Week" PBS journalist Robert Costa on Oct. 14 in Richmond, Va.; educated at the U. of Notre Dame, and Cambridge U. Venezuelan baseball right/left fielder (Colo. Rockies #5, 2009-18) (Cleveland Indians #24, 2019-) Carlos Eduardo Gonzales (Cargo or CarGo) on Oct. 17 in Maracaibo. Am. "Claire Kyle in My Wife and Kids" actress (black) Jennifer Nicole Freeman on Oct. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. rock musician Zachary "Zach" Hanson (Hanson) on Oct. 22 in Arlington, Va. Am. "Carmen Lopez in George Lopez" actress Masiela Lusha on Oct. 23 in Los Angeles, Calif.; raise in Tirana, Albania. Italian 7'0" basketball player (white) (Toronto Raptors #7, 2006-13) (New York Knicks #77, 2013-) Andrea Bargnani on Oct. 26 in Rome, Italy. Am. 5'11" football WR (St. Louis Rams, 2009-12) (New England Patriots #80, 2013-17) Daniel James "Danny Playoff" "Playoff Dola" Amendola on Nov. 2 in The Woodlands, Tex.; educated at Texas Tech. English actor Jack Joseph Osbourne on Nov. 8 in Westminster, London; son of Ozzy Osbourne (1948-) and Sharon Osbourne (1952-). Am. "The Bachelor" actress Shayne Dahl Lamas on Nov. 9 in Malibu, Calif.; daughter of Lorenzo Lamas (1958-); winner of season 12 of "The Bachelor" with Matt Grant (1980-). Am. Repub. politician (black) Daniel Jay Cameron on Nov. 22 in Elizabethtown, Ky.; educated at U. of Louisville. Am. rapper-actor (black) Lil' Fizz (Dreux Pierre Frederic) on Nov. 26 (B2K) in Los Angeles, Calif. Canadian "Kim Pine in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World" actress Alison Courtney Pill on Nov. 27 in Toronto, Ont. Am. "Bridget Hennessy in 8 Simple Rules", "Billie Jenkins in Charmed", "Penny in The Big Bang Theory" actress Kaley Christine Cuoco on Nov. 30 in Camarillo, Calif.; Italian descent father, English-German descent mother. German-Turkish "Ayla Ozgul" actress (Muslim?) Sila Sahin on Dec. 3 in Spandau, Berlin; Christian mother. Am. "Chloe", "Sophie Sheridan in Mamma Mia!" actress-singer-songwriter Amanda Michelle Seyfried (pr. SIGH-frid) on Dec. 3 in Allentown, Penn. Am. Olympic fencer (black) (Muslim) Ibtihaj Muhammad on Dec. 4 in Maplewood, N.J. Am. "Malcolm in Malcolm in the Middle" actor Francisco "Frankie" Muniz (Muńiz) IV on Dec. 5 in Wood-Ridge, N.J. Am. "Olivia Kendall in The Cosby Show", "Raven Baxter in Raven's Home" actress-comedian-musician (black) (gay) Raven-Symone (Raven-Symoné) Christina Pearman on Dec. 10 in Atlanta, Ga.; known for doing samurai squats on stage. Am. 5'4" Miss USA 2006 Tara Elizabeth Conner on Dec. 18 in Dallas, Tex. English "Love Me or Hate Me" rapper (gay) Lady Sovereign (Louise Amanda Harman) on Dec. 19 in Wembley, London. Am. "Caroline Channing in 2 Broke Girls" actress Beth Behrs on Dec. 26 in Lancaster, Penn.; grows up in LYnchburg, Va. educated at UCLA. Am. political adviser Saikat Chakrabati on ? in Fort Worth, Tex.; Bengali immigrant parents; educated at Harvard U. Deaths: German-born English philanthropist (co-founder of the London Philharmonic Orchestra) Sir Robert Mayer (d. 1985) on Jan. 9; emigrated to England in 1896; oldest person to receive a British knighthood (1979). Russian-born French painter Marc Chagall (b. 1887) on Mar. 28 in St. Paul de Venne. Chinese diplomat Vi Kyuin Wellington Koo (b. 1887) on Nov. 14 in New York City. German Nazi political theorist Carl Schmitt (b. 1888) on Apr. 7 in Plettenberg, West Germany: "The sovereign is he who decides on the exception." Am. economist Stuart Chase (b. 1888) on Nov. 16 in Redding, Conn.: "Common sense is that which tells us the world is flat." German-born Am. physicist Paul Peter Ewald (b. 1888) on Aug. 22 in Ithaca, N.Y. Japanese Gen. Shozo Sakurai (b. 1889) on July 7 in Tokyo. Am. Coca-Cola Co. pres. (1923-54) Robert Winship Woodruff (b. 1889) on Mar. 7 in Atlanta, Ga. Russian-born Am. violinist Efrem Zimbalist Sr. (b. 1889) on Feb. 22. Am. baseball pitcher "Smokey Joe" Wood (b. 1890) on July 27 in West Haven, Conn. English "Suspicion", "Gigi" actress Isabel Jeans (b. 1891) on Sept. 4 in London. Am. lexicographer Mitford McLeod Mathews (b. 1891) on Feb. 14. Welsh writer Kate Roberts (b. 1891) in Denbigh. Am. actress Ina Claire (b. 1892) on Feb. 21 in San Francisco, Calif. (heart attack). Am. actor Lincoln Theodore Perry (Stepin Fetchit) (b. 1892) on Nov. 19; first widely-known black actor in Hollywood. French politician Jules Salvador Moch (b. 1893) on Aug. 1 in Cabris, Aples-Maritimes. Canadian hockey hall-of-fame mgr. Frank Selke (b. 1893) on July 3 in Rigaud, Quebec. Japanese Seicho-no-ie founder Masaharu Taniguchi (b. 1893) on July 17 in Nagasaki. Hungarian-born Am. photographer Andre Kertesz (b. 1894) on Sept. 28 in New York City: "The camera is my tool. Through it I give a reason to everything around me." Am. music publisher Irving Mills (b. 1894) on Apr. 21 in Palm Springs, Calif.; discoverer of Duke Ellington, Hoagy Carmichael, and Dorothy Fields. Am. poet-novelist Robert Nathan (b. 1894) on May 25: "There is no distance on this earth as far away as yesterday." Am. baseball player Bill Wambsganss (b. 1894) on Dec. 8 in Lakewood, Ohio.; first unassisted triple play in the WS (1920). U.S. Rep. (R-Ill.) (1935-74) Leslie Cornelius Arends (b. 1895) on July 17 in Naples, Fla. French zoologist Piere-Paul Grasse (b. 1895) on July 9. English "I, Claudius" writer Robert Ranke Graves (b. 1895) on Dec. 7 in Deia, Majorca, Spain. Am. Mormon church pres. #12(1973-85) Spencer W. Kimball (b. 1895) on Nov. 5 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Am. "I shot an elephant in my pajamas" dramatist-lyricist Morrie Ryskind (b. 1895) on Aug. 24 in Washington, D.C. French-born Am. composer-astrologer Dane Rudhyar (b. 1895) on Sept. 13 in San Francisco, Calif. Am. economist Holbrook Working (b. 1895) on Oct. 5. U.S. Sen. (D-N.C.) (1954-74) Sam J. Ervin Jr. (b. 1896) on Apr. 23 in Winston-Salem, N.C.; chmn. of the 1973 Senate Watergate Committee. Am. "Rosemary's Baby" actress Ruth Gordon (b. 1896) on Aug. 28 in Edgartown, Mass. Am. actress Mary Macdonald (b. 1896) on Nov. 9 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. Marx Bros. comedy writer Morris Ryskind (b. 1896) on Aug. 24. Am. composer Roger Sessions (b. 1896) on Mar. 16 in Princeton, N.J. Am. radio pioneer C.D. Tuska (b. 1896) on June 30 in Cranbury, N.J. Italian-born Am. chef Hector Boiardi (b. 1897) on June 21 in Parma, Ohio. Am. Twinkie inventor James Alexander Dewar (b. 1897) on June 30 in Downers Grove, Ill. Am. microbiologist John Franklin Enders (b. 1897) on Sept. 8 in Waterford, Conn.; 1954 Nobel Medicine Prize. English lit. critic G. Wilson Knight (b. 1897) on Mar. 20. Dutch-born Am. microbiologist Cornelius Van Niel (b. 1897) on Mar. 10 in Carmel, Calif. Am. actor George Chandler (b. 1898) on June 10 in Panorama City, Calif. Am. "Airport", "True Grit" film dir. Henry Hathaway (b. 1898) on Feb. 11 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. "American Mercury" ed. Eugene Lyons (b. 1898). Algerian nationalist leader Ferhat Abbas (b. 1899). Hungarian ballpoint pen inventor Laszlo Jozsef Biro (b. 1899) on Nov. 24 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. British historian Arthur Bryant (b. 1899) on Jan. 2. Australian virologist Sir Macfarlane Burnet (b. 1899) on Aug. 31 in Melbourne; 1960 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. "Cheyenne Autumn" cowboy actor George O'Brien (b. 1899) on Sept. 4 in Broken Arrow, Okla. Hungarian-born conductor Eugene Ormandy (b. 1899) on Mar. 12 in Philadelphia, Penn. Philippine diplomat Carlos P. Romulo (b. 1899) on Dec. 15. Canadian poet F.R. Scott (b. 1899) on Jan. 30. Am. actress Gale Sondergaard (b. 1899) on Aug. 14 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Am. John Birch Society founder Robert Welch Jr. (b. 1899) on Jan. 6 in Winchester, Mass.: "Madison and Hamilton and Jay and their compatriots of the Convention prepared and adopted a Constitution in which they nowhere even mentioned the word democracy, not because they were not familiar with such a form of government, but because they were"; "The American Republic was bound - is still bound - to follow in the centuries to come the same course to destruction as did Rome." Am. "New Yorker", "Stuart Little", "Charlotte's Web", "Talk of the Town", "The Elements of Style" humorist children's writer E.B. White (b. 1899) on Oct. 1 in North Brooklin, Maine (Alzheimer's): "People are, if anything, more touchy about being thought silly than they are about being thought unjust"; "There is nothing more likely to start disagreement among people or countries than an agreement." English-born Am. "Tobacco Road" novelist Taylor Caldwell (b. 1900) on Sept. 2 in Greenwich, Conn. (pulmonary failure); sold 30M copies: "It is a stern fact of history that no nation that rushed to the abyss ever turned back. Not ever, in the long history of the world. We are now at the edge of the abyss. Can we, for the first time in history, turn back? It is up to you." English "Briggflatts" poet Basil Bunting (b. 1900) on Apr. 17 in Hexham, Northumberland. Am. "Dick Tracy" cartoonist Chester Gould (b. 1900) on May 11 in Woodstock, Ill. (heart failure). Dutch theologian (secy. gen. #1 of the World Council of Churches, 1948-66) Willem Visser't Hooft (b. 1900) on July 4. Am. Marriott Corp. founder John Willard Marriott (b. 1900) on Aug. 13 in Wolfeboro, N.H. (heart attack). Am. "Chmn. of the Committee in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" philosopher Richard McKeon (b. 1900) on Mar. 31 in Chicago, Ill. Mauritius PM (1968-82) Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (b. 1900) on Dec. 15 in Port Louis. Am. seismology pioneer Charles Francis Richter (b. 1900) on Sept. 30 in Pasadena, Calif. (heart failure). Am. tenor Morton Downey (b. 1901) on Oct. 25. French artist Jean Dubuffet (b. 1901) on May 12 in Paris (emphysema). Am. singer Annette Hanshaw (b. 1901) on Mar. 13. Russian-born Am. economist Simon Kuznets (b. 1901) on July 8 in Cambridge, Mass.; 1971 Nobel Economics Prize. English Jaguar Cars co-founder Sir William Lyons (b. 1901) on Feb. 8 in Warwickshire. English spelling reformer Sir James Pitman (b. 1901) on Sept. 1. Polish-born Am. "Lawrence of Arabia" producer Sam Spiegel (b. 1901) on Dec. 31 in St. Martin, Channel Islands. German-born Am. political philosopher Eric Voegelin (b. 1901) on Jan. 19 in Stanford, Calif. French historian Fernand Braudel (b. 1902) on Nov. 28 in Paris: "History may be divided into three movements: what moves rapidly, what moves slowly and what appears not to move at all." Am. "Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz" actress Margaret Hamilton (b. 1902) on May 16 in Salisbury, Conn. (heart attack) (cremated). Am. statesman Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (b. 1902) on Feb. 27 in Beverly, Mass. Austrian mathematician Karl Menger (b. 1902) on Oct. 5 in Highland Park, Ill. Am. "Julia" actor Lloyd Nolan (b. 1902) on Sept. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lung cancer). Am. journalist Merlo John Pusey (b. 1902) on Nov. 22 in Washington, D.C. (cancer). Canadian hall-of-fame hockey player Eddie Shore (b. 1902) on Mar. 16 in Springfield, Mass. Am. football player Adam Walsh (b. 1902). Am. celeb chef James Beard (b. 1903) on Jan. 21 in New York City (heart failure); in 1986 the James Beard Foundation is established in his honor by Inst. of Culinary Education founder Peter Kump, issuing the annual James Beard Foundation Awards, "the Oscars of Food". Am. Look mag. publisher Gardner Cowles Jr. (b. 1903) on July 8 in Southampton, N.Y. (heart attack). Am. Abe Lincoln descendant Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith (b. 1904) on Dec. 24 in Saluda, Va.; last direct descendant of Pres. Abe Lincoln. Canadian psychologist Donald Hebb (b. 1904) on Aug. 20 in Chester, N.S. Am. Ritz Brothers comedian Jimmy Ritz (b. 1904) on Nov. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. Ukrainian-born Israeli Jewish activist Moshe Zvi Segal (b. 1904) on Sept. 25. Irish-born Canadian Maj. Gen. Christopher Vokes (b. 1904) onu Mar. 27 in Oakville, Ont. English composer William Alwyn (b. 1905) on Sept. 11 in Southwold, Suffolk. Am. physicist and UFO researcher Thomas Townsend Brown (b. 1905) on Oct. 22. English "Max Detweiler in The Sound of Music" actor Robert Haydn (b. 1905) on Apr. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Ol' Perfessor of the Kollege of Musical Knowledge" bandleader Kay Kyser (b. 1905) on July 23 in Chapel Hill, N.C.: "That's right - you're wrong." Brazilian pres. #28 (1969-74) Emilio Garrastazu Medici (b. 1905) on Oct. 9 in Rio de Janeiro. Am. Neo-Evangelical Christian minister Harold Ockenga (b. 1905) on Feb. 8 (cancer); "He was a giant among giants. Nobody outside of my family influenced me more than he did. I never made a major decision without first calling and asking his advise and counsel." (Billy Graham) Am. "Pandora's Box" actress Louise Brooks (b. 1906) on Aug. 8 in Rochester, N.Y.: "I like to drink and fuck." English novelist James Hadley Chase (b. 1906) on Feb. 6. Am. composer Paul Creston (b. 1906) on Aug. 24 in Powal (near San Diego), Calif. Australian-Am. tennis player-coach Harry Hopman (b. 1906) on Dec. 27 in Seminole, Fla. (heart attack). Am. jazz musician Little Brother Montgomery (b. 1906) on Sept. 6 in Champaign, Ill. Scottish-born Am. novelist Helen MacInnes (b. 1907) on Sept. 30 in New York City. Am. Tex. gov. #37 (1949-57) Robert Allan Shivers (b. 1907) on Jan. 14 in Austin, Tex. (heart attack). Am. electrical engineer John George Trump (b. 1907) on Feb. 21. Am. "Lassie" animal trainer Rudd Weatherwax (b. 1907) on Feb. 25. Am. jazz trombonist Dickie Wells (b. 1907) on Nov. 12 in New York City. Am. "How High the Moon" singer-songwriter Nancy Hamilton (b. 1908) on Feb. 18 in New York City. Albanian dictator (1941-85) Enver Hoxha (b. 1908) on Apr. 11 in Tirana (stroke). Am. "Walking Tall" dir. Phil Karlson (b. 1908) on Dec. 12. English actor Sir Michael Redgrave (b. 1908) on Mar. 21 in Buckinghamshire. Am. jazz trumpeter Cootie Williams (b. 1908) on Sept. 15; last surviving member of the 1920s Duke Ellington Orchestra. South African-born Am. "The Saint" actor Louis Hayward (b. 1909) on Feb. 21 in Palm Springs, Calif. (lung cancer). Am. comedian Mickey Katz (b. 1909) on Apr. 30. Am. "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree", "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" songwriter Johnny Marks (b. 1909) on Sept. 3 in New York City. Am. Transamerica Pyramid architect William Pereira (b. 1909) on Nov. 13 in Los Angeles, Calif. Sudanese Muslim reformer Mahmoud Mohammed Taha (b. 1909) on Jan. 18 in Khartoum (executed). Am. country actor-singer Curley Bradley (b. 1910) on June 3 in Long Beach, Calif. Am. humorist Abe Burrows (b. 1910) on May 17. Am. poet Robert Fitzgerald (b.. 1910) on Jan. 16 in Hamden, Conn. Am. chemist Paul John Flory (b. 1910) on Sept. 9 in Big Sur, Calif.; 1974 Nobel Chem. Prize. Dutch-born Am. economist Tjalling Koopmans (b. 1910) on Feb. 26 in New Haven, Conn.; 1975 Nobel Econ. Prize. Am. black lesbian Episcopal priest Pauli Murray (b. 1910) on July 1. Am. jazz trumpeter Cootie Williams (b. 1910) on Sept. 15 in New York City. English journalist James Cameron (b. 1911) on Jan. 26. Soviet leader Konstantin U. Chernenko (b. 1911) on Mar. 10 in Moscow. Am. Miss America 1927 Lois Delander (b. 1911) on Jan. 23 near Chicago, Ill. Am. "Sky King" actor Kirby Grant (b. 1911) on Oct. 30 near Titusville, Fla. (automobile accident). Am. jazz drummer Papa Jo Jones (b. 1911) on Sept. 3. Am. baseball player Van Lingo Mungo (b. 1911) on Feb. 12 in Pageland, S.C. U.S. surgeon gen. #9 (1961-5) Luther Leonidas Terry (b. 1911) on Mar. 29 in Philadelphia, Penn. (heart failure). Am. blues singer Big Joe Turner (b. 1911) on Nov. 24 in Inglewood, Calif. (heart failure). Am. "Sgt. Bilko" comedian Phil Silvers (b. 1911) on Nov. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif.. Irish actor Wilfrid Brambell (b. 1912) on Jan. 18 in London (cancer). Am. actor James Craig (b. 1912) on June 28 in Santa Ana, Calif. Uganda pres. (1979) Yusuf Lule (b. 1912) on Jan. 12 in Hammersmith, London (kidney failue). Italian novelist Elsa Morante (b. 1912) on Nov. 25 in Rome (heart attack). Am. "Michael Anthony in The Millionaire" actor Marvin Miller (b. 1913) on Feb. 8 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. writer Will Oursler (b. 1913). Am. "The greatest voice ever recorded" actor Alexander Scourby (b. 1913) on Feb. 22 in Newtown, Conn. (heart attack). British Labour Party politician George Brown (b. 1914) on June 2 in Truro (cirrhosis of the liver). Am. jazz drummer Kenny Clarke (b. 1914) on Jan. 26 in Montreul-sous-bois, France (heart attack). English peace symbol designer Gerald Holtom (b. 1914) on Sept. 18. Am. Gambino crime family boss (1976-85) Paul Castellano (b. 1915) on Dec. 16 in Manhattan, N.Y. (murdered). Am. historian Walter Johnson (b. 1915) on June 14. Am. Mormon leader Bruce R. McConkie (b. 1915) on Apr. 19 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Am. "D.O.A." actor Edmond O'Brien (b. 1915) on May 15 in Inglewood, Calif. (Alzheimer's). U.S. Supreme Court justice (conservative Eisenhower Repub.) (1958-81) Potter Stewart (b. 1915) on Dec. 7 in Hanover, N.H. (stroke): "I know it when I see it" (hardcore porno) (1964). Am. "Citizen Kane" "Hollywood's Boy Genius" film actor-dir.-writer Orson Welles (b. 1915) on Oct. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack): his ashes are scattered in a bullring in his favorite haunt of Ronda in S Spain; "My personality is that of the egotistical adventurer"; "I wouldn't act a role if it was not felt as dominating the whole story"; "Everybody denies I am a genius - but nobody ever called me one"; "I started at the top and worked down"; "The oldest enfant terrible in the world" (Paul Holt); "An active loafer, a wise madman" (Jean Cocteau). Am. athlete Sam Stoller (b. 1915) on May 29. Soviet #1 pianist Emil Gilels (b. 1916) on Oct. 14 in Moscow (kidney failure). Am. baseball announcer Bob Prince (b. 1916) on June 10 in Pittsburgh, Penn.: "Never underestimate the power of the Green Weenie." Russian astronomer Josef Shklovskii (b. 1916) on Mar. 3. German novelist Heinrich Boll (b. 1917) on July 16 near Bonn (arteriosclerosis); 1972 Nobel Lit. Prize. Am. CBS News correspondent Charles Collingwood (b. 1917) on Oct. 3 in New York City (cancer). Am. folk singer Lila May Ledford (b. 1917) on July 14 in Lexington, Ky. Mexican actress Margo (b. 1917) on July 17 in Pacific Palisades, Calif. (brain cancer). English biochemist Rodney Robert Porter (b. 1917) on Sept. 7 in Winchester, Hampshire (car accident); 1972 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. "Kukla, Fran and Ollie" puppeteer Burr Tillstrom (b. 1917) on Dec. 6 in Palm Springs, Calif. Am. country singer Tex Williams (b. 1917) on Oct. 11 (pancreatic cancer). English actor Richard Greene (b. 1918) on June 1 in Norfolk, Va. (heart attack). British politican-diplomat David Ormsby-Gore, 5th baron Harlech (b. 1918) on Jan. 26 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Am. sci-fi novelist Theodore Sturgeon (b. 1918) on May 8 in Eugene, Ore. (lung fibrosis); known for Sturgeon's Law (1951); "90% of science fiction is crud, but then, 90% of everything is crud." Am. Glenn Miller Band vocalist Johnny Desmond (b. 1919) on Sept. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. painter Gene Davis (b. 1920) on Apr. 6 in Washington, D.C. (heart attack). Russian-born Am. "The Magnificent Seven" actor Yul Brynner (b. 1920) on Oct. 9/10 in New York City (lung cancer); smokes his way through 4,625 performances of "The King and I" over 35 years (since 1951); disinherits his five children, giving his estate to his young 4th wife: "People don't know my real self and they're not about to find out." Am. "Bullwinkle the Moose" voice actor Bill Scott (b. 1920) on Nov. 29 in Tujunga, Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Chief in Gimme a Break!" actor Dolph Sweet (b. 1920) on May 8 in Tarzana, Calif. (cancer); his final appearance on "Gimme a Break!" airs on May 11, the day of his funeral. Am. "The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant" novelist Douglass Wallop (b. 1920) on Apr. 1 in Washington, D.C. Am. photographer Ruth Orkin (b. 1921) on Jan. 16 in New York City (cancer). Am. bandleader Nelson Riddle Jr. (b. 1921) on Oct. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure). German-born French actress Simone Signoret (b. 1921) on Sept. 30 in Auteuil-Anthouillet, Normandy. Am. cryosurgery pioneer Irving S. Cooper (b. 1922) on Oct. 30 in Atlantic City, N.J. (cancer). English poet-novelist Philip Larkin (b. 1922) on Dec. 2 in Hull (cancer): "Being brave/ Lets no one off the grave./ Death is no different whined at than withstood." Am. "All About Eve" actress Anne Baxter (b. 1923) on Dec. 12 in New York City (stroke); dies of a brain aneurysm while walking down Madison Ave. Guyanese PM #1 (1964-80) and pres. #3 (1980-5) Forbes Burnham (b. 1923) on Aug. 6 in Georgetown. Italian #1 novelist Italo Calvino (b. 1923) on Sept. 19 in Siena (stroke). Am. jazz drummer Philly Joe Jones (b. 1923) on Aug. 30 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. actor Scott Brady (b. 1924) on Apr. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. (pulmonary fibrosis). Am. "Coach Ernie Pantusso in Cheer" Nicholas Colasanto (b. 1924) on Feb. 12 in Studio City, Calif. (heart failure). Am. diplomat Patricia Roberts Harris (b. 1924) on Mar. 23 in Washington, D.C. (cancer). Am. actor Larry Ward (b. 1924) on Feb. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. British fashion designer Laura Ashley (b. 1925) on Sept. 17 (brain hemorrhage after falling down stairs). Am. "Stewart Mac McMillan in McMillan and Wife" actor Rock Hudson (b. 1925) on Oct. 2 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (AIDS). Am. jazz saxophonist Zoot Sims (b. 1925) on Mar. 23 in New York City (cancer). Am. "Det. Stavros on Kojak" actor George Savalas (b. 1927) on Oct. 2 in Los Angeles, Calif. (leukemia). Am. historian Herbert Gutman (b. 1928) on July 21 in New York City (heart attack). Am. liberal Protestant theologian Frank William Stringfellow (b. 1928) on Mar. 2 (diabetes). English "Born Free" singer Matt Monro (b. 1930) on Feb. 7 in London (liver cancer); sells 100M records. Am. Esalen Inst. co-founder Dick Price (b. 1930) on Nov. 25 in Big Sur, Calif. Am. "The Incredible Shrinking Man" actor Grant Williams (b. 1931) on July 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. (peritonitis). Am. gorilla zoologist Dian Fossey (b. 1932) on Dec. 26 in Virunga Mts., Rwanda (murdered). Belgian "Singing Nun" Jeanine Deckers (b. 1933) on Mar. 29 in Wavre (OD); double suicide with her lezzie lover Annie Pecher. Am. baseball 61-homer king Roger Maris (b. 1934) on Dec. 14 in Houston, Tex. Am. country singer Wynn Stewart (b. 1934) on July 17 (heart attack). Scottish journalist Charles Douglas-Home (b. 1937) on Oct. 29 in London (cancer). South African archeologist Glynn Llywelyn Isaac (b. 1937) on Oct. 5 in Yokosuka, Japan. Scottish rocker Ian Stewart (b. 1938) on Dec. 12 in London (heart attack). German radiologist Andreas Roland Gruentzig (b. 1939) on Oct. 27 in Forsyth, Ga. (airplane crash). Am. "Garden Party" singer Ricky Nelson (b. 1940) on Dec. 31 en route from Los Angeles to Dallas (airplane fire). Japanese "Sukiyaki" musician Kyu Sakamoto (b. 1941) on Aug. 12; dies in the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123. Am. serial murderer Leonard Lake (b. 1945) on June 6 in South San Francisco, Calif. (suicide via cyanide). Am. auto racer Lee Shepherd (b. 1945). Am. playwright Larry Shue (b. 1946) on Sept. 23 near Weyers Cave, Va. (plane crash). English Uriah Heep vocalist David Byron (b. 1947) on Feb. 28 in Reading, Berkshire (alcoholism). Am. folk singer Merle Watson (b. 1949) on Oct. 23 in Lenoir, N.C. (tractor accident). Canadian auto racer Francis Affleck (b. 1951) on Feb. 7 at Daytona Internat. Speedway (crash). Am. B-52's guitarist Ricky Wilson (b. 1953) on Oct. 12 (AIDS).



1986 - The Top Fish Flee Year, when Ferdinand Marcos flees the Philippines, Baby Doc Duvalier flees Haiti, the Reagan admin. flees the Iran-Contra scandal, and hundreds of thousands flee Chernobyl? The Challenger, Chernobyl and Corazon Year? A bad year to be a Russian or U.S. astronaut? Yet another good year to be a terrorist or to become a Western capitalist billionaire?

Space Shuttle Challenger, Jan. 28, 1986 and Roger Boisjoly (1938-2012) Mir Space Station, 1986-2001 Chernobyl Disaster, Apr. 26, 1986 Lawrence E. Walsh of the U.S. (1912-) Oscar Arias Sanchez of Costa Rica (1940-) Joseph Kony of Uganda (1962-) Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines (1917-89) Corazon Aquino of the Philippines (1933-) Mohammed Najibullah of Afghanistan (1947-96) Joaquim Alberto Chissano of Mozambique (1939-) Yoweri Museveni of Uganda (1944-) Barry Goldwater of the U.S. (1909-98) William Flynt Nichols of the U.S. (1918-88) Hands Across America, 1986 Mario Soares of Portugal (1924-2017) Gustavo Petricioli of Mexico (1928-98) Gen. Henri Namphy of Haiti (1932-) Virgilio Barco Vargas of Colombia (1921-97) Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo of Mauritius (1920-2000) Alain Devaquet of France (1942-) Imre Pozsgay of Hungary (1933-) Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier (1951-) and Michelle Duvalier (1950-) of Haiti Fang Li-Zhi (1936-) Bantu Holomisa of Transkei (1955-) Maxi-Trial, 1986-7 Oliver North of the U.S. (1943-) Antonin Gregory Scalia of the U.S. (1936-2016) Jim Wright of the U.S. (1922-2015) Prince Andrew (1960-) and Sarah Ferguson (1959-), 1986 Eugene H. Hasenfus of the U.S. (1941-) Jeff Fort (1947-) Edward Ross Roybal of the U.S. (1916-2005) Willie Horton (1951-) Richard Leonard Kuklinski (1935-2006) Father Theodore Martin Hesburgh (1917-2005) Clayton J. Lonetree of the U.S. (1960-) Dick Rutan (1938-) and Jeana Yeager (1952-) Georges Besse (1927-86) Diego Maradona (1960-) Bears Super Bowl Shuffle, 1986 Jim McMahon (1959-) Mike Ditka (1939-) Walter Payton (1954-99) William 'Refrigerator' Perry (1962-) Richard Dent (1960-) Dennis Rodman (1961-) Dennis Rodman (1961-) Chuck Daly (1930-2009) Len Bias (1963-86) Anthony 'Spud' Webb (1963-) Jacques Dominique Wilkins (1960-) Muggsy Bogues (1965-) Tim Witherspoon (1957-) James 'Bonecrusher' Smith (1953-) Mike Tyson (1966-) Greg LeMond (1961-) Patrick Roy (1965-) Vinny Testaverde (1963-) Geoff Bodine (1949-) Bobby Rahal (1953-) George Branham III (1962-) Walter Ray Williams Jr. (1959-) Susan Polgar (1969-) Istvan Csurka (1934-) Kurt Andersen (1954-) Ann Bancroft (1955-) Michael Bernard Beckwith Barbara Bergmann (1927-) Robert Bly (1926-2021) Graydon Carter (1949-) Anthony Corallo (1913-2000) Ron Laird (1938-) Midori Goto (1971-) John Gordon Melton (1942-) Enrique Morones Craig Allen Peyer (1950-) David Rumelhart (1942-2011) James McClelland (1948-) Mordechai Vanunu (1954-) Elie Wiesel (1928-2016) Wole Soyinka (1934-) Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (1906-88) Gerd Binnig (1947-) Heinrich Rohrer (1933-) Dudley Robert Herschbach (1932-) Yuan Tseh Lee (1936-) John Charles Polanyi (1929- Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-) Stanley Cohen (1922-) James McGill Buchanan Jr. (1919-) Bernard Bailyn (1922-) Stephen Coonts (1946-) Jim Crace (1946-) Rita Dove (1952-) Eric Drexler (1955-) Norman Dubie (1945-) Alain Ducasse (1956-) George Alec Effinger (1947-2002) Lawrence Howard Fuchs (1927-2013) David J. Garrow (1953-) E.D. Hirsch Jr. (1928-) Kaylie Jones (1960-) Joseph Lelyveld (1937-) Stephen Levine (1937-) Maria José Martínez-Patińo Lois McMaster Bujold (1949-) Sue Miller (1943-) Derek Parfit (1942-) Marc Reisner (1948-2000) Norman Rush (1933-) Bernie S. Siegel Michael Stürmer (1938-) Peter Hillsman Taylor (1917-94) Robert Penn Warren (1905-89) Oprah Winfrey (1954-) Marc Jacobs (1963-) Shadoe Stevens (1947-) Karl Alexander Muller (1927-) Johannes Georg Bednorz (1950-) Jeremy Nathans (1958-) Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947-) and Maria Schwarzenegger (1955-) Naomi Campbell (1970-) Lynne Cheney (1941-) Count Gottfried von Bismarck (1962-2007) Walter Jon Williams (1953-) Sir Anthony James Dowell (1943-) Dame Antoinette Sibley (1939-) Davina Thompson (1947-98) Jeff Faux Ray Marshall (1928-) Lester Thurow (1938-) Jean Tirole (1953-) Robert Bernard Reich (1946-) Barry Bluestone Robert Kuttner (1943-) William Bloom (1948-) Deepak Chopra (1946-) Winston Groom (1944-) Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-89) Alfred Parkinson and Fred Schoonmaker Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-89), Black Book 1 Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-89), Black Book 2 Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-89), Black Book 3 Richard McCann (1949-) Susan Minot (1956-) David Miscavige (1960-) T. Jefferson Parker (1953-) Harvey Pekar (1939-2010) Richard Rhodes (1937-) Paul M. Romer (1955-) Pierre Romeyer (1930-) Ntozake Shange (1948-) Myrtle Allen (1924-) The Beastie Boys Chris de Burgh (1948-) Chumbawamba Cinderella Robert Cray (1953-) Crowded House Edison Denisov (1929- Europe Fishbone Debbie Gibson (1970-) Lyle Lovett (1957-) Roxette Run-D.M.C. Salt-N-Pepa 'Master of Puppets' by Metallica, 1986 New Kids on the Block Nu Shooz David Lee Roth (1954-) Joe Satriani (1956-) Sepultura Slayer Timbuk3 The Flaming Lips Patty Loveless (1957-) Robbie Nevil (1958-) Dwight Yoakam (1956-) 'Perpetual Intercourse', by Skinny Puppy, 1986 Uptown Records Captain Midnight, Apr. 27, 1986 'ALF', 1986-90 'ALF', 1986-90 'Crime Story', 1986-8 'Designing Women', 1986-93 'Head of the Class', 1986-91 'L.A. Law', 1986-94 Pee-Wee's Playhouse, 1986-90 'Perfect Strangers', 1986-93 'Shaka Zulu' starring Henry Cele (1949-2007), 1986 'The Phantom of the Opera', 1988 'Blue Velvet', 1986 'Caravaggio', 1986 Sean Bean (1959-) Tilda Swinton (1960-) 'Children of a Lesser God', 1986 'The Christmas Star', 1986 'The Color of Money', 1986 Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio (1958-) 'Critters', 1986 'Crocodile Dundee', starring Paul Hogan (1939-), 1986 'Defence of the Realm', 1986 'Ferris Buellers Day Off', starring Matthew Broderick (1962-), 1986 'Flight of the Navigator', 1986 'The Fly', 1986 'From Beyond', 1986 'Hannah and Her Sisters', 1986 'Heartbreak Ridge', 1986 'Heartburn', 1986 'Hoosiers', 1986 'House', 1986 'Invaders from Mars', 1986 'Lady Jane', 1986 'Little Shop of Horrors', 1986 'Mona Lisa', 1986 'Night of the Creeps', 1986 'Platoon', starring Charlie Sheen (1965-), 1986 'Short Circuit', 1986 'Shanghai Surprise', 1986 'Stand by Me', 1986 'Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home', 1986 'Top Gun', 1986 'Epiphany I' by Gottfried Helnwein, 1986 'Mouth', by Irving Penn (1917-2009), 1986 Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009) 'Helga's Braids' by Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009), 1985 'The Ballad of Sexual Dependency' by Nan Goldin (1953-), 1986 Lotus Temple, 1986 Mir Space Station, 1986 Harpoon Brewery Logo

1986 Doomsday Clock: 3 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Tiger (Feb. 9). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Corazon C. Aquino (1933-2009). Most popular U.S. baby names: Michael, Jessica. On Jan. 1 UCLA defeats Iowa by 45-28 to win the 1986 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 Spain and Portugal join the European Economic Community (EEC) (Common Market). On Jan. 1 after the U.S. builds its strength in the Mediterranean, Libyan dictator Muammar al-Gaddafi threatens to retaliate if ducked, er, attacked, causing the U.S. to freeze Libyan assets in the U.S. on Jan. 8; on Jan. 23 the U.S begins military maneuvers off the Libyan coast. On Jan. 1 the Caribbean island of Aruba in the Netherlands Antilles off the coast of Venezuela is given separate status within the kingdom of the Netherlands. On Jan. 8 extremist Jews accompanied by Knesset members attept to hold prayers in the yard of the Al-Aqsa Mosque; on Jan. 9 they hoist the Israeli flag at the Dung Gate and enter the yard before being expelled; on Jan. 14 Rabbi Eliezer Waldman enters the yard, causing hundreds of Muslim youth to demonstrate and military police to use tear gas to disperse them, arresting 19; on Jan. 19 Rabbi Meir Kahane leads a group that attempts to force its way into the yard before being arrested for one hour and released. On Jan. 12 Space Shuttle Columbia blasts off with a crew that incl. the first Hispanic-Am. in space, Dr. Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (b. 1950) - kills two birds with one stone? On Jan. 15 Pres. Reagan signs legislation making the 3rd Monday in Jan. Martin Luther King Jr. Day; it is first observed on Jan. 20. On Jan. 17 Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo (1920-2000) is chosen by British Queen Elizabeth II as gov.-gen. of Mauritius (until Mar. 12, 1992). On Jan. 17 a crowded passenger bus plunges 89 ft. into a ravine in Navsari, Gujarat, India, killing 49 and injuring 10. On Jan. 20 Pres. Reagan begins his 6th year in office with an approval rating of 65%, the highest ever recorded, beating Truman (45%), Eisenhower (58%), and Nixon (26%). On Jan. 20 cigar-puffing Jewish-Am. comedian George Burns (1896-1996) celebrates his 90th birthday, quipping "I can't afford to die; I'd lose a fortune; I'm booked." On Jan. 20 the Franco-British Channel Tunnel (Chunnel) Treaty is signed by French pres. Francois Mitterrand and British PM Margaret Thatcher in Canterbury, England; it is opened in May, 1994. On Jan. 24 the Voyager 2 space probe passes Uranus, coming within 50,679 mi. - not right up Uranus? On Jan. 26 in Uganda the Nat. Resistance Movement rebel army of southerner Yoweri Kugata Museveni (1944-) topples Tito Okello, who flees to Kenya, and on Jan. 29 Museveni becomes pres. #9 of Uganda (until ?), being touted as part of a new gen. of African leaders, bringing stability and economic growth, and going on to mount an effective response to AIDS; too bad, next year guerrilla forces in N Uganda form the Lord's Resistance Army, led by high school dropout Joseph Kony (1962-), who declares himself a Christian prophet fighting for the Ten Commandments, mixing-in African pagan religion and witchcraft, and they begin invading rural settlements and kidnapping 20K children by 2007 to use as soldiers, porters and sex slaves, cutting off their nose or lips if they refuse to cooperate, causing thousands of barefoot "night commuters" to hike into larger cities at twilight to evade them. On Jan. 26 Super Bowl XX (20) is held in New Orleans, La. after the Chicago Bears film their Super Bowl Shuffle, and QB James Robert "Jim" McMahon Jr. (1959-) moons a TV heli during SB practice; the 15-1 Chicago Bears (NFC) and their "46" defense and hot-tempered coach Mike Ditka (1939-) and never-injured running back Walter "Sweetness" Payton (1954-99) defeat the New England Patriots (AFC) 46-10; 300+-lb. rookie defensive tackle (#72) William Anthony "the Refrigerator" Perry (1962-) scores a 1-yard 3rd quarter rushing TD and does a Super Shuffle in the end zone in a total romp over the hapless Patriots, reminiscent of an outtake from "Planet of the Apes" (the gorillas vs. the orangutans); Chicago defensive end (#95) Richard Lamar Dent (1960-) is MVP; the Bears aren't invited to the White House to honor their win until Bears fan Pres. Obama on Oct. 7, 2011, who calls them "the greatest team in NFL history". On Jan. 28 (11:39:13 EST) the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster sees NASA Space Shuttle Challenger Mission STS-51-L (mission #10) explode 73 sec. after liftoff while millions (incl. many school kids) watch helplessly as their schoolteacher astronaut Christa McAuliffe and the other astronauts just go poof; Sally K. Ride serves on the board investigating the accident; the crew incl. Francis Richard "Dick" Scobee (1939-86), Michael John "Mike" Smith (1945-86), Ellison Shoji Onizuka (1946-86), Judith Arlene Resnick (1949-86) Ronald Ervin McNair (1950-86), Sharon Christa Corrigan McAuliffe (1948-86), Gregory Bruce Jarvis (1944-86); backup crew incl. teacher Barbara Radding Morgan (1951-); asteroids #3350-3356 are named for the crew; Morton Thiokol engineer Roger Mark Boisjoly (1938-2012) sent a memo to the co. vice-pres. 6 mo. earlier, which was ignored, and he is later fired after disclosing the matter to the pres. investigating committee, but is later awarded the AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility. In Jan. Jose Azcona Hoyo becomes pres. of Honduras. In Jan. after a South African blockade causes an economic crisis, the military overthrows Chief Jonathan in Lesotho. In Jan. independent counsel Lawrence E. Walsh (1912-) begins his probe into whether money from the sale of weapons to Iraq was illegally diverted to the rebel Nicaraguan Contras; in early Nov. the Iran-Contra Affair almost gets U.S. Pres. Reagan impeached when his adm. is found to have illegally sold arms to Iran and used some of the profits to support the Contras; on Dec. 19 Walsh is appointed official independent counsel to investigate the Iran-Contra Affair, later uncovering the CIA's Project Democracy - mad money, will it be a house of pleasure? On Feb. 1 two days of anti-govt. riots in Port-au-Prince kill 14. On Feb. 4 the U.S. Post Office issues a commemorative stamp featuring 19th cent. abolitionist Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). On Feb. 7 after widespread unrest fueled by his May 1980 marriage to Michele Bennett Pasquet (1950-), who has unpopular white ancestry, compounded by her pesky father Ernest Bennett, who rakes in moolah from his numerous concessons, Haitian Pres.-for-Life Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier (1951-) is ousted from power and flees the country for France (until 2011), ending 28 years of family rule; Gen. Henri Namphy (1932-) heads a new nat. governing council (until Feb. 7, 1988). On Feb. 7 elections in the Philippines gives a V to the opposition Nat. Movement for Free Elections, but Ferdinand Marcos ignores the popular vote and rigs the results, proclaiming a V, which finally tips the military to the side of the ever-growing masses of demonstrators; on Feb. 15 the Philippine nat. assembly authorizes six more years for Marcos; too bad, on Feb. 22-25 Marcos is deposed by the People Power Uprising, and he flees with his family and loot for Hawaii on Feb. 25 after 20 years of rule; on Feb. 26 Corazon C. Aquino (1933-2009), wife of assassinated opposition party leader Benigno Servillano "Ninoy" Aquino Aquino, Jr. (1932-83) becomes pres. of the Philippines (until June 30, 1992), freeing political prisoners and cleansing the govt. of Marcos puppets, then leading the drafting of a new constitution while arranging a ceasefire with the Maoist NPA guerrillas and stifling coup attempts by Marcos' fifth column; too bad, even though the IMF gives them more credit, the economy stays stagnant; military cmdr. Fidel Ramos is a key figure in Marcos' downfall, and later (1992) becomes pres.; U.S. rep. Stephen Joshua Solarz visits one of Imelda Marcos' opulent palaces and publicizes her massive shoe collection, and works to aid Corazon's admin., causing her to dub him "Lafayette of the Philippines". On Feb. 10 the Maxi-Trial (Maxiprocesso), the largest Mafia trial in history opens in Palermo, Italy with 474 defendants kept in courtroom cages; on Dec. 16, 1987 the trial ends with 338 of the 452 defendants found guilty on assorted murder, drug, and extortion charges. On Feb. 10 Pres. Reagan responds to the $600 Toilet Seat Scandal, reports of excesses at the Pentagon, incl. $600 toilet seats and $400 hammers, saying "That's the same price that TWA and Delta and United pay. It is a molded cover for the entire toilet system, and yes, it does cost about that much." On Feb. 10 in Lebanon the Islamic Jihad issues a statement saying it has executed French sociologist Michel Seurat, who had been abducted almost a year earlier; in Mar. 2006 Seurat's remains are found during excavation at a rest stop on the road to Beirut airport; fellow hostages claim he died of hepatitis. On Feb. 11 the plight of Soviet Jewish refuseniks makes headlines when Pres. Reagan helps Natan (Anatoly) Sharansky (1948-) and his wife Avital Sharansky (1950-) obtain release by the Soviet Union and emigrate to Israel after nine years of captivity as part of an East-West prisoner exchange. On Feb. 17 the Single European Act is signed, becoming the first major revision of the 1957 Treaty of Rome, giving the European Community the goal of establishing a common market by Dec. 31, 1992. On Feb. 19 the U.S. Senate approves the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 37 years after it was first submitted for ratification. On Feb. 20 Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima is deposed as PM (since 1976) of Transkei on corruption charges, and is succeeded by his brother George, who is overthrown by next year by Gen. Bantubonke "Bantu" Harrington Holomisa (1955-) (until 1994). On Feb. 20 the Soviet Union launches the Mir (Russ. "world") space station into low Earth orbit (200 mi.), becoming the first modular space station, which continues to be assembled in orbit until 1996; it reenters the atmosphere on Mar. 23, 2001 after setting a record for continuous manned presence in space of 10 years minus 8 days; it is occupied for a total of 12.5 of its 15-year lifespan. On Feb. 21/22 (night) Larry Wu-tai Chin (b. 1922), the first American found guilty of spying for China kills himself in his jail cell in Va. On Feb. 25 riots by 17K conscript policemen in seven cities in Egypt start in Cairo over extension of military service from three to four years, along with the disparate treatment of rich and poor, with rioters torching Western hotels near the Giza pyramids; Hosni Mubarak sends out the army, which crushes the rioters by Feb. 28, killing 107, causing the New York Times to pub. an editorial on Mar. 5 with the soundbyte "He has been too pragmatic for Arab radicals, who view any recognition of Israel as a betrayal, and has affronted Muslem fundamentalists with his cautious moves to secular freedoms." On Feb. 26 the Librarian of Congress names Robert Penn Warren (1905-89) as the first poet laureate of the U.S.; the appointment is for one year - as if anybody gives a? On Feb. 27 the U.S. Senate approves telecasts of its debates on a trial basis. On Feb. 28/Mar. 1 (Sat. night) Swedish PM (since 1982) Olof Palme (b. 1927), leader of the Social Dem. Party is assassinated (shot to death) in C Stockholm along with his wife as they walk home from a movie, shocking the world; on Mar. 17 Swedish prosecutors say that an unidentified man in custody is probably his assassin, but he is cleared a mo. later. and the case is never solved? In Feb. pres. Jose Sarney of Brazil announces an across-the-board wage-price freeze which brings inflation down to double-digit levels. In Feb. Pres. Reagan announces that $15M in U.S. aid is being given to Joseph Savimbi's Unita rebels in Angola. In Feb. a huge storm hits Calif., and a levee breaks near the Yuba County town of Linda, Calif., causing $500M in damage. On Mar. 1 the Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament leaves Los Angeles, Calif., arriving in Washington, D.C. on Nov. 15 after traveling 3.7K mi. On Mar. 8 four French TV crew members are abducted in West Beirut allegedly by the Islamic Jihad; they are eventually released. On Mar. 9 former PM #105 (1983-5) Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924-), a Communist-turned-Socialist known for almost single-handedly talking Portugal into joining the EEC becomes pres. #17 of Portugal (until Mar. 9, 1996), and Portugal's first civilian pres. in 60 years; he defeats his opponent by 2% of the votes this time, but by 70% in 1991, pioneering the Presidencia Aberta (open presidency), which features tours around the country addressing a different issue each time. On Mar. 9 U.S. Navy divers find the crew compartment of the Space Shuttle Challenger along with the remains of the astronauts - yuck? On Mar. 9 the First March for Women's Lives Reproductive Rights Rally in Washington, D.C., organized by the Nat. Org for Women (NOW) is attended by 80K; in 1992 another march is attended by 750K; on Apr. 25, 2004 another march is attended by 1M. Who sold his soul to Old Scratch? On Mar. 13 11-y.-o. Microsoft Corp. goes public, and its stock rises from $21 to $28 on opening day; revenues for 1986 are $197M for 1,153 employees; chief stockholder William Henry "Bill" Gates III (1955-) is on the way to becoming the world's richest geek, while persistent rumors circulate that he is the Antichrist (which probably helps?); by Jan. 1, 2006 four shares of stock at $84 have split into 1,152 shares worth $30,124.80 (increase of over 4Kx). On Mar. 15 the AMA rules that euthanasia is ethical for comatose patients - we never hear any objections? On Mar. 13 the Soviets launch Soyuz T-15, carrying Leonid Denisovich Kizim (1941-2010) and Vladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov (1946-); after docking with Salyut 7 and transferring equipment from it to the new Mir space station, it returns on July 16. On Mar. 16 in France the right takes control of Parliament by a slim majority, ending the Socialist experiment of Pres. Mitterrand, who is forced to share power with a centrist-Gaullist coalition led by PM Jacques Chirac, who becomes PM again on Mar. 20 (until 1988), sparring over Chirac's plan to denationalize major industries and effect a harder line on security issues, introducing a privatization plan in Apr. On Mar. 18 Buckingham Palace announces the engagement of Prince Andrew, Duke of York (1960-), Elizabeth II's 2nd son to Sarah Margaret Ferguson (1959-), who becomes duchess of York; they marry in 1986 and divorce in 1996 - another tribute to the Jamestown settlers? On Mar. 24 the 58th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1985 to Universal's Out of Africa, along with best dir. to Sydney Pollack; best actor goes to William Hurt for Kiss of the Spider Woman, best actress to Geraldine Page for The Trip to Bountiful, best supporting actor to Don Ameche for Cocoon, and best supporting actress to Anjelica Houston for Prizzi's Honor, which co-stars her then boyfriend Jack Nicholson; she is so dazed that she forgets to go backstage, and returns to the audience, to find Nicholson crying, along with her father, while she remains "dry as a bone - it was very funny"; Steven Spielberg's The Color Purple gets 11 nominations and 0 wins. On Mar. 25 Pres. Reagan orders emergency aid for the Honduran army; U.S. helis ferry Honduran troops to the Nicaraguan border. On Mar. 25 Perfect Strangers debuts on ABC-TV for 150 episodes (until Aug. 6, 1993), starring Mark Linn-Baker (1954-) as straight man Chicagoan Larry Appleton, and Bronson Alcott Pinchot(1959-) as his super-funny distant cousin Balki Bartokomous, a shepherd from the island of Mypos, in a new take on the country bumpkin in the big city theme; his signature Dance of Joy is a cross between a Dosado and a Hokey Pokey; the Perfect Strangers Theme ("Nothing's Gonna Stop Me Now") is performed by David Pomeranz. On Mar. 28 the U.S. Senate passes a $100M aid package for the Nicaraguan Contras. On Mar. 29 a court in Rome acquits six men in a plot to kill Pope John Paul II. On Mar. 31 167 people die when a Mexicana Airlines Boeing 727 crashes in a remote mountainous region of Mexico. In Mar. Pakistan acquires weapons-grade uranium. In spring after founding the Stonewell Park Assoc. in 1984, mixed-race gay buds Alfred Parkinson and Fred Schoonmaker( 1942-87) begin soliciting donations for the all-gay Stonewall Park in Oct.. and signing a $2.25M contract in Nov. with Rhyolite, Nye County on the edge of Death Valley (pop. 12K), using an old Union Pacific caboose as their home; too bad, on May 20, 1987 Schoonmaker dies of AIDs, and Parkinson moves to the San Francisco Bay area with his gay husband's ashes, and the all-gay paradise town never materializes. On Apr. 1 the U.S. sub Nathanael Greene runs aground in the Irish Sea. On Apr. 1 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in Michigan v. Jackson that police may not initiate questioning of a defendant who has a lawyer or has asked for a lawyer unless the lawyer is present, even if they agree to talk to them without them; Rehnquist, Powell, and O'Connor dissent; in Apr. 2009 when John Paul Stevens, who wrote the majority opinion is the only justice left, the Obama admin. asks the court to reverse itself, which it does by 5-4 in Montejo v. La. (2009). On Apr. 2 two U.S. passengers are killed when a bomb explodes aboard a TWA Boeing 727 en route from Rome to Athens. On Apr. 4 elections are held in Sudan by the new multi-party democracy, and the centrist Umma party forms a coalition govt. On Apr. 5 La Belle Disco in Berlin is bombed, and two U.S. servicemen are killed; on Apr. 8 Pres. Reagan calls Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi "the mad dog of the Middle East"; on Ap. 9 Reagan approves Operation El Dorado Canyon, and on Apr. 14-15 the U.S., supported by Britain retaliates, bombing five terrorist sites in Libya, incl. Gaddafi's home, allegedly killing his adopted 15-mo.-o. daughter Hana, but missing his 14-y.-o. son Saif al-Islam al-Gaddafi (1972-); Libya accuses the U.S. of being a "pirate", claiming that 37 people, mostly civilians were killed, and Gaddafi tasks his good friend Abu Nidal to get even; in Aug. 2011 after decades of using her as a propaganda point, it is revealed that Hana is still alive and well. On Apr. 10 Halley's Comet reaches to only 38,785,700 mi. from Earth, close enough for telescope viewing. On Apr. 13 Pope John Paul II visits a synagogue in Rome in the first recorded papal visit of its kind, and expresses abhorrence at the Jewish genocode during WWII. On Apr. 17 the bodies of U.S. librarian Peter C. Kilburn (1924-86) and two Britons are found near Beirut, slain in apparent retaliation for the U.S. raid on Libya. On Apr. 17 a bomb is discovered in the bag of pregnant Irishwoman Anne-Marie Murphy as she is trying to baord an El Al jetliner at Heathrow Airport in London en route to Israel, later finding that she had been tricked into it by her Jordanian fiance Nezar Nawwaf al-Mansur ul-Hindawi (1954-). On Apr. 21 a vault in Chicago's Lexington Hotel linked to Al Capone is opened during a live TV special hosted by Geraldo Rivera; aside from a few bottles and a sign, the vault is empty? On Apr. 24 Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor (b. 1896), for whose delightful companionship King Edward VIII gave up the British throne dies in Paris at age 89; Queen Elizabeth II and the royals finally quit snubbing her and attend her funeral, where the queen allegedly weeps?; Edward and Wallis are buried next to Victoria and Albert in Windsor Castle, finally recognizing the Am. upstart as an English royal? On Apr. 26 (01:23 a.m.) a nuclear accident at a poorly-designed power plant (reactor #4) in Chernobyl near Pripyat, Ukraine N of Kiev releases radioactive pollution and results in the first radiation fatalities from a nuclear power plant; a 300 sq. mi. area is evacuated, and 60 die, 31 as a direct result of the fire, plus 29 rescuers, firefighters and plant workers who die later from radiation poisoning and burns; damage is estimated at $130B over a 77.22K sq. mi. area; 9.3K are likely to die of radiation cancers ultimately, according to the U.N. health agency on 4-18-2006 (Greenpeace claims 10X that); a 1.1M ton steel-concrete sarcophagus is hastily built over the reactor to contain the 200 ton glob of radiactive gunk that fused at temperatures up to 1.8K F while a multinat. $1.1B project to build a permanent steel arch stalls for decades? On Apr. 26 Hollywood action star Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947-) ("Ahnuld") weds Sargent's and Eunice Kennedy Shriver's daughter Maria Shriver (1955-) in Hyannis, Mass.; too bad, at the reception Ahnuld gives a speech about his friend Kurt Waldheim, who was exposed for Nazi war crimes 1 month earlier, to which he was invited, but begged off, saying "My friends don't want me to mention Kurt's name because of all the recent Nazi stuff and the U.N. controversy, but I love him and Maria does too, and so thank you, Kurt"; they have 2 sons and 2 daughters, Katherine Eunice (1989-), Christinia Maria Aurelia (1991-), Patrick Arnold Shriver (1993-), and Christopher Sargent Shriver (1997) - no Arnold Jr., and no little Adolf? On Apr. 26 a bus carrying religious pilgrims plunges off a cliff outside Kathgodam, Uttarakhand, India, killing 44. On Apr. 27 (12:32 a.m.) Fla. electronic engineer John R. MacDougall (1961-), AKA Captain Midnight jams HBO's satellite signal to broadcast a message protesting their rates for satellite dish owners. In Apr. Kaare Willoch's Conservative-led Norwegian coalition govt. resigns, and on May 9 former PM (1981) Gro Harlem Brundtland (1939-) returns to power as Norwegian PM (until Oct. 16, 1989); she immediately appoints eight women to her 18-member cabinet; she becomes PM again on Nov. 3, 1990-Oct. 25, 1996. In Apr. the top 10 U.S. network TV series are The Cosby Show (NBC), Family Ties (NBC), Murder, She Wrote (CBS), 60 Minutes (CBS), Cheers (NBC), Dallas (CBS), Dynasty (ABC), The Golden Girls (NBC), Miami Vice (NBC), and Who's the Boss? (ABC). In Apr. 15-y.-o. English black model Naomi Campbell (1970-) appears on the cover of Elle mag., followed by the Aug. 1988 cover of Vogue Paris as their first black cover girl, launching her top model career. On May 1 the Tass News Agency finally reports the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. On May 3 the Tamil Tigers bomb an Air Lanka Tristar plane at Colombo Airport in Colombo, Sri Lanka originating from Gatwick Airport in London, killing 21 and injuring 41 of 128 passengers. On May 3 in NASA's first post-Challenger launch, an unmanned McDonnell-Douglas Delta rocket loses power in its main engine shortly after liftoff, forcing its destruction by remote control. On May 4 Afghan PM (since 1979) Babrak Karmal is removed by the Soviets, and replaced by Communist Party secy.-gen. Najib Ahmadzai, AKA Mohammed (Muhammad) Najibullah (1947-96), who becomes the 4th and last Commie pres. of Afghanistan next Sept. 30 (until Apr. 16, 1992). On May 5 massive anti-govt. demonstrations begin in Inchon, South Korea, followed by more in Seoul in late Oct. after opposition leader Kim Dae-jung announces on Sept. 12 that he will return from exile in the U.S. (since 1983) after serving 2.5 years of a 20-year prison stence for sedition, saying "The Korean government will not be so stupid as to repeat that sort of thing" (assassination of Filipino opposition leader Benigno S. Aquino). On May 6 former PM (1966-7) Sadiq al-Mahdi (Al Siddiq) (1935-), great-grandson of the Mad Mahdi who led the 1881-99 Mahdist War becomes PM of Sudan (until June 20, 1989). On May 18 multiply-degreed economist Oscar Arias Sanchez (1940-) of the Nat. Liberation Party (PLN) becomes pres. of Costa Rica (until May 8, 1990), going on to switch the economy from coffee and bananas to tourism and exotic flowers and fruits, and abandon social dem. doctrine for neoliberalism. On May 19 with Pres. Reagan's help, the U.S. McClure-Volkmer Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA) is passed, creating a boom in gun shows in the U.S. while establishing mandatory penalties for the use of a gun in the commission of a federal crime, and prohibiting cop-killer bullets capable of penetrating bulletproof clothing; meanwhile the Brady Bill proponents keep pushing until they get it passed in 1994. On May 20 in China a tornado picks up 12 children and deposits them on a sand dune 12 mi. away unharmed? On May 23 a bus goes over a cliff in Antique Province, Philippines, killing 23 and injuring 15. On May 25 (Sun.) an estimated 6.5M Americans participate in Hands Across America, forming a human chain across the country for 15 min. to raise money for the nation's hungry and homeless; many donate $10 to reserve their place in line. On May 30 a tour bus plunges into the West Walker River near Walker, Calif., killing 21 and injuring 19. In May Unit Two of the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant off the coast of San Luis Obispo, Calif. begins operation. In May U.S. vice-pres. George H.W. Bush has an operation for the removal of a small facial skin cancer. On June 2 a 6-week experiment begins to televise sessions of the U.S. Senate. On June 4 the Calif. Supreme Court approves the "deep pockets law", limiting the liability of manufacturers and other wealthy defendants. On June 6 after being released on a weekend furlough program, convicted murderer (life sentence) William R. "Willie" Horton (1951-) fails to return, and on Apr. 3, 1987 he ends up in Oxon Hill, Md., raping a woman twice, beating and restraining her fiance and stealing his car before being caught, receiving two more consecutive life terms plus 85 years; on Sept. 21, 1988 the George H. W. Bush campaign begins its "Weekend Passes" campaign, using him as a poster boy for the stupidity of Dem. candidate Michael Dukakis, who vetoed a bill by the Mass. legislature in 1976 that would have prohibited Horton from being furloughed, helping Bush win. On June 9 NASA pub. a Report on the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster, concluding that it blew up as a result of a failure in a solid rocket booster O-ring. On June 11 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Thornburgh v. Am. College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to strike down a Penn. abortion law while reaffirming its 1973 decision establishing a constitutional right to abortion; chief justice Warren Burger reverses his Roe decision, calling for a reconsideration of it; funny coincidence that he's soon replaced? On June 15 the Police perform at the Conspiracy of Hope, an Amnesty Internat. benefit at Giants Stadium in N.J., and the band poops out? On June 17 Pres. Reagan announces the retirement of chief justice Warren Earl Burger, and names straight-laced conservative Stoic Swede William Hubbs Rehnquist (1924-2005) (who sided with him in the Thornburgh case) as the 16th U.S. chief justice. On June 17 a bus plunges off a highway into an irrigation ditch near Canete, Peru, killing 19 and injuring 17. On June 19 a group of scientists incl. John Backus of IBM, J. Carson Mark of Los Alamos Nat. Lab, and Daniel Fisher and Robert Wilson of AT&T Bell Labs hold a press conference in Washington, D.C. to present the U.S. Congress with a petition containing the signatures of 1.6K scientists stating that the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), AKA Star Wars "is not feasible in the foreseeable future"; Dr. Edward Teller points out that there are over 1M scientists and engineers in the U.S., and that "I doubt there are many causes for which you could not get 1,600 signatures." On June 19 Harpoon Brewery (originally the Mass. Bay Brewing Co.) is founded in Boston, Mass. by Harvard Business School student Rich Doyle, becoming the first co. to obtain an alcohol permit in Mass. in over 25 years, producing Harpoon India Pale Ale, UFO Hefeweizen, Boston Irish Stout et al., becoming known for their St. Patrick's Day, Harpoonfest, and Octoberfest festivals, going on to produce 100K barrels/year in 2003; in 2013 it becomes the 12th largest craft brewery in the U.S. and 19th largest overall. On June 22 two buses carrying factory workers plunge 800 ft. on Wutai Mountain in Shanxi, China, killing 31 and injuring 35. On June 25 the U.S. Congress approves $100M in aid for the Nicaraguan Contras. On June 25 an FBI memorandum contains the Cronkite Documents, showing that CBS Evening News anchorman Walter Cronkite is being targeted in a Soviet "active measures" campaign to counter Pres. Reagan's anti-Communist foreign policy, naming him as a possible member of a U.S. delegation to sign a pro-Soviet "People's Peace Treaty". On June 26 the U.S. Supreme (Burger Court) rules 7-2 in Ford v. Wainwright that the insane cannot be executed. On June 30 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Bowers v. Hardwick that a Ga. law criminalizing oral and anal sex between private consenting adults is constitutional, with chief justice Warren E. Burger writing the soundbyte: "To hold that the act of homosexual sodomy is somehow protected as a fundamental right would be to cast aside millennia of moral teaching"; Harry Blackmun dissents based on the right to privacy, with the soundbyte: "That certain, but by no means all, religious groups condemn the behavior at issue gives the State no license to impose their judgments on the entire citizenry. The legitimacy of secular legislation depends, instead, on whether the State can advance some justification for its law beyond its conformity to religious doctrine"; too bad, the Ga. law also criminalized hetero oral sex.; after the Internet shoves it in everybody's face 24/7, it flip-flops on June 26, 2003 in Lawrence v. Texas with a 6-3 decision - all interfaces are now open for fun? In June in Mexico Gustavo Petricioli Iturbide (1928-98) is named finance secy. by Pres. Miguel de la Madrid (until 1988); he inherits a foreign debt of $100B due to the collapse of oil prices earlier in the decade; in Jan. 1989 be becomes Mexican ambassador to the U.S. (until 1993). In June Socialist Spain votes to remain in NATO, but outside of the military command. In June a poll in France indicates approval for futher domestic nuclear power development, although the approval rating drops from 62% in Dec. 1985 to 51%. In June the Northern Ireland Assembly is officially dissolved. In June Time mag. pub. a South African ed. with blank pages. In mid-year El Savador's pres. Jose Napoleon Duarte calls for a new round of talks with the leftist rebels, which is seen as an attempt to revive his popularity as the economy teeters. On July 3 Pres. Reagan presides over a gala ceremony in New York Harbor that incl. the relighting of the renovated Statue of Liberty. On July 7 Boeing Aircraft Co. employee purchases a suplus IBM copier, and allegedly finds the secret govt. document titled Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars: An Introduction Programming Manual, detailing a plan for control of the masses, stoking conspiracy theorists. On July 7 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 7-2 in Bethel School District v. Fraser that a school may suspend a student for lewd (sexual double entendres) speech; dissenters incl. John Paul Stevens and Thurgood Marshall; the last case of the Burger Court. On July 8 former U.N. secy.-gen. (1972-82) Kurt Waldheim (elected June 8) is sworn-in as pres. of Austria (until July 8, 1992) despite controversy over his alleged ties to Nazi war crimes in Yugoslavia; Western countries and Israel condemn him throughout his term. On July 9 the U.S. Atty. Gen.'s (Meese) Commission on Pornography releases the final draft of its 2K-page report linking hardcore porn to sex crimes. On July 10 Vietnamese Communist strongman leader Le Duan (b. 1907) dies, opening the door for the Doi Moi (Renovation) Reforms, departing from the old Stalinist-Maoist model, incl. privatization; the Sixth Party Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam announces liberal economic reforms, ostensibly aiming the country towards capitalism. On July 11 Pres. Reagan places the Contras under CIA jurisdiction. On July 11 Mary Beth Whitehead christens her surrogate baby Baby M (born Mar. 27) Sara, and begins an unsuccessful court battle to regain custody of the child she was paid to bear by another couple. On July 14 there is no rain anywhere on Earth? On July 14 an expedition from Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. films the wreck of the HMS Titanic for the first time since it sank in 1912, and on July 18 releases videotapes. On July 21 King Hassan II of Morocco becomes the 2nd Arab leader to meet with an Israeli leader when Israeli PM Shimon Peres visits. On July 23 Britain's Prince Andrew, Duke of York (1960-) marries Sarah Margaret Ferguson (1959-) in Weight Watchers, er, Westminster Abbey in London with the appellation Duke and Duchess of York; they separate in 1992 and divorce in 1996; she wears an ivory silk duchess satin dress by Linda Cierach, and he wears a Royal Navy Lt. dress uniform; they divorce in 1996 after she bears Princess Beatrice of York (1988-) and Princess Eugenie of York (1990-). On July 26 the Lockington Rail Crash sees a train collide with a Ford van Escort then derail in Lockington, England, killing eight on the train and a 11-y.-o. boy in the van. In July Bolivia announces Operation Blast Furnace, a U.S.-assisted military effort to eradicate the $600M coca industry. In July the Hungarian Censorship Dispute (ends Oct. 1987) begins, with the Hungarian Writers' Union (founded 1945) complaining of "anti-Communist" and/or "anti-artistic" writers, and the govt. banning lit. mag. Tisza Taj and dissident extreme nationalist writer Istvan Csurka (1934-). In July 15-y.-o. Japanese violinist Midori Goto (1971-) (who debut in 1983 with the New York Philharmonic) gives a solo performance at the Tanglewood Festival in Mass. with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, going through three violins (breaking the E string twice), and wowing Leonard Bernstein so much that he kneels to her. On Aug. 7 William J. Schroeder (b. 1932) dies after living 620 days with the Jarvik-7 artificial heart. On Aug. 7 Virgilio Barco Vargas (1921-97) becomes pres. #35 of Colombia (until Aug. 7, 1990), going on to institute restrictive economic policies then flop after two years and open the country up to world markets; his crackdown on drug cartels causes a violent reaction. On Aug. 15 the House votes to curtail Pres. Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) AKA Star Wars. On Aug. 20 (7:00 a.m.) the Edmond Post Office Shooting in Edmond, Okla. sees disgruntled postal worker Patrick Sherrill shoot 20 co-workers and kill 14 before committing suicide, causing the phrase "going postal" to be coined. Killer lake farts? On Aug. 21 a lethal cloud of 100K-1.6M tons of invisible CO2 gas erupts from under Lake Nyos in NW Cameroon, killing 1,746 people plus 3.5K livestock, becoming the strangest disaster of the 20th cent.?; a smaller release from Lake Monoun in 1984 killed 37. On Aug. 22 Kerr-McGee Corp. agrees to pay the estate of the late Karen Silkwood $1.38M, settling a 10-y.-o. nuclear contamination lawsuit. On Aug. 30 Soviet authorities arrest Nicholas Daniloff, the Moscow correspondent for U.S. News and World Report after he is handed a package by a Russian acquaintance; he is later released. On Aug. 31 Aeromexico Flight 498 en route Mexico to LAX with 64 passengers and three crew collides with a light plane over Cerritos as it approaches Los Angeles and crashes to the ground where an additional 15 people are killed; the Nat. Transportation Safety Board blames flaws in the overloaded traffic control system. On Aug. 31 the Soviet passenger ship SS Admiral Nakhimov (launched 1925 as the SS Berlin III) collides with a merchant vessel in the Black Sea, causing both vessels to sink, killing 423 of 1,234 aboard. On Sept. 2 French PM Jacques Chirac gives a speech to the U.N. Gen. Assembly, declaring that France will not give up its goal of replacing all oil-fired electricity generators with nuclear ones. On Sept. 6 Palestinian jihadist Abu Nidal opens fire on the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Istanbul, Turkey, killing 22. On Sept. 7 an assassination attempt on Chilean pres. Augusto Pinochet fails. On Sept. 7 Desmond Tutu becomes the first black to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa. On Sept. 8 the Oprah Winfrey Show debuts on daytime TV (until ?) with an episode on marrying the right person, soon shooting to the top of the ratings, rocketing Oprah Gail Winfrey (1954-) to the top in wealth and power among world blacks. On Sept. 9 Frank Reed, dir. of a private school in Lebanon is taken hostage; he is released 44 mo. later on Apr. 30, 1990. On Sept. 12 Joseph Cicippio Sr., the acting comptroller at the American U. in Beirut is kidnapped by Islamic militants tied to Hezbollah; he is released in Syria on Dec. 2, 1991, later discovering a secret surgery performed on him; on Oct. 12, 2005 his family wins a default $91M judgment against Iran for sponsoring Hezbollah. On Sept. 13 (Sat.) Pee-Wee's Playhouse debuts on CBS-TV on Saturday mornings for 46 episodes (until July 27, 1991), starring has-to-be-Jewish Paul Reubens (Rubenfeld) (1952-) (the reductio ad absurdem of the Beatles?), featuring cool props incl. Magic Screen, Chairy, Conky the Robot, Pterry the Baby Pteranodon, and Jambi the Genie (played by John Paragon) (known for the soundbyte: "Mecca lecca hi, mecca lecca lo, meeca hiney ho"), along with cool regulars incl. Miss Yvonne (played by Lynne Marie Stewart), Reba the Mail Lady (played by S. Epatha Merkerson), Captain Carl (played by Phil Hartman), and Cowboy Curtis (played by Laurence Fishburne); the theme song is sung by Cyndi Lauper; originally aimed at kids, it becomes an adult and cult favorite also, spawning a line of Pee-Wee's Playhouse Toys; too bad, his arrest in July 1991 in Sarasota, Fla. in a porno house causes CBS to stop airing the super-popular reruns; "I know you are, but what am I?" On Sept. 14 Hungarian Socialist Workers Party member Imre Pozsgay (1933-) pub. an article in Magyar Nemzet declaring the 1956 Hungarian revolt a popular uprising against oppression and not a counter-rev. On Sept. 15 Pan Am Flight 73 is hijacked on the ground in Karachi, Pakistan after arrival from Bombay by four members of the Abu Nidal Org. (ANO), and 22 of 360 passengers are murdered, incl. 13 from India and the rest from the U.S., Mexico, and Pakistan; after being arrested and sentenced to death, Pakistan releases them, pissing-off the U.S. and India. On Sept. 15 Steven Bochco's and Terry Louise Fisher's legal drama series L.A. Law debuts on NBC-TV for 171 episodes (until May 19, 1994), about the Los Angeles law firm of McKenzie, Brackman, Chaney and Kuzak, with an ensemble cast of unknowns and liberal leftist favorite cases incl. racism, gay rights, domestic violence, abortion, and AIDS; makes stars of Don Cheadle, Jeffrey Tambor, David Schwimmer, Bryan Cranston, Kevin Spacey, William H. Macy, Christian Slater, Carrie-Anne Moss et al.; in Feb. 11 1991 C.J. Lamb, played by Amanda Donohoe (1962-) kisses Abigail "Abby" Perkins, played by Michele Dominguez Greene (1962-), becoming the first lezzie kiss on U.S. network TV. On Sept. 17 the Senate confirms the nomination by Pres. Reagan of Milwaukee, Wisc.-born William Hubbs Rehnquist (1924-2005) (Protestant) by a 65-33 vote (more negative votes than any other justice confirmed previously); on Sept. 17 Trenton, N.J.-born, Elmhurst, Queens, N.Y.-raised Antonin Gregory Scalia (1936-2016) (Roman Catholic son of a romance languages prof.) wins confirmation unanimously; they are sworn-in on Sept. 26, with Rehnquist becoming U.S. Chief Justice #16 and justice #100 (until Sept. 3, 2005), and Scalia becoming U.S. Supreme Court justice #103 (until Feb. 13, 2016), serving as the conservative pillar until his unexpected death throws conservatives into a panic. On Sept. 17 Head of the Class debuts on ABC-TV for 114 episodes (until June 25, 1991), about gifted students at Monroe (Millard Filmore) H.S. in Manhattan, starring Howard Hesseman (1940-) as ex-60s radical history teacher Charlie Moore, who gets to teach students Daniel James "Dan" Schneider (1966-) as fat geeky computer nerd Dennis Blunden, Dan Frischman (1959-) as skinny geeky computer nerd Arvid Engen, Tony O'Dell (Anthony Dell'Aquila) (1960-) as narcissistic conservative Reagan-loving white preppy Alan Pinkard, Robin Simone Givens (1964-) as spoiled black rich girl Darlene Merriman, Kimberly Russell (1964-) as Sarah Nevins, Khrystyne Kamil Haje (1968-) as sensitive redhead Simone Foster, Johar "Jory" Husain (Joher Coleman) (1968-) as Indian exchange student Jawaharlal Choudhury, and Tannis Vallely (1975-) as 10-y.-o. precocious Janice Lazarotto; William G. Schilling (1939-) plays principal Dr. Harold Samuels; too bad, the show attempts to sell braininess to the unbrainy U.S. public with a mixed PC message, and the so-called genius students are not much above avg. Euro students? On Sept. 18 Crime Story debuts on NBC-TV for 44 episodes (until May 10, 1988), starring Chicago, Ill.-born Dennis Farina (1944-2013) as Chicago police detective Lt. Mike Torello fighting organized crime in 1963, led by mob boss Ray Luca, played by Anthony Denison (Anthony John Sarrero) (1949-). On Sept. 22 as the Soviet Union is cracking, lame duck U.S. Pres. (1981-9) Ronald Reagan delivers a speech to the 41st Session of the U.N. Gen. Assembly, with the soundbytes: "The United States remains committed to the United Nations. For over 40 years this organization has provided an international forum for harmonizing conflicting national interests and has made a significant contribution in such fields as peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, and eradicating disease. And yet no one knows better than those in this chamber how the noble ideals embodied in the charter have often remained unfulfilled"; "Last year I pointed out in my address to the General Assembly the differences between the United States and the Soviet Union are deep and abiding. But I also called for a fresh start in relations between our two nations, a fresh start that could benefit our own people and the people of every nation. Since that time, the United States has taken action and put forth new proposals that could lead our two countries and the entire world in a direction we all have long sought to go. Now more than ever, it is the responsibility of the Soviet Union to take action and demonstrate that they, too, are continuing the dialog for peace"; "In the past, when I have noted such trends—when I've called for a forward strategy for freedom and predicated the ultimate triumph of democratic rule over totalitarianism - some have accused me of telling people what they want to hear, of urging them not to engage the day but to escape it. Yet, to hope is to believe in humanity and in its future. Hope remains the highest reality, the age-old power. Hope is at the root of all the great ideas and causes that have bettered the lot of humankind across the centuries. History teaches us to hope, for it teaches us about man and about the irrepressible human spirit." On Sept. 22 ALF (Alien Life Form) debuts on NBC-TV for 102 episodes (until Mar. 24, 1990), starring creator Paul Fusco (1953-) as the voice of ALF Gordon Shumway, who likes to eat cats and crash-landed in the San Fernando Valley, Calif. garage of the Tanner family, starring Max Wright (1943-) as social worker father Willie Tanner, Luanne Ruth "Anne" Schedeen (1949-) as mother Kate Tanner, Andrea Elson (1969-) as daughter Lynn Tanner, and Benji Gregory (Benjamin Gregory Hertzberg) (1978-) as son Brian Tanner. On Sept. 29 the Linda Bloodworth-Thomason sitcom Designing Women debuts on CBS-TV (until May 24, 1993), about the Sugarbakers and Assocs. interior design firm in Atlanta, Ga., starring Delta Ramona Leah Burke (1956-) as rich former Miss Georgia World Suzanne Sugarbaker, Dixie Virginia Carter (1939-2010) ("The only Republican in show business") as her liberal intellectual sister Julia Sugarbaker, Anne Hampton "Annie" Potts (1952-) as head designer Mary Jo Shively, and Jean Elizabeth Smart (1952-) as office mgr. Charlene Frazier; token, er, black actor Meshach Taylor (1947-2014) plays Anthony Bouvier, an ex-con who becomes a partner. On Sept. 30 the U.S. releases accused Soviet spy Gennadiy F. Zakharov one day after the Soviets release Nicholas Daniloff. In Sept. a U.S. federal appeals court rules that Wicca (witchcraft) is a religion protected by the Constitution - the U.S. is safe for J.K. Rowling fans? In Sept. China's first stock market opens in Shanghai. In Sept. a wave of terrorist attacks over French Middle East policy strikes Paris. In Sept. Nintendo begins marketing the NES game machine in the U.S. In Sept. the March for Bread and Life in Bolivia sees thousands of workers and peasants demanding removal of U.S. troops along with better wages for miners and farmers, causing the Bolivian govt. of Paz Estenssoro in Sept. to cave in with concessions to striking mine workers; still, by the end of the year 25K miners are out of work. In Sept. the Uruguay Round of GATT begins meeting (until 1994), with 10 nations agreeing to scrap GATT for a new World Trade Org. (founded 1994). On Oct. 1 after it passes the House by 383-27 and the Senate by 95-0, Pres. Reagan signs the U.S. Goldwater-Nichols Dept. of Defense Reorg. Act of 1986, sponsored by Sens. Barry Morris Goldwater (1909-98) (R-Ariz.) and William Flynt "Bill" Nichols (1918-88) (D-Ala.); the most sweeping changes to the DoD since the 1947 Nat. Security Act, it streamlines the military chain of command to run from the pres. through the secy. of defense directly to unified combatant cmdrs., bypassing the service chiefs, who are reduced to an Advisory role, and elevating the chmn. of the Joint Chiefs to the principal military adviser to the pres., Nat. Security Council, and secy. of defense; it also establishes stds. for joint prof. development to facilitate integration of the capabilities of the services. On Oct. 1 the Pres. Jimmy Carter Library and Museum at 441 Freedom Pl. is dedicated in Atlanta, Ga., with help from Pres. Reagan. On Oct. 4 the Soviet nuclear submarine K-219 begins experiencing problems while on routine patrol in the Atlantic, with an explosion an fire caused by a seawater leak in Missile Tube No. 3, sinking 600 mi. E of Bermuda on Oct. 6. On Oct. 5 unemployed U.S. construction worker and ex-Marine Eugene H. Hasenfus (1941-) is captured by Sandinista soldiers a fter his gun-running plane is shot down over S Nicaragua; on Nov. 15 a govt. tribunal in Nicaragua convicts him of delivering arms to Contra rebels, and sentences him to 30 years in prison; he is pardoned on Dec. 17 and released. On Oct. 8 a tourist bus plunges 100 ft. down a valley onto a river bank outside Taichung, Taiwan, killing 39. On Oct. 9 Rupert Murdoch, Barry Diller, and Joan Rivers launch the Fox TV Network on 96 stations after acquiring Metropolitan Broadcasting Corp. (founded 1956) for $4B, making German-born chief stockholder John Werner Kluge (1914-2010) the richest person in the U.S. in 1989-90; it competes with ABC, CBS, and NBC, which each have 210-215 stations; initially it airs only The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers (Oct. 9-Oct. 28, 1988) but after it bombs she leaves in 1987, and guest hosts take over incl. Arsenio Hall. On Oct. 10 (11:49 a.m.) the 1986 San Salvador Earthquake strikes war-ravaged El Salvador, killing 1K-1.5K, injuring 10K, and leaving 200K homeless. On Oct. 11-12 Pres. Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev talk about arms control and human rights in Reykjavik, Iceland, but reach no agreement. On Oct. 14 Holocaust survivor and human rights advocate Elie Wiesel (1928-) is named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, "as one of the most important spiritual leaders and guides in an age when violence, repression and racism continue to characterize the world". On Oct. 19 Mozambican pres. #1 (since June 25, 1975) Samora Molses (Moisés) Machel (b. 1933) is killed in an airplane crash over the South African border, causing suspicions of foul play by South Africa, and on Nov. 6 foreign minister Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1939-) becomes pres. #2 of Mozambique (until Feb. 2, 2005). On Oct. 20 Yitzhak Shamir of the Lukud Party becomes PM of Israel for the 2nd time (until July 13, 1992). On Oct. 21 Marshall Islands attains independence, then forms a Compact of Free Assoc. with the U.S. On Oct. 21 pro-Iranian kidnappers in Lebanon announce the abduction of U.S. writer Edward Tracy; he is released in Aug. 1991. On Oct. 21 two crowded buses are hit by a passenger express train in Landhi, Karachi, Pakistan, killing 35 and injuring 24. On Oct. 22 Pres. Reagan signs the U.S. Tax Reform Act (TRA), designed to simplify the income tax code and eliminate tax shelters, lowering the top tax rate from 50% to 28% and raising the bottom rate from 11% to 15%, reducing the number of tax brackets from 15 to four. On Oct. 27 the U.N. Gen. Assembly approves U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 41/11, creating the 25-member South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone (ZPCAS or ZOPACAS), based in Brasilia, Brazil, with the aim of preventing proliferation of nuclear weapons and military occupations, making the South Atlantic a nuclear-weapon-free zone. On Oct. 27 after giving a TV address on Sept. 14 along with his wife Nancy, Pres. Reagan signs the U.S. Anti-Drug Abuse Actof 1986 , which appropriates $1.7B to fight the drug trade, establishes mandatory sentences, and leads to a too-black prison pop. because of the disparity in sentencing between crack and powder cocaine; on Nov. 18, 1988 the U.S. Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 makes it worse; the 2010 U.S. Fair Sentencing Act reduces but doesn't eliminate the disparity - the perfect Republican program? On Oct. 27 "80 Americans from 42 ethnic groups" incl. Donald Trump, Muhammad Ali, Rosa Parks, Joe DiMaggio, Anita Bryant, and Victor Borge receive the Ellis Island Medal of Honor from the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island foundation; “The winners, a mixture of prominent and relatively unknown citizens, were screened by the National Ethnic Coalition of Organizations, which was selected for the work by the foundation"; the list of recipients describes Trump as “German, developer,” Parks as “African-American, activist” and Ali as “African-American, boxer”; Trumpers later crop the photo to show Trump, Ali, and Parks isolated, with the caption that Trump is being honored for championing African-Ams. On Nov. 1 in Japan seven charred bodies of women of the Friends of Truth are found on a beach; their leader had recently died in a hospital. On Nov. 2 the Sinn Fein votes to end its policy of abstentionism (refusal to take seats in the Irish parliament AKA Dail Eireann), causing about 100 to walk out, forming the Repub. Sinn Fein (RSF), claiming to represent true traditional Irish republicanism while failing to reject the use of political violence. On Nov. 3 pro-Syrian Lebanese mag. Ash-Shiraa, breaks the story of U.S. arms sales to Iran - I'd like to have the story of how they broke that story? On Nov. 3 a bus crashes outside Murshidabad, West Bengal, India, killing 33 and injuring 28. On Nov. 6 (10 a.m.) after work by the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy, chaired by Lawrence Howard Fuchs (1927-2013) of Brandeis U., Pres. Reagan signs the 1986 U.S. Immigration Reform and Control Act, with the soundbyte: "Future generations of Americans will be thankful for our efforts to humanely regain control of our borders and thereby preserve the value of one of the most sacred possession of our people, American citizenship", granting amnesty to 2.7M Mexican immigrants who entered illegally before Jan. 1, 1982, while providing for sanctions against employers knowingly hiring them, and increasing funding for the INS, whose Border Patrol is described as one of the most effective law enforcement agencies in U.S. history, becoming the first major bipartisan amnesty; applicants for amnesty are required to take English and civics classes; after extended families are permitted to immigrate in 1990, over 10M receive amnesty, which only encourages more immigration, and by 2009 there are 12M-20M illegals clamoring for a new amnesty; a provision for a nat. ID system is scrapped after Rep. Edward Ross Roybal (1916-2005) (D-Calif.) warns "We may face the danger of ending up like Nazi Germany"; Father Theodore Martin Hesburgh (1917-2005), pres. of Notre Dame U. and chmn. of the immigration committee frets that "There were all kinds of phony excuses" to force the dropping of the nat. ID; next June 1 he retires as pres. of Notre Dame U. after 37 years. On Nov. 7 the Public Order Act is passed in Britain; Section 5 implements legislation on "hate crime", effectively stifling all freedom of speech - the Marxist overlords are readying Britain for a pop. replacement? On Nov. 9 Israel says it is holding Mordechai Vanunu (1954-), a former nuclear technician who had vanished after providing info. to a British newspaper about Israel's nuclear weapons program; he is convicted of treason and sentenced to 18 years in prison, and is released on Apr. 21, 2004 - no Mogen David for you? On Nov. 13 Pres. Reagan gives an Address to the Nation on Iran, denying Iran arms deals. On Nov. 13 a Soviet Politburo meeting on Afghanistan features Mikhail Gorbachev uttering the soundbyte: "We have been fighting in Afghanistan for six years already. If the approach is not changed, we will continue to fight for another 20-30 years... Are we going to fight endlessly as a testimony that our troops are not able to deal with the situation? We need to finish this process as soon as possible." On Nov. 14 after lobbying by Merck, Wyeth, Lederle, and Connaught, the U.S. Nat. Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (NCVIA) is signed by Pres. Reagan, shielding Big Pharma from vaccine injury lawsuits, steering them to an arbitration board with a Vaccine Injury Trust Fund; on Feb. 22, 2011 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 6-2 (Sotomayor, Ginsburg) in Bruesewitz v. Wyeth to shield drug cos. from all liability for harm caused by vaccines mandated by the govt. if they are "accompanied by proper directions and warnings". On Nov. 17 Renault Pres. Georges Besse (b. 1927) is shot to death outside his home by leftists of the Direct Action Group in Paris - if the workmanship sucks, try direct action? On Nov. 17-Dec. 10 students demonstrate against univ. reforms proposed by French education minister Alain Devaquet (1942-), causing him to resign on Dec. 8. On Nov. 21 the U.S. Justice Dept. begins an inquiry into the Nat. Security Council; Lt. Col. Oliver Laurence North (1943-) shreds important documents to thwart it; on Nov. 22 the U.S. Justice Dept. finds a memo in North's office on the transfer of $12M to Contras from Iran arms sales; on Nov. 25 Pres. Reagan and U.S. atty.-gen. #75 (1985-8) Edwin "Ed" Meese III (1931-) reveal that profits from secret arms sales to Iran had been diverted to the Contras; on Nov. 26 Pres. Reagan appoints a commission headed by former Sen. John Tower to investigate his NSC staff in the wake of the Iran-Contra Affair. On Nov. 24 after making an official visit to Saudi Arabia et al., Prince Charles writes the Soundbyte that an "influx of foreign, European Jews" is the cause of turmoil in the Middle East, and that the Arabs see Israel as a "U.S. colony". On Nov. 28 the U.S. violates ceilings in the unratified SALT II nuclear arms treaty for the first time as an Air Force B-52 bomber capable of carrying atomic-tipped cruise missiles becomes operational. In Nov. King Faisal of Saudi Arabia adds the title "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" (Kaaba in Mecca, the Muhammad Mosque in Medina) to his name, causing Shiite rival Iran to host a conference of Muslim scholars who call for the overthow of the Saudi royals and for the creation of an Islamic council to administer the mosques; later 300 Iranian pilgrims are killed in clashes in Mecca, which the Saudis accuse Iran of instigating. In Nov. Lucchese crime family boss Anthony "Tony Ducks" Corallo (1913-2000) is sentenced to 100 years for Mafia labor racketeering; he dies in prison. On Dec. 1 Lt. Col. Oliver North pleads the Fifth Amendment before a Senate panel investigating the Iran-Contra arms sale. On Dec. 8 House Dems. select majority leader James Claude "Jim" Wright Jr. (1922-2015) (D-Tex., 1955-89) to be House Speaker #56 (until June 6, 1989), succeeding Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill. On Dec. 10-30 in China thousands of students, led by astrophysicist Fang Li-Zhi (Lizhi) (1936-), husband of physicist Li Shuxian begin protesting for democracy in Shanghai, and the demonstrations spread to Beijing, with Li-Zhi calling on China to embrace "science, democracy, creativity and independence" a la the May 4 Movement in 1919; on Dec. 21 500K Chinese students gather in Shanghai's People's Square calling for dem. reforms, just begging the govt. to get them for behaving badly; Denx Xiaoping storms a meeting of Communist Party leaders fuming about Li-Zhi, saying, that he's "so arrogant" and that he wants to "remold the Communist Party", and getting him expelled from the party for a 2nd time (first 1957), dismissed from his univ. post and reassigned to Peking Observatory to get him out of the way; it was Deng who rehabilitated and readmitted him in 1978. On Dec. 17 6'5" 270 lb. Jersey City, N.J.-born 1-man army contract killer Richard Leonard Kuklinski (1935-2006), known as the Iceman for his habit of freezing his victims to mask their time of death is arrested, then convicted and sentenced to life in prison in 1988, with 30 more years tacked on for murdering a mob-connected police officer, caliming to have murdered 100-250 men since 1948; subject of the 2012 film "The Iceman" starring Michael Shannon. On Dec. 19 the Soviet Union announces that it has freed dissident Andrei Sakharov from internal exile and pardoned his wife Yelena Bonner. On Dec. 19 Michael Griffith, a black is murdered in Howard Beach, an all-white neighborhood by a group of whites, bringing nationwide attention to the explosive state of U.S. race relations. On Dec. 20 "Captain Kirk" William Shatner appears on Saturday Night Live, telling Trekkies (Trekkers) to "get a life". On Dec. 23 the Deschenes Commission of Inquiry on War Criminals in Canada concludes that since 1948 "Canada devoted not the slightest energy to the search and prosecution of war criminals". On Dec. 25 Iraqi Airways Flight 163 (Boeing 737) en route from Baghdad to Amman crashes near Arar, Saudi Arabia after being hijacked by four Hezbollah hijackers who toss two hand grenades into the cockpit, killing 60 of 91 passengers and three of 15 crew; Lebanese terrorist Ribal Khalil Jallul is killed, his martyr poster being hung up near a Beirut mosque. On Dec. 27 San Diego State U. student Cara Evelynn Knott (b. 1966) is strangled to death by on-duty highway patrol officer "ticket assassin" Craig Allen Peyer (1950-), who is convicted of the murder in 1988, becoming the first homicide conviction of an on-duty CHiPS. On Dec. 30 canaries start being phased-out of Britain's coal mines in favor of electronic sensors. On Dec. 31 a fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico started by disgruntled hotel workers kills 97 and injures 140. In Dec. U.S. Marine Sgt. Clayton J. Lonetree (1960-) informs his CIA station chief in Austria that he had been spying for the Soviets (the first U.S. Marine spy); on Aug. 21, 1987 he becomes the first Marine ever convicting of giving secrets to the KGB after becoming romantically involved with a Soviet woman while serving as a U.S. Embassy guard in Moscow; he is sentenced to 30 years and serves eight, being released in Feb. 1996. The 1878 U.S. Posse Comitatus Act is amended to allow the U.S. military to be used in the war on drugs - thanks to Tom Clancy? Shek Jaber of Kuwait dissolves parliament for severely criticizing his govt. Up-and-comer Boris N. Yeltsin gets a seat on the Soviet Politburo. The U.S. Diversity Immigrant Visa Program establishes the Diversity Lottery to bolster the skills of the U.S. workforce and reuinite familes; in practice it only fosters leftist multiculturalism even if it causes internal inhomogeneity and strife? The U.S. outlaws leaded gasoline, ending a 68-year coverup. The Dollywood theme park, co-owned by country singer Dolly Parton opens in Pigeon Forge, Tenn. in the Smoky Mts., growing to 3M visitors a year. The Television Bureau of Advertising announces that the avg. U.S. household watches seven hours of TV a day. The Treaty of Raratonga sets up a South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone. The U.S. Mint begins issuing .999 fine American Eagle Silver Bullion coins for collectors. Pro-free-market Nguyen Van Linh (1915-98) becomes Communist Party gen.-secy. in Vietnam. Newsweek forecasts that by 1991 HIV will spread to 5M-10M Americans; insted, infections peak at 1.5M, and decline sharply after 1994. The U.S. Federal Election Commission reports that 68.8% of PAC donations went to incumbents in the 1985-86 election cycle, and in federal-level elections only 14.2% went to incumbents. Despite many orthodox Jews denying the figures of Holocaust victims, claiming that Zionists bloated them to gain support for Israel, Israel becomes the first nation to pass Holocaust Denial Laws, followed by France in 1990; by 2010 17 nations have them, often broadened to genocide denial and other thought crimes. Lynne Cheney (1941-), wife of Dick Cheney becomes chmn. of the Nat. Endowment for the Humanities (until 1993). After Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton is pressured by his shareholders and wife Helen to appoint a woman to his co.'s 15-member board of dirs., he selects Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of Ark. gov. Bill Clinton, who serves until 1992; when it later comes under fire from the Dem. Party for its anti-union stance, unaffordable health insurance, and worker mistreatment, she returns a $5K campaign donation in 2005. There are 30M computers in use in the U.S. by this year. The Discover Card begins to be offered to credit-happy Americans looking to discover new ways to file bankruptcy? Nintendo video games are introduced in the U.S. Fidel Castro gives up cigars. Armand Hammer buys Church & Dwight, maker of Arm & Hammer baking soda - just for laffs? The European Economic Assoc. holds its first annual congress in Vienna; in 2003 it founds the Journal of the European Economic Assoc.. The Internat. Joseph A. Schumpeter Society is founded in Germany, going on to pub. the Journal of Evolutionary Economics. The CIA front Business Internat. Corp. (BI), with HQ at 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza in Manhattan, N.Y. is founded by liberal Dem. Eldridge Haynes to assist U.S. cos. operating abroad, becoming the first place future pres. Barack Obama works after graduating from Columbia U. in 1983, under boss Henry Kissinger, using the income to pay off his student loans. In 1986-9 the Historikerstreit (Historians' Dispute) sees left-wing and right-wing historians of Nazi Germany split over how to compare its crimes with those of the Soviet Union, with the right-wingers seeing the Third Reich as a type of totalitarianism a la the Soviet Union, which means that a new Reich can arise anywhere anytime, downplaying Soviet crimes, and the left-wingers seeing it as a type of fascism a la Fascist Italy, making their crimes unique in history, downplaying Nazi crimes; the fall of Communism in E Europe in 1989-91 that exposes more info. about Soviet crimes causes the left-wingers to lose the debate? Jeff Fort (1947-), leader of the Almighty Black P. Stone Nation (BPSN) black street gang in S Chicago, Ill. (founded 1960), which turned Muslim after he did is indicted for trying to purchase high-powered rocket launchers from Libyan leader Muammar Gadhafi, and convicted next year; Fort is imprisoned under maximum security (until ?). The Muslim Public Affairs Council is founded to lobby for Muslims; its leaders are linked to the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. Am. columnist Kurt Andersen (1954-) and Canadian-born columnist Graydon Carter (1949-) found Spy mag. in New York City, which sets a standard for U.S. journalistic sarcasm, irony and snarkiness. Q music mag. is founded in Oct. in the U.K. by Mark Ellen and David Hepworth (1950-). Sperry and Burroughs merge to form Unisys in an effort to compete with IBM in the mainframe computer business; the stock initially rises but then loses up to 94% of its value. The first McDonald's restaurant opens in Italy (Rome). Acura introduces the Legend sedan. The Tex. Dept. of Transprtation begins erecting road signs that read "Don't Mess with Texas". Gen. Mills' Betty Crocker #7 makes her debut with a floppy bow tie (until 1996). Desmond Tutu becomes Anglican archbishop of South Africa. Count Gottfried von Bismarck (1962-2000), the great-great-grandson of Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck, a member of the 12-member secret Piers Gaveston Society of Oxford U., known for drinking and public sexual shenanigans (which incl. actor Hugh Grant), and known for wearing fishnet stocks and Bavarian lederhosen at his lavish parties featuring pig heads on the dinner table is found in bed with the daughter of a Conservative govt. minister who died of a drug OD after his end-of-term party at Oxford U., and is not implicated in her death, but is charged with drug possession. Border Angels is founded by Enrique Morones to stop unnecessary deaths of Mexicans sneaking over the U.S.-Mexico border. The city of Washington, D.C. passes a law permitting women to go topless in public. The Economic Policy Inst. in Washington, D.C. is founded as a liberal think tank on economic issues by economists Geoffrey "Jeff" Faux (pres. until 2002), Freddie Ray Marshall (1928-), Lester Carl Thurow (1938-), Robert Bernard Reich (1946-), Barry Bluestone, and Robert Kuttner (1943-). The center-left pro-left The Independent newspaper is founded in London; in 2003 it goes from broadsheet to tabloid format. After being ordained in Religious Science in 1985, Michael Bernard Beckwith founds the Agape Internat. Spiritual Center in Culver City, Calif., which grows to 8K members. Orthez, France-born chef (student of Roger Verge) Alain Ducasse (1956-) becomes head chef at the Hotel de Paris in Monte Carlo, expanding and becoming the first chef to own Michelin 3-star restaurants in three cities. New York City-born gay Jewish fashion designer Marc Jacobs (1963-) debuts his first collection, joining Perry Ellis in 1988, getting fired in 1992 for designing a "grunge" collection; in 1994 he launches his own line of men's wear, going on to expand to 200 retail stores in 80 countries; in 1997-2014 he becomes the creative dir. of the French house Louis Vuitton. The tabloids begin claiming that Michael Jackson sleeps in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to stay young and effeminate looking and sounding, which he denies; later he is claimed to be trying to buy the bones of Elephant Man Joseph Merrick, which he also denies, causing him to become known as Wacko Jacko, and causing him to release the 1989 music video Leave Me Alone. The 10-hour TV miniseries Shaka Zulu debuts, dir. by William C. Faure (1949-94), written by Joshua Sinclair (1953-) based on his 1985 novel, and starring frightening South African soccer star Henry Cele (1949-2007) as Shaka, king of the Zulus in 1816-28; too bad, Cele's career later takes a dive and he ends up dying chained to a hospital bed in 2007. Am. "Man with No Name" tough-guy actor Clinton "Clint" Eastwood Jr. (1930-) becomes mayor of the coastal village of Carmel, Calif. (until 1988) by a vote of 2,166 to 789. The Central Platte Valley Comprehensive Plan Amendment is passed by the City Council of Denver, Colo., calling for urban renewal of Denver's Platte Valley, the largest tract of undeveloped land near a major city's downtown area in the U.S.; in Jan. 1990 Mayor Pena appoints a Steering Committee, which produces a revised version on June 1, 1991. Donald Trump saves the dirt-poor Hill Family of Burke County, Ga. from losing their family farm, and tries to keep his involvement secret, but when it leaks, uses his publicity to arrange for the family to go on talk shows to raise more money; meanwhile Denver, Colo.-based billionaire Marvin Davis beats Donald Trump to buy the posh Beverly Hills Hotel (where the Davises had stayed on their honeymoon) for $135M; he sells it next year to the Sultan of Brunei for $200M; the Davises move from Denver, Colo. to Beverly Hills, Calif. Dupont begins marketing the Teflon Stainmaster carpet. Johnny Rockets restaurants are founded on June 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. by Ronn Teitelbaum to recreate 1940s malt shops. Uptown Records is founded by Andre Harrell, going on to sign hip hop and R&B acts incl. Heavy D (Dwight Myers) (1967-), The Boyz, and Mary Jane Blige (1971-). Ellen Barkin and Gabriel Byrne meet on the set of "Siesta" and get married (until 1999). "Perfect" dancer Anthony James Dowell (1943-) (dance partner of Antoinette Sibley (1939-)) becomes dir. of the Royal Ballet in England (until 2001). Euro-Toques (European Community of Cooks) is founded by Brussels-born Belgian chef Baron Pierre Romeyer (Romeijer) (1930-) of 3-star Le Maison de Bouche to promote the principles of fine cooking; the Irish branch is founded by County Cork-born Myrtle Allen (nee Hill) (1924-), who goes on to become the Alice Waters of Irish cooking. Manly-voiced DJ Shadoe Stevens (1947-), who was billed as "world's youngest DJ" in 1957 gains fame as the announcer for The Hollywood Squares (until 1989). Foxwoods Resort Casino in Conn. is founded by the Mashantucket Pequot tribe, becoming the world's largest casino; it starts out as a bingo parlor - let's get even with the palefaces in the train? Donald Trump tries to build the first casino in Darling Harbour in Sydney, N.S.W., Australia, but is rejected next May 5 after police warn of his links to the Mafia. Al-Muhajiroun is founded in England in Jan. 14 by Syrian-born Omar Bakri Muhammad (Fostock) (1958-); in Aug. 2005 the British govt. bans it. Islam is introduced in Transmara District of Kenya by Mohammad ole Sekengei, pissing-off the centuries-old Maasai culture; by 2010 it has 5K followers. The first Burning Man event is held in the Black Rock Desert of N Nev., featuring a ritual burning of a large wooden effigy on Sat. evening before Labor Day. The Sub Pop record label is founded in Seattle, Wash. to promote grunge music, signing Soundgarden, Nirvana, et al. The Genesis Awards are founded by actress Gretchen Wyler for the U.S. Humane Society to honor those who promote compassion toward animals. Sports: On Jan. 17 "Terrible" Tim Witherspoon (1957-) outpoints Tony Tubbs in 15 rounds in Atlanta, Ga. to win the WBA heavyweight boxing title; on Dec. ? he is KOd in round 1 by James "Bonecrusher" Smith (1953-); on Nov. 22 20-y.-o. 5'11-1/2" Michael Gerard "Iron Mike" Tyson (1966-) knocks out Trevor Berbick in round 2 and wins the WBC heavyweight boxing title, becoming known as "the Baddest Man on the Planet" and "Kid Dynamite". On Feb. 8 5'7" Atlanta Hawks basketball player Anthony Jerome "Spud" Webb (1963-) wins the slam-dunk contest during All-Star Weekend, beating 6'8" defending champ Jacques Dominique Wilkins (1960-), "the Human Highlight Film", proving that size doesn't necessarily matter (but white men can't jump?); the shortest NBA player in history is 5'3" Tyrone Curtis "Muggsy" Bogues (1965-) (1987/8-2000/1); of the five shortest players in NBA history, three played for the Denver Nuggets: 5'7" Monte Towe, 5'7" Greg Grant, 5'5" Earl Boykins; 5'9" hall-of-famer Calvin Murphy is the most successful player under 6 ft., with a career avg. 17.9 points. On Feb. 15 the largest NBA crowd to date numbers 44,180 with Philadelphia at Detroit. On Feb. 16 after paying tribute to the astronauts of Space Shuttle Challenger, the 1986 (28th) Daytona 500 is won by Geoffrey Eli "Geoff" Bodine (1949-) on fuel mileage after Dale Earnhardt Sr. is forced to pit for gas on lap 197, then blows his engine leaving the pits. On Apr. 11 Dodge Morgan sails solo nonstop around the world in 150 days. On Apr. 13 the Celtics go 40-1 at home, becoming the best home record in NBA history (until ?). On Apr. 13 Columbus, Ohio native Jack Nicklaus (1940-), "the Golden Bear" wins the Masters at age 46 his 18th and final major golf championship. On Apr. 20 2nd-year Chicago Bulls player Michael Jordan scores 63 points in Game 2 of a 1st-round Eastern Conference series against the Boston Celtics, becoming a record for the NBA playoffs; the Bulls lose 135-131 in double OT and are eventually swept; on May 26-June 8 the 1986 NBA Finals sees the Boston Celtics (coach K.C. Jones) defeat the Houston Rockets (coach Bill Fitch) by 4-2; MVP is Larry Bird of the Celtics. On May 3 Ferdinand (1983-2002) wins the Kentucky Derby; after being sold to a breeding farm in Japan in 1994, he ends up in a slaughter house, outraging fans, causing the creation of the voluntarily Ferdinand Fee to keep old racehorses alive, and the congressional efforts to ban the slaughter of horses in the U.S. On May 16-24 the 1986 Stanley Cup Finals (first all-Canadian Finals since 1967) see the Montreal Canadiens defeat the Calgary Flames (first appearance) 4-1, becoming their 17th win in their last 18 Finals appearances since 1956; MVP is Canadiens rookie goalie "Saint" Patrick Jacques Roy (1965-) (pr. "wah"). On May 31 after being rained out on May 25-26 the 1986 (70th) Indianapolis 500 is won by Robert Woodward "Bobby" Rahal (1953-), who becomes the first to finish in less than 3 hours. Ron Laird (1938-) becomes the first race walker to be inducted into the U.S. Nat. Track and Field Hall of Fame - get the laird out, walk don't ron? On May 31-June 29 the 13th FIFA World Cup of Soccer sees Argentina defeat West Germany 3-2 after Argentine team captain Diego Armando Maradona (1960-) scores the infamous Hand of God Goal, followed by the Goal of the Cent. against England in the same quarter-final, in which Maradona runs from midfield past five English defenders to score; in Aug. 2005 Maradona admits that he struck the ball with his hand in the Hand of God Goal. On June 17 the 1986 NBA Draft selects a record 66 players who debut with the NBA, with second-rounders shining over first-rounders, incl. 6'7" small-power forward Dennis Keith "the Worm" Rodman (1961-) ("best rebounding forward in NBA history"), who is drafted as the 3rd pick (27th overall) by the Detroit Pistons (#10) to join the Bad Boys of head coach (1983-92) Charles Jerome "Chuck" Daly (1930-2009), incl. guards Isiah Thomas and Joe Dumars, forwards Adrian Dantley and Sidney Green, and center Bill Laimbeer, who end the runs of the Boston Celtics and Larry Bird, and the Los Angeles Lakers and Magic Johnson; Rodman goes on to lead the NBA in rebounds per game for a record seven straight years, and win five NBA championships, playing for the San Antonio Spurs in 1993-5, the Chicago Bulls in 1995-8, the Los Angeles Lakers in 1999, and the Dallas Mavericks in 2000; in 2008-9 the first Chuck Daly Lifetime Achievement Award is presented to Tommy Heinsohn, followed by Jack Ramsay and Tex Winter in 2009-10, Lenny Wilkens in 2010-11, Pat Riley in 2011-12, Bill Fitch in 2012-13, and Bernie Bickerstaff in 2013-14. On June 19 less than 48 hours after being selected by the Boston Celtics in the 1st round of the NBA draft, black college basketball star (#34 for Maryland) Leonard Kevin "Len" Bias (b. 1963) dies from a cocaine OD, shocking the nation. On July 28 Anatoly Karpov and Gary Kasparov repeat their Karpov-Kasparov World Chess Championship; Kasparov wins 12.5-11.5. On Oct. 18-27 just when they think they're going to 86 the jinx, in Game 6 Bill Buckner of Boston makes an error allowing the Mets to extend the series, and the New York Mets (NL) (owned by Doubleday & Co.) come from behind to defeat the Boston Red Sox (AL) 8-5 in Game 7 at Shea Stadium to win the Eighty-Third (83rd) World Series by 4-3; the 1918 Curse of the Bambino continues. Gregory James "Greg" LeMond (1961-) becomes the first U.S. cyclist to win the Tour de France, and wins again in 1989 and 1990. On Nov. 22 Detroit, Mich.-born bowler George Branham III (1962-) wins the Brunswick Memorial World Open in Glendale Heights, Ill., becoming the first African-Am. to win a PBA nat. tour title (until ?); he goes on to win the 1993 PBA Tournament of Champions (last sponsored by Firestone Tire) (first African-Am. until ?), and set a record of winning his first eight straight PBA Finals matches, retiring after the 2003 season after rolling 23 PBA 300 games. On Nov. 28 NBC's Ahmad Rashad hears the acceptance of his marriage proposal from Phylicia Ayers-Allen during halftime of the Detroit Lions-New York Jets football game. The Stanford U. Marching Band is suspended after members urinate on the field and spell out swear words during the halftime show, adding the Yellow Swear Word show to the Death of Mao Tribute and Flying Genitalia Formation. Ann Bancroft (1955-), a white education teacher from Minn. becomes the first female to trek to the North Pole. Spanish hurdler Maria Jose Martinez-Patino (Maria José Martínez-Patińo) is stripped of her first place winnings from the 1985 World Univ. Games in Kobe, Japan after being discovered to have a male XY chromosome, ending her athletic career and ruining her personal life; "I lost my friends, my fiance, hope and energy." In his 3rd ML season William Roger "the Rocket" Clemens (1962-) of the Boston Red Sox starts the season with a record 13 straight wins and one no-decision (a 9-6 V over Oakland on May 9, which would have been a perfect 15-0 start until Bob Stanley blew the save in the bottom of the 9th, and the Red Sox score 4 in the 10th inning to win)), ending the season with a 24-4 record then leading the Red Sox into the World Series, winning the AL Cy Young award and the ML MPV award, becoming the first time since 1971 that a starting pitcher takes MVP honors. Eureka, Calif.-born Walter Ray "Deadeye" Williams Jr. (1959-) wins his first of a record seven PBA Player of the Year Awards (last 2010), becoming the first bowler in history to surprass $2M in earnings in 1997, $3M in 2003, and $4M in 2008; on Sept. 24, 2006 he passes Earl Anthony's career record of 41 PBA tour titles with a win at the DYDO Japan Cup over Pete Weber by 289-236; in the winter 2010 issue of U.S. Bowler he is named male bowler of the decade (2000-9); he also wins the world title in horseshoe throwing 9x, and in 1989 is invited to the White House to play with Pres. George H.W. Bush; too bad, he never wins the PBA Tournament of Champions (until ?). Hungarian-born Zsuzsanna "Susan" Polgar (1969-) becomes the first woman to qualify for the men's World Chess Championship after winning 15 qualifying rounds; too bad, the rules won't let her play, although the Chess Federation changes the rules next year; in 1991 she becomes the first woman to win a grandmaster title in competition against men, and in 1996 after immigrating to the U.S. in 1994 she becomes the first chess player to win the triple crown (World Blitz, Rapid, and Classical World Championships). The U. of Miami football team, coached by Jimmy Johnson takes NFL-style intimidation of opponents to college football; a 14-10 Fiesta Bowl V over them by Penn State sees Miami Heisman Trophy winner QB Vincent Frank "Vinny" Testaverde (1963-) throw five picks and turn the ball over 7x; in 2010 Sports Illustrated picks them as the most-hated sports team in U.S. history. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel (1928-) (U.S.); Lit.: Akinwande Oluwole "Wole" Soyinka ( (1934-) (Nigeria); Physics: Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (1906-88) (West Germany) [electron microscope], and Gerd Binnig (1947-) (West Germany) and Heinrich Rohrer (1933-) (Switzerland) [scanning tunneling microscope]; Chemistry: Dudley Robert Herschbach (1932-) and Yuan Tseh Lee (1936-) (U.S.), and John Charles Polanyi (1929-) (Canada) [dynamics of chemical elementary processes]; Medicine: Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-) (U.S.-Italy) and Stanley Cohen (1922-) (U.S.) [nerve growth factor]; Economics: James McGill Buchanan Jr. (1919-) (U.S.) [decision-making]. Inventions: In Jan. Brain.a makes its appearance, becoming the first computer virus for MS-DOS computers, leaving the phone number of the computer repair shop of Pakistani brothers Amjad Farooq Alvi and Basit Farooq Alvi; computer viruses are a genuine Muslim invention? On Feb. 20 the Soviet Union launches the Mir (Russ. "world") space station into low Earth orbit (200 mi.), becoming the first modular space station, which continues to be assembled in orbit until 1996; it reenters the atmosphere on Mar. 23, 2001. On Dec. 14-23 Richard Glenn "Dick" Rutan (1938-) and Jeana Yeager (1952-) (no relation to Chuck Yeager) make the first nonstop flight around the world without refueling on their ship Rutan Model 76 Voyager, designed by Dick's younger brother Elbert Leander "Burt" Rutan (1943-), flying 26,366 mi. (42,432 km) in 9 days 3 min. 44 sec. The $6,449 Compaq Deskpro Model 40 is introduced, becoming the first PC utilizing the Intel 80386 32-bit microprocessor, with a 40MB hard disk drive; the $8,799 Compaq Model 130 has a 130MB hard drive. Am. marine biologist Greg Marshall invents Crittercam, which is later funded by Nat. Geographic, and used in Luc Jacquet's 2005 film March of the Penguins. Levi Strauss & Co. introduce Dockers casual khaki pants, which become a billion-dollar biz in eight years, with 70% of U.S. men having them. Am. plastic surgeon G. Gregory Gallico III invents a synthetic human skin. MIT researchers start work on Hyperinstruments. In 1986 Fujifilm introduces Utsurundesu (Jap. "It can take photos"), the first single-use camera. Science: On Dec. 17 Davina Thompson (1947-98) becomes the world's first triple transplant patient when she receives a new heart, lungs, and liver at Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, England. Krystof Bankiewicz discovers that the reason L-Dopa stops working is too little aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the brain. Genetic (DNA) Fingerprinting (Profiling) is first used in a courtroom. Swiss physicist Karl Alexander "K. Alex" Muller (1927-) and West German physicist Johannes Georg Bednorz (1950-) of IBM pioneer High-Temperature Superconductivity in ceramics (copper oxide), winning them a fast hot Nobel Prize in Physics next year. Am. molecular biologist Jeremy Nathans (1958-) et al. isolate the opsin genes for human color vision and color blindness. The first binary (paired) quasar is discovered by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center 12B l.y. away in the direction of the constellation Crater; a quasar trio is discovered in 1989. Brent Tully of the U. of Hawaii discovers superclusters of galaxies 300M l.y. long and 100M l.y. thick, which would require 80B years to create from the Big Bang, throwing doubt on the latter. English mathematician Stephen Wolfram (1959-) founds Wolfram Research Inc., releasing Mathematica software algebra system for solving complex problems on June 23, 1988. Nonfiction: Fouad A. Ajami (1945-), The Vanished Imam: Musa Al-Sadr and the Shia of Lebanon. Francesco Alberoni (1929-), Eroticism. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), Trillion Year Spree: The History of Science Fiction. Christopher Andrew, Her Majesty's Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community. Maya Angelou (1928-), All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes (autobio.). Inge Auerbacher (1934-), I Am a Star (autobio.); Terezin Concentration Camp survivor. Uri Avneri (1923-2018), My Friend, the Enemy. Bernard Bailyn (1922-), The Peopling of British America: An Introduction; Voyagers to the West: A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution (Pulitzer Prize) (first in 1967). Albert Bandura (1925-), Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory; portrays people as self-organizing and self-regulating, proposing the concepts of Triadic Reciprocality, the connections between human behavior, environmental factors, and personal factors, and Reciprocal Determinism, the causal relations between those factors. William Christopher Barrett (1913-92), Death of the Soul: From Descartes to the Computer; is the Universe just a big machine, and the soul an illusion? John David Barrow (1952-) and Frank J. Tipler (1947-), The Anthropic Cosmological Principle; Brandon Carter's 1973 idea revisited, coming up with the Omega Point, the day when society will have unlimited computational resources available and can emulate any environment, incl. the ability to resurrect life. Barbara Bergmann (1927-), The Economic Emergence of Women. Michael R. Beschloss (1955-), Truman F. Bewley (1941-), Stationary Monetary Equilibrium with a Continuum of Independently Fluctuating Consumers; proposes the Aiyagari-Bewley Economic Model with S. Rao Aiyagari (1951-97). Mayday: Eisenhower, Khrushchev and the U-2 Affair. Earle Birney (1904-95), Essays on Chaucerian Irony (Jan.). William Bloom (1948-), Devas, Fairies, and Angels. David Bodanis, The Secret House: The Extraordinary Science of an Ordinary Day; "A small sample of the oxygen molecules from any breath that anybody took within the past few thousand years is near certain to be in the next breath you take." Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), Mending the World: Quaker Insights on the Social Order. James Brander (1953-) and Tracy R. Lewis, Oligopoly and Financial Structure: The Limited Liability Effect; proposes a model of a dupopoly where one dupolist prefers low risk, allowing the other to engage in a risky low-margin high-output strategy to gain market share; too bad, if they both do it, they end up worse off than if they hadn't tried it, like with the deregulated North Am. airline industry. Fenner Brockway (1888-1988), 98 Not Out (autobio.). Tom Brown Jr. (1950-), The Tracker. Anne Gorsuch Burford (1942-2004), Are You Tough Enough? (autobio.). Benjamin Chavis Jr. (1948-), Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States of America; coins the term "environmental racism". Phyllis Chesler (1940-), Mothers on Trial: The Battle for Children and Custody. Deepak Chopra (1946-), Creating Health: How to Wake Up the Body's Intelligence (first book); revised ed. pub. in 1995. Bill Cosby (1937-), Fatherhood (autobio.); bestseller. Collins Pub., A Day in the Life of America. John Darwin (1948-), Triumphs of Big Ben (Oct. 23). Richard Dawkins (1941-), The Blind Watchmaker; if God is a watchmaker he must be you know what? - bliss is everywhere, you just have to unwrap it? Edwin Denby (1903-83), Dance Writings and Poetry (posth.). J.P. Donleavy (1926-), J.P. Donleavy's Ireland: In All Her Sins and in Some of Her Graces Eric Drexler (1955-), Engines of Creation; the coming age of nanotechnology; 2nd ed. 2007. Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), The Frontiers of Management. Martin Bauml Duberman (1930-), About Time: Exploring the Gay Past. Barbara Ehrenreich (1941-), Elizabeth Hess, and Gloria Jacobs, Re-Making Love: The Feminization of Sex; the 1960s sexual rev. confronts AIDS. Mircea Eliade (1907-86), Symbolism, the Sacred and the Arts. Sir William Empson (1906-84), Essays on Shakespeare; The Royal Beasts and Other Works (posth.). Joseph Epstein (1937-), Plausible Prejudices: Esays on American Writing (May). Robert Finch (1943-), Outlands: Journey to the Outer Edges of Cape Doe. Frances FitzGerald (1940-), Cities on a Hill: A Brilliant Exploration of Visionary Communities Remaking the American Dream. Antony Flew (1923-), God: A Critical Inquiry. Marilyn French (1929-2009), Beyond Power: On Women, Men, and Morals (Apr. 12); claims that the system that puts men in positions of power is not "God given". David J. Garrow (1953-), Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Pulitzer Prize); how MLK Jr.'s Christian faith spurred him on, but his sexual escapades dogged him with fear of exposure; "I'm away from home 25-27 days a month. Fucking's a form of anxiety reduction." (MLK Jr.). George F. Gilder (1939-), Men and Marriage; rev. ed of "Sexual Suicide" (1973); gets him named "Male Chauvinist Pig of the Year" by Time mag. Jane Goodall (1934-), The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior (Sept.). Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), The Holocaust: The Jewish Tragedy; Shcharansky: Hero of Our Time. Nadine Gordimer (1923-) and David Goldblatt, Lifetimes Under Apartheid (Oct. 12). Rosey Grier (1932-), Rosey, an Autobiography: The Gentle Giant (Aug.). Ludwig Fritz "Lutz" Haber (1921-2004), The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War (Mar. 20); a history of poison gas, pioneered by his daddy Fritz Haber. David Halberstam (1934-2007), The Reckoning (Sept.); the U.S. auto industry and its systematic defeat by the Japanese auto industry. Graham Hancock (1950-), AIDS: The Deadly Epidemic. Oscar Handlin (1915-2011) and Lilian Handlin, Liberty in America: 1600 to the Present (4 vols.) (1986-94); incl. Liberty and Power, 1600-1760 (1986), Liberty in Expansion, 1760-1850 (1989), Liberty in Peril, 1850-1920 (1992), Liberty and Equality, 1920-1994 (1994). Michael Harrington (1928-89), The Next Left: The History of a Future. Lesley Hazleton (1945-), Jerusalem, Jerusalem: A Memoir of War and Peace, Passion and Politics. Anthony Hecht (1923-2004), Obbligati: Essays in Criticism (Sept.). Paul Heelas and Judith Thompson, The Way of the Heart: The Rajneesh Movement. Adam Hochschild (1942-), Half the Way Home: A Memoir of Father and Son (autobio.) (first book). Benjamin Hoff (1946-), The Singing Creek Where the Willows Grow. Irving Howe (1920-93), The American Newness: Culture and Politics in the Age of Emerson (Mar. 21); Socialism and America (Nov. 21). Irving Howe (1920-93), Michael Walzer (1935-), Leonard Fein, and Mitchell Cohen (1952-), American Jews and Liberalism. Robert Rhodes James (1933-99), Anthony Eden. Efraim Karsh (1953-), The Cautious Bear: Soviet Military Engagement in Middle East Wars in the Post-1967 Era (Mar.) (first book). Rashid Khalidi (1948-), Under Siege: PLO Decisionmaking During the 1982 War; gets him a position on the faculty of the U. of Chicago U. in 1987-95, where he becomes "one of the most influential commentators from within Middle Eastern Studies", and a good friend of up-and-coming Barack Obama. Joseph Morgan Kousser (1943-), Dead End: The Development of Litigation on Racial Discrimination in Schools in 19th Century America. Jonathan Kozol (1936-), Illiterate America (Mar. 1). Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr., The Army and Vietnam; criticizes Gen. Westmoreland for concentrating on search & destroy attrition of enemy forces in the field rather than denial of acccess to the villages. Hans Kung, Christianity and the World Religions: Paths of Dialogue with Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. John Laffin, Brassey's Battles: 3,500 Years of Conflict, Campaigns and Wars from A-Z (London). Frances Moore Lappe (1944-), World Hunger: Twelve Myths; 2nd ed. pub. in 1998. Joseph Lelyveld (1937-), Move Your Shadow: South Africa, Black and White (Pulitzer Prize). Gerda Lerner (1920-2013), The Creation of Patriarchy. Stephen Levine (1937-), Who Dies: An Investigation of Conscious Living and Conscious Dying. Bernard Lewis (1916-2018), Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice; Arab rage against the state of Israel is disproportionate compared to the Soviet invasion of Aghanistan et al.? Robert Jay Lifton (1926-), The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. Audre Lorde (1934-92), Turning the Beat Around: Lesbian Parenting. Peter Maas (1929-2001), Manhunt: The Incredible Pursuit of a CIA Agent Turned Terrorist. Golo Mann (1909-94), Erinnerungen und Gedanken: Eine Jugend in Deutschland (autobio.). Martin Emil Marty (1928-), Modern American Religion (3 vols.) (1986-96). Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-), The Africans: A Triple Heritage. William Manchester (1922-2004), H.L. Mencken: Disturber of the Peace. John McPhee (1931-), Heirs of General Practice (Apr. 1); Table of Contents (essays) (Oct. 1). John Gordon Melton (1942-), Encyclopedic Handbook of Cults in America; Biographical Dictionary of American Cult and Sect Leaders. James Mills (1932-), The Underground Empire: Where Crime and Governments Embrace; U.S. govt. involvement in drug dealing and corruption; "The inhabitants of the earth spend more money on illegal drugs than they spend on food. More than they spend on housing, clothes, education, medical care, or any other product or service." Richard Ward Morris (1939-2003), Time's Arrows: Scientific Attitudes Toward Time (Jan. 7). Penelope Ruth Mortimer (1918-99), Queen Elizabeth: A Portrait of the Queen Mother; bestseller exposing her vindictive side; rejected by Macmillan, who commissioned it, then pub. by Viking. Sir Nevill Francis Mott (1905-96), A Life in Science (autobio.). Joseph Needham (1900-95), The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery and Invention; Heavenly Clockwork: The Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China; The Hall of Heavenly Records: Korean Astronomical Instruments and Clocks, 1380-1780. Phil Niekro (1939-) and Tom Bird, Knuckle Balls; his 300th career victory during the 1985 season. Stanley Olson, John Singer Sargent. Robert Evan Ornstein (1942-), Multimind: A New Way of Looking at Human Behavior; the human mind is a "bastard hybrid system"? P.J. O'Rourke (1947-), The Bachelor Home Companion: A Practical Guide to Keeping House Like a Pig. Michael Parenti (1933-), Inventing Reality: The Politics of News Media. Derek Parfit (1942-), Reasons and Persons; proposes the Mere Addition Paradox and the Repugnant Conclusion, that it's better to have a larger pop. even if its members have lives that are barely worth living. Raphael Patai (1910-96), The Seed of Abraham: Jews and Arabs in Contact and Conflict. Harvey Pekar (1939-2010), American Splendor: The Life and Times of Harvey Pekar; underground comic book writer; filmed in 2003 starring Paul Giamatti. Walker Percy (1916-90), Novel-Writing in an Apocalyptic Time. S.J. Perelman (1904-79), Don't Tread on Me (posth.). Roy Porter (1946-2002) and Sylvana Tomaselli, Rape: An Historical and Cultural Enquiry. Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000), The Time of My Life (autobio.). Marcus Raskin (1934-), The Common Good: Its Politics, Policies, and Philosophy. Janice G. Raymond (1943-), A Passion for Friends: Toward a Philosophy of Female Affection; by a lesbian ex-nun. Edwin Oldfather Reischauer (1910-90), My Life Between Japan and America (autobio.); claims it was Henry L. Stimson who steered Truman away from A-bombing temple-filled Kyoto. Marc Reisner (1948-2000), Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water; a fatal dependence on dams and aqueducts? Richard Rhodes (1937-), The Making of the Atomic Bomb (Pulitzer Prize). Paul Michael Romer (1955-), Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth; proposes the AK Model of Endogenous Growth. Nathan Rosenberg (1927-) and L.E. Birdzell Jr., How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transformation of the Industrial World; claims that the economic success of W Europe grew out of a loosening of political and religious controls, and that innovation is produced by economic competition among politically independent entities. David Rumelhart (1942-2011) and James McClelland (1948-), Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition; their computer models of perception incl. the first testable models of neural processing, becoming the bible of cognitive scientists. Joseph Harold Rush (1911-2006) et al., Foundations of Parapsychology: Exploring the Boundaries of Human Capability (May 27). Bernie S. Siegel, Love, Medicine and Miracles: Lessons Learned About Self-Healing from a Surgeon's Experience with Exceptional Patients; bestseller about the power of the mind to heal. Leslie Marmon Silko (1948-), The Delicacy and Strength of Lace (Nov. 1); correspondence with James Arlington Wright (1927-80). Kate Simon (1912-90), A Wider World (autobio.). B.F. Skinner (1904-90), Upon Further Reflection (autobio.) (Oct. 11). Kathryn Kish Sklar (ed.), The Autobiography of Florence Kelley [1869-1931]: Notes of Sixty Years. Robert Sobel (1931-99), Salomon Brothers, 1910-1985: Advancing to Leadership (Jan. 1); IBM vs. Japan: The Struggle for the Future (Jan.); The Entrepreneurs: An American Adventure (Oct.); RCA (Oct.). Gary Soto (1952-), Small Faces (autobio.) (Dec.). Thomas Sowell (1930-), Education: Assumptions Versus History. A.M. Sperber, Murrow: His Life and Times (June). Art Spiegelman (1948-), Maus: A Survivor's Tale (1986-91); his Polish Jewish Holocaust survivor father. George Steiner (1929-), A Reading Against Shakespeare. David Alan Stockman (1946-), The Triumph of Politics: Why the Reagan Revolution Failed - sir, are you sure, I'm sorry? Michael Sturmer (1938-), Land Without History (pub. in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on Apr. 25); claims that Germans lack a history to be proud of, causing a "loss of orientation", and need a positive view to be created by historians supported by the media and govt.; Dissonances of Progress (essays); "The future is won by those who coin concepts and interpret the past"; the annual Romerberg (Römerberg) Colloquia in Frankfurt, Germany are dominated by conservative German historian Michael Sturmer (Stürmer) (1938-), who complains of "the deadly idiocies of the victors of 1918" that led to a loss of German nat. identity, the collapse of the Weimar Repub. and the rise of the Nazi Party, blaming France and Russia for WWI, with the argument that whatever Germany did was only a defensive reaction imposed by their geography. Amir Taheri, The Spirit of Allah: Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution. Roderick Thorp (1936-99), Rainbow Drive. Jean Tirole (1953-), Dynamic Models of Oligopoly; begins his quest to understand market power and regulation, leading to the 2014 Nobel Econ. Prize. Tang Tsou (1919-99), The Cultural Revolution and Post-Mao Reforms: A Historical Perspective. John Tyndall (1934-2005), The Eleventh Hour (autobio.); explains the far-right whites-only British Nat. Party. Armando Valladares (1937-), Against All Hope: A Memoir of Life in Castro's Gulag (autobio.); his 22 lovely years in a Cuban priz for speaking out against Castro's Commie paradise - I grew up here, you're gonna grow up here? Michael Walzer (1935-), Exodus and Revolution (Oct. 9). Roger Whittaker (1936-), So Far, So Good (autobio.). Stuart Wilde (1946-), Affirmations. Angus Wilson (1913-91), Reflections in a Writer's Eye. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), The New Inquisition; compares "fundamental materialism" to religious fundamentalism. Fred Alan Wolf (1934-), The Body Quantum: The New Physics of Body, Mind and Health. Robin Wood (1931-2009), Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan. C. Vann Woodward (1908-99), Thinking Back: The Perils of Writing History (autobio.). Richard Wurmbrand, Marx and Satan (Dec.); claims that Karl Marx was once a devout Christian but joined a Satanic cult and got perverted to promote Communism to destroy humanity. Art: Nan Goldin (1953-), The Ballad of Sexual Dependency; title taken from Bertolt Brecht's "Threepenny Opera"; most of her models are dead by 2000 from drug ODs or AIDS. Gottfried Helnwein (1948-), Epiphany I (Adoration of the Magi). Bernard "Hap" Kliban (1935-90), The Biggest Tongue in Tunisia and Other Drawings (June 3). Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-89) and Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Black Book (July 15) (photos); based on the 1986 solo exhibition "Black Males", pissing-off critics for exploitation. Brice Marden (1938-), The Dylan Painting; new version of his 1966 encaustic (oil-beeswax) painting. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Mi-mosa; 24 Mai 1986; Une Pierre Qui Regagnera le Ciel, Oeramen; La Conscience est un Arbre Vetroresina. Bruce Nauman (1941-), Good Boy/ Bad Boy. Irving Penn (1917-2009), Mouth (color photo). Andy Warhol (1928-87), The Last Supper. Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009), Helga's Braids; one of 270+ paintings of his Chadds Ford, Penn. neighbor Helga Testorf (1939-). Music: ABBA, ABBA Live (album) (Aug. 18). AC/DC, Maximum Overdrive Soundtrack (Who Made Who) (album) (May 24); incl. Who Made You, You Shook Me All Night Long. a-ha, Scoundrel Days (album #2) (Oct. 6) (#74 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. I've Been Losing You (#8 in the U.K.), Cry Wolf (#50 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.), Manhattan Skyline (#13 in the U.K.). Gregg Allman (1947-), I'm No Angel(album #3); incl. I'm No Angel. The B-52's, Bouncing Off the Satellites (album #4) (Sept. 8) (#85 in the U.S.); Ricky Wilson dies of AIDS during the recording; incl. Summer of Love. Billy Bragg (1957-), Talking with the Taxman about Poetry (album #3) (Sept.); incl. Levi Stubbs' Tears (#29 in the U.K.), Greetings to the New Brunette (#58 in the U.K.). Anita Baker (1958-), Rapture (album #2) (Mar.) (8M copies, incl. 5M in the U.S.); incl. Sweet Love (#8 in the U.S., #13 in the U.K.), Caught Up in the Rapture (#37 in the U.S., #51 in the U.K.), Same Ole Love (365 Days a Year) (#44 in the U.S., #100 in the U.K.), No One in the World (#44 in the U.S.). Bananarama, True Confessions (album #3) (July); incl. Venus (#1 in the U.S.). The Bangles, Different Light (album) (Jan.); incl. bassist Michael Steele; incl. Manic Monday (written by Prince under the alias Christopher), Walk Like an Egyptian. Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) and the Banshees, Tinderbox (album #7) (Apr. 21); first with guitarist John Valentine Carruthers; incl. Cities in Dust, Candyman. Berlin, Count Three & Pray (album #4) (Oct. 13) (#61 in the U.S., #32 in the U.K.); incl. Take My Breath Away (used in "Top Gun"). New Kids on the Block (NKOTB), New Kids on the Block (album) (debut) (Apr. 1) (#25 in the U.S.); incl. Be My Girl; from Boston, Mass.; formed by producer Maurice "the General" Starr (1953-), incl. Jordan Knight (1970-) and his brother Jonathan Knight (1968-), Joseph Mulrey "Joey" McIntyre (1972-), Donald Edmond "Donnie" Wahlberg Jr. (1969-), andDaniel William "Danny" Wood Jr. (1969-); they go on to sell 70M albums before disbanding in 1994, then reunite in 2007. The Moody Blues, The Other Side of Life (album #12) (Apr. 9); first sans flautist Ray Thomas and with a synthesizer sound; incl. Your Wildest Dreams. Boston, Third Stage (album #3) (Sept. 23) (#1 in the U.S.): first album since 1978; first CD album to go gold, and first to go gold in both CD and LP formats; incl. Amanda (#1 in the U.S.), We're Ready (#9 in the U.S.); next album in 1994. David Bowie (1947-2016), Labyrinth Soundtrack (album) (June 23); incl. As the World Falls Down, Underground; Absolute Beginners Theme. Beastie Boys, Licensed to Ill (album) (debut) (Nov. 15) (#1 in the U.S.); from New York City, incl. Michael "Mike D" Diamond (1966-), Adam Nathanial "MCA" Yauch (1964-), and Adam Keefe "Ad-Rock" Horovitz (1966-); best-selling rap/hip hop album of the decade, first to go #1 on Billboard; one of the first groups to call themselves "gangsters" and focus on the fun things like violence, empty sex and drug abuse?; incl. (You Gottta) Fight for Your Right (to Party), Girls. Pet Shop Boys, Please (album) (debut) (Mar. 24); title is a trick question?; sells 3M copies; incl. West End Girls, Love Comes Quickly (Feb. 24), Opportunities (Let's Make Lots of Money), Suburbia, Disco (album) (Nov. 17). Bobby Brown (1969-), King of Stage (album) (debut) (Dec. 11); incl. Girlfriend, Girl Next Door. Jackson Browne (1948-), Lives in the Balance (album #8) (Feb. 18); incl. For America, In the Shape of a Heart. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Floridays (album #16) (June). Chris de Burgh (1948-), Into the Light (album #7); incl. The Lady in Red, For Rosanna. Kate Bush (1958-), The Whole Story (album #6); incl. Experiment IV. Kate Bush (1958-) and Peter Gabriel (1950-), Don't Give Up. Kim Carnes (1945-), Lighthouse (album #10). The Carpenters, Honolulu City Lights (by Keola Beamer). Peter Cetera (1944-), Solitude/Solitaire (album #2) (June); incl. Glory of Love (from the film "The Karate Kid Part II"), The Next Time I Fall (w/Amy Grant). Ray Charles (1930-2004) and Billy Joel (1949-), Baby Grand. Chicago, Chicago 18 (album) (Sept.); incl. Will You Still Love Me?; If She Would Have Been Faithful. Metal Church, The Dark (album #2) (Oct. 6); incl. Watch the Children Play. Bad Company, Fame and Fortune (album #7) (Oct.); first with Brian Howe replacing Paul Rodgers as lead vocalist. Chumbawamba, Pictures of Starving Children Sell Records (album) (debut); a criticism of Live Aid; starts out with the sound of Danbert Nobacon vomiting into a toilet; from Burnley, England, incl. Allan "Boff" Whalley, Danbert Nobacon (Nigel Hunter), Midge, Tomi, and Lou Watts; incl. How to Get Your Band on Television. Wang Chung, Mosaic (album #4) (Oct. 14) (#41 in the U.S.); incl. Everybody Have Fun Tonight (#2 in the U.S.), Let's Go! (#9 in the U.S.), Hypnotize Me (#36 in the U.S.). Cinderella, Night Songs (album) (debut) (Aug. 2) (#3 in the U.S.) (3M copies); from Philly, incl. Carl Thomas "Tom" Keifer (1961-) (vocals), Eric Brittingham (1960-) (bass), Jeffrey Philip "Jeff" LaBar (1963-) (guitar), and Fred Coury (1966-) (drums); incl. Nobody's Fool (#13 in the U.S.), Somebody Save Me (#66 in the U.S.); sales are boosted by having an opening slot on Bon Jovi's tour since they share the same record label Mercury Records. Joe Cocker (1944-2014), Cocker (album #10) (Feb. 25). Alice Cooper (1948-), Constrictor (album #16) (Sept. 22); incl. Teenage Frankenstein. He's Back (The Man Behind the Mask) (both from "Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives"). Elvis Costello (1954-) and the Attractions, King of America (album #10) (Feb. 21); incl. Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood; Blood and Chocolate (album #11) (Sept. 15); he breaks up with his group for the next 8 years. The Cramps, A Date with Elvis (album); incl. Can Your Pussy Do the Dog? Robert Cray (1953-), Strong Persuader (album #5) (Nov. 17) (2M copies); his breakthrough album; incl. Smoking Gun, I Guess I Showed Her, Right Next Door (Because of Me). Culture Club, From Luxury to Heartache (album #4) (Apr.); in July after announcing his heroin addiction Boy George is arrested by British pigs for possession of marijuana, and several days later keyboardist Michael Rudetsky dies of a heroin OD in George's home, causing the band to disband until 1999; incl. Move Away, God Thank You Woman, Sexuality, Gusto Blusto. The Damned, Anything (album #7) (Dec. 5); incl. Alone Again Or, In Dulce Decorum; next album in 1995. Edison Denisov (1929-96), The Foam of Days (L'Ecume des Jours) (opera) (Mar. 15) (Opéra-Comique, Paris); libretto by Boris Vian; first modern Russian opera written in French and on a French subject? John Denver (1943-97), One World (album) (June); incl. One World, Let Us Begin (What Are We Making Weapons For?) (in memory of the Siege of Leningrad). Devo, Shout (album #6) (Oct. 9); a flop; incl. Are U Experienced? Dennis DeYoung (1947-), Back to the World (album #2); incl. Call Me. Tangerine Dream, Legend Soundtrack (album); incl. Is Your Love Strong Enough (w/Bryan Ferry), Opening, Cottage, Unicorn, Loved by the Sun (w/Jon Anderson), Blue Room, The Dance, Darkness, The Kitchen (Unicorn Theme Reprise). Husker Du, Candy Apple Grey (album #5) (Mar.); first with Warner Bros.; incl. Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely, Sorry Somehow. Duran Duran, Notorious (album #4) (Nov. 18); incl. Notorious, Skin Trade. Bob Dylan (1941-), Knocked Out Loaded (album #24) (July 14); incl. Brownsville Girl. Duane Eddy (1938-), Peter Gunn (by Henry Mancini) (#50 in the U.K.) (#8 in the U.K.); makes Eddy the first (only) instrumentalist to have top-10 U.K. singles in four different decades. Modern English, Stop Start (album #4). Europe, The Final Countdown (album #3) (May 26) (#8 in the U.S.); sells 3M copies; incl. The Final Countdown, Love Chaser, Rock the Night, Carrie, Cherokee. Eurythmics, Revenge (album #6) (July); incl. The Miracle of Love, Missionary Man, Thorn in My Side, When Tomorrow Comes. Marianne Faithfull (1946-), Strange Weather (album). Violent Femmes, The Blind Leading the Naked (album #3); incl. Children of the Revolution. Fishbone, In Your Face (album) (debut) (Nov. 30); incl. When Problems Arise; from LA, incl.Angelo Moore (sax, vocals), Walter A. Kibby II (trumpet, vocals), Kendall Jones (guitar), Chris Dowd (keyboards), John Norwood Fisher (bass), and Philip "Fish" Fisher (drums). Samantha Fox (1966-), Touch Me (I Want Your Body) (debut) (#4 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.). Peter Frampton (1950-), Premonition (album #9) (Jan. 13). Psychedelic Furs, Midnight to Midnight (album); incl. Pretty in Pink, Heartbreak Beat. Kenny G (1956-), Duotones (album #4) (Sept.) (#5 in the U.S.) (#1 jazz); his breakthrough album; sells 5M copies; incl. Songbird, Don't Make Me Wait for Love (w/Lenny Williams), What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) (w/Ellis Hall), Sade. Kool and the Gang, Forever (album #19) (Nov. 3); incl. Victory (#10 in the U.S.), Stone Love (#10 in the U.S.). Genesis, Invisible Touch (album #13) (June 9) (#3 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (15M copies); incl. Invisible Touch (#1 in the U.S., #15 in the U.K.), Throwing It All Away (#4 in the U.S., #22 in the U.K.), Land of Confusion (#4 in the U.S., #14 in the U.K.), Tonight, Tonight, Tonight (#3 in the U.S., #18 in the U.K.), Domino. Debbie Gibson (1970-), Only in My Dreams (Dec.) (debut). Everything But the Girl, Baby the Stars Shine Bright (album #3) (Aug.); incl. Come On Home, Don't Leave Me Behind. Nina Hagen (1955-) and Lene Lovich (1949-), Don't Kill. Van Halen, 5150 (album #7) (Mar. 24); 1st with Samuel Roy "Sammy" Hagar (1947-) on vocals; incl. Best of Both Worlds, Dreams, Love Walks In, Why Can't This Be Love, Summer Nights. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Round Midnight Soundtrack (album). Talking Heads, True Stories Soundtrack (album #7) (Oct. 7) (#7 in the U.K.); incl. Wild Wild Life (#43 in the U.K.). Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Liverpool (album #2) (Oct. 20); incl. Maximum Joy, Warriors of the Wasteland. Crowded House, Crowded House (album) (debut) (June) (#12 in the U.S., #99 in the U.K.); Cornelius Mullane "Neil" Finn (1958-), Nicholas More "Nick" Seymour (1958-) (bass), Mark Hart (1953-) (guitar), Paul Newell Hester (1959-2005) (drums); incl. Don't Dream It's Over (#2 in the U.S.) (used in Stephen King's TV movie "The Stand"), Something So Strong (#7 in the U.S.), World Where You Live, Now We're Getting Somewhere; the house they rented in LA during the album's production was what? Billy Idol (1955-), Whiplash Smile (album #3) (Sept.); incl. To Be a Lover, Sweet Sixteen, Don't Need a Gun. Public Image Ltd., Album (Compact Disc) (Cassette) (album #5) (Feb. 3); incl. Rise. Janet Jackson (1966-), Control (album #3) (Feb. 6) (#1 in the U.S.) (14M copies); incl. Control, Nasty, What Have You Done for Me Lately, When I Think of You, Let's Wait Awhile. Millie Jackson (1944-), An Imitation of Love (album #18). Rick James (1948-2004), The Flag (album #10). Flotsam and Jetsam, Doomsday for the Deceiver (album) (debut); thrash metal band from Phoenix, Ariz., incl. Kelly David-Smith (drums, vocals), Edward Carlson (guitar, vocals), Eric A.K. (vocals), Jason Newsted (bass), Michael Gilbert (guitars); incl. Doomsday for the Deceiver, Desecrator. Joan Jett (1958-), Good Music (album #5); incl. Roadrunner. Billy Joel (1949-), The Bridge (album #10) (July); incl. A Matter of Trust, This Is the Time, Modern Woman (from the film "Ruthless People"), Code of Silence (co-written by Cyndi Lauper). Elton John (1947-), Leather Jackets (album #20) (Nov.); his biggest flop; incl. Leather Jackets. Grace Jones (1948-), Inside Story (album #8) (Nov. 14); incl. I'm Not Perfect (But I'm Perfect for You), Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician, Crush, Party Girl. Journey, Raised on Radio (album #9) (May 27); Randall Darius "Randy" Jackson (1956-) (bass) and Larrie Londin (1943-) (drums) fill in for fired players Ross Valory and Steve Smith, who get pissed-off at changing the album title from "Freedom"; sells 2M copies; incl. Girl Can't Help It, Be Good to Yourself, I'll Be Alright Without You, Suzanne. Bon Jovi, Slippery When Wet (album) (Aug.); their first big hit; sells 26M copies; incl. You Give Love a Bad Name, Livin' On a Prayer, Wanted Dead or Alive. Kansas, Power (album #10) (Nov.); incl. All I Wanted. Chaka Khan (1953-), Destiny (album #6) (June 14) (#67 in the U.S., #77 in the U.K.); incl. I Feel for You (#53 in the U.S., #52 in the U.K.). Greg Kihn Band, Love and Rock & Roll (album #9); incl. Love and Rock & Roll. The Kinks, Think Visual (album #21) (Nov. 17). Kraftwerk, Electric Cafe (Techno Pop) (album #9) (Oct. 16); incl. Techno Pop, The Telephone Call. . Laibach, Baptism (album #3). Cyndi Lauper (1953-), True Colors (album #2) (Sept. 27); incl. True Colors, Change of Heart, What's Going On, Boy Blue. Murphy's Law Murphy's Law (album #2); incl. California Pipeline. The Human League, Crash (album #5) (Sept.); incl. Human (#1 in the U.S.). Julian Lennon (1963-), The Secret Value of Daydreaming (album #2) (Mar.) (#32 in the U.S.) (500K copies); incl. Stick Around, This Is My Day. Huey Lewis (1950-) and the News, Fore! (album #4) (Sept. 20) (#1 in the U.S.); cover features a wall from his alma mater Tamalpais H.S. in Mill Valley, Calif.; incl. The Power of Love (from "Back to the Future"), Stuck with You, Hip to Be Square, Jacob's Ladder. The Flaming Lips, Hear It Is (album) (debut); from Norman, Okla., incl. Mark Coyne (1962-) (vocals), Wayne Coyne (1961-), Michael Lee Ivins (bass) (1963-), and Richard English (drums). Meat Loaf (1947-2022), Blind Before I Stop (album) (Sept.); first without Steinman sound; incl. Blind Before I Stop, Special Girl, Rock 'n' Roll Mercenaries (with John Parr). Patty Loveless (1957-), Patty Loveless (album) (debut) (Oct. 1); incl. Lonely Days, Lonely Nights. Loverboy, Heaven in Your Eyes; featured in the 1986 film "Top Gun". Lyle Lovett (1957-), Lyle Lovett (album) (debut) (#14 country); incl. Cowboy Man (#10 country). Madonna (1958-), True Blue (album #3) (June 30) (24M copies); her Marilyn Monroe phase; incl. True Blue, Live to Tell, Papa Don't Preach, Open Your Heart, La Isla Bonita. Iron Maiden, Somewhere in Time (album #6) (Sept. 29); incl. Wasted Years, Stranger in a Strange Land. Yngwie Malmsteen (1963-), Trilogy (album #3) (Nov. 4); (#44 in the U.S.); incl. You Don't Remember, I'll Never Forget, Crying. Paul McCartney (1942-), Spies Like Us (#7 in the U.S.) (last U.S. top-10 until ?). Press to Play (album #6) (Sept. 1) (#30 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.); incl. Press, Only Love Remains, Stranglehold, Pretty Little Head. Reba McEntire (1955-), Whoever's in New England (album #10) (Feb.) (first #1); incl. Whoever's in New England, Little Rock; Reba Nell McEntire (album #11) (Mar. 12); What Am I Gonna Do About You (album #12); incl. What Am I Gonna Do About You, One Promise Too Late. Megadeth, Peace Sells... But Who's Buying? (album #2) (Nov.) (#76 in the U.S.); last with Gar Samuelson; incl. Peace Sells, Wake Up Dead. Metallica, Master of Puppets (album #3) (Mar. 3); first thrash metal album in the U.S. top 40 (#29); sells 6M copies; feedback-loving bassist Cliff Burton (b. 1962) is killed in a tour bush crash in Sweden on Sept. 27; incl. Master of Puppets, Battery, Welcome Home (Sanitarium). The Dead Milkmen, Eat Your Paisley (album #2); incl. The Thing That Only Eats Hippies, Beach Party Vietnam, KKSuck2. Steve Miller Band, Living in the 20th Century (album) (Oct.); incl. Living in the 20th Century. Depeche Mode, Black Celebration (album #5) (Mar. 17); incl. Stripped, A Question of Lust, A Question of Time, But Not Tonight. Eddie Money (1949-), Can't Hold Back (album); incl. Take Me Home Tonight (w/Ronnie Spector). Van Morrison (1945-), No Guru, No Method, No Teacher (album #16) (July); incl. Ivory Tower. Motorhead, Orgasmatron (album #7) (Aug. 9) (#21 in the U.K.); original title "Ridin' with the Driver"; incl. Orgasmatron, Deaf Forever, Claw. Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Tonight We Ride (album #12); first on Warner Bros. Records; incl. Tonight We Ride. Anne Murray (1945-), Now and Forever (You and Me) (#1 in the U.S.). Graham Nash (1942-), Innocent Eyes (album #4) (Mar. 27); incl. See You in Prague. Willie Nelson (1933-), The Promised Land (album) (Mar. 10); incl. Living in the Promised Land. Robbie Nevil (1958-), Robbie Nevil (album) (debut); incl. C'est la Vie (#2 in the U.S.), Wot's It To Ya (#10 in the U.S.), Dominoes (#14 in the U.S.). Luigi Nono (1924-90), Caminantes... Ayachucho (1986-7); inspired by a poverty-stricken region of S Peru. Gary Numan (1958-), Strange Charm (album #8) (Nov.). Billy Ocean (1950-), Love Zone (album #6); incl. Love Zone, There'll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry), When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going (from the 1985 film "The Jewel of the Nile"). Midnight Oil, Diesel and Dust (album #8) (Aug.); incl. The Dead Heart, Dreamworld, Beds Are Burning ("How can we dance when our Earth is turning?/ How do we sleep while our beds are burning?"), Put Down That Weapon. OMD, The Pacific Age (album #7) (Sept. 29); incl. (Forever) Live and Die, Shame. Ric Ocasek (1949-), This Side of Paradise (album #2) (Sept. 15); incl. Emotion in Motion (#1 in the U.S.). New Order, Brotherhood (album #4) (Sept. 29) (#161 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.); incl. Bizarre Love Triangle (used in the 1988 film "Married to the Mob"); Shellshock (used in the 1986 film "Pretty in Pink"). Ozzy Osbourne (1948-), The Ultimate Sin (album) (Feb. 22); incl. The Ultimate Sin. Salt-N-Pepa, Hot, Cool & Vicious (album) (debut) (Dec. 8); all-female rap group from Queens, N.Y., incl. Cheryl "Salt" James (Wray) (1964-) (the shorter one) and Sandra "Pepa" Denton (1964-), plus DJ Deidra "Dee Dee" Roper (AKA Spinderella) (1971-); incl. Push It (#19 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.), My Mic Sound Nice, Tramp. George Perle (1915-2009), Wind Quintet IV (Pulitzer Prize). Peter and the Test Tube Babies, Soberphobia (album #5); incl. Boozanza. The Pogues, Poguetry in Motion (album #3); incl. Rainy Night in Soho. Pointer Sisters, Hot Together (album #12) (Nov.); incl. Goldmine (#33 in the U.S.). Poison, Look What the Cat Dragged In (album) (debut) (Aug. 2); launches the glam-rock hair-band era, with lots of hair spray, makeup and spandex, which began in LA; from Mechanicsburg, Penn., incl. Bret Michaels (Bret Michael Sychak) (1963-) (vocals), C.C. DeVille (Bruce Anthony Johannesson) (1962-) (guitar), Rikki Rockett (Richard Allan Ream) (1961-) (drums), Bobby Dall (Robert Harry Kuykendall) (1963-) (bass); incl. Talk Dirty to Me, I Won't Forget You, Cry Tough. Iggy Pop (1947-), Blah Blah Blah (album) (Oct. 23); his biggest success; incl. Real Wild Child (Wild One). Possessed, Beyond the Gates (album #2) (Oct. 31). The Pretenders, Get Close (album #4) (Nov. 4); incl. Don't Get Me Wrong, My Baby. Billy Preston (1946-2006), You Can't Keep a Good Man Down (album #17). Judas Priest, Turbo (album #10) (Apr. 14); incl. Turbo Lover. Prince (1958-2016) and The Revolution, Parade (album) (Mar. 31); from the film "Under the Cherry Moon"; incl. Kiss, Girls & Boys, Mountains. Skinny Puppy, The Perpetual Intercourse (album #2) (Sept. 5); has a cover with a photo of a porno showing on a hotel TV in New York City, pissing-off Al Gore's wife Tipper Gore; incl. Dig It (inspires Nine Inch Nails), Stairs and Flowers, Chainsaw. Queen, A Kind of Magic (album #12) (June 2); from the film "Highlander"; incl. A Kind of Magic, One Vision, Princes of the Universe, Who Wants to Live Forever, Queen - Live at Wembley Stadium (album). Queensryche, Rage for Order (album #3) (June 27) (#47 in the U.S., #66 in the U.K.); incl. Gonna Get Close to You (#91 in the U.K.). Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), Rabbitt Tax (album #10) (Mar. 24); incl. Both to Each Other (Friends and Lovers) (w/Juice Newton). Rainbow, Finyl Vinyl (album) (Mar.). Bonnie Raitt (1949-), Nine Lives (album #9); incl. No Way to Treat a Lady. The Ramones, Animal Boy (album #9) (May); incl. songs from the film "Sid and Nancy", incl. My Brain is Hanging Upside Down (Bonzo Goes to Bitburg), Somebody Put Something in My Drink, Something to Believe In, Love Kills (ode to Sid Vicious). Ratt, Dancing Undercover (album #3) (Aug. 9); incl. Dance, Body Talk (used in the Eddie Murphy film "The Golden Child"), and Slip of the Lip. Lou Reed (1942-), Mistrial (album #14); incl. Mistrial. R.E.M., Lifes Rich Pageant (album #4) (July 28); incl. Superman, Begin the Begin, Fall on Me, Cuyahoga. Lionel Richie (1949-), Dancing on the Ceiling (album #3) (July 15) (#2 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.) (original title "Say You, Say Me"); incl. Dancing on the Ceiling (#20 in the U.S.), Love Will Conquer All (#9 in the U.S., #45 in the U.K.), Ballerina Girl (#7 in the U.S., #17 in the U.K.), Say You, Say Me, Se La. Quiet Riot, QR III (album #5) (July) (#32 in the U.S.). Love and Rockets, Express (album #2) (Sept. 15) (#72 in the U.S.); incl. All in My Mind, Yin and Yang (The Flowerpot Man). David Lee Roth (1955-), Eat 'Em and Smile (album) (solo debut); Steve Vai (1960-) (guitar), Billy Sheehan (bass), and Gregg Bissonette (drums); launches metal arena rock; incl. Goin' Crazy, Yankee Rose, Tobacco Road. Roxette, Pearls of Passion (album) (debut) (Oct. 31); from Sweden, incl. Marie (Gun-Marie) Fredriksson (1958-) and Per Hakan Gessle (1959). Run-D.M.C., Raising Hell (album #3) (July 18) (#3 in the U.S.); first hit album by a rap group; incl. Walk This Way (with Aerosmith) (#5 in the U.S.) (first top-5 rap song), My Adidas. New Riders of the Purple Sage, Before Time Began (album #11). Joe Satriani (1956-), Not Of This Earth (album) (debut); incl. Rubina. A Flock of Seagulls, Dream Come True (album #4); next album in 1995. Bob Seger (1945-) and the Silver Bullet Band, Like a Rock (album #13) (Apr.) (#3 in the U.S.) (3M copies); incl. American Storm (#13 in the U.S.), Like a Rock (#12 in the U.S.) (used in Chevy truck commercials through the early 2000s). Selena (1971-95), Alpha (album #3) (June 11); incl. Dame Un Beso; Munequito de Trapo (album #4) (June 29); incl. A Million to One. Sandie Shaw (1947-), Are You Ready to Be Heartbroken?; Frederick. Nu Shooz, Poolside (album #3) (May 5) (#27 in the U.S., #32 in the U.K.) (500K copies); from Portland, Ore. incl. John Smith and Valerie Day; incl. I Can't Wait (#3 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.), and Point of No Return (#28 in the U.S., #48 in the U.K.). Paul Simon (1941-), Graceland (album #7) (Aug. 12) (#3 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); combines Cajun with South African, incl. Graceland, You Can Call Me Al. Slayer, Reign in Blood (album #3) (Oct. 7) (#94 in the U.S.); brings them to mainstream attention; incl. Angel of Death (about Josef Mengele), Raining Blood. Sister Sledge, Sisters (album #6). The Smithereens, Especially for You (album); incl. Blood and Roses (theme song of the 1986 film "Dangerously Close"). The Smiths, The Queen Is Dead (album #3) (June 16) (#70 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); cover features Alain Delon from the 1964 film "L'Insoumis"; incl. The Queen Is Dead, Bigmouth Strikes Again, Some Girls Are Bigger Than Others, There Is a Light That Never Goes Out. REO Speedwagon, Life As We Know It (album #2) (Feb.) (last top-40 album); incl. That Ain't Love, In My Dreams, Variety Tonight. Five Star, Rain or Shine. Status Quo, In the Army Now (album #17) (Aug.); incl. In the Army Now. Rod Stewart (1945-), Every Beat of My Heart (Rod Stewart) (album #14) (June 23); incl. Every Beat of My Heart, Love Touch, Another Heartbreak, In My Life. Rolling Stones, Dirty Work (album #20) (Mar. 24); one of their worse, when Mick Jagger and Keith Richards are not getting along too famously; incl. One Hit (To the Body), Harlem Shuffle, Sleep Tonight (played by Ian Stewart, who dies after recording it). Survivor, When Seconds Count (album #6) (#49 in the U.S.); incl. Is This Love (#9 in the U.S.). Swans, Greed (album #5); Holy Money (album #7). Talk Talk, The Colour of Spring (album #3) (Mar.) (#58 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.); incl. Life's What You Make It. They Might Be Giants, They Might Be Giants (The Pink Album) (album) (debut) (Nov. 4); from Brooklyn, N.Y., incl. John Conant "Flansy"Flansburg (1960-) and John Sidney Linnell (1959-); incl. Don't Let's Start, (She Was A) Hotel Detective. George Thorogood (1950-), and the Destroyers, Live (album). 'Til Tuesday, Welcome Home (album #2) (#49 in the U.S.); incl. What About Love (#26 in the U.S.). Timbuk3, Greetings from Timbuk 3 (album) (debut); from Madison, Wisc., incl. marrieds Pat MacDonald (1952-) and Barbara K. MacDonald (1958-), plus a beat box; incl. Life Is Hard, The Future's So Bright (I Gotta Wear Shades) (#19 in the U.S., #21 in the U.K.) ("I started nuclear science, I love my classes, I got a crazy teacher, he wears dark glasses"). Four Tops, Hot Nights (album). Toto, Fahrenheit (album #6) (Aug.); incl. I'll Be Over You, Without Your Love, Till the End (video features Paula Abdul). Cheap Trick, The Doctor (album #9) (Nov.); incl. It's Only Love. Tina Turner (1939-), Break Every Rule (album #6) (Sept.) (#4 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.) (12M copies); incl. Break Every Rule, Typical Male, What You Get is What You See (w/Eric Clapton on guitar), Two People (w/Phil Collins on drums), Girls (by David Bowie), Paradise is Here, Afterglow. Bonnie Tyler (1951-), Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire (album #6) (#24 in the U.K.). Stevie Ray Vaughan (1954-90) and Double Trouble, Live Alive (album) (Nov. 15). Katrina and the Waves, Waves (album #4) (#25 in the U.S., #70 in the U.K.); incl. Is That It? (#70 in the U.S., #82 in the U.K.), Sun Street. Great White, Shot in the Dark (album #2) (#123 in the U.S.); incl. Shot in the Dark, She Shakes Me, Run Away. Steve Winwood (1948-), Back in the High LIfe (album #4) (July) (#3 in the U.S.) (5M copies); incl. Back in the High Life Again (w/James Taylor) (#13 in the U.S.), Higher Love (w/Chaka Khan) (#1 in the U.S.), The Finer Things (#8 in the U.S.), Freedom Overspill (#20 in the U.S.). XTC, Skylarking (album #8) (Oct. 27) (#70 in the U.S., #90 in the U.K.); incl. Grass, and Dear God. Dwight Yoakam (1956-), Guitars, Cadillacs, Etc., Etc. (album) (debut) (Aug. 19) (#1 country); incl. Honky Tonk Man (#3) (written by Johnny Horton in 1956), Guitars, Cadillacs (#4), It Won't Hurt (#1). Neil Young (1945-), Landing on Water (album) (July 28); incl. Weight of the World. Paul Young (1956-), Between Two Fires (album #3) (Oct. 20) (#77 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.) (300K copies); incl. Wonderland (#24 in the U.K.). Frank Zappa (1940-93), Does Humor Belong in Music? (album) (Jan. 27); first Zappa album on CD only; The Old Masters: Box Two (album) (Nov.); Jazz from Hell (album) (Nov. 15); incl. G-Spot Tornado. Movies: Adrian Lyne's 9-1/2 Weeks (Feb. 21), based on the Elizabeth McNeill novel stars Mickey Rourke and Kim Basinger as Wall St. investor John Grey and SoHo art gallery employeee Elizabeth McGraw, who get into kinky S&M for guess how long; after flopping with critics and doing only $7M box office, it becomes a cult favorite on video, causing two sequels to be released. Edward Zick's About Last Night (July 2) (original title "Sexual Perversity in Chicago"), based on the David Mamet play stars Rob Lowe and Demi Moore as young lovers, and Elizabeth Perkins and James Belushi as their friends, exploring sex before the AIDS crisis. James Cameron's Aliens (July 18) (Brandywine Productions) (20th Cent. Fox), a sequel to the 1979 hit "Alien" set 57 years later stars Sigourney Weaver as manly woman Ellen Ripley, who leads a hunter-killer mission to planet LV-426, where they find lone human survivor Rebecca "Newt" Jorden (Carrie Henn), and are then wiped-out by the mean aliens; Michael Biehn plays Cpl. Dwayne Hicks after James Remar leaves during filming; Lance Henriksen plays the android Bishop; Paul Reiser plays company man Carter Burke, who tries to sabotage the mission so he can bring a live specimen back, the dope?; Jenette Goldstein plays manly woman Pvt. Vasquez. Don Bluth's An American Tail (Nov. 21) is an animated flick about a Russian immigrant mouse in the U.S., featuring Nehemiah Persoff as Papa Mousekewitz. Albert Magnoli's American Anthem (June 27) stars Olympic gymnast Mitch Gaylord as Olympic gymnast Steve Tevere, a real stretch? David Lynch's Blue Velvet (Sept. 12) (Dino De Laurentiis) is a weird Lynchian twilight zone flick with an Angelo Badalamenti soundtrack, starring Kyle MachLachlan as Jeffrey Beaumont, who returns from Oak Lake College to his logging hometown of Lumberton, N.C. and finds a severed ear, suspecting Dorothy Vallens (Isabella Rosselini), who sings Bobby Vinton's 1963 hit song you know what at a nightclub; George Dickerson plays detective John Williams, and Laura Dern his daughter Sandy, who hooks up with Jeffrey; Dennis Hopper plays unusually sadistic sexual nutcase Frank Booth, who swears by Pabst Blue Ribbon; Dean Stockwell plays Dorothy's husband Ben; Fred Pickler plays the Yellow Man AKA Det. Tom Gordon; "Do it for van Gogh"; does $8.6M box office on a $6M budget; initially panned by critics, they later call it one of the best films of all time, and it becomes a cult hit. Derek Jarman's Caravaggio (Aug. 29), produced by Sarah Radclyffe stars Nigel Terry as Italian Baroque painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, who starts out a teenie street ruffian until rich Cardinal Del Monte (Michael Gough) adopts him and turns him bi, later starting a 3-way with gay bud Ranuccio, played by Sheffield-born Sean (Shaun Mark) Bean (1959-) in his film debut, and his babe Lena, played by London-born Katherine Matilda "Tilda" Swinton (1960-) in her film debut; Robbie Coltrane plays Scipione Borghese; to be more artsy-fartsy, the 16th cent. historical drama incl. electric lights and calculators, a truck, motorbike, car horns, and manual typewriter. Randa Haines' Children of a Lesser God (Oct. 3) (Paramount Pictues)), based on the 1980 play by Mark Medoff stars Marlee Matlin (film debut) as deaf custodian Sarah Norman, and William Hurt as hearing speech teacher James Leeds at a school for the deaf in New England, who hook up; title comes from Alfred Lord Tennyson's "Idylls of the King", ch. 12: "As if some lesser god had made the world"; does $31.8M box office on a $2M budget. 1986 Alan Shapiro's The Christmas Star (Dec. 14) (Lake Walloon Productions) (Walt Disney Pictures) stars Edward Asner as con man Horace McNickle, who escapes from jail wearing a Santa Claus suit and tries to search for his stashed loot, only to be taken for the real Santa by two cute irresistible girls, creating an inner conflict, all the while being pursued by Det. Waters (Fred Gwynne); "Start checking all the chimneys"; Martin Scorsese's The Color of Money (Oct. 17), a sequel to "The Hustler" (1961) written by Richard Price based on the 1984 novel by Walter Tevis stars Paul Newman as Fast Eddie Felson, who teaches cocky Vincent Lauria (Tom Cruise) the ropes of pool hustling, but he keeps blowing it by showing off, causing Felson to make a comeback; finally wins Newman a best actor Oscar; makes a star of actress Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio (1958-), who plays Carmen, and Russian-born custom pool cue maker George (Grigory) Balabushka (1912-75). Bruce Beresford's Crimes of the Heart (Dec. 12), based on the 1980 Beth Henley play stars Jessica Lange, Sissy Spacek, and Diane Keaton as Meg Magrath, Babe Magrath Botrelle, and Lenny Magrath, and Sam Shepard as Doc Porter. Stephen Herek's Critters (Apr. 11) (New Line Cinema) is a sci-fi comedy horror film starring Dee Wallace-Stone, M. Emmet Walsh, Billy Green Bush, and Scott Grimes as the Brown family, who are visited by the escaped prisoner Crites from outer space, who like to roll up into balls and eat people; Herek's dir. debut; does $13.2M box office on a $2M budget; spawns sequels "Critters 2: The Main Course" (1988), "Critters 3" (1991), "Critters 4" (1992), and "Critters: Bounty Hunter" (2014). Peter Faiman's Crocodile Dundee (Sept. 26) makes Aussie rooster Paul Hogan (1939-) an American star as Daniel Boone of the outback Michael J. "Mike" "Crocodile" Dundee, who visits New York City and woos high class reporter Sue Charlton (Linda Kozlowski) while pulling foot-long Bowie knives on street hoods; "The Wizard of Auz hits the Big Apple"; Hogan and Kozlowski marry in 1990. Marvin J. Chomsky's The Deliberate Stranger (May 4) stars sexiest man alive Mark Harmon as serial killer Ted Bundy, who uses his charisma to charm and chill and jump out of a Colo. courtroom window in a TV movie based on a book by Richard W. Larsen. Steve Miner's House (New World Pictures) (Feb. 28) stars William Katt as horror writer and Vietnam vet Richard Cobb (William Katt), who inherits a haunted house where the bathroom medicine cabinet is a door into the other world, allowing him to rescue his missing son Jimmy (Erik and Mark Silver) while fighting off madass Vietnam War war buddy Big Ben (Richard Moll); "This is a house where no one should live. Roger Cobb has come here alone, but no one is ever alone in the house. This house knows everything about you. It has been waiting for him. Now it wants you, has found a hew home. House, enter at your own risk"; "You are cordially invited to spend an evening with Roger Cobb and his friends. Don't come alone!"; does $22.2M box office on a $3M budget; followed by "House II: The Second Story" (1987), "House III: The Horror Show" (1989), and "House IV: The Repossession" (1992). Marco Bellocchio's Il Diavolo in Corpo, based on the 1923 Raymond Radiguet novel "Le Diable au Corps", about a high school student hooking up with a married woman becomes one of the first mainstream films to show real sex, incl. a beejay; released in the U.S. on May 22, 1987. Jim Jarmusch's B&W Down by Law (Oct. 30) is about three convicts in a New Orleans jail, Zack (Tom Waits), Jack (John Lurie), and Roberto (Roberto Benigni), and their big escape. Glenn Jordan's Dress Gray (Mar. 9), based on the 1977 novel by Lucian Truscott IV about a coverup of a homophobic murder at West Point stars Alec Baldwin and Jason Beghe. Robert M. Young's Extremities, based on the 1982 William Mastrosimone play stars Farrah Fawcett, James Russo as would-be rapist Joe, Alfred Woodard and Diana Scarwid as roommates Pat and Terry. John Hughes' Ferris Bueller's Day Off (June 11) (Paramount Pictures) stars Matthew Broderick as cool cocky hooky-loving 4th wall-breaking Chicago area h.s. senior Ferris Bueller, Cindy Pickett and Lyman Ward as his doting parents, Jennifer Grey as his sister Jeanie, Mia Sara as his hooky-playing babe Sloane Peterson, Alan Ruck as his hooky-playing buddy Cameron Frye, Jeffrey Jones as paranoid principal Edward R. Rooney, and Edie McCloy as his secy. Grace; features the June 5, 1985 game between the Cubs and Braves, a visit to the Art Inst. of Chicago, and the Von Steuben Day Parade, where Broderick lip-syncs Wane Newton's "Danke Schoen" and the Beatles' "Twist and Shout"; features the technopop song Oh Yeah by the Swiss band Yello; Pres. Bill Clinton's favorite movie after "High Noon"; does $70.1M box office on a $5.8M budget; "One man's struggle to take it easy"; "You're still here? It's over. Go home. Go." David Cronenberg's The Fly (Aug. 15) (20th Cent. Fox), a remake of the 1958 film stars Jeff Goldblum as mad scientist Seth Brundle, who mistakenly transmutes himself into Brundle-Fly while his equally long-legged babe Veronica "Ronnie" Quife (Geena Davis) freaks; does $60.6M box office on a $15M budget. Randal Kleiser's Flight of the Navigator (July 30) stars Joey Cramer as David Scott Freeman, a 12-y.-o. video game lover in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., who is transported eight years into the future on July 4, 1978 and ends up piloting a cool flying saucer; Paul Reubens plays Trimaxion/Max. Stuart Gordon's From Beyond, based on the H.P. Lovecraft story stars Ted Sorel as scientist Dr. Edward Pretorious, inventor of the Resonator, which increases extrasensory perception and enlarges the pineal gland, and Jeffrey Combs as his asst. Dr. Crawford Tillinghast, who bring forth creatures from another dimension that drag them into their world, returning them as shape-shifting monsters that eat human brains; "Humans are such easy prey." Ron Howard's Gung Ho (Mar. 14) stars Michael Keaton as Am. auto exec Hunt Stevenson, who must deal with the new Japanese owners. Woody Allen's Hannah and Her Sisters (Feb. 7) (Orion Pictures) (his best film?) begins and ends with Manhattan Thanksgiving parties two years apart, hosted by actress Hannah (Mia Farrow) and her husband Elliot (Michael Caine), who hooks up with her sister Lee (Barbara Hershey), who lives with old fart Frederick (Max von Sydow); Allen plays Hannah's neurotic hypochondriac TV exec ex-hubby Mickey Sachs, who hooks up with neurotic 3rd sister Holly (Dianne Wiest); Lloyd Nolan and Maureen O'Sullivan play Hannah's show biz parents Evan and Norma; does $59M box office on a $6.4M budget. Clint Eastwood's Heartbreak Ridge (Dec. 5) (Warner Bros.), written by James Carabatsos stars Eastwood as aging Marine Gunnery Sgt. Tom Highway, a Korean War Medal of Honor winner who trains recruits at a boot camp for the 1983 invasion of Grenada while courting his ex-wife Aggie (Marsha Mason) and fending off his cmdr. Maj. Malcolm A. Powers (Everett McGill); Mario Van Peebles plays versatile Cpl. Stitch Jones; Peter Koch (film debut) plays Sgt. Swede Johanson; does $121.7M box office on a $15M budget; 1000th film to be released in Dolby Stereo; "My name's Gunnery Sergeant Highway and I've drunk more beer and banged more quiff and pissed more blood and stomped more ass that all of you numbnuts put together"; "Drop your cocks and grab your socks. Off your ass and on your feet. Let's move. Knees to the breeze in 5 minutes"; "You improvise. You adapt. You overcome." Mike Nichols' Heartburn (July 25) (Paramount Pictures), based on the 1983 semi-autobio. novel by Nora Ephron about her 2nd marriage to Carl Bernstein and his affair with British PM James Callaghan's daughter Margaret Jay stars Jack Nicholson (who replaced Mandy Patinkin before filming began) as Washington, D.C. political columnist Mark Forman, and Meryl Streep as his New York City food writer wife Rachel Samstat, who catches him playing around and leaves him while pregnant, then gives him a second chance, only to find out he hasn't changed, leaving him for good; the film debut of South Orange, N.J.-born Kevin Spacey (Fowler) (1959-) as a street thug; the theme song is Coming Around Again by Carly Simon (#18 in the U.S.), along with Itsy Bitsy Spider; does $25M box office on a $15M budget. John McNaughton's Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer stars Michael Rooker (film debut) as Henry, and Tom Towles as Otis, based on real-life serial killer Henry Lee Lucas and Ottis Toole; given an X rating by the MPAA; does $609.9K box office on a $110K budget. David Anspaugh's Hoosiers (Nov. 14) (Orion Pictures), loosely based on the 1954 Milan H.S. team stars Gene Hackman as small town Hickory, Ind. h.s. basketball coach Norman Dale (based on Marvin Wood), who fights the players and the town to bring home the 1952 Ind. state championship; Maris Valainis plays star player Jimmy Chitwood (based on Bobby Plump); Barbara Hershey plays teacher Myra Fleener; Dennis Hooper plays basketball-loving drunk asst. coach Shooter Flatch; does $28.6M box office on a $6M budget. Steve Miner's House (Feb. 28) (New World Pictures) stars William Katt as horror writer and Vietnam vet Richard Cobb (William Katt), who inherits a haunted house where the bathroom medicine cabinet is a door into the other world, allowing him to rescue his missing son Jimmy (Erik and Mark Silver) while fighting off madass Vietnam War buddy Big Ben (Richard Moll); features cameos by George Wendt, Mindy Sterling, and Steven Williams; "This is a house where no one should live. Roger Cobb has come here alone, but no one is ever alone in the house. This house knows everything about you. It has been waiting for him. Now it wants you, has found a hew home. House, enter at your own risk"; "You are cordially invited to spend an evening with Roger Cobb and his friends. Don't come alone!"; does $22.2M box office on a $3M budget; followed by "House II: The Second Story" (1987), "House III: The Horror Show" (1989), and "House IV: The Repossession" (1992); Tobe Hooper's Invaders from Mars (June 6), a remake of the 1953 film brings in $5M on a $7M budget. Jim Henson's Labyrinth (June 27), produced by George Lucas stars David Bowie as Jareth, the evil Goblin King, and 15-y.-o. Jennifer Connelly as Sarah, who makes the mistake of wishing that goblins would abscond with her newborn brother, then gets half a day to solve his labyrinth before he keeps him; a must-see for 11-year-olds. Trevor Nunn's Lady Jane (Feb. 7) (Paramount Pictures) stars Islington, London-born Helena Bonham Carter (1966-) in her film debut as Lady Jane Grey, Cary Elwes as Lord Guildford Dudley, and Jane Lapotaire as Queen Mary; a flop, doing $277.6K box office on an $8.5M budget. Frank Oz's Little Shop of Horrors (Dec. 19) (The Geffen Co.) (Warner Bros.), based on the 1960 Roger Corman film and the 1982 musical by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman and filmed on the James Bond 007 stage at Pinewood Studios in England stars Rick Moranis as florist Seymour Krelborn, Ellen Green as his coworker babe Audrey, Vincent Gardenia as flower shop owner Mr. Mushnik, Steve Martin as Audrey's beau dentist Orin Scrivello, and Levi Stubbs as the voice of Audrey II; features cameos by Jim Belushi, John Candy, Christopher Guest, Bill Murray et al.; does $39M box office on a $25M budget, gaining a cult following. Nagisa Oshima's Max, Mon Amour (Oct. 22), co-witten by Jean-Claude Carriere is about a diplomat's wife (Charlotte Rampling) who has a menage a trois with a man and a chimp; "A love triangle of primate proportion". Neil Jordan's Mona Lisa (June 13) (HandMade Films) (Island Pictures) is a neo-noir crime film starring Bob Hoskins as ex-con George, who is hired by his boss Denny Mortwell (Michael Caine) as a chauffeur-bodyguard for high-class call girl Simone (Cathy Tyson), and falls for her, until he finds out that she's in a lez relationship with teenie Cathy (Kate Hardie). Fred Dekker's sci-fi horror comedy film Night of the Creeps (Aug. 22) (TriStar Pictures) stars Tom Atkins, Jason Lively, Steve Marshall, and Jill Whitlaw, who have to fight zombies created by slug creatures from an alien spacecraft that landed in 1959; "The good news is your dates are here. The bad news is they're dead"; "What is this, a homicide or a Grade B movie?"; "I personally would rather have my brains invaded by creatures from space than pledge a fraternity"; does $591.3K box office, becoming a cult film. John McTiernan's Nomads (Mar. 7) (Atlantic Releasing Corp.) stars Pierce Brosnan as French anthropologist Jean Charles Pommier, Lesley-Anne Down as ER doctor Eileeon Flax, and Anna-Maria Monticelli as Brosnan's daughter Veronique "Niki" Pommier, who fight LA big city street punks who turn out to be Inuit Einwetok demons incl. Dancing Mary (Mary Moronov), Razors (Frank Doubleday), Silver Ring (Josie Cotton), and Number One( Adam Ant); does $2.3M box office. Oliver Stone's Platoon (Dec. 19) stars Charlie Sheen as college-educated Vietnam volunteer Chris Taylor, who joins Bravo Co. 3rd Battalion 22nd Infantry Regiment 25th Div. and learns the facts of life from scarfaced Sgt. Barnes (Tom Berenger) and Sgt. Elias (Willem Dafoe), a G.I. Joe killer Christ complete with crucifixion, recreating the 1968 photo by Art Greenspoon, all to Samuel Barber's "Adagio for Strings"; "The last casualty of war is innocence"; does $138.5M at the box office. Peter Hyams' Running Scared (June 27) stars Ken Wahl and Judge Reinhold as two Chicago cops who buy a bar in Key West then return to Chicago to finish off an old drug ring that's bugging their consciences. David and Jerry Zucker's and Jim Abrahams' Ruthless People (June 27), based on O. Henry's "The Ransom of Red Chief" stars Danny DeVito and Bette Midler as a man and woman plotting the man's wife's demise. Jim Goddard's Shanghai Surprise (Aug. 29) (HandMade Films) (MGM) is a stinker starring newlyweds Sean Penn and Madonna as salesman Glendon Wasey and nurse Gloria Tatlock, who try to steal opium in Shanghai; does $2.3M box office on a $17M budget. John Badham's Short Circuit (May 9) stars cute robot Protagonist Number 5 (Johnny Five) (voiced by Tim Blaney), who escapes from his inventors Newton Graham Crosby (Steve Guttenberg) and Ben Jabituya (Fisher Stevens) in Nova Labs in Damon, Wash., and is protected by Stephanie Speck (Ally Sheedy) of Astoria, Ore.; brings in $40.7M on a $9M budget. Alex Cox's Sid & Nancy (Nov. 7) stars Gary Oldman as the Sex Pistols' Sid Vicious and Chloe Webb as his Am. groupie Nancy Spungen in a wasted life that ends up on a bathroom floor. Rob Reiner's Stand By Me (Aug. 8), a coming-of-age flick based on Stephen King's novella "The Body" about a 1959 Labor Day weekend hike from Castle Rock, Ore. to find dead kid Ray Brower (who was hit by a train) was originally rejected by all the major studios; stars up-and-coming boy actors River Jude Phoenix (Bottoms) (1970-93) as Chris Chambers, storytelling champ Richard William "Wil" Wheaton III (1972-) as Gordie Lachance (whose football star brother Denny, played by John Cusack was killed in a car accident), Jeremiah "Jerry" O'Connell (1974-) as overweight picked-on Vern Tessio, Corey Scott Feldman (1971-) as Teddy Duchamp, whose daddy burned his ear on a stove, Kiefer Sutherland (1966-) as bully Ace Merrill, and adult narrator Richard Dreyfuss as freelance writer-hence-the-winner Gordie Lachance; features Revenge of Davey "Lardass" Hogan. Leonard Nimoy's Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (Paramount Pictures) (Nov. 26) features an over-the-top plot about time travel to the 20th cent. and space whales; features Catherine Hicks as San Francisco aquarium biologist Dr. Gillian Taylor, who's in charge of humpback whales George and Gracie at the Cetacean Inst. in Sausalito; Chekhov gets mileage with his line about "nuclear wessels"; grosses $133M worldwide box office on a $21M budget. Michael Anderson's Sword of Gideon (Nov. 29) is a TV movie about a secret Mossad team led by Avner (George Bauer) that's tasked with assassinating the terrorists associated with the 1972 Munich Massacre, based on the 1984 George Jonas; also stars Michael York, Rod Steiger, and Colleen Dewhust; remade in 2005 as "Munich". John Landis' The Three Amigos (Dec. 12) stars Chevy Chase, Steve Martin and Martin Short as unemployed gringo actors Dusty Bottoms, Lucky Day and Ned Nederlander, who play the Magnificent Seven for laughs, and end up tangling with mean Mexican bandit El Guapo (Alfonso Arau); features the What Is A Plethora Scene, the Singing Bush Scene, and the Invisible Swordsman Scene. Tony Scott's Top Gun (May 16), based on a mag. article about the U.S. Navy Fighter Weapons (Top Gun) School in Miramar, Calif. is a rock-enhanced jingoistic irresistible ad for the U.S. Navy, starring Ray Ban-wearing Tom Cruise as F-14 Tomcat pilot Maverick (Pete Mitchell), Anthony Edwards as his co-pilot Goose, Val Kilmer as rival Ice Man, Tom Skerritt as tough but understanding instructor Viper, and Kelly McGillis as female civilian contractor Charlotte "Charlie" Blackwood, who refuses it in the bathroom but loses it in the elevator and back seat of Cruise's motorcycle; also stars Michael Ironside as instructor Jester; the Kenny Loggins songs Take My Breath Away and Danger Zone make the soundtrack #1 on the Billboard top pop albums chart for five weeks; too bad, acrobatic pilot Art Scholl (b. 1933) dies while doing a flat spin near Carlsbad, Calif.; tagline: "Up there with the best of the best"; "I feel the need, the need for speed." John Carlo Buechler's Troll (Jan. 17) is a dark fantasy film starring Michael Moriarty as Harry Potter Sr., and Noah Hathaway as Harry Potter Jr.; also stars Sonny Bono as Peter Dickinson. Plays: Howard Ashman (1950-91) and Marvin Hamlisch (1944-), Smile (musical). Emilio Carballido (1925-2008), Rosa de Dos Aromas (Two-Scented Rose). Don DeLillo (1936-), The Day Room (first play) (Manhattan Theater Club) (Dec. 20). Dario Fo (1926-), Abducting Diana; Diana Forbes-McKaye is kidnapped by three fake firemen while being seduced by Kevin, and turns out to be fake herself. Horton Foote (1916-), The Widow Claire (New York); 27-y.-o. widow is founded Tex. parades a bunch of "uncles" in front of her two children; Lily Dale (New York); lapsed Episcopalian Horace Robedaux travels to the big city in 1909 Tex. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Lovers and Keepers; music by Tito Puente and Fernando Rivas; Drowning; adapted from a story by Anton Chekhov; Art; The Mothers (Nadine). Michael Frayn (1933-), Benefactors; the false Utopia of Margaret Thatcher's govt. Pam Gems (1925-), The Danton Affair. David Hare (1947-), The Bay at Nice, and Wrecked Eggs. Beth Henley (1952-), The Lucky Spot. Tina Howe (1937-), Coastal Disturbances. Thomas Kilroy (1934-), Double Cross (The Abbey, Dublin). Tony Kushner (1956-), The Heavenly Theatre; In Great Eliza's Golden Time (St. Louis, Mo.). Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), Pizazz. Frank McGuinness (1953-), Innocence (Gate Theatre, Dublin). Arthur Miller (1915-2005), Playing for Time; based on the Fania Felon novel about the women's orchestra in Auschwitz. Murray N. Rothbard (1926-95), Mozart Was a Red; his only play; performed on his 60th birthday. Willy Russell (1947-), Shirley Valentine (Liverpool); opens in London in 1988 starring Pauline Collins; filmed in 1989 starring Collins. Sam Shepard (1943-), Lie of the Mind; "These things - in my head - lie to me. Everything lies. Everything in me lies." (Jake) Tom Stoppard (1937-), Dalliance (Lyttleton Theatre, London) (May 27); adaptation of Arthur Schnitzler's "Liebelei". Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), Lazaro en el Laberinto. Derek Walcott (1930-), Three Plays; incl. "The Last Carnival", "Beef, No Chicken", "A Branch of the Blue Nile". Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-), Charles Hart (1961-), and Richard Stilgoe (1943-), The Phantom of the Opera (musical) (Oct. 9) (Her Majesty's Theatre, London) (Jan. 26, 1988) (Majestic Theatre, New York); based on Gaston Leroux's 1911 novel; stars Mark Crawford as disfigured musical genius Gerard Butler; breaks the record of Webber's "Cats" on Jan. 9, 2006 with 7,486 perf., and celebrates its 25th anniv. on Jan. 26, 2013 with its 10,400th perf., reaching 12K perf. by Nov. 2016; total receipts are $5.6B, incl. $845M on Broadway, with an audience of 130M in 145 cities in 27 countries by 2011, not passed until "The Lion King" in 2014. Michael Weller (1942-), Ghost on Fire. August Wilson (1945-2005), Joe Turner's Come and Gone. Robert Wilson (1941-), Alcestis (Am. Repertory Theater, New York). Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), The Selected Poems: Expanded Edition. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Selected Poems II: Poems Selected & New, 1976-1986. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), Ipocalisse (Apocalypse). Earle Birney (1904-95), Copernican Fix. Robert Bly (1926-2021), Selected Poems. Jim Carroll (1949-2009), The Book of Nods. Turner Cassity (1929-2009), Hurricane Lamp (Jan. 1). Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Memory Gardens (May). Guy Davenport (1927-2005), Thasos and Ohio: Poems and Translations, 1950-1980. Edwin Denby (1903-83), The Complete Poems (posth.). Rita Dove (1952-), Thomas and Beulah (Pulitzer Prize); a married black couple (her grandparents) migrate from the Am. South to the urban North in the early 20th cent. Norman Dubie (1945-), Selected and New Poems. Stephen Dunn (1939-), Local Time. George Fetherling (1949-), Moving Towards the Vertical Horizon. Marilyn Hacker (1942-), Love, Death, and the Changing of the Seasons; long lesbian love affair in rhymed sonnets and villanelles. Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), The Happy Man. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), The Theory and Practice of Rivers. Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), Clearances. John Hollander (1929-), Harp Lake. David Ignatow (1914-97), New and Collected Poems, 1970-1985. Gayl Jones (1949-), Xarque and Other Poems (Sept.). Jane Kenyon (1947-95), The Little Boat. Carolyn Kizer (1925-), The Nearness of You: Poems for Men. Etheridge Knight (1931-91), The Essential Etheridge Knight. Ted Kooser (1939-), The Blizzard Voices. Brad Leithauser (1953-), Cats of the Temple. Denise Levertov (1923-97), Selected Poems. Audre Lorde (1934-92), Our Dead Behind Us. Rod McKuen (1933-2015), Intervals; Valentines. Lisel Mueller (1924-), Second Language. Mary Oliver (1935-), Dream Work. Michael Ondaatje (1943-), All Along the Mazinaw: Two Poems; Two Poems, Woodland Pattern. Grace Paley (1922-2007), Leaning Forward. Reynolds Price (1933-), The Laws of Ice. James Purdy (1914-2009), The Brooklyn Branding Parlors. Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), Your Native Land, Your Life. John Ross (1938-2011), Heading South. Philip Schultz (1945-), My Guardian Angel Stein. Charles Simic (1938-), Unending Blues (Nov. 21) (1987 Pulitzer Prize finalist). Timothy Steele (1948-), Sapphics Against Anger and Other Poems. Gerald Stern (1925-), Lovesick. Wislawa Szymborska (1923-2012), People on the Bridge. James Tate (1943-), Reckoner. Henry S. Taylor (1942-), The Flying Change (Feb.) (Pulitzer Prize); the beauty of the Blue Ridge Mts.; "I hold myself immobile in the bright air,/ sustained in time astride the flying change." Derek Walcott (1930-), Collected Poems, 1948-1984. Margaret Walker (1915-98), For Farish Street Green, February 27, 1986. Robert Wilson (1941-), Heiner Muller's Hamletmachine. Jay Wright (1934-), Elaine's Book. Novels: Peter Ackroyd (1949-), Chatterton; modern starving London poet Charles Wynchwood claims that poet Thomas Chatterton faked his own death at age 18 in 1770 then wrote poetry attributed to Cowper, Blake et al. Alice Adams (1926-99), Return Trips (July 12) (short stories). Isabel Allende (1942-), Eva Luna; a poor young Latina finds love through her storytelling powers. Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95), The Old Devils; amorous adventures of Welsh old farts. Piers Anthony (1936-), Ghost. Isaac Asimov (1920-92), Foundation and Earth; Foundation Series #5. Aharon Appelfeld (1932-), To the Land of the Cattails; Toni and her son Rudi journey from Vienna before the Holocaust. Louis Aragon (1897-1982), La Defense de l'Infini; Les Aventures de Jean-Foutre La Bite (posth.). Louis Auchincloss (1917-), Honourable Men (Dec.); Chip Benedict and Alida Struthers. Paul Benjamin Auster (1947-), Ghosts; The Locked Room; last two in the New York Trilogy. Russell Banks (1940-), Success Stories (short stories). Clive Barker (1952-), The Hellbound Heart; filmed in 1987 as "Hellraiser". Pat Barker (1943-), The Century's Daughter (Liza's England). Julian Barnes (1946-), Staring at the Sun. Ann Beattie (1947-), Love Always (June 12); satire on show biz and publishing. Thomas Berger (1924-), Nowhere (Sept. 1). Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Ausloeschung (Auslöschung) (Extinction). Wendell Berry (1934-), The Wild Birds: Six Stories of the Port William Membership; rural Ky. in the 1930s-70s. Stephen Birmingham (1932-), The LeBaron Secret (Jan.). Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), La Rondelle. Barbara Taylor Bradford (1933-), Act of Will; nurse Audra Kenton has daughter Christina, who becomes a fashionista. Anita Brookner (1928-), A Misalliance; Blanche Vernon's hubby Bertie abandons her for computer expert Mousie. Rita Mae Brown (1944-), High Hearts. Lois McMaster Bujold (1949-), Aftermaths; first in the Vorkosigan Saga (1988-2012), about Miles Vorkosigan. James Lee Burke (1936-), The Lost Get-Back Boogie; rejected 111x by publishers over 9 years, then nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), The Bobby-Soxer. Orson Scott Card (1951-), Speaker for the Dead; sequel to "Ender's Game" (1985) set 3K years later, with Ender using relativistic time travel to stay alive and only 35 years old. John le Carre (1931-2020), A Perfect Spy. Barbara Chase-Riboud (1939-), Valide: A Novel of the Harem (June). Tom Clancy (1947-2013), Red Storm Rising. James Clavell (1924-94), Whirlwind; set in Iran in 1979, about Scottish heli co. owner Andrew Gallavan; Thrump-O-Moto; illustrated by George Sharp; a wizard in training in Japan cures lame Australian girl Patricia. Paul Coelho (1947-), Practical Manual of Vampirism. J.M. Coetzee (1940-), Foe; tyrant Robinson Cruso and mute Friday share their island with Susan Barton until rescued, after which she meets Daniel Foe. Jackie Collins (1937-2015), Hollywood Husbands; Mannon Cable, Howard Soloman, and Jack Python. Laurie Colwin (1944-92), Another Marvelous Thing (short stories) (last pub.). Richard Condon (1915-96), Prizzi's Family. Pat Conroy (1945-2016), The Prince of Tides; football coach-teacher Tom Winslow, er, Winglo, his twin sister (famous New York poet) Savannah, and their dysfunctional S.C. family secrets, unlocked by Barbra, er, Dr. Susan Lowenstein; filmed in 1991. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Moth; adapted for TV in 1997. Stephen Coonts (1946-), Flight of the Intruder; The Intruders; Final Flight; a trilogy about Vietnam War A-6 Intruder pilot Jake Grafton, who rises to rear adm. Robert Coover (1932-), Gerald's Party. Jim Crace (1946-), Continent (first novel); a whole new continent. Clive Cussler (1931-), Cyclops; Dirk Pitt #8. Guy Davenport (1927-2005), Jonah: A Story. Len Deighton (1929-), Winter; German brothers Peter and Paul Winter, one pro-U.S. and the other pro-Nazi meet at the Nuremberg Trials. Allen Drury (1918-98), Pentagon (Sept. 17); the Yankee response to Russian occupation of a South Pacific island to build a submarine base. Andre Dubus (1936-99), The Last Worthless Evening (short stories). George Alec Effinger (1947-2002), The Bird of Time; Hartstein's graduation present from his grandparents is a trip into the past; When Gravity Fails; title comes from the Bob Dylan song "Just like Tom Thumb's Blues": "When your gravity fails and negativity don't pull you through"; first of the Marid Audran Trilogy (1986-91), about the 21st cent. Middle East, which is prospering while the West is in decline, and where people can change their bodies and personalities (really gay/TV New Orleans?). Paul Emil Erdman (1932-2007), The Panic of '89. Louise Erdrich (1954-), The Beet Queen; three orphans from 1932-72. Jonathan Fast (1948-), The Golden Fire. Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000), Innocence; neurologist Salvatore and his babe Chiara in 1950s Florence. Ken Follett (1949-), Lie Down with Lions; Jane breaks with her love Ellis after learning he's a CIA agent, and marries French physician Jean-Pierre Debout, who takes her to Afghanistan. Richard Ford (1944-), The Sportswriter; first in a trilogy about 38-y.-o. Frank Bascombe, incl. "Independence Day" (1995), "The Lay of the Land" (2006). Margaret Forster (1938-), Private Papers; Penelope Butler and her daughters Rosemary, Jess, Celia, and Emily. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Cold Iron (Henri Castang #9). Bruce Jay Friedman (1930-), Tokyo Woes (June 3). George Garrett (1929-2008), Poison Pen: Or, Live Now and Pay Later (May). William Gibson (1948-), Count Zero; Sprawl Trilogy #2; Bobby Newmark, Turner, Mitchell, Angie. Joe Gores (1931-), Come Morning. Winston Graham (1908-2003), The Green Flash; Scottish hellrake David Abden hooks up with Russian cosmetics queen Mme. Shona. Shirley Ann Grau (1929-), Nine Women (short stories). Joanne Greenberg (1932-), Simple Gifts. Winston Groom (1944-), Forrest Gump; a Ga. man with an IQ of 75 and his epic life with his girl Jenny, college football, Bubba and his shrimping business, ping pong, Lt. Dan, Hurricane Carmen, and running from coast-to-coast; filmed in 1994; "You don't know what love is"; forecasts the 1994 Republican Rev.? Elizabeth Forsythe Hailey (1938-), Joanna's Husband and David's Wife; husband and wife writing team and their struggles and mutual betrayals. Peter Handke (1942-), Die Widerholung (Repetition). George V. Higgins (1939-99), Imposters. Tony Hillerman (1925-2008), Skinwalkers; tribal police Joe Leaphorn and Jim Chee search for a skinwalker (witch) serial killer. Edward Hoagland (1932-), City Tales; Seven Rivers West; Cecil Roop and Sutton trek through the wilderness. P.D. James (1920-), A Taste for Death; Adam Dalgliesh #7. Charles R. Johnson (1948-), The Sorcerer's Apprentice: Tales and Conjurations (short stories). Denis Johnson (1949-), The Stars at Noon; an Am. ho in Nicaragua tries to get back to the U.S. and hooks up with a British oil corp. exec. Haynes Johnson (1931-) and Howard Simmons, The Landing: A Novel of Washington and World War II. Kaylie Jones (1940-), As Soon As It Rains (first novel); by the daughter of James Jones (1921-77); teenie Chloe Raymond loses her playwright dad, goes to college, and has mucho boring sex. Stephen King (1947-), It (Sept.) (#1 bestseller in the U.S. in 1986); seven children in Derry, Maine are terrorized by an evil being who appears as Pennywise the Dancing Clown AKA Bob Gray; filmed as a ABC-TV miniseries on Nov. 18-20, 1990 starring Tim Curry as Pennywise. Dean Koontz (1945-), Strangers. Judith Krantz (1928-), I'll Take Manhattan; magazine mogul Zachary Amberville, his envious younger brother Cutter, and feisty niece Maxi. Charles de Lint (1951-), Yarrow. Gordon Lish (1934-), Peru; Manhattan man Gordon is obsessed with a disturbance in a Peruvian prison that flashed on his TV screen. Penelope Lively (1933-), Pack of Cards: Stories 1978-1986. Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), Who Killed Palomino Molero? Graham Lord (1943-), Time Out of Mind. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), The Hidden Target (Jan. 27); NATO intel officer Renwick pursues terrorist Erik, who is chasing college student Nina O'Connell. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Santorini; Richard McCann (1949-), My Mother's Clothes: The School of Beauty and Shame; a story of a prepubescent boy cross-dressing out of his mother's closet; pub. in "The Atlantic Monthly", getting him a book contract and launching his career. Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Fletch, Too. Thomas McGuane (1939-), Nobody's Angel (Nov. 12); Deadrock, Mont. cowboy addict vet Patrick Fitzpatrick. James A. Michener (1907-97), Legacy. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), An After-Dinner's Sleep. Sue Miller (1943-), The Good Mother (first novel). Susan Minot (1956-), Monkeys (first novel); Gus and Rosie Vincent and their seven "monkeys". Alan Moore (1953-), Watchmen; graphic novel of the Cold War. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Rumpole for the Prosecution. Nicholas Mosley (1923-), Judith. Alice Munro (1931-), The Progress of Love (short stories). Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), Leaning in the Wind (Nov. 3). Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), The Reverse of the Medal; Aubrey-Maturin #11; Jack Aubrey meets his bastard black son (by Sally Mpata) Samuel Panda. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), Taming a Sea-Horse; Spenser #13. T. Jefferson Parker (1953-), Laguna Heat (first novel); former L.A. cop Tom Shephard. Robert Pinget (1919-97), Un Testament Bizarre (A Bizarre Will). Frederik Pohl (1919-), The Coming of the Quantum Cats; alternate Earths where Nancy Reagan is pres. and JFK stays a senator and marries Marilyn, America goes far-right and Ronald Reagan stays on the left, and Joseph Stalin moves to America and becomes a capitalist. Reynolds Price (1933-), Kate Vaiden. Francine Prose (1947-), Bigfoot Dreams. James Purdy (1914-2009), The House of the Solitary Maggot; Mr. Skegg and Lady Bythewaite; #3 in the Sleepers in Moon-Crowded Valleys Trilogy (begun 1970); In the Hollow of His Hand (Aug.); Ojibwa Indian Decaur returns from WWI to the Midwestern town of Yellow Brook and his son Chad Coultas. Ishmael Reed (1938-), Reckless Eyeballing. Norman Rush (1933-), Whites (short stories); Botswana in the 1980s. Richard Russo (1949-), Mohawk (first novel); Dallas Younger in the small town of Mohawk, N.Y. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), Tales of the Wolf; insurance investigator Wolf Lannihan; The Loves of Harry Dancer. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), The Stone Raft (A Jangada de Pedra); the Iberian Peninsula breaks away and sails about the Atlantic Ocean. Melissa Scott (1960-), A Choice of Destinies (June 1); Alexander the Great. Hubert Selby Jr. (1928-2004), Song of the Silent Snow (short stories). Robert Joseph Shea (1933-94), All Things Are Lights (Apr. 12). Mona Simpson (1957-), Anywhere But Here (first novel); filmed in 1999 starring Susan Sarandon and Natalie Portman; followed by "The Lost Father" (1992). Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), A Beehive Arranged on Humane Principles. LaVyrle Spencer (1943-), Years (Mar. 1); schoolteacher Linnea Brandenborg and farmer Theodore Westgaard in Alamo, N.D.; A Heart Speaks (Aug. 15). Scott Spencer (1945-), Waking the Dead; liberal atty. Fielding Pierce loses his babe, liberal social activist Sarah Williams in Chile, then runs for Congress and thinks he sees her again; filmed in 2000 starring Billy Crudup and Jennifer Connelly. Christina Stead (1902-83), I'm Dying Laughing: The Humourist (posth.); New York City novelist Emily Wilkes (based on Ruth McKenney) and her wealthy communist hubby go to Hollywood and watch the disintegration of Hollywood radicals then move to Europe and live it up. Bruce Sterling (1954-) (ed.), Mirrorshades: The Cyberpunk Anthology; helps define the cyberpunk genre. Steve Stern (1947-), Lazar Malkin Enters Heaven. Robert Stone (1937-), Children of Light; drugged-out Gordon Walker and his babe Les Verger in Mexico. Whitley Strieber (1945-), Cat Magic (Oct.); initially claims a co-author, Jonathan Barry, a witch and aerspace consultant, then admits he's made-up. Whitley Strieber (1945-) and James Kunetka, Nature's End; an environmental apocalypse in 2025 sees Dr. Gupta Singh propose that one-third of the world pop. commit suicide. Theodore Sturgeon (1918-65),Godbody (posth.); about a super sexual athlete. Ronald Sukenick (1932-2004), Endless Short Story (Jan. 1); Blown Away; aspiring actress Cathy June and bottom-feeding dir. Drackenstein. Peter Matthew Hillsman Taylor (1917-94), A Summons to Memphis (Pulitzer Prize); the Carvers of Nashville, Tenn., and Philip Carver of Memphis. Paul Theroux (1941-), O-Zone. Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), Sphinx. Thomas Tryon (1926-91), All That Glitters (short stories). Vernor Vinge (1944-), Marooned in Realtime; impenetrable Bobbles (force fields) that permit jumping into the future, and how a bunch of bobblers found out that humanity disappears in the 23rd cent. then regroup millions of years in the future. Peter De Vries (1910-93), Peckham's Marbles (short stories) (Oct.); "The last place to have a ball, my Dear Mrs. DelBelly, is at a formal dance." James Welch (1940-2003), Fools Crow; based on the Marias Blackfeet Massacre of 1870, which the author's great-grandmother survived. Fay Weldon (1931-), The Shrapnel Academy. Paul West (1930-), Rat Man of Paris. Rebecca West (1892-1983), Sunflower (posth.); autobio. novel about her affairs with H.G. Wells and Lord Beaverbrook. Patrick White (1912-90), Memoirs of Many in One; the author edits the papers of fictional Alex Gray. Sherley Anne Williams (1944-99), Dessa Rose; runaway slave hides on Miss Rufel's farm. Walter Jon Williams (1953-), Hardwired; Cowboy becomes a Panzerboy to take on the Orbital Corporations. Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), Love Unknown. Richard Yates (1926-92), Cold Spring Harbor; a "whole rotten little town" ca. the Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor attack. Births: Am. jazz musician-actor-producer (black) Troy "Trombone Shorty" Andrews on Jan. 2 in New Orleans, La.; grandson of Jessie Hill (1932-96); brother of of James Andrews (1969-). Russian model Irina Shayk (Sheik) (Irina Valeryevna Shaykhlislamova) on Jan. 6 in Yemanzhelinsk, Chelyabinsk; Tatar father, Russian mother; lover (2015-) of Bradley Cooper (1975-). English musician Alexander David "Alex" Turner (Arctic Monkeys) on Jan. 6 in High Green, Sheffield. Am. "Dave Karofsky in Glee", "Tank in Switched at Birth" actor (Jewish) Max Adler on Jan. 17 in Queens, N.Y.. Am. "Play With Me" singer-actress Chloe Rose Lattanzi on Jan. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022) and Matt Lattanzi (1959-). Am. 6'1" hockey player (Los Angeles Kings) Jonathan Douglas Quick on Jan. 21 in Milford, Conn.; educated at the U. of Mass. Amherst. Am. "Marissa Cooper in The O.C." actress Mischa Anne Marsden Barton on Jan. 24 in London; English father, Irish mother; emigrates to the U.S. at age 4. English "Tess of the d'Urbervilles", "Strawberry Fields in Quantum of Solace", "Princess Tamina in Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time" actress Gemma Christina Arterton on Feb. 2 in Gravesend, Kent; educated at Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Am. "Valerian" actor Dane William DeHaan on Feb. 6 in Allentown, Penn. Kiwi "Jules Loudin in The Cabin in the Woods", "Sasha in Anger Management" actress Anna Hutchison on Feb. 8 in Auckland. Am. murderer Charles Andrew "Andy" Williams on Feb. 8 in Frederick County, Md. Am. "Mercedes Jones in Glee" actress-singer (black) Amber Patrice Riley (AKA RILEY) on Feb. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. fitness consultant Daphne Nur Oz on Feb. 17 in Philadelphia, Penn.; eldest child of Mehmet Oz (1960-) and Lisa Oz; educated at Princeton U. British (Welsh) singer Charlotte Church (Charlotte Maria Reed) on Feb. 21 in Cardiff, Wales. Am. "Reese in Malcolm in the Middle" actor (Jewish) Justin Berfield on Feb. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. English "Fred and George Weasley in Harry Potter" actors James Andrew Eric Phelps and Oliver Martyn John Phelps on Feb. 25 in Sutton Coldfield. Australian "Number 6 in I Am Number Four" actress-model Teresa Palmer on Feb. 26 in Adelaide, South Australia. Am. 6'5" golfer Maxie Patton Kizzire on Mar. 3 in Montgomery, Ala.; educated at Auburn U. Am. "Stuck", "(There's Gotta Be) More to Life" singer-songwriter Stacie Joy Orrico on Mar. 3 in Seattle, Wash. Irish "Lily Bell in Hell on Wheels" actress Dominique McElligott on Mar. 5 in Dublin. Spanish Egyptologist Carlos Blanco on Mar. 7 in Coslada; child prodigy, admitted to the Spanish Assoc. of Egyptology at age 11. Am. "Amber Von Tussle in Hairspray" actress Brittany Anne Snow on Mar. 9 in Tampa, Fla. English rock musician Tom Clarke (The Enemy) on Mar. 11 in Birmingham. English "Billy Elliot" actor Andrew James Matfin "Jamie" Bell on Mar. 14 in Billingham, Cleveland; husband (2017-) of Kate Mara (1983-). Australian "Charlie in Jack Reacher", "Kyle Reese in Terminator Genisys", "Capt. Boomerang in Suicide Squad" actor Jai Stephen Courtney on Mar. 15 in Sydney, N.S.W. Swedish singer-songwriter Lykke Li (Li Lykke Timotej Svensson Zachrisson) on Mar. 18 in Ystad. Australian musician (lesbian) Ruby Rose (Langenheim) on Mar. 20 in Melborne, Victoria. Am. "Don't Ya" country singer Brett Ryan Eldredge on Mar. 23 in Paris, Ill.; cousin of Terry Eldredge. Am. Roman Catholic priest-historian Monsignor Peter Keenan Guilday (d. 1947) on Mar. 25 in Chester, Penn.; Irish immigrant parents; educate at Louvain U. Am. "Bad Romance", "Just Dance", "Poker Face" singer (lefty) (bi) Lady Gaga (Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta) on Mar. 28 in New York City; of Italian descent. Am. singer-songwriter (American Idol #9 winner) Leon James "Lee" DeWyze Jr. on Apr. 2 in Mount Prospect, Ill. Am. "Buy Me a Boat" country singer-songwriter Chris Janson on Apr. 2 in Perryville, Mo. Am. "Penny Pingleton in Hairspray" actress Amanda Laura Bynes on Apr. 3 in Thousand Oaks, Calif.; Irish Roman Catholic father, Jewish Polish descent mother. Am. "Peter Pan in Peter and the Starcatcher", "Quentin Coldwater in The Magicians" Jason Ralph on Apr. 7 in McKinney, Tex. Am. "Blair Waldorf in Gossip Girl" actress Leighton Marissa Claire Meester on Apr. 9 in Marco Island, Fla. British-Am. "Almost Royal" comedian-actress Amy Hoggart (AKA Pattie Brewster) on Apr. 14 in Washington, D.C.; emigrates to the U.K. at age 4; educated at King's College, Cambridge U., and U. of Sussex. Am. soccer player (black) Maurice "Mo" Edu on Apr. 18 in Fontana, Calif. Am. "406 in Zombieland", "Chenault in The Rum Diary" actress (bi) (atheist) Amber Laura Heard on Apr. 22 in Austin, Tex.; wife (2015-7) of Johnny Deep. Am. 5'11" football RB (black) (Seattle Seahawks #24, 2010-) Marshawn Terrell "Beast Mode" Lynch on Apr. 22 in Oakland, Calif.; educated at the U. of Calif. Russian 6'1" tennis player Dinara Mikhailovna Safina on Apr. 27 in Moscow; sister of Marat Safin (1980-). Am. "Sarah in I Am Number Four", "Quinn Fabray in Glee" actress (Jewish) Dianna Agron on Apr. 30 in Savannah, Ga.; grows up in San Francisco, Calif. Am. TV journalist Abigail Haight "Abby" Huntsman on May 1 in Philadelphia, Penn.; daughter of Jon Huntsman Jr. (1960-); grows up in Utah; educated at the U. of Penn. English 5'10" actress Poppy Angela Delevingne on May 3 in Hammersmith, London; grows up in Belgravia, London; sister of Cara Delevingne (1986-). French "Mantis in Guardians of the Galaxy" actress Pom Alexandra Klementieff (d. 1986) on May 3 in Quebec, Canada; French diplomat father; Korean mother, who names her Pom because it sounds like Korean "spring tiger", English rock drummer Matthew "Matt" Helders (Arctic Monkeys) on May 7 in Sheffield. Am. "Emily Sweeny in The Big Bang Theory" actress (redhead0 Laura Spencer on May 8 in Oklahoma City, Okla.; educated at the U. of Okla. Am. "Girls" actress-dir. (Jewish) Lena Dunham May 13 in New York City; Protestant father, Jewish mother: educated at Oberlin College. English "Edward Cullen in Twilight", "Cedric Diggory in Harry Potter" actor-musician-producer Robert Douglas Thomas Pattinson on May 13 in London. Norwegian "Fairytale" violinst Alexander Rybak on May 13 in Minsk, Soviet Union (Belarus). Am. "Mikaela Banes in Transformers" actressMegan Fox on May 16 in Rockwood, Tenn. Am. "Smart Guy" actor Tahj Dayton Mowry on May 17 in Honolulu, Hawaii; English-Italian father, black mother; brother of twins Tia and Tamera Mowry (1978-). Am. 5'10" football WR (white) (New England Patriots #11, 2009-) Julian Francis Edelman on May 22 in Redwood City, Calif.; educated at Kent State U. Am. 6'0" football RB (black) (New Orleans Saints #34, 2015-) Timothy Michael "Tim" Hightower on May 23 in Santa Ana, Calif.; educated at the U. of Richmond. Am. 6'4" 310 lb. football left tackle (black) (Baltimore Ravens #74, 2009-) Michael Jerome Oher (pr. oar) on May 28 in Memphis, Tenn.; educated at the U. of Miss. Spanish tennis player Rafael Nadal Parera on June 3 in Manacor, Mallorca. Am. 6'3" golfer Keegan Hansen Bradley on June 7 in Woodstock, Vt.; educated at St. John's U. Am. "Indy's son in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull", "Sam Witwicky in Transformers" actor (Jewish) Shia Saide LaBeouf (pr. SHY-uh luh-BUFF) on June 11 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Cajun father, Jewish mother. Am. "Max Black in 2 Broke Girls" actress (Jewish) Kat Dennings (Katherine Litwack) on June 13 in Bryn Mawr, Penn.; homeschooled; graduates from h.s. at age 14. Am. "Michelle Tanner in Full House" actresses Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Fuller Olsen on lucky lucky Fri. June 13 in Sherman Oaks, Calif. Am. baseball pitcher (Fla./Miami Marlins, 2010-15) Steven R. "Steve" Cishek (pr. SEE-shek) on June 18 in Palmouth, Mass. Am. singer-songwriter (black) Solange Piaget Knowles on June 24 in Houston, Tex.; sister of Beyonce Knowles (1981-). Am. "Small Town Girl" country music singer (vegetarian) Kellie Dawn Pickler on June 28 in Albemarle, N.C. Am. "The Parent Trap", "Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen" actress-singer Lindsay Dee Lohan (Chin. "enlightened one") on July 2 in New York City; fan of Ann-Margret; launches the 6126 Leggins line, named after Marilyn Monroe's birthdate. Australian beauty queen Sabrina Houssami on July 3 in Sydney; Muslim Lebanese father, Hindu Indian mother. Am. musician Adam Randal Young (Owl City) on July 5. Russian 6'3" hockey player Evgeni (Yeveni) Vladimirovich "Geno" Malkin on July 3 in Magnitogorsk. Am. actor Brendon Ryan Barrett on Aug. 5. German swimmer Paul Biedermann on Aug. 7. Am. "Jane Sterling in Mad Men" actress Peyton List on Aug. 8 in Baltimore, Md. Venezuelan 5'11" baseball player (black) (San Francisco Giants, 2008) ("Kung Fu Panda") Pablo Eisler Sandoval on Aug. 11 in Puerto Cabello. Japanese baseball pitcher (Texas Rangers, 2012-17) (Chicago Cubs #11, 2018-) Yu Darvish on Aug. 16 in Osaka. Am. actor Bryton Eric McClure on Aug. 17 in Lakewood, Calif.; black father, white mother. Jamaican 6'5" Olympic runner (black) Usain St. Leo "Lightning" Bolt on Aug. 21 in Trelawny; first man to break world records in the 100M and 200M in the same Olympics (2008). Am. "Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss in The Social Network", "The Lone Ranger", "Illya Kuryakin in The Man from U.N.C.L.E." actor (Jewish) Armand Douglas "Armie" Hammer on Aug. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Michael Armand Hammer (1955-), grandson of Armand Hammer (1898-1990). English singer Florence Leontine Mary Welch (Florence + The Machine) on Aug. 28 in London. Am. rock musician-songwriter George Ryan Ross III (Panic! at the Disco) on Aug. 30 in Las Vegas, Nev. Am. 5'8" snowboarder (redhead) Shaun Roger "Flying Tomato" White on Sept. 3 in San Diego, Calif.; of Irish and Italian descent. Am. country singer-songwriter Ashley Monroe (Pistol Annies) on Sept. 10 in Knoxville, Tenn. English "Theon Greyjoy in Game of Thrones" actor Alfie Evan James Allen on Sept. 12 in hammersmith, London; 3rd cousin of Sam Smith (1992-). Am. "The Day After Tomorrow", "Songcatcher", "Mystic River" actress-singer-songwriter Emmanuelle Grey "Emmy" Rossum on Sept. 12 in New York City; Protestant English-Dutch ancestry father, Jewish Russian descent mother; relative of Vera Wang. Am. "Ready Set Roll" country singer-songwriter Chase Rice on Sept. 19 in Asheville, N.C.; educated at the U. of N.C. Am. "London Sheraton in Meet the Browns" actress Arielle St. Cyr Vandenberg on Sept. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif.; grows up in Fallbrook, Calif. Am. 5'11" football WR (Denver Broncos #11, 2014-) (black) Jordan Shea Rashad Norwood on Sept. 28 in Honolulu, Hawaii; educated at Penn State U. Am. "Minho in The Maze Runner" actor Ki Hong Lee on Sept. 30 in Seoul, South Korea; emigrates to the U.S. at age 8; educated at UCB. Am. "Rose Slavin in The Ballad of Jack and Rose" actress Camilla Belle (Routh) on Oct. 2 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Nicole Carol Miller in United 93", "Leah in Juno" actress Olivia Thirlby on Oct. 6 in New York City. Am. "Silent Parade", "Dear God" singer Sydney Wayser (AKA Clara-Nova) (Lawless) on Oct. 7 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Myles Mitchell in Moesha" actor Marcus Terrell Paulk on Oct. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif. Indian "Abdul Karim in Victoria & Abdul" actor Ali Fazal on Oct. 15 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Am. "Richard Jewell" actor Paul Walter Hauser on Oct. 15 in Grand Rapids, Mich.; grows up in Saginaw, Mich. English "Sarah Connor in Terminator Genisys" actress Emilia Clarke on Oct. 26 (May 1, 1987?) in London; grows up in Berkshire; educated at St. Edward's School, Oxford U. Am. "Dan Humphrey in Gossip Girl" actor-musician Penn Dayton Badgley (Mother) on Nov. 1 in Baltimore, Md.; educated at Lewis & Clark College. Am. country singer Erika Jo Vastola (nee Heriges) on Nov. 2 in Mt. Juliet, Tenn. Am. golfer Amanda Blumenherst on Nov. 4 in Scottsdale, Ariz.; educated at Duke U. Am. 6'2" football QB (New York Jets #6, 2009-13) (Denver Broncos, 2016) Mark Travis John Sanchez on Nov. 11 in Long Beach, Calif.; educated at USC. Trinbagonian-Am. "M'Baku in Black Panther" actor (black) Winston Duke on Nov. 15 in Tobago; emigrates to the U.S. at age 9; educated at Yale U. South African 6 ft. 1/2 in. runner (double amputee) ("Blade Runner") ("the Fastest Man on No Legs") Oscar Leonard Carl "Oz" Pistorius on Nov. 22 in Sandton, Johannesburg. Am. 6'0" football linebacker (black) (San Francisco 49ers #57, 2011-) Michael Wilhoite on Dec. 7 in Manhattan, Kan.; educated at Washburn U. British 5'10" light welterweight boxing champ (2009-) (Muslim) Amir Iqbal Khan on Dec. 8 in Bolton; Pakistani immigrant parents. Am. Miss Universe 2009 Krisen Jeannine Dalton on Dec. 13 in Wilmington, N.C.; educated at East Carolina U. Am.-British Internet personality Emory Andrew Tate II on Dec. 14 in Chicago, Ill.; African-Am. father Emory Tate (1958-2015), white mother; raised in Luton, England. Am. Repub. politician Lauren Opel Boebert on Dec. 15 in Alamonte Springs, Fla.; grows up in Denver-Aurora, Colo. Venezuelian baseball shortstop (black) (Milwaukee Brewers #2, 2008-10) (Kansas City Royals #2, 2011 ) Alcides "El Mago" (the Magician) Escobar on Dec. 16 in La Sabana. Nigerian Underwear (Condom) Bomber (black) (Muslim) Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab on Dec. 22 in Lagos; son of Umaru Abdul Mutallab (1939-). Am. Miss Universe 2007 Riyo Mori on Dec. 24 in Shizuoka. Am. football RB (black) (Kansas City Chiefs #25, 2008-) Jamaal RaShaad Charles on Dec. 27 in Port Arthur, Tex. English "Anything Could Happen. singer-songwriter Elena Jane "Ellie" Goulding on Dec. 30 in Hereford; grows up in Lyonshall (near Kington), Herefordshire; educated at the U. of Kent. Am. imam (Sunni Muslim) Omar Suleiman on ? (1987?) in New Orleans, La. Deaths: Japanese longevity champ Shigechiyo Izumi (b. 1865) on ?. Am. Mormon fundamentalist leader Leroy Sunderland Johnson (b. 188) on Nov. 2 in Hildale, Utah. Am. modernist artist Georgia O'Keeffe (b. 1887) on Mar. 8. Am. basketball player Marty Friedman (b. 1889) on Jan. 1. Am. "Casablanca", "Barefoot in the Park", "Becket" producer Hal B. Wallis (b. 1899) on Oct. 5 in Rancho Mirage, Calif. Russian "Molotov cocktail" statesman Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (b. 1890) on Nov. 8 in Moscow. Am. railway heir, diplomat and Dem. N.Y. gov. (1955-9) W. Averell Harriman (b. 1891) on July 26. English novelist Storm Jameson (b. 1891). Am. Worldwide Church of God founder Herbert W. Armstrong (b. 1892) on Jan. 16 in Pasadena, Calif. French aircraft manufacturer Marcel Dassault (b. 1892) on Apr. 17 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Am. diplomat Loy W. Henderson (b. 1892) on Mar. 24. Am. historian Dumas Malone (b. 1892) on Dec. 27 in Charlottesville, Va. Am. chemist Edward A. Doisy (b. 1893) on Oct. 23 in St. Louis, Mo.; 1943 Nobel Med. Prize. Hungarian physiologist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (b. 1893) on Oct. 22 in Woods Hole, Mass.; 1937 Nobel Med. Prize. Hungarian pshrink Leopold Szondi (b. 1893) on Jan. 24 in Kusnacht, Switzerland. Am. "Father of Streamlining" designer Raymond Loewy (b. 1894) on July 14. British Conservative PM (1957-63) Harold Macmillan (b. 1894) on Dec. 29 in Chelwood Gate, Sussex.: "Events, my dear boy, events" (when asked what the greatest challenge is for a statesman). Am. football coach Fritz Pollard (b. 1894) on May 11; first black head coach of an NFL team. English writer Dora Black, Lady Russell (b. 1894) on May 31. German Gen. Theodor Busse (b. 1895) on Oct. 21 in Wallerstein. Am. "Stagecoach" stuntman Yakima Canutt (b. 1895) on May 24 in North Hollywood, Calif. Am. OPA head (1941-2) Leon Henderson (b. 1895). Indian New Age guru Jiddu Krishnamurti (b. 1895) on Feb. 17 in Ojai, Calif. (pancreatic cancer): "Truth is a pathless land. Man cannot come to it through any organization, through any creed, through any dogma, priest or ritual, nor through any philosophical knowledge or psychological technique. He has to find it through the mirror of relationship, through the understanding of the contents of his own mind, through observation, and not through intellectual analysis or introspective dissection"; "To seek fulfillment is to invite frustration." English WWII nurse Mary Lindell (b. 1895). U.S. defense secy. #4 (1951-3) Robert A. Lovett (b. 1895) on May 7 in Locust Valley, N.Y. Soviet polar explorer Ivan D. Papanin (b. 1895) on Jan. 30. Am. novelist Helen Hooven Santmyer (b. 1895) on Feb. 21 in Xenia, Ohio. Am. chemist Robert S. Mulliken (b. 1896) on Oct. 31 in Arlington, Va. (heart failure); 1966 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. real estate tycoon Abram Nicholas Pritzker (b. 1896) on Feb. 8. Russian chemist Nikolai Semyonov (b. 1896) on Sept. 25; 1956 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am.-born British duchess (1937-) Wallis Warfield Simpson (b. 1896) on Apr. 24 in Bois de Boulogne, Paris; leaves 117 pairs of identical Gossamer stockings. Am. silent film actress Blanche Sweet (b. 1896) on Sept. 6 in New York City (stroke). Austrian actress Elisabeth Bergner (b. 1897) on May 12 in London, England. Am. pub. exec Cass Canfield (b. 1897) on Mar. 27 in New York City. Am. internat. law authority Philip C. Jessup (b. 1897) on Jan. 3; namesake of the Philip C. Jessup Internat. Law Moot Court Competition. Soviet novelist-playwright Valentin Katayev (b. 1897) on Apr. 12 in Moscow. Am. ballerina Lucia Chase (b. 1898) on Jan. 9; founder of New York's Am. Ballet Theater. French philologist Georges Dumezil (b. 1898) on Oct. 11 in Paris. Am. actress Bessie Love (b. 1898) on Apr. 26 in London, England. English artist Henry Moore (b. 1898) on Aug. 31 in Much Hadham, Hertfordshire. Am. "Casablanca" film producer Hal Wallis (b. 1898) on Oct. 5 in Rancho Mirage, Calif. (diabetes). Am. ethnomycologist Robert Gordon Wasson (b. 1898) on Dec. 26 in Danbury, Conn. Am. vicuna-coat-loving Eisenhower chief of staff (1953-8) Sherman Adams (b. 1899) on Oct. 27 in Hanover, N.H. Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges (b. 1899) on June 14 in Geneva, Switzerland. Am. "Yankee Doodle Dandy" actor James Cagney (b. 1899) on Mar. 30 on his farm in Stanfordville, N.Y. German-born Am. chemist Fritz A. Lipmann (b. 1899) on July 24; 1953 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. diplomat H. Freeman Matthews (b. 1899). Britsh Conservative MP (1924-58) Robert Boothby, baron Boothby (b. 1900) on July 16 in London. Am. oil baron David Harold Byrd (b. 1900) on Sept. 14. Am. silent film actress Edna Mae Cooper (b. 1900) on June 27 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, Calif. U.S. Rep. (D-Ind.) (1935-69) Charles Abraham Halleck (b. 1900) on Mar. 3 in Lafayette, Ind. Am. "Gentleman's Agreement" novelist Laura Z. Hobson (b. 1900) on Feb. 28 in New York City. Austrian actor Frederic Ledebur (b. 1900) on Dec. 25 in Linz. Polish-born Am. "Father of the Nuclear Navy" adm. Hyman G. Rickover (b. 1900) on July 8 in Arlington, Va. Am. diplomat and political advisor Chester Bowles (b. 1901) on May 25 in Essex, Conn.: "Government is too big and important to be left to the politicians." Am. "One-hundred percent Republican" Indiana Rep. Charles A. Halleck (b. 1901) on Mar. 3. Am. "Gentleman's Agreement" novelist Laura Z. Hobson (b. 1901) on Feb. 28. Czech writer Jaroslav Seifert (b. 1901) on Jan. 10 in Prague; 1984 Nobel Lit. Prize. Soviet-friendly Finland pres. Urho K. Kekkonen (b. 1901) on Aug. 30. Argentine economist Raul Prebisch (b. 1901) on Apr. 29 in Santiago, Chile. Am. "My Time Is Your Time" bandleader, idol, sax player, and crooner Rudy Vallee (b. 1901) on July 3 in North Hollywood, Calif. English actor Brian Aherne (b. 1902) on Feb. 10 in Venice, Fla. (heart failure). Am. "Buck and Bubbles" dancer-singer John W. Bubbles (b. 1902) on May 18. Am. football player-coach Jim Crowley (b. 1902) on Jan. 15 in Scranton, Penn. English "Bride of Frankenstein" actress Elsa Lanchester (b. 1902) on Dec. 26 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (pneumonia). Swedish diplomat and peace activist Alva Myrdal (b. 1902) on Feb. 1; 1982 Nobel Peace Prize. Am. Fordham U. coach Jim Crowley (b. 1903) on Jan. 16; one of the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame. Am. painter Maurice Grosser (b. 1903) on Dec. 23 in New York City. Am. Depression-era photographer Russell Lee (b. 1903) on Aug. 28. British-born Kenyan aviation pioneer Beryl Markham (b. 1903) on Aug. 3 in Nairobi. Am. "An American in Paris", "Gigi" film producer-dir. Vincente Minnelli (b. 1903) on July 25 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Am. "Durango Kid" actor Charles Starrett (b. 1903) on Mar. 22 in Borrego Springs, Calif. (cancer). Am. comedian Jerry Colonna (b. 1904) on Nov. 21 in Woodland Hills, Calif. English-born am. journalist-historian George Dangerfield (b. 1904) on Dec. 27 in Santa Barbara Calif. (leukemia): "If the novel can go to history, history can go to the novel, at least to the extent of bringing a creative imagination to bear upon its characters... History, which reconciles incompatibles, and balances probabilities, by its very nature eventually reaches the reality of fiction. And that is the highest reality of all"; "When codes, when religions, when ideas cease to move forward, it is always in some shining illusion that an alarmed humanity attempts to take refuge." Chinese "Miss Sophia's Diary" writer Ding Ling (b. 1904) on Mar. 4 in Beijing. Scottish-born Canadian Socialist politician Tommy Douglas (b. 1904) on Feb. 24 in Ottawa, Ont. British-born Am. actor Cary Grant (b. 1904) on Nov. 29 in Davenport, Iowa (stroke); dies of a massive stroke in his hotel room while on tour with his 1-man show "An Evening With Cary Grant" at the Adler Theater; never said "Judy, Judy, Judy" in a movie; nominated for an Oscar twice but never won, but was given a lifetime achievement award in 1970; "I don't know anyone who's been inside his house in the last 10 years" (Billy Wilder); "Like a house on the back lot of a Hollywood studio, enormously impressive from the front, but when you open the door, you realize there is nothing behind it" (some screenwriter); "Truly the most mysterious friend I have. He has great depressions and great heights where he seems about to take off for outer space" (David Niven); "He looks into your eyes, not your forehead or your hair, as some people do. He can make love to me when I'm 90" (Doris Day). English-born Am. "I Am a Camera" novelist-playwright Christopher Isherwood (b. 1904) on Jan. 4 in Santa Monica, Calif. (prostate cancer); lives with Don Bachardy since 1958 when he was 48 and Bachardy 16. U.S. liberal Repub. N.Y. Sen. (1957-81) Jacob Koppel Javits (b. 1904) on Mar. 7 in West Palm Beach, Fla. (Lou Gehrig's disease). English actress Dame Anna Neagle (b. 1904) on June 3 in Surrey (cancer). Am. Yankees pitcher and pinch-hitter Charles "Red" Ruffing (b. 1904) on Feb. 17. Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood supreme leader #3 (1972-86) Umar al-Tilmisani (b. 1904) on May 22 in Cairo. Am. "Stormy Weather", "Over the Rainbow" composer Harold Arlen (b. 1905) on Apr. 23. Polish-born Am. recording exec Moses Asch (b. 1905) on Oct. 19 in New York City. Russian choreographer Serge Lifar (b. 1905). Am. "Wild Kingdom" zoologist Marlin Perkins (b. 1905) on June 14 in St. Louis, Mo. (cancer). Austrian-born Am. "Laura", "Exodus", "Stalag 17" actor-producer-dir. Otto Preminger (b. 1906) on Apr. 23 in New York City. Vietnamese Communist leader Le Duan (b. 1907) on July 10 in Hanoi. Romanian philosopher Mircea Eliade (b. 1907) on Apr. 22 in Chicago, Ill. (stroke). Am. outboard motor magnate Ralph S. Evinrude (b. 1907) on May 21 in Jensen Beach, Fla. Welsh "The Lost Weekend" actor Ray Milland (b. 1907) on Mar. 10. Am. Continental Airlines CEO (1936-81) Robert Forman Six (b. 1907) on Oct. 6 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Russian playwright Aleksei Arbuzov (b. 1908) on Apr. 20. French "The Second Sex" philosopher Simone de Beauvoir (b. 1908) on Apr. 14 in Paris (pneumonia). Hungarian-born British economist Nicholas Kaldor (b. 1908) on Sept. 30 in Papworth Everard, Cambridgeshire. Australian dancer-choreographer Sir Robert Helpmann (b. 1909) on Sept. 28 in Sydney. Am. actor-dir.-producer Howard Da Silva (b. 1909) on Feb. 16. Am. "King of Swing" clarinetist-bandleader Benny Goodman (b. 1909) on June 13. Am. "God Bless America" singer Kate Smith (b. 1909) on June 17 in Raleigh, N.C. (diabetes). French novelist-dramatist (Theater of the Absurd) Jean Genet (b. 1910) on Apr. 15 in Paris. Am. "The Americanization of Emily" novelist William Bradford Huie (b. 1910) on Nov. 20 in Guntersville, Ala. (heart attack). Am. astronomer Josef Allen Hynek (b. 1910) on Apr. 27 in Scottsdale, Ariz. (brain tumor). Australian psychiatrist Ainslie Meares (b. 1910) on Sept. 19 in Melbourne (pneumonia). English tenor Sir Peter Pears (b. 1910) on Apr. 3 in Aldeburgh. Am. actor Broderick Crawford (b. 1911) on Apr. 26 in Rancho Mirage, Calif. (stroke). Am. "Big John Cannon in High Chaparral" actor Leif Erickson (b. 1911) on Jan. 29 in Pensacola, Fla. (cancer). Austrian-born Am. writer Rudolf Flesch (b. 1911) on Oct. 5. Am. baseball hall-of-fame player Hank Greenberg (b. 1911) on Sept. 4 in Beverly Hills, Calif.; 58 homers in 1937. Am. "Dianetics" sci-fi writer and Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard (b. 1911) on Jan. 24 (stroke) in his Church of Spiritual Technology (founded 1982) in Creston, San Luis Obispo County, Calif. after pub. 1,084 works (incl. 500 novels and short stories and 3K recorded lectures) (total of 500K pages, 65M words) and leaving several immortal quotes; dies after moving in 1984 into a luxury Blue Bird motorhome on the 160-acre Whispering Winds Ranch near Creston, Calif. and hiding out from the law he is cremated and his ashes scattered over the Pacific Ocean, where as a member of the Church of Scientology's elite Sea Org. he will allegedly enjoy a 21-year vacation between lives before returning to a new physical identity in the year 2007; leaves an engram of Westerns pub. in pulp mags. under the name Winchester Remington Colt, nearly 80 sci-fi stories pub. under the names Kurt Von Rachen and Rene Lafayette, and many more sci-fi works pub. under his own name, plus a slew of books on Scientology and Dianetics; Bucks County, Penn.-born Religious Technology Center (RTC) chmn. (since 1987) David Miscavige (1960-) immediately takes over the Church of Scientology (until ?), becoming known as Capt. Miscavige by Scientology haters because for legal reasons he denies that Sea Org even exists; Hubbard never wanted Miscavige to take over, but he used his privately-owned for-profit Author Services Inc. to stage a palace coup to take over the RTC in Calif.?; no surprise, Miscavige gets accused of miscabbage, er, miscarriage, er, mischief, er, misconduct incl. physical assults on church staff members, harassment of critics and journalists, coercive fundraising practices, and forced separation of family members. German "Das Boat" U-boat Capt. Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock (b. 1911) on Apr. 18 in Bremen. British tenor (partner of composer Benjamin Britten) Sir Peter Pears (b. 1911) on Apr. 3. Am. blues musician Sonny Terry (b. 1911) on Mar. 11 in Mineola, N.Y. Am. sculptor Lincoln Borglum (b. 1912) on Jan. 27 in Corpus Christi, Tex. Am. "Dr. Zenwinn in Divorce American Style" actor-dir.-producer Martin Gabel (b. 1912) on May 22 in New York City. Russian economist Leonid Kantorovich (b. 1912) on Apr. 7 in Moscow; 1975 Nobel Econ. Prize. Am. jazz pianist-composer Teddy Wilson (b. 1912) on July 31. Am. World Trade Center architect Minoru Yamasaki (b. 1912) on Feb. 7 (cancer). U.S. Gen. Hewitt Terrell Wheless (b. 1913) on Sept. 7 in Tucson, Ariz. Am. actor Robert Alda (b. 1914) on May 3 in Los Angeles, Calif.; father of touchy-feely actor Alan Alda (1936-). Am. "The Natural" novelist Bernard Malamud (b. 1914) on Mar. 18: "Life is a tragedy full of joy." Nepalese Sherpa guide Tenzing Norgay (b. 1914) on May 9. Am. "Honeybee in The Life of Riley" actress Gloria Blondell (b. 1915) on Mar. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. songwriter Joe Greene (b. 1915) on June 16 in Pasadena, Calif. (kidney failure). Kiwi RAF pilot Capt. Leonard Henry Trent (b. 1915) on May 19 in Takapuna. Am. "Making of the President" writer Theodore Harold White (b. 1915) on May 15 in New York City. Am. "Dante's Inferno" translator-poet John Ciardi (b. 1916) on Mar. 30 (Easter Sun.) (heart attack): "Here, time concurring (and it does);/ Likes Ciardi. If no kingdom come,/ A kingdom was. Such as it was/ This one beside it is a slum." (his own epitaph). English writer-artist Brion Gysin (b. 1916) on July 13 in Paris. Am. "mad general in Dr. Strangelove" actor Sterling Hayden (b. 1916) on May 23. Am. "Travis McGee" mystery writer John D. MacDonald (b. 1916) on Dec. 28. Am. "Digger Barnes in Dallas" actor Keenan Wynn (b. 1916) on Oct. 14 in Los Angeles, Calif.; dies after collapsing during production of "Superman: The Movie" in England, and is replaced as Perry White by Jackie Cooper. Am. writer Uell Stanley Andersen (b. 1917) on Sept. 24. Cuban actor-bandleader-bongo player Desi Arnaz (b. 1917) on Dec. 2. Am. physicist Leo James Rainwater (b. 1917) on May 31; 1975 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. jazz musician Curley Russell (b. 1917) on July 3. Am. "Camelot", "Brigadoon", "My Fair Lady" lyricist Alan Jay Lerner (b. 1918) on June 14 in New York City. Am. writer Merle Miller (b. 1919) on June 10 in Danbury, Conn. Am. "Sgt. Morgan O'Rourke in F Troop" actor Forrest Tucker (b. 1919) on Oct. 25 (lung cancer). Am. voice actor Paul Frees (b. 1920) on Nov. 2 in Tiburon, Calif. (heart failure). Am. "Dune" novelist Frank Herbert (b. 1920) on Feb. 11 in Madison, Wisc.: "It must certainly be more dangerous to live in ignorance than to live with knowledge." German artist Joseph Beuys (b. 1921) on Jan. 23. Am. "Carousel", "Oklahoma" singer-actor Gordon MacRae (b. 1921) on Jan. 24. Am. "Miss Ellis in Dallas" actress Donna Reed (b. 1921) on Jan. 14 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (pancreatic cancer). English "Room at the Top" novelist John Gerard Braine (b. 1922) on Oct. 28. Am. "Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof", "Lt. Jacoby in Peter Gunn" actor Herschel Bernardi (b. 1923) on May 9 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Amity Island Mayor Larry Vaughn in Jaws" actor Murray Hamilton (b. 1923) on Sept. 1 in Washington, N.C. Am. harness racer William Haughton (b. 1923). Am. "Ted Baxter in The Mary Tyler Moore Show" actor Ted Knight (b. 1923) on Aug. 26 in Glendale, Calif. (cancer). Swedish soil scientist Svante Oden (b. 1924) on July 31. Am. beat poet Bob Kaufman (b. 1925) on Jan. 12. Am. folk-rock band mgr. Albert Grossman (b. 1926) on Jan. 25 en route from Chicago to London (heart attack). Am. atty. Roy Marcus Cohn (b. 1927) on Aug. 2 (AIDS). Swedish PM (1969-76, 1982-6) Olof Palme (b. 1927) on Feb. 28 in Stockholm (assassinated). Austrian actor-playwright Helmut Qualtinger (b. 1928) on Sept. 29 in Vienna (liver failure). Canadian hockey goalie Jacques Plante (b. 1929) on Feb. 27 in Sierre, Switzerland (cancer). South African psychiatrist David Graham Cooper (b. 1931) on July 29 in Paris, France. Am. actor Roger C. Carmel (b. 1932) on Nov. 11 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart failure). Am. medical guinea pig William J. Schroeder (b. 1932) on Aug. 6; dies after 620 days on a clunky artificial heart. Am. "Room 222" actor Lloyd Haynes (b. 1934) on Dec. 31 in Coronado, Calif. (lung cancer). Am. "Love Will Keep Us Together" songwriter Howard Greenfield (b. 1936) on Mar. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. (AIDS). Am. atty. (Joseph McCarthy's chief counsel) Roy Cohn (b. 1937) on Aug. 2. Am. Isley Brothers R&B singer O'Kelly Isley Jr. (b. 1937) on Mar. 31 in Alpine, N.J. Am. astronaut Dick Scobee (b. 1939) on Jan. 28 near Cape Canaveral, Fla. (KIA). Am. fashion designer Perry Ellis (b. 1940) on May 30 in New York City (AIDS); his partner Laughlin Baker (b. 1939) dies of AIDS on Jan. 2, 1986. Am. tennis player Chuck McKinley (b. 1941) on Aug. 10 in Dallas, Tex. (brain tumor). Canadian "The Band" singer Richard Manuel (b. 1943) on Mar. 4 in Winter Park, Fla. (suicide). Am. astronaut Gregory Jarvis (b. 1944) on Jan. 28 near Cape Canaveral, Fla. (KIA). Am. astronaut Michael John Smith (b. 1945) on Jan. 28 near Cape Canaveral, Fla. (KIA). Am. astronaut Ellison Onizuka (b. 1946) on Jan. 28 near Cape Canaveral, Fla. (KIA). Am. astronaut Christa McAuliffe (b. 1948) on Jan. 28 near Cape Canaveral, Fla. (KIA): "Space is for everybody." Irish "Thin Lizzy" rocker Phil Lynott (b. 1949) on Jan. 4 in Salisbury, Wiltshire (alcoholism). Am. astronaut Judith Resnik (b. 1949) on Jan. 28 near Cape Canaveral, Fla. (KIA). Am. astronaut Ronald McNair (b. 1950) on Jan. 28 near Cape Canaveral, Fla. (KIA). Am. rock bassist Cliff Burton (b. 1962) on Sept. 27 in Ljungby, Sweden; dies after tour bus overturns. Am. college basketball player Len Bias (b. 1963) on June 19 in College Park, Md. (cocaine OD).



1987 - The Married With Children and Tear Down This Wall INF Treaty Monkey Business Soccer Hooliganism Year? A frantically busy year as those planning a 2000-timeframe Armageddon bust a move, incl. a Hollywood and Ollywood signal?

Reagan-Gorbachev INF Treaty Signing, Dec. 8, 1987 Alan Greenspan of the U.S. (1926-) Howard Henry Baker Jr. of the U.S. (1925-) James M. Cannon of the U.S. (1918-) Robert Carl 'Bud' McFarlane of the U.S. (1937-) Anthony McLeod Kennedy of the U.S. (1936-) Ann Dore McLaughlin of the U.S. (1941-) Frank Carlucci of the U.S. (1930-) Paul Martin Simon of the U.S. (1928-2003) William Steele Sessions of the U.S. (1930-) James H. Burnley IV of the U.S. (1948-) John Sasso of the U.S. (19??-) Calvin William Verity Jr. of the U.S. (1917-2007) Joseph Robinette 'Joe' Biden of the U.S. (1942-) John Chafee of the U.S. (1922-99) Second Nat. March on Washington for Gay and Lesbian Rights, Oct. 11, 1987 Slobodan Milosevic of Yugoslavia (1941-2006) Giovanni Giuseppe Goria of Italy (1943-94) Karoly Grosz of Hungary (1930-96) Noboru Takeshita of Japan (1924-2000) Roh Tae-woo of South Korea Zine El Abidine Ben Ali of Tunisia (1987-) Ali Saibou of Niger (1940-2011) Robert Gabriel Mugabe of Zimbabwe (1924-2019) Maj. Gen. Sitiveni Rabuka of Fiji (1948-) Eddie Fenech Adami of Malta (1934-) Pierre Buyoya of Burundi (1949-) Noor Hassanali of Trinidad and Tobago (1918-2006) Alexander Yakovlev of the Soviet Union (1923-2005 Chemical Ali of Iraq (1941-2010) U.S. Gen. Richard V. Secord (1932-) Kitty Dukakis of the U.S. (1936-) Douglas Howard Ginsburg of the U.S. (1946-) Leonard-Hagler Fight, Apr. 6, 1987 Muhammad Ahmed Faris of Syria (1951-) Mathias Rust (1968-) Field Marshal Sergei L. Sokolov of the Soviet Union (1911-2012) Roy Romer of the U.S. (1928-) Oral Roberts (1918-2009) Jim Bakker (1940-) and Tammy Faye Bakker (1942-2007) - before Jim Bakker (1940-) - after Jessica Hahn (1959-) Gary Hart of the U.S. (1936-) Donna Rice (1958-) Fawn Hall (1959-) Ivan Boesky (1937-) Michael Robert Milken (1946-) Robert 'Budd' Dwyer (1939-87) Michael Robert Ryan (1960-) Roger Newland Shepard (1929-) St. Edith Stein (1891-1942) Charles Keating and the Keating Five, 1987 Larry Kramer (1935-) Klaus Barbie (1913-) William Hedgcock Webster of the U.S. (1924-) Robert Heron Bork of the U.S. (1927-2012) Patricia Schroeder of the U.S. (1940-) Karl Linnas (1914-87) Meena Keshwar Kamal of Afghanistan (1957-1983) John Demjanjuk (1920-2012) Auric Goldfinger Baby Jessica, 1987 Maurice Strong of Canada (1929-2015) Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union (1931-) Steven Clark Rockefeller (1936-) Jean-Marie Le Pen (1928-) Marwan Barghouti (1959-) Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Yassin of Palestine (1936-2004) Dr. Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi of Palestine (1947-2004) Blaise Compaoré of Burkina Faso (1951-) Molly Yard (1912-2005) Cicciolina (Anna Ilona Staller) of Italy (1951-) Govan Mbeki of South Africa (1910-2001) Rev. Al Sharpton Jr. (1954-) Jacqueline du Pré (1945-87) Martha Graham (1894-1991) Dick Shawn (1923-87) Dr. Paul Farmer (1959-) Sugar Ray Leonard (1956-) Joe Montana (1956-) John Elway (1960-) Phil Simms (1955-) Spuds MacKenzie David Robinson (1965-) Tim Duncan (1976-) Ron Hextall (1964-) Ibrahaim Hussein of Kenya (1958-) Priscilla Welch of Britain (1944-) Sir Richard Branson (1950-) and Per Lindstrand (1948-) Hulda Crooks (1896-1997) Oscar Arias Sanchez (1940-) Christian Lacroix (1951-) Christian Lacroix Example Joseph Brodsky (1940-96) Karl Alex Muller (1927-) Stephen Wolfram (1959-) Jose Arguelles (1939-2011) Iain M. Banks (1954-2013) Johannes Georg Bednorz (1950-) Marcus Borg (1942-) Brennan Brennan (1939-) Robert Vance Bruce (1923-2008) Pat Cadigan (1953-) Deepak Chopra (1947-) Donald J. Cram (1919-2001) Huw Dixon (1958-) Charles J. Pederson (1904-89) Jean Marie Lehn (1939-) Karl H. Pribram (1919-) David Joseph Bohm (1917-92) Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (1906-88) Robert M. Solow (1924-) Susan Butcher (1954-2006) Allan David Bloom (1930-92) James Lee Burke (1936-) Paul Bocuse (1926-) Ben Carson (1951-) Jared Mason Diamond (1937-) Michael Dorris (1945-97) Mark Doty (1953-) Roddy Doyle (1958-) George Alec Effinger (1947-2002) David Franklin Fasold (1939-98) Henry Louis Gates Jr. (1950-) Gary Habermas (1950-) David R. Ignatius (1950-) Nick Faldo (1957-) The Ripkens Pete Weber (1962-) Olivier Jean Blanchard (1948-) Paul Mosley (1956-) Lawrence Henry 'Larry' Summers of the U.S. (1954-) Nobuhiro Kiyotaki (1955-) Toni Morrison (1931-2019) Ronald Gene Simmons (1940-90) Sir Roy Yorke Calne (1930-) Richard Landes (1949-) Terry McMillan (1951-) William Meredith Jr. (1919-2007) Isaac Mizrahi (1961-) Haruki Murakami (1949-) Philip Schultz (1945-) Whitley Strieber (1945-) 'Communion' by Whitley Strieber (1945-), 1987 Donald Trump (1946-) in Portsmouth, N.H., Oct. 22, 1987 'The Art of the Deal' by Donald Trump (1946-), 1987 Alfred Uhry (1936-) Marco Pierre White (1961-) Roger J. Woolger (1944-2011) Peter Wright (1916-95) Dan Empfield (1957-) Yoshizumi Ishino (1959-) The Odone Family Douglas C. Prasher (1951-) 'Star Trek: The Next Generation', 1987-94 Brent Spiner (1949-) as Data in 'Star Trek: The Next Generation' John Coolidge Adams (1947-) Rick Astley (1966-) Taylor Dayne (1962-) Enya (1961-) Eric B. & Rakim 'Hysteria' by Def Leppard, 1987 'Bad' by Michael Jackson, 1987 The Goo Goo Dolls Guns N' Roses Kylie Minogue (1968-) Sinéad O'Connor (1966-) MC Hammer (1962-) Midnight Oil The Pixies Primal Scream Public Enemy Faster Pussycat Testament Tiffany (1971-) Randy Travis (1959-) 'Once Bitten' by Great White, 1987 'Full House', 1987-95 'Married With Children', 1987-97 'The Tracey Ullman Show', 1987-90 'The Simpsons', 1987- 'Beauty and the Beast', starring Linda Hamilton (1956-) and Ron Perlman (1950-), 1987-90 'Max Headroom', 1987-8 'Thirtysomething', 1987-91 '21 Jump Street', 1987-91) 'Fences', 1987 'Babettes Feast', 1987 'Bad Taste', 1987 'Dirty Dancing', starring Patrick Swayze (1952-) and Jennifer Grey (1960-), 1987 Emile Ardolino (1943-93) 'Fatal Attraction', 1987 'Full Metal Jacket', 1987 R. Lee Ermey (1944-) 'Hellraiser', 1987 'Hope and Glory', 1987 'Lethal Weapon', 1987 Shane Black (1961-) 'The Lighthorsemen', 1987 'The Living Daylights', 1987 'The Lost Boys', 1987 'The Monster Squad', 1987 'Near Dark', 1987 'Nightflyers', 1987 'North Shore', 1987 'Planes, Trains and Automobiles', 1987 'Predator', 1987 'Predator', 1987 'The Princess Bride', 1987 'RoboCop', 1987 'The Running Man', 1987 'Spaceballs', 1987 'Wall Street', 1987 'The Witches of Eastwick', 1987 'Withnail and I', 1987 Malcah Zeldis (1931-) 'Miss Liberty Celebration' by Malcah Zeldis (1931-), 1987 Sunshine Skyway Bridge, 1987 Helmut Jahn (1940-) Liberty Place, 1987 The Topography of Terror, 1987 Airbus A320 'The Woman in Black', 1987 'Piss Christ', by Andres Serrano (1950-), 1987

1987 Doomsday Clock: 3 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Rabbit (Jan. 29). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (1931-2022); next time 1989. World pop.: 5B. This year is the warmest on record based on studies by NASA's Goddard Inst. for Space Studies in New York, and by a team at the U. of East Anglia in Britain led by Thomas Wigley; starting this year CO2 emissions go on to constitute 50% of all atmospheric CO2 by 2014; 40% since 1990; 30% since 2000. Beginning this year Nevada becomes the fastest growing state in the U.S. (until ?). Early in the year the Libyan troops in Chad since 1983 are finally driven out. On Jan. 1 Arizona State defeats Michigan by 22-15 to win the 1987 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 3 Vietnam War hero John Sidney McCain III (1936-2018) takes over retiring Barry Goldwater's Repub. Senate seat from Ariz. (until Aug. 25, 2018). On Jan. 3 Santa Fe, N.M.-born Timothy Endicott "Tim" Worth (1939-) becomes Dem. U.S. Sen. from Colo. (until Jan. 3, 1993), taking Gary Hart's seat and going on to become nat. co-chair of the Clinton-Gore campaign, first undersecy. of state for global affairs in 1993-7, lead U.S. negotiator at the Kyoto Climate Conference, and pres. #1 of the United Nations Foundation in 1998-2013. On Jan. 4 (1:04 p.m.) an Amtrak train en route from Washington, D.C. to Boston, Mass. collides with Conrail engines approaching from a side track, killing 16 and injuring 184. On Jan. 4 a bus carrying workers collides head-on with a tomato truck in Itapetininga, Sao Paolo, Brazil, killing 15 and injuring 11. On Jan. 5 the Baby M Case, the first surrogate mothers' rights case begins in Hackensack, NJ. On Jan. 5 500 students led by Rev. Jesse Jackson protest the white-is-right humanities program at Stanford U., with the chant: "Hey hey, ho ho, Western Civ has got to go"; in 1989 the Western Culture course is replaced with the Humanities 101: Cultures, Ideas, and Values (CIV), which is displaces whites with blacks, women, and Marxist class struggle, claiming that whites foisted colonialism, racism, and slavery, and that their history is racist and anti-black and not worth studying. On Jan. 7-9 a Chinese-Vietnamese border fight in Vi Xueyen District, Ha Tuyen Province kills 1.5K Chinese troops. On Jan. 8 for the first time the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes above 2,000, ending the day at 2,002.25. On Jan. 12 Queen Elizabeth II's youngest son Prince Edward resigns from the Royal Marines, bucking a royal family tradition; he claims to prefer a career in TV - for can't-miss TV, press one now? On Jan. 13, 1987 Garden City, Kan.-born Dem. Colo. treasurer (since Mar. 23, 1977) Roy Rudolf Romer (1928-) becomes Colo. gov. #39 (until Jan. 12, 1999). On Jan. 16 Communist Party gen. secy. Hu Yaobang becomes the scapegoat for student protests and is forced to resign; he is succeeded by PM (since 1980) Zhao Ziyang (until 1989), who goes on to ditto. On Jan. 17 Hans Fricke films a live coelacanth at a depth of 198 meters on an undersea expedition off the E coast of Africa. On Jan. 20 Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite (1939-) disappears in Beirut, Lebanon while attempting to negotiate the release of Western hostages; he is freed in Nov. 1991. On Jan. 20 chief CIA official in Lebanon Lt. Col. William Francis Buckley (1928-85), who was taken hostage in Mar. 1984 is reported slain on or about June 3, 1985 under torture by Hezbollah. On Jan. 21 BB King donates his record collection of 7K to the U. of Miss. On Jan. 21 in South Africa a paramilitary force kills 13 civilians in their sleep in the KwaMakutha Zulu township (KwaZulu-Natal black homeland). On Jan. 21 a truck and bus collide near Temuco, Chile, killing 43. On Jan. 22 Penn State U. treasurer Robert "Budd" Dwyer (b. 1939), facing prison for conspiracy and perjury graphically shoots himself to death at a televised news conference in Harrisburg, Penn. On Jan. 24 gunmen in Lebanon kidnap educators Alann Steen, Jesse Turner, Robert Polhill, and Mitheleshwar Singh; all are later released. On Jan. 24 20K civil rights demonstrators march through predominantly white Forsyth County, Ga. a week after a smaller march was disrupted by Ku Klux Klan members and supporters. On Jan. 25 Super Bowl XXI (21) is held in Pasadena, Calif.; after the paper tiger Denver Broncos (AFC) led by QB John Elway make it to halftime with a 10-9 lead, the New York Giants (NFC), led by QB (#11) Phillip Martin "Phil" Simms (1955-) come back in the 3rd quarter and score 17 unanswered points, followed by 7 more to start out the 4th quarter, then blow them out 39-20, incl. a 44-yard flea-flicker in the 3rd quarter using Phil McConkey as the flicker; millions quit watching in the 4th quarter, costing advertisers big bucks; MVP Giants' QB Phil Simms is the first to tell the TV cameras "I'm going to Disney World" after the game ends, and sets SB records with 10 consecutive completions, .880 completion percentage, hitting 22 of 25 passes for 268 yards and 3 TDs; Budweiser introduces Spuds MacKenzie (real name Honey Tree Evil Eye, 1987-93) in its Bud Light ads, drawing criticism for attracting children to booze, causing them to retire him, er, her in 1989. On Jan. 27 Pres. Reagan delivers his 1987 State of the Union Address, starting out by congratulating the historic 100th Congress then progressing to Afghanistan, with the soundbyte: "The Soviet Union says it wants a peaceful settlement in Afghanistan, yet it continues a brutal war and props up a regime whose days are clearly numbered. We are ready to support a political solution that guarantees the rapid withdrawal of all Soviet troops and genuine self-determination for the Afghan people. But now at length I have the happiness to know that it is a rising and not a setting Sun." On Jan. 29 U.S. Sen. (D-Del.) (1973-2009) Joseph Robinette "Joe" Biden Jr. (1942-) introduces the Global Climate Protection Act for creation of a nat. climate strategy, becoming the first Senate bill dealing with climate change, directing the U.S. pres. to establish a Task Force on Global Climate to do R&D and implement a nat. strategy on global climate and deliver a U.S. Strategy on Global Climate to the U.S. pres. within a year, which he is required to report to specified members of Congress, while appointing an ambassador at large to coordinate U.S. govt. efforts in multinat. efforts to fight global warming, also requiring the U.S. pres. to give climate protection top priority in his agenda of U.S.-Soviet relations; the U.S. secy. of state is directed to promote an Internat. Year of Global Climate Protection; too bad, it doesn't pass. On Jan. 31 struggling discount airline pioneer People Express flies its last flights before merging with Continental Airlines. In Jan. Shiite terrorist Mohammed Ali Hamadi is caught as he goes through customs at Frankfurt Airport with liquid explosives in his luggage; the Germans insist on prosecuting him for murder, although they have no death penalty. In Jan. a student at Seoul Nat. Univ. in South Korea is tortured to death by police, and for the first time they actually admit it publicly. In Jan. two-bit phoney Am. Okla.-born backwoods so-called faith-healer Oral Roberts (1918-) (Oral Robber?) announces that back in Mar. of 1986 God had told him he had 12 mo. to raise $8M for medical scholarships for his Oral Roberts U. or he would die; on Mar. 23 greyhound racetrack owner Jerry Collins donates $1.3M, and with all the other donations Roberts lives - he has a double dose of Fokker in him? In Jan. the first biennial Bocuse d'Or cooking competition at the SIRHA Internat. Hotel, Catering and Food Trade Exhibition, hosted by French chef Paul Bocuse (1926-) is held in Lyon, France, becoming the culinary Olympics along with the quadrennial Internat. Exhibition of Culinary Art in Germany. On Feb. 1 Terry Williams of Los Gatos, Calif. wins the largest slot machine payoff to date ($4.99M) after getting four "lucky 7s" on a machine in Reno. On Feb. 2 the largest steel strike in U.S. history (begun in Aug.) ends. On Feb. 4 Pres Reagan's veto of amendments to the U.S. Clean Water Act to cover nonpoint source pollution is overridden by Congress, led by liberal U.S. Sen. (R-R.I.) (1976-99) John Lester Hubbard Chafee (1922-99). On Feb. 4 Afghan women's rights activist Meena Keshwar Kamal (b. 1956) (founder of the Rev. Assoc. of the Women of Afghanistan) is assassinated in Quetta, Pakistan by Afghan KGB (KHAD) agents. On Feb. 5 the Soviets launch the Soyuz TM-2 spacecraft, carrying cosmonauts Yuri Victorovitch Romanenko (1944-) and Aleksandr Ivanovich Laveykin (1951-), who become the first long-duration crew of the Mir space station; on July 22 Soyuz TM-3 is launched, carrying Alexander Stepanovich Viktorenko (1947-), Muhammed Ahmed Faris (1951-) (1st Syrian and 2nd Arab in space), and Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov (1943-); on July 30 Soyuz TM-2 returns carrying Yuri Romanenko and Aleksandr Leveykin (who had minor heart problems); on Dec. 21 Soyuz TM-4 is launched, carrying Vladimir Georgiyevich Titov (1947-), Anatoli Semyonovich Levchenko (1941-88), and Musa Khiramanovich Manarov (1951-); it returns next June 17, carrying Anatoly Solovyev, Viktor Savinykh, and Aleksandr Aleksandrov. On Feb. 6 no-smoking rules take effect in federal bldgs. in the U.S. On Feb. 9 former U.S. nat. security advisor Robert Carl "Bud" McFarlane (1937-) attempts suicide over the Iran-Contra Affair by swallowing 30 Valium pills. On Feb. 9 the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) finally installs a ladies restroom in the Exchange Luncheon Club. On Feb. 10 the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, dealing with pres. disability and succession goes into effect. On Feb. 12 a court in Texas upholds an $8.5B fine imposed on Texaco Inc. for the illegal takeover of Getty Oil; on Apr. 12 Texaco, fighting an $11B judgment in favor of Pennzoil Co. stemming from its acquisition of Getty Oil Co. files for federal bankruptcy protection; Texaco, with assets of $33.8B, later settles with Pennzoil for $3B. On Feb. 15 Costa Rican pres. Oscar Arias Sanchez submits the Esquipulas II Peace Agreement for democratization and free elections in Central Am., which is signed on Aug. 7 in Guatemala City by five presidentes, winning him the Nobel Peace Prize; too bad, the U.S. govt. refuses to recognize the agreement because it recognizes the Sandanista regime in Nicaragua. On Feb. 15 ABC-TV begins broadcasting its 7-night Amerika mini-series, showing the U.S. under Soviet occupation. On Feb. 16 Ukrainian-born U.S. auto worker (emigrated to the U.S. in 1951) John Demjanjuk (1920-) (whose portrait bears a striking resemblance to German actor Karl Gert "Auric Goldfinger" Frobe (Fröbe) (1913-88)? goes on trial in Jerusalem, accused of being "Ivan the Terrible", a guard at the Treblinka concentration camp; he is convicted, but the Israeli Supreme Court overturns it by a finding of reasonable doubt, which doesn't stop never-forgiving Jews from trying to pin something else on him? On Feb. 19 New York gov. (1983-94) Mario Cuomo declares that he will not run for U.S. pres. in the next election. On Feb. 20 the Unabomber places a bomb in a parking lot behind the CAAMS computer store in Salt Lake City, seriously injuring CAAMS vice-pres. Gary Wright. On Feb. 20 Soviet authorities release Jewish activist Josef Begun. On Feb. 23 a bus carrying wedding guests skids off an expressway outside Nsukka, Anambra, Nigeria, killing 35 - that nsukkas? On Feb. 26 the Tower Commission (U.S. Tex. Repub. Sen. John Tower, former U.S. secy. of state Edmund Muskie, former nat. security advisor Brent Scowcroft) (commissioned by Pres. Reagan on Dec. 1, 1986) releases the Tower Commission Report, providing official confirmation of the NSC's arms-for-hostages policy. In Feb. 7K Syrian troops occupy the Muslim sector in parts of Lebanon. In Mar. a new 1987 Haitian Constitution is approved, banning dual citizenship; gen. elections in Nov. are aborted after shootings by soldiers and Tonton Makout. On Mar. 2 two sets of quintuplets are born on the same day in the U.S. when Pergonal-taking Rosalind Helms (1960-) delivers in Peoria, Ill. and Robin Jenkins (1957-) in Las Vegas, Nev.; each has a 70 PPM chance of occurring; four of the Helms babies and three of the Jenkins babies survive. On Mar. 2 the U.S. govt. repots that the median price for a new home tops $100K for the 1st time ($110,700). On Mar. 4 U.S. Pres. Reagan worms his way out of the Iran-Contra Affair via a televised Speech on Iran and the Contras, admitting a mistake and throwing himself on the nation's mercy - he learned well from Nixon's case? On Mar. 4 Gov. Bill Clinton signs an act of the Ark. gen. assembly fixing the design of the Ark. state flag, incl. a "blue star above the word ARKANSAS... to commemorate the Confederate States of America"; the flag flies over Bill and Hillary's house for 12 years, and later the Clinton Library. On Mar. 5 the Chelsea Soccer Riot in England is followed on Mar. 13 by the Kenilworth Road (Luton) Soccer Riot, causing the PM Margaret Thatcher to appoint a commission to address hooliganism, which issues a white paper on May 16; too bad, on May 29 the Heysel Stadium Disaster sees 39 killed and 600 injured in rioting at the European Soccer Cup final in Brussels, Belgium after fans of the British Liverpool team go on a rampage, causing a stadium wall to collapse in the 60K-seat stadium; most of the victims are fans of the Italian Juventus team; Belgium bans play by British teams until Britain has "put her house in order"; interior minister Charles Ferdinand Nothomb is later blamed for security lapses by a parliamentary inquiry, and when he refuses to resign, French-speaking Liberals withdraw from PM Wilfried Martens' coalition, causing the latter on July 16 to submit his resignation to Belgian king (1951-93) Baudouin I, but the king refuses, and in Sept. Martens' coalition majority is increased in early elections. On Mar. 6 (night) the British ferry MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes in the Channel off the coast of Belgium after leaving Zeebrugge, killing 193 passengers and crew. On Mar. 10 the Vatican condemns surrogate parenting along with test tube and artificial insemination. On Mar. 10 after financial mismanagement causes Garret FitzGerald to resign, "lesser of two evils" Charles Haughey becomes PM of Ireland again (until Feb. 11, 1992). On Mar. 11 a Cubana de Aviacion Antonov 24RV is hijacked en route from Nueva Gerona, Cuba, and the hijacker killed, after which there are no more hijackings in or to Cuba until Feb. 4, 1992. On Mar. 13 racketeer and "Teflon Don" John Joseph Gotti Jr. (1940-2002) is acquitted of racketeering by a federal jury, becoming the first Mafia boss acquitted of federal racketeering charges - justice is still for sale in the good ole Big A? On Mar. 13 pres. (1984-8) Leon Febres Cordero of Ecuador announces that his country has suspended payments on its foreign debt after earthquakes kill hundreds of people and rupture the country's main oil pipeline. On Mar. 14 (Sat.) Pres. Reagan in his Sat. radio address says he should have listened to U.S. secy. of state George P. Shultz and defense secy. Caspar Weinberger when they advised him not to sell arms to Iran. On Mar. 16 Mass. Gov. (1975-9, 1983-91) Michael Dukakis (b. 1933) announces his candidacy for the Dem. pres. nomination - he smells blood? On Mar. 17 a federal appeals court clears the way for the perjury indictment of former White House aide Michael Deaver, who is later convicted of three of five perjury counts. On Mar. 19 pres. (since 1976) Ellis Clarke is succeeded by high court judge Noor Mohamed Hassanali (1918-2006) as pres. #2 of Trinidad and Tobago (until Mar. 19, 1997), becoming the first Muslim head of state in the Americas. On Mar. 19 Am. Christian Assemblies of God televangelist James Orsen "Jim" Bakker (1940-) resigns as chmn. of his PTL ministry org. (founded 1974) over a sex and money scandal involving a double set of books and a $279K payoff to coverup his cheating on his eyebrow-free 4'11" wife Tammy Faye Bakker (1942-2007) with his chesty church secy. Jessica Hahn (1959-) from Okla., who initially claims rape, then flip-flops, calling it a fling rather than an affair, then capitalizes on her new fame by doing a Playboy spread, and later claims she wants to be reconciled with the church; the press jumps on their luxurious lifestyle, incl. an air-conditioned doghouse, gold-plated bathroom features, etc., although they are later proved to be exaggerated (heated doghouse, brass fixtures)?; Jim Bakker asks Jerry Falwell to act as temporary caretaker, turning on Jimmy Swaggart and accusing him of planning to take it over, then flopping on Falwell, accusing him of ditto, causing Falwell to hold a press conference, accusing Jim Bakker of having gay relationships with men, producing sworn affadavits, along wqith a note by Tammy Faye detailing her demands of $300K/mo. for Jim and $100K/mo. for herself plus their $400K mansion and other perks for going away quietly, after which Fawell resigns from the Liberty Federation and Moral Majority on Nov. 4 and disavows his political career, going back to the Old Time Gospel Hour. On Mar. 19 in a news conference Pres. Reagan repudiates the policy of selling arms to Iran, saying "I would not go down that road again." On Mar. 23 30-min. soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful debuts on CBS-TV (until ?), created by "The Young and the Restless" creator William Joseph Bell (1927-2005) and his wife (1954-) Lee Phillip Bell, about Forrester Creations fashion house in Los Angeles, going on to becoming the #1 soap opera with an audience of 26M. On Mar. 24 after the AIDS drug AZT (Retrovir) (Zidovudine) is approved by the FDA on Mar. 20, ACT-UP, founded by Am. gay novelist-playwright Larry Kramer (1925-) stages its first demonstration at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) over the high prices of AZT and the long FDA process for approving drugs; on Mar. 25 the FDA announces a 2-year reduction in the process. On Mar. 22 a garbage barge carrying 32K tons slips out of Islip, N.Y. on a 6-mo. journey in search of a place to unload; the barge is turned away by several states and three countries until space is found back in Islip. On Mar. 24 French PM Jacques Chirac signs a contract with Walt Disney Productions for the creation of Disney Euro (Disneyland Paris), the first Disneyland amusement park in Europe. On Mar. 25, 1987 the U.S. Supreme (Rehnquist) Court rules 5-4 in Johnson v. Transportation Agency that Title VII of the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights act permits less qualified women to be promoted over men, and that employers may sometimes favor women and members of minority groups over men and whites in hiring and promotions in order to eliminate "manifest imbalance" in "traditionally seregated job categories", becoming the first SCOTUS case to address sex-based affirmative action in employment (until ?). On Mar. 29 Israeli PM Yitzhak Shamir is reelected chmn. of the right-wing Herut Party, the largest party in the Likud bloc governing Israel as part of a coalition. On Mar. 29 a bus plunges off a cliff in Shanxi Province, China, killing 19 and injuring 28. On Mar. 31 Max Headroom debuts on ABC-TV for 14 episodes (until May 5, 1988), about a future world run by TV networks, starring Matthew George "Matt" Frewer (1958-) as crusading journalist Max Headroom/Edison Carter, Jeffrey Tambor as his neurotic producer Murray, Amanda Pays as Theora Jones, and W. Morgan Sheppard as Blank Reg. On Mar. 31 the 59th Academy Awards in Los Angeles are hosted by Goldie Hawn, Chevy Chase, and Paul Hogan; best picture Oscar for 1986 goes to Orion's Platoon, along with best dir. to Oliver Stone; best actor goes to Paul Newman for The Color of Money, best actress to Marlee Matlin for Children of a Lesser God, and best supporting actor and actress to Michael Caine and Diane Wiest for Hannah and Her Sisters. On Mar. 31 the judge in the "Baby M" case in Hackensack, N.J. awards custody to her father William Stern instead of the surrogate mother Mary Beth Whitehead. In Mar. White House chief of staff Donald Regan resigns, and is replaced by U.S. Sen. (R-Tenn.) (1967-85) Howard Henry Baker Jr. (1925-), "the Great Conciliator" (until 1988), who sends trusty Repub. insider James M. Cannon (1918-) to check on Reagan, only to receive reports of how inept and lazy he is, refusing to read even short position papers, and how he ought to consider invoking the 25th Amendment to remove him for incompetence; when Baker reports for his first day, Reagan is back in shape, alert and chipper? - just a little bout with Oldtimers Disease? In Mar. Iran orders centrifuges for enriching uranium, authorized by PM (1981-9) Mir Hussein Mousavi. In Mar. the Navy's Blue Angels complete the phasing-out of their 20-y.-o. A-4F aircraft with the new McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet, and stage their first demo in May. On Apr. 1 in his first major speech on the AIDS epidemic, Pres. Reagan tells doctors in Philadelphia, "We've declared AIDS public health enemy number one". On Apr. 1 Steve Newman becomes the first man to walk around the world and be able to prove it. On Apr. 2 Congress overrides Pres. Reagans veto of a 5-year $87.5B highway construction and mass transit bill, and permits states to raise speed limits on rural interstates from 55 to 65 mph. On Apr. 3 stock prices rocket on Wall Street as the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. soars 69.89 points, ending the day at a record 2,390.34; on Apr. 6 it closes above 2400 for the first time. On Apr. 4 during a visit to Chile, Pope John Paul II denounces torture and pleads for reconciliation - this coming from the head of the church that gave us the Inquisition? On Apr. 4 the Socialist Repub. of Vietnam allows the ashes of Emperor Duy Tan (1899-1945) to be interred in Hue with all the old imperial pomp and splendor. On Apr. 5 the Schoharie Creek Bridge on I-90 near Amsterdam, N.Y. collapses, killing 10. On Apr. 5 Fox Broadcasting Co. makes its prime-time TV debut by airing the sex-drenched family comedy saga Married... With Children for 262 episodes (until June 9, 1997), created by Michael G. Moye and Ron Leavitt (based on "The Life of Riley" and "The Honeymooners"), about an atypical dysfunctional white Chicago family, starring Edward "Ed" O'Neill (1946-) (who is selected over Sam Kinison and Michael Richards) as poorly hygiened women's shoe salesman daddy Al Bundy (who once scored 4 TDs in a single game for Polk H.S. and won a college scholarship, then became another victim of the Bundy Curse and lost it, ending up working at Gary's Shoes in New Market Mall) ("Hooters hooters, yum yum yum, hooters hooters, on a girl that's dumb"), redhead Stiletto-heel-wearing inbred hillbilly spawn Katey Sagal (1954-) (after Roseanne Barr turns it down) as Margaret "Peggy" Bundy (nee Wanker), Christina Applegate (1971-) as gorgeous-but-dumb-and-promiscuous blonde daughter Kelly "Pumpkin" Bundy, and David Anthony Faustino (1947-) as intelligent unpopular girl-crazy Budrick Franklin "Bud" Bundy (named after Budweiser beer), who all live at 9764 Jeopardy Lane, Chicago, Ill. (phone #555-2878); they are named after wrestler King Kong Bundy, not serial killer Ted Bundy; Amanda Bearse (1958-) as Marcy D'Arcy (Rhoades), David Gene Garrison (1952-) (1987-90), and Theodore Martin "Ted" McGinley (1958-) (1991-7) play their Yuppie neighbors; it then airs The Tracey Ullman Show for 88 episodes (until May 26, 1990), which launches the animated series The Simpsons (which debuts as its own show on Dec. 17, 1989 for ? episodes until ?), showing each show 3x each, betting on the lower moral standards than the big three networks have attracting an audience; after suburban Detroit housewife Terry Rakolta organizes a viewer and sponsor boycott, Married With Children becomes a top 20 hit, giving the U.S. its new role model in a totally dysfunctional family that is satisfied with a life not worth living; Homer Simpson makes the word D'oh popular. On Apr. 6 Los Angeles Dodgers exec Al Campanis says on ABC's Nightline that blacks "may not have some of the necessities" to hold managerial jobs in ML baseball; on Apr. 8 after getting defecated all over publicly in the new world of political correctness (PC) in Amerika, he resigns. On Apr. 7 Chicago mayor #51 (since Apr. 29, 1984) Harold Washington handily wins a 2nd term, quashing a challenge by archrival Edward Vrdolyak; he serves until his sudden death on Nov. 25, 1987. On Apr. 9 responding to charges of bugging at the new U.S. Embassy in Moscow, Soviet officials display microphones and other gadgets they said were found in Soviet missions in the U.S. On Apr. 9 the Keating Five, five U.S. senators, incl. Dennis Webster DeConcini (1937-) (D-Ariz.) (1977-95), Alan MacGregor Cranston (1914-2000) (D-Calif.) (1969-93), John Sidney McCain III (1936-2018) (R-Ariz.) (1987-), John Herschel Glenn Jr. (1921-) (R-Ohio) (1974-99), and Donald Wayne "Don" Riegle Jr (1938-) (D-Mich.) (1976-95) meet with federal regulators over the case of savings & loan magnate Charles H. Keating, Jr., who is later indicted on racketeering and fraud charges over his Lincoln Savings and Loan Assoc., which collapses in 1989, costing the U.S. govt. $3B, causing charges of improperly intervening after $1.3 in political contributions by him to them are discovered; in 1991 the Senate Ethics Committee reprimands Cranston, but only finds Glenn and McCain guilty of "poor judgment". On Apr. 10 Pres. Reagan writes a Letter to Mikhail Gorbachev, asking to eliminate the "fundamental distrust between our governments" in order to reach agreements on arms reductions, human rights, and Afghanistan. On Apr. 11 invoking emergency powers, the govt. of South Africa outlaws any action, word, or written document protesting the practice of detention without trials or calling for the release of detainees. On Apr. 12 an election leads to the first Indian-dominated govt. in Fiji, which is now over 40% Indian; a military coup on May 14 led by Maj. Gen. Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka (1948-) is followed by a bipartisan govt. on Sept. 22, followed by a 2nd coup on Sept. 25; on Oct. 7 Rabuka declares Fiji a repub. - watch my two left feet? On Apr. 12 21 Jump Street debuts on Fox Network for 103 episodes (until Apr. 27, 1991), starring teen idol John Christopher "Johnny" Depp II (1963-) as officer Tom Hanson (after Josh Brolin was passed over), Peter John DeLuise (1966-) as officer Douglas "Doug" Penhall, Holly Elizabeth Robinson Peete (1964-) as officer Judith "Judy" Hoffs, Dustin Nguyen (1962-) as officer Harry Truman Loki, and Steven Williams (1949-) as Capt. Adam Fuller. On Apr. 13 U.S. Sen. (D-Colo.) (1975-87) Gary Warren Hart (Hartpence) (1936-) announces his bid for the 1988 Dem. pres. nomination - there goes the living room, there goes the bedroom? On Apr. 13 South Korean dictator Chun Doo-hwan bars al public discussion of amendments to the constitution, flip-flopping on his agreement last Apr. to a dialogue; after his ally Gen. Roh Tae-woo is announced as the Dem. Repub. Party candidate for pres. on June 10, street fighting erupts in Seoul. On Apr. 14 U.S. secy. of state George P. Shultz meets at the Kremlin with Soviet leader Gorbachev, who proposes the elimination of short-range nukes in East Germany and Czech. as part of an arms control agreement with the U.S. On Apr. 15 a jury in Northampton, Mass. finds Amy Carter, Abbie Hoffman, and 13 other protesters innocent of charges stemming from a demonstration against CIA recruiters at the U. of Mass. On Apr. 16 the FCC puts broadcasters on notice that it will impose a broader definition of indecency over the airwaves. On Apr. 16 Saddam Hussein's holy goons bombard the Kurdish village of Sheik Wasan and the nearby village of Basilan, becoming the first time his regime uses chemical weapons on Iraqi citizens; this year and next 180K Kurds in N Iraq are killed in genocidal Operation Anfal, launched in the final months of the war with Iran, using mustard and nerve gas to wipe out Kurds for alleged Iranian ties, masterminded by Saddam's 1st cousin Ali Hassan Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (1941-2010), AKA "Chemical Ali", chief of Iraqi intel. On Apr. 16 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 39/248 is adopted, promulgating the U.N. Guidelines for Consumer Protection (UNGCP), "a valuable set of principles for setting out the main characteristics of effective consumer protection legislation, enforcement institutions and redress systems and for assisting interested Member States in formulating and enforcing domestic and regional laws, rules and regulations that are suitable to their own economic and social and environmental circumstances, as well as promoting international enforcement cooperation among Member States and encouraging the sharing of experiences in consumer protection"; they are expanded by U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 70/186 on Dec. 22, 2015. On Apr. 17 Pres. Reagan slaps $300M in punitive duties on imported Japanese imports, incl. computers, TVs and power tools in retaliation for Japan's alleged violation of a computer chip trade agreement. On Apr. 17-19 the XVII Annual Nat. Convention of the American Atheists, headed by Madalyn Murray O'Hair is held in Denver, Colo., speaking from the famed steps of the State Capitol at exactly 5,280 ft. alt.; within weeks (May 1) she sends out a frantic begging letter, claiming "cash flow problems", that she is being sued in an effort to "bring the Center down", and asking donators to pay for their own postage. On Apr. 18 Pres. Reagan uses his weekly radio address to express hope that the superpowers can reach an agreement to sharply reduce the threat of intermediate-range nuclear weapons. On Apr. 19 the last free-flying condor in Calif., a 19-lb. 7-y.-o. male is captured; he is released in 2002. On Apr. 19 Argentine pres. Raul Alfonsin obtains the surrender of dozens of armed rebel soldiers who had been holed up at a military base for three days. On Apr. 20 the U.S. deports innocent-looking-not Karl Linnas (1914-87) to the Soviet Union, where he had been convicted in absentia of Nazi war crimes at the Tartu, Estonia concentration camp and given a death sentence; proclaiming his innocence, he dies of heart disease in Leningrad on July 2, 1987 while awaiting trial. On Apr. 21 the Senate panel investigating the Iran-Contra Affair votes to grant limited immunity to Pres. Reagan's former nat. security advisor Rear Adm. John Marian Poindexter (1936-). On Apr. 21 in Sri Lanka the Tamil Tigers explode a car bomb at Colombo's main bus terminal, killing 113. On Apr. 22 Joe Hunt (Joseph Gamsky), leader of the Billionaire Boys Club is convicted by a jury in Santa Monica, Calif. of murdering con man Ron Levin in 1984; he gets life in prison. On Apr. 22 the U.S. Supreme (Rehnquist) Court rules in 5-4 in McClesky v. Kemp to uphold the death penalty for Warren McClesky, a black man convicted of armed robbery and murder, becaue a mere "racially disproportionate impact" found in a comprehensive scientific study of the Ga. death penalty is not enough to overturn the verdict without showing a "racially discriminatory purpose", pissing-off legal scholars, who call it one of the worst Supreme Court decisions since WWII, with Anthony Lewis claiming that it "effectively condoned the expression of racism in a profound aspect of our law, and Anthony G. Amsterdam calling it "the Dred Scott decision of our time"; later Justice Lewis Powell calls it the one case in which he'd like to change his vote; dissenting Justice William J. Brennan Jr. writes the soundbyte: "Those whom we would banish from society or from the human community itself often speak in too faint a voice to be heard above society's demand for punishment. It is the particular role of courts to hear these voices, for the Constitution declares that the majoritarian chorus may not alone dictate the conditions of social life", and: "The Court next states that its unwillingness to regard petitioner's evidence as sufficient is based in part on the fear that recognition of McCleskey's claim would open the door to widespread challenges to all aspects of criminal sentencing... Taken on its face, such a statement seems to suggest a fear of too much justice." On Apr. 23 28 construction workers are killed when La Ambiance Plaza apt. complex in Bridgeport, Conn. collapses. On Apr. 24 18 incl. 12 U.S. military personnel are injured when a roadside bomb explodes in the Greek port of Piraeus; the guerrilla group November 17 claims responsibility. On Apr. 24 Orthodox Catholic (atheist?) Serbian nationalist leader Slobodan Milosevic (1941-2006) addresses 15K Serbs and Montenegrins in Kosovo Polje, and the police use rubber truncheons, causing Milosevic to tell them "You will not be beaten" and "No one should dare to beat you again", which is later taken as "the end of Yugoslavia"; in Dec. Milosevic stages a palace coup and purges Pres. Ivan Stambolic over his moderate treatment of ethnic mainly Muslim Albanians. On Apr. 25 (Sat.) the Mobilization for Justice & Peace in Central America & Southern Africa sees ? march down Constitution Ave., past the White House, and to the W steps of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.; speakers incl. Rev. Jesse Jackson and actor Ed Asner; music is provided by Jackson Browne, and Peter, Paul and Mary; the first time that religious and union leaders join to protest U.S. foreign policy?'; it is timed to prevent U.S. aid to the Nicaraguan Contras? On Apr. 25 rapist Larry Singleton (d. 2001) is paroled from Calif. State Prison near Chico after serving just over half his 14-year sentence, after which a furor erupts and state officials settle him in a trailer on the grounds of San Quentin State Prison. On Apr. 27 the U.S. Justice Department places Austrian Pres. Kurt Josef Waldheim (1918-2007) on its watch list, barring him from entering the U.S., claiming he aided in the deportation and execution of thousands of Jews and others as a German Army officer during World War II. On Apr. 28 Contra rebels in Nicaragua kill Benjamin Ernest Linder, a U.S. engineer working on a hydroelectric project for the Sandinista govt. On Apr. 30 Pres. Reagan welcomes Japanese PM Yasuhiro Nakasone to the White House. On Apr. 30 conservative U.S. education secy. (1985-8) William John Bennett (1943-) calls for mandatory AIDS testing for several groups of people incl. hospital patients and prison inmates. On Apr. 30 Pope John Paul II begins a 5-day visit to West Germany; on May 1 he beatifies German Jewish Carmelite nun Edith Stein (1891-1942), who was gassed at Auschwitz; she is canonized as St. Teresia Benedicta of the Cross in 1998; on May 4 he ends his visit with a call for religious freedom in the Soviet bloc and praise for those who had opposed the "mass hysteria and propaganda" of the Nazi era. In Apr. an internal U.S. EPA memo warns that the gasoline additive MTBE has a tendency to separate from gasoline and leak into groundwater. On May 3 the Miami Herald reports on a young woman, later identified as Miami model Donna Rice (1958-), who cruised aboard the yacht Monkey Business with Dem. pres. candidate Gary Hart and spent "Friday night and most of Saturday" at a Washington, D.C. townhouse belonging to him; on May 6 he holds a news conference in Hanover, N.H. in which he denies ever having an affair with her, but declines to admit ever committing adultery when asked by Washington Post reporter Paul Taylor; on May 7 he puts his campaign on hold and flies home to Denver to be with his wife and family, then withdraws from the race on May 8. On May 5 the Congressional Iran-Contra hearings open with former USAF Maj. Gen. Richard V. Secord (1932-) as the first witness; his Stanford Technology Trading Group Internat. AKA the Enterprise was involved with arms sales to Iran during the Reagan admin. On May 5 the U.S. federal govt. begins a yearlong amnesty program, offering citizenship to illegal immigrants who meet certain conditions. On May 6 CIA dir. William Casey (b. 1913), who suffered a stroke on Dec. 15, 1986 shortly after the Iran-Contra Affair went public dies on May 6 of brain cancer, mum to the end; former FBI dir. (1978-87) William Hedgcock Webster (1924-) becomes CIA dir. #14 (until 1991) after Robert Gates of Kan. is passed over for allegedly knowing more about the Iran-Contra Affair than he admitted. On May 6 the bldg. housing the Congress of South African Trade Unions is bombed under orders of the apartheid govt. of South Africa. On May 16 a bus carrying univ. student and teachers crashes into a mountain near Kanchanaburi, Thailand, killing 20 and injuring 29. On May 9 all 183 people aboard a New York-bound chartered Polish jetliner are killed when it crashes and burns in Warsaw after the pilot attempts an emergency return. On May 10 Pres. Reagan visits Tuskegee U., one of the nation's oldest black educational institutions, where he tells graduating seniors his administration "won't be satisfied until every American who wants a job has a job and is earning a decent living". The Original House, M.D.? On May 11 in a medical first, doctors in Baltimore transplant the heart and lungs of an auto accident victim to Clinton House, who gave up his own heart to a 2nd recipient; House, the nation's first living "heart swapper" dies 14 months later. On May 11 former National Security Adviser Robert C. "Bud" McFarlane begins testifying at the Iran-Contra hearings. On May 11 British PM Margaret Thatcher calls for a gen. election on June 11. Your favorites are back? On May 11 the trial of former Nazi Gestapo SS chief (in Lyons) Klaus Barbie (1913-91) begins in Lyons, France; on July 4 he is sentenced to life for war crimes, and remains unrepentant. On May 12 Israeli PM Yitzhak Shamir rejects foreign minister Shimon Peres' proposal for an internat. Middle East peace conference, calling it "perverse and criminal". On May 13 Pres. Reagan says his personal diary confirms that he'd talked with Saudi Arabia's King Fahd about Saudi help for the Nicaraguan Contras at a time when Congress banned military aid, but said he did not solicit secret contributions. On May 14 the Commerce Department reports that the U.S. trade deficit had narrowed in March to $13.6B. On May 15 Pres. Reagan tells a gathering of out-of-town reporters at the White House that he did not consider himself "mortally wounded" by the Iran-Contra Affair. On May 17 Iraqi missiles attack the frigate USS Stark in the Persian Gulf, killing 37; Iraqi pres. Saddam Hussein apologizes. On May 18 Ore.-born U.S. Sen. (D-Ill.) (1985-97) Paul Martin Simon (1928-3003) (known for wearing horn-rimmed glasses and a bowtie) enters the 1988 U.S. pres. race - where's Garfunkel? On May 22 a deadly tornado devastates the small W Tex. town of Saragosa, Tex., killing 30 and injuring 162. On May 24 (Sun. of Memorial Day Weekend) the Rolling Thunder veterans' motorcycle advocacy group for POWs and MIAs makes its first annual Run to the Wall to the Vietnam War Memorial in Washington, D.C.; by 2001 it draws 200K motorcyles, growing to 350K in 2008, and 500K in 2018. On May 24 250K crowd onto San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge to celebrate its 50th birthday a few days before the actual anniv. On May 25 a jury in New York acquits former U.S. labor secy. Raymond J. Donovan and seven other construction executives of fraud and grand larceny. On May 26 former PTL leader Jim Bakker tells ABC's Nightline that he had made a "terrible mistake" in turning control of the ministry over to the Rev. Jerry Falwell, accusing the latter of misleading him; on May 27 Falwell denies this. On May 26 John E. Otto (1938-) becomes acting dir. of the FBI; on Sept. 25 the Senate unanimously approves the nomination of Judge William Steele Sessions (1930-), who takes office on Nov. 2 as FBI dir. #4 (until July 19, 1993). On May 28 19-y.-o. West German amateur pilot Mathias Rust (1968-) stuns the world by landing his private plane on Vasilevski Spusk next to Moscow's Red Square after evading the vaunted Soviet air defenses; he is sentenced to eight years but is released in Aug. after 18 mo.; on May 30 Soviet defense minister (since 1984) Field Marshal Sergei Leonidovich Sokolov (1911-2012) and the chief of Soviet air defenses are fired for the screwup. On May 29 a jury in Los Angeles finds Twilight Zone (1983) movie dir. John Landis (1950-) and four associates innocent of involuntary manslaughter in the movie set heli deaths of actor Vic Morrow and two children while filming. In May in Kashmir the motorcade of Indian chief minister (1982-) Farooq Abdullah (1937-) (son of Sheikh Abdullah) is attacked on the way to a mosque. In May elections are held in the Philippines for the house and senate, and a new 1987 Philippines Constitution is ratified; meanwhile Corazon Aquino sidesteps a number of coup attempts, while the country assumes a new look of constantly-changing political alliances and factional struggles; Aquino negotiates with Mindanao Muslims over the autonomy question. In May tenor Placido Domingo leads a cast from the Opera Co. of Verona, Italy in a rendition of Verdi's 1871 "Aida" in Luxor, Egypt. On June 1 Beastie Boy Adam Horowitz is freed on bail after being charged with assaulting a fan during a concert in Liverpool, England - you gotta fight for your right to party? On June 1 the 20th anniv. of the release of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is marked by the release of the CD in the U.K., causing a mild resurgence of Beatlemania. On June 1 Vice-Pres. George H.W. Bush addresses the Third Internat. Conference on AIDS in Washington, D.C., and, like Pres. Reagan before him, draws scattered boos by calling for "urgency, not panic", and more widespread testing for possible carriers of the virus. On June 2 Pres. Reagan announces that he is nominating economist Alan Greenspan (1926-) to succeed Paul Volcker as chmn. of the Federal Reserve Board; on Aug. 11 he becomes chmn. #13 (until Jan. 31, 2006). On June 3 Pres. Reagan arrives in Italy to prepare for the 13th summit of leaders of seven major industrialized democracies in Venice; on June 5 he calls for an end to govt. agriculture subsidies by the year 2000 in a televised address carried in Europe by the U.S. Information Agency; the summit is held June 8-10. On June 4 the Congressional Iran-Contra Committee votes to grant limited immunity to former Nat. Security Council aide Oliver L. North following an appeal by independent counsel Lawrence E. Walsh to reject immunity. On June 6 Roman Catholic U.S. Pres. Reagan meets with Pope John Paul II in the Vatican. On June 6 a fire at a retirement home in Higashimurayama, Japan kills 17 of 74 residents. On June 8-9 Fawn Hall (1959-) testifies at the Iran-Contra hearings, describing how, as secy. to nat. security aide Oliver L. North she helped shred some documents and spirit away others - a fine haul? On June 9 Sen. Joseph R. Biden Jr. of Del. announces his candidacy for the Dem. U.S. pres. nomination. On June 10 in Calif. the Nuremberg Actions, a protest over U.S. arms shipments to Central Am. begins at the Concord Naval Weapons Station. On June 11 after her big V in the Falklands, Margaret Thatcher wins a rare 3rd term as British PM in a landslide V, becoming the first 3rd term in 100 years since Lord Salisbury in 1895, and the first three consecutive gen. elections since Robert Banks Jenkinson, earl of Liverpool in 1812-27, becoming the 2nd biggest defeat for the Labour Party since 1918, despite hiring Hugh Hudson, dir. of the 1981 film "Chariots of Fire" to produce its TV commercials. On June 12 Pres. Reagan visits the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, and issues his historic Tear Down This Wall Speech: "General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization, come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" On June 13 the last regularly scheduled episode of A Prairie Home Companion, starring humorist Garrison Keillor is broadcast from the Old World Theater in St. Paul, Minn. On June 15 the U.S. Supreme Court by 5-4 in Booth v. Md. strikes down a Md. law allowing use of victim impact statements at sentencing hearings of a capital case. On June 18 Charles Glass (1951-), a journalist on leave from ABC News is kidnapped in Lebanon b Shiite militants; he escapes in Aug. after 62 days, becoming the first Western hostage to escape (until ?). On June 19 the U.S. Supreme (Rehnquist) Court rules 7-2 in Edwards v. Aguillard that equal time in public schools for Creation Science along with Darwinian Evolutionary Theory violates the First Amendment Establishment Clause, but that "teaching a variety of scientific theories about the origins of humankind to school children might be validly done with the clear secular intent of enhancing the effectiveness of scientific instruction", giving an opening to the Intelligent Design proponents; in support of the decision, amicus briefs are filed by 72 Nobel Prize winning scientists, 17 state academies of science, and seven other scientific orgs; dissenters incl. Justices William Rehnquist and Antonin Scalia. On June 20 Saddam Hussein signs a decree ordering "special artillery bombs to kill as many people as possible" in the Kuridsh area of N Iraq, "special" meaning chemical weapons such as mustard and nerve gas. On June 20-21 tens of thousands of riot police in South Korea clash with demonstrators protesting against Pres. Chun Doo-hwan. On June 23 the Iran-Contra hearings resume with testimony from former CIA employee Glenn A. Robinette, who says he installed a $14K security system at the home of Lt. Col. Oliver North, then helped make it appear that North had paid for the work. On June 25 Pope John Paul II receives crypto-Nazi Austrian pres. Kurt Waldheim in the Vatican - will you marry me? On June 25 younger more energetic Karoly Grosz (1930-96) succeeds old fart Gyorgy Lazar as Hungarian PM (until 1990). On June 26 U.S. Supreme Court Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. announces his retirement, leaving a vacancy that is later filled by Anthony M. Kennedy. On June 27 the White House announces that a final analysis of two polyps removed from Pres. Reagan's colon reveals them as benign. On June 28 U.S. secy. of state George P. Shultz says he had found some of the recent revelations about the Iran-Contra Affair "sickening," but he defends the Reagan admin.'s foreign policy. On June 29 U.S. Sen. Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (b. 1943) (D-Tenn.) announces his candidacy for the U.S. presidency, becoming the first Vietnam vet to seek the presidency for a major party; if elected he would be the youngest pres. to date. On June 29 Roh Tae-woo surprises govt. critics by announcing an Eight-Point Reform Plan, rohtaewooing, er, restoring human and political rights, and freeing political prisoners; Chun Doo-hwan accepts it on July 1 (probably because of the upcoming Summer Olympics); on Oct. 27 the nat. assembly ratifies a new 1987 South Korean Constitution (revision of the July 17, 1948 constitution), establishing direct pres. elections and other dem. reforms. In June prominent politicians in Argentina receive a letter with a message that robbers had made off with the hands of Gen. Juan Peron (d. 1974), and demand $8M for their return; no deal is made. In June at a plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev reintroduces the old Marxist-Leninist terms Perestroika (restructuring) and Glasnost (openness) to a new generation wanting to know how the teetering economy is to be fixed; Russian economist and Politburo member Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev (1923-2005) is the driving force behind it all, causing him to be called "God's Commie" and "the Godfather of Glasnost"; in 1973 Canadian PM Pierre Trudeau named him son after him when he was Soviet ambassador to Canada; after the Soviet Union falls, Yakovlav becomes an outspoken anti-Communist and gets labeled a traitor by most Russians. On July 1 after Lewis Powell retires on June 27, Pres. Reagan ignores warnings from Dems., the ACLU et al. and nominates conservative "original intent of the framers" champion federal appeals court judge Robert Heron Bork (1927-2012) (pro-executive supremacy, anti-civil rights incl. right to privacy) to the U.S. Supreme Court, causing Sen. Ted Kennedy to give a speech in the Senate lying like hell about him: "Robert Bork's America is a land in which women would be forced into back-alley abortions, blacks would sit at segregated lunch counters, rogue police could break down citizens' doors in midnight raids, schoolchildren could not be taught about evolution, writers and artists could be censored at the whim of the Government, and the doors of the Federal courts would be shut on the fingers of millions of citizens for whom the judiciary is - and is often the only - protector of the individual rights that are the heart of our democracy... President Reagan is still our president, but he should not be able to reach out from the muck of Irangate, reach into the muck of Watergate and impose his reactionary vision of the Constitution on the Supreme Court and the next generation of Americans. No justice would be better than this injustice", causing Bork to reply: "There was not a line in that speech that was accurate"; on Sept. 15-19 Bork tells the Senate Judiciary Committee, led by Del. Dem. Sen. Joe Biden that his philosophy is "neither liberal nor conservative" and that he would "interpret the law and not make it"; Biden leads the opposition to Bork in the Senate, baiting him into airing his politically controversial views in dense legalise, esp. Griswold v. Conn., which legalized contraceptives for married people, which plays in his hands; on Oct. 2 despite Pres. Reagan's attempts to strongarm them, more Dem. sens. line up against Bork; on Oct. 6 the Senate Judiciary Committee votes 9-5 against his nomination; on Oct. 9, his rejection by the Senate a virtual certainty, he angrily tells reporters that he will not ask that his nomination be withdrawn; on Oct. 23 the U.S. Senate rejects him by 58-42, launching a new era of political wars over the judiciary - which is conservative by definition? On July 1 Prince Charles visits London slums to raise the nation's consciousness about inner-city poverty. On July 1 Hungary passes new marriage and divorce laws, raising the marriageable age of women from 16 to 18, raising the waiting period from 1 to 3 mo., and insuring equal rights and responsibilities of divorced parents. On July 2 18 illegal immigrants are found dead inside a locked boxcar near Sierra Blanca, Tex. in a botched smuggling attempt; a 19th man survives. On July 2-3 English adventurer Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (1950-) and Swedish adventurer Per Lindstrand (1948-) make the first transatlantic hot air balloon flight, going 3,075 mi. (4,920km). from Va. to Ireland in 31 hours 41 min. On July 4 promoter Bill Graham takes Santana, the not-really-brothers Doobie Brothers, and Bonnie Raitt to Moscow for a U.S.-Soviet Interdependence Peace Concert. On July 6 the first of three massacres by Sikh extremists over two days takes place in Punjab and Haryana as gunmen attack a bus with Hindu passengers, killing 72. Bring on the main act, Ollie the Clown? On July 7-14 Lt. Col. Oliver "Ollie" North testifies before U.S. Congressional committees investigating the Iran-Contra scandal, telling Congress that he had "never carried out a single act, not one" without authorization; on July 9 he admits he shredded evidence to coverup his role in the affair; on July 10 he fingers CIA dir. William J. Casey. On July 7 a gasoline truck crashes into an ice cream parlor in Herborn, Hesse, Germany, killing 30 and injuring 29. On July 8 Katharine Dickson "Kitty" Dukakis (1936-), wife of Michael S. Dukakis reveals that she's been addicted to amphetamines for 26 years but had sought help and is drug-free; she later admits to alcohol dependence and enters a recovery program after being hospitalized for drinking rubbing alcohol; during the pres. campaign next year rumors are spread by Repub. strategist Lee Atwater that she burned a U.S. flag during a Vietnam War protest. On July 11 Australian PM (since 1983) Bob Hawke wins a 3rd consecutive term, becoming the first Labour Party leader in Australian history - he has to keep up with Thatcher, doesn't he? On July 12 for the first time in 20 years, a delegation of Soviet diplomats arrives in Israel for what is described as a "technical mission" to document Soviet citizens and make an inventory of Soviet property. On July 13 jury selection begins for the perjury trial of Pres. Reagan's former aide and longtime confidant Michael K. Deaver; he is later convicted. On July 15 former Nat. Security Adviser John Poindexter testifies at the Iran-Contra hearings that he had never told Pres. Reagan about using Iranian arms sales money (from Iranian arms dealer Manuchar Ghorbanifar et al.) for the Contras in order to protect the pres. from possible political embarrassment - plausible deniability? On July 16 former Reagan White House political dir. Franklyn C. "Lyn" Nofziger (1924-2006) is charged with six counts of violating federal ethics laws during his lobbynig for defense contractor Wedtech Corp.; his conviction is overturned on appeal. On July 17 10 teenagers are killed when raging floodwaters from the Guadalupe River near Comfort, Tex. sweep away a church bus and van holding 43 people. On July 18 Pres. Reagan uses his weekly radio address to call on Congress to give more aid to the Nicaraguan Contras. On July 18 Molly Yard (1912-2005) is elected pres. of the Nat. Org. for Women (NOW) (until 1991), succeeding Eleanor Smeal, fighting against the Bork nomination and the Persian Gulf War, which she claims is being fought for "clan-run monarchies". On July 20 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 598 to approve a U.S.-sponsored resolution demanding an end to the Persian Gulf War between Iraq and Iran, a move supported by Iraq but dismissed by Iran; it also requests the U.N. secy.-gen. to send a team of observers to monitor the ceasfire, effective Aug. 8, 1988. On July 21 defying a threatened veto by Pres. Reagan, the Senate approves a trade bill containing a provision requiring cos. to give a 60-day notice to employees of impending plant closings and large-scale layoffs; Reagan vetoes the bill, but ends up allowing a separate plant-closing notice measure to become law. On July 22 the U.S. begins its policy of escorting reflagged Kuwaiti tankers up and down the Persian Gulf to protect them from possible attack by Iran; on July 24 the reflagged Kuwaiti supertanker MV Bridgeton (launched Aug. 14, 1976) is damaged after hitting an Iranian mine near Farsi Island in the Persian Gulf; on July 26 U.S. defense secy. Caspar Weinberger says that the Navy's anti-mine capabilities in the Persian Gulf will be improved, and in Sept. Iran Ajr (built 1978) is discovered laying mines and captured and scuttled by U.S forces. On July 24 Tamil Tiger leader Velupillai Prabhakaran arrives in India to sign a peace agreement with Sri Lankan pres. Junius Richard Jayewardene. On July 24 the U.S. launches Operation Earnest Will to reflag Kuwaiti oil tankers going through the Persian Gulf to protect them from Iranian attacks (ends Sept. 26, 1988), becoming the first direct use of U.S. military force to protect the Persian Gulf. On July 26 the Nat. Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in Atlanta, Ga. releases a study proving that miners have the highest fatality rate, 30.1 per 100K workers per year; the safest is wholesale trade, at only 1 per 100K workers per year. On July 27 retired Ohio autoworker John Demjanjuk, accused of being the sadistic Nazi guard known as Ivan the Terrible testifies at his trial in Jerusalem that he is "not the hangman you're after". On July 28 U.S. atty.-gen. Edwin Meese tells the congressional Iran-Contra committees that Pres. Reagan was "quite surprised" the previous Nov. when Meese told him about the diversion of Iran arms sales profits for use by the Contra rebels. On July 28 Christian Dem. Giovanni Giuseppe Goria (1943-94) becomes PM #69 of Italy (until Apr. 13, 1988), heading a 5-party coalition promising spending cuts in the the nat. budget. On July 29 the Indo-Lanka Peace Accord is signed; 70K Indian peacekeeper troops are sent to Sri Lanka to disarm militants. On July 30 former White House Chief of Staff Donald T. Regan tells the Iran-Contra congressional committees that he had repeatedly urged Pres. Reagan to break off arms sales to Iran. On July 30 50K Indian troops arrive in Jaffna to enforce the peace pact. On July 30 a bus crashes into the Yanto Canal outside Dakpatthar, Uttar Pradesh, India, killing 39. On July 31 Iranian pilgrims and riot police clash in the Muslim holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, killing 400; on Aug. 1 Iranians attack the Saudi Arabian and Kuwaiti embassies in Tehran as word spreads; on Aug. 2 1M people gather in Tehran, calling for the overthrow of the sheiks of Saudi Arabia. On July 30 Pres. Reagan directs surgeon gen. C. Everett Koop to prepare a Report on Abortion's Effect on Women, which he balks at, telling his staff on Jan. 10, 1989 to drop it, but they release the report under his name anyway, claiming that induced abortion is safe. In July the South Korean stock market hits a low. On Aug. 3 the Iran-Contra congressional hearings end, with none of the 29 witnesses tying the big target Pres. Reagan directly to the diversion of arms sales profits to Nicaraguan rebels. On Aug. 4 the FCC votes 4-0 to rescind the 1949 Fairness Doctrine, which required radio and TV stations to present balanced coverage of controversial issues; the 1927 Equal Time Rule for political candidates stays in effect (until ?). On Aug. 5 Pres. Reagan announces that his admin. has reached a "general agreement" with leaders of Congress on a new Central Am. peace plan, and that Nicaraguan Pres. Daniel Ortega has offered to discuss the proposal. On Aug. 5 in Sri Lanka Tamil Tigers begin to surrender their weapons to the Indian army, but later renege and begin to fight the Indians. On Aug. 6 Pres. Reagan's new Central America peace initiative runs into problems as the U.S. and Nicaragua openly disagree on procedures for a negotiated settlement. On Aug. 7 the presidents of five Central Am. nations, meeting in Guatemala City sign an 11-point agreement designed to bring peace to their region. On Aug. 8 in the Persian Gulf a Navy F-14 Tomcat fighter fires two missiles at an Iranian jet approaching an unarmed U.S. scout plane; the missiles miss and the plane retreats. On Aug. 9 independent counsel Lawrence E. Walsh, vowing to investigate the Iran-Contra Affair "vigorously but fairly", tells a meeting of the Am. Bar Assoc. in San Francisco that he would not be deterred by the "popularity of persons involved". On Aug. 10 Pres. Reagan announces that he will nominate retired steel co. exec Calvin William Verity Jr. (1917-2007) to replace the late Malcolm Baldrige as U.S. commerce secy.; he takes office on Oct. 19 (until Jan. 30, 1989). On Aug. 11 Britain and France order minesweepers to the Persian Gulf, but claim they will not be used in combined operations as U.S. ships escort reflagged Kuwaiti ships. On Aug. 12 Pres. Reagan addresses the nation on the Iran-Contra Affair, saying his former nat. security advisor John Poindexter was wrong not to have told him about the diversion of Iran arms sale money - is this a lie or is Alzheimer's already setting in? On Aug. 13 U.S. Army Pvt. Ralph W. Myers (1954-) almost collides in his rented Piper Cherokee airplane with Pres. Reagan's heli in restricted airspace in Rancho del Cielo (near Santa Barbara), Calif.; he is later indicted for lying to govt. agents about the incident. On Aug. 13 on the 5th anniv. of a bull market, the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 2,691.49 after briefly surpassing 2,700. On Aug. 14 the govt. reports that the U.S. merchandise trade deficit has soared to $15.7B in June 1987. On Aug. 14 Jewish-Am. comedian Joan River's husband, British producer Edgar Rosenberg (b. 1925) commits suicide - one joke too many? On Aug. 15 thousands of people march past the grave of Elvis Presley in Memphis, Tenn. as they begin an all-night vigil marking the 10th anniversary of the death of their king. On Aug. 16 Northwest Airlines Flight 255 (MD-82) crashes during takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport after hitting a freeeway overpass, killing 154 of 155 board, plus two on the ground; the sole survivor is 4-y.-o. Cecelia Cichan (1983-). On Aug. 16-17 the Harmonic Convergence globally-synchronized meditation is organized by Jose (Joseph Anthony) Aruguelles (1939-2011) of Sedona, Ariz., timed with the Mayan Calendar and an unusual alignment of eight planets called a Grand Trine corresponding to "a great shift in the Earth's energy from warlike to peaceful", which Shirley MacLaine calls a "window of light", and is celebrated by thousands of people worldwide who believe it heralds the start of the New Age of Humanity. On Aug. 17 Rudolf Hess (b. 1894), the last member of Adolf Hitler's inner circle dies at a Berlin hospital near Spandau Prison at age 93, having apparently committed suicide by strangling (hanging) himself with an electrical cord; his family claims that he was murdered. On Aug. 18 Am. journalist Charles Glass escapes his kidnappers in Beirut after 62 days in captivity. On Aug. 19 a 3rd convoy of U.S. warships and reflagged Kuwaiti tankers slip into the Persian Gulf before dawn and head up the waterway behind a screen of mine-seeking helis. On Aug. 19 27-y.-o. Michael Robert Ryan (1960-), AKA the Hungerford Murderer uses a Chinese-made AK-47 and other guns to shoot and kill 16 incl. his mother in the quiet country town of Hungerford in Berkshire, England (pop. 5K), then kills himself after police surround him in a local school, becoming the worst massacre in modern British history (until Mar. 13, 1996); on Sept. 22 home secy. Douglas Hurd pounces, er, announces that he will ban the sale of all multiple-fire weapons as well as shortened-barrel guns. On Aug. 20 a federal appeals court in Washington, D.C. rejects Lt. Col. Oliver North's argument that the independent counsel investigating the Iran-Contra Affair was operating under an invalid Justice Department regulation. On Aug. 22 the supertanker Bridgeton and three other reflagged Kuwaiti tankers leave Kuwait under U.S. escort and safely clear Persian Gulf waters. On Aug. 23 seven Dem. pres. hopefuls trade gentle barbs at a debate in Des Moines, Iowa, with Mass. Gov. Michael S. Dukakis repeatedly called upon to defend his claims of economic revival in his state. On Aug. 25 Saudi Arabia denounces Iran's govt. as a "group of terrorists", and says its forces would deal firmly with any Iranian attempts to attack the Saudis' Muslim holy places or oilfields. On Aug. 26 in an attempt to eliminate a superpower stumbling block, West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl says his country will destroy its 72 Pershing 1A rockets if Washington and Moscow scrap all their intermediate-range nuclear weapons. On Aug. 26 the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is signed by 46 nations, effective Aug. 26, 1989, calling for a 50% reduction in the use of all substances responsible for ozone layer depletion esp. chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) by the year 2000; 197 U.N. members eventually ratify it; the ozone layer depletion stops by 1995, and is projected to return to 1980 levels in 2050-2070. On Aug. 28 a fire damages the Arcadia, Fla. home of Ricky, Robert, and Randy Ray, three hemophiliac brothers infected with the AIDS virus whose court-ordered school attendance sparked a local uproar; the family soon moves to Sarasota. On Aug. 30 a redesigned space shuttle booster is test-fired near Brigham City, Utah. On Aug. 31 the U.S. Justice Dept. challenges the constitutionality of the 1978 U.S. Ethics in Government Act, which provides for the appointment of independent counsels; the Supreme Court upholds the law. In Aug. the U.S. stock market begins a 2-mo. decline of 41%. On Sept. 1 in Calif. Vietnam vet S. Brian Wilson has his legs sliced off by a munitions train at the Concord Naval Weapons Station during the Nuremberg Actions protest against weapons shipments to Central Am. On Sept. 1 after Jewish leaders meet with Pope John Paul II at Castel Gandolfo, it is announced that an Apology for the Holocaust will be released, which is done on Mar. 16, 1998. On Sept. 5 in his weekly radio address Pres. Reagan urges U.S. workers to shun protectionist legislation and "meet the competition head-on". On Sept. 5 an Israeli air raid on the Ain al-Hilwah Palestinian refugee camp near the S Lebanese port town of Sidon kills 41 and wounds 40; on Dec. 1 the Israelis release more bombs near Sidon, wounding three. On Sept. 6 doctors at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Md. led by Benjamin Solomon "Ben" Carson (1951-) succeed in separating 7-mo.-old conjoined twins Benjamin Binder (1987-) and Patrick Binder (1987-) from Ulm, West Germany (who were joined at the head) after 22 hours of surgery. On Sept. 7 Erich Honecker becomes the first East German head of state to visit West Germany as he arrives for a 5-day visit. On Sept. 8 former Dem. pres. candidate Gary Hart admits during an interview on ABC-TV's Nightline that he had committed adultery and said he had no plans to resume his White House bid. On Sept. 9, appearing before Pres. Reagan's special commission on AIDS, U.S. surgeon gen. (1982-9) C. Everett Koop denounces doctors and other health workers who refuse to treat AIDS patients, calling them a "fearful and irrational minority". On Sept. 9 a parked tank car containing butadiene ignites in the New Orleans, La. area; in 1997 a jury awards $3.4B in punitive damages to 8K people who claim to have suffered mental and physical injuries. On Sept. 10 Pope John Paul II arrives in Miami, Fla. where he is welcomed by the Reagans, and begins a 10-day U.S. tour; in Los Angeles, Calif. the "Hollywood" sign is changed to "Holywood"; earlier the sign was briefly changed to "Ollywood" during the Iran-Contra Scandal; on Sept. 20 he concludes an 11-day visit to North Am. as he celebrates Mass for thousands of Indians at Fort Simpson in Canada's Northwest Territories. On Sept. 11 the CBS-TV network goes black for six min. after anchorman Dan Rather walks off the set of the CBS Evening News because a tennis tournament being carried by the network runs overtime and the tennis coverage ends abruptly, catching him off guard. On Sept. 11 in Haiti a shootout at Jean-Bertrand Aristide's church kills 12. On Sept. 12 reports surface that Dem. pres. candidate Joseph Biden had borrowed, without attribution, passages of a speech by British Labour Party leader (since Oct. 2, 1983) Neil Gordon Kinnock (1942-) for one of his own campaign speeches. On Sept. 13 Soviet foreign minister (1985-90) Eduard Shevardnadze arrives in Washington, D.C. for talks aimed at a possible superpower summit; he brings with him a letter from Soviet leader Gorbachev to Pres. Reagan. On Sept. 14 transportation secy. Elizabeth Dole resigns to devote herself to the pres. campaign of her husband Bob. On Sept. 17 the city of Philadelphia, Penn. throws a big party to celebrate the 200th anniv. of the U.S. Constitution. On Sept. 18 Pres. Reagan announces that he and Soviet leader Gorbachev will meet later in the year to sign a treaty banning medium and short-range nuclear missiles. On Sept. 19 Philippines leftist opposition leader Leandro Alejandro (b. 1960) is killed. On Sept. 22 a U.S. heli gunship disables an Iranian minelaying ship, the Iran Ajr that is caught laying mines in the Persian Gulf; four Iranian crewmen are killed, and 26 wounded and detained. On Sept. 22 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. rises 75.23 points, the largest one-day gain recorded to date, closing at 2,568.05. On Sept. 22 the sitcom Full House debuts on ABC-TV for 192 episodes (until May 23, 1995), starring Robert Lane "Bob" Saget (1956-2022) as widower Danny Tanner, who enlists his best friend Joey Gladstone, played by David Lee "Dave" Coulier (1959-) and brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis, played by John Phillip Stamos (1963-) to help him raise his three daughters, Donna Jo "D.J." Margaret Tanner, played by Candace Helaine Cameron Bure (1976-), Stephanie Judith Tanner, played by Jodie Lee Ann Sweetin (1982-), and Michelle Elizabeth Tanner, played by twins Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen (1986-). On Sept. 23 Del. Sen. Joseph Biden withdraws from the Dem. pres. race following questions about his use of borrowed quotations and the portrayal of his academic record. On Sept. 24 Pres. Reagan rebuffs Congressional calls to limit U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf, and defends the recent U.S. attack on an Iranian mine-laying vessel. On Sept. 24 the Platoon-inspired Tour of Duty debuts on CBS-TV for 58 episodes (until Apr. 26, 1990), set in the Vietnam War and focusing on the bad side, starring Terence Knox (Terry Davis) (1946-) as Sgt. Clayton Ezekiel "Zeke" Anderson, Miguel A. Nunez (Núńez) Jr. (1964-) as Marcus Taylor, Stephen Edwin Caffrey (1959-) as Myron Goldman, Ramon Franco (1963-) as Pvt. Alberto Ruiz, and Kim Delaney (1958-) as Alex Devlin; the theme song is the Rolling Stones' 1966 hit Paint It Black. On Sept. 25 Lt. Col. Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka (1948-) seizes power in Fiji, promoting himself to maj.-gen.; despite warnings by Queen Elizabeth II that she would consider any move against gov.-gen. Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau a treasonable act, Rabuka declares the Repub. of the Fiji Islands on Oct. 6, ending 113 years of allegiance to the British crown; on Dec. 5 Rabuka steps down, saying that Ganilau has been named pres. On Sept. 25 Beauty and the Beast debuts on CBS-TV for 56 episodes (until Aug. 4, 1990), starring Ronald Francis "Ron" Perlman (1950-) as beast Vincent, and Linda Carroll Hamilton (1956-) as beauty asst. N.Y. DA Catherine Chandler; the subliminal message of race-mixing makes it a hit? On Sept. 26 in his Sat. radio address, Pres. Reagan says that he's reluctantly signing legislation restoring the automatic deficit-reducing provisions of the 1985 Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act. On Sept. 28 (Mon.) the syndicated U.S. TV series Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG) debuts with the episode Encounter at Farpoint for 178 episodes (until May 23, 1994), giving Trekkies (Trekkers) a new lease on their armchair fantasy lives, but with a tamed-down bureaucratic Ward's catalog model cast of actors set 70 years after ST: TOS (postal clerks in space?), incl. English Shakespearean actor Sir Patrick Hewes Stewart (1940-) as bald Frenchie Capt. Jean-Luc Picard, Jonathan Scott Frakes (1952-) as first officer cmdr. William T. Riker, Levardis Robert Martyn "LeVar" Burton Jr. (1957-) as blind black chief engineer Geordi La Forge, Michael Dorn (1952-) as (black but you're not supposed to notice) Klingon security chief Worf, Cheryl Gates McFadden (1949-) as chief medical officer Beverly Crusher, Richard William "Wil" Wheaton III (1972-) as her son Wesley Crusher, Marina Sirtis (1955-) as empathetic human-betazoid ship's counselor Deanna Troi, Denise Michelle Crosby (1957-) as Security Chief Tasha Yar, and Brent Jay Spiner (1949-) as Data, an android Pinocchio with a positronic brain - Michael Jackson beat him to that bleached skin look? On Sept. 28 Harvard-educated U.S. Rep. (D-Colo.) (1973-97) Patricia Nell Scott "Pat" Schroeder (1940-) stinks herself up by tearfully announcing in Denver that she will not run for the 1988 Dem. pres. nomination in a weepy squinty speech, causing critics of women's lib to jump on the change, er, chance to say that women are too emotional to handle the top rag, er, job. On Sept. 28 Mehdi Hashemi, Iranian aide of Ayatollah Khomeini is shot for treason. On Sept. 29 Marshall Herskovitz's Thirtysomething debuts on ABC-TV for 88 episodes (until May 28, 1991), about a group of Generation Jones (late Baby Boomers); the first production by Bedford Falls Productions. On Sept. 30 two top campaign aides of Mass. Gov. Michael S. Dukakis resign after one of them, campaign mgr. John Sasso admits leaking an attack videotape that helped bring down the pres. candidacy of Del. Sen. Joseph Biden. In Sept. in Burundi Jean-Baptiste Bagaza is overthrown by a military coup led by Maj. Pierre Buyoya (1949-), who becomes pres. (until 1993, then 1996-2003), turning Burundi into a Tutsi paradise and leading to the 1988 Hutu uprising. On Oct. 1 the 5.9 Whittier Narrows Earthquake hits the Los Angeles, Calif. area, killing eight. On Sept. 30 Elizabeth Dole resigns as U.S. transportation secy. #8 (since Feb. 7, 1983) to help transport her hubby Robert's pres. campaign; her tenure in that post is the longest to date; Pres. Reagan nominates deputy secy. James Horace Burnley IV (1948-) to succeed her, and he is sworn-in as U.S. transportation secy. #9 on Dec. 2 (until Jan. 30, 1989). On Oct. 3 negotiators for the U.S. and Canada reach agreement in Washington, D.C. on a framework to eliminate all mutual tariffs. On Oct. 4 the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA) is agreed to, and signed next Jan. 1, phasing out a wide range of trade agreements over a 10-year period, substantially increasing border trade; it is superseded in 1994 by the North Am. Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). On Oct. 7 Pres. Reagan's Advisory commission on AIDS is left in disarray after its chmn. Dr. W. Eugene Mayberry and vice-chmn. Dr. Woodrow A. Myers Jr. resign. On Oct. 8 U.S. heli gunships in the Persian Gulf sink three Iranian patrol boats after a U.S. observation heli is fired upon; on Oct. 13 the U.S. Navy makes the first military use of trained dolphins in the Persian Gulf; on Oct. 16 an Iranian missile hits a reflagged Kuwaiti ship in the Persian Gulf, becoming the first direct attack on the tanker fleet guarded by the U.S.; on Oct. 19 U.S. destroyers retaliate by bombarding an Iranian offshore oil rig. On Oct. 10 Rev. Jesse Jackson formally launches his bid for the Dem. pres. nomination in Raleigh, N.C. - a non-white U.S. pres., the impossible dream? On Oct. 11 the Second Nat. March on Washington for Gay and Lesbian Rights AKA The Great March (first on Oct. 14, 1979) sees 200K homosexual/gay rights activists march in Washington, D.C. demanding protection from discrimination and federal money for AIDS research and treatment, becoming the first nat. coverage of AIDS Coalition to Unlease Power (ACT UP) (formed in Mar.); future Dem. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi participates in the march; the AIDS Quilt is displayed for the first time at the Nat. Mall in Washington, D.C., containing 1,920 panels; 7K watch 2K same-sex couples being married on the Nat. Mall, becoming known as The Wedding. On Oct. 12 (same day that Alf Landon dies) vice-pres. George H.W. Bush formally launches his bid for the Repub. pres. nomination in Houston, Tex. On Oct. 14-16 the world watches while valiant attempts are made by hundreds of rescuers for 58 hours to rescue 18-mo.-old Baby Jessica McClure (1986-) successfully from an abandoned 22-foot well shaft at a private day care center in Midland, Tex., followed by lengthy coverage on all the major U.S. TV networks of the rescue on Oct. 18; millions throughout the world learn the value America places on its white citizens' lives? On Oct. 15 Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) pres. (since 1980) Thomas Sankara (b. 1949) is assassinated with 13 others outside the parliament bldg. in Ougadougou, and his right-hand man Col. Blaise Compaore (Compaoré) (1951-) succeeds him as pres. of Burkina Faso (until Oct. 31, 2014), reversing the Marxist policies of Sankara. On Oct. 16 105mph (175kph) winds cause a blackout in London and much of S England. On Oct. 17 the first indoor World Series game takes place at the new Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in "Twin City" Minneapolis, Minn.; on Oct. 17-25 the Minnesota Twins (AL) defeat the St. Louis Cardinals (NL) 4-3 to win the Eighty-Fourth (84th) "Mississippi River" World Series, becoming the first WS win for the Twins since moving from Washington, D.C. in 1924 as the Washington Senators. On Oct. 17 First Lady Nancy Reagan undergoes a modified radical mastectomy at Bethesda Naval Hospital in Md. On Oct. 19 (Mon.) after legislation blocks tax deductions for debt incurred in corporate takeovers, world stock prices collapse on Black Monday, causing a stock market crash as the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. plunges 508 points (22.6% in value) since Oct. 13, representing a total loss of $1T; Hong Kong suffers a 46% decline in Oct. On Oct. 20 subway gunman Bernhard Goetz is sentenced to 6 mo. in jail. On Oct. 20 a USAF jet crashes into the Ramada Inn near Indianapolis Internat. Airport, killing 10 after the pilot, who was trying to make an emergency landing, ejects safely. On Oct. 20 a bus crashes into a high voltage pole after colliding with another bus in Al-Kufaytah, Sudan, killing 64. On Oct. 22 in a bid to calm the recent frenzy in the world's financial markets, Pres. Reagan says that he will meet with congressional leaders to negotiate ways of reducing the budget deficit. On Oct. 22 after N.H. activist Mike Dunbar (1947-) launches a Draft Trump Campaign and visits him in Trump Tower, real estate mogul Donald Trump gives a speech at the Rotary Club in Portsmouth, N.H. On Oct. 24 30 years after it is expelled for refusing to answer allegations of corruption, the Teamsters Union is welcomed back into the AFL-CIO by a vote of the labor federation's executive council in Miami Beach, Fla. On Oct. 24 NBC-TV technicians accept a pact and end a 118-day strike. On Oct. 25 in China Deng Xiaoping steps down from all but the top military post. On Oct. 26 the Dow Jones drops another 8%; in Miami an investor who had suffered heavy stock market losses shoots and kills a brokerage manager and wounds his personal broker, then turns the gun on himself. On Oct. 26 Herbert Ernesto Anaya Sanabria, head of the Salvadoran Human Rights Commission is assassinated by death squads. On Oct. 28 during a debate in Houston that incl. the six Repub. pres. contenders, U.S. vice-pres. George Bush argues that as Pres. Reagan's "co-pilot" he knew how to "land the plane in a storm". On Oct. 28 a diesel tanker collides with stationary traffic on the M61 Highway near Preston, Lancashire, England, killing 12 and injuring six. First he gets borked, then he gets smoked? On Oct. 29 Pres. Reagan announces his choice of federal appeals court judge Allen Ginsberg (1926-97), er, Douglas Howard Ginsburg (1946-) for the U.S. Supreme Court to replace Lewis Powell, who announced his retirement on June 26; on Nov. 5 revelations of his past marijuana use surface from Nina Totenberg of NPR, and he withdraws his nomination on Nov. 7. On Oct. 29 Zhao Ziyang admits that only 50% of China's economy is under govt. control; by 1990 that figure drops to 30%; on Nov 1. 83-y.-o. Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping retires from the Communist Party's Central Committee and other key posts "to make way for younger leaders", and on Nov. 2 is succeeded by young whippersnapper Zhao Ziyang. On Oct. 30 Pres. Reagan announces that Soviet leader Gorbachev will visit Washington, D.C. in Dec. for a summit, during which they will sign a treaty banning intermediate-range (IR) nuclear missiles. On Oct. 31 Noboru Takeshita (1924-2000) (take a whata?), the "shadow shogun", leader of Japan's Liberal Dem. Party is elected party pres. in his first official step toward replacing PM Yasuhiro Nakasone, who resigns on Nov. 6, upon which Takeshita becomes PM #46 of Japan (until June 3, 1989). In Oct. the press reports that Charles and Diana spent a whopping 39 days apart, causing martial problem rumors to swirl. On Nov. 2 in Peru during the All Souls holiday a 20-person raiding party of the Marxist Shining Path, known for adopting Mao's slogan "Serve the People" attacks the mountain community of Lucanas. On Nov. 3 after five consecutive gains the Dow Jones closes down 50.56 points, ending the day at 1,963.53. On Nov. 3 Pres. Reagan nominates Ann Dore McLaughlin (1941-) (later Ann McLaughlin Korologos) to succeed William E. Brock III (who resigns to run Sen. Robert Dole's pres. campaign) as U.S. labor secy.; she takes office on Dec. 17 (until Jan. 20, 1989) - does that have anything to do with the Andrea Dorea? On Nov. 5 Pres. Reagan names Frank Charles Carlucci III (1930-) (roommate of Donald Rumsfield at Princeton U. in 1953) as U.S. secy. of defense #? to succeed retiring Caspar W. Weinberger; he takes office on Nov. 23 (until Jan. 20, 1989). On Nov. 5 an iceberg twice the size of Rhode Island is sighted in the Antarctic. On Nov. 5 Govan Archibald Mvuyelwa Mbeki (1910-2001), an early leader of the African Nat. Congress in South Africa is released from Robben Island prison after 24 years (1964). On Nov. 7 after forcing pres. #1 (since July 25, 1957) Habib Bourguiba to resign for medical reasons in a bloodless coup, Tunisia PM (since Oct. 2) Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (1936-) becomes pres. #2 of Tunisia (until Jan. 14, 2011), going on to become yet another Muslim tinpot dictator promoting a personality cult and shutting his country off from the West and its light like a tuna fish can. On Nov. 8 11 are killed when a bomb planted by the IRA explodes in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland at a ceremony honoring Britain's war dead. On Nov. 9 Senate Minority Leader Bob Dole formally announces his bid for the Repub. pres. nomination during a visit to his hometown of Russell, Kan. On Nov. 10 Pres. Reagan, seeking to shore up the embattled U.S. dollar declares that the currency had fallen far enough, and that his administration was "not doing anything to bring it down". On Nov. 10 Niger pres. (since Apr. 17, 1974) Gen. Seyni Kountche (b. 1931) dies in Paris of a brain tumour, and Col. Ali Seybou (1940-2011) succeeds him as Niger pres. #3 (until Apr. 16, 1993). On Nov. 11 after Bork was borked, Pres. Reagan announces his choice of Sacramento, Calif.-born Anthony McLeod Kennedy (1936-) (Roman Catholic) from Calif. (no relation to the Kennedy Dynasty) for the U.S. Supreme Court to replace Lewis F. Powell Jr., who retired on June 27; he is confirmed as U.S. Supreme Court justice #104 on Feb. 3, 1988, and sworn in on Feb. 18 (until ?) - a Reagan appointing a Kennedy? On Nov. 11 Vincent Van Gogh's 1889 painting Irises is bought from the estate of Joan Whitney Payson by an unidentified buyer for a record $53.9M at Sotheby's in New York City. On Nov. 11 the Gulf Breeze UFO Incident in Fla. sees a wave of UFO sightings over three weeks. On Nov. 12 the Am. Medical Assoc. issues a policy statement that it is unethical for a doctor to refuse to treat someone solely because that person has AIDS or is HIV-positive. On Nov. 12 heavy snow closes schools from Washington, D.C. to Maine. On Nov. 12 Boris N. Yeltsin is fired as head of the Moscow Communist Party for criticizing the slow pace of reform. On Nov. 13 the first condom commercial airs on BBC-TV. On Nov. 13 Nicaraguan pres. Daniel Ortega unveils an 11-point proposal in Washington, D.C. for a ceasefire, calling for the Contra rebels to lay down their weapons and accept an amnesty. On Nov. 13 the U.S. FDA approves the clot-dissolving drug tPA (tissue plasminogen activator), used to reduce heart attack damage. On Nov. 14 a bomb hidden in a box of chocolates explodes in the lobby of Beirut's Am. University Hospital, killing seven people incl. the woman who is carrying it. On Nov. 15 28 of 82 people aboard a Continental Airlines DC-9, incl. the pilot and co-pilot are killed when the jetliner crashes seconds after taking off from Denver's Stapleton Internat. Airport during a snowstorm. On Nov. 16 the U.S. Supreme Court by an 8-0 vote upholds the federal mail and wire fraud convictions of former Wall Street Journal reporter R. Foster Winans and two co-defendants in connection with an insider trading scheme. On Nov. 17 Ronald Reagan is sharply criticized by Congress when a report from congressional committees investigating the Iran-Contra scandal states, "If the president did not know what his nat. security advisors were doing, he should have". On Nov. 17 retiring U.S. defense secy. Caspar W. Weinberger receives an elaborate send-off on the grounds of the Pentagon. On Nov. 17 a federal jury in Denver convicts two neo-Nazis and acquits two others of civil rights violations in the 1984 slaying of radio talk show host Alan Berg. On Nov. 18 the congressional Iran-Contra committees issue their final report, saying that Pres. Reagan bore "ultimate responsibility" for wrongdoing by his aides, who ran an operation filled with "secrecy, deception and disdain for the law". On Nov. 18 CBS Inc. announces it has agreed to sell its records division to Sony Corp. for $2B. On Nov. 18 31 die and 80 are injured in a fire at King's Cross, London's busiest subway station. On Nov. 19 U.S. Congressional budget negotiators finish all but the final details of a 2-year, $75B deficit reduction pact, but not in time to avert spending cuts mandated by the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act; it is announced publicly on Nov. 20. Look at my forehead - do you see the word "dumbass" stamped there? On Nov. 20 the U.S. and Cuba revive their 1984 agreement for the return of 2.6K criminals and mental patients dumped on the U.S. in 1980; on Nov. 21 an 8-day siege begins at a detention center in Oakdale, La. as Cuban detainees, alarmed over the possibility of being returned to Cuba seize the facility, set fires and take hostages; on Nov. 29 they release all 26 hostages; on Nov. 21 a clone event takes place at the federal prison in Atlanta, Ga., and the siege ends on Dec. 4 after authorities agree to postpone deportations - until after the executions? On Nov. 22 the govt. of Nicaragua releases 985 political prisoners in a show of compliance with a Central Am. peace plan. On Nov. 24 the U.S. and Soviet Union agree to scrap shorter and medium-range missiles in the first superpower treaty to eliminate an entire class of nukes. On Nov. 25. in Suriname an opposition coalition wins a landslide V in parliamentary elections over military dictatorship-backed candidates. On Nov. 27 French hostages Jean-Louis Normandin and Roger Auque are freed by their pro-Iranian captors in West Beirut, Lebanon. On Nov. 28 South African Airways Flight 295 (Boeing 747) has an onboard fire and crashes into the Indian Ocean off Mauritius, killing all 159 aboard. On Nov. 29 Korean Airlines KAL Flight 858 disappears off Burma over the Indian Ocean, killing all 115 aboard; North Korean agents are suspected of planting a bomb. On Nov. 29 Haiti cancels nat. elections because of violence. On Nov. 30 in an interview broadcast by NBC-TV, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev acknowledges that his country is engaged in Star Wars related research, but says there were no plans to build a space-based system against nuclear attack. On Dec. 1 NASA announces that four cos., Boeing Aerospace, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, General Electric's Astro-Space Div., and Rocketdyne Div. of Rockwell Internat. have been awarded contracts to help build a space station. On Dec. 1 digging begins under the English Channel to link England and France with the Chunnel. On Dec. 2 after a chaotic meeting begun the night before, the Chicago City Council elects Alderman Eugene Sawyer as acting mayor, succeeding Harold Washington, who died on Nov. 25. On Dec. 3 four days before his summit with Soviet leader Gorbachev to sign a treaty banning intermediate-range nuclear missiles, Pres. Reagan says in an interview with TV network anchormen that there is a reasonably good chance of progress toward a treaty on long-range weapons. On Dec. 5 Fijian pres. Sitiveni Rabuka steps down, returning Fiji to civilian rule under Pres. Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau and PM Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara. On Dec. 6 one day before the arrival of Soviet leader Gorbachev, hundreds of thousands of demonstrators pressing for free emigration of Soviet Jews march in Washington, D.C.; on Dec. 6 security agents in Moscow rough up Jewish activists and journalists during rival demonstrations over Kremlin policy. On Dec. 6 in Mo. three Satanist teenagers ?, ?, and ? bludgeon a comrade to death "for fun". He was choking me with his elbow and squishing my face with the palm of his hand? On Dec. 6 a Jewish salesman is stabbed to death in Gaza, followed on Dec. 8 by an Israeli army tank transporter accidentally on purpose running into a group of Palestinians from Jabalia refugee camp in Gaza, killing four and injuring seven, launching the First Intifada (Intefadeh) (Arab. "shaking off") (Dec. 1987-93), led by Fatah member Marwan Hasib Ibrahim Barghouti (1959-), spreading from the Jabalia refugee camp through Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem, and resulting in 3.6K Molotov cocktail, 100 hand grenade, and 600 gun or explosive attacks on Israeli forces; the growing Palestinian pop. shows off its increasing radicalization by beginning a gen. resistance to the Israelis and their obvious plans of annexation of all the territory they can get away with by staging demonstrations featuring stone-throwing boys, along with gen. strikes, boycotts of Israeli products, tax defiance, etc., resulting in a death toll of 1.1K Palestinians and 164 Israelis, plus another 1K Palestinians killed by their own for alleged collaboration; on Dec. 9 an Israeli army truck crashes into a car carrying four Palestinian day workers, killing all four, causing protests and strikes followed by shutdowns in Gaza; on Dec. 10 blind paraplegic Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Hassan Yassin (1937-2004) and pediatrician-geneticist Dr. Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi (1947-2004) found Hamas (Harakat al-Muqawamat al-Islamiyyah) (Islamic Resistance Movement), a Palestinian terrorist and social welfare org. operating out of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, with ties to the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt; by the end of the year 22 are killed in the riots; al-Rantissi utters the soundbyte: "We will kill Jews everywhere. There will be no security for any Jews, those who came from America, Russia or anywhere"; he also denies that the Jewish Holocaust happened - and will do ditto? On Dec. 7 Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev sets foot on U.S. soil for the first time, arriving for a Washington, D.C. Summit with Pres. Reagan on Dec. 8-10; on Dec. 8 (1:45 p.m.) they sign the Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty banning intermediate-range nuclear missiles, becoming the first-ever agreement between the U.S. and Soviet Union to reduce the size of their nuclear arsenals; Am. pianist Van Cliburn performs for Gorbachev at the White House; by May 1991 the two countries eliminate 2,692 missiles; too bad, on Oct. 20, 2018 Pres. Trump announces that the U.S. is withdrawing from the treaty after accusing Russia of non-compliance, and the U.S. formally pulls out on Feb. 1, 2019, followed by Russia on Feb. 2. On Dec. 7 Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771 crashes near Paso Robles, Calif. after a fired employee opens fire on a fellow passenger and the two pilots, killing 43. On Dec. 8 Rhodes Scholar Kurt Schmoke becomes the first African-American mayor in Md. when he is elected in Baltimore. On Dec. 9 Reagan and Gorbachev grapple with differences over Afghanistan and cutbacks in long-range nuclear arms, then end their summit on Dec. 10; on Dec. 11 NATO allies urge the U.S. Senate to ratify the INF Treaty quickly and underscore their support by pledging to let the Soviet Union inspect missile bases in five European countries. On Dec. 11 after Pres. Reagan signs Congressional legislation, Stars and Stripes Forever becomes the official U.S. nat. anthem. On Dec. 11 a school bus returning from a zoo is hit by a train at an unmarked crossing in Ein Sham, Egypt outside Cairo, killing 62 children and injuring 67. On Dec. 12 U.S. state secy. George P. Shultz during a visit to Denmark urges U.S. allies to increase spending on conventional forces; on Dec. 13 he says the Reagan admin. will begin making funding requests for the proposed Star Wars defense system. On Dec. 13 in Belgium parliamentary elections result in the ruling center-right coalition losing most of its legislative majority to Socialists; on Dec. 14 PM Wilfried A.E. Martins resigns, but stays on as caretaker. On Dec. 14 U.S. Supreme Court nominee Anthony M. Kennedy tells his confirmation hearing that he had no hidden agenda for abortion and privacy cases. On Dec. 14 Chrysler pleads no contest to federal charges of selling several thousand vehicles as new even though they'd been driven by employees with the odometer disconnected. On Dec. 15 Gary Hart, who had dropped out of the race for the Dem. pres. nomination on May 8 amid questions about his relationship with Miami model Donna Rice on the Monkey Business makes a surprise return to the campaign, saying "Let's let the people decide" - he must figure that Married With Children is having its effect? On Dec. 16 former White House aide Michael K. Deaver is convicted of lying to a House subcommittee and a grand jury investigating whether he had violated federal ethics laws; he is fined and ordered to perform community service - teaching others how to lie and get a teaching job? On Dec. 16 South Korea holds its first direct pres. election in 16 years, and the govt.'s handpicked candidate Roh (pr. NO) Tae (Roh-tae) Woo (1932-) (chmn. of the ruling Dem. Justice Party), wins with 37% of the vote, beating opposition leaders Kim Young-sam (28%) and Kim Dae Jung (27%), who cancel each other out; the "new" Japan-clone South Korea dramatically increases exports to $47B this year, compared with $33M in 1960, fueled by the Korean chaebol (conglomerates) of Hyundai and Samsung. On Dec. 18 after copping a plea bargain and informing on greenmailer ("the Junk Bond King") Michael Robert Milken (1946-), Detroit-born Jewish-Am. businessman Ivan Frederick Boesky (1937-), who amassed a $200M fortune and was on the Dec. 1, 1986 cover of Time mag. is sentenced to 3.5 years in prison and fined $100M for plotting Wall Street's biggest insider trading scandal, serving two years; in 1989 Milken is indicted on 98 counts of racketeering and securities fraud for insider trading, and after copping a plea to six securities and reporting violations he is sentenced to 10 years in prison and permanently barred from the securities industry by the SEC, and ends up serving less than two years, ending up with a net worth of $2.1B in 2007. On Dec. 18 Pakistani opposition leader Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007) is married in a traditional Shiite Muslim ceremony to rich businessman Asif Ali Zardari (1955-). On Dec. 19 the Palestinian uprising in Israel's occupied territories spreads to Arab East Jerusalem. On Dec. 20 overcrowded Philippine passenger ferry MV Dona (Dońa) Paz collides with the gasoline tanker Vector off Mindoro island, setting off a double explosion, killing up to 4,375 (incl. illegal unregistered passenger), becoming the deadliest ferry disaster and worst peacetime maritime disaster in history (until ?). On Dec. 21 three white teenagers from the Howard Beach section of Queens, N.Y. are convicted of manslaughter in the 1986 death of a black man who was chased onto a highway, where he was struck by a car; a 4th defendant is acquitted. On Dec. 22 the Reagan admin. criticizes Israel's handling of the Palestinian uprising in the occupied territories, particularly the military's use of live ammunition against civilians. On Dec. 23 Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, serving a life sentence for the attempted assassination of Pres. Ford in 1975 escapes from the Alderson Federal Prison for Women in W. Va.; she is recaptured on Dec. 25. On Dec. 24 in Lebanon the kidnappers of Terry Anderson release a videotape in which the AP correspondent tells his family he is in good health, and says to Pres. Reagan "Surely by now you know what must be done and how you can do it." On Dec. 26 a terrorist throws two hand grenades into a USO club in Barcelona, Spain, killing one U.S. sailor and injuring nine civilians; the Red Army of Catalonian Liberation claims responsibility. On Dec. 27 scores of Palestinian prisoners appear before Israeli military courts in the first trials of several hundred protesters arrested in the Palestinian uprising. On Dec. 27 a passenger bus collides with two trucks carrying illegal immigrants near Bouandas, Algeria, killing 32 and injuring 19. On Dec. 28 the bodies of 14 relatives of USAF ex-staff master Sgt. Ronald Gene Simmons Sr. (1940-90) are found at his Mockingbird Hill home near Dover, Ark. following a shooting spree in nearby Russellville which kills two and wounds four; among the family murders on Dec. 22 are his wife, five children, granddaughter, and lastly on Dec. 26 his 18-y.-o. daughter Sheila, plus the child Sylvia she had by him before she escaped and married another man, Dennis McNulty, causing him to go nuts, and whom he also kills; Simmons is executed after a trial in which he grows a long white patriarchal beard to go with his balding pate - Sick Moses 90? On Dec. 29 the anti-depressant drug Prozac (Fluoxetine) by Eli Lilly is approved by the FDA for marketing. On Dec. 29 NASA delays the planned June launch of the Space Shuttle (the first since the Challenger disaster) because a motor component fails during a test-firing of the redesigned booster rocket. On Dec. 30 manufacturers of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) agree to withdraw the 3-wheel model from dealer inventories, but stop short of a recall as demanded by groups who consider them dangerous. On Dec. 30 Pope John Paul II pub. his 7th encyclical Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (On Social Concern) (written Dec. 30, 1987), addressing the need for internat. solidarity and development on the 20th anniv. of "Populorum Progressio", along with ecology; too bad, it disses both the East and West. On Dec. 31 one extra sec. is added to the year to compensate for the precession of the Earth's axis. On Dec. 31 horrible Maoist dictator PM #1 (since Apr. 18, 1980) Robert Gabriel Mugabe (1924-2019) is sworn-in as Zimbabwe's first executive pres. (pres. #2) (until Nov. 21, 2017), complete with power to dissolve parliament and declare martial law. Eddie Fenech Adami (1934-) of the Nationalist Party becomes PM of Malta (until 1996), going on to modernize and privatize the country. In Dec. Uriah Heep becomes the first Western rock group to play in the Soviet Union, followed by the Scorpions next year. In Dec. Japan begins a 51-mo. Bubble Boom (ends Feb. 1991). Uruguayan Pres. Julio Maria Sanguinetti grants a gen. amnesty for human rights violations by the military to prevent a military coup. I love jama juice, or come on everybody, let's do the jama? French Nat. Front founder Jean-Marie Le Pen (b. 1928) remarks that the Jewish Holocaust and/or German gas chambers are a "detail of history", causing an uproar among the PC; Prince Charles adds fuel to the embarrassing flirtation of the British royal family with Nazism by comparing modern architecture unfavorably to the Nazi bombing of London in WWII: "You have to give this much to the Luftwaffe: when it knocked down our buildings it didn't replace them with anything more offensive than rubble. We did that." Burma, once the "rice bowl of Asia" earns the title of Least Developed Country in Asia from the U.N. Black teenager Tawana Glenda Brawley (1972-) accuses six white law enforcement officers of abducting and raping her in New York City; within a year a grand jury declares the story a hoax; Rev. Alfred Charles "Al" Sharpton Jr. (1954-) backs Brawley throughout, stinking himself up. After Ayatollah Khomeini issues a fatwa allowing sex-reassignment surgeries, Maryam Molkara becomes the 2nd Iranian transsexual to undergo the surgery after a girl named Farideh (Farhad). Canada begins issuing the Loonie, a gold-colored bronze-plated 1-dollar coin with the image of Queen Elizabeth II on the front and a common Canadian loon on the reverse; the U.S. later imitates the concept with its Sacagawea dollar coin (2000). U. of Calif. neuroscientist Louis A. Gottschalk (1916-2008) claims that his studies of Pres. Reagan's speech patterns show that he had been suffering from diminished mental ability as early as 1980; in 2006 Gottschalk's son Guy tells a court that his dad lost up to $3M over 10 years to the Nigerian Internet e-mail scam - because he suffers from what Reagan did? Greyhound buys Trailways. Exxon acquires 275K acres in Rio Blanco County, Colo. in the Piceance Basin, where there is 35T cu. ft. of "tight gas" (trapped in dense rock), and in 1995 begins research on multizone stimulation technology (invented by Kris Nygaard et al.), declaring it commercially viable in 2005 and ramping up. Hungarian-born ex-porn star Ilona (Anna Elena) "Cicciolina" Staller (1951-), whose breasts were the first to be bared on Italian TV in 1978 ("C'era due Volte") is elected to the Italian Parliament on the ticket of the fringe Radical Party (until 1991), delivering political speeches with one breast exposed. As the Cold War ends the U.S. has 568 warships in its fleet, which sinks to 281 by the time of the 2003 U.S. Iraq War. The chmn. and pres. of Toshiba resigns because a subsidiary sold the Soviets submarine propeller technology, and the U.S. suspends Toshiba's import license. An epidemic of Rift Valley viral fever occurs in Mauritania following the damming of the Senegal River. The USDA develops the Fast Africanized Bee Identification System (FABIS) to fight the growing incursion of African honeybees. The Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve in Costa Rica loses 30 of its 50 known species forever to dry conditions. Anglican deacon Sylvia Mutch becomes the first woman to conduct a marriage in the Church of England in York, England. Am. physician Paul Farmer (1959-) et al. found Partners in Health in Boston, Mass. to provide a "preferential option for the poor" in Haiti, Peru, Russia, Rwanda et al. The Media Research Center (MRC) conservative watchdog org. in Alexandria, Va. is founded by Leo Brent Bozell III (1955-), with the mission of exposing liberal bias in the media. The Social Venture Network is founded by Joshua Mailman and Wayne Silby to network business leaders who are into environmentally sustainable business. The Earth Charter is created by Club of Rome members Maurice Strong (1929-2015) of Canada and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (1931-2022) (Supreme Soviet chmn. in 1989-90 and Soviet Union pres. in 1990-1) to declare the fundamental values and principles for building a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society by building a global partnership, which is eventually endorsed by orgs. representing millions of people; in 1994 it becomes a civil society initiative with help from the govt. of Netherlands; in Mar. 2000 the final 2.4K-word text is approved by the Earth Charter Commission, chaired by Steven Clark Rockefeller (1936-) (later the oldest member of the trillionaire Rockefeller family) at the UNESCO HQ in Paris, and officially launched on June 29, 2000 at the Peace Palace in The Hague, with Queen Beatrix of Netherlands attending the ceremony. The European Society of Population Economics begins pub. the Journal of Population Economics. German feminist Alice Schwarzer (1942-) ("Germany's Gloria Steinem") launches the PorNo Campaign against pornography; too bad, it doesn't make any, er, headway. Am. poet Philip Schultz (1945-) founds the Writers Studio in New York City. The Baha'i Inst. for Higher Learning is founded in Iran, bucking the Shiite regime. The Jehovah's Witnesses confirm that singer Michael Jackson is no longer a member after his "Thriller" video comes out filled with occult messages; no longer having to appear good, in Aug. he releases the album Bad? The first Aiken Taylor Award for Modern Am. Poetry by the Sewanee Review of the Univ. of the South is awarded to Howard Nemerov, followed by Richard Wilbur (1988), Anthony Hecht (1989), W.S. Merwin (1990), John Frederick Nims (1991), Gwendolyn Brooks (1992), George Starbuck (1993), Wendell Berry (1994), and Maxine Kumin (1995). British actors Judi Dench (1934-) and Anthony Hopkins (1937-) (who gave up alcohol after Xmas 1975) win acclaim for playing the lead roles in Shakespeare's "Antony and Cleopatra"; she is made a dame next year; he is made a CBE this year, and knighted in 1993. Martha Graham (1894-1991) debuts her 177th and last dance, Persephone, choreographed to Stravinsky's Symphony in C. After launching his IS New York label at age 15, Brooklyn, N.Y.-born gay Jewish fashion designer Isaac Mizrahi (1961-) debuts his first collection, becoming a hit with his decadent refined elegant New York City look, causing Chanel to bankroll him in 1992-8, making fans of Selma Blair, Nicole Kidman, Debra Messing, Sarah Jessica Parker, Natalie Portman, Julia Roberts et al.; in 2002 he designs a collection for Target, causing sales to zoom to $300M a year before leaving for Liz Clairborne in 2008-9. Singer Dean Martin's son Dino dies in a military air crash. Actress Brooke Shield graduates from Princeton U., where she was a member of Cap & Gown, one of 12 eating clubs on campus. Britain's Princess Di gives up her drinking her favorite white wine and abstains from all alcoholic beverages. The Lawrence Welk Show, canceled by ABC in 1971, and surviving in syndication until 1982 is introduced to public television (PBS), where it seemingly will go on until the last polka-dancing centenarian keels over in the TV room of the rest home (until ?). British pop star Elton John wins a libel suit against The Sun for alleging he had underaged sex, uttering the soundbyte "You can call me a fat, balding, talentless old queen who can't sing, but you can't tell lies about me" - who really won here? 24-y.-o. Tom Cruise (b. 1962) marries 31-y.-o. Mimi Rogers (nee Spickler) (1956-), who gets him hooked on Scientology, which he joins in 1990, then dumps her the same year. Actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus marries producer-actor Brad Hall after they meet at Northwestern U. - in what hall? Italian politician Cicciolina appears in the porno film "Carne Bollente" (The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empress" with U.S. star John Holmes, who is later revealed to have tested positive for HIV before filming, causing a controversy. The Ring Ding/Ding Dong Conflict is resolved when Drake's Cakes, maker of Ring Dings, merges with Hostess, maker of Ding Dongs; after they break up, they remerge in 1998. Red Bull brand energy drink begins to be marketed, containing taurine, which was first isolated from bull (Bos taurus) bile; the inventor's astrological sign is Taurus; it also contains caffeine and glucuronolactone, which tastes like dandelion and burdock. IT consulting co. Mahindra Satyam is founded in Hyderabad, India - to steal American jobs? Arles-born French fashion designer Christian Marie Marc Lacroix (1951-) opens his own fashion house, selling ready-to-wear clothing based on historical costumes, incl. the short puffball skirt ("le pouf") and low decollete necklines, using hot Mediterranean colors with an eclectic selection of patterns and fabrics, which don't fill the needs of working women, never turning a profit. The Great Am. Dream of becoming a soap milionaire? Colo. fundraiser Max Appel and his wife Elaine create Orange Glo Wood Cleaner and Polish in their garage, made from the skin of Valencia oranges, and found Orange Glo Internat., gaining success with TV infomercials featuring fast-talking pitchman Billy Mays of Denver, Colo., then creating the oxygen-based laundry additives OxiClean and self-cleaning toilet system Kaboom, then expanding via Wal-Mart and Sam's Club, reaching 2002 sales of $330M; in 2006 they sell out to Church & Dwight (Arm & Hammer) for $325M. Leeds, England-born chef Marco Pierre White (1961-) opens Harvey's in Wandsworth Common, London (until 1993), receiving two Michelin stars by 1988, going on to open the Restaurant Marco Pierre White in Hyde Park Hotel, becoming the first British chef to be awarded three Michelin stars in 1993 (Roux Brothers, Pierre Koffman), and the first British celebrity chef ("the Godfather of Modern Cooking"), training chefs incl. Mario Batali, Gordon Ramsay, and Curtis Stone; in 1999 he returns the stars, with the soundbyte: "I was being judged by people who had less knowledge than me, so what was it truly worth? I gave Michelin inspectors too much respect, and I belittled myself. I had three options: I could be a prisoner of my world and continue to work six days a week, I could live a lie and charge high prices and not be behind the stove or I could give my stars back, spend time with my children and re-invent myself." Dock Street Brewing Co. is founded in Bala Cynwyd, Penn. by Rosemarie Certo and her husband Jeffrey Ware, moving in 1989 to Center City, Philadelphia, Penn., becoming the first craft brewery in the Philly area since Prohibition, growing to 25K barrels/year in 1996. Architecture: In the mid-1980s New Urbanism begins to arise to de-urbanize neighborhoods and make them walkable again, with most dwellings located within a 5-min. walk from the center, and plenty of green spaces, shade trees, playgrounds, and dispersion of traffic via street design. On Feb. 7 the new 5.5-mi. Sunshine Skyway Bridge (begun 1982) over Tampa Bay, Fla. is dedicated, becoming the world's longest cable-stayed main span bridge (until ?); the original steel cantilever bridge was completed in 1954. Jim Reinders of Alliance, Neb. (pop. 9K) builds Carhenge, a 96-ft. circle of 38 gray-painted junked stripped cars by the side of a road in a replica of Stonehenge, incl. bluestones, standing stones, trilithons and Aubrey Holes marking the original wooden posts encircling the site. The King Fahd's (Jeddah) Fountain in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia is unveiled, featuring a 1,024-ft.-high water jet supplied by the Red Sea, becoming the tallest fountain jet on Earth., with 500+ spotlights illuminating it at night. After a gentleman's agreement not to exceed the height of William Penn's statue on top of Philadelphia City Hall is scrapped in 1984, the steel and blue glass Liberty Place (begun May 13, 1985) is completed, composed of the 61-story 945-ft. (288m) One Liberty Place skyscraper, the 58-story 848-ft. (258m) Two Liberty Place skyscraper, the 2-story Shops at Liberty Place shopping mall, and the 14-story Westin Philadelphia Hotel, designed by Helmut Jahn, becoming the tallest structure in Philly (until 2007). New York City real estate magnate Donald Trump buys the 126-room 58-bedroom 62.5K-sq.-ft. Mar-a-Lago (Sp. "Sea to Lake") estate at 1100 S. Ocean Blvd. in in Palm Beach, Fla. (known for hosting the Internat. Red Cross Ball), built in 1924-7 for $30M by wealthy heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post (1887-1973) and her 2nd hubby (1920-35) Edward Francis Hutton (1875-1962) for $10M, going on to extensively renovate it, getting into a war with the city of Palm Beach over a 50-ft. flagpole; on Sept. 12, 1973 Post died, leaving it in her will to the U.S. govt. to be the Southern White House, who gave it back in 1981 when they couldn't afford upkeep; in 1994 Michael Jackson and Lisa Marie Presley honeymoon there; in 1997 Trump files a lawsuit challenging Palm Beach's unwritten policy of excluding Jews and blacks from golf and country club facilities. The 36-story 32 Old Slip (One Fincancial Square) Bldg. on the East River is built on the site of the U.S. Assay Office, which was auctioned for $27M in 1983 (most valuable U.S. govt. estate sold at auction), becoming the home of Goldman Saches, the New York regional office of the U.S. Census Bureau et al. The 72-story Nations Bank Plaza Bldg. in Dallas, Tex. is completed, becoming the tallest skyscraper in the city, and 3rd tallest in Tex. The Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank Bldg. in Hong Kong, designed by Norman Foster (1935-) is completed. The Lippo Bldg. in Hong Kong, designed by Paul Rudolph is completed. The 60-story Korea Life Insurance Co. Bldg. in Seoul is completed. The 65-story Kompleks tun Abdul Razak Bldg. in Penang, Malaysia is completed. The Baha'i Lotus Temple in Delhi, India is completed, becoming the mother temple for India. The Neue Staatsgalerie in Stuggart, Germany, designed by James Frazer Stirling is completed. The Seattle Art Museum in Wash. designed by Robert Venturi is completed. The Topography of Terror museum in Niederkirchnerstrasse (formerly Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse), Berlin opens in the former HQ of the Gestapo and SS. The dramatic sculptured Vitra Design Museum in Weil am Rhein, Germany, designed by Frank O. Gehry is completed. The 63-story Rialto Tower in Melbourne, Australia is completed. The 216-ft. 264-passenger 44-gondola Texas Star ferris wheel opens at Fair Park in Dalls, Tex., becoming the tallest Ferris wheel in North Am. until the 250-ft. Star of Puebla, Mexico on July 22, 2013; it is illuminated by 16K red-white-blue incandescent bulbs until 2008, when they are replaced by LEDs. Sports: On Jan. 11 the New York Giants romp over the Washington Redksins in the NFL title game in Giants Stadium 17-0; meanwhile after QB John Elway (1960-) stages the legendary 4th-quarter late game-saving 98-yard 15-play The Drive, the Denver Broncos defeat the Cleveland Browns in OT 23-20 in Cleveland to win the AFC title; people in Cleveland begin to think they live under Denver's shadow, while people in Denver feel they have a Super Bowl jinx to beat. On Feb. 3 the San Diego Yacht Club celebrates the victory of skipper Dennis Conner and the Stars and Stripes over Australia to sweep the America's Cup series. On Feb. 15 Craig Stadler is disqualified from the Andy Williams Open after he kneels on a towel to make a golf shot. On Feb. 15 the 1987 (29th) Daytona 500 is won by Bill Elliott (2nd win). On Mar. 7 Michael Gerard "Iron Mike" Tyson (1966-) wins a unanimous decision over James "Bonecrusher" Smith to win the WBA title, followed on Aug. 1 by a unanimous decision over Tony Tucker to take the IBF title, becoming undisputed world heavyweight boxing champ #25 (first since 1978) (until Feb. 11, 1990), becoming the youngest champ (until ?). On Mar. 18 Susan Howlet Butcher (1954-2006) wins her 2nd consecutive Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, covering the distance from Anchorage to Nome in 11 days, 2 hours, 5 min. and 13 sec.; in 1990 she becomes the 2nd 4-time winner. On Apr. 8 Ray Charles "Sugar Ray" Leonard (1956-) upsets Marvelous Marvin Hagler in Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas to become middleweight boxing champ, raising non-heavyweight boxing's profile; in ? Hagler retires after waiting in vain for a rematch, and moves to Italy to become a movie actor. On Apr. 18 husband-wife bowlers Kent Wagner (1958-) and Lisa "Rocket" Wagner (1961-) appear on nat. telecasts the same day, Kent at the PBA Greater Hartford Open in Windsor Locks, Conn., and Lisa at the LPBT Seagram's Coolers U.S. Open in Mentor, Ohio; Kent wins $5K, and Lisa wins $10K. On Apr. 22 the NBA expands to 27 teams; the Charlotte Hornets plays in the new Charlotte Coliseum (24K cap.); the name refers to British Gen. Lord Cornwallis calling the town "a veritable hornet's nest of rebellion"; it becomes the first team to choose teal as its primary color, starting a fashion craze; they start off with Dick Harter as head coach, who recruits ex-Pistons guard Kelly Tripucka, first draft pick Rex Chapman, and 5'3" (shortest player in NBA history) Muggsy Bogues; on Nov. 4, 1988 their first regular season game is a 133-933 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers at home before 23,388 fans (sold-out); on Nov. 8, 1988 they score their first win against the Los Angeles Clippers by 117-105; on Dec. 23, 1988 they defeat the Chicago Bulls by 103-1 after beating Michael Jordan at the buzzer in his first prof. game in N.C.; they finish their first season at 20-62 after leading the NBA in attendance, selling-out for 9 straight seasons (364 games); in the 1990 NBA Draft they select guard Kendall Gill, and win 8 of their first 15 games, then going flat and finishing with an 8-18 record; in the 1991 NBA Draft after hiring new gen. mgr. Allan Bristow they draft power forward Larry Johnson from UNLV, who wins 1992 NBA rookie of the year; after the 2001-2 season it relocates to New Orleans, La., becoming the New Orleans Hornets, changing its name in 2013 to the New Orleans Pelicans, allowing the Charlotte Bobcats to become the Charlotte Hornets; the Miami Heat NBA team is founded, hiring Pat Riley as head coach #1, who acquires 6'10" center-forward Alonzo Harding "Zo" "the Ultimate Warrior" Mourning Jr. (1970-) and 6'0" point guard Timothy Duane "Tim" Hardaway Sr. (1966-); the Minnesota Timberwolves (T-Wolves) is named after a contest produces two leading candidates, and the loser "Polars" is rejected by 842 Minn. city councils by 2-1; on Nov. 3, 1989 they lose their first regular season game to the Seattle SuperSonics by 106-94 on the road; on Nov. 8, 1989 they lose to the Chicago Bulls by 96-84 in their home debut in the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome; they go 22-60 in their first season after drawing a record 1M attendance, incl. 49,551 (3rd largest ever) on Apr. 17, 1990 in a 98-88 loss to the Denver Nuggets in their final season home game; in 1990 they move to the Target Center, finishing 29-53 for the season; the Orlando Magic wins its first exhibition game on Oct. 13, 1989 against the Detroit Pistons; on Nov. 4, 1989 it loses by 111-106 to the New Jersey Nets in Orlando; on Nov. 6, 1989 it wins its first regular season game, defeating the New York Knicks by 118-110; the first season record is 18-64. On May 3 the NASCAR 1987 Winston 500 at Talladega Internat. Speeedway in Ala. is won by Davey Allison after 10 laps are cut out because of darkness; in lap 22 his father Bobby Allison has a bad crash near the start/finish line, ripping down almost 100 ft. of protective fence, which barely keeps it from crashing into the spectators, causing smaller carburetors followed by restrictor plates to be mandated on cars racing at Talladega and Daytona (until ?). On May 17 the San Antonio Spurs win the 1987 NBA draft lottery, paving the way for the 1987 NBA Draft on June 22, when they pick 7'1" superstar center (1989-2003) David Maurice "the Admiral" Robinson (1965-) (#50) #1 overall, who joins the NBA in the 1989-90 season after serving in the U.S. Navy, and who in 1997 with 6'11" teammate (power forward/center) Timothy Theodore "Tim" Duncan (1976-) (#21) become known as the Twin Towers. On May 17-31 the 1987 Stanley Cup Finals see the Edmonton Oilers defeat the Philadelphia Flyers 4-3; MVP is 6'3" Flyers goalie Ronald Jeffrey "Ron" Hextall (1964-). On June 6 Alysheba (1984-2009), winner of the Kentucky Derby on May 2 and the Preakness on May 16 places 4th at the Belmont Stakes, losing to Bet Twice. On June 2-14 the 1987 NBA Finals sees the mostly-black Los Angeles Lakers win with a 106-93 home-court V over the mostly-white defending champion Boston Celtics; Magic Johnson of the Lakers is MVP. On July 24 91-y.-o. Calif. mountaineer Hulda Hoehn Crooks (1896-1997) AKA Grandma Whitney becomes the oldest woman to conquer Mount Fuji, Japan's highest peak. On Sept. 21 the 1987 NFL Players' Strike begins, mainly over the issue of free agency; on Sept. 27 football fans suffer through their first Sunday without football; on Oct. 4 NFL owners organize zany games with replacement and non-striking players at sparsely attended stadiums; on Oct. 15 it ends after 24 days - every athlete dreams of a second chance, these men lived it? On Oct. 23-25 the first McDonald's Championship (Open) in Milwaukee, Wisc. becomes the first tournament between the NBA and FIB, incl. the Milwaukee Bucks, the Soviet nat. team, and the Italian nat. team; in 1991 it becomes biannual; it ceases after 1999 after the NBA wins them all. On Nov. 1 Ibrahim Hussein (1958-) of Kenya wins the New York City Marathon in 2:11:1, winning again in 1991 and 1992, beginning a domination of the Boston Marathon by Kenyans (until ?); former pack-a-day cigarette smoker Priscilla Welch (1944-) of Britain leads the women in 2:30:17, setting the age group world record next year at 2:30:48 (until 2002). On Nov. 28 Hilbert van de Thumb, who became European all-round skating champ on Jan. 22, 1984 skates to a world record 39,492.80 km - without landing on his thumbs? On Nov. 29 San Francisco 49ers QB (#16) Joseph Clifford "Joe" Montana Jr. (1956-) completes an NFL record 22 consecutive passes. On Dec. 19 Gary Kasparov plays fellow Soviet challenger Anatoly Karpov to a 12-12 tie in Seville, Spain, retaining his world chess title. The New York Mets spend $5K on adhesive tape for player Gary Carter. English golfer Nick Faldo (1957-) wins the British Open, and goes on to win five majors by 1996, more than any other player (until ?). Calvin Edwin "Cal" Ripken Jr. (1960-) and his brother William Oliver "Billy" Ripken (1964-) play together on the Baltimore Orioles under their daddy mgr. Calvin Edwin "Cal" Ripken Sr. (1935-99), a ML first; in 1989 a Fleer card of Billy shows him holding a bat with a dirty word on the knob, becoming a collector's item; on Sept. 14 Cal Ripken Jr.'s streak of 8,243 consecutive innings (908 games) ends. In 1987 despite winning the Tournament of Champions and leading the PBA in earnings, Peter David "Pete" Weber (1962-) (AKA PDW), son of Dick Weber (first father-son to win PBA Tour titles) is passed over for PBA Player of the Year for Marshall Holman because of alcohol and drug abuse; he goes on to win 13 PBA Tour titles by 1989, reach $1M in earnings, then make a comeback in the 2001-2 season, with his flashy style increasing TV ratings, topping $3M in career earnings. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Oscar Arias Sanchez (1940-) (Costa Rica) [Esquipulas II Accords]; Lit.: Joseph (Iosif Alexandrovich) Brodsky (1940-96) (U.S.); Physics: Karl Alexander Muller (1927-) (Switzerland) and Johannes Georg Bednorz (1950-) (West Germany) [hi-temperature superconductivity in ceramics]; Chem.: Donald James Cram (1919-2001) (U.S.), Charles John Pederson (1904-89) (U.S.), and Jean-Marie Lehn (1939-) (France) [artificial molecules); Medicine: Susumu Tonegawa (1939-) (Japan) [genetic mechanism for antibody diversity]; Economics: Robert Merton Solow (1924-) (U.S.) [economic growth]. Inventions: On Feb. 22 the $90M Airbus A320 makes its first flight, becoming the first airliner to use fly-by-wire flight control systems, growing into a family, with 6.7K built by Aug. 2015. On Apr. 2 Microsoft announces the OS/2 computer operating system, created in partnership with IBM, discontinuing support on Dec. 31, 2006; on Dec. 9 Microsft releases the Windows 2.0 16-bit GUI-based operating system, discontinuing support on Dec. 31, 2001. On July 30 Microsoft acquires Forethought (founded 1983), developer of PowerPoint object-oriented bit-mapped software, becoming Microsoft PowerPoint, a slide projector capability for PCs; on Sept. 8 Microsoft ships its first CD-ROM application, MS Bookshelf (discontinued in 2000). R.S. Lakes of the U. of Iowa pub. the article "Foam Structures with a Negative Poisson's Ratio" in Science, containing the first example of a synthetic Auxetic (Gr. "auxeticos" = that which tends to increase) material, which becomes thicker perpendicular to the applied force when stretched; in 1991 Ken Evans of the U. of Exeter coins the term. After participating in the Ironman Triathlon in Hawaii, Dan Empfield (1957-) invents the Quintana Roo Triathlon Speed Wetsuit. The first Soybean Ink is developed (in four colors) in response to newspaper industry demands for an alternative to petroleum-based ink. Science: Is it lily white? On Jan. 6 Am. astronomer Simon J. Lilly discovers a galaxy 12B l.y. from Earth, Supernova 1987A, which is observed in the Large Magellanic Cloud bordering the Milky Way Galaxy, and since it's 1.66 sec. of arc in diam. (compared to 1.8K for the Moon), and the light from the far end took 260 more days than the near end to arrive (340 vs. 80), it's real diam. is 1.37 l.y., which means the cloud is 169K l.y. away? - but how do we now the 80 and 340 numbers without circular reasoning? AZT (Azidothymidine) (Zidovudine) becomes the first drug to gain FDA approval for use in the treatment of AIDS. World Bank economist Augusto Daniel Odone (1933-2013) and his wife Michaela Teresa Murphy Odone (1939-2000) buck the medical research establishment and score a V for the renegade lone genius approach with their olive-grape-based Lorenzo's Oil for adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), used to treat their son Lorenzo Odone (1978-2008); the medical establishment resists acceptance. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats) is independently discovered by Osaka U. molecular biologist Yoshizumi Ishino (1959-) et al., plus other researchers in Spain and Netherlands, becoming a hot gene editing tool. Am. molecular biologist Douglas C. Prasher (1951-) proposes the use of Green Fluorescent Protein from jellyfish to report when a protein is being made in a cell; after his work wins his colleagues the 2008 Nobel Chem. Prize while he is snubbed, he is found working for $10 an hour as a shuttle operator in Huntsville, Ala., saying he lost his job at NASA and couldn't get another one in science, returning to scientific research work in June 2010. Austrian-born Am. psychiatrist Karl H. Pribram (1919-) and Am. quantum physicist David Joseph Bohm (1917-92) (former asst. of Albert Einstein) propose the Holonomic Brain Model, which postulates that the brain stores all its info. about the past, present, and future in a "super hologram". English surgeon Sir Roy Yorke Calne (1930-) performs the first liver, heart, and lung transplant, followed by the first intestinal transplant in the U.K. in 1992, and the first combined stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver, and kidney cluster transplant in 1994 - excuse me for not shaking hands? English-born Am. mathematician Stephen Wolfram (1959-) founds Wolfram Research Inc., releasing Mathematica software algebra system for solving complex problems on June 23, 1988. The theory of Hydroseismicity is proposed, that the hydrologic cycle influences earthquakes. Human Donor Ova become available in the U.S. New York City opthalmologist Dr. Steven Trokel performs the first Laser Eye Surgery with an excimer "cool" laser, founding Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK). Scientists at the U. of Calif. conclude from DNA studies that all modern humans trace their ancestry to one African female who lived 100K-200K years ago, whom they name Mitochrondrial Eve - she was what color? Supernova 1987A becomes the first supernova explosion witnessed from Earth in over 400 years. Palo Alto, Calif.-born Roger Newland Shepard (1929-) pub. the Universal Law of Generalization for Psychological Science. German physicist Christof Wetterich (1952-) proposes Quintessence (dynamical dark energy) as an alternative to the cosmological constant to explain the expansion of the Universe; starting out attractive, it became repulsive about 10B years ago. Nonfiction: Peter Ackroyd (1949-), Dickens' London: An Imaginative Vision. Francesco Alberoni (1929-), The Public and the Private. Darryl Anka (1951-), The New Metaphysics; claims to be channeling an ET named Bashar since 1983-4. Jose Arguelles (1939-2011), The Mayan Factor: Path Beyond Technology. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014) and Amina Baraka, The Music: Reflections on Jazz and Blues (May). Sydney Biddle Barrows (1952-), Mayflower Madam: The Secret Life of Sydney Biddle Barrows (autobio.); bestseller; "Hire good people and pay them what they are worth." Gregory Bateson (1904-80) and Mary Catherine Bateson (1939-), Angels Fear. Raveendra N. Batra (1943-), The Great Depression of 1990; predicts a sharp rise in the U.S. stock market until a catastrophic drop in 1990. Petr Beckmann (1924-93), Einstein Plus Two (Aug.); claims to refute Einstein's Theory of Relativity, theorizing that the speed of light c is constant with respect to the source of the dominant gravitational field not the observer. Herbert Benson (1935-), Your Maximum Mind. Ingmar Bergman (1918-2007), The Magic Lantern (autobio.); his brother gets a slide projector for Xmas, and he is so jealous that he trades it for 100 tin soldiers. Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), The Lost Ship of Noah: In Search of the Ark at Ararat (Feb. 27); claims that the ark is really on Mt. Judi 17 mi. from Mt. Ararat. Stephen Birmingham (1932-), America's Secret Aristocracy (Oct.); the Roosevelts, Livingstons, Jays, and Randolphs. Lady Caroline Blackwood (1931-96), In the Pink; fox hunters vs. animal rights activists; Prince Charles' use of pink elastic. Olivier Jean Blanchard (1948-) and Lawrence H. Summers (1954-), Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem, calling it hysteresis. Olivier Jean Blanchard (1948-) and Nobuhiro Kiyotaki (1955-), Monopolistic Competition and the Effects of Aggregate Demand; proves the importance of monopolistic competition to the aggregate demand multiplier. Allan David Bloom (1930-92), The Closing of the American Mind; Cornell U. prof. pitches "original texts" (Great Books) for the college curriculum, and confronts the fact that the college system closes minds, lashing out at the counterculture, feminism, black power, sexual lib, etc., describing Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones as "male and female, heterosexual and homosexual... tarting it up on the stage"; meanwhile closet gay Bloom goes on to die of AIDS. David Bohm (1917-92) and F. David Peat, Science, Order, and Creativity. Marcus Borg (1942-), Jesus: A New Vision. Tom Bower, The Paperclip Conspiracy: The Battle for the Spoils and Secrets of Nazi Germany. Barbara Brennan (1939-), Hands of Light: A Guide to Healing Through the Human Energy Field; which sells 1M copies worldwide; in 1982 she founds the Barbara Brennan School of Healing in Fla. Tom Brokaw (1940-), The Arms, the Men, the Money; investigation of the Contras. Harry Browne (1933-2006), Why the Best-Laid Investment Plans Usually Go Wrong; "The best-laid investment plans usually go wrong because they're based on an empty hope, the hope that some system, advisor, technique, indicator, or mysterious art will take the uncertainty out of investing. By and large, the investors and speculators who make money consistently are those who have ignored the fantasies and accepted the world as it is." Yvonne De Carlo (1922-2007), Yvonne: An Autobiography (Feb.); downplays her B-movie and TV career and lists 22 lovers incl. Howard Hughes, Burt Lancaster, Robert Stack, Robert Taylor, Billy Wilder, Aly Khan, and the brother of the shah of Iran. Jim Carroll (1949-2009), Forced Entries: The Downtown Diaries, 1971-1973 (autobio.). John Brittain-Catlin (1927-87), Family Quartet (autobio.). Anthony Cave Brown (1929-2006), C: The Secret Life of Sir Stewart Graham Menzies, Spymaster to Winston Churchill; his role with the Ultra Project and mistakes with Soviet mole Kim Philby. Robert Vance Bruce (1923-2008), The Launching of Modern American Science, 1846-1876 (Pulitzer Prize). Bruce Chatwin (1940-89), The Songlines; his search in C Australia for aboriginal pathways to perform cultural activities. Deepak Chopra (1947-), Creating Health: How to Wake Up the Body's Intelligence (first book); launches his New Age writing career that incl. 70+ books and 21 NYT bestsellers, selling 20M+ copies worldwide. Cicciolina (1951-), Confessioni Erotiche di Cicciolina (autobio.). Coccinelle (1931-2006), Coccinnelle (autobio.); pioneering French transsexual actress. Andrei Codrescu (1946-), Raised by Puppets Only to Be Killed by Research. Robert Coles (1929-), Simone Weil: A Modern Pilgrimage. Frank Collin (1944-), The Destruction of Atlantis: Compelling Evidence of the Sudden Fall of the Legendary Civilization; pub. under alias Frank Joseph. Charles Colson (1931-2012) and Ellen Santilli Vaughn, Kingdoms in Conflict; how Christians should live their faith in the public arena. Robert Conquest (1917-2015), The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine (Nov. 12). Bill Cosby (1937-), Time Flies (autobio.); bestseller about turning 50. Mary Daly (1928-2010), Webster's First New Intergalactic Wickedary of the English Language; chants for women to free themselves from patriarchal oppressions, along with advice to embrace the labels of hag, witch, and lunatic. Jared Mason Diamond (1937-), The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race; "...recent discoveries suggest that the adoption of agriculture, supposedly our most decisive step toward a better life, was in many ways a catastrophe from which we have never recovered. With agriculture came the gross social and sexual inequality, the disease and despotism, that curse our existence." Joan Didion (1934-2021), Miami; a hotbed of Cuban exiles plotting Castro's overthrow? Gioia Diliberto, Debutante: The Story of Brenda Frazier (May 12); poor little rich girl New York socialite Brenda Frazier (1922-62). Annie Dillard (1945-), An American Childhood (autobio.). Huw Dixon (1958-), A Simple Model of Imperfect Competition with Walrasian Features; first work to demonstrate in a simple gen. equilibrium model that the fiscal multiplier could be increasing with the degree of imperfect competition in the output market, helping develop New Keynesian economics. David Herbert Donald, Look Homeward: A Life of Thomas Wolfe (Pulitzer Prize). Marjory Stoneman Douglas (1890-1998), Voice of the River (autobio.). Dinesh D'Souza (1961-), My Dear Alex: Letters from the KGB. Barbara Ehrenreich (1941-), Fred L. Block, Richard A. Cloward (1925-2001), and Frances Fix Piven, The Mean Season; attacks Pres. Reagan for attempting to dismantle the welfare state and safety net, calling for more health insurance and income support for the poor. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution; based on an article by Donald S. Lutz of the U. of Houston in the 1984 "Am. Political Science Review". Loren Eiseley (1907-77), The Lost Notebooks of Loren Eiseley (posth.); an Am. naturalist all-but turned Darwinism into a religion? Sir William Empson (1906-84), Faustus and the Censor: The English Faust-Book and Marlowe's Doctor Faustus; Argufying: Essays on Literature and Culture (posth.). Robert F. Engle (1942-) and Clive Granger (1934-2009), Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing; coins the term Cointegration, formalizing the cointegrating vector approach. Joseph Epstein (1937-), Once More Around the Block: Familiar Essays. David Franklin Fasold (1939-98), The Ark of Noah; U.S. salvage expert claims that it's still in Duripinar 17 mi. from Mt. Ararat in Turkey, then visits the site in Sept. 1994 and flip-flops, saying "I believe this may be the oldest running hoax in history." John Feinstein, A Season on the Brink; Indiana U. Hoosiers basketball coach (1971-2000) Bobby Knight (1940-). George Fetherling (1949-), Notes from a Journal 1978-1980 (autobio.). Simha Flapan (-1987), The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities; left-wing Israeli Jew disses Israel, claiming they made a secret agreement with Transjordan to thwart the creation of a Palestinian Arab state in favor of King Abdallah's dream of a Greater Syria; "Even though Israel has the most sophisticated army in the region and possesses an advanced atomic capability, it continues to regard itself in terms of the Holocaust, as the victim of an unconquerable, bloodthirsty enemy. Thus whatever Israelis do, whatever means we employ to guard our gains or to increase them, we justify as last-ditch self-defense. We can, therefore, do no wrong. The myths of Israel forged during the formation of the state have hardened into this impenetrable, and dangerous, ideological shield." Antony Flew (1923-), Agency and Necessity; Power to the Parents: Reversing Educational Decline. Antony Flew (1923-) and Gary Robert Habermas (1950-) Did Jesus Rise from the Dead? The Resurrection Debate; Habermas goes on to pub. 40+ books, half of them attempting to prove Jesus' resurrection. John Lewis Gaddis (1941-), The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War. Henry Louis Gates Jr. (1950-) Figures in Black: Words, Signs and the "Racial" Self. Phyllis Lucille Gates (1925-2006) and Sara Davidson, My Husband ,Rock Hudson; her 1955-8 marriage with Cock Sudson, er, Rock Hardon, er, Hudson, which got her accused of being a lezzie; after she dies her friends reveal that she really was. Peter Gay (1923-2015), A Godless Jew: Freud, Atheism, and the Making of Psychoanalysis; claims that Freud couldn't have invented psychoanalysis without being an atheist. Todd Gitlin (1943-), The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage; pres. of the Students for a Dem. Society in 1963. James Gleick, Chaos: Making a New Science; introduces the Chaos Theory of Edward Norton Lorenz to the public. E.J. Gold (1941-), Life in the Labyrinth. Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (1953-2012), Enchanted City: Arthur Machen and Locality: Scenes from His Early London Years, 1880-85. Ernst Gombrich (1909-2001), Reflections on the History of Art: Views and Reviews (Sept. 23). Doris Kearns Goodwin (1943-), The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys: An American Saga. Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-2022), Perestroika: Our Hopes for the Country and the World. Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002), An Urchin in the Storm (essays); Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle; the modern geologist's concept of Deep Throat, er Deep Time, where the story of the rocks leads to the belief that the Earth is unfathomably old; "Consider the Earth's history as the old measure of the English yard, the distance from the King's nose to the tip of his outstretched hand. One stroke of a nail file on his middle finger erases human history." Stuart Hameroff (1947-), Ultimate Computing; claims that subneuronal cytoskeleton components might be the basic units of information processing rather than neurons; in 1992 he meets Roger Penrose, and they formulate the Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Orch-OR) Model of Consciousness, which claims that microtubules are the site for the quantum mechanism of the brain; on Jan. 16, 2014 an article is pub. in Physics of Life Reviews corroborating their theory. Willis Harman (1918-97) and Richard Smoke, Paths to Peace: Exploring the Feasibility of Sustainable Peace. Thomas Anthony Harris (1910-95) and Amy Bjork Harris, Staying OK (Nov.); sequel to "I'm OK, You're OK" (1969). Michel Henry (1922-2002), La Barbarie (The Barbarism). E.D. Hirsch Jr. (1928-), Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (Apr. 12); bestseller incl. 5K essential facts needed to understand lit. Shere Hite (1942-), The Hite Report on Love, Passion and Emotional Violence (Women in Love: A Cultural Revolution in Progress). Sidney Hook (1902-80), Out of Step (autobio.); New York Jewish Am. intellectual who goes from Marxism to Dem. Socialism to conservatism, and supports the Vietnam War along with Calif. gov. Ronald Reagan's decision to fire UCLA prof. Angela Davis. David Joel Horowitz (1939-) and Peter Collier, The Fords: An American Epic; Henry Ford, his son Edsel Ford, Henry II, and Harry Bennett. Robert Hughes (1938-), The Fatal Shore: The Epic of Australia's Founding; internat. bestseller about Australian penal colonies from 1770 on. Michael Ignatieff (1947-), The Russian Album; a Canadian descendant of Russian nobles. Naomi James (1949-), Courage at Sea: Tales of Heroic Voyages. Ann Jellicoe (1927-), Community Plays: How to Put Them On. Judy Jones and William Wilson, An Incomplete Education; compendium of missed educational tidbits. Pauline Kael (1919-2001), State of the Art: Film Writings 1983-1985. Stuart Kahan, The Wolf of the Kremlin: The First Biography of L.M. Kaganovich, the Soviet Union's Architect of Fear (Oct.); author claims to be his nephew, and to have interrogated him personally, claiming that he poisoned Stalin and planned anti-Jewish pogroms even though he is a "self-hating Jew", causing his family to pub. a public statement disputing him. Kitty Kelley (1942-), His Way: The Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra (Aug. 1). Adrienne Kennedy (1931-), People Who Led to My Plays (autobio.). Paul Michael Kennedy (1945-), The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000; big hit by Yale U. prof., predicting that the U.S. and Soviet Union will go down, and China and Japan go up, esp. after the former waste themselves on deficit spending for military power, while China sticks to Deng Xiaoping's Four Modernizations (agriculture, industry, science and military, in that order); "The historical record suggests that there is a very clear connection in the long run between an individual Great Power's economic rise and fall and its growth and decline as an important military power (or world empire)"; "So far as the international system is concerned, wealth and power, or economic strength and military strength, are always relative... and since all societies are subject to the inexorable tendency to change, then the international balances can never be still." Elisabeth Kubler-Ross (1926-2004), AIDS: The Ultimate Challenge. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), In Deep: Country Essays. Richard Landes (1949-), Essays on the Peace of God: The Chuch and the People in Eleventh-Century France (first book); launches his career specializing on apocalyptic movements of the year 1000, esp. the Western progressive left and their Arc of History and the Muslim Caliphaters. James Lardner, Fast Forward: Hollywood, the Japanese, and the VCR Wars (Apr.). Joseph P. Lash (1909-87), Dreamers and Dealers (posth.); the young intellectuals behind the New Deal. Robert Jay Lifton (1926-), The Future of Immortality and Other Essays for a Nuclear Age. Seymour Martin Lipset (1922-2006), The Confidence Gap: Business, Labor, and Government in the Public Mind (Mar. 1). Martin Emil Marty (1928-), Religion and Republic: The American Circumstance. Robert Mayer, The Dreams of Ada; Tommy Ward and Karl Fontenant are accused of the 1984 rape-murder of 24-y.-o. Denice Haraway, and screwed by prosecutor Bill Peterson in Ada "Kafka in" Okla., and end up on death row. Mary McCarthy (1912-89), How I Grew (autobio.). Larry McMurtry (1936-), Film Flam: Essays on Hollywood. John McPhee (1931-), Rising from the Plains (Nov. 1); Annals of the Former World, vol. 3. Louis Menand (1952-), Discoverning Modernism: T.S. Eliot and His Context (first book). Fatema Mernissi (1940-), The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Islam; Prophet Muhammad's wives. Merle Miller (1919-86), Lyndon: An Oral Biography. Kenneth Minogue (1930-2013) (ed.), Thatcherism: Personality and Politics. Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), Ruth Montgomery, Herald of the New Age. Elsa Morante (1912-85), Pro e Contro la Bomba Atomica (essays). Paul Mosley, Foreign Aid: Its Defense and Reform; proposes the Micro-Macro Paradox, where donor agencies regularly report success for most of their projects, while at the macro level there is no significant correlation between aid to developing countries and GDP growth rate. Richard John Neuhaus (1936-2009), The Catholic Moment: The Paradox of the Church in the Postmodern World. Haing Somnang Ngor (1940-96), Surviving the Killing Fields: Cambodian Odyssey (autobio.); Dith Pran in "The Killing Fields". Thomas Jacob Noel, Barbara S. Norgren, Denver, the City Beautiful and Its Architects, 1893-1941. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), Joseph Banks: A Life; English naturalist Joseph Banks (1743-1820), who accompanied Capt. James Cook. Peter S. Onuf (1945-), Statehood and Union: A History of the Northwest Ordinance. Robert Evan Ornstein (1942-) and David Sobel, The Healing Brain. P.J. O'Rourke (1947-), Republican Party Reptile: The Confessions, Adventures, Essays and Other Outrages; incl. "How to Drive Fast on Drugs While Getting Your Wing-Wang Squeezed and Not Spill Your Drink"; "I think our agenda is clear. We are opposed to: government spending, Kennedy kids, seat-belt laws, busing our children anywhere other than Yale, trailer courts near our vacation homes, all tiny Third World countries that don't have banking secrecy laws, aerobics, the UN, taxation without tax loopholes, and jewelry on men. We are in favor of: guns, drugs, fast cars, free love (if our wives don't find out), a sound dollar, and a strong military with spiffy uniforms. There are thousands of people in America who feel this way, especially after three or four drinks. If all of us would unite and work together, we could give this country... well, a real bad hangover." Michael Palumbo, The Palestinian Catastrophe: The 1948 Expulsion of a People from Their Homeland; Israeli atrocities against Arabs. Bill Parcells (1941-), Parcells: Autobiography of the Biggest Giant of Them All (with Mike Lupica). Brian Pearce (1915-2008), How Haig Saved Lenin. Harvey Pekar (1939-2010), More American Splendor. Walker Percy (1916-90), State of the Novel: Dying Art or New Science. Tom Peters (1942-) Thriving on Chaos: Handbook for Management Revolution. Roy Porter (1946-2002), A Social History of Madness: Stories of the Insane; Disease, Medicine, and Society in England, 1550-1860; Mind-Forg'd Manacles: A History of Madness in England from the Restoration to the Regency. Reynolds Price (1933-), A Common Room: Essays, 1954-1987. James Randi (1928-), The Faith Healers. Marcus Raskin (1934-) and Herbert J. Bernstein, New Ways of Knowing: The Sciences, Society, and Reconstructive Knowledge. Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), World Outside the Window: Selected Essays (posth.). Mark Rosenzweig (1922-2009), Enriched and Impoverished Environments: Effects on Brain and Behavior; his 1950s research proving brain plasticity. Barry Rubin (1950-2014), Modern Dictators: Third World Coup Makers, Strongmen, and Populist Tyrants. Simon Schama (1945-), The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age; the 17th cent. Dutch Golden Age, turning him into an art historian. Peter Dale Scott (1929-), The Iran-Contra Connection. Franz Schurmann (1924-), The Foreign Politics of Richard Nixon: The Grand Design. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), The Politics of Unemployment (Aug.); Debts and Deficits. Randy Shilts (1951-94), And the Band Played On: Politics, People and the AIDS Epidemic. Robert Sobel (1931-99), The New Game on Wall Street; Quality of Earnings: The Investor's Guide to How Much Money a Company is Really Making. Thomas Sowell (1930-), Compassion Versus Guilt and Other Essays; A Conflict of Visions: Ideological Origins of Political Struggles. Fritz Stern (1926-), Dreams and Delusions (essays). Whitley Strieber (1945-), Communion: A True Story (Feb. 25) (first nonfiction book) (NYT #1 bestseller) (2M copies); claims to have been abducted by ETs from his cabin in Upstate New York on the evening of Dec. 26, 1985; werewolf slash vampire novelist is an alien abductee too?; filmed in 1989 by Philippe Mora starring Christopher Walken and Lindsay Crouse; followed by "Transformation" (1988), which the book ed. of the "Los Angeles Times" calls fiction and places on its fiction list, pissing-off Strieber, who utters the soundbyte: "My book is a true story... Placing this book on the fiction list is an ugly example of exactly the kind of blind prejudice that has hurt human progress for many generations." Ronald Sukenick (1932-2004), Down and In - Life in the Underground: Bohemian to Hip to Beat to Rock and Punk - Mutiny in American Culture (autobio.). Kenneth R. Timmerman (1953-), Fanning the Flames: Guns, Greed, and Geopolitics in the Gulf War. Donald Trump (1946-) and Tony Schwartz, Trump: The Art of the Deal (Nov. 1); NYT bestseller (1M copies); tells Trump's Horatio Alger story with a lucky Wall Street film "Greed is Good" shine, and preaches an 11-step formula for business success based on Norman Vincent Peale's bestseller "The Power of Positive Thinking", incl. #1 (Think Big), #7 (Get the Word Out), and #10 (Contain the Costs); in 2016 ghostwriter Tony Schwartz expresses remorse, saying "I put lipstick on a pig", and that the true title should be "The Sociopath". Mamie Van Doren (1931-), Playing the Field: My Story (autobio.) (Sept. 21). Michael Walzer (1935-), Interpretation and Social Criticism. Joseph Wambaugh (1937-), Echoes in the Darkness; the murder case of h.s. teacher Susan Reinart. Benjamin J. Wattenberg (1933-), The Birth Dearth; laments low birth rates in the U.S. and Europe. Vanna White (1957-) (with Patricia Romanowski), Vanna Speaks (autobio.); foreword by Pat Sajak. Stuart Wilde (1946-), Life Was Never Meant to Be a Struggle. Garry Wills (1934-), Reagan's America: Innocents at Home; claims most of Reagan's autobio. is myths; "Despite Reagan's love for a raptly imagined future, he never lost his love for an equally imaginary past." Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Wilhelm Reich in Hell; orgone promoter Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957). William Julius Wilson (1935-), The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy; denies that welfare causes ghetto poverty, and blames it on "spatial mismatch", where black women find it unwise to marry the fathers of their children because of their chronic unemployment. William Wilson (1948-99), An Incomplete Education. George Woodcock (1912-95), Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: A Biography. Bob Woodward (1943-), Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA, 1981-1987. Roger J. Woolger (1944-2011), Other Lives, Other Selves: A Jungian Psychotherapist Discovers Past Lives; pioneers the Deep Memory Process. Peter Wright (1916-95) and Paul Greengrass (1955-), Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer; former MI5 officer Wright talks, causing the British govt. to try to ban it, making it more popular? Al Young (1939-), Things Ain't What They Used to Be: Musical Memoirs. Art: Dale Chisman (1943-2008), Akhenaten I (collage). Jasper Johns (1930-), The Seasons (Fall). Roberto Matta (1911-2002), D'Ame et d'Eve. Philip Pearlstein (1924-), Nude Female with Two Minstrel Marionettes. Andres Serrano (1950-), Piss Christ; photo of a crucifix in a glass of Serrano's urine, underwritten by the U.S. Nat. Endowment for the Arts, causing an outcry accusing it of blasphemy; in 1999 it is sold for $277K. Malcah Zeldis (1931-), Miss Liberty Celebration. Music: 10cc, Changing Faces: The Very Best of 10cc and Godley & Creme (album). Bryan Adams (1959-), Into the Fire (album #5) (Mar. 30); sells 2M copies; incl. Into the Fire, Heat of the Night, Hearts on Fire. John Coolidge Adams (1947-), Nixon in China (opera) (Houston Grand Opera) (Oct. 22); about the historic 1972 visit; incl. Arrival Scene, Banquet Scene, I'm the Wife of Mao Tse-tung, Flesh Rebels. Aerosmith, Permanent Vacation (album #9) (Aug. 18); incl. Dude (Looks Like a Lady), Angel, Rag Doll. Dead or Alive, Mad, Bad, and Dangerous to Know (album #3) (Feb.); incl. Brand New Lover; Rip It Up (album). Anthrax, Among the Living (album #3) (Mar. 22); dedicated to bassist Cliff Burton; last with bassist Danny Lilker; only Anthrax album with a title track; incl. Among the Living, Indians. Rick Astley (1966-), Whenever You Need Somebody (album) (Nov. 16) (#7 in the U.S.); incl. Never Gonna Give You Up (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); in 2007 "Rickrolling" (forcing somebody to listen to this song) becomes a popular prank. Joan Baez (1941-), Recently (album) (July); first album of new material since 1979; incl. Brothers in Arms (by Mark Knopfler). Bananarama, Wow! (album #4) (Sept.) (#44 in the U.S., #26 in the U.K.); last to chart in the U.S.; incl. I Heard a Rumour, Love in the First Degree. Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) and the Banshees, Through the Looking Glass (album #8) (Mar. 2); all covers; incl. Strange Fruit. Moody Blues, Prelude (album #13) (Oct. 26). David Bowie (1947-2016), Never Let Me Down (album) (Apr. 27) ("my nadir"); incl. Day-In, Day-Out, Time Will Crawl, Never Let Me Down. Pet Shop Boys, Actually (album #2) (Sept. 7); sells 4M copies; incl. It's a Sin (June 15); What Have I Done to Deserve This? (with Dusty Springfield) (Aug. 10), Rent, It's a Sin, Heart, King's Cross (Sept. 7). Laura Branigan (1952-2004), Touch (album #5) (July); incl. Shattered Glass, The Power of Love. Echo and the Bunnymen, Echo and the Bunnymen (album #5) (July 6) (#51 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); last with Ian McCulloch and Pete de Freitas; incl. The Game, Lips Like Sugar, Bedbugs and Ballyhooo. Eric Carmen (1949-), Hungry Eyes (Nov. 7) (#4 in the U.S.); featured in the film "Dirty Dancing". Mary Chapin Carpenter (1958-), Hometown Girl (album) (debut) (July 30). The Cars, door-to-door (album #6) (last album) (Aug. 25); after being panned by the critics, they break up next year. Cher (1946-), Cher (album #19) (Nov. 10); sells 13M copies; incl. I Found Someone, We All Sleep Alone. Gene Clark (1944-91), Firebyrd (album). Gene Clark (1944-91) and Carla Olson, So Rebellious a Lover (album). Joe Cocker (1944-2014), Unchain My Heart (album #11) (Oct.); incl. Unchain My Heart (used by Miller Lite). Judy Collins (1939-), Trust Your Heart (album #18). Alice Coltrane (1937-2007), Turiyasangitananda, Divine Songs (album). Elvis Costello (1954-), Out of Our Idiot (album). The Cramps, Rockin n Reelinin Auckland New Zealand XXX (album). Motley Crue, Girls, Girls, Girls (album #4) (May 15) (#2 in the U.S.) (4M copies); incl. Girls, Girls, Girls (#12 in the U.S.), Wild Side, You're All I Need (#83 in the U.S.). The Cure, Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me (album #7) (double album) (May 25) (#35 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.); incl. Just Like Heaven (#40 in the U.S.), Hey You!, Catch, Why Can't I Be You? (#54 in the U.S.), Hot Hot Hot!!! Martha Davis (1951-), Policy (album) (solo debut) (Oct.); incl. Don't Tell Me the Time. Taylor Dayne (1962-), Tell It To My Heart (debut) (Nov. 6) (#7 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.) The Grateful Dead, In the Dark (album #12) (July 6) (only album to reach the Billboard 200 top-10); incl. Touch of Grey ("I will get by/ I will survive") (big hit, taking them mainstream finally), Hell in a Bucket, Throwing Stones. Dokken, Back for the Attack (album #4) (last album) (Nov. 27) (#13 in the U.S.); incl. Mr. Scary, Heaven Sent, Burning Like a Flame (#79 in the U.S.). The Goo Goo Dolls, Goo Goo Dolls (album) (debut); originally the Sex Maggots; from Buffalo, N.Y., incl. John Joseph Theodore "Johnny" Rzeznik (Polish "butcher") (1965-) and Robert Carl "Robby" Takac Jr. (1964-); incl. I'm Addicted. Husker Du, Warehouse: Songs and Stories (album #6) (last album) (double album) (Jan. 5); incl. Ice Cold Ice, Could You Be the One?, She's A Woman (And Now He Is A Man). Public Enemy, Yo! Bum Rush the Show (album) (debut) (Jan. 26) (#125 in the U.S.); from Roosevelt, N.Y., incl. Chuck D (Carlton Douglas Ridenhour) (1960-), Flavor Flav (William Jonathan Drayton Jr.) (1959-), Professor Griff, and DJ Lord; incl. You're Gonna Get Yours. Enya (1961-), Enya (album) (debut). Eric B. & Rakim, Paid in Full (album) (debut) (July 7) (#58 in the U.S.) (1M copies); from New York City, incl. DJ Eric Barrier (1965-) and MC Rakim (William Michael Griffin Jr.); incl. Paid in Full, Eric B. Is President, I Ain't No Joke, I Know You Got Soul. Gloria Estefan (1957-) and the Miami Sound Machine, Let It Loose (Anything for You) (album #10) (June 1) (#6 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. Can't Stay Way from You, Rhythm Is Gonna Get You, 1-2-3, Anything for You. The Eurythmics, Savage (album #7) (Nov.); incl. Beethoven (I Love to Listen To), You Have Placed a Chill in My Heart, Shame, I Need a Man. Exodus, Pleasures of the Flesh (album #2) (Oct. 7); first with Steve Souza (vocals); incl. Pleasures of the Flesh. Brian Ferry (1945-), Bete Noire (album) (Nov. 2); incl. The Right Stuff. Earth, Wind, and Fire, Touch the World (album #14) (Oct.) (#33 in the U.S.); incl. Touch the World, You & I, System of Survival (#60 in the U.S.), Evil Roy, Thinking of You (#67 in the U.S.). Aretha Franklin (1942-2018) and George Michael (1963-2016), I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me); written by Simon Climie (1957-) and Dennis Morgan (1952-). Dan Fogelberg (1951-2007), Exiles (album) (June 1); incl. Seeing You Again. Foreigner, Inside Information (album #6) (Dec. 4) (#15 in the U.S.); incl. Say You Will (#6 in the U.S.), I Don't Want to Live Without You (#5 in the U.S.), Heart Turns to Stone. Serge Gainsbourg (1928-91), You're Under Arrest (last album); incl. You're Under Arrest. France Gall (1947-), Babacar (album); incl. Babacar, Ella, Elle L'a. Bee Gees, E.S.P. (album #17) (Sept.); sells 3M copies; their first to be recorded digitally; incl. E.S.P., You Win Again. Debbie Gibson (1970-), Out of the Blue (album) (debut) (Aug. 18) (#7 in the U.S., #26 in the U.K.) (8M copies, incl. 3M in the U.S.); incl. Foolish Beat (#1 in the U.S.) (youngest female to write, record and perform a Billboard #1 single until ?), Shake Your Love (#4 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.), Only in My Dreams, Out of the Blue, Staying Together, Red Hot. Glen Goldsmith (1965-), I Won't Cry. Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Chill Factor (album); incl. Twinkle, Twinkle, Lucky Star. MC Hammer (Stanley Kirk Burrell) (1962-), Feel My Power (album) (debut) (Bustin' Records); former batboy with the Oakland A's borrows money from the players to start his own label, and sells 60K copies via his own distribution network with 100 employees selling out of car trunks, resulting in Capitol Records signing him; Reggie Jackson gave him the nickname Hammer for his resemblance to Hammerin' Hank Aaron; incl. Feel My Power. Herbie Hancock (1940-) and Foday Musa Suso, Jazz Africa (album). Tim Hardin (1941-80), The Homecoming Concert (album) (posth.); incl. Misty Roses. Emmylou Harris (1947-), Angel Band (album) (Nov.). George Harrison (1943-2001), Cloud Nine (album) (Nov. 2) (last album) (#8 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.); incl. Got My Mind Set on You (#1 in the U.S.); cover of a 1962 James Ray song; last ex-Beatle with a #1 U.S. hit, giving him three, vs. two for John Lennon, two for Ringo Starr, and nine for Paul McCartney. Men Without Hats, Pop Goes the World (album #3) (June 29); incl. Pop Goes the World (#20 in the U.S.). Heart, Bad Animals (album #10) (June 6) (#2 in the U.S.) (5M copies); incl. Alone (#1 in the U.S.), Who Will You Run To? (#7 in the U.S.), There's the Girl (#12 in the U.S.), I Want You So Bad (#47 in the U.S.). Whitney Houston (1963-2012), Whitney (album #2) (June 2) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); sells 20M copies; first album by a female to debut at #1 on the Billboard Top 200; incl. I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.), Didn't We Almost Have It All (#1 in the U.S., #14 in the U.K.), So Emotional (#1 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.), Where Do Broken Hearts Go (#1 in the U.S., #14 in the U.K.), giving her seven consecutive #1 hits, breaking the record set by the Beatles and Bee Gees. Public Image Ltd., Happy? (album #6). INXS, Kick (album #6) (Oct. 19); their best-selling album (6M copies); incl. New Sensation, Never Tear Us Apart, Devil Inside, Need You Tonight. LL Cool J (1968-), Bigger and Deffer (album #2) (July 22) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. I'm Bad (#84 in the U.S.), I Need Love (#14 in the U.S.), Go Cut Creator Go. Michael Jackson (1958-2009), Bad (album #7) (Aug. 31); sells 30M copies (8M in the U.S.); first album with five #1 Billboard singles, incl. Bad, Dirty Diana, I Just Can't Stop Loving You, Man in the Mirror, The Way You Make Me Feel, along with Smooth Criminal (about Annie, who is attacked in her apt. by a smooth assailant). Mick Jagger (1943-), Primitive Cool (album #2) (Sept. 14); incl. Primitive Cool, War Baby. Billy Joel (1949-), Kontsert (Concert) (album); his Soviet Union tour; incl. Back in the USSR. Elton John (1947-), Live in Australia with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (album) (June); recorded June 14, 1986; Elton John's Greatest Hits Vol. 3 (1979-1987) (album) (Sept.). Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips, All Our Love (album); final album together; incl. Love Overboard. Alison Krauss (1971-), Too Late to Cry (album #2). Laibach, Opus Dei (album #4). k.d. lang (1961-) and the Reclines, Angel with a Lariat (album #2) (July 7); incl. Angel with a Lariat, Pay Dirt. The La's, Way Out (debut); Beatles near-clone group from Liverpool, England, incl. Mark Badger, Lee Mavers, John Power (bass). Def Leppard, Hysteria (album #4) (Aug. 3); sells 20M copies; incl. Hysteria, Love Bites, Women, Animal, Pour Some Sugar on Me, Armageddon It, Rocket. Level 42, Running in the Family (album #7) (Mar.); last with Phil and Rowland Gould; incl. Lessons in Love (#3 in the U.K.), Running in the Family (#6 in the U.K.), To Be With You Again (#10 in the U.K.), It's Over (#10 in the U.K.), Children Say (#22 in the U.K.). The Flaming Lips, Oh My Gawd!!! (album #2). Fleetwood Mac, Tango in the Night (album #13) (Apr. 13); incl. Little Lies, Everywhere, Seven Wonders, Big Love, Family Man, Isn't It Midnight. 10,000 Maniacs, In My Tribe (album #3) (July 27) (#37 in the U.S.); incl. Like the Weather (#37 in the U.S.), What's the Matter Here? (#80), Hey Jack Kerouac. Madonna (1958-), Who's That Girl Soundtrack (album) (July 21); incl. Who's That Girl, Causing a Commotion, The Look of Love; You Can Dance (album) (Nov. 30); incl. Spotlight. Barry Manilow (1943-), Swing Street (album); mostly duets. Paul McCartney (1942-), All the Best! (album) (Nov. 2) (#2 in the U.K.); incl. Once Upon a Long Ago. Reba McEntire (1955-), Greatest Hits (album); The Last One to Know (album #13) (Sept. 7); incl. The Last One to Know, Love Will Find Its Way to You; Merry Christmas to You (album #14) (last to display her last name on the cover). John Cougar Mellencamp (1951-), The Lonesome Jubilee (album #9) (Aug. 4); Lindsey Buckingham quits the band in Aug. (until 1997); incl. Paper in Fire, Cherry Bomb. George Michael (1963-2016), Faith (album) (solo debut) (Oct. 30) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); sells 20M copies; incl. Faith, I Want Your Sex, One More Try. The Dead Milkmen, Bucky Fellini (album #3); incl. Big Time Operator, Instant Club Hit (You'll Dance to Anything), Watching Scotty Die. Stephanie Mills (1957-), Stephanie Mills (album); incl. I Feel Good All Over, Jesse, Secret Lady. Kylie Minogue (1968-), The Locomotion (by Gerry Goffin and Carole King) (July 28) (#3 in the U.S., #12 in the U.K., #1 in Australia). Mr. Mister, Go On... (album #3) (album) (Sept. 8); incl. Stand and Deliver Theme, Healing Waters, Something Real (Inside Me/Inside You). Depeche Mode, Music for the Masses (album #6) (Sept. 28); incl. Strangelove, Never Let Me Down Again, Behind the Wheel, Little 15. Faith No More, Introduce Yourself (album #2) (Apr.); incl. We Care A Lot, Annie's Song. Van Morrison (1945-), Poetic Champions Compose (album #17) (Sept.); incl. Queen of the Slipstream. Motorhead, Rock 'N' Roll (album #8) (Sept. 15) (#34 in the U.K.); incl. Eat the Rich (from the 1987 Peter Richardson film). Justified Ancients of Mu Mu, 1987 (What the Fuck Is Going On?) (album) (debut) (June); from England, incl. King Boy D (Bill Drummond), Rockman Rock (Jimmy Cauty), Ricardo Layte; their use of unauthorized samples gets them an order to dispose of all copies, making the surviving copies more popular? Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Americana (album #13); incl. A Long Line of Love. Vomito Negro, Dare (album #2); Stay Alive (album #3). Willie Nelson (1933-), Island in the Sea (album); incl. Island in the Sea. Juice Newton (1952-), Emotion (album); incl. Tell Me True, First Time Caller. Sinead O'Connor (1966-), The Lion and the Cobra (album) (debut) (Nov. 4) (#36 in the U.S.) (#27 in the U.K.); sells 2.5M copies; incl. Mandinka, I Want Your (Hands on Me), Jerusalem, Troy. Oingo Boingo, Boi-ngo (album #5) (Mar. 2); incl. Home Again (from 1997 the film "Home Alone 3"). Roy Orbison (1936-88), Crying (with kd lang)/ Falling (Nov.). Ozzy Osbourne (1948-), Tribute (album) (Mar. 19). Scherrie Payne (1944-), Incredible (album); incl. Testify. Red Hot Chili Peppers, The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (album); incl. Fight Like a Brave, Me and My Friends, Skinny Sweaty Man. Tom Petty (1950-2017) and The Heartbreakers, Let Me Up (I've Had Enough) (album) (Apr. 21); incl. Let Me Up (I've Had Enough), Jamming Me (co-written by Bob Dylan). The Pixies, Come on Pilgrim (album) (debut) (Sept. 28); from Boston, Mass., incl. Black Francis (Charles Michael Kittridge Thompson IV) (1965-), Kimberley Ann "Kim" Deal (1961-), David "Dave" Lovering (1961-), Joseph Alberto "Joey" Santiago (1965-); incl. Caribou, Isla De Encanta. The Pogues with the Dubliners, The Irish Rover. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), The Gift of Time (album). Possessed, The Eyes of Horror (EP). Judas Priest, Priest... Live! (album). Prince (1958-2016), Sign o' the Times (double album) (July 6)); incl. "Sign o' the Times", "You Got the Look", "If I Was Your Girlfriend", "Strange Relationship"; The Black Album (The Funk Bible) (album) (Dec. 8) (catalog #25677); pure black cover; widely pirated. Skinny Puppy, Cleanse Fold and Manipulate (album #3) (June 25); incl. Deep Down Trauma Hounds. Faster Pussycat, Faster Pussycat (album) (debut) (July 7) (#97 in the U.S.); from LA, incl. Taime Downe (Gustave Molvik) (1964-) (vocals), Greg Steele (guitar), Brent Muscat (1967-) (guitar), Kelly Nickels (1962-) (bass), and Mark Michals (drums); incl. Don't Change That Song, Bathroom Wall, Babylon. The Ramones, Halfway to Sanity (album #10) (Sept. 15); last with Richie Ramone; incl. I Wanna Live, Garden of Serenity. Night Ranger, Big Life (album #4) (Mar.); incl. The Secret of My Success (from the 1987 Michael J. Fox film) (#64 in the U.S.). Sacred Reich, Ignorance (album #2). Steve Reich (1936-), Electric Counterpoint. R.E.M., Document (album #5) (Sept. 1); incl. The One I Love (#9 in the U.S.), Finest Worksong, It's the End of the World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine). The Replacements, Pleased to Meet Me (album #5) (June 17) (#131 in the U.S.); incl. Can't Hardly Wait, Alex Chilton, IOU (based on the autograph "IOU nothing" by Iggy Pop), The Ledge (banned by MTV), Skyway. Keith Richards (1943-) and X-pensive Winos, Talk Is Cheap (album) (Oct. 4); incl. You Take It So Hard. Love and Rockets, Earth, Sun, Moon (album #3) (Sept. 9) (#64 in the U.S.); incl. Earth, Sun, Moon, No New Tale to Tell. Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Canciones de Mi Padre (album #11); incl. Tu Solo Tu, Por un Amor, Los Laureles. Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Dolly Parton (1946-), Emmylou Harris (1947-), Trio (album) (July 7); "Appalachia circa 1907". Guns N' Roses, Appetite for Destruction (album) (debut) (July 21); best selling debut in history (until ?) (last Boston); sells 28M copies; from Hollywood, Calif., incl. Axl Rose (1962-) (anagram for oral sex) (vocals), Slash (Saul Hudson) (1965-) (guitar), Daren Jay Ashba (1972-), Steven "Steve" Adler (1965-) (drums); incl. Welcome to the Jungle, Sweet Child o'Mine, Paradise City, It's So Easy, Nighttrain. Rush, Hold Your Fire (album #12) (Sept. 8); incl. Mission. Black Sabbath, The Eternal Idol (album #13) (Dec. 8); incl. Eternal Idol, The Shining, Hard Life to Love. Bernie Sanders (1941-), We Shall Overcome (album) (Dec. 12). Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Africa (album); Oh Lord, Let Me Do No Wrong (album) (July 13). Joe Satriani (1956-), Surfing With the Alien (album #2) (Oct.) (#29 in the U.S.); incl. Surfing with the Alien, Satch Boogie, Always With Me, Always With You. Primal Scream, Sonic Flower Groove (album) (debut) (Sept.); from Glasgow, Scotland, incl. Robert "Bobby" Gillespie (1962-) (vocals) and Jim Beattie; incl. Sonic Sister Love. Pete Seeger (1919-2014), Pete (album); his first Grammy. Selena (1971-95), And the Winner Is... (album #5) (May 26); incl. Yo Te Dare. Carly Simon (1945-), Coming Around Again (album) (July 7); incl. Coming Around Again, Itsy Bitsy Spider (both from the 1986 film "Heartburn"). Twisted Sister, Love Is for Suckers (album #5) (last album) (#74 in the U.S., #57 in the U.K.); incl. Hot Love. Sister Sledge and Chic, Freak Out (album #9); incl. Freak Out. The Smiths, Strangeways, Here We Come (album #4) (last album) (Sept. 28) (#2 in the U.K.); incl. I Started Something I Couldn't Finish, Girlfriend in a Coma, Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before, Last Night I Dreamt That Somebody Loved Me, Death of a Disco Dancer. Bruce Springsteen (1949-), Tunnel of Love (album #8) (Oct. 9) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Tunnel of Love (#9 in the U.S.), Brilliant Disguise (#5 in the U.S.), One Step Up (#11 in the U.S.), Tougher Than the Rest, Spare Parts. Starship, Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now (Jan. 30) (#1 U.S., #1 U.K.); Grace Slick (47) becomes the oldest female artist with a #1 U.S. single until Cher's "Believe" in 1999; featured in the 1987 film "Mannequin"; No Protection (album #2) (July 27). Steppenwolf, Rock & Roll Rebels (album #11). Ray Stevens (1939-), Crackin' Up (album); incl. Would Jesus Wear a Rolex. Al Stewart (1945-), Last Days of the Century (album #12) (Sept.). Donna Summer (1948-2012), All Systems Go (album #13) (Sept. 15); incl. All Systems Go. Supertramp, Free As a Bird (album #10) (Oct.) (#101 in the U.S.) (first not to make the top-100 since 1971); first with Mark Hart; they turn to dance music; incl. Free As a Bird, I'm Beggin' You. Swans, Children of God (album #7); incl. New Mind. Suicidal Tendencies, Join the Army (album #2) (June 9) (#100 in the U.S.); incl. Possessed to Skate, War Inside My Head, Suicidal Maniac. Testament, The Legacy (album) (debut) (Apr. 21); originally Legacy; thrash metal band from Berkeley, Calif., incl. Chuck Billy (1962-) (vocals), Eric Peterson (1964-) (guitar), Greg Christian (1966-) (bass), Alexander Nathan "Alex" Skolnick (1968-) (guitar), Louie Clemente (1965-) (drums); incl. The Haunting; Live at Eindhoven. Pretty Things, Out of the Island (album #11); incl. Cry to Me, Baby Doll. Tiffany (1971-), Tiffany (#1 in the U.S.) (4.1M copies in the U.S. afer she promotes it on a shopping mall tour around the U.S.); incl. I Think We're Alone Now (#1 in the U.S.), Could've Been (#1 in the U.S.), I Saw Him Standing There (by the Beatles). Randy Travis (1959-), Always and Forever (album) (Jan. 1); incl. Forever and Ever, Amen, No Place Like Home, Diggin' Up Bones. Tanya Tucker (1958-), I Won't Take Less Than Your Love (w/Paul Davis and Paul Overstreet) (Oct.) (#1 country). Jethro Tull, Crest of a Knave (album #17) (Sept. 11). Thompson Twins, Close to the Bone (album #6) (Mar. 31) (#76 in the U.S., #90 in the U.K.); first without Joe Leeway; a flop; incl. Get That Love (#31 in the U.S.). U2, The Joshua Tree (album #5) (Mar. 9) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); their magnum opus; sells 25M copies; incl. Where the Streets Have No Name, I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For, With or Without You. Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), When Your Old Wedding Ring Was New. Suzanne Vega (1959-), Solitude Standing (album #2) (Apr. 1) (#11 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. Luka (#3 in the U.S., #23 in the U.K.), Solitude Standing (#94 in the U.S.), Tom's Diner. Wall of Voodoo, Happy Planet (album #4); incl. Do It Again (by the Beach Boys). Tom Waits (1949-), Franks Wild Years (album) (Aug. 17); for his play that debut on June 22, 1986 at the Steppenwolf Theatre in Chicago, Ill.; incl. Temptation, Way Down in the Hole. Joe Walsh (1947-), Got Any Gum? (album #8) (Oct. 29); incl. The Radio Song. Jennifer Warnes (1947-), Famous Blue Raincoat: Songs of Leonard Cohen (album #6) (Nov.); tribute to Canadian singer Leonard Cohen (1934-2016); rekindles his career in the U.S.; incl. Famous Blue Raincoat, Joan of Arc, Bird On a Wire, Ain't No Cure for Love, First We Take Manhattan. Dionne Warwick (1940-), Reservations for Two (album); incl. Reservations for Two (w/ Kashif), Heartbreak of Love (w/June Pointer), Love Power (w/Jeffrey Osborne), You're My Hero (w/Smokey Robinson), Close Enough. Roger Waters (1943-), Radio K.A.O.S. (album #2) (June 15); incl. The Tide Is Turning. Great White, Once Bitten... (album #3) (July) (#23 in the U.S.) (1M copies); incl. Rock Me (#60 in the U.S.), Save Your Love (#57 in the U.S.); On Your Knees (EP). Whitesnake, Whitesnake (1987) (Serpens Albus) (album #8) (Apr. 7) (#2 in the U.S.) (8M copies in the U.S.); David Coverdale fires the band members again; incl. Is This Love, Crying in the Rain, Still of the Night, Give Me All Your Love, Here I Go Again (David Coverdale's babe Tawny Kitaen appears in the video in a white negligee on the hood of a Jaguar). Kim Wilde, You Keep Me Hangin' On. Deniece Williams (1950-), Never Say Never. Bruce Willis (1955-), Respect Yourself; reaches #5 in Jan. Steve Winwood (1948-), Chronicles (album) (Oct. 9). Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Higher Ground (album); incl. Your Love, Talkin' to Myself Again, Beneath a Painted Sky (her last top 40 country single). XTC, Psonic Psunspot (album #9) (Aug.); released under the alias The Dukes of the Stratosphear; incl. Vanishing Girl, You're My Drug, Pale and Precious, You're A Good Man Albert Brown (Curse You Red Barrel). Yello, One Second (album #5); incl. The Rhythm Divine (w/Shirley Bassey), Call It Love. Yes, Big Generator (album #12) (Sept. 28); incl. Love Will Find a Way, Rhythm of Love (last U.S. top 40 hit). Dwight Yoakam (1956-), Hillbilly Deluxe (album #2) (July 7) (#1 country); incl. Please, Please Baby, Little Ways, Little Sister. Neil Young (1945-) and Crazy Horse, Life (album) (June 30); incl. Long Walk Home; his last album with Geffen Records. Frank Zappa (1940-93), London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. 2 (album) (Sept. 17); The Old Masters: Box Three (album) (Dec.). Movies: Alan Parker's Angel Heart (Mar. 6), based on the William Hjortsberg novel about the occult world of 1955 voodootown New Orleans stars Mickey Rourke as sleazy New York detective Harry Angel, who has a steamy sex scene with Lisa Bonet; Robert De Niro plays Louis Cyphre (Lucifer). Louis Malle's Au Revoir, Les Enfants (Dec. 7), based on Malle's childhood is about three Jewish boys hiding in a Roman Catholic boarding school during the Nazi occupation of France and hooking up with French Catholic Julien Quintin. Gabriel Axel's Babette's Feast (Aug. 28), based on a story by Isak Dinesen stars Stephane Audran as cook Babette Hersant, who wins a 10K franc lottery and uses it to prepare a "real French dinner" for 12; "Now you will be poor the rest of your life"; "An artist is never poor." Peter Jackson's Bad Taste (Dec. 11) (WingNut Films) (Image Entertainment) is about the Kiwi village of Kaihoro being invaded by disguised aliens that want to harvest humans for their intergalactic fast food franchise, and face a bumbling 4-man paramilitary force; helps Jackson's budding film career take off; does $150K box office on a $25K budget. Barbet Schroeder's Barfly (Oct. 16) stars Mickey Rourke as Los Angeles writer Henry Chinaski (alter ego of Charles Bukowski), who does it while drinking like a fish with Faye Dunaway and Alice Krige; does $3.2M box office on a $3M budget. John Flynn's Best Seller (Sept. 25) (Orion Pictures) stars James Woods as career hitman Cleve, who hires veteran police officer Dennis Meechum (Brian Dennehy) to write his life story "The Fall of David Madlock and Kappa International"; Paul Shenar plays Kappa International founder David Madlock; "Remember, I'm the hero." Jim McBride's The Big Easy (Aug. 21) stars Dennis Quaid as a New Orleans dick, and Ellen Barkin as a sexually-awake prosecutor, establishing her as a sex symbol. Ron Casden's Campus Man, filmed at Arizona State U. stars John Dye as business student Todd Barrett, who tries to get rich selling pinup calendars of male athletes to women, esp. diver Brett Wilson (Steve Lyon), and gets involved with pinup-worthy loan shark Cactus Jack (Miles O'Keeffe); also stars Kim Delaney, Morgan Fairchild, and Kathleen Wilhoite. Steve Rash's Can't Buy Me Love (Aug. 14) stars Patrick Dempsey as teenie nerd Ronald Miller, who hires the #1 cheerleader Cindy Mancini (Amanda Peterson) to be his girl to be cool; features the song I Got You by Nick Carter. Nikita Mikhalkov's Dark Eyes (Nov.) (Les Yeux Noirs, Ochi Chiornie) is Marcello Mastroianni's consummate performance? John Huston's The Dead (Dec. 17) (his last film), based on the 1914 James Joyce work stars his daughter Angjelica Huston as Gretta Conroy, and is written by his son Tony Huston. Emile Ardolino's Dirty Dancing (Aug. 21), dir. by openly gay dir.-producer Emile Ardolino (1943-93), written by Eleanor Bergstein, and choreographed by Kenny Ortega lets Patrick Swayze (as Johnny Castle) show off his ballet training with Jennifer Grey (as 17-y.-o. Jewish princess Frances "Baby" Houseman) (who starred with him in survival flick "Red Dawn") at a summer resort in 1963 in the Catskill Mts. of N.Y., making Swayze a star as it becomes one of the #1 chick flicks of all time, earning $300M worldwide; like "An Officer and a Gentleman", it wins a best song Oscar, for (I've Had) The Time of My Life by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes; the dancing finale features Johnny holding Frances up high after rescuing her from her daddy Jerry Orbach with the soundbyte "Nobody puts Baby in a corner." David Hugh Jones' 84 Charing Cross Road (Feb. 13), based on the book by Helene Hanff stars Anne Bancroft as New York scriptreader Helene Hanff, and Anthony Hopkins as London bookseller Frank P. Doel, whom she corresponds and gets amorous with over two bookish decades. Adrian Lyne's Fatal Attraction (Sept. 18) scares millions with its portrayal of scorned lover Alex Forrest (Glenn Close) stalking married New York City atty. Dan Gallagher (Michael Douglas), and boiling pet bunny Whitey, with his wife Beth (Anne Archer) caught in the middle; "I'm not going to be ignored, Dan." Tom Holland's Fatal Beauty (Oct. 30) stars Whoopi Goldbert as undercover narc Rita Rizzoli; does $12M box office. Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket (June 17), (Warner Bros.), based on the 1979 Gustav Hasford novel "The Short-Timers" about USMC recruits at Parris Island and their experience in the Vietnam War Tet Offensive stars Matthew Modine as Pvt. J.T. "Joker" Davis, who wears a peace sign on his uniform and the words "Born to Kill" on his M1 helmet, and goes on to cover the Tet Offensive for Stars and Stripes; after gaining a record 70 lbs. for the role, Vincent D'Onofrio plays overweight Pvt. Leonard "Gomer Pyle" Lawrence; makes a star of real-life Vietnam War USMC drill instructor R. (Ronald) Lee Ermey (1944-) as Marine Corps Gny. Sgt. Hartman, who punishes raw recruits until they crack or become Marines; does $46.4M box office on a $30M budget. Tibor Takacs' PG-13 The Gate (May 15) (Alliance Entertainment) (New Century Entertainment) (Vista Org.), written by Michael Nankin about a backyard hole that is a gateway to Hell stars Stephen Dorff in his film debut; does $13.5M box office on a $6M budget; followed by "Gate II: Trespassers" (1990). John Irvin's Hamburger Hill (Aug. 28), about the May 1969 Battle of Hamburger Hill (Hill #937) in Vietnam stars Dylan McDermott as Sgt. Frantz, Anthony Barrile as Vincent "Alphabet" Languilli, Michael Boatman as Motown, Don Cheadle as Pvt. Washburn, and Tim Quill as Pvt. Joe Beletsky in an attempt to make it climax into a moment of racial understanding as they all share a sweaty canteen at the top. Taylor Hackford's Hail, Hail Rock 'n' Roll (Oct. 9) is a tribute to Chuck Berry filmed on his 60th birthday; a pet project of Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones, who was pissed-off at Mick Jagger's touring solo? John G. Avildsen's Happy New Year (Aug. 7) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1973 French film "La Bonne Annee" dir. by Claude Lelouch (who has a cameo) stars Peter Falk and Charles Durning as aging thieves Nick and Charlie, who try for their last score in Palm Beach, Fla. at a Harry Winston jewelry store, with Nick dressing as an old woman and old man to set up store mg. Edward Saunders (Tom Courtenay) while wooing antique shop owner Carolyn (Wendy Hughes); although it's supposed to be a comedy, anybody could recognize Falk's distinctive voice no matter what disguise he wears? Clive Barker's Hellraiser (Sept. 10) (Film Futures) (New World Pictures) (Entertainment Film Distributors), debuts, based on the 1986 novella "The Hellbound Heart", starring Sean Chapman as Frank, who has his body torn to pieces by Cenobites (formerly human monsters who harvest human souls to torture in S&M experiments, opening a door to another dimension) led by Pinhead (Doug Bradley); Andrew Robinson plays Frank's brother Larry Cotton, Clare Higgins plays his wife Julia Cotton, and Ashley Laurence plays his daughter Kirsty Cotton; does $14M box office on a $1M budget; the dir. debut of Liverpool, England-born Clive Barker (1952-); spawns sequels incl. "Hellbound: Hellraiser II" (1988), "Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth" (1992), "Hellraiser: Bloodline" (1996), "Hellraiser: Inferno" (2000), "Hellraiser: Hellseeker" (2002), "Hellraiser: Deader" (2005), "Hellraiser: Hellworld" (2005), "Hellraiser: Revelations" (2011), "Hellraiser: Judgment" (2018). Robert Townsend's Hollywood Shuffle (Mar. 20) stars Townsend as aspiring black actor Bobby Taylor, who keeps getting told that he isn't black enough; does $5.2M on a $10K budget. John Boorman's Hope and Glory (Nov. 13) (Goldcrest Films) (Columbia Pictures) is about the Rohan family during the WWII Blitz, incl. Billy (Sebastian Rice-Edwards), Grace (Sarah Miles), Clive (David Hayman), Sue (Geraldine Muir), and Dawn (Sammi Davis). David Mamet's House of Games (Oct. 11) (Orion Pictures), Mamet's dir. debut, co-written by Jonathan Katz stars Lindsay Crouse as wealthy New York City pshrink Margaret Ford, author of "Driven: Compulsion and Obsession in Everyday Life", who is lured into a con by gangster Mike (Joe Mantegna) using Billy Hahn (Steven Goldstein) as the bait; also features J.T. Walsh, William H. Macy, and Lilia Skala; "Human nature is a sucker bet." Jack Bond's It Couldn't Happen Here (Nov.) started out as an hour-long video about the Pet Shop Boys album Actually; features the song Always on My Mind by the Pet Shop Boys, with an appearance by maniacal Joss Ackland (Ambassador Andrei Lysenko in "The Hunt for Red October"), who utters the soundbyte "I'm a bilingual illiterate: I can't read in two languages." Richard Donner's Lethal Weapon (Mar. 6) (Silver Pictures) (Warner Bros.), set at Christmastime stars Danny Glover as "I'm too old for this shit" LAPD homicide sgt. Roger Murtaugh, and Mel Gibson (after Bruce Willis turns it down) as 50-y.-o. LAPD narcotics sgt. Martin Riggs, who lost his wife in a car accident three years earlier and went suicidal, keeping a hollow-point bullet with him to do the job, getting him transferred to homicide, where they soon trade barbs and discover that they're both Vietnam vets; Gary Busey plays bad guy Mr. Joshua; Tom Atkins plays Vietnam vet Michael Hunsaker; does $120.2M box office on a $15M budget; spawns sequels incl. "Lethal Weapon 2" (1989), "Lethal Weapon 3" (1992), and "Lethal Weapon 4" (1998); written by Pittsburgh, Penn.-born UCLA grad Shane Black (1961-), known for stories featuring two main chars. who become friends and trade witty dialogue ("Shane Blackisms"), usually set during Christmas time, going on to write the screenplays for "The Last Boy Scout", "Last Action Hero", and "The Long Kiss Goodnight". Simon Wincer's The Lighthorsemen (Sept. 10) is about the 1917 Battle of Beersheeba through the eyes of 4th Light Horse Brigade soldiers Frank (Gary Sweet), Scotty (Jon Blake), Chiller (Tim McKenzie), and Tas (John Walton); does $1.6M box office on a $10.5M budget. John Glen's The Living Daylights (June 27) (Eon Productions) (Eon Productions) (MGM/UA) (United Internat. Pictures) (James Bond 007 film #15), based on the 1966 novel "Octopussy and The Living Daylights" (last based on an Ian Fleming title until "Casino Royale" in 2006) stars Welsh-born until "Casino Royale" in 2006) stars Welsh-born Timothy Peter Dalton (1944-) as 007 James Bond (1st time), and Afghan hound-like Maryam d'Abo as viola-playing Bond girl Kara Milvoy to a French-horny theme song The Living Daylights by a-ha; also stars Jeroen Krabbe as Soviet Gen. Georgi Kostkov, Joe Don Baker as U.S. bad guy Brad Whitaker, John Rhys-Davies as Soviet Gen. Leonid Pushkin, Andreas Kosniewski as bad guy Necros, and Art Malik as Afghan mujahideen leader Kamran Shah; does $191M box office on a $40M budget. Joel Schumacher's The Lost Boys (July 31) (Warner Bros.) (named after J.M. Barrie's Neverland stories) stars Kiefer Sutherland as David Powers, leader of a vampire biker gang terrorizing the beach town of Santa Carla, Calif., esp. the Emerson family incl. Michael (Jason Patric), Sam (Corey Haim), and their parents Lucy (Dianne Wiest) and Grandpa (Barnard Hughes), who join with the Frog brothers Edgar (Corey Feldman) and Alan (Jamison Newlander) to fight back; Jami Gertz plays Kiefer's and Michael's babe Star; a partying vampire flick; "It's fun to be a vampire"; features the Gothic rock anthem Cry Little Sister by Gerard Thomas McMahon (McMann) (AKA G Tom Mac); soundtrack also features I Still Believe by Tim Capello; does $32.2M box office on an $8.5M budget; spawns sequels "Lost Boys: The Tribe" (2008) and "Lost Boys: The Thirst" (2010); Alan Rudolph's Made in Heaven (Nov. 6) stars Timothy Hutton and Kelly McGillis, who consummate their marriage in Heaven. Diane Kurys' A Man in Love (Sept.) stars Peter Coyote as Steve Elliott, Greta Scacchi as Jane Steiner, and Jamie Lee Curtis as Susan Elliott; Kurys' first English language film. Ismail Merchant's and James Ivory's Maurice, based on the E.M. Forster novel stars James Wilby and Hugh Grant as Cambridge undergrads Maurice Hall and Clive Durham, who fall into Greek love, wanting to do the wild thing but knowing it's against da law. Fred Dekker's The Monster Squad (Aug. 14) (Taft Entertainment Pictures) (Keith Barish Productions) (TriStar Pictures) is a children's horror comedy written by Shane Black about a club of pre-teenies led by Sean (Andre Gower), who love classic monster movies and meet in a treehouse in Baton Rouge, La., and search for a magic amulet in order to use an incantation from Van Helsing's (Jack Gwillim) diary on it to cast a collection of real-life movie monsters into Limbo; features Duncan Regehr as Count Dracula, Tom Noonan as Frankenstein, Carl Thibault as the Wolf Man, Tom Woodruff Jr. as Gill-man, and Michael McKay as the Mummy; a poor ripoff of "Gremlins" and Stephen King's "It"?; a flop ($3.8M box office on a $12M budget), gaining a cult following. Norman Jewison's Moonstruck (Dec. 18) stars Cher as a widow engaged to one man while falling in love with his younger brother in Little Italy, and Nicholas Cage as a lovesick 1-handed opera-loving baker; "Snap out of it!" Kathryn Bigelow's Near Dark (Oct. 2) (De Laurentiis Entertainment Group) is a neo-Western horror film starring Adrian Pasdar (as Caleb Colton), Jenny Wright (as Mae), Lance Henriksen (as Jesse Hooker), Bill Paxton (as Severen), and Jenette Goldstein (as Diamondback), about modern Am. vampires in Okla. is a box office flop ($3.4M box office on a $5M budget), but develops its own cult; "Caleb Colton no longer belongs to our world, he belongs to hers, he belongs to theirs, and they all belong to the night." T.C. Blake's (Robert Collector)'s Nightflyers (Oct. 23) (The Vista Org.) is a sci-fi horror film based on the 1980 George R.R. Martin novella about a group of scientists on a space voyage to find a mysterious alien being getting victimized by the ship's evil computer; does $1.15M box office; made into the Nightflyers TV series on Syfy that debuts on Dec. 2, 2018 (until ?). William Phelps' North Shore (Aug. 14) (Universal Pictures) stars Matt Adler as h.s. student Rick Kane, who wins a wave tank surfing contest in Ariz. and heads to Hawaii for the summer to try to become a prof. surfer; features real-life prof. surfers Laird Hamilton, Lance Burkhart, Derek Ho, Gerry Lopez, Mark Occhilupo, Robbie Page, Alex Rogers, and Shaun Tomson, becoming a cult favorite; does $3.8M box office. Roger Donaldson's No Way Out (Aug. 14), based on the Kenneth Fearing novel about an accidental murder of mistress by a politician followed by a coverup stars Kevin Costner as Lt. Cmdr. Tom Farrell, Sean Young as his babe Susan Atwell, who turns out to be the mistress of bad guy defense secy. David Brice (Gene Hackman); Iman stars as Nina Beka, and Fred Dalton Thompason as CIA dir. Marshall. John Hughes' Planes, Trains and Automobiles (Nov. 25) (Paramount Pictures) stars Steve Martin as marketing exec Neal Page, who meets shower curtain ring salesman Del Griffith (John Candy) and gets into a 3-day odyssey trying to get home from New York City to Chicago in time for Thanksgiving dinner; does $49.5M box office on a $30M budget. John McTiernan's Predator (June 12) (20th Cent. Fox) stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as commandos Maj. Alan "Dutch" Schaefer, Carl Weathers as Gerge Dillon, and Jesse Ventura as Blain Cooper battling an alien race of warriors, played by Kevin Peter Hall; does $98.7M box office on an $18M budget; spawns sequels "Predator 2" (1990), "Alien vs. Predator" (2004), Rob Reiner's The Princess Bride (Sept. 25) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the 1973 William Goldman novel stars Fred Savage, who is sick in bed, and Peter Falk as his grandfather, who reads to him from a fairy tale book the story of Buttercup (Robin Wright) of Florin, whose farmhand Westley (Cary Elwes), who likes to say "As you wish", and ends up engaged to Prince Humperdinck (Chris Sarandon) while he is out seeking his fortune to become worthy of her, and gets kidnapped by Sicilian criminal genius Vizzini (Wallace Shawn), who likes to say "Inconceivable!", Spanish fencing master Inigo Montoya (Mandy Patinkin), who likes to say "My name is Inigo Montoya, you killed my father, prepare to die!", and giant Turkish wrestler Fezzik (Andre the Giant); does $30.9M box office on a $16M budget, going on to become a cult film; the script is full of great quotes, incl.: "Life isn't fair, it's just fairer than death, that's all"; "Inconceivable - You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means"; "Do I love you? My God, if your love were a grain of sand, mine would be a universe of beaches." Joel Coen's Raising Arizona (Mar. 13) stars Nicolas Cage and Holly Hunter as ex-con Hi and infertile policewoman Ed who kidnap a baby from unfinished furniture tycoon Nathan Arizona (John Goodman), who they think has "more than enough", but didn't ask him, so he hires an axe murderer biker to get it back?; "I'll take the Huggies and whatever cash you got." Paul Verhoeven's RoboCop (July 17) (Orion Pictures), set in a degenerating Detroit stars Peter Weller as veteran cop Alex J. Murphy, who is killed by mean gangbangers and salvaged by Omni Consumer Products (OCP) as a cyborg; also stars Dan O'Herlihy as the OCP chmn., Kurtwood Smith as crime boss Clarence Boddicker, Nancy Allen as Murphy's partner Ann Lewis, Miguel Ferrer as OCP exec Bob Morton, and Ronny Cox as OCP senior pres. Dick Jones; brings in $53M in the U.S. on a $13M budget, spawning sequels "RoboCop 2" (1990) and "RoboCop 3" (1993); refilmed in 2014. Paul Michael Glaser's The Running Man (Nov. 13) (TriStar Pictures), based on the 1982 Stephen King novel set in 2017 stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as convicted police pilot Ben Richards, who is forced to compete on a sadistic TV show hosted by Damon Killian (Richard Dawson); brings in $38M on a $27M budget. Mel Brooks' Spaceballs (June 24) (MGM) is a Star Wars spoof that comes out a decade late, falling a little flat?; stars Rick Moranis as Lord Dark Helmet, Bill Pullman as Lone Star, John Candy as Barfolomew "Barf", and Daphne Zuniga is Princess Vespa; "I bet she gives great helmet"; " Druish princesses are often attracted to money and power, and I have both"; "Oh my God, it's Mega Maid. She's gone from suck to blow"; does $38.1M box office on a $22.7M budget. Aviva Slesin's The Ten-Year Lunch: The Wit and Legend of the Algonquin Round Table (Mar.) is a documentary about the 1919-29 Algonquin Round Table, incl. Dorothy Parker, Robert Benchley, Alexander Woollcott, Heywood Broun, Marc Connelly, Franklin P. Adams, Edna Ferber, George S. Kaufman, Robert Sherwood et al. Oliver Stone's Wall Street (Dec. 11) (20th Cent. Fox) stars Charlie Sheen as young stockbroker Bud Fox, who hooks up with "Greed is Good" advocate Gordon Gekko (Michael Douglas), and goes down the tubes; hot Daryl Hannah plays Fox's trophy bed partner Darien Taylor; Richard Gere later kicks himself for turning down the part, like John Travolta did for passing up his parts in "An Officer and a Gentleman" and "American Gigolo"; does $43.8M box office on a $15M budget. George Miller's The Witches of Eastwick (June 12), based on the 1984 John Updike novel stars Cher (1946-), Michelle Pfeiffer and Susan Sarandon as lonely small town (Cohasset, Mass.) New England women who meet "your avg. horny little devil" Mephisto (Jack Nicholson) and get sexually liberated. Bruce Robinson's Withnail and I (Apr. 10) (HandMade Films) (Cannon Group), a black comedy based on Robinson's life in 1960s Camden Town, London, England, starring Richard E. Grant as Witnall, and Paul McGann as I (Marwood), young unemployed actors who share a filthy Georgian flat and squander their money on booze, then go on a weekend holiday to a country cottage in the Lake District owned by Withnail's lecherous gay uncle Monty; does $1.5M U.S. and Ł565K U.K. on a Ł565K budget, gaining a cult following. John Duigan's The Year My Voice Broke based on Duigan's boyhood experiences in Australia stars Noah Taylor and Leone Carmen; followed by "Flirting" (1991). Plays: Alice Childress (1920-94), Moms: A Praise Play for a Black Comedienne. Caryl Churchill (1938-), Serious Money (verse play) (London); satire of the stock market; becomes a hit after the stock market crash of 1987. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), Portrait of a Wild Man (Portraits). Roddy Doyle (1958-), Brownbread (debut). Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Protagoras Sats. Dario Fo (1926-), The Tricks of the Trade (Manuale Minimo dell'Attore). Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Abingdon Square (Am. Place Theater, New York) (Oct. 8). Michael Frayn (1933-), Balmoral. Simon Gray (1936-2008), The Holy Terror (Melon) (Theatre Royal Haymarket, London); stars Alan Bates. Rolf Hochhuth (1931-), Alan Turing. Israel Horovitz (1939-), A Rosen By Any Other Name. Velina Hasu Houston (1957-), Tea. Adrienne Kennedy (1931-), Diary of Lights (A Musical Without Songs). Tony Kushner (1956-), Hydriotaphia (New York); based on the life of "Religio Medici" author Sir Thomas Browne (1605-82). Stephen Mallatratt (1947-2004), The Woman in Black ("a Christmas ghost story") (Stephen Joseph Theatre, Scarborough) (Lyric Theatre, West End, London) (Jan. 1989) (Strand Theatre, West End, London) (Feb. 1989) (The Playhouse, West End, London) (Apr. 1989) (Fortune Theatre, West End, London) (Aug. 1989); based on the 1983 book by Susan Hill; dir. by Robin Herford; stars Charles Kay as Arthur Kipps, and John Duttine as The Actor; becomes the 2nd longest running non-musical in West End history after "The Mousetrap" (1952). Arthur Miller (1915-2005), I Can't Remember Anything. John Pielmeier (1949-), Sleight of Hand (40 perf.). Ronald Ribman (1932-), Sweet Table at the Richelieu (Am. Repertory Theater, Cambridge, Mass.); The Cannibal Masque (Am. Repertory Theater), A Serpent's Egg (Am. Repertory Theater). Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Three Views of Mt. Fuji (Lorraine Hansberry Theatre, San Francisco). Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), L'Exces Contraire. Stephen Sondheim (1930-) and James Lapine (1949-), Into the Woods (musical) (New York) (Nov. 5, 1987); filmed in 2014. Alfred Uhry (1936-), Driving Miss Daisy (Pulitzer Prize); elderly Southern Jewish widow Daisy Werthan and her black chauffeur Hoke Coleburn in early 20th cent. Atlanta, Ga.; first in the Jews in Atlanta Trilogy ("The Last Night of Ballyhoo", "Parade"); filmed in 1989 by Bruce Beresford starring Jessica Tandy and Morgan Freeman. John Weidman (1946-) and Stephen Sondheim (1930-), Anything Goes (musical) (Lincoln Center, New York); rewrite of the Cole Porter musical. Patrick White (1912-90), Shepherd on the Rocks. August Wilson (1945-2005), Fences (Pulitzer Prize) (46th Street Theatre, New York) (Mar. 26) (525 perf.); #6 in the Pittsburgh Cycle; father-son drama about 1957 garbage man Troy Maxson (James Earl Jones), who reminisces about his wasted youth in the Negro leagues and prison, and takes it out on his family incl. sons Cory (Courtney B. Vance), Gabriel, and Lyons, and best friend Bono; dir. by Lloyd Richards; filmed in 2016 by Denzel Washington. Lanford Wilson (1937-), Burn This (Los Angeles) (Jan. 22); Anna and Pale. Robert Wilson (1941-), Heiner Muller's Quartet; Death Destruction & Detroit II. Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Sumerian Vistas. John Ash (1948-), Disbelief. John Ashbery (1927-2017), April Galleons. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), Il Ritorno della Signorina Richmond; sequel to "Le Ballate della Signorina Richmond" (1977). William Bronk (1918-99), Manifest; And Furthermore. Turner Cassity (1929-2009), Lessons. Barbara Chase-Riboud (1939-), Portrait of a Nude Woman as Cleopatra. Amy Clampitt (1920-), Archaic Figure. Mark Doty (1953-), Turtle, Swan (debut). Odysseus Elytis (1911-96), Krinagoras. Tess Gallagher (1943-), Amplitude. Barry Gifford (1946-), Giotto's Circle. Jorie Graham (1950-), The End of Beauty. Peter Handke (1942-), Gedichte (Poems). Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), The Haw Lantern; about his mother who died in 1984. Denis Johnson (1949-), The Veil. Donald Rodney Justice (1925-2004), The Sunset Maker. Irving Layton (1912-2006), Fortunate Exile; Final Reckoning: Poems 1982-1986. Denise Levertov (1923-97), Poems 1968-1972; Breathing the Water. William Matthews (1942-97), Foreseeable Futures. William Meredith Jr. (1919-2007), Partial Accounts: New and Selected Poems (Apr. 12) (Pulitzer Prize). Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004), Chronicles. Sharon Olds (1942-), The Gold Cell (Feb. 12). Mary Oliver (1935-), Provincetown. Charles Olson (1910-70), Collected Poems (posth.). Luis Omar Salinas (1937-2008), The Sadness of Days. Sonia Sanchez (1934-), Under a Soprano Sky. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Ridin' the Moon in Texas: Word Paintings; The Love Space Demands: A Continuing Saga. Alan Shapiro (1952-), The Happy Hour. May Swenson (1913-89), In Other Words. Judith Viorst (1931-), When Did I Stop Being Twenty?. David Wagoner (1926-), Through the Forest: New and Selected Poems. John B. Wain (1925-94), Open Country. Derek Walcott (1930-), The Arkansas Testament. C.K. Williams (1936-), Flesh and Blood. Jay Wright (1934-), Selected Poems. Novels: China Achebe (1930-), Anthills of the Savannah. Peter Ackroyd (1949-), Hawksmoor (Jan.); Chatterton. Alice Adams (1926-99), Roses, Rhododendron: Two Flowers, Two Friends. Catherine Aird (1930-), A Dead Liberty (Jan.); Crown vs. Lucy Mirabel Durmast. Rudolfo Anaya (1937-), Lord of the Dawn: The Legend of Quetzalcoatl. Reinaldo Arenas (1943-90), El Portero (The Doorman). Isaac Asimov (1920-92), Fantastic Voyage II: Destination Brain. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), Diary of a Yuppie; corporate takeover expert Bob Service; Skinny Island: More Tales of Manhattan (short stories). Paul Benjamin Auster (1947-), In the Country of Last Things; Anna Blume in a dysfunctional city. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), Gli Invisibili. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), The Day of Creation; about maniac Dr. Mallory, who wants to green the Sahara. Iain M. Banks (1954-2013), Consider Phlebas; the title is taken from a line in the T.S. Eliot poem "The Waste Land", about the galaxy-wide interspecies Idiran-Culture War; first in the Culture Series (1987-2012). Clive Barker (1952-), Weaveworld; the magical world of Fugue which lies woven within a rug, which is guarded for the Seerkind by Mimi Laschenski; In the Flesh (short stories); The Inhuman Condition (short stories). Julian Barnes (1946-), Going to the Dogs; pub. under alias Dan Kavanagh. John Barth (1930-), Tidewater Tales. Donald Barthelme (1931-89), Forty Stories. Frederick Barthelme (1943-), Chroma (short stories). Greg Bear (1951-), The Forge of God; about the alien Killers conquering the Earth. Thomas Berger (1924-), Being Invisible; adman Fred Wagner can make himself invisible. Maeve Binchy (1940-), Firefly Summer. Robert Bloch (1917-94), Midnight Pleasures (short stories); Lost in Time and Space with Lefty Feep: Eight Funny and Fanciful Fables of the Forties, Plus One Brand-New Parable of Modern Times (short stories). Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), Sade, Sainte Therese. T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948-), World's End. Jimmy Breslin (1929-), Table Money; He Got Hungry and Forgot His Manners. David Brin (1950-), The Uplift War; Uplift #3. Anita Brookner (1928-), A Friend from England; Rachel and Heather Livingstone. Dorothy Bryant (1930-), Confessions of Madame Psyche; early 20th cent. San Francisco medium Mei-Li Murrow predicts the big earthquake. Frederick Buechner (1926-), Brendan; about St. Brendan (d. 577). James Lee Burke (1936-), The Neon Rain; first in a series about alcoholic ethics-violating New Orleans policeman Dave Robicheaux. Herbert Burkholz (1933-2006), The Sensitives; after humans nuke themselves, aliens arrive to clean up; Lilith Iyapo. Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006), Dawn; first in the Xenogenesis (Lilith's Brood) Trilogy (1987-2000), about the Oankali, who have three sexes, male, female, and ooloi. Robert Olen Butler (1945-), Wabash. Pat Cadigan (1953-), Mindplayers (first novel); Allie Haas; #1 in the Deadpan Allie series. Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Age. Philip Caputo (1941-), Indian Country; Christian Starkmann from Mich. wrestles with guilt over dead Vietnam War companion Boniface, an Injun. Tom Clancy (1947-2013), Patriot Games; Jack Ryan saves the life of a British royal in London, causing the brother of an IRA terrorist he killed to come after him and his family in the U.S. Mary Higgins Clark (1927-), Weep No More, My Lady; Elizabeth Lange searches for the death of her actress sister Leila. Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008), 2061: Odyssey Three (Dec.); an expedition to Halley's Comet violates the orders not to approach Europa; filmed in ?. Thomas Cobb, Crazy Heart; failing country singer Bad Blake meets a young journalist; filmed in 2009 starring Jeff Bridges. Andrei Codrescu (1946-), Monsieur Teste in America and Other Instances of Realism. Robin Cook (1940-), Outbreak; Dr. Melissa Blumenthal of the CDC in Atlanta discovers doctors planting viruses in a health care center, and they come after her. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Parson's Daughter; Nanc Ann Howard and Dennis Harpcore. Robert Coover (1932-), A Night at the Movies, or, You Must Remember This (short stories). Harry Crews (1935-), All We Need of Hell; lawyer Duffy Deeter. Michael Crichton, Sphere; a 300-y.-o. alien spacecraft on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean; filmed in 1998. John Crowley (1942-), Novelty: Four Stories; Aegypt (4 vols.) (1987-2007); Pierce Moffett and his Hermit ms. in the Faraway Hills at the N.Y.-N.J.-Penn. border. Guy Davenport (1927-2005), The Jules Verne Steam Balloon (short stories). Len Deighton (1929-), Spy Hook; British spy Bernard Samson. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), Are You Listening Rabbi Low. Michael Dorris (1945-97), A Yellow Raft in Blue Water (first novel); three Native Am. women with interlocking lives: Rayona, Christine, and Aunt Ida. Roddy Doyle (1958-), The Commitments (first novel); unemployed Dubliners Derek Scully, Outspan Foster, Jimmy Rabbitte Jr. et al. form a James Brown soul band; filmed in 1991; first in the Barrytown Trilogy (1987-91). Margaret Drabble (1939-), The Radiant Way; the lives of three Englishwomen. Stanley Elkin (1930-95), The Rabbi of Lud. Bret Easton Ellis (1964-), The Rules of Attraction. James Ellroy (1948-), The Black Dahlia (Sept.); the case of Elizabeth Short (1924-47), introducing postmodern historiographic metafiction; first in the L.A. Quartet ("The Big Nowhere", 1988; "L.A. Confidential", 1990; "White Jazz", 1992). Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Dinner Party (Jan.); Sen Richard Cromwell. Richard Ford (1944-), Rock Springs (short stories) (Aug. 12). Marilyn French (1929-2009), Her Mother's Daughter; bestseller about four generations of women in a Polish-Am. family, narrated by photographer Anastasia Dabrowski AKA Stacey Stevens. Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), Cristobal Nonato (Christopher Unborn); the first child born in Mexico on Columbus Day, 1992. Tess Gallagher (1943-), The Lover of Horses (short stories). Yuri Glazkov (1939-2008), The Black Silence; by a Soviet cosmonaut; illustrated by fellow cosmonaut Vladimir Dzhanibekov (1942-). Mary Catherine Gordon (1949-), Temporary Shelter (short stories). Joanne Greenberg (1932-), Age of Consent; Vivian Sanborn Eitzer loses her esteemed brother Daniel while travelling with the archbishop of Malaga, and discovers he bequeathed his money to a vulgar comedian. Peter Handke (1942-), Across. Barry Hannah (1942-), Hey Jack!; 56-y.-o. Korean War vet Homer rags with cafe owner Jack about a local rock star's sinful lifestyle. George V. Higgins (1939-99), Outlaws. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), Found in the Street; the Sutherlands of Grove St. in Manhattan kill Elsie Tyler in her apt. at 102 Greene St.; Tales of Natural and Unnatural Catastrophes. Rolando Hinojosa (1929-), Klail City. Russell Hoban (1925-), The Medusa Frequency; freelance comic writer Herman Orff is visited by the Kraken via his computer screen. Josephine Humphreys (1945-), Rich in Love; filmed in 1993 by Bruce Beresford. David R. Ignatius (1950-), Agents of Innocence (first novel); CIA agent Tom Rogers in Lebanon. Clifford Irving (1930-), Trial. John Jakes (1932-), Heaven and Hell; #3 in the North and South Trilogy (begun 1982). Stanley Johnson, The Commissioner; a sacked British Conservative MP flees to Brussels and exposes high-level corruption. Ward Just (1935-), The American Ambassador; William North reflects on his career after his son Bill Jr. becomes joins a West German terrorist group. Thomas Keneally (1935-), The Playmaker; prisoners in penal era 1789 Australia perform the play "The Recruiting Officer". Stephen King (1947-), Misery; bestselling Victorian romance novelist Paul Sheldon, who likes to stay in the Hotel Boulderado in Boulder, Colo. gets tired of his char. Misery Chastain and the ms. for "Fast Car", tries to drive to Los Angeles and gets in a car crash, and is rescued by fan and serial murderer Annie Wilkes, who can't handle his "Misery" series ending and calls him a "dirty birdie", then tortures him and forces him to rewrite it; The Drawing of the Three (2nd vol. of Dark Tower series). Dean Koontz (1945-), Watchers; Shadowfires. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Bandits; Jack Delaney, Sister Lucy, and a Nicaraguan col.; Touch; Brother Juvenal becomes Charlie Lawson, caring for alcoholics in Detroit and developing Sigmata that cause miracles, attracting flashy promoter Bill Hill and right-winger August Murray and falling in love with Lynn Faulkner. Penelope Lively (1933-), Moon Tiger; a woman's slow death in the hospital. Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), The Storyteller; his Jewish college friend Saul Zuratas and his attempt to save the isolated Machiguengas Amazonian tribe from rubber barons. Robert Ludlum (1927-2001), The Bourne Supremacy (Feb. 1); #2 in the Bourne Trilogy. Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), A Foot in the Grave; John Smith is accused of murdering his wife and of plotting to overthrow the Argentine govt. Colleen McCullough (1937-), The Ladies of Missalonghi; Missy Wright fights for the widowed and spinster female of the Hurlingford family in the town of Byron in the Blue Mts. of Australia before WWI. Alice McDermott (1953-), That Night; teenie Sheryl gets pregnant and is sent away to live with relatives. Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), A World Too Wide. Thomas McGuane (1939-), To Skin a Cat (short stories) (Oct. 12). Terry McMillan (1951-), Mama (first novel); black woman Mildred Peacock throws her drunken hubby out and goes on welfare in Point Haven, Mich. Larry McMurtry (1936-), Texasville; sequel to "The Last Picture Show" (1966). Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), After a Fashion. Sue Miller (1943-), Inventing the Abbotts (short stories); middle-upper educated Americans. Brian Moore (1921-99), The Colour of Blood; a Roman Catholic cardinal vs. the Stalinists in E Europe. David Morrell (1943-), The League of Night and Fog; 10 old men from around the world are abducted. Toni Morrison (1931-2019), Beloved (Pulitzer Prize); "124 was spiteful" (opening line); former slave Sethe in 1873 Cincinnati, Ohio is haunted by the ghost of the daughter she killed; based on "The Black Book: A Scrapbook Record of African Life, Compiled by the Authority on Black History M.A. Harris (1908-77)", which she began in 1974. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Rumpole's Last Case. Haruki Murakami (1949-), Norwegian Wood; sold in 2 vols., one with a green cover, one with a red cover; causes him to become too famous in Japan, so he moves to the U.S.? V.S. Naipaul (1932-2018), The Enigma of Arrival. John Treadwell Nichols (1940-), American Blood; Vietnam vet Michael Smith goes sociopath. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Marya: A Life. Zoe B. Oldenbourg (1916-2002), Les Amours Egarees. Stewart O'Nan (1961-), Transmission (first novel) (Jan.). Michael Ondaatje (1943-), In the Skin of a Lion; Patrick Lewis, Caravaggio, and Hana in Toronto. Sara Paretsky (1947-), Bitter Medicine; V.I. Warshawski #4. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), Pale Kings and Princes; Spenser #14. Walker Percy (1916-90), The Thanatos Syndrome; pshrink Tom More of Love in the Ruins reappears. Robert Pinget (1919-97), L'Ennemi (The Enemy). Barbara Raskin (1936-99), Hot Flashes; bestseller. Angelo Rinaldi (1940-), Les Roses de Pline. Joanna Russ (1937-2011), The Hidden Side of the Moon (short stories); feminist sci-fi. Nawal El Saadawi (1931-), The Fall of the Imam. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Sarah Bernhardt, ou le Rire Incassable (Dear Sarah Bernhardt); Un Sang d'Aquarelle. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Eighth Commandment (July 1); 6'2" New York coin appraiser May Lou "Dunk" Bateson; The Dream Lover; starlet Gladys Divine and studio exec Eli Hebron; The Timothy Files (short stories). Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88), Balada de Amor y Soledad. Melissa Scott (1960-), The Kindly Ones (Sept. 15); Capt. Leith Morrigan and Trey Maturin on Orestes. Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007), Windmills of the Gods. Alix Kates Shulman (1932-), In Every Woman's Life... Anne Rivers Siddons (1936-), Homeplace; Micah Winship of Lython, Ga. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Out of the Whirlpool. Claude Simon (1913-2005), L'Invitation (The Invitation); 15 internat. guests are feted by the Soviets. Jane Smiley (1949-), The Age of Grief; filmed in 2002 as "The Secret Lives of Dentists". Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Rose Theatre; #2 in the Pack of Lies Trilogy. LaVyrle Spencer (1943-), The Gamble (Mar. 1). Norman Spinrad (1940-), Little Heroes; the MUZIK confederation wants to put artificial personalities in its troublesome rock stars. Christopher Stasheff (1944-), The Warlock Heretical; "Thou shalt not suffer a witch - or warlock to live." Danielle Steel (1947-), Fine Things; filmed as a TV movie in 1990; Kaleidoscope; bestseller; after the murder-suicide of their parents, sisters Megan, Alexandra, and Hilary are put in separate foster homes; filmed as a TV movie in 1990 starring Jaclyn Smith and Perry King. Wallace Stegner (1909-83), Crossing to Safety; Sid and Charity befriend novelist Larry Morgan and Sally. Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), Summit. Rose Tremain (1943-), The Garden of the Villa Mollini and Other Stories. Scott Turow (1949-), Presumed Innocent (first novel). Harry Turtledove (1949-), Agent of Byzantium; Isaac Asimov Presents #3; Muhammad converts to Christianity instead of founding Islam, allowing the Byzantine Empire to flourish. Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Empire; the newspaper dynasty of half-siblings Caroline and Blaise Sanford, and William Randolph Hearst's crusade to get rid of Teddy Roosevelt in 1904. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Bluebeard: The Autobiography of Rabo Karabekian, 1916-1988; abstract painter whose resembles the Charles Perrault fairy tale. David Foster Wallace (1962-2008), The Broom of the System (first novel); 24-.y.-o telephone switchboard operator Lenore Beadsman. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Celestial Bed (Mar. 1); sex therapist Arnold Freeberg. Fay Weldon (1931-), The Heart of the Country; Natalie Harris; The Hearts and Lives of Men; Helen Lally and Clifford Wexford in the swinging 60s. William Wharton (1925-2008), Tidings; Will meets his family on Xmas and gives them magic stockings. John Edgar Wideman (1941-), Reuben. John A. Williams (1925-94), Jacob's Ladder. Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), Stray. Angus Wilson (1913-91), The Collected Stories of Angus Wilson. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Natural Law, or Don't Put a Rubber on Your Willy (Jan.). Tom Wolfe (1930-2018), The Bonfire of the Vanities; orginally pub. in Rolling Stone in 1984; bond trader Sherman McCoy, Jewish DA Larry Kramer, British expatriate journalist Peter Fallow, and black politician Rev. Bacon in 1980s New York City - good book, lousy movie? Helen Yglesias (1915-2008), The Saviors. Births: Am. 6'4" football defensive tackle (black) (Detroit Lions #90, 2010-14) Ndamukong ("house of spears") Suh on Jan. 6 in Portland, Ore.; Cameroonian father, Jamaican mother; educated at the U. of Neb. English "Darlene Sweet in Bad Times at the El Royale" actor-singer (black) Cynthia Erivo on Jan. 8 in Stockwell, South London; Nigerian immigrant parents. Am. "Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County", "The Hills" actress Kristin Elizabeth Cavallari on Jan. 14 in Denver, Colo. Am. "The Perfect Body" Pilates fitness entrepreneur Cassey Ho (Ho Vinh Cassey) on Jan. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Chinese-Vietnamese ancestry; educated at Whittier College. Am. 5'7" golfer (lefty) Brian Harman on Jan. 19 in Savannah, Ga.; educated at the U. of Ga. Am. football RB (black) (Baltimore Ravens #27, 2008-13) Raymell Mourice "Ray" Rice on Jan. 22 in New Rochelle, N.Y.; educated at Rutgers U. Am. murderer (black) Lionel Alexander Tate on Jan. 30 in Broward County, Fla. Am. country singer Tyler Hubbard (Florida Georgia Line) on Jan. 31 in Monroe, Ga. Am. "Andrew Neiman in Whiplash", "Peter Hayes in Divergent", "David Packouz in War Dogs", "Vinny Paz in Bleed for This" actor Miles Alexander Teller on Feb. 20 in Downington, Penn.; grows up in Citrus County, Fla.; educated at NYU. Canadian "Juno MacGuff in Juno", "Ariadne in Inception", "Kitty Pryde in X-Men" actress (lesbian/transgender) Ellen Grace Page (Philpotts-Page) on Feb. 21 in Halifax, N.S. Am. "Crazy Things I Do" R&B singer (black) Sammie Bush on Mar. 1 in Boynton Beach, Fla. Am. "Tik Tok", "Dancing with the Devil", "Cannibal", "Tik Tok", "We R Who We R" singer-songwriter (vegetarian) (bi?) Ke$ha (Kesha Rose Sebert) on Mar. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif.; likes to wear glitter in her right eye a la "A Clockwork Orange" Am. "Lily Adams in AT&T TV commercials" actress (Jewish) Milana Aleksandrovna Vayntrub on Mar. 8 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan; emigrates to the U.S. at age 3; debuts in Mattel Barbie commercials at age 5; educated at UCSD. Am. rapper (black) (Lil') Bow Wow (Shad Gregory Moss) on Mar. 9 in Columbus, Ohio. Am. auto racer Marco Michael Andretti on Mar. 13 in Nazareth, Penn.; son of Michael Mario Andretti (1962-), son of Mario Andretti (1940-). Am. 6'3" football WR (Denver Broncos #87, 2010-13, New York Jets 2014-) Eric Thomas Decker on Mar. 15 in Cold Spring, Minn.; educated at U. of Minn.; husband (2013-) of Jessie James (1988-). U.S. mayor of Ithaca, N.Y. (2012-) (black) Svante Myrick on Mar. 15 in Fla.; grows up in Earlville, N.Y.; educated at Cornell U. (Quill & Dagger). South Korean baseball pitcher (Los Angeles Dodgers #99, 2014-14, 2016-) Hyun-jin Ryu on Mar. 25 in Incheon. Indian chess grandmaster Humpy Koneru on Mar. 31 in Gudivada, Andhra Pradesh. Canadian "Mindy Park in The Martian", "Grace Harper in Terminator: Dark Fate" actress Mackenzie Rio Davis on Apr. 1 in Vancouver, B.C.; South African father, English mother. Belgian ISIS terrorist (Sunni Muslim) Abdelhamid Abaaoud (d. 2015) on Apr. 8 in Sint-Jans-Molenbeek; Moroccan immigrant father. Am. singer-songwriter-actor Jesse Abraham Arthur McCartney (Dream Street) on Apr. 9 in Ardsley, N.Y. English "You Had Me" R&B singer-songwriter-actress (white) Joss Stone (Jocelyn Eve Stoker) on Apr. 11 in Dover. Am. rock musician Brendon Boyd Urie (Panic! at the Disco) on Apr. 12 in Summerlin, Nev. Russian 6'2" tennis player ("the Siberian Siren") Maria Yuryevna Sharapova on Apr. 19 in Nyagan. Am. "Danny Torrence in The Shining", "Uh-huh in The Little Rascals" actor Courtland Robert Mead on Apr. 19 in Mission Viejo, Calif. Am. "Peter Pevensie in The Chronicles of Narnia" actor William Peter Moseley on Apr. 27 in Sheepscombe, Gloucestershire. Kiwi "Bree in lonelygirl15" actress Jessica Lee Rose on Apr. 27 in Salisbury, Md.; Am. father, Kiwi mother; raised in Mount Maunganui, Bay of Plenty. Venezuela baseball outfielder (Arizona Diamondbacks, 2009-14) (Milwaukee Brewers, 2014-15) (Colo. Rocies, 2016-18) (Washington Nationals #88, 2019-) Gerardo Enrique "Baby Shark" Parra on May 6 in Santa Barbara de Zulia. Am. Miss Calif. USA 2009 (evangelical Christian) Caroline Michelle "Carrie" Prejean on May 13 in San Diego, Calif.; French descent father, Italian-Am. mother; grows up in Vista, Calif.; educated at San Diego Christian College. Scottish 6'3" tennis player Andrew Barron Murray on May 15 in London. Serbian 6'2" tennis player Novak Djokovic on May 22 in Belgrade; first Serbian player to win a Grand Slam singles title; youngest player in the open era to reach the semifinals in all four Grand Slam events. Am. actor Curtis Williams Jr. on May 31. Am. "Lizzie McGuire" actress Lalaine Ann Vergara-Paras on June 3 in Burbank, Calif. Am. "American Idol" singer (2nd place in 3rd season) Diana Nicole DeGarmo on June 16 in Birmingham, Ala. Argentine 5'7" soccer star (Barcelona, 2003-) Lionel Andres Andrés) "Leo" Messi on June 24 in Rosario, Santa Fe. Kazakhstani supermodel Ruslana "the Russian Rapunzel" Korshunova (d. 2008) on July 2 in Alma-Ata; of Russian descent. German auto racer Sebastian Vettel on July 3 in Heppenheim, Hesse, West Germany. Pakistani Islamist terrorist Mohammed Ajmal Amir Kasab (d. 2012) on July 13 in Faridkot, Punjab. Am. CrossFit 5'9" athlete ("Fittest Man on Earth") Rich Froning Jr. on July 21 in Mount Clements, Mich.; grows up in Cookeville, Tenn. Japanese singer-actress Stephanie on Aug. 5 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Armenian father, Japanese mother. Venezuelan 6' MB baseball catcher (Minn. Twins #3, 2007-) Wilson Abraham Ramos on Aug. 10 in Valencia. Am. 6'3" football QB (Denver Broncos, 2010-) (lefty) Timothy Richard "Tim" Tebow on Aug. 14 in Makati City, Philippines; Christian missionary parents; educated at the U. of Fla.; homeschooled; first college sophomore to win the Heisman Trophy (2007). Am. race car driver Steve Wallace on Aug. 18 in Charlotte, N.C.; son of Rusty Wallace (1956-). Am. "Serena van der Woodsen in Gossip Girl" actress Blake Lively (Blake Ellender Brown) on Aug. 25 in Tarzana, Los Angeles, Calif.; wife (2002-) of Ryan Reynolds (1976-). Scottish "This Is the Life", "Mrs. Rock & Roll" singer-songwriter Amy Macdonald on Aug. 25 in Bishopbriggs, East Dunbartonshire. Russian 6'9" blonde-lue Miss World 2008 Ksenia (Kseniya) Vladimirovna Sukhinova on Aug. 26 in Nizhnevartovsk. Am. "The Beaver in The Leave It to Beaver Movie" actor Joseph Cameron Finley on Aug. 30 in Garland, Tex. Am. rock drummer Spencer James Smith (Panic! at the Disco) on Sept. 2 in Denver, Colo.; raised in Las Vegas, Nev. Am. "Thirteen" actress Evan Rachel Wood on Sept. 7 in Raleigh, N.C. Am. rock guitarist Joshua Neil "Josh" Farro (Paramore, Novel American) on Sept. 27 in Vorhees Township, N.J.; brother of Zac Farro (1990-). Am. "Michael Sullivan Jr. in Road to Perdition", "Martin Brewer in 7th Heaven" actor Tyler Lee Hoechlin on Sept. 11 in Riverside, Calif. Scottish "Lemonade", "Bipp", "Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides" musician (tranny) Sophie Xeon (d. 2021) on Sept. 17 in Glasgow. Am. 6'3" football QB James Richard "Jimmy" Clausen on Sept. 21 in Thousand Oaks, Calif.; educated at the U. of Notre Dame. Am. "Lucius Verus in Gladiator" actor Spencer Treat Clark on Sept. 24 in New Yoprk City. Am. "Lizzie McGuire" actress-singer-songwriter Hilary Erhard Duff on Sept. 28 in Houston, Tex.; sister of Haylie Duff (1985-). Am. 6'9" basketball forward (black) (Seattle SuperSonics #35, 2007-16) ("the Slim Reaper") Kevin Wayne Durant on Sept. 29 in Washington, D.C.; educated at the U. of Tex. Curacaoan baseball pitcher (black) (Los Angeles Dodgers #74, 2010-) Kenley Geronimo Jansen on Sept. 30 in Willemstad. Am. "Wilson Behan in Veronica Mars" actor Michael Charles Roman on Oct. 4. Am. 6'5" football player (black) (Seattle Seahawks #76, 2010-) Russell Okung on Oct. 7 in Fort Bend, Tex.; educated at Okla. State U. Am. "Suite Life of Zack & Cody" actor-singer Zachary David Alexander "Zac" Efron on Oct. 18 in San Luis Obispo, Calif. Am. 7'0" basketball center (black) (Los Angeles Lakers #17, 2005-12) Andrew Bynum on Oct. 27 in Plainsboro Township, N.J. Am. "Novacaine" R&B singer-songwriter (black) (gay) Christopher Francis "Frank" Ocean (Christopher Edwin Breaux) on Oct. 28 in Long Beach, Calif.; grows up in New Orleans, La. Australian "Erica in The Last Man on Earth" actress (black) Cleopatra Coleman on Oct. 29 in Wentworth Falls, Sydney; white Australian father, black Jamaican mother named Turquoise. Am. 6'2" quarterback (Cincinnati Bengals #1, 2011-) Andrew Gregory "Andy" Dalton on Oct. 29; educated at TCU. Am. 5'9-1/2" supermodel Ashley Graham on Oct. 30 in Lincoln, Neb.; first plus-size model to appear on the cover of the Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue. Canadian 5'9" golfer Adam Hadwin on Nov. 2 in Moose Jaw, Saskatechewan; educated at the U. of Louisville. Am. 6'4" QB (San Francisco 49ers #7, 2011-16) Colin Rand Kaepernick on Nov. 3 in Milwaukee, Wisc.; black father, white mother; educated at the U. of Nevada. Am. musician Paul Kevin Jonas II (AKA K2) (Jonas Brothers) on Nov. 5 in Teaneck, N.J.; brother of Joe Jonas (1989-) and Nick Jonas (1992-). Am. 6'3" football center (Philadelphia Eagles #62, 2011-) Jason Kelce on Nov. 5 in Cleveland Heights, Ohio; educated at the U. of Cincinnati; brother of Travis Kelce (1989-). Am. 6'5" basketball guard (black) (Memphis Grizzlies #3, 2008-12) (Milwaukee Bucks #3, 2013-)Ovinton J'Anthony "O.J. Mayo on Nov. 5 in Huntington, W. Va.; educated at USC. Serbian 6'1" tennis player Ana "Anci" Ivanovic on Nov. 6 in Belgrade. Am. 6'4" football QB (St. Louis Rams #8, 2010-14) Samuel Jacob "Sam" Bradford on Nov. 8 in Oklahoma City, Okla.; of Native Am. descent; educated at the U. of Okla.; 2008 Heisman Trophy (2nd sophomore). Australian golfer Jason Day on Nov. 12 in Beaudesert, Queensland. British "Maria Rambeau in Captain Marvel" actress (black) Lashana Rasheda Lynch on Nov. 27 in Hammersmith, London; of Jamaican descent. Scottish "Nebula in Guardians of the Galaxy", "Amy Pond in Doctor Who", "Ruby Roundhouse in Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle" actress-dir.-writer Karen Gillan on Nov. 28 in Inverness. Am. "Sid in Lords of Dogtown" actor Michael Anthony Angarano on Dec. 3 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. 6'4" football WR (black) (Denver Broncos #88, 2010-18) (Houston Texans #87, 2018) (New England Patriots #88, 2019) Demaryius Antwon Thomas on Dec. 25 in Montrose, Ga.; educated at Ga. Tech. Deaths: Welsh world's oldest living person (114 years 208 days) Anna Eliza Williams (b. 1873) on Dec. 27. Am. Repub. Kan. gov. #26 (1933-7) Alf Landon (b. 1887) on Oct. 12 in Topeka, Kan. Am. "National Velvet" film dir. Clarence Brown (b. 1890) on Aug. 17. Am. "Aunt Martha in Leave It to Beaver" actress Madge Kennedy (b. 1891) on June 9 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (respiratory failure). Am. biochemist John Howard Northrop (b. 1891) on May 27 in Wickenburg, Ariz.; 1946 Nobel Chem. Prize. French physicist Louis Victor de Broglie (b. 1892) on Mar. 19 in Louveciennes; 1929 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. silent film actress Winifred Bryson (b. 1892) on Aug. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. scientist William P. Murphy (b. 1892) on Oct. 9; 1934 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. Repub. politician Frank Carlson (b. 1893) on May 30 in Concordia, Kan. Spanish #1 classical guitarist Andres Segovia (b. 1893) on June 2. German Hitler's caged right-hand man Rudolf Hess (b. 1894) on Aug. 17 in Spandau Prison (suicide by hanging); its last remaining prisoner, and last top Nazi; he is buried in Wunsiedel in N Bavaria; on July 20, 2011 his body is exhumed and the ashes scattered at sea to deprive neo-Nazis of a pilgrimage site - I know why the caged bird sings? Polish-born Am. silent film star Pola Negri (b. 1894) on Aug. 1 in San Antonio, Tex. Am. folk-blues musician Elizabeth Cotten (b. 1895) on June 29 in Syracuse, N.Y. Dutch-born Am. theologian Cornelius Van Til (b. 1895) on Apr. 17. Am. artist Ben-Zion Weinman (b. 1895). Am. USAF gen. Ira Clarence Eaker (b. 1896) on Aug. 6 in Andrews AFB, Md. French artist Andre Masson (b. 1896) on Oct. 28. Kiwi Communist activist Rewi Alley (b. 1897) on Dec. 27 in Beijing, China. Am. silent film actress Viola Dana (b. 1897) on July 3 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, Calif. British-born Am. actress Hermione Gingold (b. 1897) on May 24. Am. psychologist Joy Paul Guilford (b. 1897) on Nov. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif. Georgian-born Am. dir. Rouben Mamoulian (b. 1897) on Dec. 4 in Hollywood, Calif. German chemist Georg Wittig (b. 1897) on Aug. 26; 1979 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. Miss. gov. (1960-4) Ross Barnett (b. 1898) on Nov. 6: "Generally speaking, I'd do the same things again." Am. diplomat-atty. Arthur Hobson Dean (b. 1898). Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal (b. 1898) on May 17 in Daneryd (near Stockholm); 1974 Nobel Econ. Prize. Am. Western actor Randolph Scott (b. 1898) on Mar. 2; buried in Elmwood Cemetery in Charlotte, N.C.; rumors persist that he had a gay relationship with roommate Cary Grant in the 1930s - great Scott? Am. actor-dancer Fred Astaire (b. 1899) on June 22 in Los Angeles, Calif. (pneumonia). Am. "Laura" novelist Vera Caspary (b. 1899) on June 13. French-born Am. venture capitalist Georges Doriot (b. 1899) in June in Boston, Mass. (lung cancer). English architect Edwin Maxwell Fry (b. 1899) on Sept. 3 in Cotherstone, Durham. Am. historian Louis Morton Hacker (b. 1899) on Mar. 22 in LeRoy, N.Y. Scottish novelist Bruce Marshall (b. 1899) on June 18 in Biot, France. Canadian actor John Qualen (b. 1899) on Sept. 12 in Torrance, Calif. Am. "Marguerite in The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" actress Alice Terry (b. 1899) on Dec. 22 in Burbank, Calif. Lebanese pres. (1952-8) Camille Chamoun (b. 1900) on Aug. 7 in Beirut. Am. sabermetrics pioneer Earnshaw Cook (b. 1900) on Nov. 11 in Baltimore, Md. Sicilian-born Am. New York City mayor #101 (1950-3) Vincent Ricahrd Impellitteri (b. 1900) on Jan. 19 in Bridgeport, Conn. (Parkinson's). Danish-born "Imitation of Life" film dir. Douglas Sirk (b. 1900) on Jan. 14 in Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland. French Four Musketeers tennis player Henri Jean Cochet (b. 1901) on Apr. 1 in Paris. Lithuanian-born Am. violinist Jascha Heifetz (b. 1901) on Dec. 10: "No matter what side of an argument you're on, you always find some people on your side that you wish were on the other side." English publisher-banker Cecil Harmsworth King (b. 1901) on Apr. 17. German-born Am. Mormon organist Alexander Schreiner (b. 1901) on Sept. 15. Indonesian Subud leader Muhammad Subuh Sumohadiwidjojo (b. 1901). Am. gen. Maxwell D. Taylor (b. 1901) on Apr. 19 in Washington, D.C. Australian-born Canadian publisher Lovat Dickson (b. 1902) on Jan. 2 in Toronto. Am. physicist Walter Houser Brattain (b. 1902) on Oct. 13 in Seattle, Wash.; 1956 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. psychologist Carl Rogers (b. 1902) on Feb. 4 in San Diego, Calif. Indian PM (1979-80) Charan Singh (b. 1902) on May 29. Am. "Tobacco Road" novelist Erskine Caldwell (b. 1903) on Apr. 11. Russian mathematician A.N. Kolmogorov (b. 1903) on Oct. 20. Am. baseball fall-of-fame shortstop (New York Giants, 1922-36) Travis Jackson (b. 1903) on July 27. Am. conservative politician-playwright Clare Boothe Luce (b. 1903) on Oct. 9 in Washington, D.C. English historian A.L. Morton (b. 1903) on Oct. 23 in Clare, Suffolk. French novelist Marguerite Yourcenar (b. 1903) in Mount Desert Island, Maine, U.S. Am. "Scarecrow in Wizard of Oz" actor Ray Bolger (b. 1904) on Jan. 15. Am. comparative mythology guru Joseph Campbell (b. 1904) on Oct. 31 in Honolulu, Hawaii (esophageal cancer): "Follow your bliss." Am. Hawaii businessman Chinn Ho (b. 1904) on May 12 (heart failure). Austrian-born Am. "Matt Helm" producer Irving Allen (b. 1905) on Dec. 17 in Encino, Calif. Am. movie producer Joseph E. Levine (b. 1905) on July 31. Am. "Margaret Drysdale in The Beverly Hillbillies" actress Harriet E. MacGibbon (b. 1905) on Feb. 8 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart failure). Mexican architect Enrique del Moral (b. 1905) on June 11 in Mexico City (heart disease). Am. physicist Gerald L. Pearson (b. 1905) on Oct. 25. Austrian-born Am. "Sound of Music" singer Maria Augusta von Trapp (b. 1905) on Mar. 28 in Morrisville, Vt. (heart failure). Welsh dramatist-actor Emlyn Williams (b. 1905) on Sept. 25 in London. Am. "Maltese Falcon" actress Mary Astor (b. 1906) on Sept. 25. English actress Madeleine Carroll (b. 1906) on Oct. 2 in Marbella, Spain (pancreatic cancer). Am. film dir.-actor John Huston (b. 1906) on Aug. 28 in Middletown, R.I. Argentine biochemist Luis Federico Leloir (b. 1906) on Dec. 2 in Buenos Aires; 1970 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. "The Day Lincoln Was Shot" writer Jim Bishop (b. 1907) on July 26 in Delray Beach, Fla. English top golfer (1930s-1950s) Sir Henry Cotton (b. 1907) on Dec. 22; knighted next Jan. 1. English writer-poet John Frederick Lehmann (b. 1907) on Apr. 7 in London. Am. historian Lynn Townsend White Jr. (b. 1907) on Mar. 30. Estonian Olympic wrestler Kristjan Palusalu (b. 1908) on July 17. Mexican-Am. actress Raquel Torres (b. 1908) on Aug. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. (stroke complications). English ballet choreographer Antony Tudor (b. 1908) on Apr. 19 in New York City. Am. scholar Carlos Baker (b. 1909) on Apr. 18. English "Hodge in Dragonslayer" actor Sydney Bromley (b. 1909) on Aug. 14 in Worthing, Sussex. Am. herpetologist Archie Fairly Carr Jr. (b. 1909) on May 21 near Micanopy, Fla. Am. Collins Radio Co. founder Arthur Andrew Collins (b. 1909). Am. writer Joseph P. Lash (b. 1909) on Aug. 22 in Boston, Mass. Am. "Professor Wonderful in The Mickey Mouse Club" Julius Sumner Miller (b. 1909) on Apr. 14 (leukemia): "Why is it so?" French dramatist Jean Anouilh (b. 1910) on Oct. 3 in Lausanne, Switzerland. Am. "Mr. Green Jeans in Captain Kangaroo" actor Hugh Brannum (b. 1910) on Apr. 19 in East Stroudsburg, Penn. (cancer). Am. record producer John Hammond (b. 1910) on July 10. Am. "Swing and Sway with Sammy Kaye" bandleader Sammy Kaye (b. 1910) on June 2. Russian-born "You Make Me Feel So Young" composer Josef Myrow (b. 1910) on Dec. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. English writer Eugene Halliday (b. 1911). Am. "The Kid from Brooklyn" actor-comedian Danny Kaye (b. 1911) on Mar. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif.: "I am a wife-made man." English-born Am. Adolf Hitler's nephew William Patrick Stuart-Houston (b. 1911) on July 14 in Patchogue, N.Y. Austrian-Australian conductor-composer Henry Joseph Krips (b. 1912) on Jan. 25. Hungarian-born British writer George Mikes (b. 1912) on Aug. 30 in London. Am. civil rights leader Bayard Rustin (b. 1912) on Aug. 24 in Manhattan, N.Y.; awarded a posth. Pres. Medal of Freedom by Pres. Obama in Aug. 2013. English-born Am. "A Little Night Music", "Candide", "Sweeney Todd" playwright Hugh Callingham Wheeler (b. 1912) on July 26. Am. sci-fi writer Alfred Bester (b. 1913). Am. CIA dir. #11 (1981-7) William Joseph Casey (b. 1913) on May 6 in Roslyn Harbor, N.Y. (brain tumor); Bob Woodward interviews him in his hospital and gets him to admit that he knew about the diversion of funds to the Nicaraguan Contras? Am. politician Wilbur J. Cohen (b. 1913) on May 17 in Seoul, South Korea. Am. Ohio State U. football coach (1951-78) Woody Hayes (b. 1913) on Mar. 12. Am. "Woodchoppers' Ball" composer Woody Herman (b. 1913) on Oct. 29. Chinese-born Am. biochemist Choh Hao Li (b. 1913) on Nov. 28. Am. baseball pitcher Jackie Mitchell (b. 1913) on Jan. 7 in Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. English biochemist Robert S. de Ropp (b. 1913) (kayaking accident). Indian film dir. Khwaja Ahmad Abbas (b. 1914) on June 1 in Mumbai. Am. "Hee-Haw" comedian Archie Campbell (b. 1914) on Aug. 29 in Knoxville, Tenn. (heart attack). Am. inventor Earl Muntz (b. 1914) on June 21 in Rancho Mirage, Calif. (lung cancer). Am. "Midnight Cowboy" screenwriter Waldo Salt (b. 1914) on Mar. 7 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. jazz musician Slam Stewart (b. 1914) on Dec. 10 in Binghamton, N.Y. Am. mob boss Santo Trafficante Jr. (b. 1914) on Mar. 17 in Houston, Tex. Chinese-born shipping magnate and "Precision Club" contract bridge champ Charles C. Wei (b. 1914) on Feb. 20. Soviet physicist Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich (b. 1914) on Dec. 2 in Moscow. English writer Jock Colville (b. 1915) in Nov.; Winston Churchill's private secy. Canadian-born "Pa Cartwright in Bonanza" actor Lorne Greene (b. 1915) on Sept. 11 in Santa Monica, Calif. (prostate cancer). Am. economist Walter Heller (b. 1915) on June 15 in Silverdale, Wash.: "Some of them are Friedmanly, some Friedmanian, some Friedmanesque, some Friedmanic and some Friedmaniacs." (about the followers of rival Milton Friedman) Brazilian-born British zoologist Sir Peter Brian Medawar (b. 1915) on Oct. 2 in London; 1960 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. Repub. political advisor Bryce Nathaniel Harlow (b. 1916) on Feb. 17 in Arlington, Va. Am. "Ralph Kramden" actor ("The Great One") Jackie Gleason (b. 1916) on June 24 in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. Am. novelist John Oliver Killens (b. 1916) on Oct. 27 in Brooklyn, N.Y. (cancer). British Wing Cmdr. Robert Stanford Tuck (b. 1916) on May 5 in Canterbury. Am. CIA spy chief James Jesus Angleton (b. 1917) on May 12. Italian novelist Carlo Cassola (b. 1917) on Jan. 29. Am. automaker (Ford Motor Co. head 1945-80) Henry Ford II (b. 1917) on Sept. 29. Am. jazz drummer Buddy Rich (b. 1917) on Apr. 2. Am. nuclear chemist-activist Harrison Brown (b. 1917) on Dec. 6 in Albuquerque, N.M. Am. writer Richard Ellmann (b. 1918) on May 13 in Oxford, England. Am. "Hollywood's Love Goddess" actress Rita Hayworth (b. 1918) on May 14 in New York City (Alzheimer's): "A girl is a girl; it's nice to be told you're successful at it." Lithuanian partisan leader and poet Abba Kovner (b. 1918) on Sept. 25 in Kibbutz Ein HaHoresh, Israel (throat cancer). Am. "Music Man" actor Robert Preston (b. 1918) on Mar. 21 in Montecito, Calif. Italian Jewish writer and Auschwitz survivor Primo Levi (b. 1919) on Apr. 11 (suicide) (throws himself down the staircase of his apt. bldg.). Am. gay Las Vegas pianist ("Mr. Showmanship") Liberace (b. 1919) on Feb. 4 in Palm Springs, Calif. (AIDS). Barbados PM Errol Walton Barrow (b. 1920) on June 1. Am. "Rocky Top", "Wake Up, Little Susie", "Bye Bye Love", "Devoted to You" songwriter Boudleaux Bryant (b. 1920) on June 25. Am. ballerina Nora Kaye (b. 1920) on Feb. 28 in Santa Monica, Calif. (cancer). Lebanese statesman Rashid Karami (b. 1921) on June 1. English-born Am. glaciologist John H. Mercer (b. 1922) on July 3 in Columbus, Ohio. Am. poetry ed. of "The New Yorker" (1948-87) Howard Moss (b. 1922) on Sept. 16. Canadian Quebec PM (1976-85) Rene Levesque (b. 1922) on Nov. 1 in Ile des Soeurs, Quebec. Scottish "Guns of Navarone" novelist Alistair MacLean (b. 1922) on Feb. 2 in Munich, Germany. Am. "Laugh-In" comedian Dan Rowan (b. 1922) on Sept. 22 in Manasota Key, Fla. (cancer). Am. Chicago mayor (1983-87) Harold Washington (b. 1922) on Nov. 25 in Chicago, Ill. (heart attack). Am. child actor Sherwood Bailey (b. 1923) on Aug. 6; played Spud in the "Our Gang" films. Am. Dallas Cowboys founder Clint Murchison Jr. (b. 1923) on Mar. 30 in Dallas, Tex. (pneumonia). Am. "Adolf Hitler in "The Producers" comic actor Dick Shawn (b. 1923) on Apr. 17 in San Diego, Calif. (heart attack); dies onstage during a comedy act, and the audience refuses to leave, thinking it's part of the act. Am. "Notes of a Native Son" writer James Baldwin (b. 1924) on Dec. 1 in Saint-Paul de Vence, France: "The most dangerous creation of any society is that man who has nothing to lose"; "The price one pays for pursuing any profession or calling is an intimate knowledge of its ugly side"; "People are trapped in history and history is trapped in them." Am. "Cat Ballou" actor Lee Marvin (b. 1924) on Aug. 29 in Tucson, Ariz. Am. geologist Allan Verne Cox (b. 1926) on Jan. 27 in Palo Alto, Calif. (bicycle accident with a redwood tree). Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence (b. 1926) on Jan. 5. Am. "Cabaret" choreographer Bob Fosse (b. 1927) on Sept. 23 in Washington, D.C. (heart attack). AM. "six stages of moral development" Harvard psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg (b. 1927) on Jan. 19 in Boston Harbor, Mass. (drowned after requesting a leave from a Mass. hospital where he was being treated for depression). Am. ABC-TV science editor Jules Bergman (b. 1929) on Feb. 12 (brain tumor); the U.S. Space Program loses its independent Jewish face. Am. "Hello, Dolly!" playwright Michael Stewart (b. 1929) on Sept. 20 in New York City (pneumonia). Am. self-publicist and pop artist Andy Warhol (b. 1928) on Feb. 22 in New York City: "An artist is somebody who produces things that people don't need to have." Am. "Mary Campbell in Soap" actress Cathryn Damon (b. 1930) on May 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). Am. astronaut Donn F. Eisele (b. 1930) on Dec. 2 in Tokyo. Argentine-born Am. actor Alejandro Rey (b. 1930) on May 21 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lung cancer). Niger pres. (1974-87) Gen. Seyni Kountche (b. 1931) on Nov. 10 in Paris, France (brain tumor). Indian-born Am. priest Tony de Mello (b. 1931) on June 2 in New York City. Am. "Rose in The Outlaw Josie Wales" actress Joyce Jameson (b. 1932) on Jan. 16 in Burbank, Calif. (suicide by OD). Egyptian-born Italian singer (in France) Dalida (b. 1933) on May 3 in Paris. Am. "Chief Bromden in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" actor Will Sampson (b. 1933) on June 3 in Houston, Tex. (kidney failure). Am. singer Jimmy Holiday (b. 1934) on Feb. 15 (heart failure). Am. baseball mgr. (Kansas City Royals, 1981-6) Dick Howser (b. 1936) on June 17 in Kansas City, Mo. Am. basketball player Gus Johnson (b. 1938) on Apr. 29 in Akron, Ohio (brain cancer). Tibetan Buddhist master Chogyam Trungpa (b. 1939) on Apr. 4 in Halifax, N.S., Canada. Am. "Nine to Five" dir. Colin Higgins (b. 1941) on Aug. 5 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Am. "A Chorus Line" choreographer Michael Bennett (b. 1943) on July 2 in Tucson, Ariz. (AIDS). Am. "Selina D'Arcy in A Patch of Blue" actress Elizabeth Harman (b. 1943) on Jan. 10 in Pittsburgh, Penn. (suicide). Am. "The Wiz" composer-songwriter Charlie Smalls (b. 1943) on Aug. 27 in Belgium (ruptured appendix). Jamaican reggae music artist Peter Tosh (b. 1944) on Sept. 11. British cellist Jacqueline du Pre (b. 1945) on Oct. 19 in London (MS); retired at age 27. Burkina Faso pres. (1983-7) Thomas Sankara (b. 1949) on Oct. 15 in Ouagadougou (assassinated). Am. entertainer Dean Paul "Dino" Martin Jr. (b. 1951) on Mar. 21 in San Gorgonio Mt., Calif.; dies when his Nat. Guard F-4 Phantom crashes during a snowstorm. Am. jazz bassist Jaco Pastorius (b. 1951) on Sept. 21 in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. (brain hemorrhage after kicking in a glass door at a nightclub for being refused entry). Am. Larry Flynt's wife Althea Flynt (b. 1953) on June 27 in Los Angeles, Calif.; drowns in their Bel-Air mansion after an OD while suffering terminal AIDS.



1988 - The Year of No New Taxes Bush and Quail, er, Quayle Four Days Before Christmas in 88 Lockerbie Scotland? American televangelists converge in a scandal smut-bucket while the Democrats front a sure-lose team for the White House?

Reagan in Moscow, 1988 Michael S. Dukakis of the U.S. (1933-) U.S. Sen. Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. of the U.S. (1921-2006) James Danforth Quayle of the U.S. (1947-) Richard Gephardt of the U.S. (1941-) Ann Richards of the U.S. (1933-2006) Richard Lewis 'Dick' Thornburgh of the U.S. (1932-) Lauro Fred Cavazos Jr. of the U.S. (1927-) Brent Scowcroft of the U.S. (1925-) Lawrence Eagleburger of the U.S. (1930-) Louis Wade Sullivan of the U.S. (1933-) Nicholas Frederick Brady of the U.S. (1930-) Elizabeth Hanford Dole of the U.S. (1936-) Richard Gordon Darman of the U.S. (1943-) Samuel Knox Skinner of the U.S. (1938-) Manuel Lujan Jr. of the U.S. (1928-) John Henry Sununu of the U.S. (1939-) Lee Atwater of the U.S. (1951-91) Michel Rocard of France (1930-) Miklos Nemeth of Hungary (1948-) Imre Poszgay of Hungary (1933-) Carlos Salinas de Gortari of Mexico (1948-) Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of Mexico (1934-) Leslie Francois Manigat of Haiti (1930-2014) Gen. Prosper Avril of Haiti (1937-) Zhu Rongji of China (1928-) Lee Teng-hui of Taiwan (1923-) Ali Akbar Velayati of Iran (1945-) Hashemi Rafsansanji of Iran (1934-2017) Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan (1953-2007) Robert H. Pelletreau of the U.S. (1935-) Arizona Gov. Evan Mecham (b. 1924) George John Mitchell Jr. of the U.S. (1933-) Jimmy the Greek Snyder (1918-96) Jimmy Swaggart (1935-) Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma (1945-) Gen. Saw Maung of Myanmar (Burma) (1928-97) Htun Aung Gyaw of Burma Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati of Iran (1926-) Archbishop Eugene Antonio Marino (1934-2000) Rev. Barbara C. Harris (1930-) Leonard Matlovich (1934-88) Donna Brazile (1959-) Jennifer Fitzgerald (1932-) Clay Lacy (1932-) Axis Sally (1900-88) Carlos Enrique Lehder Rivas (1950-) Lee Roy Young Jr. James Ephraim Lovelock (1919-) Lynn Margulis (1938-2011) Cardinal Anastasio Ballestrero (1913-98) The Shroud of Turin Osama bin Laden (1957-2011) Said Ramadan (1926-95) Sayyed Imam al-Sharif (1950-) Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006) Bart Giamatti (1938-89) Kirk Gibson (1957-) Eck Eckersley (1954-) Orel Hershiser (1958-) Doug Williams (1955-) and Timmy Smith (1964-) Timmy Smith (1964-) Bob Benoit (1954-) Gretchen Elizabeth Carlson (1966-) Julie Ward (-1988) Larry Flynt (1943-) Sheldon Adelson (1933-) Dr. Irving King Jordan (1943-) Robert Emmet Chambers Jr. (1966-) Richard Wade Farley (1948-) Dan Jansen of the U.S. (1967-) Katarina Witt of East Germany (1956-) Debi Thomas of the U.S. (1967-) Matti Nykänen of Finland (1963-) Yvonne van Gennip of Netherlands (1964-) 1988 Jamaican Bobsled Team Eddie the Eagle Edwards of Britain (1963-) Brian Boitano of the U.S. (1963-) Alberto Tomba of Italy (1966-) Steffi Graf of Germany (1969-) Greg Louganis of the U.S. (1960-) Ben Johnson of Canada (1961-) Florence Griffith-Joyner of the U.S. (1959-98) Christa Luding-Rothenburger of East Germany (1959-) Peter Rono of Kenya (1967-) Roy Jones Jr. of the U.S. (1969-) Dorothea Puente (1929-2011) Andre Rand (1944-) Danny Manning (1966-) Rik Smits (1966-) Mitch Raymond (1965-) Hersey Hawkins (1966-) Dan Majerle(1965-) Iran Barkley (1960-) Lydia Bradley (1962-) Taylor Branch (1947-) John Calipari (1959-) John Cardy (1947-) Peter Grünberg (1939-) S. Ichtiaque Rasool (1930-2016) James Edward Hansen (1941-) James Edward Hansen (1941-) Tim Worth of the U.S. (1939-) Al Gore of the U.S. (1948-) Albert Fert (1938-) Tom Ford (1961-) Phillip L. Hutchinson (1963-88) Kip Thorne (1940-) Jaarko Okarinen (1967-) Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006) Leon Max Lederman (1922-2018) Hernando de Soto Polar (1941-) Melvin Schwartz (1932-2006) Claude Mason Steele (1946-) Jack Steinberger (1921-) Johann Deisenhofer (1943-) Peter Hřeg (1957-) Robert Huber (1937-) Gertrude Belle Elion (1918-99) George Herbert Hitchings (1905-98) Sir James Whyte Black (1924-2010) Maurice Allais (1911-) Albert Baez (1912-2007) David Barton (1954-) Thomas Berry (1914-2009) Michael Blake (1945-) David Jay Brown Michael Chabon (1963-) Laurie Colwin (1944-92) Scott Cunningham (1956-93) Samuel R. Delany (1942-) William Doyle (1942-) Marilyn Hacker (1942-) Jonathan Franzen (1959-) Robert Fulghum (1937-) John Grisham (1955-) Thomas Harris (1940-) Jane Hamilton (1957-) Campbell Harvey (1958-) Carolyn Heilbrun (1926-2003) David Henry Hwang (1957-) Susan Isaacs (1943-) Sřren Johansen (1969-) Frederick A. Leuchter (1943-) Craig Lucas (1951-) James M. McPherson (1936-) Benny Morris (1948-) Mary McGarry Morris (1943-) Elaine Pagels (1943-) Heinz Pagels (1939-88) Neil Sheehan (1936-) U.S. Lt. Col. John Paul Vann (1924-72) Marilyn Waring (1952-) Ken Wilber (1949-) Richard Wilbur (1921-2017) William Lockhart Ball III of the U.S. (1948-) Anne Rivers Siddons (1936-) Diane Wakoski (1937-) Brian Weiss (1944-) Paula Abdul (1962-) Björk (1965-) Melissa Etheridge (1961-) Tracy Chapman (1964-) Julia Fordham (1962-) Jane's Addiction 'Nothings Shocking' by Jane's Addiction, 1998 AQi Fzono (1969-) Ofra Haza (1957-2000) Milli Vanilli Morrissey (1959-) Q Lazzarus (1954-) Soundgarden Winger L7 Martika (1969-) Bobby McFerrin (1950-) 'Punk Rock Girl' by The Dead Milkmen, 1988 Classic Rock and Roll Honour Awards Fred Schepisi (1939-) Michelle Shocked (1962-) Tracie Spencer (1976-) Kate Moss (1974-) 'China Beach', 1988-91 'In the Heat of the Night', 1988-95 'Murphy Brown', starring Candice Bergen (1946-), 1988-98 'Mystery Science Theater 3000', 1988-99 'Roseanne', 1988-97 'The Wonder Years', 1988-93 'The Accidental Tourist', 1988 'The Adventures of Baron Munchausen', 1988 'Beetlejuice' starring Michael Keaton (1951-), 1988 'Big', 1988 Penny Marshall (1943-2018) 'Bird', 1988 'Bull Durham', 1988 Keith Gordon (1961-) 'The Chocolate War', 1988 'Chucky', 1988 'Colors', 1988 'A Cry in the Dark', starring Meryl Streep (1949-) and Sam Neill (1947-), 1988 'Die Hard', 1988 'Distant Voices, Still Lives', 1988 'Earth Girls Are Easy', 1988 'A Fish Called Wanda', 1988 'Good Morning, Vietnam', starring Robin Williams, 1988 'Gorillas in the Mist', 1988 'Hairspray', 1988 'Killer Klowns from Outer Space', 1988 'The Last Temptation of Christ', starring Willem Dafoe (1955-), 1988 'Maniac Cop', 1988 'Mystic Pizza', 1988 'Rain Man', starring Tom Cruise (1962-) and Dustin Hoffman (1937-), 1988 'Stand and Deliver', starring Edward James Olmos (1947-), 1988 Jaime Escalante (1930-2010) 'They Live', 1988 'The Unbearable Lightness of Being', 1988 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit?', 1988 'Working Girl', starring Melanie Griffith (1957-), 1988 'Young Guns', 1988 Bruce Nauman (1941-) 'Clown Taking a Shit' by Bruce Nauman (1941-), 1988 Louve Pyramid, 1988 La Pyramide Inversée, 1993 Fontaine de la Pyramide, 1988 Volcano Fountain, Abu Dhabi, 198? Rod Laver Arena, 1988 An-225 Mriya Su-35

1988 Doomsday Clock: 6 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Dragon (Feb. 17). Time Mag. Man of the Year: The Endangered Earth; Am. brain man Isaac Asimov (1920-92) calls it the Year of the Greenhouse Effect because a hot summer and drought causes it to be talked about. Pop. of Uruguay: 3M. Beginning this year large numbers of Russians begin immigrating to the U.S. This year 400M CDs are manufactured by 50 plants around the world. On Jan. 1 Michigan State defeats USC by 20-17 to win the 1988 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 Reagan and Gorbachev exchange optimistic New Year's greetings, expressing mutual hope of reaching an arms control treaty on strategic weapons by mid-year. On Jan. 2 Pres. Reagan and Canadian PM Brian Mulroney sign an agreement to lift trade restrictions between their countries. On Jan. 2 a 4M gal. Ashland Oil Co. tank collapses in West Elizabeth, Penn., dumping more than 700K gal. of diesel oil into the Monongahela River and fouling Pittsburgh's drinking water supply. On Jan. 3 the Israeli Army orders nine Palestinian activists deported as part of a controversial crackdown to stop the uprising in the occupied territories; on Jan. 5 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 607 to ask Israel not to do that in the first council vote against Israel since 1981, citing the Geneva Conventions; meanwhile the Jewish Women in Black begin holding weekly vigils at busy road junctions in Jerusalem, holding signs saying "End the Occupation", their protest spreading to other countries incl. Serbia, Spain, Belgium, England, India, and Philippines. On Jan. 6 Soviet foreign minister Eduard Shevardnadze is quoted by the Afghan news agency as saying that the Kremlin wants to pull an estimated 115K soldiers from Afghanistan in the coming year starting in May. On Jan. 7 an Ariz. state grand jury indicts Mormon ex-Pontiac dealer Gov. Evan Mecham (b. 1924) and his brother Willard on charges of concealing a campaign loan; on Feb. 5 the Ariz. House impeaches Mecham, setting the stage for his trial in the state Senate, which convicts him on Apr. 4 of two charges of official misconduct, and removes him from office, making Mecham the first U.S. gov. to be so censured in nearly six decades; both are he and his brother are later acquitted. On Jan. 7 Secy. of State George P. Shultz, seeking to smooth a rift caused by an anti-Israeli U.N. vote, tells reporters that overall U.S. support for Israel remained "unshakeable". On Jan. 10 Soviet media report on an interview given to Chinese journalists by Gorbachev, who praises the state of Sino-Soviet relations and calls for a summit, which the Chinese refuse until Soviet-backed Vietnamese forces withdraw from Cambodia. On Jan. 11 U.S. vice-pres. George H.W. Bush meets with reps. of independent counsel Lawrence E. Walsh to answer questions about the Iran-Contra Affair. On Jan. 11 the Soviet Union announces that it will participate in the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympics. On Jan. 13 Lee Teng-hui (1923-) becomes pres. of the Repub. of China (Taiwan) (until May 20, 2000), going on to consolidate his power as chmn. of the Kuomintang. On Jan. 13 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-3 in Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier that public school officials have broad powers to censor school newspapers, school plays, and other "school-sponsored expressive activities"; so much for the 1969 Tinker decision that students don't "shed their constitutional rights... at the schoolhouse gate"? On Jan. 14 with the U.S. abstaining, the U.N. Security Council votes 14-0 to call on Israel to stop deporting Palestinians and to allow those already expelled to return. On Jan. 15 in Jerusalem riot police charge into the Al Aqsa and Dome of the Rock mosques after worshippers beat a policeman and steal his pistol during some of the worst clashes ever seen on the Temple Mount. Shut yo' mouth (STFU) or you're outta here, this is the land of the free, as long as you like being unemployed? On Jan. 16 Steubenville, Ohio-born CBS-TV "The NFL Today" sports commentator Jimmy "the Greek" Snyder (1918-96), famous for predicting the outcome of 18 of 21 Super Bowls is summarily fired one day after telling a TV reporter in Washington, D.C. that "During the slave period, the slave owner would breed his big black with his big woman so that he would have a big black kid"; this event signals the arrival of the Regime of Political Correctness in the U.S., where the leftist mainly Jewish-controlled media attempt to stifle all free speech by creating an atmosphere where anybody expressing an opinion not in line with their super-liberal agenda of acceptance for integration, racemixing, homosexuality, feminism, affirmative action, and secularization (de-Christianization) of the govt. is open season for any govt. entity, univ., or corporation to silence and fire at will, with the action accepted without question and applauded openly by the media as not to be questioned - actually the horrible boat trip from Africa aboard slave ships already weeded out the weak and left the main pop. ready for prime time? On Jan. 17 Haiti holds a pres. election run by the military-led junta, which is boycotted by the opposition. On Jan. 18 China Southwest Airlines Flight 4146 crashes near Chongqing (Chungking) in SW China, killing all 108 aboard. On Jan. 19 State Farm Insurance Co. in Calif. announces that that it will pay $1.3M to settle a sex discrimination lawsuit brought by three former employees. On Jan. 22 German PM Helmut Kohl visits France, and establishes a Defense and Security Council and an Economic and Finance Council with them. On Jan. 22 a U.S. federal appeals court rules that court appointment of independent counsels to investigate allegations of wrongdoing by high-ranking govt. officials under the 1978 U.S. Independent Counsel Act is unconstitutional, but that appointment by the U.S. atty. gen. is constitutional despite the argument that the office of independent counsel takes executive power away from the U.S. pres. and creates a hybrid "fourth branch" of govt. answerable to no one; the U.S. Supreme (Rehnquist) Court upholds them 7-1 next June 29 in Morrison v. Olson, claiming that although the U.S. pres. can't fire an independent counsel, he/she is still an officer of the executive branch and hence not under control of the Congress or courts; lone dissenter Antonin Scalia writes that criminal prosecution is an exercise of "purely executive power" and that the law deprives the U.S. pres. of "exclusive control" of that power, adding "I fear the Court has permanently encumbered the Republic with an institution that will do it great harm." On Jan. 23 more than 50K Israelis demonstrate in Tel Aviv to protest the treatment of Palestinians in the occupied territories. On Jan. 24 Leslie Francois Saint Roc Manigat (1930-2014) is declared pres. of Haiti and sworn-in on Feb. 7; in May he is ousted by Lt. Gen. Henri Namphy, who becomes pres. on June 20; on Sept. 17 he is ousted by Gen. Prosper Avril (1937-), who becomes pres. of Haiti (until Mar. 10, 1990). On Jan. 25 in his final State of the Union address, Pres. Reagan declares that America is "strong, prosperous, at peace"; Vice-Pres. George Bush and Dan Rather clash on the CBS Evening News as the anchorman attempts to question him about his role in the Iran-Contra Affair. On Jan. 26 Australia celebrates its 200th birthday with a grand parade of tall ships in Sydney Harbor reenacting the voyage of the first European convict settlers. On Jan. 27 the Senate Judiciary Committee unanimously approves the nomination of Anthony M. Kennedy to the U.S. Supreme Court; the Senate confirms him on Feb. 3 and he is sworn-in as justice #104 on Feb. 18. On Jan. 28 a 13-day standoff in Marion, Utah between police and a polygamist clan ends in gunfire that kills a state corrections officer and seriously wounds the group's leader Adam Swapp. On Jan. 28 the Supreme Court of Canada strikes down the nation's restrictive abortion law. On Jan. 28 in Nicaragua the leftist govt. and Contra rebels begin their first face-to-face peace talks in San Jose, Costa Rica. On Jan. 28 U.S. vice-pres. George H.W. Bush gives an Interview with Dan Rather on CBS Evening News so that he can "fight the wimp factor" and answer questions about his role in the Iran-Contra Affair; after Rather cuts him off abruptly, Bush tells the technicians "The bastard didn't lay a glove on me... Tell your goddamned network that if they want to talk to me to raise their hands at a press conference. No more Mr. Inside stuff after that", causing Bush to project a tough guy image that helps his campaign with conservatives; Bush campaign mgr. Roger Ailes uses the conservative hostility against the Big Three networks to help launch Fox News in 1996. On Jan. 29 (12:30 p.m.) a Boston-bound Amtrak night owl train derails in Chester, Penn., injuring 25. On Jan. 29 Nicaraguan Pres. Daniel Ortega receives a coolly polite reception from Pope John Paul II at the Vatican - you mean I ain't saved? On Jan. 30 Israeli troops fire on hundreds of demonstrators in the West Bank while protests rock the Gaza Strip, shattering three weeks of relative quiet in the occupied territories. On Jan. 31 Super Bowl XXII (22) is held in San Diego, Calif.; the Washington Redskins (NFC) blow out the Denver Broncos (AFC) 42-10 after Denver momentarily appears to have broken their SB jinx with a 56-yard John Elway bomb to Ricky Nattiel for a TD on their first play from scrimmage, and a 10-0 opening lead; too bad, Washington doesn't wait till the 3rd quarter like the New York Giants, exploiting Denver's weak secondary to score 35 points in the 2nd quarter with four TD passes by QB (#17) Douglas Lee "Doug" Williams (1955-), making the rest of the game into a super bore in which Redskins rookie running back (#36) Timothy LaRay "Timmy" Smith (1964-) rushes for a record 204 yards like a hot knife through butter, incl. a 58-yard TD run; the largest deficit overcome to win a SB (10 points); outraged advertisers watching the masses turn the channel at halftime half-seriously clamor for a "No Denver in the Super Bowl" rule; Washington's Doug Williams is MVP (first black SB starting QB and MVP); speaking of Denver, in 2005 Timmy Smith is arrested for selling cocaine to an undercover police officer in Denver, sentenced to 2.5 years, and released on Mar. 3, 2008. On Jan. 31 (aired right after Super Bowl XXII) the comedy-drama series The Wonder Years debuts on ABC-TV for 115 episodes (until May 12, 1993), starring Frederick Aaron "Fred" Savage (1976-) as Kevin Arnold, who lives in a typical Am. middle-class suburb in 1968-73, each episode airing 20 years after it allegedly takes place; the theme song is "With a Little Help from My Friends" by Joe Cocker, written by the Beatles; at age 13 Savage becomes the youngest actor to be nominated for an Emmy for outstanding lead actor in a comedy series. In Jan. Ray Ban-wearing singer Ray, er, Roy Orbison (b. 1936) gives his Black & White Night Concert at the Cocoanut Grove along with several famous artists, incl. Bruce Springsteen and Bonnie Raitt (1949-), then dies of a heart attack on Dec. 6; he wears a diamond-studded Cross Alisee Patee with pearl center given to him by his 2nd wife Barbara. On Feb. 1 U.S. atty.-gen. Edwin Meese III denies any wrongdoing, saying he didn't recall part of a memo about a proposed Iraqi pipeline project that referred to a plan to bribe Israeli officials. On Feb. 1 a truck carrying hitchhikers collides with a coffee truck and plunges into the Grande-Anse River near Jeremie, Haiti, killing 70 - coffee drinking fish jokes here? On Feb. 2 in a speech that three major TV networks decline to broadcast live, Pres. Reagan presses his case for aid to the Nicaraguan Contras. On Feb. 3 the U.S. House of Reps. hands Pres. Reagan a major defeat, rejecting his request for $36M for aid to the Nicaraguan Contras. On Feb. 4 Senate Repub. leader Bob Dole twice confronts Vice-Pres. George Bush on the floor of the Senate, accusing him of condoning a campaign attack that amounted to "groveling in the mud". On Feb. 5 a pair of indictments are unsealed in Florida, accusing Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega of bribery and drug trafficking. On Feb. 6 pres. hopefuls storm through a final weekend of campaigning before Iowa's precinct caucuses, with a poll for the Des Moines Register giving Bob Dole of Kan. the lead among Repubs., and Richard Andrew "Dick" Gephardt (1941-) of Mo. a narrow lead among Dems. On Feb. 9 (11:20 a.m.) Arlington County, Va.-born career criminal and escaped Tex. convict Phillip L. Hutchinson (b. 1963) robs the Rio Grande Operating Credit Union in Denver, Colo. then flees in his brown Chevy K5 Blazer not knowing that Denver is a police state, soon being tracked by a KCNC-TV news heli, crashing into a police car and killing Det. Robert "Bob" Wallis before crashing into a tree and fleeing on foot, attempting to hijack a women in a car with a baby then invading the home of 72-y.-o. John Laurienti, making him drive him in his pickup truck, almost getting away, driving right past a police car, until heli pilot Mike Silva lands right in front of him, after which police arrive and shoot it out, killing him. On Feb. 10 a 3-gay, er, 3-judge panel of the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco strikes down the Army's ban on homosexuals, saying gays are entitled to the same protection against discrimination as racial minorities; the ruling is later set aside by the full-blown appeals court. On Feb. 12 the Pentagon charges that two Soviet Navy vessels deliberately bumped two U.S. warships in the Black Sea as the U.S. vessels sailed through waters claimed by the Soviet Union. On Feb. 12 Gen. Alexander M. Haig drops out of the race for the Repub. U.S. pres. nomination. On Feb. 15 a bus plunges into a 170-ft. ravine near Pallasca, Peru, killing 14. On Feb. 13-28 the XV (15th) (1988) Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada sees 1,423 athletes from 57 nations participate in 46 events in 6 sports and 10 disciplines; on Feb. 14 hours after learning that his sister had died of leukemia, Daniel Erwin "Dan" Jansen (1967-) of the U.S. loses his bid for a gold medal at the Winter Olympics when he falls during the 500m speedskating event; on Feb. 26 the Soviet Union wins the men's hockey gold medal; on Feb. 27 after the "Battle of the Carmens", Katarina "Kati" Witt (1965-) of East Germany win the women's figure skating gold medal, with Debra Janine "Debi" Thomas (1967-) becoming the first African-Am. to win a medal at a Winter Olympics (bronze); Finnish ski jumper Matti Ensio Nykanen (Nykänen) (1963-) and Dutch speed skater Yvonne Maria Therese van Gennip (1964-) each win three golds; the Jamaica bobsled team (Devon Harris, Dudley Stokes, Michael White, Freddy Powell, and Chris Stokes) makes its debut, but fails to qualify, becoming celebs; British skier Michael "Eddie the Eagle" Edwards (1963-) becomes the first to represent Britain in ski jumping since 1928, and finishes last in the 70m and 90m events, becoming a celeb; male figure skater Brian Boitano (1963-) of the U.S. (Feb. 20) and alpine skier Alberto Tomba (1966-) of Italy also emerge as big endorsement prospects; Canada fails to win a gold medal - well, shut my mouth? On Feb. 13 Pres. Reagan meets with Mexican pres. Miguel de la Madrid in the Mexican resort of Mazatlan. On Feb. 15 Austrian Pres. Kurt Waldheim vows in a televised address not to "retreat in the face of slanders" concerning his WWII German Army record. On Feb. 16 George Bush and Michael Dukakis score big Vs in the N.H. primaries. On Feb. 16 seven people are shot to death during an office rampage in Sunnyvale, Calif. by Richard Wade Farley (1948-), an ex-employee of Electromagnetic Systems Labs (ESL); he receives the death sentence. On Feb. 17 U.S. Lt. Col. William R. Higgins, an officer serving with a U.N. truce monitoring group is kidnapped by the Org. of the Oppressed on Earth (Hezbollah) in S Lebanon, and is later slain by his captors. On Feb. 18 Soviet Communist Party leaders drop former Moscow party chief Boris N. Yeltsin from the ruling Politburo - if you can't join 'em, beat 'em? On Feb. 20 the Nagorno-Karabakh War (ends May 12, 1994) begins as orthodox Christian Armenians attempt to break free from their mountainous enclave inside Muslim-controlled Azerjbaijan; too bad, both sides get accused of atrocities. On Feb. 21 (Sun.) Ferriday, La.-born Christian Pentecostal televangelist Jimmy Braggart, er, Jimmy Lee Swaggart (1935-), cousin of rock & roll singer Jerry Lee Lewis (1935-) and country singer Mickey Leroy Gilley (1936-) admits in a Sunday morning sermon from his pulpit in Baton Rouge that "I have sinned" with a $20 New York City prostitute the year before after pictures taken by rival Marvin Gorman emerge, leaving the pulpit temporarily - for VD tests? On Feb. 23 Pres. Reagan names William Lockhart Ball III (1948-) to succeed James H. Webb Jr. as U.S. Navy secy. #67 (until May 15, 1989). On Feb. 23 Bob Dole defeats George Bush in the S.D. and Minn. Repub. primaries; Dem. Michael S. Dukakis wins in Minn., and Dem. Dick Gephardt wins in S.D. On Feb. 24 in a ruling that expands legal protections for parody and satire, the U.S. Supreme Court overturns a $200K jury award that Moral Majority founder Rev. Jerry Falwell won against Hustler mag. and publisher Larry Claxton Flynt Jr. (1942-) for "emotional distress" for pub. a parody of Falwell having an incestuous affair with his mother in an outhouse in the guise of an ad for Campar Vodka ("You'll never forget your first time"); the ruling protects the article as political satire. On Feb. 25 Roh Tae-woo is sworn-in as pres. of the Repub. of Korea (ROK) (South Korea) (until 1993); too bad, Nat. Assembly elections in Apr. give the opposition a majority. On Feb. 25 Panama Pres. Eric Arturo Delvalle announces the dismissal of Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega as commander of the country's defense forces; on Feb. 26 Panama's Nat. Assembly votes to oust Delvalle, who in turn calls for a nat. strike to repudiate Noriega. On Feb. 28 ethnic unrest breaks out between Armenians and Azerbaijanis in the city of Sumgait, leading to an anti-Armenian pogrom. On Feb. 29 a Nazi document is discovered implicating Kurt Waldheim in WWII deportations. On Feb. 29 South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu and other religious leaders are arrested while kneeling near Parliament with a petition against govt. bans on anti-apartheid groups; all are freed hours later. In Feb. wool sells for a record $230 a bale. On Mar. 1 Pres. Reagan arrives in Brussels, Belgium for the first NATO summit in six years. On Mar. 1 Iraq says it fired 16 missiles into Tehran in the first long-range rocket attack on the Iranian capital since the Iran-Iraq War began. On Mar. 2 the U.N. Gen. Assembly votes overwhelmingly to order the U.S. to submit to binding arbitration in its plan to close the observer mission of the PLO; a federal court later stops the U.S. On Mar. 3 the U.S. House of Reps. rejects a package of $30M in non-lethal aid for the Nicaraguan Contras. On Mar. 4 the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the nation's civilian unemployment rate had dropped the previous month to 5.7%. On Mar. 5 George Bush wins the S.C. Repub. primary, with Bob Dole running a distant 2nd, followed by Pat Robertson and N.Y. Rep. Jack Kemp. On Mar. 6 the board of trustees at Gallaudet U. in Washington, D.C. (a liberal arts college for the deaf) selects a hearing woman to be school pres., causing outraged students to shut down the campus, and forcing the selection of deaf pres. Dr. Irving King Jordan (1943-) on Mar. 13 instead; he retires on Dec. 31, 2006 - they too can hate people for being different? On Mar. 6 the drama series In the Heat of the Night debuts on NBC-TV for 142 episodes (until Feb. 17, 1995 after switching to CBS-TV in 1992), based on the 1965 John Ball novel and the 1967 film, starring John Carroll O'Connor (1924-2001) as white police chief William Gillespie of Sparta, Miss., and Howard Ellsworth Rollins Jr. (1950-96) as black Philly police detective Virgil Tibbs. On Mar. 7 three Israelis are killed when three Arab gunmen hijack a commuter bus in the Negev Desert, after which Israeli forces storm the vehicle and kill the gunmen. On Mar. 8 George Bush is the big Repub. winner in the first Super Tuesday pres. primaries, designed to boost the importance of the South; among Dems., Michael Dukakis, Jesse Jackson, and Al Gore split the lion's share of delegates. On Mar. 8 17 soldiers die when two Army helis from Ft. Campbell, Ky. collide in midair. On Mar. 8 the jazz-playing Ovechkin Family (mother Ninel, 7 sons and 3 daughters, who hide their sawed-off shotguns in their musical instrument cases) attempt to escape the Soviet Union by hijacking a Tu-154 flight from Irkutsk to Leningrad, hoping to force it to London; after landing near Vyborg the plane is stormed, and the mother is killed by one of her sons at her own request and four more commit suicide; three passengers and a stewardess are also killed. On Mar. 10 New York Rep. Jack Kemp drops out of the race for the Repub. pres. nomination. On Mar. 11 saying "The people have decided", Colo. loser Gary Hart withdraws for the 2nd time from the Dem. pres. race. On Mar. 12 Rev. Jesse Jackson wins the Dem. precinct caucuses in his native state of S.C. On Mar. 14 Israeli PM Yitzhak Shamir arrives in Washington, D.C. with what he calls new ideas for Middle East peace talks, despite maintaining a hard line on Israel's retention of the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. On Mar. 15 Paul Simon defeats Jesse Jackson in the Ill. Dem. primary, while George Bush wins a clear V over Bob Dole in the Repub. primary. On Mar. 16 (Bloody Fri.) "Chemical Ali", Ali Hassan al-Majid, Saddam Hussein's right-hand man masterminds the gassing of Kurds in Halabja, Iraq, killing 5K; on July 23 Iran publicly accuses Iraq of it; the U.S. was complicit? On Mar. 16 pro-British militant Michael Stone attacks an IRA graveside service in Belfast, Northern Ireland with guns and grenades, killing three; in 2000 Stone is released from prison as part of a peace accord. On Mar. 16 former Nat. Security Adviser John M. Poindexter, former White House aide Oliver L. North, retired Air Force Maj. Gen. Richard V. Secord, and Secord's business partner Albert Hakim are indicted on charges relating to the Iran-Contra Affair; Poindexter and North have their convictions thrown out after pleading not guilty on Mar. 24, Secord and Hakim receive probation after pleading guilty to a single count - we're the four monkeys Hear No, See No, Speak No and Cop A Plea? On Mar. 17 planeloads of U.S. soldiers arrive at Palmerola Air Base in Honduras in Operation Golden Pheasant, a show of strength ordered by Pres. Reagan. On Mar. 17 Apple Corp. files suit against Microsoft, alleging copyright infringement in the Windows GUI - alleging? On Mar. 17 three people are killed when a man armed with guns and grenades attacks an IRA graveside service in Belfast. On Mar. 18 the govt. of Panama, controlled by Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega declares a "state of urgency" in a move apparently aimed at forcing the reopening of banks and other businesses that closed during Panama's economic and political crisis. On Mar. 19two British soldiers are shot to death after being dragged from a car and beaten by mourners attending an IRA funeral in Belfast, North Ireland. On Mar. 20 8-y.-o. DeAndra Anrig finds herself airborne when the string of her kite is snagged by an airplane flying over Shoreline Park in Mountain View, Calif.; she is lifted 10 ft. off the ground and carried 100 ft., but is not seriously hurt - and now it's a sport? On Mar. 22 both houses of Congress override Pres. Reagan's veto of the U.s. Civil Rights Restoration Act, which restores the jurisdiction over Title IX issues in athletic programs to the Office for Civil Rights. On Mar. 22 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Boos v. Barry that a Washington, D.C. law prohibiting signs bringing a foreign govt. into "public odium or disrepute" within 500 ft. of a foreign embassy is unconstitutional, but police may keep crowds from congregating at that distance. On Mar. 23 Pres. Reagan announces from the Rose Garden that he will visit the "evil empire" for the first time on May 29-June 2 for his 4th summit meeting with Gorby - glasnost is working? On Mar. 25 New York City's sensational Preppy Murder Case sees Robert Emmet Chambers Jr. (1966-) plead guilty to first-degree manslaughter in the Aug. 26, 1986 death of 18-y.-o. cyclist Jennifer Levin in New York's Central Park; he receives a sentence of 5-15 years in priz dodging flying jizz after his story that she raped him and he had to kill her to stop is scraped off the courtroom wall. On Mar. 26 Jesse Jackson stuns fellow Dems. by soundly defeating Michael S. Dukakis in Michigan's Dem. pres. caucuses; on Mar. 27 Jackson vows that his campaign will continue to "win and grow". On Mar. 28 Richard Gephardt leaves the Dem. pres. race following a 3rd-place finish in the Mich. caucuses. On Mar. 29 two top Justice Dept. officials resign over Atty. Gen. Edwin Meese's legal problems. On Mar. 29 Bob Dole ends his pres. candidacy; Michael Dukakis wins the Conn. Dem. primary. On Mar. 29 leaders of the Assemblies of God order televangelist Rev. Jimmy Swaggart to stop preaching for at least a year because of "moral failure" with his thing for sleazy hos; on Mar. 30 his atty. says that he will defy church officials and swagger back to the pulpit, and on Apr. 8 they defrock him. On Mar. 29-31 Israel blockades the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, with PM Yitzhak Shamir uttering the soundbyte about Arabs: "We say to them from the heights of this mountain and from the perspective of thousands of years of history that they are like grasshoppers compared to us" - is that like keeping up with the Joneses? In the spring Soviet germ scientists transfer hundreds of tons of anthrax bacteria into canisters with bleach and send them for storage to Vorrozhdeniye (Renaissance) Island in the Aral Sea, which is shared by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. In Mar. the first Yankee McDonald's hamburger restaurant behind the Iron Curtain opens in Belgrade, featuring the McCountry, a domestic pork burger with paprika, and producing ads showing the golden arches topped by a traditional Serbian sajkaca cap - now Communism is really doomed? On Apr. 2 U.S. secy. of state George P. Shultz briefs Pope John Paul II on his Middle East peace proposals during a private audience at the Vatican; on Apr. 3 Shultz arrives in Israel to launch a fresh U.S. peace initiative, telling the Israelis that the Palestinians must be incl. in negotiations - dooming it from the start? On Apr. 5 Bush and Dukakis win solid V in the Wisc. primaries. On Apr. 5 Lebanese Shiite gunmen force Kuwait Airways Flight 422 (111 passengers and crew, incl. three members of the Kuwaiti royal family) en route from Thailand to Kuwait to land in Lanarca Internat. Airport in Mashhad, Iran, demanding release of 17 fellow guerrillas held in Kuwait, then in Cyprus, where two Kuwaiti hostages are executed; on Apr. 13 it takes off for Algeria after 12 hostages are freed; on Apr. 20 they are allowed safe passage from Algeria after releasing the remaining 31 hostages, but the imprisoned guerrillas known as the Kuwait 17 are not released, but escape during the mass jailbreak during the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. On Apr. 10 an overcrowded bus blows a front tire and plunges into an irrigation canal near Mueang Chainat, Thailand, killing 42 and injuring 11. On Apr. 10 an explosion at an ammo depot at Camp Odzhhiri between Islamabad and Rawalpindi in Pakistan kills 1K-1.3K; the Soviets did it? On Apr. 11 the 60th Academy Awards, presented at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, Calif. and hosted by Chevy Chase (2nd straight year) awards the best picture Oscar for 1987 to Columbia Pictures' The Last Emperor, along with best dir. to Bernardo Bertolucci; best actor goes to Michael Douglas for Wall Street, best actress to Cher, and best supporting actress to Olympia Dukakis for Moonstruck, and best supporting actor to Sean Connery for The Untouchables (first Scottish actor to win an acting Oscar). On Apr. 14 the Geneva Accords, a U.N.-mediated agreement is signed by Pakistan and Afghanistan, with the U.S. and Soviet Union as guarantors, pledging that Afghanistan will become a nonaligned country, and providing for the withdrawal of all Soviet troops from Afghanistan by Feb. 15, 1989; the mujahadin rebels reject the pact and continue fighting with the U.S.-backed guerrillas. On Apr. 15 former White House spokesman Larry Speakes resigns from Merrill Lynch and Co. less than a week after disclosing that he had on two occasions fabricated quotations attributed to Pres. Reagan. On Apr. 16 the PLO accuses Israel of assassinating Khalil al-Wazir, a top PLO military figure in Tunisia. On Apr. 17 the U.S. Supreme Court by ?-? prohibits the religious use of peyote in Employment Division v. Smith - a classic higgy-baby decision? On Apr. 18 after Iran mines the Persian Gulf and USS Samuel B. Roberts is hit on Apr. 14, the U.S. stages Operation Praying Mantis, setting Iranian oil platforms on fire and destroying six Iranian warships, effectively destroying its navy. On Apr. 18 an Israeli court convicts John Demjanjuk of committing war crimes at the Treblinka death camp, and on Apr. 25 sentences him to death amid cheering spectators; Israel's supreme court later overturns the conviction. On Apr. 19 Bush and Dukakis handily win the N.Y. pres. primaries. On Apr. 21 Dem. Tenn. Sen. Al Gore gives up his bid for the Dem. pres. nomination, assuring supporters that "there will be other days for me and for the causes that matter to us." On Apr. 21 "Chemical" Ali Hassan Majid orders people caught in Kurdish areas in N Iraq "to be destroyed... have their heads shot off". On Apr. 22 U.S. state secy. George P. Shultz visits the Soviet Union and meets with Pres. Gorbachev, who reportedly criticizes the Reagan admin. for its "confrontational" approach to U.S.-Soviet relations. On Apr. 23 a federal ban on smoking during domestic airline flights of two hours or less goes into effect. On Apr. 24 three sailors are killed and 22 injured when fire breaks out aboard the submarine USS Bonefish off the Fla. coast, causing it to be abandoned. On Apr. 24-May 8 Socialist Francois Mitterrand wins a 2nd 7-year term as French pres. by a landslide over conservative challenger Jacques Chirac; on May 9 Mitterrand names Socialist Michel Rocard (1930-) to succeed Chirac as French PM #160 (until May 15, 1991) - anything to piss off them passport-toting Ugly Americans? On Apr. 26 Bush locks up the Repub. pres. nomination with an easy win in Penn.; Dukakis sews up the Dem. nomination. On Apr. 27 the U.S. Senate approves a sweeping trade bill by 63-36, falling short of the two-thirds vote needed to override a threatened veto by Pres. Reagan. On Apr. 27 the drama series China Beach debuts on ABC-TV for 62 episodes (until July 22, 1991), about an evacuation hospital in My Khe Beach in Da Nana, Vietnam during the Vietnam War through the eyes of nurses and civilians, starring Dana Welles Delany (1956-) as 1st Lt. Colleen McMurphy; too bad, despite good reviews it drags the bottom of the ratings until it is canceled. On Apr. 28 a flight attendant is killed and 61 persons injured on Flight 243 when part of the roof of an Aloha Airlines Boeing 737 peels back during a flight from Hilo to Honolulu. On Apr. 29-30 the Washington for Jesus demonstrations by 200K Christian right believers in Washington, D.C. are led by Pat Robertson, Jerry Falwell, William Bright, and Benson Idahosa, featuring a videotape address by Pres. Ronald Reagan, who announces plans to make the following Thur. a Nat. Day of Prayer, turning conservative Christians on to political activism and unifying their stances against homosexuality, abortion, teen pregnancy, drug abuse, divorce, and women's liberation, increasing support for Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush; another rally is held in pouring rain in 1996, attended by 75K. On Apr. 29 McDonald's announces that it will open its first restaurants in Moscow - Lenin rolls over in his tomb? On Apr. 30 Gen. Manuel Noriega, waving a machete, vows at a rally to keep fighting U.S. efforts to oust him as Panama's military ruler. In Apr. Microsoft surpasses Lotus to become the #1 computer software vendor - in sales, not quality? In Apr. 1988 Zhu Rongji (1928-) becomes mayor of Shanghai, China (until 1991), going on to fight corruption and streamline the govt. process of approving business deals, earning him the nickname "One-Chop Zhu", overseeing the development of Special Economic Zone Pudong. In Apr. Albie Sachs (b. 1935) is working in Mozambique on legal guarantees to be put in the new South African Constitution when a car bomb explodes, taking off his right arm - so that he would lean to the left? In Apr.-May wildcat strikes are staged in Poland, leading to round table talks between Lech Walesa and the govt. next Feb.; on Aug. 23 striking workers end a walkout that had begun a week earlier, but 125 miners barricade themselves in an underground shaft, vowing to stay until they win all their demands. On May 1 Newsweek mag. reports that, according to a memoir by former White House chief of staff Donald Regan, astrologers had influenced the planning of Pres. Reagan's schedule; on May 3 the White House acknowledges that First Lady Nancy Reagan had used astrological advice to help schedule her husband's activities; Regan is fired after he hangs up on Nancy? On May 4 as a year-long amnesty program for certain illegal aliens in the U.S. comes to a close, thousands of applicants line up nationwide on the last day. On May 4 three French hostages are released in Beirut by pro-Iranian kidnappers. On May 5 Pres. Reagan makes a statement in Chicago during a Q&A session that, "I've often wondered, what if all of us in the world discovered that we were threatened by a power from outer space, from another planet?" On May 5 Eugene Antonio Marino (1934-2000) becomes the first African-Am. Roman Catholic archbishop in the U.S. during an installation Mass in the Atlanta Civic Center in Ga.; he resigns in July 1990 after having an affair with Columbus resident Vicki Long. On May 9 U.S. education secy. William J. Bennett announces that he will leave his position in mid-Sept. On May 10 in Poland an 8-day strike by workers at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk ends without an agreement. On May 11 master spy Harold "Kim" Philby (b. 1912), the notorious "Third Man" of a British espionage ring dies in exile in the good ole U.S.S.R. at the ripe old age of 76. On May 11 fans of Irving Berlin (1888-1989) pay tribute on his 100th birthday with celebrations that incl. a gala at New York City's 2,804-seat Carnegie Hall at 57th St. and 7th Ave. On May 12 U.S. secy. of state George P. Shultz and Soviet foreign minister Eduard Shevardnadze meet in Geneva and resolve nearly all remaining questions on an intermediate-range missile treaty. On May 12 an overcrowded bus loses its brakes near Mt. Frere near Cathcart, South Africa, killing 31 and injuring 37. On May 12 Israeli soldiers open fire on a peaceful Muslim march at the Haram of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, wounding 100. On May 13 the U.S. Senate votes 83-6 to order the U.S. military to enter the war against illegal drug trafficking, approving a plan to give the Navy the power to stop drug boats on the high seas and make arrests - Tom Clancy sleeps good at night? On May 14 the Carrollton Bus Disaster sees 27 of 67 passengers killed, most of them teenagers after their church bus collides with a pickup truck going the wrong way on a highway near Carrollton, Ky.; truck driver Larry Mahoney is convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 16 years. On May 15 the Soviet Union begins withdrawing its troops from Afghanistan 8.5 years after Soviet forces had come looking to kick mujahidin butt (ends Feb. 15); on May 18 a cheering crowd in the Soviet town of Termez greets the first returning Soviet soldiers. On May 16 U.S. surgeon gen. C. Everett Koop releases a Report on Smoking declaring that nicotine is addictive in ways similar to heroin and cocaine. On May 16 the U.S. Supreme Court rules that police can search discarded garbage without a search warrant - and eat it too? On May 16 Yugoslavia begins wage controls after the IMF grants them $30M in credits and reschedules over $21B in loans. On May 17 the U.S. Commerce Dept. reports that a record level of export sales gave the U.S. its lowest monthly trade deficit in three years in Mar., totaling $9.7B. On May 19 Carlos Enrique Lehder Rivas (1950-), billionaire co-founder of Colombia's Medellin drug cartel is convicted in Jacksonville, Fla. of smuggling more than three tons of cocaine into the U.S.; his life-plus-135-year sentence is reduced in 1992 to 55 years in exchange for his testimony against Gen. Manuel Noriega. On May 20 30-y.-o. Laurie Dann walks into a Winnetka, Ill., elementary school classroom and shoots to death 8-y.-o. Nicholas Corwin, wounding several other children; she then goes home, wounds another young man, and kills herself. On May 21 Soviet news agency Tass reports that the Communist Party leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan had been dismissed after fresh outbreaks of ethnic tensions. On May 23 less than a week before a scheduled superpower summit in Moscow, U.S. state secy. George Shultz goes to Capitol Hill to ask for a prompt Senate vote to ratify the intermediate-range nuclear missile treaty. On May 24 Pres. Reagan vetoes legislation that would have strengthened the nation's ability to defend itself and its industries against trading practices of other nations that were deemed unfair. On May 24 George H.W. Bush and Michael Dukakis win the Idaho pres. primaries. On May 25 Pres. Reagan leaves for a U.S.-Soviet Summit in Moscow; on May 27 the U.S. Senate votes 93-5 to ratify a treaty eliminating medium-range nuclear missiles; on May 28 Soviet TV airs a 34-min. interview with Reagan in which he pledges to make human rights "agenda item number one"; on May 29-June 2 Pres. Reagan visits the Soviet Union; on June 3 he returns home after a stopover in London - country bumpkin goes to the big city, or vice-versa? On May 26 the U.S. govt. announces a Pilot Visa Waiver Program, allowing the answering of certain questions in lieu of a 90-day visa, incl. one about being "connected with the persecution of others in association with the Nazi government". On May 29 in Pakistan Pres. Mohammed Zia ul-Haq dismisses PM (since Mar. 24, 1985) Mohammed Khan Junejo (1932-93) on charges of incompetence, and orders a new election in 90 days. In May the Tartu Pop Music Festival in unleashes an independence movement in Estonia. In May the Yellowstine Fires of 1988 see fires ignited by lightning in Yellowstone Nat. Park become the largest single fire in the U.S. since the Peshtigo fire of 1871, lasting until Sept.; a giant drought/heat wave in E and C U.S. over the summer causes an estimated 5K-10K deaths and damages of $40B. On June 1 a train crash in Zeeland, Netherlands kills two. On June 2 Consumer Reports calls for a ban on the popular Suzuki Samurai sport utility vehicle (SUV) for its tendency to roll over in sudden turns; Suzuki Motor Corp. (U.S.) defends the vehicle as safe. On June 4 U.S. secy. of state George Shultz flies to Jordan where he meets with King Hussein. On June 6 Morton Thiokol, Inc., which built the defective booster rocket involved in the 1986 Challenger explosion announces that it will not bid to build the next generation of defective Space Shuttle rocket motors. On June 7 Michael Dukakis clinches the Dem. pres. nomination by defeating Jesse Jackson in the N.J., Calif., Mont., and N.M. primaries. On June 7 the Soviets launch the Soyuz TM-5 spacecraft, carrying three cosmonauts; on Aug. 29 the Soyuz TM-6 spacecraft is launched, carrying cosmonauts Vladimir Lyakhov, Abdul Ahad Mohmand (1959-) (first Afghan in space), and Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov (1942-); on Sept. 6 a 25-hour drama begins as technical problems keeps the 2-man crew of Vladimir Lyahkhov and Abdul Mohmand from returning to Earth aboard the Soyuz TM-5; they land safely on Sept. 7; on Nov. 26 Soyuz TM-7 blasts off, carrying Alexander Volkov, Sergei Krikalyov, and Jean-Loup Jacques Marie Chretien (Chrétien) (1938-); on Dec. 21 Soyuz TM-6 returns with Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov, and Jean-Loup Chretien. On June 8 the judge in the Iran-Contra conspiracy case rules that Oliver North, John Poindexter, Richard Secord, and Albert Hakim must be tried separately. On June 9 the House Ethics Committee meets in closed session to discuss whether to formally investigate charges that the financial dealings of Dem. Speaker #59 (since Jan. 6, 1987) James Claude "Jim" Wright Jr. (1922-2015) may have violated House rules; on June 10 they announce a unanimous vote to do it. On June 9 Bangladesh passes the 8th Amendment to its constitution, making Islam the state religion. On June 10-11 the Tallinn Song Festival in Estonia sparks the Singing Rev. in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (ends 1991). On June 12 in runoff elections in France, Pres. Francois Mitterrand's Socialist Party falls short of a majority in the Nat. Assembly, and a right wing coalition also fails to retain its legislative control. On June 13 a federal jury finds cigarette manufacturer Liggett Group liable in the lung cancer death of N.J. resident Rose Cipollone, but innocent of misrepresenting the risks of smoking; an appeals court later overturns the jury's award of $400K and orders a new trial; the family drops the lawsuit in 1992. On June 14 Howard H. Baker Jr. makes a surprise announcement that he is resigning as Pres. Reagan's White House chief of staff on July 1 because of "personal circumstances" - open wide or bend over? On June 14 prominent journalist and gun control advocate Carl Thomas Rowan (1925-2000), known for the 1981 soundbyte: "A law that says anyone found in possession of a handgun except a legitimate officer of the law goes to jail, period" uses an unregistered .22 pistol to shoot teenie trespasser Neil Smith for using his Washington, D.C. swimming pool, after which he lies that it was registered, then flops and claims it belongs to his FBI agent son; after a jury becomes deadlocks, the judge declares a mistrial. On June 15 Hong Kong announces a crackdown on boat people, saying newly arriving Vietnamese refugees will be incarcerated and returned to Vietnam if they can't prove that they had fled religious or political persecution. On June 16 Ariz. Gov. Evan Mecham and his brother Willard Mecham are found innocent by a Phoenix jury of concealing a $350K campaign loan. On June 18 George Bush launches an ad attack against Michael Dukakis, accusing him of coddling criminals by allowing some convicts out of prison on weekend furloughs. On June 19-21 leaders of the world's seven biggest industrial democracies hold the 14th G-7 Economic Summit in Toronto, Canada, with host Canadian PM Brian Mulroney forecasting progress on dismantling farm subsidies and alleviating Third World debt. On June 20 the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upholds a New York City law making it illegal for private clubs to generally exclude women and minorities. On June 22 Hungary begins to thaw as Janos Kadar, installed by the Soviet Union as first secy. of Hungary's Communist Party in 1956 is replaced by PM Karoly Grosz, who is replaced on Nov. 23 by Miklos Nemeth (1948-) (until May 23, 1990), who introduces privatization; Imre Pozsgay (1933-), leader of the Patriotic People's Front, and Rezso Nyers (1923-), who engineered the 1968 economic liberalization and was ousted in 1975 return to the Politburo. On June 22 gay rights activist T/Sgt. Leonard Matlovich (b. 1934), recipient of a purple heart and bronze star who was discharged from the USAF and excommunicated from the Mormon Church because of his homosexuality, appeared on the cover of Time mag. in 1975 and became the most famous gay man in the U.S. gives his cause a black eye when he dies of AIDS at age 54 - judged by God too? On June 23 Pope John Paul II begins his 2nd papal visit to Austria, where he meets with Pres. Kurt Waldheim despite controversy over the latter's alleged involvement in Nazi war crimes; on June 24 the pope condemns Nazism during a stopover at the Mauthausen death camp. On June 23 after the first Goddard Inst. for Space Studies (GISS) Global Temperature Analysis is pub. in 1981, and his mentor S. Ichtiaque Rasool (1930-2016) announces a new NASA CO2 research program, with the soundbyte: "No respectable scientist would say that you already have a signal", and foreign diplomats and environmental activists get U.S. Sen. (D-Colo.) (1987-93) Timothy Endicott "Tim" Wirth (1939-) to call it, profusely sweating top NASA Goddard climate scientist James Edward Hansen (1941-) addresses a U.S. Senate subcommitee chaired by U.S. Sen. (D-Tenn.) (1985-93) Albert Arnold "Al" Gore Jr. (1948-) in a hearing on a particularly hot day with malfunctioning air conditioning (after he and Wirth sabotaged it, with Wirth telling PBS-TV's "Frontline": "We called the Weather Bureau and found out what historically was the hottest day of the summer... so we scheduled the hearing that day, and bingo, it was the hottest day in Washington, or close to it... We went in at the night before and opened all the windows so that the air conditioning wasn't working inside the room"), uttering the soundbyte that "with 99% confidence" CO2-driven global warming has already arrived, claiming a 0.5C-0.7C global warming in the past cent., with the four warmest years all in the 1980s, and the two warmest in 1981 and 1987, making him 99% sure that the Earth is the warmest since instrumental data began to be collected in 1980, that there is a clear cause-effect relationship with the Greenhouse Effect, and that global warming is steadily increasing the likelihood of freak weather incl. superstorms, concluding: "Finally, I would like to stress that there is a need for improving these global climate models, and there is a need for global observations if we're going to obtain a full understanding of these phenomena", becoming "the opening salvo of the age of climate change", supercharging the One World Govt. (OWG) types and letting them loose like a roving lion to create a new money-hungry OWG religion complete with priests, bishops, and a pope (Al Gore)?, and CO2 as their Devil?; outside the hearing room Hansen declares "The greenhouse effect is here"; in 1999 the GISS study is updated, reporting 1998 as the warmest year on record despite slight cooling in the E U.S. and W Atlantic, mainly due to the El Nino; Hansen says that coal-fired power plants with no CO2 (carbon) capture technology should be eliminated in the U.S. by 2025, and the rest of the world by 2030; this despite the problem that carbon capture takes 3x-5x as much energy as can be gained by burning the fuel, which ultimately must come from burning fossil fuels, creating more CO2?; Hansen's runaway climate predictions focus the spotlight on the Petroleum (fossil fuel) industry and its Fossil fuels lobby, turning its great benefit to humanity into something sinister, based on pie-in-the-sky future gloom and doom predictions treated as sure things, targeting it with fossil fuel divestment, causing opponents of global warming to counter with global warming conspiracy theory; in the next seven years the budget for CO2-AGW climate research zooms from $200M to $4B?; too bad, after his runaway climate predictions fall flat, and he insists on keeping his job, on Aug. 29, 2000 Hansen et al. pub. the paper Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario, admitting that the net global warming observed so far is likely due to non-CO2 gases and black carbon, because CO2 is offset by climate-cooling aerosols emitted via fossil fuel burning. On June 24 the article Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate by Philip Shabecoff is pub. in the New York Times, containing the soundbyte: "Until now, scientists have been cautious about attributing rising global temperatures of recent years to the predicted global warming caused by pollutants in the atmosphere, known as the 'greenhouse effect.' But today Dr. James E. Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration told a Congressional committee that it was 99 percent certain that the warming trend was not a natural variation but was caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other artificial gases in the atmosphere. Dr. Hansen, a leading expert on climate change, said in an interview that there was no 'magic number' that showed when the greenhouse effect was actually starting to cause changes in climate and weather. But he added, 'It is time to stop waffling so much and say that the evidence is pretty strong that the greenhouse effect is here.'" On June 26 (Sun.) three are killed when a new Airbus A-320 carrying 130+ crashes into a forest during the Habsheim Air Show demonstration flight in Alsace, France; the flight data recorder was later switched? On June 27 57 people are killed when the Gare de Lyon train collides with a stationary train in Paris. On June 28 the U.S. govt. files a civil RICO suit against the Internat. Brotherhood of Teamsters to force reforms on the nation's largest labor union; they reach a settlement in Mar. 1989 where the Teamsters agree to let the govt. supervise their 1991 election. On June 29 the U.S. Supreme Court upholds the power of independent counsels to prosecute illegal acts by high-ranking govt. officials, ruling that the 1978 special prosecutor law does not violate the Constitution; the independent counsel statute expires on June 30, 1999. On June 30 ultraconservative traditionalist anti-Vatican II Roman Catholic Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrates four bishops in defiance of papal authority; on July 1 Pope John Paul III excommunicates all five for causing a schism. On June 30 there is a surprising display of glasnost during a Soviet Communist Party conference as delegate Vladimir I. Melnikov bluntly criticizes Pres. Andrei A. Gromyko and other longtime Kremlin figures. On June 30 Canada releases 80M Loonies gold-colored dollar coins showinng a common loon on the reverse and Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse. In June Roh Tae-woo of South Korea proposes a new relationship with North Korea, offering reunion talks - just don't trash my truck? In summer 1988 the Summer 1988 U.S. Heat Wave sees a drought reminiscent of the Dust Bowl years, killing 5K-17K; Yellowstone burns, and the Mississippi River nearly dries up; too bad, the U.S. Nat. Climate Assessment erases it from their graph of the 20th-21st cent. to make it seem like global warming is happening? On July 3 the U.S. Navy warship USS Vincennes shoots down Iran Air Flight 655 in the Persian Gulf accidentally on purpose, killing all 290 aboard, incl. 66 children; on July 8 Iran's parliamentary speaker Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (1934-2017) says that Iran won't seek revenge against the U.S. - oops? On July 5 U.S. atty.-gen. Edwin Meese III announces his resignation, saying he had been vindicated by an independent prosecutor's 14-mo. probe into his official conduct - or at least not caught? On July 6 medical waste and other debris begins washing up on seashores near New York City, forcing the closing of several popular beaches. On July 6 the Piper Alpha drilling platform in the North Sea catches fire, killing 167 workers. On July 6-13 Harvard-trained economist Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1948-) of the PRI is elected pres. #33 of Mexico with a convenient 50.1% of the vote; opponents claim he stole the election from ex-PRI official Cuauhtemoc Cardenas Solorzano (Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano) (1934-), of the center-left Nat. Dem. Front (FDN), who next May 5 founds the Party of the Dem. Rev.; Salinas is sworn-in on Dec. 1 (until Nov. 30, 1994), going on to embark on a privatization program for Mexico's 600 state-owned industries and liberalize trade, causing the growth of maquiladoras (foreign-owned sweatshop plants) in N Mexico paying low wages, which by the end of the decade employ 500K mostly female workers in 1.7K firms; on July 10 opposition party activists block a bridge linking Mexico to the U.S., charging that the election with widespread fraud. On July 7 the Soviet Phobos 1 space vehicle is launched, followed by Phobos 2 on July 12; too bad, a software error causes Phobos 1 to lose power on Sept. 2, 1988, and Phobos 2 loses contact after Jan. 29, 1989 as it approaches the surface of Phobos, causing UFO nuts to speculate. On July 11 nine people are killed and 98 wounded when three gunmen attack hundreds of tourists aboard the Greek cruise ship City of Poros; Abu Nidal is suspected. On July 12 Dem. pres. candidate Michael S. Dukakis picks Tex. Sen. Lloyd M. Bentsen (an atty. and WWII Air Force officer) as his running mate. On July 9 Jackie Presser (b. 1926), and on July 15 the Teamsters choose William J. McCarthy (1919-79) to fill-out his remaining term, narrowly rejecting secy.-teasurer Weldon Mathis, Presser's hand-picked successor. On July 18 a bus swerves to avoid some cows, crosses to the wrong side of the road and hits a bus in the rear near Cornelio Procopio, Parana, Brazil, killing 39. On July 18-21 the 1988 Dem. Nat. Convention in Atlanta, Ga. chooses Mass. Gov. Michael Stanley Dukakis (1933-) (du Cock Kisser?) and running mate Lloyd Millard Bentsen (1921-2006) of Tex.; Arab-Ams., encouraged by Jesse Jackson's candidacy participate in a major way for the first time; on July 18 Tex. treasurer (later 1-term gov.) Ann Richards (1933-2006) delivers the keynote address, with the soundbytes: "Poor George, he can't help it, he was born with a silver foot in his mouth", and "Ginger Rogers did everything that Fred Astaire did, she just did it in high heels and going backwards"; on July 21 Dukakis gives his acceptance speech, with the soundbyte "Yes, my friends, it's time for wonderful new beginnings... A new administration. A new era of greatness for America." On July 23 in his weekly radio address Pres. Reagan responds to the Dem. Nat. Convention by accusing Dems. of "singing the same sad song they sang four years ago"; Brat Pack actor Rob Lowe (1964-) becomes infamous when a videotaped encounter with two women (one a minor) in a convention hotel room showing how lowe he can go surfaces? On July 20 Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini accepts a truce with Iraq, negotiated by U.N. secy.-gen. Javier Perez de Cuellar, saying that the decision was like drinking poison; on July 22 Iran and Iraq announce that they will send their foreign ministers to New York City to meet with de Cuellar. On July 23 Gen. Ne Win steps down as chmn. of the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP), but continues to wield influence; U Nu announces a provisional govt.; on Aug. 8 a mass uprising for democracy is ruthlessly crushed by the military; the Nat. League for Democracy, led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi (b. 1945) is formed on Sept. 24. On July 24 on the campaign trail George Bush hears chants of "E-R-A" from members of a prof. women's group in Albuquerque, N.M., while Michael Dukakis is heckled by anti-abortion protesters in St. Louis, Mo. On July 26 U.N. secy.-gen. Javier Perez de Cuellar meets twice with Iran's foreign minister in the first formal talks about a ceasefire for the 8-year war between Iran and Iraq; on July 27 he holds separate talks with the foreign ministers of Iraq and Iran. On July 28 both houses of Congress overwhelmingly approve $6B in aid for drought-stricken farmers. On July 29 NASA officials delay a critical test-firing of the Space Shuttle Discovery's main engines another three days; the test on Aug. 10 is a success. On July 30 Jordanian King Hussein I dissolves the lower house of parliament, half of whose 60 members are from the Israeli-occupied West Bank; on July 31 in a televised speech Hussein calls for an independent Palestinian state in the Israeli-occupied territories and urges the Palestinians to take affairs into their own hands, giving them no choice by disenfranchising and cutting all ties with all Arabs living on the West Bank - no mention of a Palestinian state in Jordan? In July Capt. Hershel Clay Lacy (1932-) takes off on a round-the-world flight from Boeing Field in Seattle in Friendship One (Boeing 747SP) and returns in a record 36 hours, 54 min., 15 sec. at an avg. of 623 mph; Apollo 11 cmdr. Neil Armstrong is a guest of honor; the flight raises $530K for children's charities. On Aug. 1 Iran says it will honor an immediate ceasefire in its 8-y.-o. war with Iraq; on Aug. 6 Iraq's pres. says his country will agree to a ceasefire with Iran, provided the Iranians promise to hold direct talks immediately after the truce takes effect; on Aug. 7 Iranian foreign minister #9 (1981-97) Ali Akbar Velayati (1945-) signals his govt.'s acceptance of Iraq's modified peace proposal; on Aug. 8 U.N. secy.-gen. Javier Perez de Cuellar announces a U.N.-mandated ceasefire, and the Iran-Iraq War ends (begun Sept. 1980); estimates of the number killed incl. 700K for Iraq and 500K-1M for Iran, not incl. Iraqi attacks on Kurdish villages; at the end of the war Iran executes thousands of Iranian POWs, which Grand Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazero later calls "the biggest crime in the history of the Islamic Republic". On Aug. 2 despite threats of a veto, Pres. Reagan promises reluctantly to allow a plant-closing notification bill to become law, accusing Dems. of "political shenanigans". On Aug. 3 the Soviet Union releases Mathias Rust, the West German who landed a small plane in Moscow's Red Square in May 1987, making doo-doo of the vaunted Soviet air defenses. On Aug. 5 U.S. treasury secy. James A. Baker III announces that he is resigning to take over the pres. election campaign of George Bush; former U.S. Sen. (R-N.J.) (1982) Nicholas Frederick Brady (1930-) (not to be confused with shell-shocked James Brady) is nominated to take Baker's place, taking office on Sept. 15 (until 1993). On Aug. 8-13 police in Burma kill nearly 3K. On Aug. 9 Pres. Reagan nominates Lauro Fred Cavazos Jr. (1927-) to be U.S. education secy. #4 (until Dec. 1990), becoming the first Hispanic to serve in the cabinet. On Aug. 9 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 619, creating the U.N. Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group, led by Bangladeshi Brig. Gen. Anam Khan to monitor the ceasefire. On Aug. 10 Pres. Reagan signs the U.S. Civil Liberties Act, providing $20K payments to Japanese-Americans interned by the U.S. govt. during World War II. On Aug. 11 the U.S. Senate confirms former Repub. Penn. gov. (1979-87) Richard Lewis "Dick" Thornburgh (1932-) to succeed Edwin Meese III as atty.-gen. #76 by a 5-0 vote, and he is sworn-in on Aug. 15 (until Aug. 15, 1991). On Aug. 13 George H.W. Bush contemplates a list of potential running mates as Repubs. gather in New Orleans, La. for the 1988 Repub. Nat. Convention, held on Aug. 15-18; on Aug. 18 Bush picks Ind. Sen. (since Jan. 3, 1977) James Danforth "Dan" Quayle (1947-) as his running mate, and gives his acceptance speech, with the soundbytes: "And this has been called the American Century, because in it we were the dominant force for good in the world. We saved Europe, cured polio, we went to the Moon, and lit the world with our culture. And now we are on the verge of a new century, and what country's name will it bear? I say it will be another American century", and "Read my lips: no new taxes"; Quayle's service record in the Ind. Nat. Guard during the Vietnam War is immediately called into question; the 1988 Repub. Party Platform promises "no new taxes". On Aug. 12 two buses collide on a highway between Tehran and Tabriz in N Iran, killing 30 and injuring 50. On Aug. 15 Pope Paul II delivers the apostolic letter Mulieris Dignitatem (on the dignity of women), apologizing in the name of the Church to women for blaming only Eve for Original Sin. On Aug. 15 a bus crashes in a tunnel 60 mi. from Bergen, Norway, killing 12 and injuring 19. On Aug. 17 Pakistani pres. #6 (since Sept. 16, 1978) Gen. Mohammad Zia ul-Haq (b. 1924) and U.S. ambassador Arnold Raphel are killed in a mysterious crash of their C-130 plane near Bahawalpur; the KGB and/or CIA did it by planting a bomb in a case of mangoes?; Zia was responsible for the overthrow and death of ex-PM Bhutto, whose daughter Benazir Bhutto now runs for PM against a coalition of Zia allies. On Aug. 20 eight British soldiers are killed by an IRA land mine that destroys a military bus near Omagh, County Tyrone in Northern Ireland. On Aug. 20 the Monsters of Rock Festival at Castle Donington in Leicestershire, England sees the crowd of 107K mob Guns N' Roses, causing two fans to be trampled to death, gaining the band the title of "world's most dangerous band". On Aug. 21 the 6.6 double 1988 Bihar Earthquake on the Nepal-India border kills 722 in Nepal and 282 in India (1,004 total), and injuring 16K, cracking 50K bldgs. On Aug. 23 a Hungarian tour bus hits a truck in Schwadorf, Austria (near Vienna), killing 14 and injuring 11. On Aug. 24 Michael Dukakis picks up the endorsement of the AFL-CIO while George Bush campaigns in Calif. with Pres. Reagan. On Aug. 25 in his sharpest attack yet on the Reagan admin.'s drug policies, Michael Dukakis criticizes U.S. dealings with Panama's military leader Gen. Noriega as "criminal"; on Aug. 26 Bush calls his criticism "an insult". On Aug. 27 tens of thousands of civil rights marchers gather in Washington, D.C. on the eve of the 25th anniv. of Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech. On Aug. 28 three Italian stunt planes collide during an air show at the U.S. Air Base in Ramstein, West Germany, sending flaming debris into the crowd of spectators and killing 40. On Aug. 28 the Yan Hee Polyclinic in Bangkok, Thailand reports on a new slimming technique, sticking lettuce seeds in one's ears and pressing them in 10x before meals. On Aug. 30 top aides to George Bush and Michael Dukakis meet in Washington, D.C. without reaching agreement on a schedule for debates in the fall. On Aug. 31 Delta Flight 1141 (Boeing 727) en route to Salt Lake City crashes during takeoff from Dallas-Ft. Worth Airport, killing 14 and injuring 26. On Aug. 31 Chinese CAAC Flight 301 (Hawker Siddeley Trident 2E) undershoots its landing in Hong Kong, China, killing seven of 78 passengers and 11 crew. On Aug. 31 in South Africa Khotso House, the Johannesburg HQ of the South African Council of Churches is bombed, injuring 21; it is later revealed to have been ordered by Pres. P.W. Botha. On Aug. 31-Sept. 4 a 4.5-day power blackout of downtown Seattle, Wash. occurs - another bug in Windows? In Aug. in Calif. an FBI phony shrimp processing plant sting operation ends in the state capital of Sacramento with three legislative aides later convicted - Bubba's Shrimp? In Aug. 20K Hutu are slaughtered in Burundi, causing pres. Pierre Buyoya to undertake reforms. In Aug. summer heat causes poor crops in the U.S., while Argentina basks in soaring soybean prices? On Sept. 2 Michael Dukakis welcomes back former top aide John Sasso to his pres. campaign nearly a year after he resigned over his role in torpedoing the campaign of Dem. Sen. Joseph Biden - why be avg. when you can excel? On Sept. 4 officials in Bangladesh report that floods have inundated 75% of their impoverished nation of 100M, killing at least 882. On Sept. 5 Iranian PM Mir Hossein Mousavi resigns in protest against pres. Ali Khamenei's interference in his duties, with the soundbyte that the "government's authority on foreign policy was taken away... Operations outside the country are taking place without the government's knowledge or orders... Only after an airplane is hijacked are we made aware of it. Only after a machine gun opens fire in one of Lebanon's streets and its noise echoes everywhere do we find out. Only after [Saudi police] find explosive material in Iranian pilgrims' baggage am I informed." On Sept. 6 Lee Roy Young Jr. becomes the first black Texas Ranger in the force's 165-year history. On Sept. 8 two nuclear-missile rocket motors are destroyed at an army ammunition plant in Karnack, Tex., becoming the first U.S. weapons to be eliminated under the arms reduction treaty with the Soviet Union. On Sept. 10 Gretchen Elizabeth Carlson (1966-) of Minn. is crowned Miss America after playing Sarasate's violin composition "Zigeunerweisen". On Sept. 8-19 Category 5 Hurricane Gilbert, "the storm of the century" smashes into the Gulf coast, Jamaica (Sept. 12) (45 dead, $1B damage), the Yucatan Peninsula (Sept. 14), and the Mexican coast (Sept. 16), killing 318 and causing $2.98B damage, becoming the most intense tropical cyclone to strike Mexico (until ?), and deadliest hurricane of 1988. On Sept. 17-Oct. 2 the XXIV (24th) Summer Olympics are held in Seoul, South Korea; North Korea (whose request to co-host the games was refused), Cuba, Ethiopia, and Nicaragua boycott it; 8,391 athletes (incl. 2,194 women) from 160 nations compete in 263 events in 27 sports; bowling, baseball, Taekwondo, and women's judo are demonstration sports; table tennis makes its debut, with China and South Korea both winning two titles; on Sept. 18 the bowling competition sees 24 teams compete; Kwon Jong Yul of South Korea wins the gold medal; tennis returns after a 64-year absence, and Stefanie Maria "Steffi" Graf (1969-) of West Germany defeats Gabriela Sabatini (1970-) in the final; Frederick Carlton "Carl" Lewis (1961-) of the U.S. sets a long jump record of 8.72m; Vladimir Nikolaevich Artemov (1964-) of the Soviet Union wins four golds in gymnastics; Viorica Daniela Silivas (1972-) of Romania wins three golds in gymnastics after equalling Nadia Comaneci's record of seven perfect 10's in one Olympics, becoming the first Olympic gymnast to medal in every single event (until ?); two Bulgarian weightlifters are stripped of their gold medals after failing doping tests, causing the whole team to withdraw; on Sept. 20 Greg Louganis (1960-) of the U.S. wins the gold medal in springboard diving 1 day after injuring his head on the board in the preliminary round; on Sept. 24 Canadian sprinter Benjamin Sinclair "Ben" Johnson (1961-) wins the men's 100m dash with a time of 9.79 sec., but is disqualified three days later for using the anabolic steroid Stanozolol, later claiming that Andre Jackson "the Mystery Man" put it in his food or drink; on Sept. 25 Florence Griffith-Joyner ("Flo-Jo") (1959-1998) wins the women's 100m dash, and finishes with three golds and a silver; Christa Luding-Rothenburger (1959-) of East Germany becomes the first athlete to win medals at the Winter and Summer Olympics in the same year, with a silver in track cycling to go with a gold in speed skating at Calgary; Peter Kipchumba Rono (1967-) defeats favorites Peter Elliott and Steve Cram of Britain to win the 1500m, becoming the youngest Olympic gold medal winner (21 years 62 days); Roy Jones Jr. (1969-) loses the gold in boxing to Park Si-Hun (1965-) of South Korea in a 3-2 decision that raises cries of fixing, after which all three judges ruling against Jones are suspended; in the 2nd round of bantamweight boxing a Korean boxer loses to a Bulgarian, causing the Korean coaches to enter the ring and hit the referee, after which the Korean officials turn off the electricity in the amphitheater and go home; on Sept. 17-30 the 12th Olympic Basketball Tournament at the 1988 Summer Olympics in the Jamsil Gymnasium in Seoul, South Korea sees the Soviet Union men's basketball team incl. Arvydas Sabonis win gold (2nd and last time), Yugoslavia win silver, and the U.S. team incl. Mitch Richmond, Hersey Hawkins, Dan Majerle, Danny Manning, Charles Smith, and David Robinson win bronze; the U.S. women's basketball team incl. Cynthia Cooper repeats their 1984 gold performance, Yugoslavia wins silver, and the Soviet Union wins bronze. On Sept. 20 the 43rd U.N. Gen. Assembly opens. On Sept. 22 George Bush receives the endorsement of the Boston Police Patrolmen's Assoc. in Mass., home state of rival Michael Dukakis. On Sept. 22 Canadian govt. apologizes for the World War II internment of Japanese-Canadians and promises compensation. On Sept. 22 a bus falls into a ravine near Simla, India, killing 35. On Sept. 22-23 Soviet foreign minister Eduard A. Shevardnadze holds talks with U.S. secy. of state George P. Shultz on arms control and human rights in Washington, D.C. On Sept. 24 members of the E Mass. Episcopal diocese elect Barbara C. Harris (1930-) as the first female Anglican bishop in history; she is consecrated in a ceremony in Boston next Feb. 11. On Sept. 25 George Bush and Michael Dukakis clash over deficits, drugs and the Pledge of Allegiance in their First Bush-Dukakis Debate. On Sept. 25 former first brother Billy Carter dies in Plains, Ga. at 51. On Sept. 25 a bus plunges into Bhakra Canal near Jogwala, Punjab, India, killing 67. On Sept. 26 in a farewell speech to the 43rd Session of the U.N. General Assembly, Pres. Reagan claims to see "a moment for hope" for peace in the world, citing a new U.S.-Soviet treaty to sharply reduce nukes during the following year - what about the Chinese and Islamists? On Sept. 28 Pres. Reagan vetoes legislation designed to toughen curbs in textile, apparel and shoe imports, arguing it would have "disastrous effects" on the economy at a time when exports are growing. On Sept. 29 Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off from Cape Canaveral, marking America's return to manned space flight following the Challenger disaster; it returns on Oct. 3. On Sept. 30 Mikhail Gorbachev retires pres. Andrei A. Gromyko from the Politburo and fires other old guard leaders in a Kremlin shakeup; on Oct. 1 Gorbachev is elected chmn. of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet (until May 25, 1990). In Sept. typhoons in Bangladesh cause severe flooding and hundreds of thousands of deaths. My-oh-my? In Sept. in Burma a military junta called the State Law and Order Council (SLORC) takes power under Gen. Saw Maung (1928-97), and proceeds to crack down on protesters and put elected pres. Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest (until 1995); Burma's name is changed to Myanmar; 10K students led by Htun Aung Gyaw of the All Burma Student Dem. Front begin a guerrilla war. In Sept. in Kenya Julie Ward (b. 1960) dies along with her dream of journeying across Africa when she is killed; Maasai Mara Nat. Reserve game warden Simon ole Makallah and one other warden are tried and acquitted - Julia Ward, how? In Sept. the first Springtime Flower Festival is held in Commonwealth Park in Canberra, Australia for its 75th anniv. In the fall widespread riots and strikes in Algiers bring the govt. of Pres. Chadli Bendjedid to its knees. On Oct. 1 Mikhail Gorbachev is confirmed as pres., succeeding Andrei A. Gromyko. On Oct. 3 Lebanese kidnappers release Indian educator Mithileshwar Singh, who had been held captive with three Americans for more than 20 mo. On Oct. 5 Ind. Repub. Dan Quayle and Tex. Dem. Lloyd Bentsen clash in Omaha, Neb. in the only vice-pres. debate of the 1988 campaign; after a dull hour warm-up, Quayle remarks "I have as much experience in the Congress as Jack Kennedy did when he sought the presidency", causing Bentsen to utter his famous perfect put-down: "Senator, I served with Jack Kennedy. I knew Jack Kennedy. Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy." On Oct. 5 a plebiscite terminates Chilean pres. Pinochet's dictatorship; he calls for an open election and stays in power until his term runs out in 1990. On Oct. 6 a bus collides with a flatbead trailer outside El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Egypt, killing 28 and injuring 21. On Oct. 8 Pope John Paul II goes to E France where he addresses the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights. On Oct. 9 Yugoslav Pres. Raif Dizdarevic warns citizens in a nat. radio and TV address that continued unrest could lead to a state of emergency. On Oct. 9 a bus crashes into a flooded pond outside Gauhati, Assam, India, killing 50. On Oct. 11 the first Nat. Coming-Out Day for non-heterosexuals is held in the U.S. On Oct. 11 the last 440 hand-cranked telephones in the U.S. go out of service in Bryant Pond, Maine. On Oct. 12 federal prosecutors announce that Sundstrand Corp. has agreed to plead guilty to fraud charges and pay a $115M settlement for overbilling the Pentagon for airplane parts over five years. On Oct. 12 West German pres. Richard von Weizsacker addresses a meeting of German historians in Bamberg, with the soundbyte that Germany "cannot make others responsible for what it and its neighbors endured under National Socialism. It was led by criminals, and allowed itself to be led by them. It knows this to be true." On Oct. 12 a bus crashes into a ditch and burns in Shaanxi, China, killing 43 and injuring 40. On Oct. 13 George Bush and Michael Dukakis meet in their 2nd pres. debate. On Oct. 13 in Italy cardinal-archbishop Anastasio Alberto Ballestrero (1913-98) of Turin announces that the Shroud of Turin does not date back to the time of Christ after scientists at three leading univs. carbon-14-date samples to sometime between 1260-1390; in 1998 the dating work is questioned as spoiled by bioplastic coating, and Am. physicist John Jackson of Colo. Springs leads efforts to get its dating redone to come out right; too bad, in 2009 Luigi Garlaschelli of the U. of Pavia reproduces the Shroud image using materials available in the Middle Ages - a fork is stuck in the Millennium Fever cake, but only a bioplastic one? On Oct. 13 Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006) becomes the first Arab writer to win the Nobel Lit. Prize. On Oct. 15-20 the underdog Los Angeles Dodgers (NL) (mgr. Tommy Lasorda) defeat the Oakland Athletics (AL) (mgr. Tony La Russa) 4-1 in the Eighty-Fifth (85th) "Calif. Classic" World Series, becoming their 6th WS title and 2nd WS title in the 1980s after 1981 (only team to win more than one); the Dodgers outscore the A's 21-11, outhitting them by 41-28, outmuscling them by 5 homers to 2, and outpitching them (2.03-3.92); on Oct. 15 Game 1 features a dramatic game-winning 9th inning 2-out right field homer (most memorable in ML history?) by full-count injured hobbling (left hamstring, right knee) Dodgers pinch-hitter (outfielder) Kirk Harold Gibson (1957-) (#2) (who signed with the Dodgers after an arbitrator ruled that baseball team owners had colluded against players to stem free agency, and won the NL MVP, then was too injured to start or be introduced) off future hall-of-fame A's pitcher Dennis Lee "Eck" Eckersley (1954-) (#43); Dodgers right fielder Michael Dewayne "Mike" Davis (1959-) (#37) scores first after walking then stealing 2nd base on a wild pitch; the TVs catch the taillights of fan cars leaving the parking lot in despair as the ball flies over the wall; A's outfielder Jose Canseco Capas Jr. (1964-) (who won AL MVP after becoming the first ML player to hit 40+ homers and steal 40+ bases, teaming with Mark David "Big Mac" McGwire (1963-) to from the Bash Brothers) hits a grand slam in the 2nd inning, his only hit of the series, which dents an NBC camera in center field, after which McGwire's only hit wins Game 3; Dodgers pitcher Orel Leonard "Bulldog" Hershiser IV (1958-) (#55) is MVP after throwing shutouts in five of his last six regular season starts and a record 59 consecutive scoreless innings pitched, beating the record held by Dodgers pitcher Don Drysdale. On Oct. 17 Philip Morris launches an $11.5B takeover bid for Kraft - smokable mac & cheese? On Oct. 18 the sitcom Roseanne debuts on ABC-TV for 222 episodes (until May 20, 1997), starring Roseanne Cherie Barr (1952-) and John Stephen Goodman (1952-) as Roseanne and Dan Conner, and Lauren Ophelia "Laurie" Metcalf (1955-) as Mary Jane "Jackie" Harris; fat real-looking people finally get their show, as the Baby Boomers start getting middle-age spreads? On Oct. 18 South Korean Pres. Roh Tae-woo in an address to the U.N. Gen. Assembly calls for a summit with North Korea's pres. to sign a non-aggression pact. On Oct. 19 eight Israeli soldiers are killed in a suicide car bomb attack in S Lebanon. On Oct. 19 the British govt. bans the voices of reps from the IRA, Sinn Fein, and nine otehr Irish political-military orgs. from the BBC (until Sept. 16, 1994), causing them to hire actors to dub them. On Oct. 20 black Dem. activist Donna Brazile (1959-), deputy field dir. of the Dukakis campaign tells reporters that George H.W. Bush should "fess up" about rumors of an extramarital affair with Jennifer Ann Isobel Fitzgerald (nee Patteson-Knight) (1932-), saying "The American people have every right to know if Barbara Bush will share that bed with him in the White Huuse"; after the Dukakis campaign disavows her remarks, she resigns, but keeps on advising Dem. pres. campaigns. On Oct. 21 a federal grand jury in New York City indicts former Philippine pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos and his wife Imelda on charges of fraud and racketeering; Marcos dies next year before trial, and Imelda is acquitted in 1990. On Oct. 21 three buses collide with a refrigerator truck in Martorell, Catalonia, Spain, killing 14 and injuring 65. On Oct. 22 the 100th Congress adjourns after an early morning session that produced sweeping legislation to combat drug abuse. On Oct. 25 First Lady Nancy Reagan addresses a U.N. committee, saying that the U.S. is responsible for its own drug problem, and charging that every drug user in the U.S. is "an accomplice to every criminal act" committed by drug barons. On Oct. 26 German chancellor Helmut Kohl attends a banquet in the Kremlin with Soviet pres. Mikhail Gorbachev to reconcile over WWII; too bad, on Nov. 11 a group of 16 Jews revisits their former home town of Xanten, Germany, and are greeted by graffiti reading "That's the way to the gas chamber" and "Auschwitz is too small". On Oct. 27 the govt. of the Soviet Union unveils an $804B budget containing a $58B deficit that officials blame on past mistakes - there's no gotchya here? On Oct. 29 the maiden voyage of the Soviet Union's space shuttle is delayed because of problems with ground equipment. On Oct. 30, responding to Repub. attempts to pin the term liberal on him, Michael Dukakis declares "Yes, I am a liberal, in the tradition of Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, and John Kennedy". On Oct. 31 in Lebanon the kidnappers of Am. hostage Terry Anderson release a videotape in which he accuses the Reagan admin. of blocking his release. On Oct. 31 the 13.5K-acre Nat. Park of American Samoa is established by the U.S., incl. 4.5K acres of coral reefs and ocean, becoming the only U.S. nat. park S of the Equator. On Nov. 1 Israeli voters go to the polls in parliamentary elections that result in a narrow V for the right-wing Likud bloc, requiring the creation of a coalition govt. On Nov. 2 American Expose: Who Murdered JFK?, hosted by Jack Anderson is aired by numerous U.S. TV stations. On Nov. 4 in a ceremony at O'Hare Internat. Airport in Chicago, Pres. Reagan signs the Anti-Genocide Pact providing for U.S. participation in an anti-genocide treaty signed by Pres. Truman in 1948. On Nov. 6 Andrei Sakharov, the father of the Soviet dissident movement arrives in the U.S. for a 2-week trip less than two years after being freed from internal exile in the Soviet Union. On Nov. 8 the 1988 U.S. Pres. Election sees Repubs. George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-2018) and running mate James Danforth "Dan" Quayle (1947-) defeat Dems. Michael Stanley Dukakis (1933-) and his running mate Lloyd Millard Bentsen (1921-2006), sweeping 40 states; 50.3% of the electorate votes for pres., Bush receiving 48.9M popular votes (53.4%) and 426 electoral votes to Dukakis' 41.8M popular votes (45.6%) and 111 electoral votes, but a fun time is in for Bush as Dems. win control of both houses of Congress; in 1991 Dukakis becomes a political science prof. at Northeastern U. in Boston, Mass. On Nov. 10 the U.S. Dept. of Energy announces that Bushorado, er, Texas has been chosen as the home of the $4.4B atom-smashing Superconducting Super Collider AKA the Desertron; Congress kills it in Oct. 1993. On Nov. 11 police in Sacramento, Calif. find the first of seven bodies buried on the grounds of a boardinghouse; "Death House Landlady" Dorothea Helen Puente (1929-2011) is later charged in the deaths of nine people, is convicted of three murders and sentenced to life in prison; she did it to get their Social Security checks. Re On Nov. 12-15 the Palestine Nat. Council, the legislative body of the PLO meets in Algiers, and its delegates proclaim an independent Palestinian state; on Nov. 20 Egypt and Red China recognize it. On Nov. 13 former Czech leader Alexander Dubcek receives an honorary degree in Italy, the first time he is allowed outside his country in 18 years. On Nov. 14 U.S. officials announce that Soviet leaders will visit the U.S. in Dec. On Nov. 14 Israeli Pres. Chaim Herzog formally asks PM Yitzhak Shamir to form a new govt. On Nov. 14 the sitcom Murphy Brown debuts on CBS-TV for 247 episodes (until May 18, 1998), starring Candice Bergen (1946-) as a reporter for FYI. On Nov. 15 the Soviet Union launches its first space shuttle, Buran on an unmanned 3.5-hour flight; it proves too expensive and never flies again? On Nov. 15 the Palestinian Declaration of Independence is adopted by the PLO, er, Palestine Nat. Council in Algiers, proclaiming the state of Palestine, forgetting that they denied the validity of the 1947 U.N. resolution sanctioning the creation of a Jewish state, and floppping to cite its simultaneous sanctioning of the creation of a Palestinian state; it is soon recognized by 100 countries; there is no de facto state of Palestine until ? On Nov. 16 (Wed.) in a "watershed election" (first dem. poll in over a decade) Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007) is elected the first female PM of a Muslim country, Pakistan, taking office on Dec. 2 (until Aug. 6, 1990); her Pakistan People's Party (PPP) wins 92 of 237 nat. assembly seats, causing her to form a coalition govt. On Nov. 17 pres.-elect Bush announces his choice of conservative Havana, Cuban-born Repub. N.H. gov. #75 (1983-9) John Henry Sununu (1939-) (an Arab-Am. of Lebanese extraction and Greek Orthodox faith) to be White House chief of staff #14 (Jan. 20, 1989-Dec. 15, 1991), and his Atlanta, Ga.-born campaign mgr. Harvey Leroy "Lee" Atwater (1951-91) to succeed Frank Fahrenkopf Jr. as chmn. of the Rep. Nat. Committee, becoming known for dirty tricks incl. the "jumper cable" episode, rumors that Dukakis had been treated for mental illness and his wife had burned a U.S. flag, and the Willie Horton ad smear campaign; before he dies of a brain tumor in 1991 Atwater converts to Roman Catholicism and issues written apologies; during the campaign Bush's son George W. Bush is given an office across from Atwater's to be his dad's "eyes and ears", and they become good friends; Sununu's refusal to back the 1986 proclamation condemning the U.N. resolution defining Zionism as racism causes concerns by Jews, but Bush owes him for his help in the N.H. primary; Sununu goes on to join a "policy action" group to advise Bush incl. Allan Bromley (science), Michael Biskin (economics), Dick Darman (budget), and Roger Porter (domestic policy) and convince Bush to becoming a global warming skeptic and "not commit to policies that would result in trillion dollar changes in the U.S. economy until there were then more adequate technical bases for such a position." On Nov. 18 Pres. Reagan signs legislation creating a Cabinet-level drug czar and providing the death penalty for drug traffickers who kill. On Nov. 20 "Wheel of Fortune" number-turning goddess Vanna White makes her TV movie debut in the NBC-TV stinker Goddess of Love. On Nov. 21 pres.-elect George H.W. Bush announces that he is retaining Dick Thornburgh as atty.-gen. and Lauro Cavazos as education secy., and appointing Richard Gordon "Dick" Darman (1943-) as budget dir. (1993-); he later appoints Brent Scowcroft (1925-) as nat. security advisor (Nov. 23) (until 1993), Dr. Louis Wade Sullivan (1933-) as secy. of Health and Human Services (HHS) (Dec. 22) (until 1993), Samuel Knox Skinner (1938-) as transportation secy. (Dec. 22) (until Aug. 1992), Manuel Lujan Jr. (1928-) as interior secy. (Dec. 22) (until Jan. 20, 1993), Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger (1930-) as secy. of state (until Jan. 20, 1993), and former transportation secy. Elizabeth Hanford "Liddy" Dole (1936-) as labor secy. #20 (Dec. 24) (until Nov. 23, 1990). On Nov. 21 Canada's Progressive Conservative Party, led by PM Brian Mulroney wins the country's gen. election. On Nov. 22 Americans honor Pres. Kennedy on the 25th anniv. of his assassination, with 2.5K people turning out in Dallas, Tex. and visitors stopping by his gravesite at Arlington Nat. Cemetery. On Nov. 23 Pres. Reagan announces a pocket veto of a bill designed to further restrict lobbying by former federal employees, calling it "excessive and discriminatory". On Nov. 23 Serbian authorities in Kosovo ban all public assemblies and demonstrations by ethnic Albanians. On Nov. 24 a state of emergency is declared in the cities of Kirovabad and Nakhichevan in Azerbaijan. On Nov. 24 South Africa's justice minister announces that Nelson Mandela will not be returned to prison upon his recovery from tuberculosis, but will instead remain in custody in another location. On Nov. 24 Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K) debuts on the Comedy Channel for 197 episodes (until Aug. 8, 1999), featured Joel Robinson (Joel Hodgson) stranded on space station Satellite of Love with robot sidekicks Tom Servo, Crow T. Robot, Gypsy, and Cambot, and forced to watch sci-fi B-movies, riffing them from the peanut gallery. On Nov. 25 a 5.7 earthquake centered in E Canada is felt widely across Canada and the NE U.S. On Nov. 25 French pres. Francois Mitterrand visits the Soviet Union, and watches the launch of a Soviet-French space mission. On Nov. 26 the U.S. denies an entry visa to PLO chmn. Yasser Arafat, who is seeking permission to travel to New York City to address the U.N. Gen. Assembly; world reaction goes against the U.S. On Nov. 26 Dr. Kazem Sami, leader of a liberal Islamic movement is murdered in non-liberal Iraq. On Nov. 28 Picasso's 1905 painting Acrobat and Young Harlequin sells at auction for $38.46M. On Nov. 28 Bush announces that Marlin Fitzwater, Reagan's chief spokesman is staying on for his admin - I like to go fresh fitzwater marlin fishin'? On Nov. 29 U.S. Senate Dems. elect Maine Sen. (since 1980) George John Mitchell Jr. (1933-) to be Sen. majority leader, taking the post vacated by Robert Byrd of W. Va. next Jan. 3 (until Jan. 3, 1995). On Nov. 29 in Arizona v. Youngblood, a divided (5-4) U.S. Supreme Court rules that the rights of criminal defendants are not violated when police unintentionally fail to preserve potentially vital evidence - but how can anybody prove it was unintentional? On Nov. 30 Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) is declared the winner of the corporate free-for-all to take over RJR Nabisco Inc. with a bid of $24.53B. In Nov. West German parliament speaker Philipp Jenninger is forced to resign after sturring up memories of Nazi Germany and uttering the soundbyte "Wasn't Hitler someone elected by Providence, a leader who would only be given to a people once in a thousand years?" to channel their mindset. In Nov. Pres. Reagan signs a federal law prohibiting the sale of lawn darts - after 9/11 this really sounds funny? On Dec. 1 Soviet pres. All Hail Gorby wins nearly unanimous approval for a more dynamic political structure as the Supreme Soviet votes itself out of existence in favor of a new Congress of People's Deputies. On Dec. 1 the first World AIDS Day, founded by WHO is held. On Dec. 2 Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on a secret 4-day mission, returning on Dec. 6 - new satellites to watch the Congress of People's Deputies? On Dec. 3 (early a.m.) 11 black funeral mourners are killed in Natal Province in South Africa in an attack blamed on security forces; white Capt. B.V. Mitchell is charged with ordering two constables to start shooting. On Dec. 4 the govt. of Argentina announces that hundreds of heavily armed soldiers had ended a 4-day military revolt. On Dec. 5 a federal grand jury in N.C. indicts PTL founder Jim Bakker and former aide Richard W. Dortch on fraud and conspiracy charges; Bakker is later convicted of all counts, while Dortch pleads guilty to four counts and cooperates with prosecutors in exchange for a lighter sentence. On Dec. 6 Soviet Pres. Gorbachev arrives for his 2nd U.S. visit to address the U.N. and meet with Reagan and Bush, giving a speech in the U.S. where he announces that the Cold War is over and "The use or threat of force no longer can or must be an instrument of foreign policy - this applies above all to nuclear arms", calling for cutting offensive strategic arms in half, banning weapons in outer space, ending exploitation of the Third World, canceling Third World debt payments, jointly safeguarding the environment, along with a U.N.-brokered ceasefire in Afghanistan, acknowledging that the Afghan insurgents are prevailing despite 100K Soviet troops being deployed; he also offers a "joint effort to put an end to an era of wars"; too bad, on Dec. 7 a 7.2 earthquake devastates Spitak (Gyumri), N Armenia, killing 50K, catching children in unstable school buildings 5 min. before school ends; on Dec. 8 Gorbachev cuts his U.S. visit short in order to return home, and visits Armenia on Dec. 10. On Dec. 11 tons of illegal fireworks explode in a marketplace in Mexico City, killing 62. On Dec. 11 a Soviet military transport plane crashes, killing 80 involved in Armenian earthquake relief efforts. On Dec. 12 a triple train collision during morning rush hour in S London kills 35. On Dec. 13 PLO chmn. Yasser Arafat addresses the U.N. Gen. Assembly in Geneva, where it had reconvened after the U.S. refused to grant Arafat a visa to visit New York; on Dec. 14 in a dramatic policy shift Pres. Reagan authorizes the U.S. to enter into a "substantive dialogue" with the PLO after Arafat claims that he is renouncing "all forms of terrorism"; on Dec. 15 U.S. ambassador to Tunisia (1987-91) Robert H. Pelletreau Jr. (1935-) telephones the PLO HQ in Tunisia; on Dec. 17 Israeli PM Shamir expresses shock, calling the U.S. decision a "painful blow". On Dec. 15 after only Israel and the U.S. oppose it, Gen. Assembly Resolution 43/176 is adopted, titled "Question of Palestine' calling for a U.N.-sponsored Internat. Peace Conference on the Middle East, with the principles for comprehensive peace being withdrawal of Israel from occupied Palestine territories incl. Jerusalem and other occupied Arab territories, security of all states in the region incl. those named in Resolution 181, within secure internationally-recognized boundaries, execution of Resolution 194, dismantling of Israeli settlements, and free access to holy places; the same day Gen. Assembly Resolution 43/177 is adopted, recognizing the proclamation of the State of Palestine, supporting Palestinian (PLO) sovereignty over occupied Palestinian territories, and recalling Resolution 181; within a year 100 officially recognize Palestine. On Dec. 16 Bush chooses former Texas Sen. John Tower to be his secy. of defense; the Senate rejects him. On Dec. 18 PLO chmn. Yasser Arafat meets in Cairo with Egyptian Pres. Hosni Mubarak to discuss how to continue the momentum gained by the first U.S-PLO dialogue. On Dec. 19 Bush nominates New York Congressman Jack Kemp to be his secy. of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). On Dec. 19 Israeli PM Yitzhak Shamir agrees to a Likud-Labor coalition. On Dec. 20 the Internat. Committee of the Red Cross suspends its operations in Lebanon after receiving death threats. On Dec. 21 Pan Am Flight 103 (Boeing 747) en route from Frankfurt to New York City explodes over the village of Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 243 passengers and 16 crew aboard plus 11 on the ground; on Dec. 28 British authorities conclude that a bomb exploded aboard the jet; on Dec 29 the FAA announces tightened security measures for U.S. air carriers at 103 airports in the Middle East and W Europe; Abdel Basset al-Megrahi (1952-) of Libya becomes the only person convicted of the bombing, and is released on Aug. 20, 2009 after eight years after contracting terminal prostate cancer. On Dec. 23 Pope John Paul II meets with Yasser Arafat at the Vatican, telling him that he believes Palestinians and Jews have "an identical fundamental right" to their own countries. On Dec. 30 both Reagan and Bush are subpoenaed to testify as defense witnesses in the pending Iran-Contra trial of Oliver North; the subpoenas are later quashed. On Dec. 31 Reagan and Gorbachev exchange New Year's messages in which they express optimism about future superpower relations - good night, Dick? On Dec. 31 the U.S. Nat. Debt reaches a record 52.6% of GDP (vs. 33.3% under Carter on Dec. 31, 1980). The U.S. agrees to pay rent for its military bases in the Philippines. Iceland lifts its 70-y.-o. ban on strong beer. Vietnam veteran Kenneth Deardorff becomes the last person to receive land under the 1862 U.S. Homestead Act. Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati Massah (1926-) becomes chmn. #2 of the Guardian Council of Iran (until ?), in charge of making sure all laws submit to Islamic Sharia. Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto Polar (1941-) and his Inst. for Liberty and Democracy (ILD) begin reforming Peru's economic system to take black market enterprises out of the shadows into the formal economy, turning Peruvian pres. (1990-2000) Alberto Fujimori (1938-) from a Keynesian to a neoliberal that agrees to abide by rules set by the IMF et al. to reduce inflation, having the effect of undermining the leftist guerrilla Shining Path movement by removing their support by small coca farmers; he goes on to enact similar programs in El Salvador, Haiti, Tanzania, and Egypt, gaining praise from U.S presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, and Bill Clinton, who calls him "The world's greatest living economist." Iran executes thousands of members of the Mujahadeen e-Khalq (MEK), causing Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri to denouce it; in 2016 his son Ahmed Montazeri is convicted by a court in Qoms of compromising state security for releasing an audio tape of the denunciation. The conservative Fidesz political party is founded in Hungary, going on to win supermajorities in the 2010 and 2014 nat. assembly elections. The Al Taqwa Bank in Switzerland is founded by Muslim Brotherhood leader (son-in-law of founder Hassan al-Banna) Said Ramadan (1926-95), going on to fund al-Qaida and other radical Muslim groups. The U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is founded by the World Meteorological Org. (WMO) and U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP) to investigate "the risk of human-induced climate change" and provide an objective scientific view of climate change and its political-economic impacts, weighted at the outset to assume anthropogenic global climate change, with Swedish meteorologist Bert Rickard Johannes Bolin (1925-2007) as chmn. #1, receiving endorsement by the U.N. Gen. Assembly in Resolution 43/53; too bad, it is taken over by sinister OWG globalists of the Club of Rome et al. who want to force the rich nations to cough-up their wealth and give it to the poor nations to supposedly atone for their sins, ensuring that all nations will be poor?; they also know that CO2 is good not bad, and must be limited to keep the teeming billions from being fed to keep the pop. down?; Stanford U. elminates the required course in Western Civilization and History after protests by Rev. Jesse Jackson et al., featuring the chant: "Hey hey, ho ho, Western culture's got to go." A struggle between moderates and conservatives in the Assoc. of Evangelical Lutheran Churches (AELC) (founded 1976) that has been raging since the 1970s causes the moderates to leave and merge with two other Lutheran groups in the 5.2M-member Evangelical Lutheran Church in Am. (ELCA) next Jan. 1, leaving the 2.6M-member Lutheran Conservative Missouri Synod (LCMS), and the 400K-member Wisc. Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS) for the conservatives. New waif supermodel Kate Moss (1974-), from the unglamorous S London suburb of Croydon is discovered at the JFK Internat. Airport in New York City by Storm Agency founder Sarah Doukas; in 1990 topless pics of her as a 14-y.-o. make her a star, and by 2000 her net worth is estimated at an unskinny $26.3M. CDs outsell vinyl records for the first time. 98% of U.S. households have at least one TV set. The European Assoc. for Evolutionary Political Economy is founded in London; in 2005 it begins pub. the Journal of Institutional Economics. The Sands Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nev., former hangout of the Rat Pack is purchased by a group led by COMDEX expo king Sheldon Gary Adelson (1933-); in 1990 they open the 1.2M sq. ft. Sands Expo and Convention Center, the only privately-owned and operated convention center in the U.S. CNN founder Ted Turner founds Turner Network Television (TNT) and buys MGM's film library; in ? he shows his first colorized oldie film "Yankee Doodle Dandy". The U.S. Federal Election Commission reports that 74.2% of PAC donations went to incumbents in the 1987-88 election cycle, and in federal-level elections only 11.8% went to incumbents. The pesky infidel Soviets out of the way in Afghanistan with infidel U.S. help, multimillionaire Saudi financer and Sunni Wahhabi Muslim anti-Crusader freedom fighter Osama (Usama) (Arab. "lion") bin Laden (1957-2011) founds Al-Qaida (Al-Qaeda) (Arab. "the [Data] Base") to support Muslim terrorist activity worldwide; the name originally refers to a center for processing Arab volunteers to fight against the Soviets in Afghanistan? The Review of Financial Studies is founded by Oxford U. Press, becoming one of the top three academic financial journals along with the Journal of Finance (1946), and the Journal of Financial Economics (1989). Oklahoma City, Okla.-born Kenneth Earl "Ken" Wilber II (1949-) founds the Integral Inst. in Boulder, Colo. to teach Integral Theory. The Space Frontier Foundation is founded to opening space to human settlement through free enterprise not massive govt. programs. Donald Trump founds the Donald J. Trump Foundation to give away proceeds from his book "Trump: The Art of the Deal"; too bad, it turns into his personal piggy bank, and after he runs for U.S. pres. in 2016, all kinds of dirt is dug up on it. the $3K annual Poet's Prize is founded by Robert McDowell, Frederick Morgan, and Louis Simpson for the best Am. poetry book pub. two years prior to the award year as selected by a committee of 20 poets; the first winner is Julia Randall for "Moving in Memory" (1987), followed by Andrew Hudgins for "After the Lost War: A Narrative" (1988), Miller Williams for "Living on the Surface" (1989), Mark Jarman for "The Black Riviera" (1990), Adrienne Rich for "Atlas of the Difficult World" (1991), Maxine Kumin for "Looking for Luck" (1992), Jared Carter for "After the Rain" (1993), and Marilyn Hacker for "Selected Poems 1965-1990" (1994). Austin, Tex.-born gay fashion designer Thomas Carlyle "Tom" Ford (1961-) begins working for Perry Ellis, moving to Milan to work for Gucci in 1990, helping rescue it from bankruptcy and build its image, becoming creative dir. in 1994, introducing Halston-style velvet hipsters, skinny satin shirts, and metallic car-finish patent books, increasing its stock valuation to $4B by 1999, when it acquires the fashion house of Yves Saint Laurent, where Ford pushes the Opium and M7 perfumes with provocative nude ads; in Apr. 2004 after Gucci reaches $10B valuation, he leaves and launches his own label, making fans of Michelle Obama, Beyonce, Daniel Craig, Johnny Depp, Tom Hanks, Hugh Jackman, Jennifer Lopez, Gwyneth Paltrow, Will Smith, Justin Timberlake et al.; in 2005 he founds the film production co. Fade to Black, making his dir. debut in 2009 with "A Single Man". The Nat. Bureau of Standards (founded 1901) becomes the Nat. Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST). J.C. Penney Co. moves its HQ to Plano, Tex. Left-leaning Telefund is founded to raise money for political campaigns through telemarketing. Boris Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago is finally pub. in the Soviet Union - which proves it's about to fall? Hugh Hefner's daughter Christie Ann Hefner (1952-) becomes pres. of Playboy. The first authorized release of genetically altered material in the outdoors occurs. The 38-acre 2K-y.-o. Humongous Fungus (species Armillaria) is discovered in Mich. around the town of Crystal Falls - by Bullwinkle the Moose or Rocky the Squirrel? The Nat. Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C. opens. The Horror Writers Assoc. founds the Stoker Awards. After a crime spree on Staten Island beginning in 1977, suspected Satanic serial murderer Andre Rand (Frank Rushan) (1944-) is charged with the kidnapping and murder of Jennifer Schweiger on July 9, 1987, and convicted of kidnapping, receiving a 25-year sentence; in Oct. 2004 he is convicted of the kidnapping of 7-y.-o. Holly Ann Hughes in 1981, receiving another 25 years; he is eligible for parole in 2037. Mexican-born Am. physicist Albert Baez (1912-2007) (father of singer Joan Baez) founds Vivamos Mejor/USA to aid impoverished Mexican villages. 14-y.-o. violinist Alyssa Park (1974-) debuts at the Cincinnati Symphony Orhcestra, dir. by Jesus Lopez-Cobos; in 1990 she becomes the youngest winner of the Tchaikovsky Internat. British mag. Classic Rock is founded by Future Publishing, which also founds Metal Hammer in 1986; it later establishes the vetty British Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards. Belgium-based Interbrew is formed from a merger of Stella Artois, Bass, Beck's, Boddingtons, Hoegaarden, Labatt, Leffe, and Staropramen, becoming the 3rd largest brewing co. on Earth; in 2004 it merges with AmBev of Brazil to form InBev, which becomes the largest brewing co. on Earth (13% market share); in 2005 InBev merges with Anheuser-Busch to form Anheuser-Busch InBev. Sports: On Jan. 11 Rod Laver Arena tennis stadium in Melbourne, Australia opens, with a 15K seating capacity; originally called Nat. Tennis Centre at Flinders Park and Centre Court, the name is changed in Jan. 2000. On Jan. 11 the Washington Redskins win the NFC championship by defeating the Minnesota Vikings 17-10. On Jan. 23 Topeka, Kan.-born Bob Benoit (1954-) becomes the first bowler to roll a perfect 300 game in a televised PBA title match (his first TV appearance) at the Quaker State Open at the Forum Bowl in Grand Prairie, Tex., defeating Mark Roth 300-255; “He's probably been whipped around a school yard by a bully sometime, but put a bowling ball in his hand and lookout, he's Superman. If this doesn't get your heart pumping, I doubt there's much that will.” (Nelson Burton Jr.) On Feb. 14 the 1988 (30th) Daytona 500 is won by Bobby Allison (3rd win) (oldest winner until ?) after a spectacular crash by Richard Petty in the tri-oval on lap 106; Bobby Allison beats his son Davey to the finish line to win. On Apr. 26 after experimenting in 1978-9, the NBA permanently adds a 3rd referee. On Apr. 30 Cincinnati Reds mgr. (since 1984) Pete Rose shoves umpire Dave Pallone in a game won by the New York Mets 6-5, causing NL pres. (since 1986) Angelo Bartlett "Bart" Giamatti (1938-89) to suspend him for 30 games on May 2; later in the season Giamatti suspends Los Angeles pitcher Jay Howell for using pine tar during the NL championship series; on Sept. 8 Giamatti is unanimously elected to succeed Peter Ueberroth as ML baseball commissioner for a 5-year term, starting next Mar. 1; too bad it doesn't work out that way as he dies of a heart attack next Sept. 1 after 154 days, eight days after banishing Rose from baseball on Aug. 24. On May 7 the 1988 (114th) Kentucky Derby is won by Winning Colors (1985-2008), who becomes the 3rd filly to win (next in ?). On May 18-26 the 1988 Stanley Cup Finals see the Edmonton Oilers defeat the Boston Bruins 4-0; MVP is Oilers center Wayne Gretzky, who on Aug. 9 is traded to the Los Angeles Kings. On May 29 the 1988 (72nd) Indianapolis 500 sees Team Penske dominate, with winner Rick Mears winning the pole position, Danny Sullivan the center front row, and Al Unser Sr. the outside front row; Mears becomes the first to break the 220 mph barrier in time trials; the first of six consecutive wins for the Chevy Indy V-8 engine and Ilmor powerplan. On June 7-21 the 1988 NBA Finals is won 4-3 by the Los Angeles Lakers over the Detroit Pistons. On June 11 Preakness winner Risen Star (-1998) captures the Belmont Stakes with a time 2nd only to father Secretariat. On June 27 Michael Gerard "Iron Mike" Tyson (1966-) retains the undisputed heavyweight boxing crown in Atlantic City, N.J., KOing Michael Spinks 91 sec. into the 1st round; Iran "the Blade" Barkley (1960-) TKOs Thomas Hearns to become WBC middleweight boxing champ, which is voted the upset of the year by Ring mag.; on Feb. 24, 1989 he is defeated by Roberto Duran in a split decision. On June 28 the 1988 NBA Draft sees 25 teams select 75 players in three rounds (reduced from seven); 6'10" Hattiesburg, Miss.-born power forward Daniel Ricardo "Danny" Manning (1966-) of the U. of Kansas (son of Ed Manning) is selected #1 overall by the Los Angeles Clippers (#5/#25), switching in 1994 to the Atlanta Hawks (#5) then the Phoenix Suns (#15) (until 1999), ending up as a coach at his alma matter (until 2012), followed by Wake Forest U. (2014-); 7'4" Netherlands-born center ("the Dunkin' Dutchman") Rik Smits (1966-) of Marist College is selected #2 overall by the Indiana Pacers (#24/#45), playing his entire career for them (until 2000); 6'5 Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.-born shooting guard Mitchell James "Mitch" Richmond (1965-) of Kansas State U. is selected #5 overall by the Golden State Warriors (#23), winning rookie of the year as part of coach Don Nelson's fast-paced Run TMC offense with Tim Hardaway and Chris Mullin, then being traded for Billy Owens to the Sacramento Kings (#2) in 1991-8, becoming their first star, becoming their top scorer every year; 6'3" Chicago, Ill.-born Hersey R. "Hawk" Hawkins Jr. (1966-) of Bradley U. is selected #6 overall by the Los Angeles Clippers, who trade him to the Philadelphia 76ers (#33) for Charles Smith (until 1993), becoming their #2 scorer after Charles Barkley; 6'6" Traverse City, Mich.-born guard-forward Daniel Lewis "Dan" Majerle (1965-) of Central Mich. U. is selected #14 overall by the Phoenix Suns (#9), and is booed by the audience, causing coach Cotton Fitzsimmons to tell them: "You'll be sorry you ever booed this man"; he ends up become a big star, moving to the Cleveland Cavaliers in 1995 and Miami Heat in 1992 before returning in 2001-2, with his number retired by the Suns after his last season; in 2008-13 he becomes an asst. coach for the Suns. On July 25 the Atlanta Hawks defeat the Soviet team by 85-4, becoming the first NBA team to play in the Soviet Union. On Aug. 8 the Chicago Cubs ends its 74-season tradition of hosting only day games by hosting their first night game against the Philadelphia Phillies, which is rained out in the 3rd inning; on Aug. 9 they defeat the New York Mets by 6-4 in their first official night game, continuing to be the only ML team to play the majority of home games during the day (until ?). On Sept. 7-9 after a judge in New York orders the feuding San Diego Yacht Club and a New Zealand challenger on July 25 to settle the battle for the America's Cup with a race in Sept., the 27th America's Cup is won 2-0 by San Diego with the catamaran Stars and Stripes, piloted by Dennis W. Conner (1943-), defeating a New Zealand monohull off San Diego; the issue goes to court, and Conner prevails. On Sept. 10 Stefanie Maria "Steffi" Graf (1969-) of West Germany achieves the first Grand Slam in tennis since Margaret Court Smith in 1970 by winning the U.S. Open women's final. On Sept. 16 lefty Cincinnati Reds (1984-94) pitcher Thomas Leo "Tom" Browning (1960-2022) pitches a perfect game against the Los Angeles, Dodgers, becoming the 3rd by a lefty, and 12th in ML history On Sept. 29 Orel Leonard Hershiser IV (1958-) of the Los Angeles Dodgers (#55) finishes the season with 59 scoreless innings pitched, breaking the 1968 record of fellow Dodger Don Drysdale after Drysdale convinces him to pitch in the 10th inning of a scoreless game with the San Diego Padres, then tells him "At least you kept it in the family"; the Padres win 2-1 in 16 innings. Lydia Bradley (1962-) of New Zealand becomes the first woman to summit Mt. Everest without supplemental oxygen. Former U.N.C. Wilmington player (#11) John Vincent Calipari (1959-) becomes head coach of the U. of Mass. (UMass), coaching them to five straight Atlantic 10 titles and a 193-71 record, winning the nat. coach of the year award in 1996 before moving to the NBA New Jersey Nets in 1996-9, then the U. of Memphis in 2000-9, becoming known for the Memphis Attack (dribble drive motion offense), followed by the U. of Ky. in 2009-. Nobel Prizes: Peace: U.N. Peacekeeping Force; Lit.: Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006) (Egypt); Physics: Leon Max Lederman (1922-2018) (U.S.), Melvin Schwartz (1932-2006) (U.S.), and Hans Jakob "Jack" Steinberger (1921-) (U.S.) [muon neutrino]; Chem.: Johann Deisenhofer (1943-), Robert Huber (1937-), and Hartmut Michel (1948-) (West Germany) [structure of photosynthetic reaction center]; Medicine: Gertrude Belle Elion (1918-99) (U.S.) [AZT], George Herbert Hitchings (1905-98) (U.S.) [chemotherapy], and Sir James Whyte Black (1924-2010) (U.K.) [beta-blocker drug treatment, Propranolol, Cimetidine]; Economics: Maurice Felix Charles Allais (1911-) (France) [theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources]. Inventions: On Jan. 21 the well-marketed drug Retin-A gets a boost when a study pub. in the Journal of the Am. Medical Assoc. says the anti-acne drug could also reduce wrinkles caused by sun exposure. On June 28 the $40M Russian single-seat twin-engine Sukhoi Su-35 "Flanker-E" supermaneuverable multirole fighter makes its first flight as the SU-27M, debuting again as the SU-35 4th gen. (beyond visual range) stealth fighter on Feb. 19, 2008; 15 SU-27Ms and 40 SU-35Ss are built. In June the first CD-ROM is released by Sony and Philips; CD-Recordable is released in 1990. On Sept. 18 Rogaine (originally Regain) (Minoxidil) becomes the first drug approved by the FDA for hair growth. On Oct. 26, 1988 French pharmaceutical co. Roussel Uclaf announces that it will halt worldwide distribution of "abortion pill" RU-486 because of "an outcry of opinion at home and abroad", but two days later the French govt. orders the co. to reverse (abort?) itself. On Nov. 2-3 Cornell U. student Robert Tappan Morris (1965-), son of Unix pioneer Robert Morris (1932-2011) crashes 6K computers on the Internet with his Morris Internet Worm Virus, the first-ever Internet worm; he gets three years of probation for violating the U.S. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986. On Dec. 21 the 6-engine 640-tonne Antonov An-225 Mriya strategic airlift cargo aircraft makes its first flight, becoming the longest and heaviest airplane ever built, with the largest wingspan since the Spruce Goose; only one is built. The DEW (Distant Early Warning) Line in the U.S. and Canada (founded 1957) is replaced by the upgraded North Warning System. The Indiglo bluish-green nightlight is patented by Ralph Elssio and Fredrik Olsen for use in watches. Microsoft releases Microsoft Word for Windows 1.0. The G.S.M. Encryption Algorithm is developed, and is used for cell phone encryption; too bad, it is deciphered, and pub. in 2009, putting 3.5B users at risk. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is developed by Jarkko Oikarinen (1967-) of Finland. Am. microbiologist Curt Jones invents Dippin' Dots frozen ice cream by flash-freezing an ice cream mix in liquid nitrogen. Tom Kruse of Sarasota, Fla. invents the Hoveround power wheelchair. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. releases the Premier Smokeless Cigarette, developed at a cost of $1B; after smokers ignore instructions not to light it with a match, causing it to smell like a fart and taste like shit (plus being so hard to draw that it can cause a hernia?), it flops and is withdrawn next year, but Reynolds reintroduces it as the Eclipse brand in the 1990s. Science: On Apr. 12 the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issues a patent to Harvard U. for a genetically-engineered mouse called the Harvard Mouse (OncoMouse), becoming the first granted for an animal life form - if an animal has a baby, does it have to pay Harvard royalties? On June 23 after the first Goddard Inst. for Space Studies (GISS) Global Temperature Analysis is pub. in 1981, and his mentor S. Ichtiaque Rasool (1930-2016) announces a new NASA CO2 research program, with the soundbyte: "No respectable scientist would say that you already have a signal", and foreign diplomats and environmental activists get U.S. Sen. (D-Colo.) (1987-93) Timothy Endicott "Tim" Wirth (1939-) to call it, profusely sweating top NASA Goddard climate scientist James Edward Hansen (1941-) addresses a U.S. Senate subcommitee chaired by U.S. Sen. (D-Tenn.) (1985-93) Albert Arnold "Al" Gore Jr. (1948-) in a hearing on a particularly hot day with malfunctioning air conditioning (after he and Wirth sabotaged it, "We called the Weather Bureau and found out what historically was the hottest day of the summer... so we scheduled the hearing that day, and bingo, it was the hottest day in Washington, or close to it... We went in at the night before and opened all the windows so that the air conditioning wasn't working inside the room"), uttering the soundbyte that "with 99% confidence" CO2-driven global warming has already arrived, claiming a 0.5C-0.7C global warming in the past cent., with the four warmest years all in the 1980s, and the two warmest in 1981 and 1987, making him 99% sure that the Earth is the warmest since instrumental data began to be collected in 1980, that there is a clear cause-effect relationship with the Greenhouse Effect, and that global warming is steadily increasing the likelihood of freak weather incl. superstorms, becoming "the opening salvo of the age of climate change", supercharging the One World Govt. (OWG) types and letting them loose like a roving lion to create a new money-hungry OWG religion complete with priests, bishops, and a pope (Al Gore)?, and CO2 as their Devil?; outside the hearing room Hansen declares "The greenhouse effect is here"; in 1999 the GISS study is updated, reporting 1998 as the warmest year on record despite slight cooling in the E U.S. and W Atlantic, mainly due to the El Nino; Hansen says that coal-fired power plants with no CO2 (carbon) capture technology should be eliminated in the U.S. by 2025, and the rest of the world by 2030; Hansen's runaway climate predictions focus the spotlight on the Petroleum (fossil fuel) industry and its Fossil fuels lobby, turning its great benefit to humanity into something sinister, based on pie-in-the-sky future gloom and doom predictions treated as sure things, targeting it with fossil fuel divestment, causing opponents of global warming to counter with global warming conspiracy theory; too bad, after his runaway climate predictions fall flat, and he insists on keeping his job, on Aug. 29, 2000 Hansen et al. pub. the paper Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario, admitting that the net global warming observed so far is likely due to non-CO2 gases and black carbon, because CO2 is offset by climate-cooling aerosols emitted via fossil fuel burning. British-Am. theoretical physicist John Lawrence Cardy (1947-) proposes the a-theorem, that the number of ways that quantum fields can be energetically excited is always greater at high energies than at low energies; it is not proven until ? Peter Gruenberg (Grünberg) (1939-) of Germany and Albert Fert (1938-) of France independently discover Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR), utilizing the spin states of electrons as well as their charge state to create the new field of "spintronics", which later makes multi-gigabyte hard disk drives possible. Phoenix, Ill.-born social psychologist Claude Mason Steele (1946-) proposes Self-Affirmation Theory. Am. physicist Kip Stephen Thorne (1940-) of Caltech shows that a wormhole can be turned into a time machine if "exotic matter" with less then zero mass can be found for it - how does that throw Big Bang calculations off? The First Chapman Conference on the Gaia Hypothesis in San Diego, Calif. puts forward the Gaia Hypothesis (Princeiple) (Theory) of English physical chemist James Ephraim Lovelock (1919-) and Am. biologist Lynn Margulis (nee Lynn Petra Alexander) (1938-2011) that the Earth is a single dynamic living system with evolutionary mechanisms to self-regulate and support life - how does that throw Jesus' Second Coming off? The U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is founded by the World Meteorological Org. (WMO) and U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP) to prove an objective scientific view of climate change and its political-economic impacts, receiving endorsement by the U.N. Gen. Assembly in Resolution 43/53; too bad, it is taken over by sinister OWG globalists who want to force the rich nations to cough-up their wealth and give it to the poor nations to supposedly atone for their sins, ensuring that all nations will be poor? Nonfiction: Peter Ackroyd (1949-), The Life of Thomas More. Mortimer Adler (1902-2001), Reforming Education: The Opening of the American Mind. Fouad A. Ajami (1945-), Beirut: City of Regrets. David Barton (1954-), The Myth of Separation; Christians were the only ones who were intended to hold public office in the U.S. originally?; another book based on Donald S. Lutz's 1984 article in "American Political Science Review". Thomas Berry (1914-2009), The Dream of the Earth; pub. by the Sierra Club; disses the "technological trance" and the idea of progress as an enemy of planetary well-being, becoming a hit with environmentalists; "You can't have healthy people on a sick planet." Shirley Temple Black (1928-2014), Child Star (autobio.) - she wasn't a 37-year-old midget? Wayne Clayson Booth (1921-2005), The Company We Keep: An Ethics of Fiction; ethics should be relocated "to the center of our engagement with literature"? Glen Warren Bowersock (1936-), Gibbon's Historical Imagination. Taylor Branch (1947-), Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-65 (Pulitzer Prize); first in the 3-vol. 2,912-page trilogy America in the King Years about MLK Jr., followed by "Pillar of Fire" (1998), and "At Canaan's Edge" (2006). Peter Brown (1935-), The Body and Society; Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity; about permanent sexual renunciation in the 1st to 5th cents. Tom Brown Jr. (1950-), The Vision: The Dramatic True Story of One Man's Search for Enlightenment. Frederick Buechner (1926-), Whistling in the Dark: An ABC Theologized. Robert Vance Bruce (1923-2008), The Historian's Lincoln: Rebuttals: What the University Press Would Not Print. George Burns (1896-1996), Gracie: A Love Story. Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Kissing Cousins: A Memory (autobio.). Fritjof Capra (1939-), Uncommon Wisdom. Robert Allan Caro (1935-), The Years of Lyndon Johnson (4 vols.) (1982-2012); incl. "The Path to Power" (1982), "Means of Ascent" (1990), "Master of the Senate" (2002) (Pulitzer Prize), "The Passage of Power" (2012). David Caute (1936-), The Year of the Barricades: A Journey Through 1968. Phyllis Chesler (1940-), Sacred Bond: The Legacy of Baby M (May 12). Noam Chomsky (1928-) and Edward S. Herman (1925-), Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy and the Mass Media; the news media as business; title comes from the phrase "the manufacture of consent" by Walter Lippmann (1889-1974) in "Public Opinion" (1922). Gerald Clarke, Capote. Robert Coles (1929-), Harvard Diary: Reflections of the Sacred and the Secular (2 vols.); Times of Surrender: Selected Essays. Laurie Colwin (1944-92), Home Cooking: A Writer in the Kitchen. Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), A Long Desire (essays). Harvey Gallagher Cox (1929-), The Silencing of Leonardo Boff: The Vatican and the Future of World Christianity (May); the behind the scenes story of Boff's silencing by Joseph Ratzinger et al.; Many Mansions: A Christian's Encounter with Other Faiths; expresses concern about the rise of fundamentalism in the Muslim and Christian worlds. Louis William Countryman, Dirt, Greed, and Sex: Sexual Ethics in the New Testament and Their Implications for Today. Lawrence Arthur Cremin (1925-91), The Metropolitan Experience; vol. 3 of 3 of "American Education" (1970-88). Scott Cunningham (1956-93), Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner; bestseller. Merle Eugene Curti (1897-1996), American Philanthropy Abroad. John Darwin (1948-), Britain and Decolonisation: The Retreat from Empire in the Post-War World (Making of the 20th Century) (Nov.). Janice Delaney, The Curse: A Cultural History of Menstruation (Mar. 1). Samuel R. Delany (1942-), The Motion of Light in Water: Sex and Science Fiction Writing in the East Village (autobio.); black gay sci-fi writer marries white Jewish lesbian poet Marilyn Hacker (1942-) in Lower East Side New York City in summer 1961, a nd they enjoy a bohemian lifestyle and open interracial marriage until they separate in 1973, and divorce in 1980. William Doyle (1942-), Oxford History of the French Revolution (2nd ed. 2002); takes the revisionist view. Martin Bauml Duberman (1930-), Paul Robeson [1898-1976]: A Biography. Andrea Dworkin (1946-) and Catharine A. MacKinnon (1946-), Pornography and Civil Rights; calls for anti-porno legislation. Michael Edwards, Priscilla, Elvis, and Me (Aug.). Richard Ellmann (1918-87), Oscar Wilde (Nov. 5) (Pulitzer Prize). Steven Emerson (1953-), Secret Warriors: Inside the Covert Military Operations of the Reagan Era (Apr. 11); claims the Pentagon set up a secret "mini-CIA" after the bungled Iranian hostage rescue attempt in 1980. Joseph Epstein (1937-), Partial Payments: Essays on Writers and Their Lives. William Everson (1912-94), The Excesses of God: Robinson Jeffers as a Religious Figure. George Fetherling (1949-), The Crowded Darkness (Dec.); The Gold Crusades: A Social History of Gold Rushes, 1849-1929. Eric Foner (1943-) and Richard B. Morris, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. Robert Lull Forward (1932-2002), Future Magic: How Today's Science Fiction Will Become Tomorrow's Reality (June). Robert Lull Forward (1932-2002) and Joel L. Davis, Mirror Matter: Pioneering Antimatter Physics (Mar.). Robert Fulghum (1937-), All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten; bestseller; "Share everything, play fair, don't hit people... flush"; "I believe that imagination is stronger than knowledge - myth is more potent than history - dreams are more powerful than facts - hope always triumphs over experience - laughter is the cure for grief - love is stronger than death." Paul Fussell Jr. (1924-2012), Thank God for the Atom Bomb and Other Essays. Jim Garrison (1921-92), On the Trail of the Assassins; his long fight to prosecute the real assassins of JFK; used by Oliver Stone as a basis for his 1991 film "JFK". Barbara Garson (1941-), The Electronic Sweatshop: How Computers Are Transforming the Office of the Future into the Factory of the Past. Henry Louis Gates Jr. (1950-), The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism. Peter Gay (1923-2015), Freud: A Life for Our Time. Estelle Getty (1923-2008), If I Knew Then, What I Know Now... So What? (autobio.). Barry Gifford (1946-), The Devil Thumbs a Ride and Other Unforgettable Films. Felix Gilbert (1905-91), A European Past: Memoirs, 1905-1945 (autobio.). Sandra M. Gilbert (1936-) and Susan Gubar (1944-), No Man's Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century (1988-94). Lord Edward Gleichen (ed), Chronology of the Great War. 1918-20. Albert Goldman (1927-94), The Lives of John Lennon; portrays him as meagerly talented, violent, drugged-out, neurotic, dyslexic, schizophrenic, and anti-Semitic, and claims he had a gay affair with mgr. Brian Epstein along with boy hos in Thailand, pissing-off Yoko Ono and Paul McCartney, despite Ono in 1981 calling him a "closet fag" who liked her because she looked "like a bloke in drag"; also accuses him of killing a sailor in Hamburg, causing the death of Beatle Stuart Sutcliffe by kicking him in the head during a drunken rage, and killing Yoko's unborn baby in 1968 by kicking her in the belly; also claims that there was no 5-year "house-husband" phase in 1975-80; in 2015 Yoko admits that John had a desire for sex with men but never acted on it, and that Epstein "made a move" but Lennon didn't go all the way. Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (1953-2012), The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction. Simon Gray (1936-2008), How's That for Telling 'em, Fat Lady? (autobio.). Stanislav Grof (1931-), The Adventure of Self-Discovery: Dimensions of Consciousness and New Perspectives in Psychotherapy. Stanislav Grof (1931-) and Marjorie L. Valier (eds.), Human Survival and Consciousness Evolution. Willis Harman (1918-97), Global Mind Change: The New Age Revolution in the Way We Think; 2nd ed. 1998; "As planetary limits to further material growth are approached, and as economic rationality pushes further automation and efficiencies in production, the number of jobs will fall... Does society ask itself what other meaningful and productive activities can be engaged in, now that economic production does not require the efforts of all? No, it engages in frenzied activities to increase consumption." Michael Harrington (1928-89), The Long Distance Runner: An Autobiography. Campbell Harvey (1958-), The Real Term Structure and Consumption Growth. Stephen Hawking (1942-2018), A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes; bestseller (9M copies); the attempt by godless Science to trump God as Master of Time causes it to become a giant bestseller; "Black Holes Ain't So Black" - Fulghum and Hawking, the opposite poles of the book market? Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992), The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism; attributes the birth of civilization to private property. Michel Henry (1922-2002), Voir l'Invisible, sur Kandinsky. Edward Hoagland (1932-), Heart's Desire: The Best of Edward Hoagland: Essays from Twenty Years. John Hollander (1929-), Melodious Guile: Fictive Pattern in Poetic Language. Michael Holroyd (1935-), Bernard Shaw (4 vols.) (1988-92). Bell Hooks (1952-), Talking Black: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black. Arianna Huffington (1950-), Picasso: Creator and Destroyer. Lee Iacocca (1924-) and Sonny Kleinfeld, Talking Straight. Jill Ireland (1936-90), Life Wish; her battle with cancer. Molly Ivins (1942-2007), You Got to Dance With Them What Brung You; "There's nothing you can do about being born liberal - fish gotta swim and hearts gotta bleed". Michael Jackson (1958-2009), Moonwalk (autobio.) (Feb. 1); ed. Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis; dedicated to Fred Astaire; title named after Jackson's signature dance move the Moonwalk, a retropulsion dance step originated by bandleader Cab Calloway, dancer Bill Bailey et al.; admits to having two nose jobs and a chin cleft but denies whitening his complexion or having his cheeks or eyes altered; on Apr. 21 New York City plastic surgeon Howard Bellin claims in the Sunday New York Times that he has had at least 10 surgical procedures. Soren Johansen (1969-), Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors; first of several papers advancing the theory of Cointegration. Charles R. Johnson (1948-), Being and Race: Black Writing Since 1970. Efraim Karsh (1953-), The Soviet Union and Syria: The Asad Years (Nov.); Neutrality and Small States (Nov.). Mollie Katzen (1950-), Still Life with Menu Cookbook; bestseller. Alfred Kazin (1915-98), A Writer's America: Landscape in Literature. David I. Kertzer (1948-), Ritual, Politics and Power. Jonathan Kozol (1936-), Rachel and Her Children: Homeless Families in America (Dec. 27). Joseph P. Lash (1909-87), Dealers and Dreamers: A New Look at the New Deal (posth.). Frederick A. Leuchter Jr. (1943-), The Leuchter Report; a U.S. engineer ignites a firestorm of controversy with his conclusion that there were no mass murder in the gas chambers at Auschwitz; in 1993 The Rudolf Report backs him up. Bernard Lewis (1916-2018), The Political Language of Islam; the chasm between Islamic and Western political thought. Audre Lorde (1934-92), A Burst of Light (essays) (Apr.); her fight against cancer. James Lovelock (1919-), The Ages of Gaia: A Biography of Our Living Earth. William Manchester (1922-2004), The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Alone, 1932-1940. Jay Mathews (1945-), Escalante: The Best Teacher in America; Jaime Escalante (1930-2010) of Garfield H.S. in East Los Angeles teaches calculus to Hispanics and fights the gringo-dominated school system. Bertrand Mayer (1950-), Object-Oriented Software Construction; makes the case for object-oriented programming. Jane Mayer and Doyle McManus, Landslide: The Unmaking of the President, 1984-1988; how Reagan squandered his whopping electoral mandate with scandals - setting the bar for Clinton and the Bushes? James D. McCawley (1938-99), The Syntactic Phenomena of English (2 vols.). Joe McGinniss (1942-), Blind Faith; a true crime story set in Toms River, N.J. John J. McNeill, The Church and the Homosexual. James M. McPherson (1936-), Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (Pulitzer Prize); bestseller (600K copies), causing a revival of interest in the U.S. Civil War, pissing-off Southerners with its attack on the theory that it wasn't really about slavery. Alice Miller (1923-2010), The Untouched Key: Tracing Childhood Trauma in Creativity and Destructiveness. Banished Knowledge: Facing Childhood Injuries; her abused childhood and the "enlightened witness". Christopher Robin Milne (1920-96), The Open Garden (autobio.). Eric Henry Monkkonen (1942-2005), American Becomes Urban: The Development of U.S. Cities and Towns, 1780-1980; "Both in England and the United States the city has turned out to be far more fluid residentially, more rigid occupationally, and in the U.S. more complex ethnically than probably anyone imagined." Raymond Moody (1944-) and Paul Perry, The Light Beyond. Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013), Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America (Sept. 21) (Bancroft Prize). Sheridan Morley (1941-2007), Ingrid Bergman (Sept. 1); Elizabeth Taylor: A Celebration. Benny Morris (1948-), The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949; Jewish historian pisses-off Zionists by claiming that most of the 700K Palestinians who fled their homes in 1947 did it due to Israeli military attacks, not orders by Arab officials; revised in 2004. Richard Ward Morris (1939-2003), The Nature of Reality: The Universe After Einstein. Roger Morris, The Devil's Butcher Shop: The New Mexico Prison Uprising; the 1980 N.M. Penitentiary Riot. Jim Morrison (1943-71), The Lost Writings of Jim Morrison (posth.) (2 vols.) (1988, 1990). Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), Conversion: The Spiritual Journey of a Twentieth Century Pilgrim; converts to Roman Catholicism after being wowed by Mother Teresa, causing him to become known as St. Mugg. Steven Naifeh (1952-) and Gregory White Smith (1951-2014), The Mormon Murders: A True Story of Greed, Forgery, Deceit, and Death; the murder of two people in Salt Lake City, Utah on Oct. 15, 1985 leads to the Mormon Church? James B. Nelson, The Intimate Connection: Male Sexuality and Masculine Spirituality (Jan. 1). Jack Newfield (1938-2004), The Big Apple: City for Sale: Ed Koch and the Betrayal of New York; from Peter Minuit (1589-1638) in 1626 to Ed Koch in 1988. John Julius Norwich (1929-), Byzantium: The Early Centuries (3 vols.) (1988-95); from the birth of Constantine the Great in 274 to the coronation of Charlemagne on Christmas Day, 800, mainly er, Byzantine court intrigues. Simon J. Ortiz (1941-) (ed.), Earth Power Coming: Short Fiction in Native American Literature. Elaine Pagels (1943-), Adam, Eve and the Serpent: Sex and Politics in Early Christianity; disses St. Augustine for identifying sexuality with original sin. Heinz Pagels (1939-88), The Dreams of Reason: The Computer and the Rise of the Sciences of Complexity; on Chaos Theory, by Elaine Pagels' hubby; causes Michael Critchton to create the char. of Ian Malcolm in his 1990 novel "Jurassic Park". Abraham Pais (1918-2000), Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World (Sept. 29). Ilan Pappe (1954-), Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1951. Michael Parenti (1933-), The Sword and the Dollar: Imperialism, Revolution and the Arms Race (Oct. 15); broadside against U.S. economic imperialism, blaming it for Third World poverty. Raphael Patai (1910-96), Apprentice in Budapest: Memories of a World That is No More (autobio.); Gates to the Old City: A Book of Jewish Legends. Roy Porter (1946-2002), Edward Gibbon: Making History. Roy Porter (1946-2002) and G.S. Rousseau (eds.), Sexual Underworlds of the Enlightenment (Mar.). Benjamin A. Quarles (1904-96), Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography. Michael S. Radu (1947-2009), Violence and the Latin American Revolutionaries. Marcus Raskin (1934-) and Chester Hartman, Winning America: Ideas and Leadership for the 1990s. Diane Ravitch (1938-), The Great School Wars: A History of the New York City Public Schools. Ishmael Reed (1938-), Writing is Fighting: Thirty-Seven Years of Boxing on Paper. Dan Reeves (1944-), Reeves: An Autobiography (with Dick Connor) (July); "As a coach, you just fantasize about getting a John Elway." Donald Thomas Regan (1918-2003), For the Record (autobio.); Reagan White House chief of staff in 1985-7. Robert S. de Ropp (1913-87), Self-Completion: Keys to the Meaningful Life. Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), Ludwig von Mises: Scholar, Creator, Hero. Kamal Salibi (1929-2011), Secrets of the Bible People; Who Was Jesus? Conspiracy in Jerusalem; A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered. Orville Hickok Schell (1940-), Discos and Democracy: China in the Throes of Reform; Communist China's race towards capitalism. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), The Great Depression: Will We Repeat It? Karl Shapiro (1913-2000), Poet (3 vols.) (1988-90) (autobio.). Sayyed Imam al-Sharif (1950-), The Essential Guide for Preparation; father of the Egyptian jihad movement pub. a bestseller for jihadists incl. Osama bin Laden, calling jihad the natural state of Islam because Muslims must always be at war with unbelievers, with the soundbyte: "The real objective was not victory over the Soviets but martyrdom and eternal salvation"; after being imprisoned in Yemen after 9/11, he flip-flops in prison, and in Nov.-Dec. 2007 pub. "Document of Right Guidance for Jihad Activity in Egypt and the World", claiming that the Quran actually prohibits most forms of terrorism, with the soundbyte "There is nothing that invokes the anger of God and His wrath like the unwarranted spilling of blood and wrecking of property", adding "Oh, you young people, do not be deceived by the heroes of the Internet, the leaders of the microphones, who are launching statements inciting the youth while living under the protection of intelligence services, or of a tribe, or in a distant cave or under political asylum in an infidel country. They have thrown many others before you into the infernos, graves, and prisons", and "God permitted peace treaties and ceasefires with the infidels, either in exchange for money or without it, all of this in order to protect the Muslims, in contrast with those who push them into peril"; too bad, al-Qaida blows him off and continues their jihad, with plenty of Islamic clerics backing them up. Neil Sheehan (1936-), A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam (Pulitzer Prize); the life of U.S. Lt. Col. John Paul Vann (1924-79), who blew the whistle on the inept handling of the Vietnam War and was booted out of the Army in 1963, returning as a civilian to stick it out, dying in a heli crash and being awarded the Medal of Freedom by Pres. Nixon, and becoming the only civilian to be awarded a Distinguished Service Cross for Vietnam. Gail Sheehy (1937-), Character: America's Search for Leadership; analyzes U.S. politicians incl. Al Gore, Gary Hart, Bob Dole, Jesse Jackson, Michael Dukakis, George H.W. Bush, and Ronald Reagan. Hedrick Smith (1933-), The Power Game: How Washington Works. Ozzie Smith (1954-), Wizard (autobio.) (May). Susan Sontag (1933-2004), AIDS and Its Metaphors; sequel to "Illness as Metaphor" (1978). Theodore Sorensen (1928-), Let the Word Go Forth: The Speeches, Statements and Writings of John F. Kennedy, 1947-1963; by JFK's advisor. Gary Soto (1952-), Lesser Evils: Ten Quartets (autobio.). Terence Stamp (1938-), Stamp Album (autobio.). Wallace Stegner (1909-83), On the Teaching of Creative Writing: Responses to a Series of Questions. Victor J. Stenger (1935-), Not by Design: The Origin of the Universe; Am. atheist physicist takes his best shot; the order in Nature is the result of a spontaneous process of symmetry-breaking? David Stenn, Clara Bow: Runnin' Wild. Jose Luis Stevens and Lena S. Stevens, Secrets of Shamanism: Tapping the Spirit Power Within You. Gerald Stern (1925-), Selected Essays. Whitley Strieber (1945-), Transformation; more on personal alien abduction. Han Suyin (1917-), A Share of Loving (autobio.); Fleur de Soleil, Histoire de Ma Vie (Flower of Sun: The Story of My Life) (autobio.). Hugh Thomas (1931-), Armed Truce (May 1); first of a trilogy on the Cold War. Barbara W. Tuchman (1912-89), The First Salute: A View of the American Revolution; focuses on the St. Eustatius U.S. flag salute of Nov. 16, 1776. Fred Waitzkin (1943-), Searching for Bobby Fischer: The Father of a Prodigy Observes the World of Chess; filmed in 1993. Margaret Walker (1915-98), Richard Wright, Daemonic Genius: A Portrait of the Man, a Critical Look at His Work. Michael Walzer (1935-), The Company of Critics: Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century. Marilyn Waring (1952-), If Women Counted (Counting for Nothing): A New Feminist Economics; criticizes the use of GDP as the only measure of progress, and claims that failing to value women and nature are resulting in bad globalization decisions, founding Feminist Economics. Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, Revelation: Its Grand Climax at Hand!; the latest interp. of the Bible Book of Revelation by the ever-hopeful Jehovah's Witnesses, portraying Jesus Christ as a serious white-bearded old fart with a gold crown coming down on a white horse to kick butt with an army of angels. Brian Weiss (1944-), Many Lives, Many Masters: The True Story of a Prominent Psychiatrist, His Young Patient, and the Past-Life Therapy That Changed Both Their Lives (July 15); New York-born psychiatrist treats patient Catherine who claims to reveal past lives through hypnosis, making him a believer in reincarnation. Cornel West (1953-), Prophetic Fragments: Illuminations of the Crisis in American Religion and Culture; "Afro-American intellectual activity is alive and well in the 1980s." Stuart Wilde (1946-), The Quickening. Buster Wiles, My Days with Errol Flynn: The Autobiography of a Stuntman; disses Charles Higham's 1980 bio., claiming that he wasn't a Nazi but a left wing anti-Fascist who supported the Spanish Repub. in the Spanish Civil War, as well as Fidel Castro. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Timothy Leary (1920-96), and George Koopman, Neuropolitique; rev. ed. of "Neuropolitics" (1978). Fred Alan Wolf (1934-), Parallel Universes: The Search for Other Worlds. Robin Wood (1931-2009), Sexual Politics and Narrative Film: Hollywood and Beyond (Dec. 15). Art: Duane Hanson (1925-96), Queenie II; Cheerleader. Thomas D. Mangelsen (1946-), Catch of the Day; "the most famous wildlife photograph in the world". Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Etre Cri. Music: Paula Abdul (1962-), Forever Your Girl (album) (debut) (June 13); takes a record 64 weeks to hit #1, then spawns a record four debut album #1s and sells 12M copies; incl. Forever Your Girl (#1), Straight Up (#1), Cold Hearted (Snake) (#1), Opposites Attract (#1), The Way That You Love Me (#3). AC/DC, Blow Up Your Video (album #12) (Jan. 18); incl. Heartseeker, That's the Way I Wanna Rock 'n' Roll. Bryan Adams (1959-), Live! Live! Live! (album) (July 3). Jane's Addiction, Nothing's Shocking (album) (debut) (Aug. 23); (#103 in the U.S.); cover shows a sculpture of a pair of nude female conjoined twins sitting sideways on a rocking chair with their heads on fire; from LA, incl. Perry Farrell (Peretz Bernstein) (1959-) (vocals), David Michael "Dave" Navarro (1967-) (guitar), Eric Adam Avery (1965-) (bass), and Stephen Andrew "Steve" Perkins (1967-) (drums); incl. Jane Says, Mountain Song. a-ha, Stay on These Roads (album #3) (May 1) (#2 in the U.K.); incl. Stay on These Roads (#5 in the U.K.), The Blood That Moves the Body (#25 in the U.K.), Touchy! (#11 in the U.K.). Gregg Allman (1947-), Just Before the Bullets Fly (album #4). Tori Amos (1963-), Y Kant Tori Read (album) (debut); a flop; incl. The Big Picture. Anthrax, State of Euphoria (album #4) (Sept. 19); incl. Antisocial, Misery Loves Company (inspired by the Stephen King novel "Misery"), Now It's Dark (inspired by the David Lynch film "Blue Velvet"), 13/Finale. Fairground Attraction, The First of a Million Kisses (album) (debut) (May); Eddi Reader (1959-) (vocals); incl. Clare, The Moon is Mine. Anita Baker (1958-), Giving You the Best That I Got (album #3) (Oct. 17) (#1 in the U.S.) (5M copies); incl. Giving You The Best That I Got (#3 in the U.S.), Just Because. The Bangles, Everything (album) (Oct.); incl. Eternal Flame; they disband next year. Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) and the Banshees, Peepshow (album #9) (Sept. 5); incl. first with Martin McCarrick; incl. Peek-a-Boo, The Last Beat of My Heart. Pat Benatar (1953-), Wide Awake in Dreamland (album); incl. All Fired Up, Don't Walk Away, Let's Stay Together, One Love. Moody Blues, Sur la Mer (album #14) (June 6); incl. I Know You're Out There Somewhere. Oingo Boingo, Boingo Alive (double album) (Sept. 26). Beastie Boys, Paul's Boutique (album #2) (July 25; incl. To All the Girls, Hey Ladies. Pet Shop Boys, Introspective (album) (Oct. 11); sells 4.5M copies; incl. Always On My Mind/ In My House (Nov. 30), Left to My Own Devices, Domino Dancing, It's Alright. Billy Bragg (1957-), Workers Playtime: Capitalism Is Killing Music (album #3) (Sept. 20) (#18 in the U.K.); incl. Tender Comrade, Little Time Bomb. Bobby Brown (1969-), Don't Be Cruel (June 20) (#1 in the U.S.) (best-selling album of 1989, 8M copies); incl. Don't Be Cruel, My Prerogative (#1 in the U.S.). Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Hot Water (album #17) (June). Chris de Burgh (1948-), Flying Colours (album #8) (Nov. 1); incl. Carry Me (Like a Fire in Your Heart). Eric Carmen (1949-), Make Me Lose Control (May) (#3 in the U.S.). Kim Carnes (1945-), View from the House (album #11). Elliott Cook Carter Jr. (1908-), Enchanted Preludes (Merkin Hall, New York) (May 16). Peter Cetera (1944-), One More Story (album #3) (Aug.); incl. One Good Woman, Scheherezade (with Madonna under alias Lulu Smith). Harry Chapin (1942-81), The Last Protest Singer (album #10) (posth.). Tracy Chapman (1964-), Tracy Chapman (album) (debut) (Apr. 5) (#1 in the U.S. and UJ.K.); incl. Fast Car (#6 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.), Baby Can I Hold You (#48 in the U.S.), Talkin' Bout a Revolution (#78 in the U.S.). Chicago, Chicago 19 (album) (June); incl. I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love, Look Away, You're Not Alone, We Can Last Forever, What Kind of Man Would I Be? Cinderella, Long Cold Winter (album #2) (May 21) (#10 in the U.S.) (3M copies); incl. Don't Know What You Got (Till It's Gone) (#12 in the U.S.), The Last Mile (#36 in the U.S.), Coming Home (#20 in the U.S.), Gypsy Road (#51 in the U.S.). Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), I'm Your Man (album) (Feb.); incl. I'm Your Man, First We Take Manhattan. Judy Collins (1939-), The Stars of Christmas (album #19). Bad Company, Dangerous Age (album #8) (Aug. 23). Taylor Dane (1962-), Tell It to My Heart (album) (debut) (Jan. 19); incl. Tell It to My Heart (#7 in the U.S.), I'll Always Love You (#3 in the U.S.), Prove Your Love (#7 in the U.S.), Don't Rush Me (#2 in the U.S.). Charlie Daniels (1936-2020), Homesick Heroes (album) (Aug. 15); incl. Uneasy Rider '88. Devo, Total Devo (album #7) (May). Divinyls, Temperamental (album #3). Dokken, Beast from the East (album) (Nov. 16); recorded in Japan; after performing in Van Halen's Monsters of Rock Tour on May 23-July 30, they break up, the reunite in 1993. Duran Duran, Big Thing (album #5) (Oct. 18); incl. Big Thing, I Don't Want Your Love, All She Wants Is, Do You Believe in Shame?, Too Late Marlene. Bob Dylan (1941-), Down in the Groove (album #25) (May 30). Public Enemy, It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back (album #2) (Apr. 14) (#42 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.); incl. Don't Believe the Hype, Night of the Living Baseheads, Bring the Noise, Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos. Enya (1961-), Watermark (album #2) (Sept. 19); incl. Orinoco Flow, Storms in Africa. Eric B. & Rakim, Follow the Leader (album #2) (July 25) (#22 in the U.S.) (500K copies in the U.S.); incl. Follow the Leader, Microphone Fiend. Melissa Etheridge (1961-), Melissa Etheridge (album) (May 2) (debut); incl. Bring Me Some Water, Like the Way I Do, Chrome-Plated Heart. Europe, Out of This World (album #4) (Aug. 9) (#19 in the U.S.); sells 1M copies; incl. Superstitious, Open Your Heart, Let the Good Times Rock, Tomorrow, More Than Meets the Eye, Sign of the Times. Exodus, Fabulous Disaster (album #3) (Nov. 30); incl. Fabulous Disaster, Low Rider (by War). Violent Femmes, 3 (album #4); incl. Fat. Fishbone, Truth and Soul (album #2) (Sept. 13) (#153 in the U.S.); incl. Freddie's Dead (by Curtis Mayfield). Pink Floyd, The Delicate Sound of Thunder (double album) (Nov. 22); recorded at the Nassau Coliseum, Long Island, N.Y. in Aug. Julia Fordham (1962-), Julia Fordham (album) (debut); sells 150K copies; incl. Happy Ever After. Psychedelic Furs, All That Money Wants. AQi Fzono (1969-), Phosphorescence (album) (solo debut). Kenny G (1956-), Silhouette (album #5) (Oct 4.) (25M copies); incl. Silhouette. Everything But the Girl, Idlewild (album #5) (Feb.); incl. I Don't Want to Talk About It. Glen Goldsmith (1965-), Dreaming; What You See Is What You Get (album); Save a Little Bit. Van Halen, OU812 (album #8) (May 24) ("Oh You Ate One Too"); incl. When It's Love, Black and Blue, Finish What Ya Started, Cabo Wabo, Mine All Mine, Feels So Good. MC Hammer, Let's Get It Started (album #2) (Sept. 28) (#30 in the U.S.); incl. Let's Get It Started, Pump It Up, They Put Me in the Mix, Turn This Mutha Out. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Perfect Machine (album #37) (Oct.). Roy Harper (1941-), Descendants of Smith (Garden of Uranium) (album #14) (Mar.); Loony on the Bus (album #15). Ofra Haza (1957-2000), Shaday (album) (Nov. 1); incl. Im Nin' Alu, Galbi. Talking Heads, Naked (album #8) (last album) (Apr. 3); they officially break up in 1991. Jeff Healey (1966-2008), See the Light (album) (debut) (Sept. 13); incl. See the Light. Crowded House, Temple of Low Men (album #2) (July) (#40 in the U.S.); incl. Better Be Home Soon, Into Temptation, Sister Madly. Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 63 ("Loon Lake"), Op. 411. La Toya Jackson (1956-), La Toya (You're Gonna Get Rocked!) (album #5); incl. You're Gonna Get Rocked!, Just Say No. Millie Jackson (1944-), The Tide is Turning (album #19); incl. I Almost Believed You. Rick James (1948-2004), Wonderful (album #11); incl. Loosey's Rap. Flotsam and Jetsam, No Place for Disgrace (album #2); incl. No Place for Disgrace, Saturday Night's Alright (for Fighting) (by Elton John and Bernie Taupin). Joan Jett (1958-) and the Blackhearts, Up Your Alley (album #6); incl. I Hate Myself for Loving You, Little Liar, I Wanna Be Your Dog. Elton John (1947-), Reg Strikes Back (album #21) (June); incl. I Don't Wanna Go On With You Like That, Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters, Part Two. Journey, Greatest Hits (album) (Nov. 15) (15M copies). Bon Jovi, New Jersey (album #4) (Sept. 19) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); first hard rock album to spawn five top-10 singles; incl. Bad Medicine, Lay Your Hands on Me, I'll Be There for You, Born to Be My Baby, Living in Sin. Kansas, In the Spirit of Things (album #11) (Oct.); about a flood hitting Neosho Falls, Kan. in the early 1950s. Chaka Khan (1953-), CK (album #7) (Nov. 22); incl. It's My Party. Kix, Blow My Fuse (album #4) (Sept. 19) (#46 in the U.S.) (500K copies) (their breakthrough album); incl. Blow My Fuse, Don't Close Your Eyes (#11 in the U.S.), She Dropped Me the Bomb, Cold Blood, Get It While It's Hot. L7, L7 (album) (debut); Donita Sparks (vocals), Suzi Gardner (vocals), Jennifer Finch (bass), and Demetra "Dee" Plakas (drums); L7 is 50s slang for square and can mean sexual 69, although the word lesbian starts with l and has 7 letters. Laibach, Let It Be (album #5); incl. Across the Universe; Sympathy for the Devil (album #6); incl. Sympathy for the Devil. k.d. lang (1961-), Shadowland (album) (solo debut) (Apr. 26); incl. Sugar Moon, Black Coffee. The La's, There She Goes. Q Lazzarus (1954-), Goodbye Horses; 1-hit wonder black female with a husky contralto voice; used in the films "Married to the Mob" (1988), Silence of the Lambs (1991) (The Buffalo Bill Song), and "Clerks II" (2006). The Human League, Greatest Hits (album) (Nov.). Level 42, Staring at the Sun (album #8) (Sept.); incl. Heaven in My Hands (#12 in the U.K.). Huey Lewis (1950-) and the News, Small World (album #5) (June); incl. Perfect World. Lyle Lovett (1957-), Pontiac (album #2) (#12 country). Fleetwood Mac, Greatest Hits (album); incl. No Questions Asked. As Long As You Follow. Iron Maiden, Seventh Son of a Seventh Son (album #7) (Apr. 11); last with Adrian Smith until 2000; incl. Can I Play with Madness, The Evil That Men Do, The Clairvoyant, Infinite Dreams. Yngwie Malmsteen (1963-), Odyssey (album #4) (Apr. 8) (#40 in the U.S.); incl. Heaven Tonight, Rising Force, Riot in the Dungeons. Martika (1969-), Martika (album) (debut) (Oct. 18); incl. Toy Soldiers (about drug addition not a break-up), I Feel the Earth Move, More Than You Know, Water. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Live in Europe (album); Live at Ronnie Scott's (album). Paul McCartney (1942-), Back in the USSR (The Russian Album) (album #7) (Oct. 31); first Western artist to release an album exclusively in the Soviet Union. Reba McEntire (1955-), Reba (album #15) Apr. 18); incl. Sunday Kind of Love. Bobby McFerrin (1950-), Don't Worry, Be Happy (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.) (first a cappella song to hit #1 in the U.S.); title taken from a quote by Meher Baba; from the 1988 film "Cocktail"; video features Robin Williams and Bill Irwin. Mike + the Mechanics, Living Years (album #2) (Nov.) (#13 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. Living Years (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.), Nobody's Perfect (#63 in the U.S.). Megadeth, So Far, So Good... So What! (album #3) (Jan. 19) (#28 in the U.S., #18 in the U.K.); incl. In My Darkest Hour (about Dave Mustaine's firing by Metallica). Olivier Messaien (1908-92), Eclairs su l'Au-Dela (Illuminations on the Beyond) (1988-92). Metallica, ...And Justice for All (album #4) (Aug. 25) (#6 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.)(5M copies); first with bassist Jason Newsted (1963-); incl. ...And Justice for All, Eye of the Beholder, One, Harvester of Sorrow. Bette Midler (1945-), Beaches Soundtrack (#1 in the U.S., #21 in the U.K.); sells 3M copies; incl. Wind Beneath My Wings (#1 in the U.S.). Kylie Minogue (1968-), Kylie (album) (debut) (July 4) (#53 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (2M copies); incl. I Should Be So Lucky, Got To Be Certain, Je Ne Sais Pas Pourquoi, It's No Secret, Turn It Into Love. The Dead Milkmen, Beelzebubba (album #4); incl. Punk Rock Girl. Steve Miller (1943-), Born 2B Blue (Sept.); incl. God Bless the Child. Joni Mitchell (1943-), Chalk Mark in a Rainstorm (album #13) (Mar. 22); incl. My Secret Place. Kylie Minogue (1968-) and Jason Donovan (1946-), Especially for You. Eddie Money (1949-), Nothing to Lose (album); incl. Walk on Water. Van Morrison (1945-), Irish Heartbeat (album #18); incl. Irish Heartbeat, Carrickfergus. Morrissey (1959-), Viva Hate (album) (debut) (Mar. 22) (original title "Education in Reverse"); incl. Suedehead, Everyday is Like Sunday. Motorhead, No (Nö) Sleep At All (album) (Oct. 15). Justified Ancients of Mu Mu, Who Killed the JAMS? (album); Shag Times (album); incl. Doctorin' the Tardis. Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), River of Time (album #14). Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), The Rumour (album); incl. The Rumour. Luigi Nono (1924-90), La Lontananza Nostalgica Utopica Futura (1988-9). Gary Numan (1958-), Metal Rhythm (album #9) (Sept.). Hall & Oates, Oh Yeah! (album #13) (June 10); incl. Everything Your Heart Desires. Billy Ocean (1950-), Tear Down These Walls (album #7) (Jan.); incl. Get Outta My Dreams, Get Into My Car. OMD, The Best of OMD (album) (Mar. 12). Robin Orr (1909-2006), On the Razzle (opera). Ozzy Osbourne (1948-), No Rest for the Wicked (album #5) (Oct. 22); incl. Miracle Man (mocks Rev. Jimmy Swaggart), Bloodbath in Paradise (about the Tate/LaBianca murders). Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Heavy Nova (album #10) (June 22) (#13 in the U.S., #17 in the U.K.); incl. Simply Irresistible (#1 in the U.S.). Graham Parker (1950-), The Mona Lisa's Sister (album); incl. Don't Let It Break You Down, Get Started, Start a Fire. Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), Joy (album); incl. Joy. Big Pig, Bonk (album) (debut) (Mar.); percussion band from Austrialia, incl. Nick Disbray, Sherine Abeyratne, Oleh Witer, Tony Antoniades, Tim Rosewarne, Adrian Scaglione, Neil Baker; incl. Hungry Town, Boy Wonder, Breakaway, Big Hotel. Pixies, Surfer Rosa (album #2) (Mar. 21); sells 500K copies, helping spawn grunge bands; incl. Break My Body, Broken Face, Gigantic, Where Is My Mind? (used in the 1999 film "Fight Club"), Cactus. The Pogues, If I Should Fall from Grace with God (album #4) (Jan.) (#3 in the U.K.); incl. If I Should Fall from Grace with God, and the Xmas song Fairytale of New York (with Kirsty MacColl); "And the bells were ringing out for Christmas Day. You're a bum. You're a punk... You scumbag, you maggot, you cheap lousy faggot. Happy Christmas your arse"; beat out for #1 UK Xmas single by the Pet Shop Boys' "Always On My Mind" (sung by cheap lousy faggots?). Pointer Sisters, Serious Slammin' (album #13) (#152); last with producer Richard Perry; last album to make the Billboard 200; incl. He Turned Me Out. Iggy Pop (1947-), Instinct (album) (June 20). The Posies, Failure (album) (debut); from Seattle, Wash., incl. Jonathan P. "Jon" Auer (1969-) (vocals), Kenneth Stuart "Ken" "Power Pop" Stringfellow (1968-) (vocals), Rick Roberts (bass), and Mike Musberger (drums); incl. Judas Priest, Ram It Down (album #11) (May 17) (#11 in U.S., #1 in U.K.); incl. Ram It Down. Prince (1958-2016), Lovesexy (album) (May 10) (#11 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); poses in the nude on the cover in a devout pose, showing his inner struggle between Camille (good) and Spooky Electric (evil), along with his Jehovah's Witnesses leanings?; incl. Eye No, I Wish U Heaven, Alphabet St., Anna Stesia. The Proclaimers, Sunshine on Leith (album #2) (Aug.); from Leith, Edinburgh, Scotland, incl. twins Charles S. "Charlie" Reid and Craig M. Reid (1962-); incl. I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles) #3 in the U.S.) (#11 in the U.K.) (featured in the 1993 film "Benny & Joon"), Sunshine on Leith, I'm on My Way. Skinny Puppy, VIVIsectVI (album #4) (Sept. 12); incl. Dogshit. Queensryche, Operation: Mindcrime (album #4) (May 3) (#50 in the U.S., #58 in the U.K.); hit-man junkie Nikkie falls for hooker-turned-nun Mary; incl. Operation: Mindcrime, Eyes of a Stranger (#35 in the U.S., #59 in the U.K.). I Don't Believe in Love (#41 in the U.S.), Revolution Calling, Breaking the Silence. Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), I Wanna Dance With You (album #11) (Mar. 1); incl. The Wanderer (by Dion DiMucci), We Must Be Doin' Something Right, That's Why I Fell in Love With You. Gerry Rafferty (1947-2011), North and South (album #6). Night Ranger, Man in Motion (album #5) (Sept.); next album in 1995; incl. Man in Motion. Ratt, Reach for the Sky (album #4) (Nov. 1) (#17 in the U.S.); incl. I Want a Woman, Way Cool Jr., Don't Bite the Hand That Feeds. Album #5 Detonator Sacred Reich, Surf Nicaragua (EP) (Oct.); incl. Surf Nicaragua, War Pigs (by Black Sabbath). Steve Reich (1936-), Different Trains; his response to the Holocaust. R.E.M., Green (album #6) (Nov. 7); first with Warner Bros.; incl. Orange Crush (#1), Stand (#1). Quiet Riot, QR (album #6) (Oct.); another flop. Guns N' Roses, Live from the Jungle (EP); incl. Knockin' on Heaven's Door (by Bob Dylan); Guns N' R Lies (album #2) (Nov. 29); sells 21M copies; incl. Mama Kin, Patience, One in a Million (controversial for use of the N-word). David Lee Roth (1955-), Skyscraper (album #2); incl. Just Like Paradise, Stand Up, Damn Good. Roxette, Look Sharp! (album #2) (Oct. 19) (#23 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.) (9M copies); makes them internat. stars; incl. The Look, Chances, Dressed for Success, Listen to Your Heart, Dangerous. Run-D.M.C., Tougher Than Leather (album #4) (Sept. 16); incl. Run's House, Mary, Mary. Sade (1959-), Stronger Than Pride (album #3) (May 14); incl. Love Is Stronger Than Pride, Paradise, Turn My Back On You. Salt-N-Pepa, A Salt With a Deadly Pepa (album #2) (Aug. 2) (#38 in the U.S.); incl. Shake Your Thang, Everybody Get Up, Twist And Shout (by Phil Medley and Bert Russell) (#4 in the U.K.). Scorpions, Savage Amusement (album #10) (Apr. 16) (#5 in U.S.); incl. Rhythm of Love. Selena (1971-95), Preciosa (album #6) (Oct. 10); incl. Cien Anos; Dulce Amor (album #7) (Dec. 24); incl. Dulce Amor. Sandie Shaw (1947-), Please Help the Cause Against Loneliness; Nothing Less Than Brilliant. Michelle Shocked (1962-), Short Sharp Shocked (album); incl. If Love Was a Train. Slayer, South of Heaven (album #4) (July 5) (#57 in the U.S.); incl. Mandatory Suicide. Patti Smith (1946-), Dream of Life (album #5) (June); back after a 9-year layoff; incl. People Have the Power. Information Society, Information Society (album #3); incl. What's On Your Mind (Pure Energy) (incl. samples from "Star Trek: TOS"), Lay All Your Love On Me, Repetition. Tracie Spencer (1976-), Tracie Spencer (album) (debut) (Jan. 16); incl. Hide and Seek, Symptoms of True Love, Imagine. The Smithereens, Green Thoughts (album) (Mar. 16); incl. Only a Memory. Soundgarden, Ultramega OK (album) (debut) (Oct. 31); first grunge band to sign with a major record label (A&M); from Seattle, Wash., incl. Chris Cornell (Christopher John Boyle) (1964-) (vocals), Kim Thayil (1960-) (guitar), Hiro Yamamoto (1961-)/Hunter Benedict "Ben" Shepherd (1968-) (bass), and Matthew David "Matt" Cameron (1962-) (bass); incl. Flower. Bruce Springsteen (1949-), Chimes of Freedom (album) (Aug.). Status Quo, Ain't Complaining (album #18) (June 14); incl. Burning Bridges. Rod Stewart (1945-), Out of Order (album #15) (May 23); incl. Lost in You, Forever Young, My Heart Can't Tell You No, Crazy About Her. The Sugarcubes, Life's Too Good (album) (debut) (Apr.); from Iceland; fronted by Bjork (Björk Gudmundsdóttir) (1965-); incl. Birthday (Ammaeli). Supertramp, Live '88 (album) (Oct.); next album in 1997. Survivor, Too Hot to Sleep (album #7); a flop, causing the band to tank; incl. Didn't Know It Was Love. Swans, Love Will Tear Us Apart (Red) (album #8); Love Will Tear Us Apart (Black). Talk Talk, Spirit of Eden (album #4) (Sept. 16); flops, although it's a hit with critics for its pioneering of the post-rock sound; incl. Eden. James Taylor (1948-), Never Die Young (album #12) (Jan.); incl. Never Die Young. Livingston Taylor (1950-), Life Is Good (album #6); incl. Life Is Good. Suicidal Tendencies, How Will I Laugh Tomorrow When I Can't Even Smile Today (album #3) (Sept. 13) (#111 in the U.S.); first Epic Records and guitarist Mike Clark; incl. How Will I Laugh Tomorrow When I Can't Even Smile Today, Trip at the Brain. Testament, The New Order (album #2) (May 10); incl. Trial by Fire, The Preacher. They Might Be Giants, Lincoln (album #2) (Sept. 25); named after their hometown of Lincoln, Mass.; Ana Ng, They'll Need a Crane, Purple Toupee. Tiffany (1971-), Hold An Old Friend's Hand (Nov.) (#17 in the U.S.); incl. All This Time (#10 in the U.S.); after this she drops off the charts in the Grunge era, while growing up and continuing to release albums. 'Til Tuesday, Everything's Different Now (album #3) (last); incl. J for Jules. Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), Symphony No. 4 ("Byzantium"). Four Tops, Indestructible (album); incl. Indestructible. Toto, The Seventh One (album #7) (Mar.); incl. Pamela, Stop Loving You, Mushanga. Randy Travis (1959-), Old 8x10 (album) (July 12); incl. Old 8x10. Cheap Trick, Lap of Luxury (album #10) (Apr. 12); incl. The Flame. Thompson Twins, The Best of Thompson Twins: Greatest Mixes (album). Bonnie Tyler (1951-), Hide Your Heart (Notes from America) (album #7). U2, Rattle and Hum (album #6) (Oct. 10) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); incl. Desire, Angel of Harlem, When Love Comes to Town, All I Want Is You. Underworld, Underneath the Radar (album) (debut) (Feb. 16); Karl Hyde, Rick Smith; incl. Underneath the Radar, Miracle Party, Rubber Ball (Space Kitchen). Vangelis (1943-), Direct (album). Milli Vanilli, All or Nothing (album) (debut) (Nov.); Milli Vanilli = Turkish for "positive energy"?; from Germany, incl. Fabrice "Fab" Morvan (1966-), Robert "Rob" Pilatus (1965-98); incl. Girl You Know It's True, All or Nothing. Great White, Recovery: Live! (album). Keith Whitley (1954-89), Don't Close Your Eyes (album #20 (May 31) (#8 country) (#121 in the U.S.); incl. Don't Close Your Eyes (#1 country), When You Say Nothing at All (#1 country), I'm No Stranger to the Rain (#1 country), I Never Go Around Mirrors (by Lefty Frizzell). Traveling Wilburys, Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 ' (album) (debut) (Oct. 18); "We'll bury recording errors in the mix"; George Harrison, Roy Orbison, Tom Petty, Bob Dylan, and Jeff Lynne; incl. Handle With Care/ Margarita (Oct.). Winger, Winger (album) (debut) (Aug. 21) (#21 in the U.S.); originally Sahara; from New York City, incl. Charles Frederick Kip Winger (1961-) (formerly with the Alice Cooper Band), Richard Earl "Reb" Beach Jr. (1963-), Paul Taylor (keyboards), and John Roth; incl. Headed for a Heartbreak (#19 in the U.S.), Seventeen (#26 in the U.S.). Tanya Tucker (1958-), If It Don't Come Easy (Feb.) (#1 country), Strong Enough to Bend (June) (#1 country). Steve Winwood (1948-), Roll With It (album #5) (June) (5M copies); incl. Roll With It (#1 in the U.S.), Don't You Know What the Night Can Do? (#6 in the U.S.), Holding On (#11 in the U.S.). Yello, Flag (album #6) (Nov. 1); incl. The Race (#7 in the U.K.), Blazing Saddles. Dwight Yoakam (1956-), Buenas Noches from a Lonely Room (album #3) (Aug. 2) (#1 country); incl. Buenas Noches from a Lonely Room (She Wore Red Dresses) (#46), Streets of Bakersfield (with Buck Owens) (#1), I Sang Dixie (#1), I Got You. Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, American Dream (album) (Nov. 3); incl. American Dream, Compass (David Crosby on how much time he wasted on drugs). Neil Young (1945-) and the Bluenotes, This Note's for You (album) (Apr. 12); Blue Note Cafe in Winnipeg, Man.; Eldorado (album) (Apr. 17); Freedom (Oct. 10); relaunches his career with Reprise; incl. Rockin' in the Free World, On Broadway. Frank Zappa (1940-93), Guitar (album) (Apr. 26); incl. Sexual Harassment in the Workplace, Watermelon in Easter Hay; You Can't Do That On Stage Anymore, Vol. 1/2 (album) (May 16/Oct. 25); Broadway the Hard Way (album) (Oct. 14); incl. Elvis Has Just Left the Building, Jesus Thinks You're a Jerk. Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (1939-), Symbolon. Movies: Ernest Thompson's 1969 (Nov. 18) stars Robert Downey Jr., Kiefer Sutherland, Winona Ryder, Mariette Hartley, Bruce Dern, and Joanna Cassidy in a nostalgic film about small-time opposition to the Vietnam War; does $6M box office on a $37M budget. Lawrence Kasdan's The Accidental Tourist (Dec. 23) (Warner Bros.), based on the 1985 Anne Tyler novel stars William Hurt as travel writer Macon Leary, who loses his 12-y.-o. son to a shooter in a fast food restaurant, causing his wife Sarah (Kathleen Turner) to leave him, allowing him to court animal hospital owner Muriel Pritchett (Geena Davis), until she gets jealous and tries to reconcile; Bill Pullman plays his publisher Julian, who falls for Rose Leary (Amy Wyatt). Terry Gilliam's The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (Dec. 8) (Allied Filmmakers) (Columbia Pictures) stars John Neville as the Baron of the Tall Tales in a film that somehow says goodbye to the 1980s?; Sarah Polley plays Sally Salt; Eric Idle plays Berthold/Desmond; Jonathan Pryce plays the Right Ordinary Horatio Jackson; Oliver Reed plays Vulcan; does $8M box office in the U.S. and way better in Europe on a $46.6M budget. Graham Baker's Alien Nation (20th Cent. Fox) (Oct. 7) stars James Caan as human police detective Matthew Sykes, and Mandy Patinkin as Newcomer alien detective Sykes, who police a future Los Angeles that's trying to integrate an alien race from the planet Tencton, who love to drink rotten milk, and whose big weakness is that salt water burns; does $32M at the box office, causing the Alien Nation TV series to be launched on Sept. 18, 1989 for 22 episodes (until May 7, 1990), set in Los Angeles, Calif., starring Gary Graham as human detective Matthew Sikes, and Eric Pierpoint as Newcomer detective George Francisco, who has the hots for female Newcomer Cathy Frankel (Terri Treas). Paul Mones' The Beat (The Conjurer) (June 3) stars David Jacobson as Rex Voorhas Ormine, a new kid in a tough neighborhood who tries to teach poetry to gangs; stars William McNamara as Billy Kand, and Kara Glover as Kate Kane. Tim Burton's Beetlejuice (Mar. 30)(Geffen Film Co.) (Warner Bros.) stars Michael Keaton (Michael John Douglas) (1951-) as poltergeist Betelgeuse, who has fun with recently deceased couple Barbara and Adam Maitland (Geena Davis and Alec Baldwin), who haunt their former home and its new inhabitants Delia, Charles, and Lydia Deetz (Catherine O'Hara, Jeffrey Jones, and Winona Ryder); does $73.7M box office on a $15M box office. "The name in laughter from the hereafter." Penny Marshall's Big (June 3) (Gracie Films) (20th Cent. Fox) stars Tom Hanks as 13-y.-o. boy Josh Baskin, who is turned by the Zoltar Machine into a man, and has to deal with his boss Mr. MacMillan (Robert Loggia) and girlfriend Susan Lawrence (Elizabeth Perkins); David Moscow plays young Josh; Jared Rushton plays his boy pal Billy Kopecki; Carole Penny Marshall (1943-2018) becomes the first film dir. by a woman to gross $100M at the box Office; Hanks got the role after Steven Guttenberg turned it down; features the big piano playing scene; watch trailer - this Rod Serling clone flick took till the end of the 1980s? Clint Eastwood's Bird (Sept. 30) (Warner Bros.), written by Joel Oliansky stars Forest Whitaker as Charlie "Bird" Parker, Samuel E. Wright as Dizzy Gillespie, and Diane Venora as Parker's wife Chan; does $2.2M box office on a $14.4M budget. Ron Shelton's Bull Durham (June 15) (Orion Pictures) stars Kevin Costner as over-the-hill minor league pitcher Crash Davis, Timothy Francis "Tim" Robbins (1958-) in his breakthrough role as tall dumb promising rookie pitcher Ebby Calvin "Nuke" LaLoosh ("A million dollar arm and a 5-cent head"), and Susan Sarandon as aging baseball groupie Annie Savoy, who beds one lucky plucker each season, and tries her poetry out on Robbins (her real-life partner) while looking over her shoulder at Crash; does $51M box office on a $7M budget; "There's never been a ballplayer who slept with me who didn't have the best year of his career"; "A romantic comedy about America's other favorite pastime." Keith Gordon's The Chocolate War (Nov. 18), based on the 1974 Robert Cormier novel stars John Glover as Brother Leon; dir. debut of "Christine" actor Keith Gordon (1961-). Tom Holland's Chucky (Nov. 9) (MGM/UA), written by Don Mancini and filmed at the landmark Brewster Apts. in Chicago at Diversey and Pine Grove stars the voice of Brad Dourif as Chucky (Charles Lee Ray) (puppetry by Brock Winkless), a voodoo serial killer who transfered his soul into a Good Guys doll after his archenemy Det. Mike Norris (Chris Sarandon) killed him, and frames 6-y.-o. Andy Barclay (Alex Vincent) for his crimes, freaking out his widowed mother Karen Barclay (Catherine Hicks), who gave him the doll for his birthday; does $44.2M box office on a $9M budget; spawns the Child's Play Franchise, incl. "Child's Play 2" (1990), "Child's Play 3" (1991), "Bride of Chucky" (1998), "Seed of Chucky" (2004), "Curse of Chucky" (2013), and Cult of Chucky (2017). Dennis Hopper's Colors (Apr. 15) (Orion Pictures) stars Sean Penn as rookie LAPD CRASH Officer Danny "Pac-Man" McGavin of the LAPD Rampart Div. in gang-ridden South Central Los Angeles and East Los Angeles, Robert Duvall as his veteran partner Officer Bob Hodges, and Maria Conchita Alsonso as Penn's babe Louisa Gomez, showing how the cops are above the law as they take on the Bloods, Crips, and Hispanic street gangs; "Two bulls are up on the hill staring down upon their herd. The young bull says to the old bull, 'Hey let's run down there real quick and fuck one of those cows!' The old bull says 'Nah, lets walk down... and fuck em all'"; $46.6M box office on a $10M budget. Fred Schepisi's A Cry in the Dark (Evil Angels) (Nov. 11), based on the 1985 John Bryson novel "Evil Angels" stars Meryl Streep as Lindy Chamberlain, mother of 9-week-old Azaria Chamberlain, who disappeared from a campground near Uluru, Australia on Aug. 17, 1980, after which she utters the soundbyte "A dingo's got my bye-bee" (not "A dingo's ate my bye-bee"?); Sam Neill plays the bye-bee's daddy Mike. Krzysztof Kieslowski's The Decalogue is a set of 10 1-hour films made for TV, each with a different cinematographer, illustrating the Ten Commandments with modern stories set in Poland. John McTiernan's Die Hard (July 12) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the 1979 novel "Nothing Lasts Forever" by Roderick Thorp, the sequel to his 1966 novel "The Detective", set on Christmas Eve at the Nakatomi Corp. HQ in Los Angeles, Calif. stars Bruce Willis (after Frank Sinatra, Arnold Schwarzenegger et al. turn it down) as NYPD officer John McClane, who fights a gang of 12 criminals led by Hans Gruber (Alan Rickman) and his henchman Karl (Alexander Godunov) after they take the skyscraper and attempt to steal $640M in bonds then fake their deaths and earn 20%; Bonnie Bedelia plays McClane's wife Holly; Reginald VelJohnson plays Sgt. A. Powell; "Yipee-kai-yay muthafucka"; when Pres. Regan leaves office he gets an office in the same skyscraper; spawns "Die Hard 2" (1990), "Die Hard with a Vengeance" (1995), "Live Free or Die Hard" (2007), and "A Good Day to Die Hard" (2013); "40 stories of sheer adventure"; "Twelve terrorists. One cop. The odds are against John McClane... That's just the way he likes it"; makes Willis an A-lister; does $140.7M on a $28M budget; spawns sequels incl. "Die Hard 2" (1990), "Die Hard with a Vengeance" (1995), "Live Free or Die Hard" (2007), and "A Good Day to Die Hard (2013); Terence Davies' Distant Voices, Still Lives (Sept. 29), based on Davies' life and produced by Jennifer Howarth consists of two films shot two years apart, about a working-class Roman Catholic family in Liverpool during the 1940s and 1950s and their consumption of popular music and cinema, starring Pete Postlethwaite as Father, Freda Dowie as Mother, and Lorraine Ashbourne as Maisie; "Memories are the sound of distant voices, and the echoes of still lives"; "In memory, everything happens to music". Julien Temple's Earth Girls Are Easy (De Laurentiis) (Vestron Pictures) (Sept. 8) based on the 1984 song by Julie Brown is about three furry aliens Wiploc (red) (Jim Carrey), Zeebo (yellow) (Damon Wayans), and Mac (blue) (Jeff Goldblum), who get attracted by Valley Girl Valerie Gail (Geena Davis); does only $3.9M box office on a $10M budget; "An out-of-this-world, down-to-earth comedy adventure." Charles Crichton's A Fish Called Wanda (July 15) (MGM), written by Monty Python man John Cleese is about four thieves trying to retrieve $20M they've stolen from a safe deposit box; meanwhile barrister Archie Leach (Cleese) falls in love with female thief Wanda Gershwitz (Jamie Lee Curtis), and Otto (Kevin Kline) has a problem with stuttering and dead doggies; Maria Aitken plays Cleese's wife Wendy; does $62.5M box office; "A tale of murder, lust, greed, revenge, and seafood." Roman Polanski's Frantic (Feb. 26) stars Harrison Ford as Am. surgeon Richard Walker, who visits his wife for a medical conference and picks up the wrong suitcase at the airport, after which she is kidnapped and he goes looking for her; film debut of Emmanuelle Seigner (1966-), who marries Polanski on Aug. 30, 1989. Barry Levinson's Good Morning, Vietnam (Jan. 15) (Buena Vista Pictures) stars Robin Williams as Saigon DJ Adrian Cronauer (1938-), who delivers high wit ad-libs while questioning the war at the expense of flack from the brass, and chases a Vietnamese girl whose brother is a Viet Cong; "Time to rock it from the Delta to the DMZ"; also features J.T. Walsh and Bruno Kirby; does $123.9M box office on a $13M budget; "You don't know whether you've been shot, fucked, powder-burned, or snakebit." Michael Apted's Gorillas in the Mist: The Story of Dian Fossey (Sept. 23) stars Sigourney Weaver as Am. primatologist Dian Fossey (1932-85), who was brutally murdered in Rwanda while trying to save the gorillas. Howard Deutch's The Great Outdoors (June 17) (Universal Pictures), filmed on location in Bass Lake, Calif. stars Dan Aykroyd as investment broker Roman Craig and Annette Bening in her film debut as Kate "Katie" Craig, who invite themselves to the summer cabin of Roman's brother Chester "Chet" Ripley (John Candy) and Connie Ripley (Stephanie Faracy) in Pechoggin, Wisc.; does $43.4M box office on a $24M budget. John Waters' Hairspray (Feb. 16) (Palace Pictures) (New Line Cinema) stars Divine (his last film) as tubby mother Edna Turnblad, Ricki Lake as Edna's daughter Tracy, and Colleen Fitzpatrick as Velma Von Tussle in a zany barely mainstream musical about racism in a TV dance show in 1962 Baltimore, where 60s music is "the only remedy to today's Hit Parade of Hell"; stars Debbie Harry as Velma Von Tussle, Sonny Bono as Franklin Von Tussle, Jerry Stiller as Wilbur Turnblad, Leslie Ann Powers as Penelope "Penny" Pingleton, and John Waters as pshrink Dr. Frederickson; does $8.3M box office on a $2M budget; refilmed in 2007. Marcel Ophuls' Hotel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie (Oct. 6) is a documentary about the Butcher of Lyon and his 40-year escape from justice while being harbored by govts. supposedly trying to catch him. Mark Rosenthal's The In Crowd (Feb. 13) (Orion Pictures) stars Joe Pantoliano as Philly rock & roll dance-show host Perry Parker, and Donovan Leitch (son of singer Donovan) as honor student Del Green, who dreams with dancing with Vicky (Jennifer Runyon), although she's in love with her dancing partner Dugan (Scott Plank); does $124.8K box office. Stephen Chiodo's Killer Klowns from Outer Space (Trans World Entertainment) (June 3) cheesefully promotes clownphobia with a cool title tune by the Dickies, and continues the film slander of ice cream truck salesmen; does ? box office on a $1.8M budget; "See the rubber nose on the painted face bringing genocide to the human race"; "Their cakey white faces and yellow eyes and dingy teeth were tormenting me"; "Whadya gonna do, knock my block off?" - one of TLW's all-time favorites, inspiring his 1998 novel "Interdimensional Clownz"? Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ (Aug. 12) (Cineplex Odeon Films) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1955 Nikos Kazantzakis novel stars Willem Dafoe as Jesus of Nazareth, who begs to be let off the cross so he can go back to a normal life and have a babe and kids, while a Peter Gabriel score rocks the background?; voice of the Devil by English playwright Leo Marks (1920-2001); its debut stirs bitter protests from humorless Christians - by 2006 Dan Brown's flick only gets minor protests? William Lustig's Maniac Cop (May 13) (Shapiro-Glickenhaus Entertainment), about a serial murderer ex-cop stars Bruce Campbell as Richard Roundtree as Commissioner Pike, William Smith as Capt. Ripley, Officer Jack W. Forrest Jr. and Robert Z'Dar as Officer Matthew Cordell; "You have the right to remain silent... forever"; does $671.3K budget on a $1.1M budget, becoming a cult film; followed by "Maniac Cop 2" (1990), "Maniac Cop III: Badge of Silence" (1993). Robert Redford's The Milagro Beanfield War (Mar. 18), based on the John Nicholas novel stars Ruben Blades, Sonia Braga, Julie Carmen, Melanie Griffith, and Christopher Walken. Donald Petrie's Mystic Pizza (Oct. 21), about a pizza parlor in Mystic, Conn. staffed by Julia Roberts, Annabeth Gish, and Lili Taylor as sisters Daisy, Kat, and Jojo Arujo; makes Julia Fiona Roberts (1967-) (sister of Eric Roberts) a star. David Zucker's The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! (Dec. 2) stars Leslie Nielsen as Lt. Drebin, and features O.J. Simpson; banned in Iran for containing a skit with Ayatollah Khomeini wearing an orange mohawk. Godfrey Reggio's Powaqqatsi: Life in Transformation (Apr. 29) is a sequel to "Koyaanisqatsi" (1983); followed by "Naqoyqatsi" (2002). Barry Levinson's Rain Man (Dec. 16) (United Artists) (MGM) stars Tom Cruise as self-centered Charlie Babbit, and Dustin Hoffman as his older autistic brother Raymond, based on real-life autistic savant ("living Google") Kim Peek (1951-); it becomes a big hit, taking autism from a virtually unknown ailment to a million diagnoses in 10 years; does $354.8M box office on a $25M budget; "Ten minutes to Wapner"; "K-Mart sucks". Ramon Menendez's Stand and Deliver (Feb. 13) (Warner Bros.), based on a true story stars Edward James Olmos as Bolivian-born teacher Jaime Alfonso Escalante Gutierrez (1930-2010), who makes it cool for Hispanic kids to study calculus in East L.A. barrio Garfield H.S. until they get high marks on the AP exam, only to be treated with white supremacist suspicion and accused of cheating; does $13.9M box office on a $1.6M budget. John Carpenter's They Live (Nov. 4) (Alive Films) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1963 story "Eight O'Clock in the Morning" by Ray Nelson stars Wrestlemania star "Rowdy" Roddy Piper as L.A. drifter Nada, who finds some special sunglasses and discovers that the govt. and society are run by reptilian aliens in disguise; also stars Keith David as Frank Armigate, and Meg Foster as Holly Thompson; does $13M box office on a $3M budget; "I have come here to chew bubble gum and kick ass, and I'm all out of bubble gum." Frank Coraci's The Wedding Singer (Feb. 13) stars Adam Sandler as Robbie Hart, and Drew Barrymore as Julia Sullivan; Sandler's first romantic role. Philip Kaufman's The Unbearable Lightness of Being (Feb. 5), based on the 1984 Milan Kundera novel stars Daniel Day-Lewis Daniel Michael Blake Day-Lewis (1957-) (son of British poet laureate Cecil Day-Lewis) as horny Czech brain surgeon Tomas in 1968, who gets it on with artist Sabina (Lena Olin) and waitress Tereza (Juliette Binoche) at the same time, after which they suffer through the Soviet invasion of Prague and end up in Switzerland, where the babes strip each other to take pictures without going lez. Michael Radford's White Mischief (May), based on the James Fox novel about the decadence of British colonists in Kenya between WWI and WWI and the murder of the playboy 22nd Earl of Erroll in 1941 (Happy Valley murder case) stars Greta Scacchi, Charles Dance, Joss Ackland, Sarah Miles, John Hurt, Hugh Grant et al., and is the last screen appearance of Trevor Howard. Robert Zemeckis' Who Framed Roger Rabbit (June 22) (Touchstone Pictures) (Amblin Entertainment) (Buena Vista Pictures) ("It's the story of a man, a woman and a rabbit in a triangle of trouble"), adapted from "Who Censored Roger Rabbit?" by Gary K. Wold combines live stars Bob Hoskins, Christopher Lloyd et al. with "toons" in a film noir; the answer is Judge Doom; Roger is a crazed bug-eyed stuttering toon married to sultry, voluptuous lounge singer Jessica Rabbit (Klathleen Turner) in 1940s Los Angeles; "I'm not bad, I'm just drawn that way"; "Listen, my philosophy is this: If you don't have a good sense of humor, you're better off dead"; does $329.8M box office on a $50.6M budget. Pedro Almodovar's Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (Hysteria) (Mujeres al Borde de un Ataque de Nervios) (Mar. 23) stars Carmen Maura and Antonio Banderas, making Almodovar an internat. star. Mike Nichols' Working Girl (Dec. 21) (20th Cent. Fox), written by Kevin Wade is a New York City business world Cinderella story starring Melanie Griffith (1957-) (daughter of Tippie Hedren) as Tess McGill, whose scheming faux high-class boss Katharine Parker (Sigourney Weaver) breaks a leg skiing, giving her a free pass to impersonate her and move on up while stealing her boyfriend Jack Trainer (Harrison Ford) and dumping tattooed tomcat boyfriend Mick Dugan (Alec Baldwin); Joan Cusack (as Cyn) plays the sidelines office cheerleader; Philip Bosco plays savior boss Oren Trask, who gives "boney ass" Parker the boot, and a promotion to Tess for the happiest ending for women in the working world ever, albeit the message is that men are still the big boss; "I have a head for business and a bod for sin, is there anything wrong with that?"; "I can't believe it, she's out, she made it out, she got out!"; does $102M box office on a $28.6M budget. Christopher Cain's Young Guns (Aug. 12) (Morgan Creek Productions) (20th Cent. Fox), a ripoff of "The Wild Bunch" written by John Fusco and set during the 1877-8 Lincoln County War in N.M. recycles young handsome Brat Packers Emilio Estevez as Billy the Kid, Kiefer Sutherland as Josiah Gordon "Doc" Scurlock, Charlie Sheen as Richard "Dick" Brewer, Lou Diamond Phillips as Jose Chavez y Chavez, and Dermot Mulroney as Dirty Steve Stephens; Terence Stamp plays cattle rancher John Tunstall; does $45.6M box office on an $11M budget; followed by "Young Guns II" (1990). Plays: Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Heldenplatz (Burgtheater, Vienna); an Austrian Jewish family faces anti-Semitism; named after the the Vienna square where Nazi supporters gathered to greet Hitler in 1938. Howard Brenton (1942-), Greenland (Royal Court Theatre, London) (May 26); last of his Utopian Trilogy ("Sore Throats", "Bloody Poetry); after a Conservative V, four chars. jump into the Thames, and the rest wake up 700 years in the future in a utopia. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), The Hour of the Lynx (I Lodjurets Timma). Dario Fo (1926-), The Zeedonk and the Shoe. Horton Foote (1916-), The Habitation of Dragons (Pittsburgh). Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Hunger. David Hare (1947-), The Secret Rapture (London) (Oct.); the moment when the nun becomes the bride of Christ; Isobel Glass and her sister Marion care for alcoholic stepmother Katherine. Israel Horovitz (1939-), The Chopin Playoffs; two Jewish families in Canada. David Henry Hwang (1957-), M. Butterfly; a rewrite of Puccini's "Madame Butterfly", about the French diplomat who carries on a 20-year affair with a Chinese opera singer who was a man pretending to be a woman, until he figures it out in 1986, and is charged with treason for passing info. to the Chinese govt. Tony Kushner (1956-), The Illusion (New York); adapted from Pierre Corneille's 1636 play "L'Illusion Comique". Craig Lucas (1951-), Prelude to a Kiss; Peter loves the roller coaster sign "Ride at Your Own Risk", and Rita. David Mamet (1947-), Speed-the-Plow (Royale Theatre, New York) (May 3); a schlub takes a $500 bet to bed Bambi-like secy. Karen, played by Madonna in her Broadway debut. Frank McGuinness (1953-), Times in It(Abbey Theatre, Dublin); Carthaginians (Abbey Theatre, Dublin). Robert Patrick (1937-), Untold Decades: Seven Comedies of Gay Romance; a humorous history of gay male life in the U.S. Tom Stoppard (1937-), Hapgood. Martin Walser (1927-), Breakers; No Man's Land. Michael Weller (1942-), Spoils of War; Eisenhower-era 16-y.-o. Martin tries to reunite his radical mother Elise and absentee father Andrew, whom he wants to take her "dancing on the roof that hotel in Brooklyn, like the old days." Poetry: Paul Benjamin Auster (1947-), Disappearances: Selected Poems. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), Osservazioni sul Volo Degli Uccelli, Poesie 1954-56. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), June 30th, June 30th (posth.). William Bronk (1918-99), Death Is the Place. Rene Char (1907-88), Eloge d'une Soupconnee (Soupçonnée). Billy Collins (1941-), The Apple That Astonished Paris. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), The Company; The Window; 7 & 6. Robert Edward Duncan (1919-88), Ground Work II: In the Dark; pub. 2 mo. before his death. George Fetherling (1949-), Rites of Alienation. Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), The One Day. Odysseus Elytis (1911-96), The Little Mariner. Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), The Sounds of Rain. Philip Larkin (1922-85), Collected Poems (posth.); ed. Anthony Thwaite. William Matthews (1942-97), Sleek for the Long Flight. W.S. Merwin (1927-), The Rain in the Trees (Mar. 12); Selected Poems. Charles Norman (1904-96), The Hornbeam Tree and Other Poems (Apr.). Linda Pastan (1932-), The Imperfect Paradise. Ishmael Reed (1938-), New and Collected Poems. Dave Smith (1942-), Three Poems. Cathy Song (1955-), Frameless Windows, Squares of Light. Diane Wakoski (1937-), Emerald Ice: Selected Poems 1962-1987. Richard Wilbur (1921-2017), New and Collected Poems (Pulitzer Prize). C.K. Williams (1936-), Poems, 1963-1983. Charles Wright (1935-), Zone Journals. Novels: Edward Paul Abbey (1927-89), The Fool's Progress: An Honest Novel (Aug. 15); his alter ego Lightcap. Alice Adams (1926-99), Second Chances. Isabel Allende (1942-), The Stories of Eva Luna Jorge Amado (1912-2001), The War of the Saints (O Sumico da Santa); a religious statue comes to life in Bahia, Brazil. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Cat's Eye (Sept.); painter Elaine Risley explores her childhood and teenie years to construct her identity. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The Golden Calves. Francisco Ayala (1906-2009), The Garden of Earthly Malice (El Jardin de las Malicias) (short stories). Iain M. Banks (1954-2013), The Player of Games; makes a fan of Elon Musk, who names his SpaceX autonomous spaceport drone ships "Just Read the Instructions" and "Of Course I Still Love You". J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Running Wild, about Pangbourne Village 30 mi. outside of London, and Memories of the Space Age (short stories). Clive Barker (1952-), Cabal. Frederick Barthelme (1943-), Two Against One. Thomas Berger (1924-), The Houseguest; Chuck Burgoyne. Maeve Binchy (1940-), Silver Wedding. Michael Blake (1945-), Dances With Wolves; U.S. Civil war Lt. John Dunbar arrives at Ft. Segewick and goes injun with the Sioux; filmed in 1990 starring Kevin Costner. T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948-), World's End; his hometown of Peekskill, N.Y. Barbara Taylor Bradford (1933-), To Be the Best; #3 in the Emma Harte trilogy. Anita Brookner (1928-), Latecomers; Fibich abandons his parents in Nazi Germany to goto England. David Jay Brown and Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Brainchild; a neurosci-fi novel. John Brunner (1934-95), Children of the Thunder; a swipe on the world of Margaret Thatcher. Lois McMaster Bujold (1949-), Falling Free; the genetically-modified 4-armed 0-legged zero-gravity human slave Quaddies become obsolete and make a break for it. James Lee Burke (1936-), Heaven's Prisoners. Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006), Adulthood Rites; sequel to "Dawn"; Lilith Iyapo and her human son Akin. Raymond Carver (1938-88), Where I'm Calling From (short stories). Michael Chabon (1963-), The Mysteries of Pittsburgh (first novel) (Apr.); Art Bechstein falls in love with Arthur Lecomte and Phlox Lombardi; filmed in 2009. Bruce Chatwin (1940-89), Utz; art dealer Kaspar Utz. Tom Clancy (1947-2013), The Cardinal of the Kremlin; longtime high-ranking double-agent Filitov in the Soviet Union is exposed, and Jack Ryan has to get him out, along with Gerasimov, head of the KGB, to whom they make an offer he can't refuse. Paul Coelho (1947-), The Pilgrimage; The Alchemist; internat. bestseller (30M copies); young Andalusian shepherd Santiago journeys o Egypt after a recurring dream of finding treasure there; "When you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it." Jackie Collins (1937-2015), Rock Star. Laurie Colwin (1944-92), Another Marvelous Thing. Richard Condon (1915-96), Prizzi's Glory. Robin Cook (1940-), Mortal Fear; Dr. Alvin Hayes and his stripper babe Carol Donner track the mystery of deaths by aging. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Harrogate Secret; Freddie; The Cultured Handmaiden. Robert Cormier (1925-2000), Fade. Jim Crace (1946-), The Gift of Stones. Harry Crews (1935-), The Knockout Artist. Clive Cussler (1931-),Treasure; Dirk Pitt #9. Roald Dahl (1916-90) and Quentin Blake (1932-), Matilda (Oct. 1); precocious practical joker Matilda astounds her teacher Miss Jennifer Honey, who tries in vain to get her moved ahead until she discovers that she has the power of telekinesis; filmed in 1996 starring Mara Wilson. Robertson Davies (1913-95), The Lyre of Orpheus; 3rd in the Cornish Trilogy. Len Deighton (1929-), Spy Line. Allen Drury (1918-98), The Destiny Makers. Andre Dubus (1936-99), Selected Stories (short stories). Allan W. Eckert (1931-), Twilight of Empire. Umberto Eco (1932-), Foucault's Pendulum. George Alec Effinger (1947-2002), Schrodinger's Kitten. Harlan Ellison (1934-), Angry Candy (short stories). James Ellroy (1948-), The Big Nowhere. Paul Emil Erdman (1932-2007), The Palace (Oct. 1); Danny Lehman rises to casino owner in Atlantic City. Louise Erdrich (1954-), Tracks. Frederick Exley (1928-92), Last Notes from Home. Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Pledge. Jonathan Fast (1948-), The Jade Stalk. Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000), The Beginning of Spring; Frank Reid's wife leaves him in 1913, and the children stay with him. Janet Frame (1924-2004), The Carpathians (last novel). Jonathan Franzen (1959-), The Twenty-Seventh City; the fall from grace of "fourth city" St. Louis, Mo. in the 1870s. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Lady Macbeth (Henri Castang #10). Alan Furst (1941-), Night Soldiers; first in a series about the Spanish Civil War. Susan Elizabeth George (1949-), A Great Deliverance (first novel); Scotland Yard inspector Thomas Lynley, Lord Asherton, and his asst. Barbara Havers, girlfriend Lady Helen Clyde, and friends Simon and Deborah St. James. William Gibson (1948-), Mona Lisa Overdrive; Sprawl Trilogy #3; Mona, Angie Mitchell, Kumiko, Sally Shears, Slick Henry, Count Bobby Newmark. Joanne Greenberg (1932-), Of Such Small Differences; deaf-blind John Moon and bus driver Leda Martin. John Grisham (1955-), A Time to Kill (first novel); first printing 5K copies. Judith Guest (1936-) and Rebecca Hill, Killing Time in St. Cloud. Ursula Le Guin (1929-), Buffalo Gals, Won't You Come Out Tonight. Jane Hamilton (1957-), The Book of Ruth (first novel); Ruth Grey. Peter Handke (1942-), Repetition. Thomas Harris (1940-), The Silence of the Lambs; Hannibal the Cannibal Lecter helps FBI agent Clarice Starling solve the serial murderer case of Buffalo Bill, but requires quid pro quo so he can mess with her mind - mute muttons? Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Dalva. John Hawkes (1925-98), Whistlejacket. Tony Hillerman (1925-2008), A Thief of Time. S.E. Hinton (1950-), Taming the Star Runner. Peter Hoeg (1957-), The History of Danish Dreams (first novel). Janette Turner Hospital (1942-), Charades. Susan Isaacs (1943-), Shining Through; 31-y.-o. secy. Linda Voss goes with her Wall St. boss John Berringer on a secret mission to Nazi Germany; filmed in 1992 by David Seltzer. Elfriede Jelinek, The Piano Teacher (English trans.). Ismail Kadare (1936-), The Concert; Albana v. Communist China. Molly Keane (1905-96), Loving and Giving (Queen Lear). Thomas Keneally (1935-), Act of Grace (pub. under alias William Coyle). William Joseph Kennedy (1928-), Quinn's Book. Kenneth Koch (1925-2002), Hotel Lambosa (short stories). Dean Koontz (1945-), Lightning. Judith Krantz (1928-), Till We Meet Again. Pascal Laine (1942-), Les Petites Egarees. Emma Lathen, Something in the Air; John Putnam Thatcher #20. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Freaky Deaky; ex-bomb squad member Chris Mankowski in Detroit, Mich. Don DeLillo (1936-), Libra; JFK and Lee Harvey Oswald. Doris Lessing (1919-2013), The Fifth Child. Gordon Lish (1934-), Mourner at the Door (short stories); "I like talking about people sitting on toilets." Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), In Praise of the Stepmother. Robert Ludlum (1927-2001),, The Icarus Agenda. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Fountain and Tomb: Hakayat Haretna; a next-door neighbor observed. Bobbie Ann Mason (1940-), Spence and Lila. William Keepers Maxwell Jr. (1908-2000), Five Tales (short stories). Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Exits and Entrances; #2 in the Time 2 Quarter, about Columbia Falls, Maine. Larry McMurtry (1936-), Anything for Billy; Billy the Kid. Jay McInerney (1955-), The Story of My Life. James A. Michener (1907-97), Alaska; Journey; a doomed British trek in the 1897 Klondike Gold Rush. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Recovery. Mary McGarry Morris (1943-), Vanished (first novel); Vt. road crew worker Aubrey Wallace is lured into the woods by evil enchantress Dottycute, and ends up travelling with her for five years with kidnapped child Canny. Patrick Modiano (1945-), Catherine Certitude. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Rumpole and the Age of Miracles; Summer's Lease. Katherine Neville (1945-), The Eight; internat. bestseller; computer expert Catherine Velis searches for the Montglane Chess Set, originally owned by Charlemagne, given to him by guess how many Moors, then hidden away in Aix-la-Chapelle or Montglane Abbey, causing every big brain from Voltaire (1694-1778), Newton, Rousseau, Robespierre, Euler, James Boswell (1740-95), Ben Franklin, Benedict Arnold, Talleyrand, Andre Philidor, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Casanova, even Napoleon and Tsar Paul I to search for it in the belief that it contains the formula for the Philosopher's Stone and eternal life - here comes the jealousy bug? Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), You Must Remember This. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), The Letter of Marque; Aubrey-Maturin #12. Edna O'Brien (1930-), The High Road. Cynthia Ozick (1928-), The Messiah of Stockholm (Feb. 12); Swedish book reviewer Lars Andeming, son of Polish writer Bruno Schulz uncovers a mysterious ms. Sara Paretsky (1947-), Blood Shot; V.I. Warshawski #5. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), A Rare Benedictine (short stories); Brother Cadfael. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), Crimson Joy; Spenser #15. Marge Piercy (1936-), Gone to Soldiers (Apr. 12); six women and four men during WWII. Frederik Pohl (1919-), Narabedla Ltd. (Aldebaran backwards); about an alien corp. run by human agents. Richard Powers (1957-), Prisoner's Dilemma; Artie Hobson describes his tyrannical father. Reynolds Price (1933-), Good Hearts; Rosacoke Mustian's hubby Wesley Beavers faces a midlife crisis. Francine Prose (1947-), Women and Children First (short stories). James Purdy (1914-2009), The Candles of Your Eyes (short stories). John Rechy (1934-), Marilyn's Daughter (July); 18-y.-o. Normalyn believes she's the daughter of Marilyn Monroe and Bobby Kennedy. Anne Rice (1941-2021), The Queen of the Damned; #3 in the Vampire Chronicles. Kim Stanley Robinson (1952-), The Gold Coast; an alternate future Calif. Salman Rushdie (1947-), The Satanic Verses; suggests that the Quran was inspired by both a good and an evil angel, causing a death fatwah (holy hit) to be put out on him on Feb. 14, 1989 by Ayatollah Khomeini, making it a bestseller without having to be credited to Sidney Sheldon?; Prince Charles refuses to support Rushdie because it "insults someone else's deepest convictions"; Gibreel Farishta and Saladin Chamcha fall to earth after their plane is blown up by terrorists; "'To be born again', sang Gibreel Farishta tumbling from the heavens, 'first you have to die. Ho ji! Ho ji! To land upon the bosomy earth, first one needs to fly. Tat-taa! Takathun!" (opening lines) - slur, a man hides? Richard Russo (1949-), The Risk Pool; Sam Hall's boy Ned. James Salter (1925-), Dusk and Other Stories. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), Timothy's Game. Thomas Savage (1915-), The Corner of Rife and Pacific. Melissa Scott (1960-) and Lisa A. Barnett (1958-2006), Armor of Light. Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007), The Sands of Time. Anne Rivers Siddons (1936-), Peachtree Road; bestseller (1M copies); "The Southern novel for our generation" (Pat Conroy); filmed in 1989 as "Heart of Dixie"; Shepard Gibbs "Shep" Bondurant III, his cousin Lucy Bondurant Chastain Venable, and his babe Sarah Cameron, all of Buckland, Atlanta. Robert Silverberg (1935-), At Winter's End. Jane Smiley (1949-), The Greenlanders. Lee Smith (1944-), Fair and Tender Ladies. Muriel Spark (1918-2006), A Far Cry from Kensington. Elizabeth Spencer (1921-), Jack of Diamonds and Other Stories. LaVyrle Spencer (1943-), Vows (Apr. 1). Norman Spinrad (1940-), Other Americas (short stories). Christopher Stasheff (1944-), The Warlock's Companion. Danielle Steel (1947-), Zoya; Zoya Osspov, relative of Tsar Nicholas II marries New Yorker Capt. Clayton Andrews. Wallace Stegner (1909-83), The American West as Living Space (short stories) (Jan. 1). Neal Town Stephenson (1959-), Zodiac: The Eco-Thriller. Bruce Sterling (1954-), Islands in the Net; set in Internet-capable 2023-25, where Col. Jonathan Gresham's "The Lawrence Doctrine and Postindustrial Insurgency" is banned, and people are tired of the U.S. and Soviet dominating the world, with the soundbyte "Let us cut out the middleman." Patrick Suskind (1949-), The Pigeon. Graham Swift (1949-), Out of This World. Jim Thompson (1906-77), Fireworks: The Lost Writings of Jim Thompson (posth.) (July). Roderick Thorp (1936-99), Devlin. Harry Turtledove (1949-), A Different Flesh; Europe conquers North Am.; Noninterference. Anne Tyler (1941-), Breathing Lessons (Pulitzer Prize). Adam Bruno Ulam (1922-2000), The Kirov Affair; the Soviet Union in the 1930s. Barry Unsworth (1930-2012), Sugar and Rum. Leon Uris (1924-2003), Mitla Pass. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Golden Room. Fay Weldon (1931-), Leader of the Band. Paul West (1930-), The Place in Flowers Where Pollen Rests; The Universe and Other Fictions (short stories). Edmund White (1940-), The Beautiful Room Is Empty; vol. 2 of his gay autobio. trilogy. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Coincidance: A Head Test. Al Young (1939-), Seduction by Light; Mamie Franklin's hubby returns as a ghost. Births: Am. auto racer John R. "Captain America" Hildebrand Jr. on Jan. 3 in Sausalito, Calif. Am. "Molly Hartley in The Haunting of Molly Hartley", "Emma Cullen in The Magnificent Seven" actress Haley Bennett (Haley Loraine Keeling) on Jan. 7 in Fort Myers, Fla.; grows up in Naples, Fla. and Ohio. Am. musician Skrillex (Sonny John Moore) on Jan. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. German 5'8" tennis player Angelique Kerber on Jan. 18 in Bremen; grows up in Kiel, Germany. Am. 7'0" basketball player (black) (Portland Trail Blazers #52, 2007-12) (Miami Heat #20, 2013-4) Gregory Wayne "Greg" Oden Jr. on Jan. 22 in Buffalo, N.Y.; educated at Ohio State U. English singer-songwriter-actress (black) Jade Almarie Louise Ewen (Sugarbabes) on Jan. 24 in Plaistow, London; Scottish-Sicilian father, Jamaican mother. Am. 5'0" Olympic gymnast Carly Rae Patterson on Feb. 4 in Baton Ruge, La. Am. 6'2" football QB (Detroit Lions #9, 2009) John Matthew Stafford on Feb. 7 in Tampa, Fla.; educated at the U. of Ga. Am. "Patton Chase in Quintuplets" actor Ryan Pinkston on Feb. 8 in Silver Spring, Md. British "Padma Patil in Harry Potter" actress (Muslim) Afshan Azad on Feb. 12 in Longsight, Manchester; of Bangladeshi descent. Am. 6'0" football RB (Dallas Cowboys #29, 2011-4) (Philadelphia Eagles #29, 2015-) (black) DeMarco Murray on Feb. 12 in Las Vegas, Nev.; educated at the U. of Okla. Barbadian singer (black) Rihanna (Robyn Rihanna Fenty) on Feb. 20 in St. Michael; Barbadian-Irish father, Afro-Guyanese mother; moves to the U.S. in 2004; charges beau Chris Brown (1989-) with domestic violence in 2009. Mexican Miss Universe 2010 Jimena "Ximena" Navarrete Rosete on Feb. 22 in Guadalajara. Czech singer-songwriter Marketa Irglova (Markéta Irglová) on Feb. 28 in Valasske Mezinci. Am. 6'4" football palyer (black) (Tampa Bay Buccaneers #93, 2010-) Gerald McCoy on Feb. 28 in Oklahoma City, Okla. Am. 6'3" football QB (USC, 2007-) Mitchell "Mitch" Mustain on Feb. 27 in Springdale, Ark. Cuban baseball pitcher (lefty) (black) (Cincinnati Reds, 2010-15) (Chicago Cubs #54, 2016-) Albertin Aroldis "the Cuban Missile" "the Cuban Flame Thrower" Chapman de la Cruz on Feb. 28 in Holguin Province. Czech singer-songwriter Marketa Irglova (Irglová) on Feb. 28 in Valasske, Mezinci. English singer (redhead) Eleanor "Elly" Jackson (La Roux) on Mar. 8 in Brixton. English electropop singer (redhead) Eleanor Kate "Elly" Jackson (La Roux) on Mar. 12 in South London. Am. 6'3" basketball point guard (black) (Golden State Warriors #30, 2009-) Wardell Stephen "Steph" Curry II on Mar. 14 in Akron, Ohio; educated at Davidson College; one of the Two Splash Brothers with Klay Thompson (1990-). Am. porno actress Sasha Grey (Marina Ann Hantzis) on Mar. 14 in North Highlands, Calif.; grows up in Sacramento, Calif. Nigerian ML baseball player (black) Babawande "Wande" Olabisi on Mar. 18, Lagos; grows up in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; educated at Stanford U. Am. 6'4" baseball pitcher (lefty) (Los Angeles Dodgers #54/#22, 2006-) Clayton Edward Kershaw on Mar. 19 in Dallas, Tex. Am. "Same Love" musician-producer Ryan Lewis on Mar. 25 in Spokane, Wash. English "Price Tag" singer-songwriter (bi) Jessie J (Jessica Ellen Cornish) on Mar. 27 in Redbridge London. Am. 6'3" football cornerback (Seattle Seahawks #25, 2011-) (black) Richard Kevin Sherman on Mar. 30 in Compton, Calif.; educated at Stanford U. Am. "Landry Clarke in Friday Night Lights" actor Jesse Plemons on Apr. 2 in Dallas, Tex. English "Eragon" actor Edward John "Ed" Speleers on Apr. 7 in Chichester. Am. "Sixth Sense", "Pay It Forward", "A.I." actor Haley Joel Osment on Apr. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif.; brother of Emily Osment (1992-). Am. country-pop singer-songwriter Jessie James (Jessica Rose James) on Apr. 12 in Vicenza, Italy; wife (2013-) of Eric Decker (1987-). Am. Repub. White House press secy. (2020-) (Roman Catholic) Kayleigh McEnany on Apr. 18 in Tampa, Fla.; educated at Georgetown U., St. Edmund Hall, Oxford U., and U. of Miami; wife of Sean Gilmartin (1990-). Dutch "Utopia for Realists: The Case for a Universal Basic Income" journalist Rutger Bregman on Apr. 26 in Westerschouwen. Canadian 6'2" hockey player (Chicago Blackhawks, 2007-) Jonathan Bryan Toews (pr. TERVZ) on Apr. 29 in Winnipeg, Minn. Cuban "Joi in Blade Runner 2049", "Marta Cabrera in Knives Out", "Paloma in No Time to Die", "Norma Jeane in Blonde" actress Ana Celia de Armas Caso on Apr. 30 in Santa Cruz del Norte; Spanish immigrant grandparents; grows up in Havana. English "Skyfall", "Hello" singer-songwriter Adele (Adele Laurie Blue Adkins) on May 5 in Tottenham, North London. Am. actress-singer Brooke Hogan (Brooke Ellen Bollea) on May 5 in Tampa, Fla.; eldest daughter of Hulk Hogan (1953-); sister of Nick Bollea (1990-). English "Valentine in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus" actress Lily Cole on May 19 in Torquay, Devon. Am. "One Voice" country singer (gay) William Wendell "Billy" Gilman III on May 24 in Hope Valley, R.I. Canadian "George Michael Bluth in Arrested Development", "Paulie Bleeker in Juno", "Scott Pilgrim" actor Michael Austin Cera on June 7 in Brampton, Ont. Russian 5'11" tennis player Ekaterina Valeryevna Makarova on June 7 in Moscow. Am. "State of Grace" actress Mae Margaret Whitman on June 9 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Brooke in Magic Mike" actress-model Cody Harrell Horn on June 12 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. Medal of Honor winning Marine Corps vet Dakota L. Meyer on June 26 in Columbia, Ky. Am. baseball infielder (Colo. Rockies, 2012-18) (New York Yankees #26, 2019-) Donald John "D.J." LeMahieu on July 13 in Visalia, Calif.; educated at La. State U. Am. 6'5" football player (black) (Washington Redskins 71, 2010-) Trent Williams on July 19 in Longview, Tex.; educated at Oklahoma U. Am. baseball pitcher (Washington Nationals #37, 2010-) Stephen James Strasburg on July 20 in San Diego, Calif. Am. 5'10" football WR (black) (Seattle Seahawks #81, 2010-13) (Detroit Lions #15, 2014-) Golden H. Tate III on Aug. 2 in Hendersonville, Tenn.; educated at Notre Dame U. English princess Beatrice Elizabeth Mary of York on Aug. 8 in London; eldest daughter of Prince Andrew (1960-) and Duchess Sarah of York (1959-). Am. mass murderer Jeffrey James "Jeff" Weise (d. 2005) on Aug. 8 in Minneapolis, Minn.; of Ojibwe descent. Syrian singer Shahd Barmada on Aug. 14 in Aleppo. Am. "Empire" actress Rumer Glenn Willis on Aug. 16 in Paducah, Ky.; eldest daughter of Bruce Willis (1955-) and Demi Moore (1962-). Am. "Mason Freeland in Thirteen" actor Brady James Monson Corbet on Aug. 17 in Scottsdale, Ariz. Am. "Divergent" novelist Veronica Roth on Aug. 19 in New York City; raised in Barrington, Ill.; educated at Northwestern U. Am. "Same Trailer Different Park" country singer Kacey Lee Musgraves on Aug. 21 in Mineola, Tex. Argentine 6'7" tennis player Juan Martin (Martín) del Potro "Delpo" Lucas on Sept. 23 in Tandil. British "Ron Weasley on Harry Potter" actor Rupert Grint on Aug. 24 in Harlow, Hertfordshire. Am. "Spy Kids" actress Alexa Vega on Aug. 27. Am. 6'10" basketball center (white) (Cleveland Cavaliers #0, 2014-) Kevin Wesley Love on Sept. 7 in Santa Monica, Calif.; educated at UCLA. Am. mass murderer Jared Lee Loughner on Sept. 10 in ?. Argentine 6'6" tennis player (lefty) Juan Martin (Martín) del Potro on Sept. 23 in Tandil. Am. "Dabney Hooper in Malcolm in the Middle" actor Kyle Russell Sullivan on Sept. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. 6'9" basketball small forward (black) (Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder #35, 2007-) Kevin Wayne Durant on Sept. 29 in Washington, D.C.; educated at UTA. Swedish "Vera Brittain in Testament of Youth", "Gerda Wegener in The Danish Girl" actress Alicia Amanda Vikander on Oct. 3 in Gothenburg. Am. "Supergirl" actress Melissa Marie Benoist on Oct. 4 in Harris County, Tex.; grows up in Littleton, Colo.; educated at Marymount Manhattan College. Am. 6'3" basketball player (black) (Chicago Bulls #1, 2008-) Derrick Martell Rose on Oct. 4 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Memphis U. German soccer player Mesut Ozil (Özil) on Oct. 15 in Gelsenkirchen; of Turkish descent. Am. "There Was This Girl" country musician Riley Green on Oct. 18 in Jacksonville, Ala.; educated at Jacksonville State U. Am. Repub. White House aide Hope Charlotte Hicks on Oct. 21 in Greenwich, Conn.; educated at Southern Methodist U. Am. Fox News TV personality Katherine Clare "Kat" Timpf on Oct. 29 in Detroit, Mich.; educated at Hillsdale College. Am. "Mona Vanderwaal in Pretty Little Liars" actress-singer Janel Meilani Parrish on Oct. 30 in Kane'ohe, Honolulu, Hawaii; Han Chinest descent mother, German-Irish-English descent father. Japanese baseball pitcher (New York Yankees #19, 2014-) Masahiro Tanaka on Nov. 1 in Itami, Hyogo. Australian "Lucas Holden in Home and Away" actor Rhys Wakefield on Nov. 2 in Cairns, Queensland. Am. 6'2" football WR (black) (Dallas Cowboys #88, 2010-) Desmond Demond "Dez" Bryant on Nov. 4 in Galveston County, Tex.; educated at Okla. State U. Canadian baseball pitcher ("the Big Maple") (Seattle Mariners, 2013-18) (New York Yankees #65, 2019-) James Alston Paxton on Nov. 6 in Ladner, B.C.; educated at the U. of Ky. Am. "Superbad", "Wichita in Zombieland", "Gwen Stacy in The Amazing Spider-Man" actress Emily Jean "Emma" Stone on Nov. 6 in Scottsdale, Ariz. English rapper (black) Tinie Tempah (Patrick Chukwuemeka Okogwu) on Nov. 7 in South London. Cuban-Am. baseball catcher (San Diego Padres, 2012-14) (Los Angeles Dodgers, 2015-18) (Milwaukee Brewers #10, 2019-) Yasmani Grandal on Nov. 8 in Havana, Cubs; emigrates to the U.S. at age 10; educated at the U. of Miami. Am. "Jessica Riley in Crazy, Stupid, Love" actress Analeigh Christian Tipton on Nov. 9 in Minneapolis, Minn.; grows up in Sacramento, Calif. South African "Loliwe"" musican (black) Zahara (Arab. "flower in bloom") (Bulelwa Mkutukana) on Nov. 9 in East London, Eastern Cape. Am. 6'3" basketball point guard (black) (Oklahoma City Thunder #0, 2008-) Russell Westbrook Jr. on Nov. 12 in Long Beach, Calif.; educated at UCLA. Am. "Catwoman in The Batman" (black) (Jewish) Zoe (Zoë) Isabella Kravitz on Dec. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Lenny Kravitz and Lisa Bonet. Am. "Gabriella Montez in High School Musical" actress-singer Vanessa Anne Hudgens on Dec. 14 in Salinas, Calif.; Irish-Native Am. father, Filipina mother. English "Susan Pevensie in The Chronicles of Narnia" actress Anna Katherine Popplewell on Dec. 16 in London. Am. rock singer-songwriter Hayley Nichole Williams (Paramore) on Dec. 27 in Meridian, Miss. Deaths: Indian-born English pacifist leader Fenner Brockway (b. 1888) on Apr. 28. Am. biologist Sewall Wright (b. 1889) on Mar. 3 - dies a fossil? Puerto Rican industrialist Alfonso Valdes Cobian (b. 1890) on Feb. 14 in San Juan. Indian Pashtun leader ("the Frontier Gandhi") Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (b. 1890) on Jan. 20 in Peshawar, Pakistan; dies under house arrest; spent 52 years in prison or exile; both sides in the Afghan civil war declare a ceasefire to allow his burial in Jalalabad, for which tens of thousands march from Peshawar via the Khyber Pass; too bad, a bomb at the funeral kills 15. Ukrainian born NBA pres. (1949-63) Maurice Podoloff (b. 1890) on Nov. 24 in Am. psychologist Henry Alexander Murray (b. 1893) on June 23 in Cambridge, Mass. Am. silent film actress Doris Pawn (b. 1894) on Mar. 30 in La Jolla, Calif. Latvian-born Am. N.J. atty.-gen. (1934-44) (prosecutor of Bruno Hauptmann) David Theodore Wilentz (b. 1894) on July 6 in Long Branch, N.J. Am. silent film actress Lois Wilson (b. 1894) on Mar. 3 in Reno, Nev. (pneumonia). Anglo-Danish civil engineer (designer of Sydney Opera House) Ove Arup (b. 1895) on Feb. 5 in London. French-born Am. surgeon Andre F. Cournand (b. 1895) on Feb. 19; 1956 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. economist David Dodd (b. 1895) on Sept. 18 in Portland, Maine. Italian Fascist politician Dino Grandi (b. 1895) on May 21 in Bologna. Am. aviation pioneer Harold Ross Harris (b. 1895) on July 28 in Falmouth, Mass. Am. "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral" actress Olive Carey (b. 1896) on Mar. 13 in Carpinteria, Calif. Am. novelist Rose Franken (b. 1896) on June 22 in Tucson, Ariz. Am. "Fibber McGee" actor Jim Jordan (b. 1896) on Apr. 1 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (blood clot in the brain caused by a fall at home). Am. biochemist Charles Glen King (b. 1896) on Jan. 23. Am. economist Gardiner C. Means (b. 1896) on Feb. 15 in Vienna, Va. (stroke). Am. UFO researcher Donald E. Keyhoe (b. 1897) on Nov. 29 in New Market, Va. Am. journalist Merryle Rukeyser (b. 1897) on Dec. 21. Italian automaker Enzo Ferrari (b. 1898) on Aug. 14 in Maranello; dies shortly after the launch of the Ferrari F40; in 2002 his namesake car is introduced; the Italian Grand Priz a few weeks after his death results in a 1-2 finish for Ferrari, with Austrian driver Gerhard Berger coming in #1, and Italian (Milan native) driver Michele Alboreto coming in #2: "I have never gone on a real trip, never taken a holiday. The best holiday for me is spent in my workshops when nearly everybody else is on vacation." Polish-born Am. physicist Isidor Isaac Rabi (b. 1898) on Jan. 11 in New York City; 1944 Nobel Physics Prize: "Who ordered the muon?"; "The world would be better without an Edward Teller." Am. poet Leonie Adams (b. 1899) on June 27 in New Milford, Conn. Am. gen. Lyman Lemnitzer (b. 1899) on Nov. 12. French poet-essayist Francis Ponge (b. 1899) on Aug. 6 in Le Bar-sur-Loup. Am. New Age writer Annalee Skarin (b. 1899) on Jan. 17. Am. dancer Sammy Davis Sr. (b. 1900) on May 21 in Beverly Hills, Calif.; father of Sammy Davis Jr. (1925-90). Am. TV host Frank Gallop (b. 1900) on May 5 in New York City. Am. traitor "Axis Sally" Mildred Gillars (b. 1900) on June 25 in Columbus, Ohio. Ukrainian-born Am. sculptor Louise Nevelson (b. 1900) on Apr. 17 in New York City. Dutch-born Am. physicist George Eugene Uhlenbeck (b. 1900) on Oct. 31 in Boulder, Colo. Am. actress Florence Eldridge (b. 1901) on Aug. 1 in Long Beach, Calif. (heart attack). Am. Freethinker leader (ed. of "The Truth Seeker") James Hervey Johnson (b. 1901) on Aug. 6 in San Diego, Calif. (heart attack in the bathtub); leaves a $14M estate, causing "Pope of Atheism" Madalyn Murray O'Hair to begin an unsuccessful court battle to claim it, even though he detested her and she has no right to it other than she wants it: "To Theists, the Universe proves the existence of God. To Atheists, the only thing the Universe proves is the Universe." Austrian-Am. "My Fair Lady", "Camelot" composer Frederick Loewe (b. 1901) on Feb. 14 in Palm Springs, Calif. Am. playwright-novelist Elick Moll (b. 1901) on Dec. 30 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Am. United Negro College Fund founder Frederick Douglass Patterson (b. 1901) on Apr. 26. Am. Pittsburgh Steelers founder Art Rooney (b. 1901) on Aug. 25 in Pittsburgh, Penn. English "The Passover Plot" writer Hugh J. Schonfield (b. 1901) on Jan. 24. Am. Dem. politician William Stuart Symington (b. 1901) on Dec. 14 in New Canaan, Conn. Am. inventor Frank Joseph Zamboni Jr. (b. 1901) on July 27 in Long Beach, Calif. (cardiac arrest and lung cancer); the 10,00th Zamboni Ice Resurfacer is delivered by the Zamboni Co. of Paramount, Calif. to the Montreal Canadiens in Apr. 2012. Soviet pshrink Bluma Zeigarnik (b. 1901) on Feb. 24 in Moscow. Austrian-born Am. philosopher Herbert Feigl (b. 1902) on June 1 in Minneapolis, Minn. (cancer). Romanian-born Am. actor John Houseman (b. 1902) on Oct. 31. Hungarian-born British "49th Parallel" film dir. Emeric Pressburger (b. 1902) on Feb. 5 in Saxstead, Suffolk. German Wankel Engine inventor Felix Wankel (b. 1902) on Oct. 9 in Heidelberg. Am. diplomat Hiram Bingham IV (b. 1903) on Jan. 12 in Salem, Conn. Am. Baptist pastor David Otis Fuller (b. 1903) on Feb. 21. Austrian-born Am. shopping mall architect Victor David Gruen (b. 1903) on Feb. 14 in Vienna. Am. baseball hall-of-fame pitcher Carl Hubbell (b. 1903) on Nov. 21 in Scottsdale, Ariz (auto accident). South African "Cry, the Beloved Country" writer Alan Stewart Paton (b. 1903) on Apr. 12 in Botha's Hill. Ecuadorian-born British choreographer Sir Frederick Ashton (b. 1904) on Oct. 18 in Eye, Suffolk. Italian-born French film critic (coiner of the term "film noir") Nino Frank (b. 1904) on Aug. 17 in Paris. Am. Hollywood gossip columnist Sheilah Graham (b. 1904) on Nov. 17. Am. jazz musician Horace Henderson (b. 1904) on Aug. 29. German chancellor (1966-9) Kurt Georg Kiesinger (b. 1904) on Mar. 9 in Tubingen. Japanese-Am. sculptor Isamu Noguchi (b. 1904) on Dec. 30 in New York City; leaves plans for 400-acre Noguchi Park in Sapporo, Japan, which opens in 2004: "Appreciate the moment." Irish politician Sean MacBride (b. 1904) on Jan. 15 in Dublin; 1974 Nobel Peace Prize and 1975-6 Lenin Peace Prize. English jockey Sir Gordon Richards (b. 1904) on Nov. 10. Am. sci-fi writer Clifford D. Simak (b. 1904) on Aug. 25 in Minneapolis, Minn. German-born Am. "The Robe" film dir. Henry Koster (b. 1905) on Sept. 21 in Camarillo, Calif. Am. "50/50 Club" TV host Ruth Lyons (b. 1905) on Nov. 7. Sierra Leone pres. #1 (1975-85) Siaka Stevens (b. 1905) on May 29 in Freetown. Japanese "Mr. Osato in You Only Live Twice" actor Teru Shimada (b. 1905) on June 19 in Encino, Calif. Hungarian conductor-composer Antal Dorati (b. 1906) on Nov. 13 in Gerzensee, Switzerland. Am. "voice in Portnoy's Complaint" actor John Carradine (b. 1906) on Nov. 27 in Milan, Italy; dies after climbing the 328 steps of the Duomo; last words: "Milan: what a beautiful place to die." German electron microscope inventor Ernst Ruska (b. 1906) on May 27 in West Berlin. Turkish-born Am. psychologist Muzafer Sherif (b. 1906) on Oct. 16 in Fairbanks, Alaska. Am. "Starship Troopers" novelist Robert A. Heinlein (b. 1907) on May 8. Dutch-born British ornithologist-ethologist Nikolaas Tinbergen (b. 1907) on Dec. 21 in Oxford, England; 1973 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. Western "Hondo" novelist Louis L'Amour (b. 1908) on June 10 in Calif. (lung cancer). French PM (1952, 1955-6) Edgar Faure (b. 1908) on Mar. 30. Am. "South Pacific" film dir.-producer-writer Joshua Logan (b. 1908) on July 12 in New York City. Belgian biochemist Jean Brachet (b. 1909) on Aug. 10. Am. Olympic hfll-of-fame runner Glenn Cunningham (b. 1909) on Mar. 10 in Menifee, Ark. Am. "Dobie Gillis' mother" actress Florida Friebus (b. 1909) on May 27 in Laguna Niguel, Calif. Chinese pres. of Taiwan (1978-88) Chiang Ching-kuo (b. 1910) on Jan. 13 in Taipei. Am. Tex. gov. #38 (1957-63) Price Daniel (b. 1910) on Aug. 25 in Liberty County, Tex. (stroke). Am. jazz musician Sy Oliver (b. 1910) on May 28 in New York City. English dog trainer Barbara Woodhouse (b. 1910) on July 9. Am. physicist Luis Walter Alvarez (b. 1911) on Sept. 1; 1968 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. "In the Heat of the Night" novelist John Ball (b. 1911) on Oct. 15 in Encino, Calif. Am. artist-writer Romare Bearden (b. 1911) on Mar. 12 in New York City (bone cancer). French jazz expert Charles Delaunay (b. 1911) on Feb. 16 in Paris (Parkinson's). German physicist-spy Klaus Fuchs (b. 1911) on Jan. 28 in Dresden, East Germany. Swedish electrical engineer Anton Christian Jacobaeus (b. 1911). German mathematician Theodor Schneider (b. 1911) on Oct. 31 in Freiburg im Breisgau. Am. WWII Black Sheep Squadron flying ace Gregory "Pappy" Boyington (b. 1912) on Jan. 11 in Fresno, Calif. (cancer). Am. industral designer Ray Eames (b. 1912) on Aug. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif.; dies exactly 10 years after her hubby Charles Eames (1907-78). Canadian jazz pianist Gil Evans (b. 1912) on Mar. 20 in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Spanish spy Juan Pujol Garcia (b. 1912) on Oct. 10 in Caracas, Venezuela. German WWII ace Hermann Graf (b. 1912) on Nov. 4 in Engen (Parkinson's). German-born English pshrink Max Hamilton (b. 1912) in Aug. English actor-dir.-producer Anthony Pelissier (b. 1912) on Apr. 2 in Eastbourne. English spy Harold "Kim" Philby (b. 1912) on May 11 in Moscow, Russia. German "Goldfinger" actor Gert Frobe (b. 1913) on Sept. 5 in Munich. English "Lord Charles Somerset in Shaka Zulu" actor Trevor Howard (b. 1913) on Jan. 7 in Bushey, Hertfordshire. British Battle of Arnhem lt. col. Richard Lonsale (b. 1913) on Nov. 23 in Bath, Somerset. U.S. atty.-gen. #67 (1969-72) John Newton Mitchell (b. 1913) on Nov. 9 in Washington, D.C. (heart attack). English surgeon Patrick Steptoe (b. 1913) on Mar. 21 in Canterbury. Am. Miss America 1936 Rose Veronica Coyle (b. 1914) on Feb. 24. English comic actor Charles Hawtrey (b. 1914) on Oct. 27 in Deal, Kent. Am. mobster Paul Vario (b. 1914) on May 13 in Fort Worth, Tex. (federal prison). German-born Am. economist-banker Henry C. Wallich (b. 1914): "Education is what remains when all the details are forgotten." German U-boat cmdr. Lt. Friedrich Guggenberger (b. 1915) on May 13 in Erlenbach am Main; dies in the forest under mysterious circumstances, his body found in 1990. Am. jazz musician Memphis Slim (b. 1915) on Feb. 24 in Paris, France (renal failure). Italian dir. Steno (b. 1915) on Mar. 13. British actor Trevor Howard (b. 1916) on Jan. 7 in Arkley, Barnet, Hertfordshire. Am. singer Dennis Day (b. 1917) on June 22 in Los Angeles, Calif. (ALS). Am. mob boss Tony Provenzano (b. 1917) on Dec. 12 (heart attack); dies in prison. Am. astronomer Elizabeth Leonard Scott (b. 1917) on Dec. 20 in Berkeley, Calif. Am. physicist and physics popularizer Richard Feynman (b. 1918) on Feb. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif.; 1965 Nobel Physics Prize: "The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance, I think. When a scientist doesn't know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant. When he has a hunch as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And when he is pretty darned sure of what the result is going to be, he is in some doubt. We have found it of paramount importance that in order to progress we must recognize the ignorance and leave room for doubt. Scientific knowledge is a body of statements of varying degrees of certainty - some most unsure, some nearly sure, none absolutely certain." Am. hall-of-fame bowler Joe Joseph (b. 1918). French politician Alain Savary (b. 1918) on Feb. 17 in Paris. Am. diplomat-educator Kingman Brewster Jr. (b. 1919) on Nov. 8. Am. composer Gene de Paul (b. 1919) on Feb. 27. Am. poet Robert Edward Duncan (b. 1919) on Feb. 3. Am. "Mr. Woodman in Welcome Back, Kotter" actor John Sylvester White (b. 1919) on Sept. 11 in Waikiki, Hawaii (pancreatic cancer). Am. actor Ralph Meeker (b. 1920) on Aug. 5 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (heart attack). Am. jazz musician Harry Babasin (b. 12921) on May 21 in Los Angeles, Calif. Welsh writer Raymond Henry Williams (b. 1921) on Jan. 26. Swedish criminologist Nils Bejerot (b. 1921) on Nov. 29. Am. TV exec John H. Mitchell (b. 1921) on Jan. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Lancer" actor Andrew Duggan (b. 1922) on May 15 in Hollywood, Calif. (esophageal cancer). English "The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross" Dead Sea Scrolls scholar John Marco Allegro (b. 1923) on Feb. 17. Am. "A Course in Miracles" psychologist William Thetford (b. 1923) on July 4 in Tiburon, Calif. (heart attack). Am. folk singer Cynthia Gooding (b. 1924) on Feb. 10 in Kingston, N.J. (cancer). Pakistani pres. #6 (1977-88) gen. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (b. 1924) on Aug. 17 in Bahawalpur, Punjab. Am. furniture designer Phyllis Morris (b. 1925) on Sept. 5 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. Teamsters pres. (1983-8) Jackie Presser (b. 1926) on July 9 in Cleveland, Ohio (cardiac arrest and brain tumor). Spanish novelist Jesus Fernandez Santos (b. 1926). Am. bandleader Charlie Palmieri (b. 1927) on Sept. 12 in Bronx, N.Y. (heart attack). Am. Nat. Enquirer owner Generoso Pope Jr. (b. 1927) on Oct. 2 in Manalapan, Fla. (heart attack). Am. "The Killer Angels" novelist Michael Shaara (b. 1928) on May 5 (heart attack) - heavy smoking was his killer angel? Am. heroin-addicted jazzman Chet Baker (b. 1929) on May 13 in Amsterdam (accident, murder or suicide?) Am. choreographer Robert Joffrey (b. 1930) on Mar. 25 (AIDS). Am. poet Joel Oppenheimer (b. 1930) on Oct. 11 in Henniker, N.H. (lung cancer). Am. "Rainy Night in Georgia" singer Brook Benton (b. 1931) on Apr. 9 in Queens, N.Y. Am. country musician Pete Drake (b. 1932) on July 29 in Nashville, Tenn. (emphysema). Italian-born Am. football player Alan Ameche (b. 1933) on Aug. 8 in Houston, Tex. Am. basketball player Dick Ricketts (b. 1933) on Mar. 6 in Rochester, N.Y. Am. "Pretty Woman" singer Roy Orbison (b. 1936) on Dec. 6 in Hendersonville, Tenn. (heart attack). Am. pres. brother Billy Carter (b. 1937) on Sept. 25 in Plains, Ga. (pancreatic cancer) - from drinking Billy Beer? Am. economist Alfred S. Eichner (b. 1937) on Feb. 10. Am. writer Raymond Carver (b. 1938) in Port Angeles, Wash. (lung cancer); leaves widow poet Tess Gallagher: "Get in, get out, don't linger" - the good die young? German singer Nico (b. 1938) on July 18 in Ibiza, Spain (heart attack while riding a bicycle, resulting in cerebral hemorrhage). Am. physicist Heinz Pagels (b. 1939) on July 23 in Pyramid Peak, Colo. (climbing accident). Soviet cosmonaut Anatoli Levchenko (b. 1941) on Aug. 6 in Moscow (brain tumor). Am. "If You Wanna Be Happy" singer Jimmy Soul (b. 1942) on June 25 (heart attack). Am. "Hairspray" actor Divine (b. 1945) on Mar. 7 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure). Puerto Rican playwright-actor Miguel Pinero (b. 1946) on June 18 in New York City (cirrhosis). Am. basketball star "Pistol" Pete Maravich (b. 1947) on Jan. 5 in Pasadena, Calif. (heart failure). Am. "Styx" musician John Curulewski (b. 1950) on Feb. 13 in La Grange, Ill. (brain aneurysm). Greek shipping heiress Christina Onassis (b. 1951) on Nov. 19 in Buenos Aires, Argentina (heart failure); married to Joseph Bolker of the U.S., Alexander Andreadis of Greece, Sergei Kauzov of Russia, and Thierry Roussel (1953-) of France; leaves her $500M fortune to daughter Athina (1985-) - money can't buy me love? English-Australian singer Andy Gibb (b. 1958) on Mar. 10 in Oxford, England (myocarditis aggravated by drug and alcohol abuse) - the good die young? Am. artist Jean-Michel Basquiat (b. 1960) on Aug. 12 in Soho, N.Y. (heroin OD). Am. "Carol Anne Freeling in Poltergeist" actress Heather O'Rourke (b. 1975) on Feb. 1 in San Diego, Calif. (heart failure from congenital bowel obstruction and/or Crohn's Disease).



1989 - The Deep Vibe San Francisco Earthquake Tiananmen Square Berlin Wall Falls Year? A bad year for totalitarians but a good year for mail bombers and law enforcement? Soviet Communism is toppling as the decade ends, but the Chinese Communists play hardball in Tiananmen Square, leaving Westerners wondering about Tank Man, the first YouTube star? A reenactment of the closing days of the first Christian millennium, when the few remaining Western pagan holdout nations scrambled to Christianize just in case very patient (or deadbeat dad?) Jesey Christey comes at the end of a thousand-year multiple? Meanwhile, just as it triumphs over pesky Communism, the U.S. flirts with self-destruction over the issue of the right of Land of the Free citizens to burn a red-white-blue rag to make a political statement without being clubbed by don't-slap-them-cops like in a Commie country, narrowly missing making a potential Flag Man class out of them? The Edward Gibbon of the future waits in the wings to write "The Decline and Fall of the United States Empire", stay tuned?

1989 San Francisco Earthquake, Oct. 17, 1989 1989 San Francisco Earthquake, Oct. 17, 1989 George Herbert Walker Bush of the U.S. (1924-2018) Barbara Bush of the U.S. (1925-2018) James Danforth Quayle of the U.S. (1947-) Marilyn Tucker Quayle of the U.S. (1949-) U.S. Adm. James David Watkins (1927-) U.S. Gen. Colin Luther Powell (1937-) Tom Foley of the U.S. (1929-) William John Bennett of the U.S. (1943-) Dick Cheney of the U.S. (1941-) John Tower of the U.S. (1925-91) Tom Pickering of the U.S. (1931-) Boris N. Yeltsin of Russia (1931-2007) Berlin Wall Falls, Nov. 9, 1989 Günter Schabowski of East Germany (1929-) Lt. Col. Harald Jaeger of East Germany (1943-) Mstislav Rostropovich (1927-2007) Andres Rodriguez of Paraguay (1923-97) Charles Taylor of Liberia (1948-) Exxon Valdez, 1989 Tiananmen Square, 1989 Goddess of Democracy, May 30, 1989 Tank Man, June 5, 1989 Fang Li-Zhi (1936-) Liu Xiaobo (1955-) Jiang Zemin of China (1926-2022) Hillsborough Disaster, Apr. 15, 1989 Richard C. Breeden of the U.S. (1949-) Yu Dongyue (1967-) Big Painting of Mao, Beijing Flag Burning Flag Burning Flag Burning James Addison Baker III of the U.S. (1930-) F.W. de Klerk of South Africa (1936-) Walter Sisulu of South Africa (1912-2003) Mieczyslaw Rakowski of Poland (1926-2008) Tadeusz Mazowiecki of Poland (1927-) Hun Sen of Cambodia (1951-) Emperor Akihito of Japan (1933-) Vaclav Havel of Czechoslovakia (1936-) Nicolae Ceausescu of Romania (1918-89) Bishop Laszlo Tokes of Romania (1952-) Ion Iliescu of Romania (1930-) Hashemi Rafsanjani of Iran (1934-2017) Ayatollah Ali Hoseyni Khamenei of Iran (1939-) Toshiki Kaifu of Japan (1931-) Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir of Sudan (1944-) Hassan al-Turabi of Sudan (1932-) Alfredo Cristiani of El Salvador (1948-) Guillermo David Endara Galimany of Panama (1936-2009) Todor Zhivkov of Bulgaria (1911-98) Petar Mladenov of Bulgaria (1936-2000) Manuel Noriega of Panama (1934-) - before Mug Shot of Manuel Noriega of Panama (1934-) - after Said Mohammed Djohar of Comoros (1918-2006) Claude Autant-Lara of France (1901-2000) Guillermo Endara of Panama (1936-) Carlos Saul Menem of Argentina (1930-) Jaime Paz Zamora of Bolivia Tzannis Tzannetakis of Greece (1927-) Xenophon Zolotas of Greece (1904-2004) Richard Gephardt of the U.S. (1941-) William Herbert Gray III of the U.S. (1941-2013) Egon Krenz of East Germany (1937-) V.P. Singh of India (1931-2008) Halil Turgut Özal of Turkey (1927-93) Pakistan Gen. Hamid Gul (1936-) Luis Alberto Lacalle of Uruguay (1941-) Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein (1945-) Vincent Tabone of Malta (1913-) Luis Carlos Galán of Colombia (1943-89) Ronald Harmon Brown of the U.S. (1941-96) U.S. Col. David Haskell Hackworth (1930-2005) U.S. Marine Lt. Col. William Richard Higgins (1945-90) Mickey Leland of the U.S. (1944-89) Rene Moawad of Lebanon (1925-89) Elias Hrawi of Lebanon (1925-2006) Ramón Bojórquez Salcido (1961-) Yusuf Hawkins (1973-89) Mousa Marzook (1951-) Joseph T. Wesbecker (1942-89) John Williamson (1937-) Zsa-Zsa Gabor (1917-) - before Mug Shot of Zsa-Zsa Gabor (1917-) - after Cindy Crawford (1966-) Alfred Herrhausen (1930-89) John Holliman (1948-98) Joel Steinberg (1941-) Wei Jingsheng (1950-) Pat Finucane (1949-89) Trisha Milei (1962-) Randall Dale Adams (1949-) Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso (1935-) Abdullah Senoussi (1949-) Lyle Mendendez (1968-) and Erik Menendez (1970-) Tsutomu Miyazaki (1962-2008) Camilo Jose Cela (1916-) Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (1915-) Hans Georg Dehmelt (1922-2017) Wolfgang Paul (1913-93) Thomas Robert Cech (1947-) Lap-Chee Tsui (1950-) Sidney Altman (1939-) John Michael Bishop Jr. (1936-) Harold Elliot Varmus (1939-) Trygve Magnus Haavelmo (1911-99) George Fitzgerald Smoot III (1945-) John Cromwell Mather (1946-) John Peter Huchra (1948-2010) Margaret J. Geller (1948-) Paul Berman (1948-) Sir Timothy John 'Tim' Berners-Lee (1955-) Maria Ormos Ferenc Glatz (1941-) Richard Michael Daley of the U.S. (1942-) Lawrence Douglas Wilder of the U.S. (1931-) David Dinkins of the U.S. (1927-) David Duke of the U.S. (1950-) Oscar Hijuelos (1951-) Bill Keller (1949-) Richard Lederer (1938-) Steven Naifeh (1952-) and Gregory White Smith (1951-2014) Salman Rushdie (1947-) Marc Lepine (1964-89) Barbara Chase-Riboud (1939-) Leona Helmsley (1920-2007) Arnold Classic, 1989- Fay Vincent (1938-) Paul Tagliabue (1940-) John Taylor (1962-) Jerry Rice (1962-) Boomer Esiason (1961-) Art Shell (1946-) Herschel Walker (1962-) Jerry Jones (1942-) Billy Martin (1928-89) Phil Jackson (1945-) Sean Elliott (1968-) Glen Rice (1967-) Darrell Waltrip (1947-) Emerson Fittipaldi (1946-) Vladislav Tretiak (1952-) Thomas Muster of Austria (1967-) Angela Visser of the Netherlands (1966-) Lee Carroll (Kryon) Juan Mari Arzak (1942-) Elena Arzak (1969-) Bobby Stanley Pons (1943-) and Martin Fleischmann (1927-2012) Joël Robuchon (1945-) Nancy Ann Tappe (1931-2012) Jan Tober Scott Raymond Adams (1957-) 'Dilbert' by Scott Raymond Adams (1957-), 1989- James Andreoni (1959-) Edgar Bowers (1924-2000) Dolores Cannon (1931-) William Dalrymple (1965-) Herman Daly (1938-) John B. Cobb Jr. (1925-) E.L. Doctorow (1931-) FM-2030 (1930-2000) Ken Follett (1949-) David Fromkin (1932-) Neil Gaiman (1960-) Lars Christopher Gillberg (1950-) Allegra Goodman (1967-) Cynthia Kadohata (1956-) Stanley Abram Karnow (1925-2013) Bob Lazar (1959-) Charles Lewis (1953-) Bill Martin Jr. (1916-2004) Bill McKibben (1960-) James Randi (1928-) Gabrielle Roth (1941-2012) Simon Schama (1945-) Peter Dale Scott (1929-) Anita Shreve (1946-) Amy Tan (1952-) Wendy Wasserstein (1950-2006) Gary Zukav (1942-) Clint Black (1962-) Garth Brooks (1962-) Shawn Colvin (1956-) Michael Damian (1962-) Bonnie Raitt (1949-) 'Like A Prayer' by Madonna (1958-), 1989 Toad the Wet Sprocket Tone Loc (1966-) 2 Live Crew Indigo Girls Alan Jackson (1958-) Janet Jackson (1966-) Jesus Jones Young M.C. (1967-) Alannah Myles (1958-) Aaron Neville (1941-) Nine Inch Nails Nirvana The Offspring Skid Row The Stone Roses Stratovarius Babes in Toyland Travis Tritt (1963-) Warrant Mammoth Records Warp Records L.A. Reid (1956-) and Babyface Edmonds (1958-) 'COPS', 1989- 'Coach', 1989-97 'Family Matters', 1989-98 'Major Dad', 1989-93 'Quantum Leap', 1989-93 'Saved by the Bell', 1989-93 Seinfeld, 1989-1998 Larry David (1947-) Matt Groening (1954-) The Simpsons, 1989- 'Buddy: The Buddy Holly Story', 1989 'City of Angels', 1989 'Grand Hotel', 1989 'Miss Saigon', 1989 'Batman', 1989 'Communion', 1989 'Honey, I Shrunk the Kids', 1989 Spike Lee (1957-) 'Bill & Teds Excellent Adventure, 1989 'Born on the Fourth of July', 1989 'The Cook, the Thief, His Wife, and Her Lover', 1989 'Cyborg', 1989 'Dead Poets Society', 1989 'Driving Miss Daisy', 1989 'Field of Dreams', starring Kevin Costner (1955-), 1989 'Glory', 1989 Edward Zwick (1952-) Robert Harling (1951-) 'Henry V', 1989 'Licence to Kill', 1989 'The Little Mermaid', 1989 'Major League', 1989 'My Left Foot', 1989 'National Lampoons Christmas Vacation', 1989 'Parenthood', 1989 'Pet Sematary', 1989 'Puppet Master', 1989 'Sex, Lies, and Videotape', 1989 'Star Trek V: The Final Frontier', 1989 'Steel Magnolias', 1989 'The Tall Guy', 1989 Richard Curtis (1956-) 'Uncle Buck', starring John Candy (1950-94), 1989 'When Harry Met Sally', 1989 Brian Pitt (1963-) Michael Moore (1954-) Capitol Films, 1989 'The Charging Bull' by Arturo Di Modica (1941-), 1989 'Beauty of Lauren' by Jules Olitski, 1989 Stephen Alan 'Steve' Wynn (1942-) Mirage Casino, 1989 Rogers Centre, 1989 Magellan Venus Radar Mapper, 1989 Odell Brewing Co.

1989 Doomsday Clock: 6 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Snake (Feb. 6). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (1931-2022) (first time 1987). Pop. of Mexico: 86.366M (45M in 1968, 91M in 1996). There are 100M personal computers (PCs) in use worldwide. By this year 60% of U.S. households receive cable service. The Revs. of 1989 (Fall/Autumn of Nations) sees the Soviet Union disintegrate, starting in Poland, then Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czech., and Romania. On Jan. 1 the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement goes into effect. On Jan. 1 British PM Margaret Thatcher distances herself from U.S. vows to punish those responsible for bombing Pam Am Flight 103, saying in a TV interview that revenge "can affect innocent people". On Jan. 1 House of Style debuts on MTV (until 2000), focusing on the U.S. supermodel craze; it features a series of supermodel hosts incl. Cindy Crawford (1966-), who stays on for six years and makes it a hit. On Jan. 2 Michigan defeats USC by 22-14 to win the 1989 Rose Bowl; the 100th anniv. of the Tournament of Roses parade. On Jan. 2 fallen PTL founders Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker return to the TV pulpit for the first time in two years, broadcasting from a borrowed house in Pineville, N.C. On Jan. 5 Lawrence E. Walsh, special prosecutor in the Iran-Contra case asks for a dismissal of two charges against Oliver North, citing Reagan admin. refusal to release material sought by North. On Jan. 6 the U.S. presents photographic evidence to the U.N. Security Council to justify its shootdown of two Libyan jet fighters off the Libyan coast as self-defense; the Libyan ambassador claims it's faked. On Jan. 7 emperor (since 1926) Hirohito (b. 1901) dies, ending the Showa Era in Japan; the Heisei (Peace and Prosperity) Era begins with Akihito (1933-), who becomes Japanese Yamato emperor #125 (until ?). On Jan. 8 a British Midland Boeing 737-400 carrying 126 passengers crashes near East Midlands Airport in C England after the crew shuts down the wrong engine and can't restart the good engine in time, killing 47. On Jan. 9 the U.S. Supreme Court agrees to consider the Webster abortion case the same day that Surgeon Gen. C. Everett Koop advises Pres. Reagan that he won't issue a report on the health risks of abortion - oh, what you do to me? On Jan. 9 "Wheel of Fortune" host (since 1981) Pat Sajak (1946-) begins hosting The Pat Sajak Show, a late-night CBS talk show competing with Johnny Carson, giving critics attending the premiere taping satin jackets emblazoned with "The Pat Sajak Show"; it folds on Apr. 13, 1990 after 16 mo.; in Jan. black comedian Arsenio Hall (1955-) debuts The Arsenio Hall Show, another late-night talk show, which features verbal sparring with Madonna (1958-), and folds in May 1994, both proving no match for Jay Leno; the taping of "Wheel of Fortune" takes one day of work per week of shows, averaging 39 days of work a year? On Jan. 10 Cuba begins withdrawing its troops from Angola after more than 13 years. On Jan. 11 Pres. Ronald "Well, ..." Reagan delivers his Farewell Address, beginning "This is the 34th time I'll speak to you from the Oval Office, and the last...", followed by the soundbytes: "Countries across the globe are turning to free markets and free speech and turning away from ideologies of the past. For them, the great rediscovery of the 1980s has been that, lo and behold, the moral way of government is the practical way... Democracy, the profoundly good, is also the profoundly productive... And as I walk off into the city streets, a final word to the men and women of the Reagan Revolution... We did it. We weren't just marking time. We made a difference. We made the city stronger. We made the city freer, and we left her in good hands. And all in all, not bad at all" - his Alzheimer's must have caused him to forget about Dan Quayle? On Jan. 12 pres.-elect Bush completes the selection of his cabinet, naming retired Adm. James David Watkins (1927-) as U.S. energy secy. #6 (until Jan. 20, 1993), and former education secy. (1985-8) William John Bennett (1943-) as U.S. drug czar (dir. of the Office of Nat. Drug Control Policy) #1 on Mar. 13 (until Dec. 13, 199), pushing zero tolerance to incl. casual drug users, even though he smokes and drinks; on June 15 he appears on Larry King Live, saying "I don't have any problem" with beheading drug dealers; meanwhile he pub. the moral tract The Book of Virtues, recommending self-control as the answer to society's problems - Bennett, hell I broke it? On Jan. 13 New York City subway gunman Bernhard H. Goetz is sentenced to a year in priz for possessing an unlicensed gun; he is freed in Sept. On Jan. 13 there is a sit-in at San Francisco Gen. Hospital by ACT-UP to call attention to the difficulty of obtaining Foscarnet (Foscavir), a drug to stabilize CMV retinitis, a common AIDS illness that can lead to blindness. On Jan. 14 Pres. Reagan delivers his 331st and Pres. Reagan's Last Weekly Radio Address to the Nation, telling listeners, "Believe me, Saturdays will never seem the same. I'll miss you." On Jan. 15 NATO, the Warsaw Pact and 12 other European countries adopt a Human Rights and Security Agreement in Vienna. On Jan. 15 a train carrying Muslim pilgrims crashes head-on with a mail train in Maizdi Khan, Bangladesh, killing 110 and injuring 1K. On Jan. 16-18 the 3-day Miami Riots begin after a police officer fatally shoots a black motorcyclist, causing a crash that kills a passenger. On Jan. 17 five children are shot to death at the Cleveland Elementary School in Stockton, Calif. by purdy dumb in the head drifter Patrick Edward Purdy, who then kills himself. On Jan. 17 a school bus collides with a brain, er, train in Ahungalle, S Sri Lanka, killing 51 and injuring 110. On Jan. 18 in Misrettta v. U.S., the U.S. Supreme Court upholds the tough 1-y.-o. Uniform Sentencing Guidelines for people convicted of federal crimes, overruling 150+ trial judges who had struck down the guidelines as nuts because they violate separation of powers - the boy's not right in the head? On Jan. 19 the Senate Foreign Relations Committee votes unanimously to recommend that the full Senate approve the nomination of 6'1" James Addison Baker III (1930-) as U.S. secy. of state (until Aug. 23, 1992). On Jan. 20 Milton, Mass.-born Yale U. grad, WWII U.S. Navy pilot, and CIA dir. #11 (1976-7) ("the Resume Candidate") George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-2018) becomes the 41st U.S. pres. (until Jan. 20, 1993) in the 60th U.S. Pres. Inauguration in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., becoming the first Pres. George since #1 George Washington, the first incumbent vice-pres. elected by direct election in 152 years since Van Buren, as well as the first CIA dir. to become pres., and the sixth lefty U.S. pres. (last Reagan, next Clinton); continues the tradition of all Mass.-born U.S. presidents being born in Norfolk County (John Adams (1735-1826), John Quincy Adams (1767-1848), JFK); the inaug. theme is "Peace, Prosperity, and Independence"; Bush's inaugural speech promises to lead in a "moment rich with promise"; "A President is neither prince nor pope, and I don't seek a window on men's souls. In fact, I yearn for a greater tolerance, and easygoingness about each other's attitudes and way of life"; 1974 crypto-literate Indiana U. law grad James Danforth "Dan" Quayle (1947-) becomes the 44th U.S. vice-pres. (until Jan. 20, 1993); his wife (whom he met in law school at Indiana U.) is Marilyn Tucker Quayle (1949-) (tuck a quail joke here?); First Lady is Barbara Bush (1925-) (who bears a striking resemblance to George Washington?) (Secret Service codename: Tranquility); First Dog is springer spaniel Millie (1985-97). On Jan. 22 Super Bowl XXIII (23) is held in Miami, Fla.; the San Francisco 49ers (NFC) come from behind to defeat the Cincinnati Bengals (AFC) 20-16 with "the Catch" (Montana to Rice) after San Francisco begins on their 8-yard line, and ends with a 10-yard TD completion to 49ers WR (#82) John Gregory Taylor (1962-) with 34 sec. left, who also makes a record 45-yard punt return; Bengals punter (#11) Leland Eric "Lee" Johnson (1961-) makes a SB record 63-yard punt; 49ers WR (#80) Jerry Lee Rice (1962-) is SB MVP; Bengals QB (#7) (1984-92) Norman Julius "Boomer" Esiason (1961-) wins the NFL MVP award, and is named to the Pro Bowl, but is so depressed by the SB loss that he declines to play in it. On Jan. 23 an earthquake rocks landlocked mountainous Tajikistan in C Asia between Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and China, killing 272. He may be out, but a decade of Reagan has its effect in the Supreme Court? On Jan. 23, 1989 the U.S. Supreme (Rehnquist) Court rules 6-3 in City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. that a city-run minority set-aside program with "rigid" racial quotas giving preference to minority business enterprises in the awarding of municipal contracts is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment unless the city demonstrates a compelling interest rather than vague claims of past societal discrimination, with Justice Sandra Day O'Connor writing the soundbyte: "To accept Richmond's claim that past societal discrimination alone can serve as the basis for rigid racial preferences would be to open the door to competing claims for 'remedial relief' for every disadvantaged group. The dream of a Nation of equal citizens in a society where race is irrelevant to personal opportunity and achievement would be lost in a mosaic of shifting preferences based on inherently unmeasurable claims of past wrongs. Courts would be asked to evaluate the extent of the prejudice and consequent harm suffered by various minority groups. Those whose societal injury is thought to exceed some arbitrary level of tolerability then would be entitled to preferential classification. We think such a result would be contrary to both the letter and the spirit of a constitutional provision whose central command is equality"; dissenting Justice Antonin Scalia doesn't believe that race-based programs are constitutional, period; the court follows with decisions on June 5 in Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Antonio and on June 12 in Martin v. Wilks weakening affirmative action in procedural ways. On Jan. 24 confessed serial killer Theodore "Ted" Bundy (b. 1946) is executed in Fla.'s extra crispy chair for the 1978 kidnap-murder of 12-y.-o. Kimberly Leach. On Jan. 25 the Senate Armed Services Committee opens confirmation hearings on the nomination of former U.S. Sen. (R-Tex.) (1961-85) John Goodwin Tower (1925-91) (chmn. of the Senate Armed Services Committee in 1981-5) to be secy. of defense; on Feb. 23 it votes against recommending him, after which on Mar. 8 four undecided Senate Dems. announce that they have decided against him, and on Mar. 9 the Senate rejects President Bush's nomination of John Tower for defense secy. by a vote of 53-47, becoming the first cabinet nominee of a newly-elected U.S. pres. to be rejected; on Mar. 10 Bush announces the nomination of Lincoln, Neb.-born Repub. Wyom. Rep. (since Jan. 3, 1979) Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (1941-), who is unanimously confirmed on Mar. 17, and sworn-in as U.S. defense secy. #17 on Mar. 21 (until Jan. 20, 1993). On Jan. 25 the gov.-gen. of Australia approves the Australian War Crimes Amendment Act allowing Nazi war criminals to be tried. On Jan. 26 Va. lt. gov. Lawrence Douglas Wilder launches his successful campaign to become the first elected black gov. of a U.S. state. On Jan. 26 after Pakistani gen. Hamid Gul (1936-) diverts mujahideen fighting the Soviet-Afghan War to start an uprising in East Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir in N India, the Indian flag is raised in Kashmir, causing India to send paramilitary troops; Gul goes on to become the "Father of the Taliban". On Jan. 27 Pres. Bush holds an informal White House news conference in which he defends a widely-criticized pay raise for Congress scheduled to go into effect in Feb. On Jan. 27 after protests and publicity, the Dutch Parliament votes 85-55 to release Nazi war criminals Ferdinand aus der Funten (1901-) and Franz Fischer (1912-) from their life sentences. On Jan. 29 West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl's Christian Dem. Union suffers a major setback in West Berlin elections; the new ultra right-wing Repub. Party led by former Waffen SS soldier Franz Schonhuber (Schonhüber) wins 11 of 138 seats in parliament, causing 10K to march in Berlin against Nazism. On Jan. 30 the U.S. embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes. On Jan. 30 former criminal defense lawyer Joel Steinberg (1941-) is convicted in New York of 1st-degree manslaughter in the death of his illegally adopted 6-y.-o. daughter Lisa. On Jan. 31 jury selection begins in the trial of former National Security Council aide Oliver North, charged in connection with the Iran-Contra Affair; he is later convicted on three counts, but those convictions are set aside, and the case is not retried. In Jan. in lovely South Africa Soweto physician Abu Baker Aswat is killed; Thulani Dlamini is later convicted and sentenced to 25 years in prison, and testifies in 1997 that Winnie Mandela (1936-2018), wife of Nelson Mandela paid him for the murder because Aswat wouldn't provide her an alibi for the murder of 14-y.-o. alleged informer Stompie Moeketsi (James Seipei) (1974-88) on Dec. 29, 1988 by the "Winnie Mandela Football Club"; in 1993 she is convicted of kidnapping and accessory to assault, and receives a 6-year sentence, reduced to a fine on appeal. In Jan. faced with dwindling forests the govt. of Thailand bans logging, throwing thousands of elephants and their mahouts out of work. On Feb. 1 Vice-Pres. Dan Quayle begins a trip to Venezuela and El Salvador - his first diplomatic mission - plant me a potatoe? On Feb. 2 Pres. Bush meets at the White House with Japanese PM Noboru Takeshita, after which both leaders sound upbeat about U.S-Japanese relations - pass the toilet paper? On Feb. 2 former Venezuelian pres. (1974-9) Carlos Andres Perez is reelected (until May 20, 1993), and unlike his smooth first term, he ends up facing two attempted coups in 1992 and impeachment for financial misconduct. On Feb. 3 after Stroessner closes all currency exchanges, incl. the one he runs, then gives him an ultimatum to become his defense minister or retire, long-time supporter and alleged cocaine trafficker Gen. Andres Rodriguez Pedotti (1923-97) leads a coup which ousts the 35-y.-o. regime of pres. (since Aug. 15, 1954) Gen. Alfredo Stroessner (1912-2006) of Paraguay, letting him go into exile, becoming pres. #47 of Paraguay (until Aug. 15, 1993), going on to end repression, cancel the de facto state of siege, abolish the death penalty, and order new elections for May 1, which give him 74% of the vote; despite pressure from Red China, he maintains relations with Taiwan. On Feb. 3 20 villages in Belorussia (Belarus) are evacuated after high levels of radiation contamination from Chernobyl are found. On Feb. 4 Soviet foreign minister Eduard Shevardnadze wraps up four days of high-level talks in China, becoming the first visit by a Soviet foreign minister in three decades. On Feb. 4 snowfall reaches 66 in. after a 6-day storm in Wolf Creek, Colo. On Feb. 5 Sky News is founded by Ruport Mudoch, going profitable in Mar. 1992, becoming the first 24-hour news channel in the U.K. On Feb. 7 after public outrage both houses of the U.S. Congress vote to kill their scheduled 51% pay increase. On Feb. 8 144 people are killed when a U.S.-chartered Boeing 707 filled with Italian tourists slams into a fog-covered mountain in the Azores. On Feb. 10 Ronald Harmon "Ron" Brown (1941-96) is elected chmn. of the Dem. Nat. Committee, becoming the first African-Am. to head a major U.S. political party. On Feb. 10 Michael Manley becomes PM of Jamaica again (until Mar. 30, 1992) after backing down on his Socialist stance and advocating a role for private enterprise and recognizing the new Soviet Union-free world; he ends up stepping down three years later because of bad health. On Feb. 11 Hungary approves independent parties and a multiparty system. On Feb. 12 the special prosecutor in the Iran-Contra case and the Justice Dept. reach an agreement on protecting classified materials aimed at allowing the trial of Oliver North to proceed, but the next day the judge sends the jury home as the disagreement continues. On Feb. 12 in Belfast Roman Catholic human rights atty. Patrick "Pat" Finucane (b. 1949), active in the defense of IRA suspects is shot and killed by a lone gunman as he sits down to dinner with his family at home; the Protestant Ulster Defense Assoc. claims responsibility, and in Sept. 2004 member Ken Barrett pleads guilty to murder; in 2011 British PM David Cameron admits British intel collusion. On Feb. 14 (Valentine's Day) Ayatollah Khomeini issues a fatwa (Islamic legal-religious opinion) calling on Muslims to award him a, er, kill Bomb, er, Bombay-born British Indian novelist Ahmed Salman Rushdie (1947-) (all mad salmon rush to die?) for his 4th novel The Satanic Verses (pub. last year), condemning it as blasphemous to Big Lalala and his son Little Mo, causing the British govt. to put him under police protection; on Feb. 17 Khomeini gives Rushdie a Muslim chance to apologize and save himself, or die, and Rushdie apologizes on Feb. 18, after which Khomeini exhorts Muslims to "send him to Hell" anyway; on Feb. 20 members of the European Economic Community decide to withdraw their top diplomats from Iran to protest Khomeini's order; on Feb. 21 Pres. George H.W. Bush calls Khomeini's death warrant "deeply offensive to the norms of civilized behavior"; Khomeini tells Bush to stuff it on Feb. 22, saying that pub. of Rushdie's work is a sign from Allah that Iran should not reach out to the West; the Iranian govt. also sentences Rushdie to death on Feb. 24; meanwhile Sunni Egyptian Nobel Prize winner Naghib Mahfouz stinks himself up by backing the fatwa on a fellow novelist; Rushdie spends the next decade in hiding rushing around not to die, and is knighted in England in 2007. On Feb. 14 Union Carbide agrees to pay $470M to the govt. of India in a court-ordered settlement of the 1984 Bhopal gas leak disaster - a record for India. On Feb. 15 the Soviet Union announces the pullout of the last of its troops from Afghanistan, and begins unilateral withdrawal of troops from Eastern Europe. On Feb. 16 investigators reveal that a bomb hidden inside a radio-controlled cassette player brought down Pan Am Flight 103 the previous Dec. On Feb. 24 a cargo door blows off United Air Lines Flight 811 (Boeing 747-122) flying near Hawaii, sucking nine passengers into space. On Feb. 24, 1989 a state funeral is held in Japan for Emperor Hirohito (b. 1901), who died on Jan. 7; on Feb. 25 Pres. Bush leaves Japan, where he had attended the funeral, and arrives in China for a 3-day visit, which is marred on Feb. 26 by the refusal of Chinese authorities to allow its #1 dissident, astrophysicist ("China's Andrei Sakharov") Fang Li-Zhi (Lizhi) (1936-) to attend a banquet hosted by Bush; he later flees to the U.S. embassy after the 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre. On Feb. 25 the sitcom Coach debuts on ABC-TV for 197 episodes (until May 14, 1997), starring Craig Theodore Nelson (1944-) Hayden Fox, head coach of the Minn. State U. Screaming Eagles. On Feb. 27 Pres. Bush warns of what he calls the "fool's gold" of trade protectionism in an address to South Korea's nat. assembly. On Feb. 28 in Chicago, Ill., Richard Michael Daley (1942-), son of mayor Richard J. Daley defeats acting mayor Eugene Sawyer in a Dem. primary election, and is sworn-in on Apr. 24 as Chicago mayor #43 (until May 16 2011); in Dec. 2006 he announces that he will seek 6 terms, beating his father's record (1955-76) by Dec. 25, 2010. On Feb. 28/Mar. 1 (night) the weekly newspaper Riverdale Press in Bronx, N.Y. is firebombed one week after pub. an editorial supporting Salman Rushdie's right to publish "The Satanic Verses". In Feb. the Slovenes form an opposition party to Communist rule. On Mar. 1 the Senate overwhelmingly approves Dr. Louis W. Sullivan to be secy. of health and human services and Adm. James D. Watkins to be secy. of energy. On Mar. 1 three teenagers in New Jersey assault a mentally retarded girl with a broom and a baseball bat as up to 10 classmates watch; they get 15 years in a youth facility in 1997. On Mar. 2 reps from the 12 European Community nations agree to ban all production of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) by the end of this cent. On Mar. 2 the tanker Exxon Houston runs aground in Hawaii, spilling 117K gal. of oil. On Mar. 2 Madonna's song "Like a Prayer" debuts on a worldwide Pepsi commercial, becoming controversial. On Mar. 4 Time, Inc. and Warner Communications, Inc. announce a $14B deal to merge into the world's largest media and entertainment conglomerate. On Mar. 4 Eastern Airlines machinists go on strike and are joined by pilots and flight attendants; on Mar. 5 a federal judge issues an order temporarily prohibiting rail workers from honoring the Eastern picket lines; on Mar. 6 Eastern Airlines shuts down all but three routes; on Mar. 9 it files for bankruptcy. On Mar. 8 daily artillery barrages between Christian and Syrian forces and their militia allies begin in Beirut; at least 930 people are killed before a ceasefire takes hold in Sept. On Mar. 11 COPS, produced by John Langley debuts on Fox Network (until ?), filming real U.S. cops in action, incl. alleged abuses of power, becoming the only TV show with "no script, no actors, no host, and no re-enactments"; the first episode features the Broward County, Fla. sheriff's office; too bad, it focuses on busts of poor people; the catchy theme song Bad Boys is performed by the reggae group Inner Circle. On Mar. 12 2.5K veterans and supporters march at the Art Inst. of Chicago to demand that officials remove a U.S. flag placed on the floor as part of a student's exhibit. On Mar. 13 the U.S. FDA begins a quarantine of all fruit imported from Chile after traces of cyanide are found in two Chilean grapes. On Mar. 13 Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off from Cape Canaveral, Fla. on a 5-day mission, returning on Mar. 18. On Mar. 14 in a policy shift the Bush admin. announces an indefinite ban on imports of semiautomatic assault rifles. On Mar. 15 Soviet Pres. Gorbachev convenes a 2-day meeting of the Communist Party Central Committee to decide on agricultural reforms; on Mar. 16 they approve them and elect the party's 100 members to the new Congress of People's Deputies - no matter what is in this box we are still family? On Mar. 17 Wyo. Rep. Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (1941-) is unanimously confirmed by the Senate to be U.S. defense secy. #17, taking office on Mar. 20 (until Jan. 20, 1993); on his first day on the job, he gets lost in the basement of the Pentagon for an hour - really all night but covered-up? On Mar. 19 Alfredo Cristiani (Burkard) (1948-) of the right-wing ARENA party is elected pres. of El Salvador (until 1994), defeating Fidel Chavez Mena of the Christian Dem. Party; rebel FMLN forces stage an offensive. On Mar. 20 after being appointed by Pres. George H.W. Bush, Orange, N.J.-born diplomat Thomas Reeve "Tom" Pickering (1931-) (U.S. ambassador to Jordan in 1974-8, Nigeria in 1981-3, El Salvador in 1983-5, and Israel in 1985-8) becomes U.S. U.N. ambasbador #18 (until May 7, 1992), going on to help lead the U.N. Security Council during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, upstaging U.S. secy. of state James A. Baker so much that Bush makes him the U.S. ambassador to India on Aug. 14, 1992 (until Mar. 23, 1993), after which Pres. Clinton makes him U.S. ambassador to Russia in 1993-6, and Madeleine Albright makes him undersecy. of state for political affairs in 1997-2000 after being passed over for secy. of state for her, causing Time mag. to call him the "five star general of the diplomatic corps". On Mar. 20 Randall Dale Adams (1949-), whose death sentence conviction for killing a police officer is questioned after the documentary The Thin Blue Line challenged basic evidence is released from a Texas prison. On Mar. 24 (12:04 a.m. local time) the nation's worst oil spill (until 2010) occurs as the supertanker Exxon Valdez, under Capt. Joseph Jeffrey Hazelwood (1946-) runs into Bligh Reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound and begins leaking 260K barrels (10.8M gal.) of crude out of its cargo of 54M gal., its remote location making cleanup efforts more difficult as the oil covers 1.3K mi. of coastline and 11K sq. mi. of ocean; Hazelwood is cleared of being intoxicated and convicted of negligent discharge of oil, fined $50K, and sentenced to 1K hours of community service. On Mar. 26 in the Soviet Union's first real election, Boris N. Yeltsin (1931-2007) wins a landslide V in Moscow, getting 89% of the vote for leadership of the Communist Party, and filling 1.5K of 2K seats in the new Congress of People's Deputies; despite Party officials waiting 10 days to announce results, New York Times journalist Bill Keller (1949-) (later its ed.) organizes exit polls by foreign journalists, giving instant news of Yeltin's big V. On Mar. 26 (Sun.) the sci-fi TV series Quantum Leap debuts on NBC-TV for 96 episodes (until May 5, 1993), starring Scott Stewart Bakula (1954-) as scientist Dr. Samuel Beckett, who gets lost in his own lifetime in the botched Quantum Leap experiment, leaping from life to life while maintaining contact only with his cigar-smoking babe-chasing hologram friend Adm. A. Calavicci, played by former child star Dean Stockwell (1936-); the show is a thin disguise for reliving historical moments in the 1950s-60s and giving them a leftist twist? On Mar. 29 Chinese dissident Wei Jingsheng (1950-) is arrested in the crackdown on the Democracy Wall pro-democracy movement and sentenced to 15 years for writing articles questioning the regime; the Commie bastards ruin his teeth and give him heart problems. On Mar. 29 two armed Czech teenies hijack Malev Hungarian Airlines Flight 640 (Tu-154B) with 15 aboard in the Prague Ruznye Airport, flying it to Frankfurt before surrendering. On Mar. 29 the 61st Academy Awards, presented at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, Calif. and hosted by various pairs of presenters (no host again until 2019) awards the best picture Oscar for 1988 to United Artists' Rain Man, along with best actor to Dustin Hoffman, and best dir. to Barry Levinson; best actress goes to Jodie Foster for The Accused, best supporting actor to Kevin Kline for A Fish Called Wanda, and best supporting actress to Geena Davis for The Accidental Tourist; winners are announced with the PC phrase "And the Oscar goes to" rather than "And the winner is". In Mar. the Round Table Talks begin in Poland, resulting in the signing of the Round Table Accords on Apr. 5, relegalizing Solidarity after a 7-year ban; elections on June 4 result in Solidarity candidates sweeping the senate and parliamentary seats; W. Jaruzelski is elected pres. by the parliament. On Apr. 2 Mikhail Gorbachev begins a visit to Cuba despite differences with Fidel Castro over the type of reforms being instituted in the Soviet Union. On Apr. 6 Mikhail Gorbachev meets with British PM Margaret Thatcher in London. On Apr. 7 the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine Komsomolets catches fire and sinks in the Norwegian Sea, killing 42. On Apr. 8 the Supreme Soviet amends its infamous Article 70 of the criminal code, dramatically decreasing prison terms and fines for dissidents. On Apr. 9 hundreds of thousands march in Washington, D.C. demanding continued access to safe and legal abortion. On Apr. 9 troops under Gen. Lebed using clubs and gas go overboard and kill 18 anti-Kremlin protesters, incl. 16 women and children in Tbilisi, Georgia, and injure 4K, causing party leadership in Georgia to accept the blame and resign on Apr. 14. On Apr. 11 Mexican officials unearth the remains of 12 of 13 victims of a drug-trafficking cult near Matamoros, incl. U. Texas student Mark Kilroy, who disappeared while on spring break. On Apr. 12 Janos Berecz and three other conservative anti-reform members are expelled from the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party Central Committee. On Apr. 12 radical activist Abbie Hoffman is found dead at his home in New Hope, Penn. at age 52; he suffered from bipolar mental illness that was only diagnosed in 1980. On Apr. 14 testimony concludes in the Iran-Contra trial of former Nat. Security Council staff member Oliver L. North; on May 4 North is convicted of shredding documents and two other crimes and acquitted of nine other charges; all three convictions are later overturned on appeal. On Apr. 14 Sinaloa, Mexico-born former winery worker Ramon Bojorquez (Ramón Bojórquez) Salcido (1961-) kills six relatives incl. his wife and two young daughters, plus a co-worker in Sonoma County, leaving a third daughter lying in a field beside her dead sisters with her throat slashed for 36 hours before being rescued; he is convicted and sentenced to death in Oct. 1990. On Apr. 15 96 are killed and 766 injured in a crush of Liverpool soccer fans against high fences at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, England in a game against Nottingham Forest, becoming Britain's worst sporting accident (until ?), causing the passage of right-to-die laws after Tony "Blandy" Bland is left in a coma, and his family is allowed to remove his feeding tube on Feb. 22, 1993. The Chinese Spring ends in the Tank Man? On Apr. 15 in China former party chief Hu Yaobang dies, and thousands of students in Shanghai and Beijing take to the streets to mourn him; on Apr. 18 they try to storm the Communist Party HQ in Beijing; by Apr. 21 tens of thousands crowd Tiananmen Square, waving banners demanding greater political freedoms, with "black hand" Liu Xiaobo (1955-) leading the fight for multiparty democracy, then persuading students to leave the square before the troops massacre them, for which he is awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize; by Apr. 27 there are 150K protesters (10% of the pop. of Beijing), and 300K army troops are called in (first time since Communism took over?), but the rural troops are easily loved-up by the privileged (children of the elite) students, and disperse within four days sans bloodshed inside the square, although troops fire on protesters outside the center of Beijing en route to the square, and some tracer bullets are fired into the square - my, my, black-eyed pea? On Apr. 16 Spain's envoy to Lebanon Pedro Manuel de Aristegui (b. 1927) is killed by shelling between Christian militiamen and an alliance of Syrian and Muslim gunners. On Apr. 16 Crocker Nat. Bank employee Scott Raymond Adams (1957-) of San Francisco, Calif. begins pub. the Dilbert comic strip, about an engineer, his pet dog Dogbert, the Pointy-Haired Boss, Alice, and Wally. On Apr. 17 after being instigated by Newt Ginrich in 1988, the House Ethics Committee releases its report accusing House Speaker (since 1987) Jim Wright (known for asking too many questions about CIA involvement in Nicaragua) of violating House rules on the acceptance of gifts and outside income; he denies the charges, but resigns on May 31, and on June 6 is replaced by Thomas Stephen "Tom" Foley (1929-) (D-Wash.), who becomes House Speaker #57 (until Jan. 3, 1995); Wright resigns from Congress on June 30. On Apr. 19 (9:00 p.m. local time) a group of up to 50 black and Hispanic Harlem teenagers go "wilding" in Central Park, New York City looking for random whites to terrorize and rape, and chase down, rape, and beat Trisha Ellen Meili (1962-), a 28-y.-o. Wall Street investment banker, who becomes known as the Central Park Jogger; six teenagers are charged and five (four black, one Hispanic) are convicted, receiving 5-15-year sentences, until convicted serial murderer-rapist Matias Reyes confesses in 2002 that he did it alone, but is not prosecuted because of the statute of limitations, causing all five convictions to be vacated, and in 2003 they sue the city, which stalls until mayor Bill de Blasio authorizes a $41M settlement in 2014 - so let them off and I'll do their time? On Apr. 19 47 sailors are killed when a gun turret explodes aboard the USS Iowa; the Navy later attempts to lay the blame on seaman Clayton Hartwig, described as disappointed in a gay affair - he needed to get his gun off? On Apr. 23 William "Bill" Sokolin breaks a bottle of Chateau Margaux wine once owned by Thomas Jefferson (1787) at the Four Seasons restaurant in New York City. On Apr. 25 Japanese PM (since 1987) Noboru Takeshita announces his resignation in order to take responsibility for his involvement in Japan's Recruit stock scandal; he resigns in June after admitting to taking bribes, and is succeeded by Sosuke Uno (1923-98); the latter resigns over reports that he paid a geisha to be his mistress, and serves only 69 days. On Apr. 25 Mikhail Gorbachev secures the retirement of 74 Old Guard party members. On Apr. 28 Pres. Bush announces that the U.S. and Japan have concluded a deal on joint development of a new Japanese jet fighter, the FSX, amid concerns that the U.S. is giving Japan secret technology. On Apr. 29 China's govt. conducts informal talks with leaders of the democracy protests, and then televises the discussions - after heavy editing; they won't make that mistake again? On Apr. 30 Pres. Bush attends a parade in New York City celebrating the bicentennial of the U.S. presidency. In Apr. the Guatemalan govt. opens negotiations with the URNG rebels; meanwhile death squads keeping working 9 to 5 while police murder dozens of street children in Guatemala City. On Apr. 4 after a neutrality and nonalignment amendment to the constitution forbidding any foreign military base or nuke-carrying ship in Maltese territory is passed, physician Vincent "Censu" Tabone (1913-) is elected as pres. #4 of Malta (until Apr. 4, 1994). On May 1 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins that an employer has the legal burden of proving that its refusal to hire or promote someone is based on legitimate and not discriminatory reasons - another big day for Sandra Day? On May 3 the first labor law recognizing the right to strike is passed in the Soviet Union. On May 3 PLO leader Yasser Arafat, ending a 2-day visit to France says that the PLO charter calling for the destruction of Israel has been "superseded" by a declaration urging peaceful coexistence with a Palestinian state. On May 5 Janos Kadar is ousted as Hungarian Socialist Workers Party pres. after historian Maria Ormos gives a speech to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences denouncing him as a Soviet puppet. On May 5 a federal judge orders sweeping changes in the FBI's promotion system months after the judge found that the bureau systematically discriminated against its Hispanic employees in advancements and assignments - stuffing taco's ain't a legitimate job function? On May 9 Pres. Bush complains that Panama's May 7 elections were marred by "massive irregularities", and calls for worldwide pressure on Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega to step down; on May 10 Noriega's govt. nullifies the elections in which the opposition had won by a 3-1 margin; on May 13 Bush calls for Noriega's overthrow. On May 12 the nation's largest airline computer reservation system, the American Airlines Sabre system shuts down for nearly 12 hours, disrupting the operations of thousands of travel agencies nationwide. On May 13 4K students begin a hunger strike for democracy in Tiananmen Square; on May 15-16 Mikhail Gorbachev visits Beijing for the first Sino-Soviet summit since the Sino-Soviet rift 30 years earier; on May 17 1M swarm into C Beijing to express support for the fasting Chinese students. On May 17 a court in Frankfurt, West Germany sentences Mohammed Ali Hamadi to life in prison for his role in the 1985 TWA hijacking; he is paroled by Germany in Dec. 2005 after serving 19 years of a life sentence. On May 18 (a.m.) Chinese PM Li Peng meets with student hunger protesters at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. On May 18 the Lithuanian Supreme Council passes a declaration of sovereignty, and on Dec. 19-20 the Lithuanian Communist Party splits from the Soviet Communist Party. On May 18 Estonia votes to give itself full control over its economy, and introduces the koru to replace the ruble. On May 19 the NCAA announces sanctions against the U. of Kentucky Basketball Program for recruiting and academic violations. On May 19 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. passes the 2.5K mark, ending the day at 2,501.10. On May 19 a bus plunges 90 ft. into the Mantaro River outside of Jauja, Peru, killing 45. On May 19 after Chinese pro-democracy protests cause Beijing officials to declare martial law, they order CBS and CNN to end their live on-scene reports; on May 21 thousands of native Chinese march in Hong Kong, Paris, Tokyo and scores of other cities in a worldwide show of support for the pro-democracy demonstrators in Beijing; on May 22 100+ top Chinese military leaders vow to refrain from entering Beijing to suppress pro-democracy demonstrations; on May 23 1M in Beijing and tens of thousands in other Chinese cities march to demand that hardliner PM Li Peng resign; on May 24 China's top army command pub. a letter strongly supporting him; on May 30 student demonstrators in Tiananmen Square erect a 33-ft. statue called the Goddess of Democracy, resembling the U.S. Statue of Liberty, complete with blazing torch - their fate's sealed now, give them a week at most? On May 22 Mikhail Gorbachev is elected to the new post of chmn. of the Supreme Soviet, officializing his de facto position held since Oct. 1988. On May 23 Miss Universe 1989 sees Netherlands contestant Angela Visser (1966-) (first winner from that country) become the last true blonde Miss Universe of the millennium. On May 26 reports begin circulating that House Majority Whip and mortuary king Anthony "Tony" Coelho (1942-) would resign to spare himself and the Dem. Party the ordeal of an investigation into his ethics violations. On May 29 bowing to public demand, the Supreme Soviet allows Boris N. Yeltsin to take a seat in the standing legislature. On May 31 House Speaker Jim Wright announces his resignation, and is succeeded by Thomas Stephen Foley (1929-) from Spokane, Wash. On May 31 Boris N. Yeltsin of the Congress of People's Deputies criticizes Mikhail Gorbachev for the failures of perestroika, and presents an alternative economic program based on reduced capital spending; he also warns of the possibility of Gorby creating a "new dictatorship". In May Hungary begins dismantling border fences with Austria built during the 1960s, setting off the collapse of the East German system. In May Afghanistan guerrillas elect Sibghatullah Mojadidi as head of their govt.-in-exile. In May in Papua New Guinea, fighting on Bougainville Island forces the closure of Bougainville Copper, one of the world's ten largest copper mines. On June 3 a train collision in the Ural Mts. kills 575. On June 3 Ayatollah Khomeini (b. 1902) kicks off, and on Aug. 3 moderate centrist Ayatollah Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (1934-2017) (elected in June) is sworn in as pres. #4 of Iran (until Aug. 3, 1997), and on Aug. 4 he offers to help end the hostage crisis in Lebanon; since June 4 the real power is a 12-man Guardian Council overseen by rabid anti-U.S. and anti-Zionist Khomeini clone Ayatollah Ali Hoseyni (Hosseini) Khamenei (Khamene'i) (1939-) (pres. of Iran since 1981), who becomes the new supreme assashola of the Islamic Repub. of Iran (until ?); the council can veto any law passed by the elected govt. - who said Islam is anything but a theocracy? As Russia's Communism thaws out, China's hardens? On June 3 (night) peaceful student protests in China for democracy by the Chinese Democracy Movement are ended by govt. violence in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (June Fourth Incident), as troops obey an order to disperse them by 6 a.m.; unknown numbers (180 to 10,454) are killed, and tens of thousands arrested, followed by endless show trials; mention of the date June 4 becomes so taboo that people begin to refer to it as May 35; on June 5 as the army has control of Beijing a lone man (worker not a student?) carrying shopping bags single-handedly confronts and stops a column of tanks while Western journalists secretly film him, dubbing him Tank Man (19-y.-o. Wang Wei Lin?); he is then whisked away by four civilians, who are probably state security personnel (might be pro-democracy people?), and is never identified or seen again, except for rumors of his execution; his example helps cause the Soviet regime to fall faster?; astrophysicist Fang Lizhi (1936-2012) is named China's most-wanted counterrev. criminal by the authorities, and seeks asylum in the U.S. Embassy in Beijing for a year before fleeing to the West; Chinese student Yu Dongyue (1967-) is arrested along with two friends for hurling eggs filled with red paint at the famous Big Painting of Mao (based on a 1950 portrait); he is released in 2006 after being tortured and going insane in prison; the Chinese govt. never permits political freedom, but it inexplicably opens the gates to capitalism, causing a boom leading to a 200M-member middle class within 15 years, incl. 110M Internet users, although China still has 750M poverty-stricken, nearly illiterate peasants to worry about, incl. 150M who live on $1 or less a day, and 300K held in reeducation-through-labor camps without trial, and a 99.7% conviction rate? On June 4 a gas explosion in the Soviet Union engulfs two passing trains near the cities of Ufa and Asha on the Trans-Siberian Railway, killing 645. On June 7 Surinam Airways Flight PY764 (DC-8) crashes in a tropical forest near the Paramaribo airport, killing 169. On June 8 Chinese PM Li Peng appears on Chinese TV praising a group of Red Army soldiers for crushing pro-democracy protests. On June 8 Ferenc Glatz (1941-), Hungarian minister of culture and education announces that beginning in Sept. the Russian language will no longer be required in Hungarian schools and univs. - some people take shortcuts? On June 14 former pres. Ronald Reagan receives an honorary knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II - it's okay, I'm in his fantasy league? On June 14 House Dems. choose Richard Andrew "Dick" Gephardt (1941-) of Mo. as majority leader and William Herbert Gray III (1941-2013) of Penn. as majority whip, becoming the highest leadership position in Congress held by a black; Gray later becomes pres. of the United Negro College Fund (1991-2004). June is Hungary month? On June 14 actor and famed dickteaser Zsa-Zsa Gabor (1917-) is arrested for slapping a motorcyle cop in Beverly Hills who had pulled her Rolls Royce over for expired license plates; despite the fact that most males would consider this a love slap and a compliment, she is later (Sept. 29) convicted of a bunch of trumped-up crap by cop dept. puppet judge (since 1983) Charles "Skip" Rubin of Beverly Hills Municipal Court, and made to do 120 hours of community service and serve 3 days in jail, fending off jailhouse dykes - the U.S. may be different than China in degree, but? On June 15 former interpreter for Richard Nixon on his 1972 China visit Charles W. "Chas" Freeman Jr. (1943-) becomes U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia (until Aug. 13, 1992), becoming known for criticism of Israel's right wing. On June 16 Hungarians pay homage to former PM Imre Nagy and four assocs. executed for leading the anti-Soviet revolt of 1956 on the 35th anniv. of his execution. On June 18 after the Koskotas Bank Scandal gen. elections in Greece gives Andreas Papandreou's PASOK Party a defeat as the center-right New Democracy Party finishes first, causing a temporary Communist-Conservative coalition with Tzannis Tzannetakis (1927-) of the NDP as PM on July 12-Oct. 12; on Nov. 5 a new election increases both PASOK's and NDP's share of the vote, and an all-party alliance is formed, led by former Bank of Greece gov. (known for making speeches in English in which all the underlying words are Greek) Xenophon Euthymiou Zolotas (1904-2004), who on Nov. 23 becomes PM (until next Apr. 11) until new elections can be held. On June 18 former French New Wave film dir. Claude Autant-Lara (1901-2000) is elected to the European Parliament as a member of the Nat. Front, becoming its oldest member, pissing-off the deputies in his maiden speech in July by voicing his concerns about the "American cultural threat"; he then gives an interview to the monthly Globe in Sept., voicing anti-Semitic opinions, incl. calling the Nazi gas chambers a "string of lies", after which the PC police get him to resign and also expelled from his seat as life vice-pres. of the French Academy of Fine Arts. On June 20 Soviet Pres. Gorbachev greets Hashemi Rafsanjani, speaker of Iran's parliament in Moscow. The U.S. confronts its own contradictions and is held together by a wet whisker? On June 21 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Tex. v. Johnson that burning the U.S. flag as a form of political protest is protected by the First Amendment, with Justice William J. Brennan uttering the soundbytes: "If there is a bedrock principle underlying the First Amendment, it is that the government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable", and: "We can imagine no more appropriate response to burning a flag than waving one's own, no better way to counter a flag burner's message than by saluting the flag that burns, no surer means of preserving the dignity even of the flag that burned than by - as one witness here did - according its remains a respectful burial. We do not consecrate the flag by punishing its desecration, for in doing so we dilute the freedom that this cherished emblem represents"; on June 27 clueless Pres. Bush, who represents millions who don't "get" it calls for a constitutional amendment to get around them, on the emotional jerkwater theory that soldiers died for "the flag" - we're talking about privately-owned facsimilies of U.S. flags, not govt.-owned flags, which are already protected? What's next, 20 years for eating a cake with flag icing? On June 22 the govt. of Angola and the anti-Communist rebels of the UNITA movement agree to a formal truce in their 14-y.-o. civil war. On June 23 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Murray v. Giarratano that indigent death row inmates don't have the right to a state-appointed atty. On June 23 the U.S. Supreme Court rules unanimously in Sable Communications of Calif. vs. FCC that Congress had gone too far in passing a law banning all sexually-oriented phone message services AKA dial-a-porn, drawing a distinction between indecent and obscene speech, with only the latter not being protected; it also recognizes a govt. need to protect children from speech that could be obscene to minors even if not to adults. On June 24 Chinese Communist Party general secy. Zhao Ziyang is ousted for allegedly supporting the democracy protests, and is replaced by Jiang Zemin (1926-2022), who becomes gen. secy. of the Communist Party of China (until Nov. 15, 2002), calling protesters a "counterrevolutionary rebellion" on June 26 and vowing no mercy. On June 24 two buses go over an embankment outside Estancia, Brazil, killing 31 and injuring 50. On June 26 the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the death penalty may be imposed for murderers who committed their crimes as young as age 16, and for mentally-retarded killers as well. On June 29 after Repubs. break with Pres. Bush and join Dems., the U.S. House of Reps. unanimously (418-0) votes in favor of new sanctions against Red China to punish its crackdown on the pro-democracy movement; China's trade status as a most-favored nation isn't rescinded. On June 30 Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski announces he will not run for Poland's new presidency, saying the people view him as the man who imposed martial law. On June 30 the Nat. Salvation Rev. in Sudan overthrows the elected coalition govt. of PM (since May 6, 1986) Sadiq al-Mahdi, and Gen. Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir (1944-), head of the Janjaweed militia becomes dictator pres.-PM by 1993 (until Apr. 11, 2019); the Umma Party and the Dem. Union party establish bases in Cairo and Eritrea and later ally with rebel groups that incl. the Southern People's Liberation Party; the Nat. Islamic Front (NIF) led by former minister of justice Hassan al-Turabi (1932) comes to power, working to implement Islamic Sharia in N Sudan while running a civil war against South Sudan, ruling with an iron hand; Bashir goes on to become the world's worst dictator by 2003, when he goes after Darfur in W Sudan, killing 200K-400K and displacing 2.5M of 6.2M, resulting in an arrest warrant from the Internat. Criminal Court (ICC) on July 12, 2010, becoming the first sitting head of state to be indicted by them. In the summer after the Communist leadership orders a brutal assimilation, ethnic Turks in Bulgaria riot, causing 250K-350K to depart for Turkey, becoming the largest mass migration since the end of WWII, causing the regime to topple; on Nov. 10 Bulgarian Communist ruler (since 1954) Todor Zhivkov (1911-98) is deposed after 35 years by a palace coup; the ouster is led by foreign minister Petar Toshev Mladenov (1936-2000), who becomes pres. #1 of the Bulgarian Repub. next Apr. 3 (until July 6, 1990). On July 1 63-y.-o. Playboy mag. founder Hugh Hefner marries 26-y.-o. Playmate of the Year Kimberly Faye Conrad (Conradt) (1962-) of Vancouver, Canada at the Playboy Mansion in Los Angeles, Calif.; his 2nd marriage after his first marriage to his college sweetheart ended 10 years ago, he had been preaching the Playboy Philosophy that "marriage kills romance"; they separate in 1998. On July 1 the Montreal Protocol, an internat. treaty (signed Sept. 16, 1987) dealing with ozone-destroying pollutants goes into effect. On July 2 former Soviet foreign minister (1957-85) and chmn. of the Presidium (1985-88) Andrei Gromyko dies in Moscow at age 79. On July 3 by the U.S. Supreme (Rehnquist) Court rules 5-4 in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services to uphold abortion restrictions in the "show me" state of Mo. On July 4 14-y.-o. "E.T." actress Drew Barrymore attempts suicide. On July 4 an unmanned Russian Mig-23 crashes in Bellegem-Kooigem, Belgium, killing 1. On July 4 Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in France for a 3-day visit that incl. an address to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg. On July 5 Oliver North receives a $150K fine and a suspended prison term for his part in Iran-Contra; the convictions are later overturned. On July 5 The Seinfeld Chronicles, later titled Seinfeld, created by Big Apple Jewish comedians Lawrence Gene "Larry" David (1947-) and Jerome "Jerry" Seinfeld (1954-) debuts on NBC-TV for 180 episodes (until May 14, 1998), co-starring Julia Scarlett Elizabeth Louis-Dreyfus (1961-) as Jerry's ex-girlfriend Elaine Benes, Michael Anthony Richards (1949-) as Jerry's wacky neighbor Cosmo Kramer, and Jason Alexander (Jay Scott Greenspan) (1959-) as Jerry's best friend George Costanza, pioneering postmodern TV with 30-something New York City singles "with vague identities, no roots, and conscious indifference to morals", with a "no hugging, no learning rule", and "a show about nothing" aura, popularizing catchphrases incl. "Yada yada yada", "No soup for you", "These pretzels are making me thirsty", and "Not that there's anything wrong with that", and terms incl. "Festivus", "spongeworthy", "double-dipping", and "re-gifter"; its first season is a ratings disappointment, then it takes over the top of the ratings from 1994-8 - not that there's anything wrong with that? On July 6 the U.S. Army destroys its last Pershing 1-A missiles at an ammunition plant in Karnack, Tex. under the terms of the 1987 INF Treaty. On July 6 the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem Bus 405 Attack sees Palestinian Islamic Jihad member Abd al-Hadi Ghanayem (1964-) grab the steering wheel of a crowded Israeli bus, causing a crash that kills 16 civilians and wounds 30, becoming the first Palestianian suicide attack; Ghanayem receives 16 life sentences. On July 7 a bus plunges 100 ft. ito a ravine outside Baramula, Jammu and Kashmir, India, killing 50 and injuring 20. On July 8 after defeating Peronist Antonio Cafiero in the primary and promising a "salariazo" (big pay increase) for the working class, Carlos Saul Menem (1930-) becomes pres. #50 of Argentina (until Dec. 9, 1999) in the country's first peaceful transfer of power from one democratically-elected civilian leader to another of the opposition since Hipolito Yrigoyen in 1916. On July 9 Pres. Bush begins a visit to Poland, then on July 12 visits Hungary. On July 12 schizo French farmer Christian Dornier (1958-) goes on a shooting rampage in Luxiol in E France, killing 14 and injuring eight before being captured. On July 13 Washington, D.C. atty. Thomas L. Root (1953-) is rescued after ditching his private plane in the Atlantic Ocean near the Bahamas; he had suffered a mysterious gunshot wound to the stomach; on June 6, 1990 he pleads guilty to five counts of forgery and fraud in representing clients seeking FM radio licenses before the FCC. On July 13 Cuba executes four military officers for conspiring to smuggle drugs to the U.S. incl. Cuban spymaster Col. Antonio de la Guardia of the Interior Ministry, and Army Gen. Arnaldo Ochoa; Gen. Patricio de la Guardia, Antonio's twin is sentenced to 30 years. On July 14 leaders of the seven richest nations, incl. Pres. Bush open the G-7 Summit in Paris, which is culminating a year-long celebration of the bicentennial of the French Rev. with pomp and pageantry; on July 16 they call for "decisive action" against global pollution. On July 16 a heavy rain causes a landslide that collapses a tunnel with a minibus inside it in Echizen, Fukui, Japan, killing 15. On July 19 (3:16 p.m.) United Flight 232 en route from Denver, Colo. to Chicago, Ill. makes headlines for the miraculous survival of most passengers after the crew under Capt. Alfred C. Haynes (1932-) lands it without power in a cornfield near Sioux City, Iowa, saving 184 of 296 aboard. On July 20 Burmese democracy fighter Daw Aung San Suu Kyi is placed under house arrest by the military-run govt. - keep that democracy stuff at home? On July 21 after Soviet spy (in Vienna) Reino Gikman (1930-) is wiretapped tipping him off on Apr. 27, the U.S. State Dept. confirms an ABC News report that veteran U.S. diplomat (32 years) Felix S. Bloch (1935-) is being investigated as a possible Soviet spy, connected with Robert Hanssen; he is fired in 1990 without being charged. On July 22 nearly 200K Palestinian children return to classrooms in the West Bank after the Israeli army lifts an order that had kept their schools closed during the Palestinian uprising. On July 23 Japan's ruling Liberal Dem. Party loses its majority in the upper house of the Diet in parliamentary elections for the first time since 1955. On July 23 Tsutomu Miyazaki (1962-2008) is arrested for attempting to insert a zoom lens into a schoolgirl's vagina in a park, going on to blame it on his alter-ego Rat Man, becoming known as "the Human Dracula" "the Otaku Murderer" and "the Little Girl Murderer" for abducting and murdering four girls in Tokyo and Saitama Prefectures in Aug. 1988-June 1989 then having sex with the corpses before engaging in canibalism and sending letters to the victims' families bragging about it; he is hanged on June 17, 2008. On July 27 workers at the Nissan Motor Corp. assembly plant in Smyrna, Tenn. vote 2-1 against representation by the United Auto Workers (UAW). On July 27 a Korean Air Lines DC-10 crashes in Libya, killing 80. On July 28 Israeli commandos abduct pro-Iranian Shiite Muslim Hezbollah cleric Sheik Abdul-Karim Obeid from his home in S Lebanon - the amazing slam dunks of Levi ben James? On July 29 Poland's newly elected pres. Wojciech Jaruzelski resigns as Communist Party first secy., and is succeeded by PM #10 (1988-9) Mieczyslaw Rakowski (1926-2008), who becomes first secy. #7 (until Jan. 29, 1990). On July 30 in Lebanon the pro-Iranian Islamic group Org. for the Oppressed on Earth threatens to kill U.S. hostage Marine Lt. Col. William Richard "Rich" Higgins (1945-90) unless Israel releases Sheik Abdul-Karim Obeid; on July 31, 1990 they release a grisly videotape showing his body hanging from a rope - man, you gotta ride it to believe it? On July 30 Boris N. Yeltsin forms the "Interregional Group" of 200 Soviet deputies as an unofficial opposition to Mikhail Gorbachev. In July 12K miners in the Donbass and Kuzbass coalfields in Russia strike for better working conditions, causing Mikhail Gorbachev to call it the most serious threat yet to perestroika. In July Mikhail Gorbachev declares that the friendly Soviet Union will no longer interfere in the internal affairs of Eastern Europe - say again? In July Mexican Pres. Carlos Salinas de Gortari forces PRI gubernatorial candidates on the states of Michoacan and Guerrero after rival Dem. Rev. Party (PRD) of Cuauhtemoc Cardenas won them, then allows the less hostile Nat. Action Party (PAN) to win the gubernatorial election in Baja Calif. On Aug. 1 the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao in the Philippines is created, incl. the provinces of Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. On Aug. 2 abortion rights advocates gain a surprising V in the U.S. House of Reps., which votes against putting abortion curbs in a spending bill for the District of Columbia. On Aug. 5 five Central Am. presidents begin meeting in Honduras to discuss a timetable for dismantling Nicaraguan Contra bases. On Aug. 5 after Victor Paz Estenssoro (1907-2001) retires as Bolivia's #1 politician of the cent., pres. elections in Bolivia produce no clear victor, Gen. Hugo Banzer Suarez makes a deal called the "Patriotic Accord" to permit flip-flopping Marxist-Socialist Jaime Paz Zamora (1939-), co-founder of the Movement of the Rev. Left (MIR) and Unidad Democratica y Popular (UDP) to become pres. #73 of Bolivia (until Aug. 6, 1993); as a "neoliberal" now, he goes along with Estenssoro's privatization program as well as the U.S. war on drugs, but only so far, becoming known for "muddling through", probably getting money under the table, his main achivement being getting Bolivia into the 1993 World Cup of Soccer; too bad, his selling out to Banzer to become el presidente kills the MIR. On Aug. 7 a small plane carrying U.S. Rep. (D-Tex.) (since Jan. 3, 1979) George Thomas "Mickey" Leland III (b. 1944) and 15 others disappears during a flight in Ethiopia; the wreckage of the plane is found six days later; there are no survivors. On Aug. 8 Space Shuttle Columbia blasts off from Cape Canaveral on a secret 5-day military mission, returning on Aug. 13. On Aug. 9 Toshiki Kaifu (1931-) is elected PM #48 of Japan, and is sworn in on Aug. 10 (until Nov. 5, 1991), succeeding Sousuke Uno. On Aug. 9 in Mexico a train falls into the San Rafael River after a bridge collapses, killing 112. On Aug. 9 the Savings and Loan (S&L) Crisis, the failure of 747 S&L assocs. caused by speculation in junk bonds and SW U.S. real estate causes the U.S. Congress to pass the U.S. Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act, creating the Resolution Trust Corp. (RTC), designed by SEC chmn. Richard C. Breeden (1949-) to take over hundreds of failed S&Ls with a total debt of $180B and sell them debt-free to new buyers; it also abolishes the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corp. (FSLIC), giving the responsibility of insuring deposits to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC), and abolishes the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB), replacing it with the Federal Housing Finance Board (FHFB) and the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS); it also creates the Savings Assoc. Insurance Fund (SAIF) and the Bank Insurance Fund (BIF). On Aug. 10 Poland's Roman Catholic Church suspends an agreement to move nuns from a convent on the edge of Auschwitz, blaming Jewish groups for creating what it calls an "atmosphere of aggressive demands". On Aug. 10 a passenger train en route from Mazatlan to Mexicali near Los Mochis, Mexico derails and plunges off a bridge at Puente del Rio Bamoa, killing 85 and injuring 107. On Aug. 11 Poland's Solidarity-dominated Senate adopts a resolution expressing sorrow for the nation's participation in the 1968 Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia, and on Nov. 17-Dec. 29 the Velvet (Gentle) Rev. is on, starting with a student demonstration in Prague on Nov. 17 that swells to 500K by Nov. 20, and a 2-hour gen. strike on Nov. 27. On Aug. 14 South African Pres. P.W. Botha announces his resignation after losing a bitter power struggle within his Nat. Party, and on Aug. 15 Frederik Willem de Klerk (1936-) is sworn-in as acting pres.; on Sept. 20 he is sworn-in as pres. #7 (until May 10, 1994). On Aug. 16 a rare "prime time" total lunar eclipse occurs over most of the U.S., although clouds spoil the view for many. On Aug. 16 the Soviet govt. pub. a draft law giving workers the right to strike. On Aug. 16-17 a Qantas Boeing 747-400 ("City of Canberra") flies 10.5K mi. from London to Sydney in 20 hours 9 min., setting the record for the longest nonstop flight by a commercial jet (until 2005); it is carrying a very light passenger load plus a cricket ball used in the Ashes; it becomes known as the "kangaroo route". On Aug. 18 in Colombia, leading pres. hopeful (liberal journalist) Luis Carlos Galan (Galán) Sarmiento (b. 1943) is assassinated outside Bogota by the Medellin drug cartel. On Aug. 20 entertainment exec and his wife Jose and Mary "Kitty" Menendez are murdered by a Mossberg 12-gauge shotgun in their Beverly Hills, Calif. mansion; their sons Erik Galen Menendez (1970-) and Joseph Lyle Menendez (1968-) are tried for the murders in a high-profile trial shown on Court TV, and are convicted in 1996 after the first trial jury is deadlocked by their defense of parental abuse. On Aug. 20 British conservationist ("the Lion Man") George Adamson (b. 1906) is shot and killed by bandits in Kenya. On Aug. 20 the Marchioness Disaster sees a pleasure boat sink in the Thames River in London after colliding with the dredger Bowbelle near the Cannon St. Railway Bridge, killing 51 of 131 aboard. On Aug. 20 the teenie educational sitcom Saved by the Bell (originally "Good Morning, Miss Bliss") debuts on NBC-TV for 86 episodes (until May 22, 1993), teaching social lessons about drug use, environmental issues, homelessness, remarriage, death, etc. while pushing interracial dating, starting with a black-white kiss between Zack and Lisa. On Aug. 21 NASA space probe Voyager 2 fires its thrusters to bring it closer to Neptune's moon Triton; on Aug. 24 is sends back striking photos of Jupiter as it passes within 3K mi.; on Aug. 27 duckwalking Chuck Berry performs his tune Johnny B. Goode for NASA staff in celebration of Voyager II's encounter with the planet Neptune. On Aug. 21 Colombian soldiers and police raid the estates of drug lords as part of a crackdown that followed the shooting death of a pres. candidate; the drug lords respond by declaring "total war" on the Colombian govt. on Aug. 24. On Aug. 23 the Baltic Way Protest sees 2M people from Estonia, Lavia and Lithuania hold hands in a 600km human chain across three countries on the Vilnius-Tallinn Road to mark the 50th anniv. of the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states, becoming a highlight of the 1987-91 Singing Rev. in Estonia, where 300K Estonians (20% of the pop.) gather night after night in Tallinn to sing forbidden nat. songs as rock musicians play; the singing continues over four years until Estonian independence is achieved in 1991. On Aug. 23 in a case that inflames racial tensions in New York City, black teenager Yusuf (Yusef) Hawkins (b. 1973) is shot dead after he and three friends are confronted and chased by 10-30 white youths in the heavily Italian working-class Brooklyn neighborhood of Bensonhurst; Rev. Al Sharpton leads a protest march through the neighborhood; two men are tried for the murder, and Joseph Fama is convicted of 2nd degree murder, while Keith Mondello is acquitted of murder but convicted on 12 lesser charges, causing more protest marches by Sharpton, contributing to the downfall of New York City Ed Koch. On Aug. 24 Polish pres. Wojciech Jaruzelski formally nominates Solidarity leader Christian Dem. Tadeusz Mazowiecki (1927-) to become Poland's first non-Communist PM in four decades (until Jan. 12, 1991). On Aug. 25 Rep. Barney Frank (D-Mass.) acknowledges hiring a male prostitute as a personal aide, then firing him after suspecting him of selling sex from Frank's apartment. On Aug. 27 the first U.S. commercial satellite rocket is launched from Cape Canaveral, a Delta booster carrying a British comm satellite. On Aug. 28 the fraud and conspiracy trial of former televangelist Jim Bakker opens in Charlotte, N.C.; on Oct. 5 a jury convicts him on all counts. On Aug. 29 seven bombs believed set off by drug traffickers explode in Medellin and Bogota, Colombia. On Aug. 30 a federal jury in New York City finds billionaire "Hotel Queen", "the Queen of Mean" (known for maltreating employees) Leona Helmsley (1920-2007) guilty of 33 counts of income tax evasion, but acquits her of extortion, fining her $7M; she serves 18 mo. of a 2-year sentence behind bars, 1 mo. at a halfway house and 2 mo. under house arrest - with or without maltreated servants? On Aug. 31 Britain's Princess Anne and husband Mark Phillips announce that they are separating. In Aug. Benin survivor dictator-pres. (since 1972) Mathieu Kerekou, whose country, despite IMF help has been plagued by a cruddy economy and student strikes (since Jan.) is reelected pres. by the nat. assembly, but gets wise like a fox and officially drops Marxism-Leninism as the state ideology in Dec. On Sept. 2 in Nicaragua a 14-party opposition coalition chooses Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro (1929-) as its pres. candidate. On Sept. 3 the U.S. begins shipping a $65M package of military aircraft and weapons to help Colombia's war against drug lords. On Sept. 3 a La Cubana de Aviacion Ilyushin 62M jetliner crashes after takeoff in Havana, killing all 126 aboard plus 26 on the ground. On Sept. 4 the U.S. Air Force launches its last Titan III rocket, which reportedly carries a recon satellite (the 200th since 1964); the new Titan IV rockets begin production on June 14, a total of 39 being built and flown until Oct. 2005, when they are replaced by the Atlas V. On Sept. 5 in his first nationally broadcast address from the White House, Pres. George H.W. Bush delivers his Speech on the War on Drugs, which he calls the "quicksand of our entire society"; by the end of Sept. polls indicate that 64% of the public believes that drugs pose a greater threat than nuclear war, AIDS, poverty, the nat. debt, etc.; during Sept. the New York Times pub. 238 articles on drugs; in 1992 after the anti-drug federal budget zooms to $10B a year, Bush claims "We are winning the war on drugs" - one of the biggest lies ever? On Sept. 5 the Soviets launch the Soyuz TM-8 spacecraft, carrying Alexander Stepanovich Viktorenko (1947-) and Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Serebov (1944-); after docking with Mir for 166 days, it returns next Feb. 19. On Sept. 6 the Nat. Party, governing party of South Africa loses nearly a quarter of its parliamentary seats to far-right and anti-apartheid rivals, becoming its worst setback in four decades. On Sept. 7 the U.S. Senate by 76-8 approves the U.S. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), forbidding discrimination in employment, public accommodations, transportation, and communications based on disabilities. On Sept. 8 former eternal cowboy Pres. Reagan undergoes surgery at the Mayo Clinic in Minn. to relieve fluid buildup on his brain after a horse-riding accident - is this when his Alzheimer's takes off? On Sept. 8-10 the Rukh Nat. Movement for Perestroika, formed in the Ukraine by the Writer's Union holds a congress in Kiev and calls for the restoration of Ukrainian culture. On Sept. 10 Hungary gives permission for thousands of East German refugees and visitors to emigrate to West Germany via Austria, beginning Sept. 11. On Sept. 14 seven ACT-UP AIDS activists shut down the New York Stock Exchange for a short time after chaining themselves to a balcony overlooking the floor. On Sept. 14 (9 a.m.) Joseph T. "Rocky" Wesbecker (b. 1942), a 47-y.-o. pressman on disability for mental illness kills himself after shooting eight people to death and wounding 12 at the Standard Gravure printing plant in Louisville, Ky. On Sept. 10 Hurricane Hugo begins, reaching the Virgin Islands on Sept. 17, then Charleston, S.C. on Sept. 21, devastating Montserrat, the Barrier Islands, and the Francis Marion Nat. Forest before dissipating on Sept. 25, becoming the costliest hurricane in human history to date ($7B); CNN's John Holliman (1948-98) wins several journalism awards for his 12-hour live coverage; future San Antonio Spurs star Timothy Theodore "Tim" Duncan (1976-) switches from swimming to basketball after the hurricane takes out the only Olympic-size swimming pool on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. On Sept. 17 the sitcom Major Dad debuts on CBS-TV for 58 episodes (until Apr. 16, 1993), starring Gerald Lee "Mac" McRaney (1947-) as no-nonsense UMC Maj. John D. "Mac" MacGillis, cmdr. of the infantry training school at Camp Singleton, who also is a husband and father of three daughters. On Sept. 19 (Tues.) (1:59 p.m.) a Paris-bound French UTA Flight 772 (McDonnell Douglas DC-10) is blown up over the Sahara desert of Niger neare Tenere, and all 156 passengers and 14 crew are killed, becoming the biggest death toll from an Islamic terrorist attack on French citizens (until ?); Libyan terrorist Abdullah (Abdallah) Senoussi (Senussi) (1949-), brother-in-law of Muammar al-Gaddafi and chief of foreign operations for the Libyan secret service is named by the French as behind it. On Sept. 19 Doogie Howser, M.D. debuts on ABC-TV for 97 episodes (until Mar. 24, 1993), starring Neil Patrick Harris (1973-) as boy wonder physician Douglas "Doogie" Howser, who graduated from medical school at age 14. On Sept. 20 Gorbachev pulls off a major shakeup of the Soviet Communist Party, dropping three Politburo members - the beef and wild mushroom diet? On Sept. 20 the French state-owned TGV Atlantique high-speed railway (first tested in 1973) begins operating between Paris and Le Mans, with service up to 186 mph. On Sept. 21 Harlem, N.Y.-born Gen. Colin Luther Powell (1937-) is confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the first African-Am. chmn. of the Joint Chiefs of Staffs - did they know about that 1816 Eyre Coote thingie? On Sept. 21 in Alton, Tex. 21 students drown and 60 are injured when their school bus collides with a Dr. Pepper soda pop truck and falls into a water-filled gravel pit; subject of the 1991 Russell Banks novel "The Sweet Hereafter", which is filmed in 1997 by Atom Egoyan. On Sept. 22 Prague-born Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer (1926-) announces in The Jerusalem Post that the figure of 4M Jews killed in Auschwitz is a deliberate myth, and that the true figure is less than half that, 1.6M; next year Auschwitz changes a plaque claiming 4M deaths to 1.5M. On Sept. 22 the sitcom Family Matters debuts on ABC-TV for 215 episodes (until July 17, 1998 after switching to CBS in 1997) as a spinoff of "Perfect Strangers", about the middle-class African-Am. Winslow family of Chicago, Ill., making a star of Jaleel Ahmad White (1976-) as Steven "Steve" Urkel. On Sept. 23 the Azerbaijan Supreme Soviet adopts a new law defining the Azerbaijan Repub.'s sovereignty. On Sept. 25 Pres. Bush addresses the U.N. Gen. Assembly and offers to slash U.S. stocks of chemical weapons by more than 80% provided the Soviets do the same; on Sept. 26 Soviet foreign minister Eduard Shevardnadze accepts. On Sept. 27 the Slovenian assembly declares autonomy and the right to veto any federal decision. On Sept. 27 Columbia Pictures Entertainment Inc. agrees to a $3.4B cash buyout by Sony Corp.; too bad, Sony has to spend $200M more to buy a production co., and $500M to settle a lawsuit, and in 1994 Sony takes a $3.2B writedown on the deal - hide all those anti-Jap WWII flicks? On Sept. 28 deposed Philippine pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos (b. 1917) dies in exile in Hawaii. On Sept. 30 thousands of East Germans who had sought refuge in West German embassies in Czech. and Poland begin emigrating under an accord between Soviet bloc and NATO nations. In Sept. 10 workers of the Kentucky Pyro Mining Co. are killed in a methane gas explosion. In Sept. Hungary opens its borders to the West; the October Rev. celebration is snubbed; the country's name is changed to Repub. of Hungary, and a new pro-democracy constitution is adopted. In Sept. Vietnam recalls its troops from Cambodia, leaving behind the pro-Vietnamese People's Repub. of Kampuchea (PRK) (founded 1979) under ex-Khmer Rouge man (who was wounded in Apr. 1975 and ended up with a glass eye) Hun Sen (1951-), who has been PM since Jan. 14, 1985, and continues in power behind various puppet coalitions until ? In Sept. an Education Summit of all 50 U.S. govs. called by Pres. H.W. Bush calls U.S. public education a disaster - they ought to know, they graduated from it? On Oct. 1 thousands of East Germans receive a triumphal welcome in West Germany after the Communist govt. agrees to let them leave. On Oct. 1 in Copenhagen, Denmark 11 gay couples are married legally under a new law - cheese danish, anyone? On Oct. 2 nearly 10K people march through Leipzig, East Germany demanding legalization of opposition groups and adoption of dem. reforms in the country's largest protest since 1953. On Oct. 2 the Supreme Soviet bans strikes in "key industries". On Oct. 3 in a move to stem the flow of refugees to the West, East Germany suspends unrestricted travel to Czech. On Oct. 3 Panamanian officers launch an unsuccessful coup against Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega. On Oct. 6 Mikhail Gorbachev joins in festivities in East Berlin marking the 40th anniv. of East Germany. On Oct. 7 Hungary's Communist Party renounces Marxism in favor of dem. socialism during a party congress in Budapest. On Oct. 7 20K pro-reform demonstrators in Moscow form a human chain from Gorky St. to the NW suburb of Zelenograd. On Oct. 7 former U.S. state secy. (1982-9) George P. Shultz gives a speech to the Stanford U. Business School, with the soundbyte that it's time "to make it possible for addicts to buy drugs at some regulated place at a price that approximates cost.... We need at least to consider and examine forms of controlled legalization of drugs." On Oct. 7-8 the 2nd Annual Congress of the Latvian Popular Front endorses complete Latvian independence and calls for a common market for the three Baltic repubs. On Oct. 18 a transport truck spills its cargo of logs while passing a loaded hayride near Shediac, New Brunswick, Canada, killing 13 and injuring 30; meanwhile Shediac declares itself "Lobster Capital of the World" and erects a 35' x 15' x 16' fiberglass lobster sculpted by Winston Bronnum. On Oct. 9 the official Soviet news agency Tass reports that a spaceship of some kind, complete with a trio of tall aliens has visited a park in the city of Voronezh - and met Forrest Gumpsky? On Oct. 10 South African Pres. F.W. de Klerk announces that eight prominent political prisoners incl. African Nat. Congress official Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu (1912-2003) will be unconditionally freed on Oct. 15, but that Nelson Mandela will remain imprisoned. On Oct. 11 the U.S. House of Reps. narrowly approves an amendment to an appropriations bill restoring Medicaid for abortions in cases of rape or incest; Pres. Bush vetoes the bill, and the veto is upheld. On Oct. 12 the U.S. House approves a statutory federal ban on desecration of the U.S. flag; the Senate defeats the measure on Oct. 19; nobody seems to care whether the "U.S. flag" is owned by the govt. or is personal property, such as a cake decoration? On Oct. 13 (Black Fri.) the Friday the 13th, 1989 Mini-Crash is caused by the reaction to the failed $6.75B leveraged buyout of United Airlines that caused the junk bond market to collapses; the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. drops 190.58 points (6.91%). On Oct. 14 Colombia extradites three suspected drug traffickers to the U.S. as part of a war on the cocaine cartel. On Oct. 14-28 in another Calif. Classic the Oakland Athletics (AL) defeat the San Francisco Giants (NL) 4-0 in the Eighty-Sixth (86th) (1989) World Series; first WS sweep since 1976; the 3rd time (1963, 1966) that the winner never trails an inning; the 3rd time (1969, 1979) that the reigning World Series and Super Bowl winners are from the same area; on Sept. 1 commissioner Bart Giamatti dies of a sudden heart attack 1 mo. before the series starts, and Fay Vincent presides as new commissioner as the players wear black armbands in memory of Giamatti. On Oct. 16 Pres. Bush signs an order cutting federal programs by $16.1B under the 1985 U.S. Gramm-Rudman-Hollings budget-reduction law. On Oct. 17 (5:04 p.m.) the 6.9 1989 Loma Prieta (Watsonville) (San Francisco) Earthquake, centered in the Forest of Nisene Marks State Park 10 mi. NE of Santa Cruz hits the San Francisco (N Calif.) area minutes before the start of World Series Game 3, killing 63, injuring 3,757 and causing $5.6-$6B in damage; the WS is delayed for 10 days. On Oct. 18 Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on a 5-day mission that incl. deployment of the Galileo space probe on a course for Jupiter; it returns on Oct. 23. On Oct. 18 Erich Honecker is ousted as Communist leader of East Germany after 18 years in power, and is succeeded by Egon Krenz (1937-) (until Dec. 6), who becomes the last. On Oct. 20 the Senate convicts U.S. District Judge Alcee L. Hastings (1936-) of perjury and conspiracy and removes him from office; the conviction is later overturned and Hastings is elected to the House of Reps. - not so hastings, alcee you again? On Oct. 20 former U.S. pres. Reagan and his wife Nancy begin a visit to Japan sponsored by a media conglomerate. On Oct. 20 the Grafton Bus Crash sees a tour bus and tractor trailor collide head-on near Grafton, N.S.W., Australia, killing 21 and injuring 22. On Oct. 21 rescue workers in Oakland, Calif. pull longshoreman Buck Helm (b. 1932) alive from the wreckage of the Nimitz Freeway, which had collapsed in the Oct. 17 earthquake, killing 42; too bad, Helm dies less than 1 mo. later. On Oct. 23 in a case that inflames racial tensions in Boston, Mass., Charles Stuart falsely claims that he and his pregnant wife Carol had been shot in their car by a black robber; Charles Stuart later commits suicide after he is implicated. On Oct. 23 a 3.5 explosion at a Phillips Petroleum Co. chemical complex in Pasadena, Tex. kills 23 employees and injures 114. On Oct. 25-27 Mikhail Gorbachev visits Finland - sorry about WWII, guys? On Oct. 28 20 are killed in the crash of a commuter plane on the island of Hawaii. On Oct. 29 20K East Berliners observe a minute of silence for the 190+ people killed while attempting to flee over the Berlin Wall, becoming the first such public mourning since Communist Party authorities built it in 1961. On Oct. 30 Mitsubishi Real Estate Co., a major Japanese real estate concern announces that it is buying 51% of Rockefeller Group Inc. of New York - which means Rockefeller Center is run by non-Jews? In Oct. the CIA station in San Salvador begins providing the Salvadoran security forces with money to resettle Marxist guerrilla-turned-informer Pedro Antonio Andrade Martinez (AKA Mario Gonzalez) in the U.S. In Oct. the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party renames itself the Hungarian Socialist Party and renounces Leninism. By the end of Oct. computer network Prodigy has 100K customers in households in eight major metro areas. On Nov. 1 East Germany reopens its border with Czech., prompting tens of thousands of refugees to flee to the West. On Nov. 2 Pres. Bush and Congressional Repubs. drop their Capitol Hill quest for a cut in the capital gains tax. On Nov. 3 East German Communist Party chief Egon Krenz delivers a speech promising sweeping economic and political reforms and calling on East Germans to stay; on Nov. 4 1M East Germans fill the streets in a pro-democracy rally; on Nov. 8 Krenz ousts the old guard of the Politburo and replaces them with reformers. On Nov. 4 Iran marks the 10th anniv. of the seizure of the U.S. Embassy - got any more Uncle Sam effigies to burn? On Nov. 4 Yokohama atty. Tsutsumi Sakamoto (b. 1956) is kidnapped with his wife and infant son by the Aum Shinrikyo cult for working on a class action suit against them, and they are murdered; it take six years to uncover the murderers and trace them to the cult. On Nov. 5 Marionite Christian Rene Moawad (b. 1925) becomes pres. of Lebanon, promising to end the long civil war; on Nov. 22 he is assassinated; pro-Syrian forces are suspected.; on Nov. 24 Marionite Elias Hrawi (1925-2006) is elected pres. (until Nov. 24, 1998). On Nov. 6 Michael Dukakis' wife Kitty is hospitalized for drinking rubbing alcohol - anything to get his taste out of her mouth? On Nov. 7 lt. gov. Lawrence Douglas "Doug" Wilder (1931-) becomes the first elected black state gov. in U.S. history, taking office next Jan. 14 as Va. gov. #66 (until Jan. 15, 1994); David Norman Dinkins (1927-) is elected the first black mayor (#106) of New York City, taking office on Jan. 1 (until Dec. 31, 1993); white supremacist former KKK leader David Ernest Duke (1950-) scores one for the pinks when he is elected to the State House of Reps. (Repub.) in La. (until 1992), and disavows his white supremacist agenda (but later returns to it) - I don't hate other races I just luuuuv mine? On Nov. 8 chemistry-trained British Conservative PM (1979-90) Margaret Hilda Thatcher (nee Roberts) (1925-2013) AKA the Iron Lady gives a Speech on Climate Change to the U.N. Gen. Assembly, warning of the dangers of rising CO2 and calling for an internat. framework convention on climate change, with the aim being "to prevent rather than just cure a global environmental problem", becoming the first world leader to put climate change at the top of the global agenda. On Nov. 9 after dem. elections, former PM (Dec. 13, 1989 - Oct. 31) Halil Turgut Ozal (Özal) (1927-93) (founder of the Motherland Party in 1983) becomes pres. #8 of Turkey (until Apr. 17, 1993), going to to improve relations with the U.S. to transform Turkey into a "little America", incl. privatization of state enterprises - Reagan got to them too? Communism's biggest eyesore falls? On Nov. 9 (Thur.) East German official Guenter (Günter) Schabowski (1929-) announces on TV: "New travel rules allowing East Germans to head west are to take effect immediately", being misunderstood and causing massive crowds to gather at night at the Berlin Wall, which unexpectedly falls as East Germany throws open its borders while joyous Germans dance atop it; the first barrier opened is on Bornholmer Strasse, guarded by East German Stasi Lt. Col.Harald Jaeger (1943-); Leonard Bernstein conducts the Berlin Freedom Concerts to celebrate the reunification of Germany, and Mstislav "Slava" Rostropovich (1927-2007), who was exiled and uttered the soundbyte "I will not utter one single lie to return" fiddles; 1M cross to West Berlin the first day, and 9M the first week, turning Berlin into a 24/7 party town; East Germany is revealed as a polluted hellhole with an obsolete infrastructure; too bad, in Sept. 2009 it is revealed that in Sept. British PM Margaret Thatcher met with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow, and told him that Britain opposed the reunification of Germany, and that she wanted him to do what he could to prevent the reunion, telling him that the breakup of the Warsaw Pact was not in the interest of Britain and the West, and vowing that the West would not seek the dismantling of Communism in Eastern Europe - the U.S. reaches its peak of power and wealth from the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 until the fall of Lehman Brothers in 2008? On Nov. 10 the Soviet Presidium declares that recent nationalist legislation adopted by Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Azerbaijan is at variance with the Soviet constitution; on Nov. 17-19 the Georgian Supreme Soviet amends its constitution, claiming ownership of all natural resources and the right to suspend Soviet laws if they run contrary to Georgian interests. On Nov. 12 abortion rights advocates rally in cities across the country. On Nov. 13 IBM and Microsoft expand their partnership and agree to develop software for MS-DOS, MS OS/2 and MS LAN. On Nov. 13 Franz Joseph II (b. 1906) dies, and his son Hans-Adam II (1945-) becomes prince of Liechtenstein (until ?). On Nov. 14 the U.S. Navy, alarmed over a recent string of serious accidents orders an unprecedented 48-hour stand-down - wait for the Tom Clancy novel for the true scoop? On Nov. 14 Pres. George H.W. Bush becomes the first U.S. pres. to grant a pres. turkey pardon, sending it to Frying Pan Park in Herndon, Va. On Nov. 15 Solidarity leader Lech Walesa is cheered by U.S. lawmakers as he tells a joint meeting of Congress that U.S. aid to Poland "will not be wasted, and will never be forgotten". On Nov. 15 Hungary applies for full membership in the Council of Europe. On Nov. 16 six Jesuit priests and two other people are slain by uniformed gunmen at the Jose Simeon Canas U. in El Salvador in an attack later blamed on 19 Salvadoran soldiers. On Nov. 17 the Senate Ethics Committee hires an outside counsel to look into allegations of improprieties against six senators. On Nov. 17 mobsters James "Jimmy Frogs" Galione (1964-) and Mario Gallo (1968-) murder drug dealer mobster wannabe Costible (Gus) Farace in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, N.Y. for the Bonnano crime family after the latter kills a federal drug agent; on Sept. 17, 1997 they plead guilty, and receive sentences of 15-22 years. The Velvet Revolution meets Steel? On Nov. 17-20 more than 200K people rally peacefully in Prague, spouting speeches and poetry demanding dem. reforms and the ouster of Communist Party leader Milos Jakes, but are brutally suppressed. On Nov. 20 (30th anniv. of the U.N. Declaration of the Rights of the Child) the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is signed in New York City by 140 nations of the U.N. Gen. Assembly, effective next Sept. 2, establishing the U.N. Committee on the Rights of the Child; the U.S. signs but doesn't ratify it until ?. On Nov. 21 the proceedings of Britain's House of Commons are televised live for the first time. On Nov. 22 Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off at night. On Nov. 24 Czech.'s hard-line party leadership resigns after more than a week of protests against its policies; on Nov. 25 500K demonstrators gather in Prague, where they scoff at a Communist Party shakeup and cheer Alexander Dubcek, the reformer ousted in 1968; on Nov. 29 the Czechs end the Communist party's 40-year monopoly on power, making a success of the smooth Velveeta Rev. On Nov. 26 in a nat. referendum voters decide that Hungary's next pres. will be chosen by parliament following free elections. On Nov. 26 moderate conservative Nat. Party leader Luis Alberto Lacalle (1941-) is elected pres. of Uruguay (until 1995), and is sworn in next Mar. 1, promising social welfare improvements, inflation controls and debt reduction - he can promise? On Nov. 26 Comoros pres. (since 1978) Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane (b. 1919) is overthrown and killed by former pres. Ali Soulih's older half-brother Said Mohammed Djohar (1918-2006), who becomes pres. of Comoros (until 1996); French mercenary Bob Denard (Gilbert Bourgeaud) (1929-), head of the pres. guard is shot, but is evacuated to South Africa by French paratroopers. On Nov. 27 107 people are killed when a bomb blamed by police on drug traffickers destroys a Colombian jetliner minutes after takeoff from Bogota's internat. airport. On Nov. 28 perfect-10 Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci (1961-) arrives in New York City after escaping her homeland by way of Hungary; too bad, her heavy makeup, trashy clothes, and married beau Constantin Panait get her negative press. On Nov. 29 Azerbaijan takes control of the Armenian enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh. On Nov. 30 several mo. after advocating the cancellation of Third World debts and reorg. of the world financial system, Alfred Herrhausen (1930-89), chmn. of West Germany's largest bank is killed in his armored car convoy by a sophisticated roadside bomb in Bad Homburg, which is later claimed by the Red Army Faction, although nobody is ever caught, leaving conspiracy theorists a welcome mat. In Nov. in Mexico Jose Madariaga joins Raul Salinas and TV exec. Abraham Zabludovsky in buying bus manufacturing co. Mexicana de Autobuses SA for $4.4M. In Nov. engineer Robert "Bob" Lazar (1959-) gives an interview to reporter George Knapp on KLAS-TV in Las Vegas, Nev., blowing the whistle on the Area 51 facility in Nev. desert, claiming that they are harboring flying saucers from Zeta Reticuli, manned by alien greys. In Nov. the Palestinian Muslim father Zein Isa and Brazilian mother Maria of Am. Muslim teenage girl Palestina "Tina" Isa (b. 1973) stab her 13x with a knife in St. Louis, Mo. for being "too American", taking a part-time job and dating an African-Am. beau, with Zein telling her "Die, die quickly... die, my daughter, die"; the FBI inadvertently tapes it all during an investigation of the Abu Nidal org., which Zein is a member of; on Dec. 20, 1991 both parents are convicted of first degree murder and receive death sentences, but Zein dies of diabetes on Feb. 17, 1997 and Maria's sentence is commuted to life in prison. On Dec. 1 Soviet leader (since 1985) Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (1931-2022) meets with Pope John Paul II in the Vatican, becoming the first meeting with the head of an atheist superpower by a pope - which is worse, your Catlick spunk or my Commie spit? On Dec. 2 Vishwanath Pratap Singh (1931-2008) becomes PM #8 of India (until Nov. 10, 1990), going on to champion the advancement of undercastes. On Dec. 2-3 U.S. Pres. George H.W. Bush and Soviet Pres. Mikhail Gorbachev meet aboard the Soviet cruise ship Maxim Gorky in Malta, and announce the end of the Cold War - Malta, the Knights Templar, the Illuminati, what? On Dec. 5 Egon Krenz, the ruling Politburo and the Central Committee in East Germany are placed under house arrest, and resign on Dec. 6; on Dec. 7 East Germany's Communist Party agrees to cooperate with the opposition in paving the way for free elections and a revised constitution. On Dec. 6 the Ecole Polytechnique (Montreal) Massacre sees 28 women singled out and shot (14 fatally) at the U. of Montreal School of Engineering by 25-y.-o. atheist (closet Muslim?) Marc Lepine (Lépine) (Gamil Rodrigue Liass Gharbi) (b. 1964) (son of an Algerian Muslim immigrant father and Canadian Catholic mother), who claims that he is "fighting feminism", then takes his own life - the world is a stage, the stage is a world of entertainment? On Dec. 8 Communist leaders in Czech. offer to surrender their control over the govt. and accept a minority role in a coalition cabinet; on Dec. 10 pres. (since May 29, 1975) Gustav Husak resigns after swearing in a coalition cabinet in which Communists are relegated to a minority role. On Dec. 9 Pres. Bush's nat. security advisor Brent Scowcroft and deputy secy. of state Lawrence Eagleburger begin a surprise visit to Beijing - while the corpses are still stinking? On Dec. 10 exiled (since 1959) Tibetan Dalai Lama #14 Tenzin Gyatso (1935-) is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. On Dec. 12 despite internat. criticism Britain forcibly removes 51 Vietnamese from Hong Kong and returns them to their homeland. On Dec. 13 South African Pres. F.W. de Klerk meets for the first time with imprisoned African Nat. Congress leader Nelson Mandela at de Klerk's office in Cape Town. On Dec. 14 #1 human rights dissident Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (b. 1921) is elected to the Congress of Peoples' Deputies in Moscow, but dies of a heart attack that night; on Dec. 17 100K Soviet citizens turn out to honor him a day before he is buried in Moscow. On Dec. 15 Mt. Redoubt erupts in Alaska, sending baseball-size pieces of pumice 20 mi. from the cone. On Dec. 15 the dictatorship in Chile comes to an end. On Dec. 15 billionaire Medellin Cartel drug trafficker Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha (b. 1947) AKA "El Mexicano" is killed in N Colombia following a shootout with police. On Dec. 15 after his big mistake of letting his people watch episodes of "Dallas" backfires, making them see what they're missing, a popular uprising against Romanian dictator (since Mar. 22 1965) Nicolae Ceausescu (1918-89), "the Leader", "the Genius of the Carpathians" begins as demonstrators gather in Timisoara to prevent the eviction from his church flat of dissident Calvinist bishop Laszlo Tokes (1952-); on Dec. 21 Ceausescu delivers his final public speech, which is booed, after which he flees from power in a heli, is captured by the army, and executed along with his wife Elena on Dec. 25 by firing squad after an open letter accuses them of crimes; on Dec. 22 Ion Iliescu (1930-) becomes pres. #2 of Romania (until Nov. 29, 1996); during Ceau-boy's iron-fisted rule, he encouraged women to have at least five children; after his death, Romania has the highest abortion rate in the world (98 out of 100 live births). On Dec. 16 federal appeals court judge Robert Smith Vance (1931-89) is killed by a mail bomb at his Ala. home; on Dec. 18 Savannah, Ga. atty. and alderman Robert E. Robinson is killed by a similar mail bomb; on Dec. 18 another bomb is found and defused in an Atlanta, Ga. federal court bldg.; Walter Leroy Moody Jr. (1934-) is later convicted of both bombings, receiving a death sentence - should have watched more CSI? On Dec. 17 the animated half-hour series The Simpsons, created by Matthew Abram "Matt" Groening (1954-) debuts on Fox-TV (until ?), evolving into a billion dollar cash cow; the chars., created in high school incl. Bart (Nancy Cartwright), his dad Homer (Dan Castellaneta) and mom Marge (Julie Kavner), sister Lisa (Yeardley Smith), boss man Mr. Burns (Harry Shearer), police chief Wiggum (Hank Azaria), Smithers and next door neighbor Ned Flanders (Harry Shearer), all living in Springfield, in some unspecified state with a view of Ohio, Nevada, Maine, and Ky.; in season two Larry King begins a trend by making a celeb guest appearance, followed by Bob Hope (4), Meryl Streep (6), John Madden (10), Stephen Hawking (10), Mel Gibson (11), Andre Agassi (12), Wolfgang Puck (13), Jennifer Garner (15), and 50 Cent (16); its 400th show airs in May, 2007. On Dec. 19 police in Jacksonville, Fla. disarm a parcel bomb at the local NAACP office, the 4th mail bomb to turn up in the Deep South. On Dec. 20 the U.S. invades Panama in Operation Just Cause (originally Operation Blue Spoon) (ends Feb. 13, 1990); on Dec. 20 Pres. Bush delivers his Address to the Nation on Panama saying "Last night I ordered U.S. military forces to Panama. No president takes such action lightly" (until his son becomes Commander in Chief?); dictator (since Dec. 15, 1983) Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (1934-2017) is replaced as pres. by Guillermo David Endara Galimany (1936-2009) (until 1994), and takes refuge in the Vatican mission in Panama City on Dec. 24, then surrenders to the DEA next Jan. 3 after being bombarded by hard rock music incl. "Panama" by Van Halen, "I Fought the Law" by the Clash, and "The Howard Stern Show"; the Humvee sees its first combat action; no U.S. Medals of Honor are issued for this action. On Dec. 22 a bus crashes on the Pacific Highway near Kempsey, N.S.W., Australia, killing 35. On Dec. 24 the First Liberian Civil War (ends Aug. 2, 1997) begins when Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor (1948-) invades with an army from Cote d'Ivore to topple the Doe govt. On Dec. 24 a bus plunges into a procession in Nag-el-Hobeiki, Luxor, Egypt, killing 13 and injuring eight. On Dec. 25 Roman Catholic patriarch of Jerusalem Michel Sabbah celebrates Christmas in Jerusalem, praising the Palestinian Intifada, with the soundbyte "Despite all that is happening to you, you will win, in the end you will win", while Muslims chant "The Zionist is Allah's enemy" and "Jews, Muhammad is coming back." On Dec. 28 Alexander Dubcek (former Czech Communist leader deposed in 1968 in the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact invasion) is named chmn. of the Czech parliament; Velvet Rev. leader (leader of the Civic Forum), writer-dramatist Vaclav Havel (1936-2011) (recently released from prison) is elected pres. #10 on Dec. 29 (until July 20, 1992). In Dec. a coup attempt against Philippine pres. Corazon Aquino is defeated with U.S. assistance - don't ask don't tell? Pres. Bush vetoes an increase in the U.S. minimum wage. Despite opposition from Scottish MPs, Britain imposes a nat. poll tax in Scotland, causing Scottish support for Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party to plummet from 31% this year to 15% by 2015 as they flock to the Labour Party; too bad, after Labour PM (1997-2007) Tony Blair gets the U.K. into wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and Labour politicians join Conservatives to vote against Scottish independence in 2014, they begin backing the Scottish Nat. Party (SNP). The Warsaw Stock Exchange in Poland opens, becoming the first since 1939; Poland's name is changed from Polish People's Repub. to Polish Repub.. The Warsaw Pact countries reject the Brezhnev Doctrine of 1968 (mutual defense) in favor of the Sinatra ("My Way") Doctrine (each one to go his own way). The Abkhaz-Georgian Conflict begins (ends ?), with the Abkhaz people attempting to achieve independence, going on to attempt ethnic cleansing of Georgians. A U.S. delegation demands that Iraq privatize its oil industry, and it refuses - Bush Jr. is listening? Having gone into debt when the price of coffee fell, Rwanda is forced to turn to the IMF for help. Algerian voters approve a new constitution clearing the way for a multi-party system. Burmese political leader U Nu is placed under arrest by the Burmese govt. The Islamic Assoc. of Palestine (IAP) (AKA Am. Muslim Society) is founded by Hamas leader Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook (1951-) et al. to raise money for Hamas. in the U.S. Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant in Colo. is raided by FBI and EPA agents investigating illegal waste disposal, and bomb-making is stopped amid safety concerns. The U.S. Marine Corps officially adopts Maneuver Warfare, the doctrine of defeating the enemy by shocking and disrupting them into incapacitating their decision-making. Iceland stops whaling. The Center for Public Integrity in Washington, D.C. is founded in Mar. by 60 Minutes journalist Charles Lewis (1953-). English economist John Williamson (1937-) of the Peterson Inst. coins the term Washington Consensus to describe the strongly market-based approach of the IMF, World Bank, and U.S. Treasury Dept. to developing countries incl. macroeconomic stabilization, opening to trade and investment, and expansion of the domestic economy. Sabeel (Arab. "channel", "spring") is founded in Jerusalem by Anglican Rev. Naim Stifan Ateek of St. George's Cathedral to promote Christian liberation theology, ending up fighting against the Jewish state of Israel. San Diego, Calif.-based audio business owner Lee Carroll begins channeling the being Kryon from the Source (Central Sun), who is of the same "family" as Archangel Michael, and who reconstructed the magnetic grid of Earth for its coming spiritual evolution, going on to pub. books about the Indigo Children who represent the next evolution in human consciousness, who are first written about in the 1970s by Nancy Ann Tappe (1931-2012), and further developed by Jan Tober; starting with Kryon - The End Times: New Information for Personal Peace (1993), and Don't Think Like a Human: Channelled Answers to Basic Questions (1994); Carroll goes on to pub. a total of 15 books selling 1M copies, discussing such concepts as the Universal Calibration Lattice and the EMF Balancing Technique; "Love is the most powerful force in the universe. It is the glue that will bond our belief together" - tell me that when I'm cleaning the toilet? Jane Fonda tells a famous Zsa Zsa Gabor Joke on the Johnny Carson Tonight show: "My son told me that when Zsa Zsa was on your show she asked you, Do you want to pet my pussy, and my son said that you said, I'd love to if you'd remove that damn cat"; Carson denies remembering it. Victoria Murden and Shirley Metz become the first women to reach the South Pole overland; nine other non-sacred cow males shall remain nameless? Vail Valley in Colo. lands the Alpine World Ski Championships after help from ex-pres. Gerald Ford, a Vail enthusiast (again in 1999). Mammoth Records is founded in Carrboro, N.C. by Jay Faires, becoming a top indie label; it is purchased by the Walt Disney Co. in 1998. Warp Records os founds in Sheffield, England, by Steve Beckett and Rob Mitchell, going on to sign Nightmares on Wax, Tricky Disco (Greater Than One), Gravenhurst, !!! (pr. "chk chk chk"), Battles, and Maximo Park. Billionaire former U.S. ambassador and TV guide owner Walter H. Annenberg (a big champion of public TV), who owns the Sunnylands winter estate in Rancho Mirage (near Palm Springs), Calif., where he hosts celebs such as Bob Hope (1903-2003), Bing Crosby (1903-77) and Prince Charles (1948-), and where he introduced Ronald Reagan to Margaret Thatcher creates the Annenberg Foundation, followed in 1993 by the $500M Annenberg Challenge, a 5-year reform effort that is the largest single gift to date to U.S. public education, which goes on to fund over 2K public schools in 35 U.S. states. African-Am. rap group Public Enemy's "Minister of Information" Richard "Professor Griff" Griffin makes anti-Semitic remarks, causing the group to temporarily disband. The Nat. Film Registry is founded to preserve films of cultural, historic, and artistic significance (to the U.S. govt.?), with films annually picked by the Librarian of Congress and placed in an archive. After training to take over his family's Arzak Restaurant in San Sebastian in N Spain, Juan Mari Arzak Arratibel (1942-), creator of the New Basque Cuisine receives three Michelin stars; he goes on to train his daughter Elena Arzak (1969-) to work alongside him, and in 2012 she is named best female chef in the world. After championing a movement away from the excesses of nouvelle cuisine, Poitiers-born French chef Joel (Joël) Robuchon (1945-) is awarded the title of Chef of the Century by Gault et Millau, retiring at age 50. Am. dir. Steven Spielberg divorces actress Amy Irving, who receives a $100M settlement then marries Brazilian dir. Bruno Barreto in 1996-2005. Am. pianist Van Cliburn returns to Russia to perform in Moscow and Leningrad. "Piano Man" Billy Joel begins his sold-out Storm Front Tour to pay off $9M in debts after years of bad money management caused by signing in 1971 with a producer who kept collecting royalties long after working with him, a wife (Elizabeth) who was also his business mgr. and took him to the cleaners at the divorce court in 1983, and her successor, her brother Frank Weber, against whom Joel has a $90M lawsuit pending; meanwhile his supermodel wife (1985-94) Christie Brinkley and posh home in East Hampton, N.Y. are a consolation, after which her real estate holdings give her a net worth of $80M by 2010? Bruce Springsteen summarily dismisses the E Street Band to go in a new direction; they reunite in 1999. The world fish catch peaks at 86.4M metric tons this year. The term "Blue Banana" for the European Magalopolis on the Manchester-Milan Axis is coined by RECLUS, a group of French geographers led by Roger Brunet (1931-). Bolivianite (trade name for ametrine), a unique combo of purple amethyst and amber citrine is first commercially marketed. The U. of Phoenix begins the world's first online campus, enrolling eight students. PSINet in N Va. is founded as one of the first Internet service providers (ISPs) by Martin L. Schoffstall and William L. Schrader; after growing fast, it declares bankruptcy in 2001 and is acquired by Cogent Communications in 2002. Humphrey the Cat (-2006), a stray black-and-white wanders into 10 Downing St. in London and moves in with PM Margaret Thatcher, and goes on to stay with John Major and Tony and Cherie Blair, dying in Mar. 2006. Margaret Thatcher pisses-off the class-conscious Brits when she utters the soundbyte "We are a grandmother" after the birth of a grandchild. the Journal of Financial Economics is founded; in 1997 it establishes the Fama-DFA Prize for the best paper on capital markets and asset pricing research. The Vietnam Center and Archive is founded in Dec. at Texas Tech U., becoming the first U.S. institution to sign a formal exchange agreement with the Vietnamese govt. on Aug. 17, 2007. Phillips Exeter Academy teacher Richard G. Brown, father of novelist Dan Brown and author of the must-buy bestseller Advanced Mathematics: Precalculus With Discrete Mathematics and Data Analysis receives the Pres. Award for Excellence in Science and Mathematics Teaching from Pres. George H.W. Bush. The Mazda MX-5 Miata AKA the Roadstar small roadster is first marketed in the U.S. The Disney Renaissance begins (ends 1999), seeing Walt Disney Animation Studios return to blockbuster musical animated films incl. "The Little Mermaid" (1989), "The Rescuers Down Under" (1990), "Beauty and the Beast" (1991), "Aladdin" (1992), "The Lion King" (1994), "Pocahontas" (1995), "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1996), "Hercules" (1997), "Mulan" (1998), and "Tarzan" (1999). The Jazz Foundation of America is founded in Manhattan, N.Y., sponsoring the Jazz Musicians' Emergency Fund and Housing Fund, and the Jazz in Schools Program. Capitol Films is founded in the U.K., going on to produce 50+ films incl. "A Good Man in Africa" (1994), "Death and the Maiden" (1994), "Wilde" (1997), "Dancing at Lughnasa" (1998), "Gosford Park" (2001), "Elvis Has Left the Building" (2004), and "Lucky Number Sleven" (2006); in Jan. 2006 it is acquired by Am. Mobius Pictures, which goes bankrupt in Jan. 2012. LaFace Records is formed by Antonio "L.A." Reid (1956-) and Kenneth Brian "Babyface" Edmonds (1958-), who team with Arista Records, going on to promote Toni Braxton (1967-), TLC, Usher, OutKast, Dido, Ciara, Avril Lavigne, Pink, Rihanna, Kanye West et al. The Nat. Geographic Bee, sponsored by the Nat. Geographic Society is held for the first time. After getting pissed-off at the Avoid the Noid Campaign of Domino Pizza, Kenneth Lamar Noid (1967-) holds two store employees hostage in Chamblee, Ga., and is charged with multiple counts. The Western Music Hall of Fame is founded by the Western Music Assoc.; the first group of inductees incl. Rex Allen, Gene Autry, Patsy Montana, Tex Robbins, Roy Rogers and Dale Evans, and the Sons of the Pioneers. Bruce Cherry founds the London Rock Tour. Odell Brewing Co. in Fort Collins, Colo. is founded in a 1915 grain elevator outside downtown by Doug, Wynne, and Corkie Odell, becoming the 2nd packaging craft brewery in Colo., and the first in Fort Collins, growing to 8.3K barrels/lyear in 1994, 45K barrels/year in 2013, and 100K barrels/year in 2014. Architecture: On Mar. 17 the Civic Tower of the Cathedral of Pavia, Italy falls, causing efforts to be launched to save the Leaning Tower of Pisa from ditto; meanwhile St. Peter's Basilica in Montreal, Canada (built 1847) is promoted to the status of minor basilica by Pope John Paul II. In Apr. the Saddam Hussein Mosque in Birmingham, England is inaugurated. In May the Franklin Mills megamall in Philadelphia, Penn. opens. On Oct. 15 the Glass Pyramid over the new entrance in the main court of the Louvre in Paris, designed by architect I.M. Pei is inaugurated, featuring the Fontaine de la Pyramide in Cour Napoleon I of the Louvre; in 1993 his La Pyramide Inversee (Inversée) (the Inverted Pyramid) in the Carrousel du Louvre shopping mall in front of the Louvre is completed, causing speculation by Dan Brown et al. that the two pyramids represent the body of Mary Magdalene, or the Rosicrucian motto VITRIOL (Visita Interiorem Terrae Rectificandoque Invenies Occultum Lapidem) (Visit the interior of the Earth and you will find the secret stone). The 1,375km (854 mi.) Qaraqum (Kara Kum) Canal (begun 1954) is completed; too bad, it proves an ecological disaster, lowering the water level of the Aral Sea by 40 ft. and ending fishing by 1983, with salt blowing onto surrounding fields, poisoning water supplies. The $630M Mirage Casino in Las Vegas opens, featuring an indoor forest and outdoor volcano, beginning the building spree of Stephen Alan "Steve" Wynn (1942-), who got fed up with Atlantic City, N.J. and sold the Golden Nugget (built in 1980 for $140M) for $440M in 1987, and goes on to ramp Las Vegas up into a boom town until the 2008-9 recession causes it to hit a wall. Julian Bond dedicates a Monument to Us Cool Black People in Montgomery, Ala. designed by Maya Ying Lin. Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ont., Canada (begun 1986), home of the Toronto Blue Jays opens. Seoul Race Park in Gwacheon, Seoul, South Korea opens, becoming the #1 horseracing venue. Hollywood actor Dennis Weaver begins building a $1M 9.5K-sq.-ft. 6-bedroom solar-powered Earthship home ("the Michelin mansion") on 20 acres in the mountains in Ridgway, Colo., using 3K used blemished tires, 300K recycled cans and adobe walls; it has a stable, corral, greenhouse, and a private home; about a dozen copycat homes are built in the area; at his death in 2006 the home is put up for sale for $3.75M. Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Village on the South Kohala coast of the Big Island of Hawaii opens, featuring a lagoon with Atlantic bottlenose dolphins; in 2002 it is acquired by Hilton Hotels; in 1996, 1999, 2001, 2008, and 2014 the TV game show Wheel of Fortune tapes episodes there. The 80-ft.-high stone-paved tiered circular pyramid Yabba-Dabba-Doo Flintstone-wannabe Volcano Fountain (Arab. "Al Shallal") on the corniche in Yabba Dabba Abu Dhabi opens, modelled after one built in Honolulu Internat. Airport in the 1960s, and one at the Mirage Hotel in Las Vegas, Nev.; too bad, in Oct. 2004 it is demolished to make way for a redevelopment project. Sports: On Feb. 19 the 1989 (31st) Daytona 500 is won by #17 Darrell Lee Waltrip (1947-); Ken Schrader wins the pole for the 2nd straight year. On Feb. 25 Los Angeles, Calif.-born oil tycoon Jerral Wayne "Jerry" Jones Sr. (1942-) buys the NFL Dallas Cowboys from Bum Bright for $140M, firing coach Tom Landry in favor of his old teammate at the U. of Ark. Jimmy Johnson, then firing gen. mgr. Tex Schramm to assume complete control. In Feb. the first Arnold Classic bodybuilding contest, sponsored by Arnold Schwarzenegger is held in Columbus, Ohio. On Mar. 20 ML baseball commissioner Bart Giamatti confirms that his office is investigating "serious allegations" involving Cincinnati Reds mgr. Peter Edward "Pete" Rose (1941-); on Aug. 23 he suspends him for life, and dies eight days later on Sept. 1; on Sept. 13 he is succeeded by deputy commissioner Francis Thomas "Fay" Vincent Jr. (1938-) (until Sept. 7, 1992). On Apr. 8 the IBA allows the NBA to send players to the Olympics. On Apr. 23 Troy Kenneth Aikman (1966-) of UCLA is the first player chosen in the NFL draft in New York City as he is selected by the Dallas Cowboys. On May 14-25 the 1989 Stanley Cup Finals see the Calgary Flames defeat the Montreal Canadiens 4-2, becoming the last time the final series is played entirely in Canada (until ?); the Flames become the first relocated NHL team (from Atlanta, Ga. in 1980-1) to win the title; MVP is 6'1" Flames defenceman Allan "Al" MacInnis (1963-), known for having the hardest shot in the NHL, once splitting Mike Liut's mask with a shot. On May 28 the 1989 (73rd) Indianapolis 500 is won by Emerson Fittipaldi (1946-) of Brazil, who becomes the first foreign winner since 1966 after passing Al Unser Jr. in lap 199 and touching wheels, causing Unser to spin out and crash into the outside wall. On June 6-13 the 1989 NBA Finals sees the Detroit Pistons complete a 4-0 sweep of the Los Angeles Lakers to win their first NBA championship; they go on to end the Lakers and Celtics dynasties and delay the start of the Bulls dynasty despite their anti-social behavior and roughhousing playing style by Rick Mahorn (who likes to throw forearms), Dennis Rodman (throws elbows), and Bill Lambeer (throws fits); other key players are Isiah Thomas, Joe Dumars, and Vinnie "Microwave" Johnson. On June 27 the 1989 NBA Draft sees 27 teams select 54 players in two rounds (down from three); 8 of the top ten picks turn out bad, incl. #1 Pervis Ellison, and #2 Danny Ferry; 6'8" Tucson, Ariz.-born small forward Sean Michael Elliott (1968-) of the U. of Ariz. is selected #3 overall by the San Antonio Spurs (#32); 6'8" Flint, Mich.-born small forward Glen Anthony Rice Sr. (1967-) of the U. of Mich. is selected #4 overall by the Miami Heat (#41); in 2011 Joe McGinniss pub. The Rogue: Searching for the Real Sarah Palin, in which he claims that Sarah Palin had an affair with Rice in 1987. On July 23 Gregory James "Greg" LeMond (1961-) of the U.S. wins the Tour de France with an 8-sec. V on the Champs-Elysees. On Aug. 10 the first Virginia Slims Internat. Tennis Tournament is held in Moscow. On Aug. 26 a team from Trumbull, Conn. become the first U.S. team since 1983 to win the Little League World Series in Williamsport, Pa. Speaking of big blacks? On Oct. 3 Arthur Lee "Art" Shell Jr. (1946-) becomes the first African-Am. coach of a prof. football team, the NFL Los Angeles Raiders (until 1994). On Oct. 12 after an 0-5 start, the Dallas Cowboys stage The Trade, trading trade running back (since 1986) Herschel Junior Walker (1962-) (#34) and three draft picks to the Minnesota Vikings for defensive back Issac Holt, running back Darrin Nelson, three other players and eight draft picks, using the picks to land a Super Bowl core of Emmitt Smith, Russell Maryland, Darren Woodson, and Kevin Smith. On Oct. 15 Wayne Gretzky of the Los Angeles Kings surpasses Gordie Howe's NHL scoring record of 1,850 points in a game against his former team the past Edmonton goalie Bill Ranford, tying the game; on Dec. 29 Gretzky and tennis star Martina Navratilova are named athletes of the decade by the Associated Press (AP). On Oct. 26 N.J.-born atty. Paul John Tagliabue (1940-) becomes NFL commissioner (until Aug. 8, 2006), succeeding Pete Rozelle, going on to expand the NFL by six franchises. On Nov. 9 Dale Ellis of the Seattle Supersonics plays 69 of 73 min. in a 5-OT game vs. the Milwaukee Bucks. On Nov. 23 (Thanksgiving) the Bounty Bowl at Texas Stadium in Dallas sees Eagles head coach Buddy Ryan allegedly put a $200 bounty on Cowboys kicker Zendejas, whom they had cut earlier in the season, and another on QB Troy Aikman; the Eagles defeat the Cowboys by 27-0; on Dec. 10 a rematch (Bounty Bowl II) in at Veterans Stadium Philly is also won by the Eagles 20-10. On Dec. 25 the NFL holds its first Christmas Day Game. Philip Douglas "Phil" Jackson (1945-) becomes head coach of the Chicago Bulls (until 1998), going on to lead it to six NBA titles, after which he moves to the Los Angeles Lakers, leading it two three consecutive titles from 2000-2. "King of Clay" Thomas Muster (1967-) becomes the first Austrian tennis player to reach the semifinals of the Austrian Open, and first to be ranked in the world top-10; too bad, after defeating Yannick Noah of France in Mar. to set up a match with #1 Ivan Lendl, he is hit by a drunk driver, putting him out of action for 6 mo. Goalie Vladislav Tretiak (1952-) becomes the first Soviet (Russian) hockey player inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame, even though he never played for the NHL; in 2000 he is voted best Russian hockey player of the cent. Barney Oldfield, A.J. Foyt, Richard Petty, Phil Hill, Bill Muncey, Cannonball Baker, Don Garlits, and Jimmy Doolittle become the first drivers inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of Am. in Novi, Mich.; in 2009 it moves to Detroit, Mich. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso (1935-) (Tibet); Lit.: Camilo Jose Cela y Trulock (1916-) (Spain); Physics: Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (1915-) (U.S.) [atomic clock], Hans Georg Dehmelt (1922-2017) (U.S.) and Wolfgang Paul (1913-93) (West Germany) [ion trap]; Chem.: Thomas Robert Cech (1947-) (U.S.) and Sidney Altman (1939-) (Canada) [catalytic properties of RNA]; Medicine: John Michael Bishop Jr. (1936-) and Harold Elliot Varmus (1939-) (U.S.) [cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes]; Economics: Trygve Magnus Haavelmo (1911-99) (Norway) [clarification of probability foundations of econometrics, and analysis of simultaneous economic structures]. Inventions: In Mar. English-born Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee (1955-) of CERN in Switzerland invents the World Wide Web (WWW); it starts out as a company-only net called Enquire Within Upon Everything, and is released globally in 1991. In Mar. Guinness introduces the first widget for beer cans, which releases nitrogen as the beer is poured, creating tiny bubbles that are like ice cream in beer; in 1997 it introduces the Smoothifier floating widget. On July 17 the controversial Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber undergoes its first test flight at Edwards AFB, Calif. On July 20 Pres. Bush calls for a long-range space program to build an orbiting space station, establish a base on the Moon, and send a manned mission to Mars - in case Adam and Eve are needed again? Intel introduces the 1.18M-transistor 80486 microprocessor, which runs at 25 MHz. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), with a 0.1 nm lateral and 0.01 nm depth resolution is invented by IBM researchers Gerd Binnig (1947-) and Heinrich Rohrer (1933-), who win the 1986 Nobel Physics Prize. Science: On Mar. 23 Univ. of Utah chemists Bobby Stanley Pons (1943-) and Martin Fleischmann (1927-2012) announce that they have achieved cold fusion; too bad, other researchers fail to verify it, and it is eventually labelled an "illusion" - too much cold brewsky in Mormonland? On May 4 the NASA Magellan (Venus Radar Mapper) robot space probe (first U.S. interplanetary probe since 1978) is launched to map the surface of Venus with a synthetic aperture radar and also measure its gravitational field, becoming the first interplanetary mission launched from the Space Shuttle, the first to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster for launching, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking for circularizing its orbit; on Oct. 13, 1994 it burns up in the Venusian atmosphere. In May the first successful nuclear gene transfer in humans is performed after approval by the Nat. Insts. of Health. On Nov. 1 M.S. Reilly, D. Arasteh, and M. Rubin of Lawrence Berkeley Lab pub. the study The Effects of Infrared Absorbing Gasses on Window Heat Transfer: A Comparison of Theory and Experiment in Solar Energy Materials, which finds experimentally that CO2 is useless in trapping heat or delaying cooling when used in multipane windows, showing up the global warming scientists who tout CO2 as a major "greenhouse gas", with the conclusion: "The effect of the infrared radiation properties of CO2 is unnoticeable". On Nov. 17 the NASA Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) is launched to measure the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR), the alleged remnants of the light created 380K years after the Big Bang, before which the Universe was allegedly opaque to light; it goes on to confirm a classic black body spectrum indicating uniform temperature, with tiny "lumps" .001% richer in matter than the surrounding space, from which galaxies allegedly arose; George Fitzgerald Smoot III (1945-) of Lawrence Berkeley Nat. Lab in Calif. and John Cromwell Mather (1946-) of NASA receive the 2006 Nobel Physics Prize for their work after scientists generally accept the Big Bang theory; meanwhile John Peter Huchra (1948-2010), Margaret J. Geller (1948-) et al. of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics discover the Great Wall, a series of galaxies 500M l.y. long, 200M l.y. wide, and 15M l.y. thick, which would require 100B years to form from the Big Bang, casting more doubt on it; more than a dozen more Great Walls are later discovered, the biggest called the Sloan Great Wall 1.37B l.y. long requiring 250B years to form - a lot of bang for the buck? The human gene that encodes the CFTR (Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein is sequenced by Am. geneticist Francis Sellers Collins (1950-) and Chinese-born Canadian geneticist Lap-Chee Tsui (1950-); defects cause cystic fibrosis. Am. economists Herman Edward Daly (1938-) and John B. Cobb Jr. (1925-) propose the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW), revealing that in the U.S. the increase in economic welfare of the avg. citizen stabilized after the 1970s despite growth of GDP due to the external effects of production and inequity of income distribution. Swedish psychiatrist Lars Christopher Gillberg (1950-) pub. the first diagnostic criteria for Asperger Syndrome. Scientists comparing notes at the first Int. Conference on Herpetology discover the Frog Mystery, a sudden decline in many frog species around the world; nine species have become extinct since 1980, and another 113 species "can no longer be found"; almost one-third of the 5,743 known species are now considered endangered; Chytrid fungus is later implicated. Living sperm is first gender-separated into male and female-producing batches - the first step towards designer sexual preference? The antidepressant drug Mirtazapine is approved by the Netherlands, and introduced in the U.S. in 1996 under the brand name Remeron. Nonfiction: Peter Ackroyd (1949-), Ezra Pound and His World. Francesco Alberoni (1929-), Altruism and Morality; Genesis; the nascent state vs. Nirvana and the concept of democracy. Bill Anderson (1937-), Whisperin' Bill (autobio.). James Andreoni (1959-), Giving with Impure Altruism: Applications to Charity and Ricardian Equivalence. Timothy Garton Ash (1955-), The Uses of Adversity: Essays on the Fate of Central Europe. Joan Baez (1941-), And a Voice to Sing With (autobio.) (Nov.). Russell Baker (1925-), The Good Times (autobio.). Petr Beckmann (1924-93), Musical Musings. Cedric Belfrage, American Inquisition, 1945-1960: A Profile of the "McCarthy Era" (Oct.); British journalist who was deported to Britain complains of the horrors of the witchhunt; too bad, when the Venona Files are released in 1995, he turns out to be a paid KGB operative. A. Scott Berg (1949-), Goldwyn: A Biography. Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), The Dragon's Triangle. Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007), Daughter of the East (of Destiny) (autobio.) (June). Harold Bloom (1930-2019), Ruin the Sacred Truths: Poetry and Belief from the Bible to the Present. Sissela Bok (1934-), A Strategy for Peace: Human Values and the Threat of War. Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), Three Faces of Power (Aug. 1); power is the ability to get what we want, and incl. threat power, economic power, and integrative power (love, respect, etc.) - I knew all that by the time I was six? Timothy H. Breen (1942-), and Timothy D. Hall, Imagining the Past: A Story of Creative Interaction. Harry Browne (1933-2006), The Economic Time Bomb (Dec.). Robert Vance Bruce (1923-2008), The Shadow of a Coming War. George Burns (1896-1996), All My Best Friends (autobio.). James MacGregor Burns (1918-2014), The Crosswinds of Freedom; covers from the election of FDR to the present (end of the Cold War). Dolores Cannon (1931-), Conversations with Nostadamus (3 vols.) (1989, 1990, 1992). Bruce Chatwin (1940-89), What Am I Doing Here? Nancy Chodorow (1944-), Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory. Deepak Chopra (1946-), Quantum Healing: Exploring the Frontiers of Mind/Body Medicine; claims that quantum physics is the basis of the mind-body connection, and that consciousness is the basic foundation of the Universe. Andrei Codrescu (1946-), A Craving for Swan (essays). Robert Coles (1929-), Dorothy Day: A Radical Devotion (Jan. 22). Robert Conquest (1917-2015), Tyrants and Typewriters: Communiques in the Struggle for Truth (Oct.); "On my left, the biggest concentration of brute power the world has ever seen - a tremendous armament, a huge bureaucracy, an enormous police machine, a vast propaganda apparatus. On my right, one man at a typewriter holding a top page and five carbons. Such were the conditions under which the generation-long struggle for truth was waged in the USSR until the late 1980s." Stalin and the Kirov Murder; Stalin's complicity in the 1934 assassination of rival Sergei Kirov. Miles Copeland Jr. (1916-91), The Game Player: Confessions of the CIA's Original Political Operative; "Unlike The New York Times, Victor Marchetti and Philip Agee, my complaint has been that the CIA isn't overthrowing enough anti-American governments or assassinating enough anti-American leaders, but I guess I'm getting old." (1986 Rolling Stone interview) Edward Dahlberg (1900-77), Samuel Beckett's Wake and Other Uncollected Prose (posth.). William Dalrymple (1965-), In Xanadu: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East; his travels along the path taken by Marco Polo from Jerusalem to Shangdu. John H. Davis (1929-), Mafia Kingfish: Carlos Marcello and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy (Nov. 7). Percival Davis and Dean H. Kenyon, Of Pandas and People; textbook on Intelligent Design, dissing the Darwinian Theory of Evolution; 3rd ed. pub. in 2007 under the title "The Design of Life: Discovering Signs of Intelligence in Biological Systems". Annie Dillard (1945-), The Writing Life. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), A Singular Country. Michael Dorris (1945-97), The Broken Cord: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the Loss of the Future; his adopted son Reynold Abel with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), The New Realities; blames U.S. economic woes on a worldwide collapse of commodity exports and prices, not its manufacturing base, and calls for a "post-business" society with "knowledge workers" and voluntary "third-sector" orgs. Martin Bauml Duberman (1930-) (ed.), Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past. Freeman Dyson (1923-), Infinite in All Directions (Jan.); superstrings, black holes, and astrochickens. Barbara Ehrenreich (1941-), Fear of Falling: The Inner Life of the Middle Class; how it has retreated from liberalism to selfishness, and calls on them to join the working class and redistribute wealth and power downward. Richard Ellmann (1918-87), Oscar Wilde; the #1 bio.? Don Edward Fehrenbacher (1920-97), Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1832-1865 (2 vols.). FM-2030 (1930-2000), Are You a Transhuman? Monitoring and Stimulating Your Personal Rate of Growth in a Rapidly Changing World. Margaret Forster (1938-), Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography (Jan. 24). David Fromkin (1932-), A Peace to End All Peace: Creating the Modern Middle East, 1914-1922 (The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East); how after defeating and dismantling the Ottoman Empire after WWI, the Allies failed to forsee the resurgence of Muhammad's Great Jihad and let them play them for suckers, esp. with the red herring of the Jewish state of Israel; "When the British armed forces occupied the Middle East at the end of the war, the region was passive"; "In retrospect, one sees Britain undergoing a time of troubles everywhere in the Middle East between 1919 and 1921; but it was not experienced that way, at least not in the beginning"; "The principal British fantasy about the Middle East – that it wanted to be governed by Britain, or with her assistance – ran up against a stone wall of reality. The Sultan and Egypt's other leaders refused to accept mere autonomy or even nominal independence; they demanded full and complete independence, which Britain – dependent on the Suez Canal – would not grant." Robert Fulghum (1937-), It Was On Fire When I Lay Down On It (essays); bestseller about ways to deal with absurd situations. Francois Furet (1927-97), A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution. Paul Fussell Jr. (1924-2012), Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War, extending his coverage to WWII, focusing on common soldiers and civilians, showing how the Allied War effort has been sanitized and romanticized almost beyond recognition by "the sentimental, the loony patriotic, the ignorant, and the bloodthirsty." Peter Gay (1923-2015), The Freud Reader; reduces his mountainous output to the key papers. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), The Second World War: A Complete History. Carlo Ginzburg (1939-), Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath (Storia Notturna: Una Decifrazione del Sabba); English trans. pub. in 1990. E.J. Gold (1941-), Practical Work on Self. Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002), Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History; the Burgess Shale, which allegedly is a historyscope of life around 500M B.C.E., and how it shows the action of a systematic principle of Natural Selection and survival of the fittest, er, shows its opposite, demonstrating the action of blind chance and "exaptations" (features such as feathers which were evolved for one purpose such as temperature regulation but luckily help the species survive with another function, such as flying), and that if we could rewind the Universe and do it again, we humans might not be here now? - what is that intelligent design stuff again? Sebastian de Grazia (1917-2000), Machiavelli in Hell (Pulitzer Prize). Joyce Grenfell (1910-79), The Time of My Life: Entertaining the Troops: Her Wartime Diaries; her WWII journals. Stanislav Grof (1931-) and Christina Grof (eds.), Spiritual Emergency: When Personal Transformation Becomes a Crisis. Col. David Haskell Hackworth (1930-2005) and Julie Sherman, About Face: The Odyssey of an American Warrior (autobio.). David Halberstam (1934-2007), Summer of '49; about the MLB pennant race between the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox back when players were blue collar working class heroes and not spoiled millionaires. Eugene Halliday (1911-87), Reflexive Self-Consciousness; "It is the self, which is consciousness itself which is observing this thing, this self I am, I return to the self." Graham Hancock (1950-), Lords of Poverty: The Power, Prestige, and Corruption of the International Aid Business; the $60B per year U.S. foreign aid biz. Victor Davis Hanson (1953-), The Western Way of War: Infantry Battle in Classical Greece. Donna Haraway (1944-), Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science. Michael Harrington (1928-89), Socialism: Past and Future. Barbara Grizzuti Harrison (1934-2002), Italian Days. Campbell Harvey (1958-), Forecasting Economic Growth with the Bond and Stock Markets; claims that when short-term interest rates are higher than long-term rates (inverted yield curve), a recession follows, which turns out to be true in 1989/1990-1, 2000/2001, and 2006/2007-9. Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005), Behind the Veil of Economics: Essays in the Worldly Philosophy (June 17). Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005) and Peter L. Berstein (1919-2009), The Debt and the Deficit: False Alarms/Real Possibilities (Apr.); deficits aren't so bad? Carolyn Heilbrun (1926-2003), Writing a Woman's Life (Sept. 2); how until the 1970s stories about women have been tainted by men. Wally Herbert (1934-2007), The Noose of Laurels: Robert E. Peary and the Race to the North Pole (July 1); famed British polar explorer concludes that Peary only got 60 mi. (97km) from the North Pole in 1909 and falsified his records. C. David Heymann, A Woman Named Jackie. Charles Higham (1931-2012), Cary Grant: The Lonely Heart. David Joel Horowitz (1939-) and Peter Collier, Second Thoughts: Former Radicals Look Back at the Sixties (Apr. 25); Destructive Generation: Second Thoughts About the '60s; lifelong Jewish-Am. leftist goes neocon. A.E. Hotchner (1920-), Hemingway and His World. Irving Howe (1920-93), The Return of Terrorism. Linda Moulton Howe, Alien Harvest: Further Evidence Linking Animal Mutilations and Human Abductions to Alien Life Forms (debut). Jill Ireland (1936-90), Life Lines (autobio.) (Apr.). Glynn Isaac (1937-85), The Archaeology of Human Origins: Papers by Glynn Isaac (posth.); ed. Barbara Isaac. Irving Lester Janis (1918-90), Crucial Decisions: Leadership in Policymaking and Crisis Management. Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-), Politics and Productivity: The Real Story of Why Japan Works. Tony R. Judt (1948-2010) (ed.), Resistance and Revolution in Mediterranean Europe, 1939-1948. Pauline Kael (1919-2001), Hooked: Film Writings 1985-88. Stanley Abram Karnow (1925-2013 ), In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines (Pulitzer Prize); the 1899-1902 Philippine-Am. War, "the story of America's only major colonial experience". George Frost Kennan (1904-2005), Sketches from a Life (autobio.). David I. Kertzer (1948-) and Dennis P. Hogan, Family, Political Economy, and Demographic Change: The Transformation of Life in Casalecchio, Italy, 1861-1921. Ken Keyes Jr. (1921-95), Discovering the Secrets of Happiness: My Intimate Story (autobio.). Tracy Kidder (1945-), Among Schoolchildren. Susan Lammers, Programmers at Work: Interviews With 19 Programmers Who Shaped the Computer Industry (July 1). Louis L'Amour (1908-88), Education of a Wandering Man (autobio.). Frances Moore Lappe (1944-), Rediscovering America's Values. Richard Lederer (1938-), Anguished English: An Anthology of Accidental Assaults Upon Our Language; "In 1957, Eugene O'Neill won a Pullet Surprise". Michael Lewis (1960-), Liar's Poker: Rising Through the Wreckage on Wall Street (autobio.); his life as a bond salesman at Salomon Brothers. Seymour Martin Lipset (1922-2006), Continental Divide: The Values and Institutions of the United States and Canada. Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), Out After Dark (autobio.); Dublin in the 1940s-1950s. Phillip Lopate (1943-), Against Joie de Vivre. Gyorgy Lukacs (1885-1971), Theory, Culture and Politics (posth.). Golo Mann (1909-94), Wir Alle Sind, Was Wir Gelesen. William Matthews (1942-97), Curiosities: Poems on Poetry. Bill McKibben (1960-), The End of Nature (first book); becomes the first gen. audience book on global warming, attempting to stir readers into action either via the "Defiant Reflex" or a "More Humble Way of Living"; he goes on to found 350.org and lead 5.2K simultaneous demonstrations in 2009; "If the waves crash up against the beach, eroding dunes and destroying homes, it is not the awesome power of Mother Nature. It is the awesome power of Mother Nature as altered by the awesome power of man, who has overpowered in a century the processes that have been slowly evolving and changing of their own accord since the earth was born." John McPhee (1931-), The Control of Nature. Bruce Metzger (1913-2007) (ed.), New Revised Standard Version of the Bible; uses gender-neutral language, eliminates thous and thees, and changes "Once I was stoned" to "Once I received a stoning"; after it pisses-off conservative readers, the English Standard Version of the Bible is pub. in 2001 to go back to the good ole times. Barry Miles (1943-), Ginsberg: A Biography. Raymond Moody (1944-), Elvis After Life: Unusual Psychic Experiences Surrounding the Death of a Superstar. Sheridan Morley (1941-2007), Odd Man Out: The Life of James Mason [1909-84] (Aug.). Steven Naifeh (1952-) and Gregory White Smith (1951-2014), Jackson Pollock: An American Saga (Pulitzer Prize); claims that Pollock was murdered by village bullies. John Naisbitt (1929-) and Patricia Aburdene, Megatrends 2000. Robert Nozick (1938-2002), The Examined Life. Robert Evan Ornstein (1942-) and Paul Ralph Ehrlich (1932-), New World, New Mind: Moving Towards Conscious Evolution. P.J. O'Rourke (1947-), Holidays in Hell: In Which Our Intrepid Reporter Travels to the World's Worst Places and Asks, "What's Funny About This". Cynthia Ozick (1928-), Metaphor and Memory; fiction is a moral battleground? Vance Packard (1914-96), Ultra Rich: How Much Is Too Much?; 30 Am. millionaires examined. Sir Roger Penrose (1931-), The Emperor's New Mind; argues that the mind's ability to best Godel's Theorem shows that it must have a quantum-level operation, which could be involved in the random choice of position when a quantum wave collapses into a particle. Roy Porter (1946-2002), Man Masters Nature: Twenty-Five Centuries of Science; Health for Sale: Quackery in England, 1660-1850; A Social History of Madness: The World Through the Eyes of the Insane (Oct. 6). Roy Porter (1946-2002) and Dorothy Porter, Patient's Progress: Doctors and Doctoring in Eighteenth-Century England. V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), Chekhov: A Spirit Set Free (Oct. 23). P. Pylkkanen (ed.), The Search for Meaning: The New Spirit in Science and Philosophy; incl. Meaning and Information by David Bohm (1917-92). Gilda Radner (1946-89), It's Always Something (autobio.); #1 NYT bestseller; "Like in the romantic fairy tales I always loved, Gene Wilder and I were married by the mayor of a small village in the south of France, Sept. 18, 1984." James Randi (1928-), The Magic World of the Amazing Randi (Sept.). Mohamed Rasoel, The Decline of the Netherlands: Land of the Naive Fools; tells the truth about the country's softness on Islam, pissing-off the govt., which fines him $4K for incitement to race or religion hatred. Diane Ravitch (1938-), What Do Our 17-Year-Olds Know? A Report on the First National Assessment of History and Literature. Nancy Reagan (1921-2016) and William Novak, My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan (Oct. 18); claims there was no "plot to get rid of Don Regan", and takes credit for getting her hubby Ronald to meet with Gorbachev in Geneva. Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), More Classics Revisited (posth.). Gabrielle Roth (1941-2012) and John Loudon, Maps to Ecstasy: Teachings of an Urban Shaman (Apr.); the Wave Dance. Oliver Wolf Sacks (1933-), Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (Aug.). Harrison Evans Salisbury (1908-93), Tiananmen Diary: Thirteen Days in June (Oct. 12). Simon Schama (1945-), Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution; claims that the French Rev. didn't produce a "patriotic culture of citizenship", but was preceded by one, filled with interesting anecdotes and a cool description of the Reign of Terror, becoming a hit, but controversial for its claim that the violence was inherent from the start. Bob Schieffer (1937-) and Gary Paul Gates, The Acting President: Ronald Reagan and the Supporting Players Who Helped Him Create the Illusion That Held America Spellbound. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), The Savings and Loan Bailout: Valiant Rescue or Hysterical Reaction? Bernie S. Siegel, Peace, Love and Healing; "Love and peace of mind do protect us". B.F. Skinner (1904-90), Recent Issues in the Analysis of Behavior. Robert Sobel (1931-99), Trammell Crow, Master Builder: The Story of America's Largest Real Estate Empire (June). George Steiner (1929-), Real Presences: Is There Anything in What We Say?; our experience of meaning in art, music, and lit. presupposes the existence of God as a "necessary possibility"? Han Suyin (1917-), China 1890-1938: From the Warlords to World War. William Taubman (1940-) and Jane Taubman, Moscow Spring. John Terraine (1921-2003), Business in Great Waters: The U-Boat Wars, 1916-1945 (last book). Paul Theroux (1941-), Riding the Iron Rooster: By Train Through China (Mar. 28). Kenneth R. Timmerman (1953-), Gorbachev's Technology Wars: How the U.S.S.R. Arms Itself in the West. Joseph Wambaugh (1937-), The Blooding: The True Story of the Narborough Village Murders. Cornel West (1953-), The American Evasion of Philosophy: A Genealogy of Pragmatism. Stuart Wilde (1946-), The Trick to Money is Having Some. George Frederick Will (1941-), Men at Work: The Craft of Baseball. Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), Resources of Hope: Culture, Democracy, Socialism (posth.) (Mar. 1); ed. by R. Gale; What I Came to Say (posth.); The Politics of Modernism (posth.); ed. by J. Higgins. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Ishtar Rising: Or, Why the Goddess Went to Hell and What to Expect Now That She's Returning; rev. of "The Book of the Breast" (1974). Frederick William Winterbotham (1897-1990), The Ultra Spy: An Autobiography; British RAF officer involved in the WWII Ultra codebreaking effort at Bletchley Park 50 mi. NW of London. Shelley Winters (1920-2006), Shelley II: The Middle of My Century (autobio.); another juicy tell-all. Tobias Wolff (1945-), This Boy's Life (autobio.); filmed in 1993 by Michael Caton-Jones starring Leonardo DiCaprio. Roger J. Woolger (1944-2011) and Jennifer Barker, The Goddess Within: A Guide to the Eternal Myths That Shape Women's Lives; explains female psychology in terms of Greek goddesses. George Woodcock (1912-95), William Godwin: A Biographical Study; A Social History of Canada; Powers of Observation; The Century That Made Us: Canada 1814-1914. Robert Wright (1957-), Three Scientists and Their Gods: Looking for Meaning in an Age of Information; Ed Fredkin, Edward Osborne Wilson, Kenneth Boulding. Gary Zukav (1942-), The Seat of the Soul; #1 NYT bestseller; Oprah Winfrey's favorite book other than the Bible; "Every action, thought, and feeling is motivated by an intention, and that intention is a cause that exists as one with an effect... In this most profound way, we are held responsible for every action, thought, and feeling, which is to say, for our every intention"; "My objective was not to make the soul legitimate in terms of science. The soul is legitimate, period. It doesn't need validation... The Seat of the Soul is a book designed to open the heart"; "Our evolution, until very recently, has been as five sensory humans evolving through the exploration of physical reality. That is the same thing as the pursuit of external power. Now we have crossed the threshold, we're in new territory, a brand new domain. We are now becoming multi sensory." Art: Carlos Fresquez (1956-), City Blues (painting); 8 x 12 ft. Jasper Johns (1930-), The Seasons. Brice Marden (1938-), Cold Mountain Series (1989-91). Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Violetation; L'Envenement Non Identifie. On Dec. 15 Sicilian-born Am. artist Arturo Di Modica (1941-) installs his $360K Charging Bull Bronze Sculpture in Bowling Green Park in Lower Manhattan, N.Y. in front of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) as a Christmas gift to symbolize the "strength and power of the American people" after the 1987 stock market crash. Bruce Nauman (1941-), Clown Taking a Shit. Jules Olitski (1922-2007), Beauty of Lauren Grace Paley (1922-2007) and Vera B. Williams (1927-), 365 Reasons Not to Have Another War. Philip Pearlstein (1924-), Nude Female with Red Model Airplane; Two Nude Women with Horse, Weathervanes and Punch. Music: Aerosmith, Pump (album #10) (Sept. 12); incl. Young Lust, Going Down/Love in an Elevator ("Oh, good morning Mr. Perry, going dooown?"), Water Song/Annie's Got a Gun, What It Takes, Dulcimer Stomp/The Other Side. Jon Anderson (1944-), Bill Bruford (1949-), Rick Wakeman (1949-), and Steve Howe (1947-), Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (ABWH) (album); rock group Yes members. B-52's, Cosmic Thing (album #5) (June 27) (#4 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.); incl. Cosmic Thing, Love Shack, Roam, Deadbeat Club. Joan Baez (1941-), Speaking of Dreams (album) (Nov.); incl. China (1989 Tiananmen Square protests). Marcia Ball (1949-), Gatorhythms (album) (June 20). Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Will the Circle Be Unbroken Vol. 2 (album) (May 1); vol. 1 in 1972. George Benson (1943-), Tenderly (album) (July 3); incl. Tenderly. Clint Black (1962-), Killin' Time (album) (debut) (May 2) (#1 country) (#31 in the U.S.) (3M copies); incl. Killin' Time (#1), A Better Man (#1), Nobody's Home (#1), Walkin' Away (#1), Nothing's News (#3). Mother Love Bone, Shine (EP) (debut) (Mar. 20); from Seattle, Wash., incl. Andrew Patrick Wood (1966-90); incl. Chloe Dancer/ Crown of Thorns. David Bowie (1947-2016) and the Tin Machine, Tin Machine (album) (May 23); Reeves Gabrels (1956-) (guitar), Hunt Sales (1954-) (drums), Tony Sales (1951-) (bass), Kevin Armstrong (guitar); incl. Heaven's in Here, Under the God, Prisoner of Love. Garth Brooks (1962-), Garth Brooks (album) (debut) (Apr. 12) (#2 country) (#13 in the U.S.) (10M copies); launches his black-hatted super country career of 15 charted albums and 70 hit singles, with total sales of 68M albums, passing up the Beatles in 1991; incl. Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old), If Tomorrow Never Comes (his first country #1), - Not Counting You, The Dance (his personal favorite). Jackson Browne (1948-), World in Motion (album #9) (June 6) (#45 in the U.S.). Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Off to See the Lizard (album #18) (June); next album in 1994. Kate Bush (1958-), The Sensual World (album #7) (Oct. 17); incl. The Sensual World, This Woman's Work, Heads We're Dancing, Love and Anger, Between a Man and a Woman. Fine Young Cannibals, The Raw and the Cooked (album #2) (Feb. 20) (#1 in the U.S.); title from a book by Claude Levi-Strauss; incl. She Drives Me Crazy (#1 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.), Don't Look Back, Good Thing (#1 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.), I'm Not Satisfied, Ever Fallen in Love (With Someone You Shouldn't've) (by the Buzzcocks). Mary Chapin Carpenter (1958-), State of the Heart (album #2) (June 13) (#28 country); incl. How Do (#19 country), Never Had It So Good (#8 country), Quittin' Time (#7 country), Something of a Dreamer (#14 country). Tracy Chapman (1964-), Crossroads (album #2) (Oct. 3) (#9 in the U.S.); incl. Crossroads (#90 in the U.S.). Cher (1946-), Baby I'm Yours (from "Mermaids"); The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss) (from "Mermaids"); Heart of Stone (album #20) (June 19); sells 11M; incl. Heart of Stone, After All (with Peter Cetera), If I Could Turn Back Time, Just Like Jesse James. Wang Chung, The Warmer Side of Cool (album #5) (last album) (May 23) (#123 in the U.S.); incl. Praying to a New God (#63 in the U.S.). Metal Church, Blessing in Disguise (album #3); first with vocalist Mike Howe of Heretic after David Wayne left to form Reverend, and guitarist John Marshall, who replaced Kurdt Vanderhoof; incl. Anthem to the Estranged. Shawn Colvin (1956-), Steady On (album) (debut) (Oct. 17) (#111 in the U.S.); incl. Steady On (#30 in the U.S.). Joe Cocker (1944-2014), One Night of Sin (album #12) (Aug.). Judy Collins (1939-), Sanity and Grace (album #20). Phil Collins (1951-), ...But Seriously (album #4) (Nov. 7); incl. Another Day in Paradise (about homelessness), Colours (about apartheid), That's Just the Way It Is (about Northern Ireland). Alice Cooper (1948-), Trash (album #18) (July 25); incl. Poison (#7 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.), Bed of Nails, House of Fire, Only My Heart Talkin' Elvis Costello (1954-), Spike (album) (Feb. 14); first on Warner Brothers; incl. Veronica (co-written by Paul McCartney). 2 Live Crew, As Nasty As They Wanna Be (album #3) (Feb. 7); incl. Me So Horny (samples the 1987 Stanley Kubrick film "Full Metal Jacket"), Dick Almighty, The Fuck Shop; prosecuted for obscenity in Fla., it becomes the first album in history to be deemed legally obscene until the 11th U.S. Circuit Court overturns the conviction. David Crosby (1941-), Oh Yes I Can (album #2) (Jan. 23); takes 18 years to crank out a solo album?; incl. Drive My Car. Motley Crue, Dr. Feelgood (album #5) (Sept. 1) (#1 in the U.S.) (6M copies); incl. Dr. Feelgood (#6 in the U.S.), Without You (#8 in the U.S.), Kickstart My Heart (#27 in the U.S.), Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away) (#19 in the U.S.), Same Ol' Situation (S.O.S.) (#78 in the U.S.). The Cure, Disintegration (album #8) (May 1) (#12 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); Robert Smith turns 30, so he goes back to LSD to make it his best?; incl. Pictures of You (#71 in the U.S., #24 in the U.K.), Lovesong (The Cure Song) (#2 in the U.S., #18 in the U.K.), Lullaby (#74 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.), Fascination Street (#46 in the U.S.). Michael Damian (1962-), Rock On (#1 in the U.S.); from the 1989 film "Dream a Little Dream". Taylor Dayne (1962-), Can't Fight Fate (album #2) (Oct. 7) (#25 in the U.S.); incl. Love Will Lead You Back (#1 in the U.S.), I'll Be Your Shelter (#4 in the U.S.), With Every Beat of My Heart (#5 in the U.S.), Heart of Stone (#12 in the U.S.). Grateful Dead, Dylan & The Dead (album) (Jan. 30); Built to Last (album #13) (last studio album) (Oct. 31). John Denver (1943-97), Higher Ground (album) (Sept. 29); incl. Higher Ground. The Goo Goo Dolls, Jed (album #2) (Feb.); incl. Up Yours, No Way Out. Jason Donovan (1968-), Ten Good Reasons (album) (debut) (May 1); sells 1.5M copies; incl. Too Many Broken Hearts, Sealed with a Kiss, Every Day (I Love You More), When You Come Back to Me. Doobie Brothers, Cycles (album #10) (Mar.); incl. The Doctor. Duran Duran, Decade: Greatest Hits (album) (Nov. 15); Burning the Ground. Bob Dylan (1941-), Dylan & the Dead (album) (Jan. 30); Oh Mercy (album #26) (Sept. 18); incl. Oh Mercy. Electronic, Getting Away With It (debut); from England, incl. Neil Francis Tennant (1954-) (of Pet Shop Boys) (vocals), Bernard Sumner (1956-) (formerly of New Order), and Johnny Marr (John Martin Maher) (1963-) (guitar) (formerly of the Smiths). Gloria Estefan (1957-) and the Miami Sound Machine, Cuts Both Ways (album #11) (first solo album) (July 5) (#6 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (10M copies); incl. Don't Wanna Lose You (#1 in the U.S.), Get On Your Feet, Here We Are, Oye Me Canto (Hear My Voice). Melissa Etheridge (1961-), Brave and Crazy (album #2) (Sept. 11); incl. No Souvenirs, Let Me Go, The Angels. Eurythmics, We Too Are One (album #8) (Sept.) (#1 in the U.K.); next album in 1999; title is ironic since Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart already split, and in 1987 he married Bananarama singer Siobhan Fahey; incl. Revival, Don't Ask Me Why, The King and Queen of America, Angel. Extreme, Extreme (album) (debut) (Mar. 14); from Boston, Mass., incl. Gary Francis Caine Cherone (1961-) and Nuno Duarte Gil Mendes Bettencourt (1966-); incl. Play With Me, Kid Ego. Tears For Fears, Seeds Of Love (album #3) (Aug. 3) (#8 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. Woman in Chains, Sowing the Seeds of Love, Advice for the Young at Heart, Famous Last Words. Fishbone, Lyin' Ass Bitch (Jan. 24); played during the exit of Republican pres. candidate Michele Bachmann (1956-) on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on Nov. 21, 2011, pissing her off. Julia Fordham (1962-), Porcelain (album); incl. Porcelain, Manhattan Skyline. Peter Frampton (1980-), When All the Pieces Fit (album #10) (Jan. 8). Psychedelic Furs, Book of Days (album) (Oct. 10); incl. Book of Days. Kenny G (1956-), Kenny G Live (album #6) (Nov. 21) incl. Going Home, which becomes a hit in China et al., played by stores when it's time to you know what. Kool and the Gang, Sweat (album #20); first without J.T. Taylor. Mary's Garden, Mary Goes Round. Bee Gees, One (album #16) (Apr. 17); dedicated to Andy Gibbs; sells 1M copies; incl. One, Ordinary Lives, Bodyguard, Tokyo Nights. Debbie Gibson (1970-), Electric Youth (album #2) (Jan. 24) (#1 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.); incl. Lost in Your Eyes (#1 in the U.S.), Electric Youth (#11 in the U.S.), No More Rhyme (#17 in the U.S.), We Could Be Together (#71 in the U.S.). Indigo Girls, Indigo Girls (album) (debut) (Feb. 28) (#22 in the U.S.); originally the B-Band; lesbian folk singers from Decatur, Ga., Amy Elizabeth Ray (1964-) and Emily Saliers (1963-); incl. Closer to Fine (#52 in the U.S.), Land of Canaan; Strange Fire (album #2) (Oct. 10). Nina Hagen (1955-), Nina Hagen (album #6) (Oct. 8); incl. Viva Las Vegas (by Elvis Presley), Ave Maria (by Franz Schubert). Emmylou Harris (1947-), Bluebird (album) (Jan. 21); incl. Heartbreak Hill, Heaven Only Knows. Men Without Hats, The Adventures of Women & Men Without Hate in the 21st Century (album #4) (Oct.); incl. SOS. Ofra Haza (1957-2000), Desert Wind (album) (Jan. 16); incl. Kaddish. Uriah Heep, Raging Silence (album #17); first with vocalist Bernie Shaw; incl. Blood Red Roses, Hold Your Head Up (by Argent). Jeff Healey (1966-2008), Road House Soundtrack (album) (May 16). Don Henley (1947-), The End of the Innocence (album #3) (June 27); sells 6M copies; incl. The End of the Innocence (written by Bruce Hornsby) (#1), The Last Worthless Evening, New York Minute, The Heart of the Matter. Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 64 ("Agiochook"), Op. 422. Michael Hutchence (1960-97) and Ollie Olsen (1958-), Max Q (album). Public Image Ltd., 9 (album #7) (May 30); incl. Disappointed. LL Cool J (1968-), Walking with a Panther (album #3) (June 9); incl. Goin Back to Cali, I'm That Type of Guy, Jingling Baby, Big Ole Butt. Alan Jackson (1958-), Here in the Real World (album) (debut). Janet Jackson (1966-), Rhythm Nation 1814 (album #4) (Sept. 19) (#1 in the U.S.) (14M copies) (#1 album in the U.S. for 1990, generating a record seven top-5 hits, incl. 4 #1s, 2 #2s, and 1 #4); "We are a nation with no geographic boundaries, bound together by our beliefs. We are like-minded individuals, sharing a common vision, pushing toward a world rid of color lines"; Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner" in 1814, R is the 18th letter, N is the 14th letter, and guess what day the album is released; oh yes, in 1814 women were granted education beyond the 8th grade; incl. Rhythm Nation, State of the World, Miss You Much, Love Will Never Do (Without You), Alright, Escapade, Black Cat, Come Back to Me - she's not really Michael with a wig? La Toya Jackson (1956-), Bad Girl (album); incl. Bad Girl; her first big hit. Michael Jackson (1958-2009), Leave Me Alone; broadside to reporters. Millie Jackson (1944-), Back to the Shit! (album #19); cover shows her sitting on the toilet. Rick James (1948-2004), Kickin' (album #11); incl. Kickin'. Billy Joel (1949-), Storm Front (album #11) (Oct. 31) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. We Didn't Start the Fire (#1 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.) (lyrics are headline events from his birth year of 1949 to 1989), I Go to Extremes, Leningrad (about the end of the Cold War), The Downeaster Alexa, And So It Goes, That's Not Her Style. Elton John (1947-), Sleeping with the Past (album #22) (Aug. 29); incl. Sleeping with the Past, Healing Hands, Sacrifice (first #1 U.K. single). Holly Johnson (1960-), Blast (solo debut) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Love Train (#4 in the U.K.), Americanos (#4 in the U.K.), Atomic City, Heaven's Here. Grace Jones (1948-), Bulletproof Heart (album #9); last studio album until 2008; incl. Love on Top of Love, Amado Mio. Jesus Jones, Liquidizer (album) (debut) (Oct.); from Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire, England; incl. Mike Edwards, Jerry De Borg, Al Doughty, Iain Baker, Gen; incl. Info Freako. The Kinks, UK Jive (album #22) (Oct. 2); a flop. The KLF, The "What Time Is Love?" Story (album) (Sept. 25); Kallisti Liberation Front; formerly the Justified Ancients of Mu Mu, Timelords, etc.; King Boy D (Bill Drummond), Rockman Rock (Jimmy Cauty). Patti LaBelle (1944-) and Diane Warren (1956-), Be Yourself (album #7); incl. If You Asked Me To. k.d. lang (1961-) and the Reclines, Absolute Torch and Twang (album #3); incl. Full Moon Full of Love. Cyndi Lauper (1953-), A Night to Remember (album #3) (May); incl. A Night to Remember, I Drove All Night. Murphy's Law, Back with a Bong (album #3). Julian Lennon (1963-), Mr. Jordan (album #3) (Mar. 10); named after the 1941 film "Here Comes Mr. Jordan"; incl. Now You're In Heaven. The Flaming Lips, Telepathic Surgery (album #3); incl. Chrome Plated Suicide, Drug Machine (in Heaven). Tone Loc (1966-), Loc-ed After Dark (album) (debut) (Jan. 23) (#1 in the U.S., #22 in th8e U.K.); incl. Wild Thing, Funky Cold Medina, I Got It Goin' On. Lyle Lovett (1957-), Lyle Lovett and His Large Band (album #3) (Jan. 25) (#10 country); incl. Stand By Your Man (by Tammy Wynette) (#82 country), which is incl. in the soundtrack of the 1993 film "The Crying Game". Madonna (1958-), Like a Prayer (album #4) (Mar. 21) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (14M copies); incl. Like A Prayer, Express Yourself, Cherish, Oh Father, Keep It Together; the video for "Like A Prayer" incl. stigmata, burning crosses, and a love scene with a saint, pissing-off the Vatican, causing Pepsi to cancel her sponsorship contract but let her keep her $5M fee, which she rationalizes as okay since it was about dissing white male patriarchal Christianity - it's either her way or the highway, she's an American and does her own thing - this makes her one of the greatest world symbols of emancipated women? Yngwie Malmsteen (1963-), Trial by Fire: Live in Leningrad (album) (#128 in the U.S.). 10,000 Maniacs, Blind Man's Zoo (album #4) (May 16) (#13 in the U.S.); incl. Eat for Two (#12), Trouble Me (#20). Young M.C. (1967-), Stone Cold Rhymin' (album) (debut) (Sept. 5); Bust a Move (#7 in the U.S., #73 in the U.K.), Principal's Office (#33 in the U.S.). Paul McCartney (1942-), Flowers in the Dirt (album #8) (June 5) (#21 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. My Brave Face, Put It There, Figure of Eight, This One; he begins the Paul McCartney World Tour (1989-90). Reba McEntire (1955-), Sweet Sixteen (album #16) (May); incl. Cathy's Clown (by Don Everly), Til Love Comes Again, Little Girl; Reba Live (album) (Aug. 30). John Cougar Mellencamp (1951-), Big Daddy (album) (May 9); incl. Big Daddy of Them All, Pop Singer, Jackie Brown. Kylie Minogue (1968-), Enjoy Yourself (album #2) (Oct. 9) (#1 in the U.K.) (1M copies); incl. Hand on Your Heart (#1 in the U.K.), Wouldn't Change a Thing (#2 in the U.K.), Never Too Late (#4 in the U.K.), Tears on My Pillow (#2 in the U.S.). Van Morrison (1945-), Avalon Sunset (album #19); incl. Whenever God Shines His Light. Allanah Myles (1958-), Alannah Myles (album) (debut) (Jan. 1); incl. Love Is, Lover of Mine, Still Got This Thing For You, Black Velvet (#1 internat. hit, most played song on radio for 1989). Stephanie Mills (1957-), Home (album) (June 26); incl. Home, Comfort of a Man. Liza Minnelli (1946-), Results (album) (Sept. 11) (#6 in the U.K.) ("When I wear this dress I get results"); incl. Losing My Mind (with the Pet Shop Boys). Faith No More, The Real Thing (album #3) (June 20) (#11 in the U.S.); incl. From Out of Nowhere (#23 in the U.K.) (makes fun of glam bands), Epic (#9 in the U.S.), Surprise! You're Dead!, Falling to Pieces (#92 in the U.S.). Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Land of Enchantment (album #15) (June 6); incl. Land of Enchantment, Never Givin' Up on Love. Nine Inch Nails, Pretty Hate Machine (album) (debut) (Oct. 20); from Cleveland, Ohio, incl. Michael Trent Reznor (1965-); incl. Head Like a Hole, Terrible Lie, Down In It. Naughty by Nature, Independent Leaders (album) (debut); from East Orange, N.J., incl. Treach, Vin Rock, and DJ Kay Gee. Vomito Negro, Musical Art Conjunct of Sound (album #4); Shock (album #5). Aaron Neville (1941-) and Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind (album) (Oct. 3); incl. Cry Like a Rainstorm, Don't Know Much, All My Life, When Something Is Wrong With My Baby. Juice Newton (1952-), Ain't Gonna Cry (album) (June 28); incl. When Love Comes Around the Bend. Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), Warm and Tender (album); children's lullabies; no more albums for 9 years (whew). Nirvana, Bleach (album) (debut) (June 15); sells only 30K copies until they get popular, then 4M copies; from Aberdeen, Wash.; formed in 1987; incl. Kurt Donald Cobain (1967-94) (lead singer), Krist Anthony Novoselic II (1965-) (bass), and David Eric "Dave" Grohl (1969-) (drums); released on the Sub Pop label; made for $600, the scruffy Seattle grunge garage punk scene is on, with Nirvana as the "Flagship Band of Gen-X"; incl. Blew, About a Girl, Love Buzz, Sliver. Luigi Nono (1924-90), Hay Que Caminar Sonando. Gary Numan (1958-) and Bill Sharpe, Automatic (album) (June); incl. Change Your Mind (#17 in the U.K.). Laura Nyro (1947-97), Laura: Live at the Bottom Line (album) (Oct.). The Offspring, The Offspring (album) (debut) (June 15); from Huntington Beach, Calif., incl. Bryan Keith "Dexter" Holland (1965-) (vocals, guitar), Kevin "Noodles" Wasserman (1963-) (guitar), Gregory David "Greg K." Kriesel (1965-) (bass), and Ronald "Ron" Welty (1971-) (drums); only 1K made, in 12 in. vinyl format, and it takes 2.5 years to sell them all; incl. Blackball, I'll Be Waiting. Roy Orbison (1936-88), You Got It/ The Only One (Jan.); End of the Line/ Congratulations. New Order, Technique (album #5) (Jan. 30) (#32 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. Fine Time (#11 in the U.K.), Round & Round, Vanishing Point, Run. Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Addictions, Vol. 1 (Oct.) (album). Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mother's Milk (album) (Aug. 4); first gold album; first with John Frusciante; incl. Knock Me Down, Higher Ground (Stevie Wonder cover), Fire (Jimi Hendrix cover), Sexy Mexican Maid. Tom Petty (1950-2017), Full Moon Fever (Apr. 24) (album) (solo debut) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. I Won't Back Down (#12 in the U.S.), Runnin' Down A Dream (#23 in the U.S.), Free Fallin' (#7 in the U.S.), and A Face in the Crowd, I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better (old Byrds song written by Gene Clark, who uses the royalties to drink himself to death?). Pixies, Doolittle (Apr. 18) (#8 in the U.K.); incl. Here Comes Your Man, Monkey Gone to Heaven, and Debaser. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Storytelling (album) (July 26); incl. A Journey's End. The Pogues, Peace and Love (album #4) (July); incl. Young Ned of the Hill, Misty Morning, Albert Bridge. Skinny Puppy, Rabies (album #5) (Nov. 21); incl. Worlock, Tin Omen. Faster Pussycat, Wake Me When It's Over (album #2) (Sept. 6) (#48 in the U.S.); first with Quiet Riot drummer Frankie Banali (1951-) after Mark Michals is fired for heroin possession; incl. House of Pain (#28 in the U.S.), Poison Ivy, Slip of the Tongue. Queen, The Miracle (album #13) (May 22); incl. The Miracle, I Want It All, Breakthru, The Invisible Man, Scandal. Bonnie Raitt (1949-), Nick of Time (album #10) (Mar. 21) (#1 in the U.S.); her breakthrough album; sells 5M copies; incl. Nick of Time, Thing Called Love (with John Hiatt). The Ramones, Brain Drain (album #11) (Mar. 23); last with Dee Ramone, and last on Sire Records; incl. Pet Sematary. Lou Reed (1942-), New York (album #15) (Jan. 10); incl. Romeo Had Juliette, Dirty Blvd.. Sacred Reich, Alive at the Dynamo (EP). The Replacements, Don't Tell a Soul (album #6) (Feb.); first with guitarist Bob "Slim" Dunlap; incl. I'll Be You, Achin' to Be. Love and Rockets, Love and Rockets (album #4) (May) (#14 in the U.S.); incl. So Alive (by T.Rex) (#3 in the U.S., #79 in the U.K.), Motorcycle. The Stone Roses, The Stone Roses (album) (debut) (Apr.); from Manchester, England, incl. Ian Brown (vocals), John Squire (guitar) (the new Jimi Hendrix?), Gary "Mani" Mounfield (bass), and Alan "Reni" Wren (drums); voted the best British album of all time, making them the leaders of the Manchester Movement (Britpop); incl. I Am the Resurrection, I Wanna Be Adored, She Bangs the Drums, Made of Stone, Elephant Stone, Waterfall. Skid Row, Skid Row (album) (debut) (#6 in the U.S.) (5M copies in the U.S.); from Toms River, N.J., incl. Sebastian Bach (Sebastian Philip Bierk) (1968-) (vocals), Dave Michael "The Snake" Sabo (1964-) (guitar), Rachel Bolan (bass) (1966-), and Robert James "Rob" Affuso (1963-) (drums); incl. 18 and Life, I Remember You, Youth Gone Wild. Rush, A Show of Hands (album) (Jan. 9); Presto (album #13) (Nov. 21); incl. Show Don't Tell, The Pass, Superconductor. Black Sabbath, Headless Cross (album #14) (Apr. 24); incl. Headless Cross. New Riders of the Purple Sage, Keep On Keepin' On (album #12). Joe Satriani (1956-), Flying in a Blue Dream (album #3) (Oct. 30); incl. Flying in A Blue Dream, The Crush of Love. William Howard Schuman (1910-92), A Question of Taste (opera); based on a short story by Roald Dahl. Primal Scream, Primal Scream (album #2) (Sept. 4). Pete Seeger (1919-2014), Sings Traditional Christmas Carols (album). Selena (1971-95), Selena (album #8) (Oct. 17); first with EMI; incl. Sukiyaki, Contigo Quiero Estar, My Love. Michelle Shocked (1962-), Captain Swing (album); incl. On the Greener Side. The Smithereens, 11 (album #3) (Oct. 18); named for the film "Ocean's Eleven" and the quote "This one goes to 11" by Christopher Guest (Nigel Tufnel) in the 1984 film "This is Spinal Tap"; incl. A Girl Like You. Soundgarden, Louder Than Love (album #2) (Sept. 5) (#108 in the U.S.); incl. Loud Love, Hands All Over. Toad the Wet Sprocket, Bread & Circus (album) (debut) (July 26); named after the Eric Idle monologue "Rock Notes"; from Santa Barbara, Calif., incl. Glen Phillips (1970-) (vocals), Todd Nichols (guitar), Dean Dinning (bass), and Randy Guss (drums); incl. Way Away, One Little Girl. Status Quo, Perfect Remedy (album #19) (Nov.); incl. Perfect Remedy. Al Stewart (1945-), 24 Carrots (album #9) (Sept.); incl. Midnight Rocks. Rod Stewart (1945-) and Ronald Isley (1941-), This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You) (#1 in the U.S.); The Best of Rod Stewart II (album); 1st in 1976; Storyteller: The Complete Anthology, 1964-1990 (4-disc 64-track album) (Nov.). The Rolling Stones, Steel Wheels (album #21) (Aug. 29); last with Bill Wyman; incl. Mixed Emotions, Rock and a Hard Place, Almost Hear You Sigh, Slipping Away. Stratovarius, Fright Night (album) (debut) (May); original name Black Water; from Finland, incl. Tuomo Lassila, Staffan Strahlman/Timo Tolkki, and John Viherva; incl. Future Shock, Black Night. The Sugarcubes, Here Today, Tomorrow Next Week! (album #2) (Oct.); title from "The Wind in the Willows" by Kenneth Grahame. Donna Summer (1948-2012), Another Time and Place (album #14) (Apr. 24); This Time I Knew It's for Real. Swans, Can't Find My Way Home (album #9); incl. Can't Find My Way Home; Saved (album #10); incl. Saved; The Burning World (album #11); incl. Can't Find My Way Home. Suicidal Tendencies, Controlled by Hatred/Feel Like Shit... Deja Vu (album) (Oct. 17). Testament, Practice What You Preach (album #3) (Aug. 8); incl. Practice What You Preach, The Ballad. Therion, Paroxysmal Holocaust (album) (debut) (Apr.); Gr. "therion" = beast; from Sweden, incl. Christofer Johnsson (1972-); Beyond the Darkest Veils of Inner Wicknedness (album #2) (Nov.). Babes in Toyland, Spanking Machine (album) (debut); from Minneapolis, Minn., incl. Katherine "Kat" Bjelland (1963-) (vocals, guitar), Lori Barbero (1961-) (drums), Michelle Leon/ Maureen Herman (1966-) (bass); the kinderwhore look?; incl. Dust Cake Boy; House. Travis Tritt (1963-), Country Club (debut) (#9 country). Jethro Tull, Rock Island (album #18) (Aug. 21). Tina Turner (1939-), Foreign Affair (album) (Sept. 13) (#31 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (6M copies); incl. Foreign Affair, The Best (#5 in the U.K.), Steamy Windows (#13 in the U.K.), I Don't Wanna Lose You (#8 in the U.K.), Look Me in the Heart (#31 in the U.K.), Be Tender With Me Baby (#28 in the U.K.). Thompson Twins, Big Trash (album #7) (Sept. 26); another flop; incl. Sugar Daddy (with Deborah Harry). Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), New Year (opera) (Houston Grand Opera) (Oct. 27). Underworld, Change the Weather (album #2) (Dec. 1); incl. Stand Up. Vangelis (1943-), Themes (album). Stevie Ray Vaughan (1954-90) and Double Trouble, In Step (album #4) (last album) (June 6) (#33 in the U.S.); incl. Crossfire (#1 in the U.S.). Milli Vanilli, Girl You Know It's True (album #2) (Mar. 7); incl. Girl You Know It's True, Blame It On the Rain. Wall of Voodoo, The Ugly Americans in Australia (album); recorded in 1988. Warrant, Dirty Rotten Filthy Stinking Rich (album) (debut) (Jan. 31) (#10 in the U.S.); from Hollywood, Calif., incl. Jani Lane (John Kennedy Oswald) (1964-) (vocals), Joey Allen (guitar), Erik Turner (guitar), Jerry Dixon (bass), and Steven "Sweet" Chamberlain (drums); incl. Heaven (#2 in the U.S.), Down Boys (#27 in the U.S.), Sometimes She Cries (#20 in the U.S.). Katrina and the Waves, Break of Hearts (album #5) (#122 in the U.S.); incl. That's the Way (#16 in the U.S.), Rock 'n' Roll Girl. Great White, ...Twice Shy (album #4) (Apr. 12) (#9 in the U.S.); incl. Once Bitten, Twice Shy (#5 in the U.S.), The Angel Song (#30 in the U.S.), Mista Bone (#27 in the U.S.), House of Broken Love (#83 in the U.S.). Whitesnake, Slip of the Tongue (album #9); sells 1M copies; incl. The Deeper the Love, Fool for Your Loving, Now You're Gone. Keith Whitley (1954-89), I Wonder Do You Think of Me (album #3) (posth.) (#2 country); incl. I Wonder Do You Think of Me (#1 country), It Ain't Nothin' (#1 country), I'm Over You ("You heard I'm drinking more than I should/ And I ain't been looking all that good/ Someone told you I was taking it rough"/ Why they making them stories up?/ When I'm over you?"). XTC, Oranges & Lemons (album #10) (Feb. 27); incl. The Mayor of Simpleton (#46 in the U.K.), King for A Day, The Loving (#44 in the U.S., #28 in the U.K.). Frank Zappa (1940-93), You Can't Do That On Stage Anymore, Vol. 3 (album) (Nov. 13). White Zombie, Make Them Die Slowly (album #2) (Mar. 22); named after the 1981 film "Cannibal Ferox"; incl. Murderworld; God of Thunder (EP) (Oct.); incl. God of Thunder. Movies: Tim Burton's Batman (June 23) stars Michael Keaton as Batman and Jack Nicholson as the Joker in a blockbuster that marks the start of the big budget comic book movie era. Stephen Herek's Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (Feb. 17) (Interscope Communiations) (Orion Pictures) stars Keanu Reeves and Alex Winter as S Calif. teenage slackers Ted Logan and Bill S. Preston, Esq., who travel through time to avoid flunking history, meeting Napoleon (Terry Camilleri), Billy the Kid (Dan Shor), Socrates (Tony Steedman), Sigmund Freud (Rod Loomis), Genghis Khan (Al Leong), Joan of Arc (Jane Wiedlin), Abraham Lincoln (Robert V. Barron), and Ludwig van Beethoven (Clifford David); soundtrack features tracks by Extreme, Tora Tora, Shark Island, and Big Pig; does $40.5M box office on a $10M budget; followed by "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" (1991). Shohei Imamura's Black Rain (May 13), based on the novel by Ibuse Masuji is about the horrible effects of the Aug. 6, 1945 Hiroshima A-bomb. Ron Shelton's Blaze (Dec. 13) stars Shelton's wife Lolita Davidovich as stripper Blaze Starr (1932-), lover of La. gov. Earl K. Long (Paul Newman), who gets him into political trouble. Howard Brookner's Bloodhounds of Broadway, based on four Damon Runyon short stories stars Matt Dillon, Jennifer Grey, Rutger Hauer, and Madonna; food poisoning of the cast from mayonnaise in tuna salad costs the insurers $50K; Brooker's feature-length film dir. debut; too bad, he dies before the film opens. Oliver Stone's Born on the Fourth of July (Dec. 20), based on his 1976 autobio. stars Tom Cruise as Ron Kovic, who goes from a gung-ho Vietnam War recruit to a paraplegic anti-war protester pissed-off about losing his dream girl Kyra Sedgwick to Kevin Bacon; "A story of innocence lost and courage found." Robert Ellis Miller's Brenda Starr (May 15), based on the stories by Noreen Stone and James D. Buchanan stars Brooke Shields. Brian De Palma's Casualties of War (Aug. 18), based on an actual incident on Vietnamese Hill 192 in 1966 stars Michael J. Fox as Pvt. Max Eriksson and Sean Penn as Sgt. Tony Meserve in a tear-jerker about the Vietnam War, accompanied by Samuel Barber's "Adagio for Strings"; brings in $18.6M on a $22.5M budget. Philippe Mora's Communion (Nov. 10), based on the 1987 alien abduction book by Whitley Strieber stars Christopher Walken as Strieber, and Lindsay Crouse as his wife Anne; does a paltry $1.92M box office. Peter Greenaway's The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (Sept. 11) (Miramax Films), about the upscale gangster-run Le Hollandais Restaurant in England stars Richard Bohringer as the Cook, Michael Gambon as the Thief, Helen Mirren as the Wife, and Alan Howard as the Lover, shocking audiences with violence, nudity, bathroom humor, and cannibalism; does $7.7M box office on a ? budget. Rospo Pallenberg's Cutting Class (July ?) stars Donovan Leitch Jr. (son of Scottish singer Donovan) as problem teen Brian Woods, who gets out of a mental hospital and falls in love with h.s. classmate Paula Carson (Jill Schoelen), babe of Dwight Ingalls (Brad Pitt), after which a string of murders begins; the first major film role for Shawnee, Okla.-born William Bradford "Brad" Pitt (1963-). Albert Pyun's Cyborg (009) (Apr. 7) stars Jean-Claude Van Damme as mercenary Gibson Rickenbacker in the post-apocalyptic U.S.; does $10M box office on a $500K budget. Gary David Goldberg's Dad (Oct. 27), based on the 1981 William Wharton novel stars Jack Lemmon as Jake Tremont, and Ted Danson as his son Jake, who has to take care of him when momma Bette has a stroke. Peter Weir's Dead Poets Society (June 9) stars Robin Williams as 1950s prep school English teacher John Keating, who carps daily to the boys in an extraordinarily lively way, "Carpe Diem, boys, make your life extraordinary." Bruce Bereford's Driving Miss Daisy (Jan. 26), based on the 1987 Alfred Uhry play stars Jessica Tandy as old Ga. Jewish woman Daisy Werthan, and Morgan Freeman as her black chaffeur Hoke Colburn. Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing (June 14) stars Lee and Danny Aiello in a comedy about racial tensions in a white-owned pizzeria in Brooklyn's Bed-Stuy section in the hot summer; the feature film debut of Martin Fitzgerald Lawrence (1965) and Rosa Maria "Rosie" Perez (1964-); Barack Obama takes Michelle to see it on their first date; in Aug. 2015 Stuyvesant Ave. between Lexington Ave. and Quincy St. in Bedford-Stuy is official renamed Do the Right Thing Way. Julien Temple's Earth Girls Are Easy (May 12) stars Geena Davis as Valley Girl Valerie, who gives a trio of hairy ETs (Jeff Goldblum, et al.) a makeover; "You're an alien and I'm from the valley"? Phil Alden Robinson's Field of Dreams (Apr. 21) (Universal Pictures), based on W.P. Kinsella 1982 novel "Shoeless Joe" stars Kevin Costner and Amy Madigan as Iowa corn farmers Ray and Annie Kinsella, who go lala and build a baseball diamond in their corn field to attract the ghost of Shoeless Joe (Ray Liotta) and his 1919 Black Sox team, while black 60s hippy reject Terence Mann (James Earl Jones) (who coined the phrase "Make love not war", not) helps them find true redemption through baseball; Burt Lancaster plays Dr. Archibald "Moonlight" Graham; a lot of politicians' favorite movie?; does $84.4M box office on a $15M budget. Ray Marshall's The Fifteen Streets, based on the Catherine Cookson novel is a TV movie for ITV in Britain starring Sean Bean and Jane Horrocks; after it becomes a big hit, 17 more of her novels are televised by 2001, all about NE England. Edward Zwick's Glory (Dec. 14) (TriStar Pictures), based on the book by Lincoln Kirstein and letters by U.S. Civil War Union Col. Robert Gould Shaw, cmdr. of the first all-black Union army co. stars Matthew Broderick as Shaw, Denzel Washington as Pvt. Trip, and Morgan Freeman as Sgt. Maj. John Rawlins; launches the dir. career of Edward Zwick (1952-), who becomes known for action flicks with a cerebral dimension; does $27M box office on an $18M budget. Nick Park's A Grand Day Out with Wallace and Gromit (animated) debuts eccentric inventor Wallace and his quiet smart dog Gromit. Eric Holmberg's Hells Bells: The Dangers of Rock 'N' Roll (Aug. 1); a Christian documentary equating rock and roll with Satanism - bang your heads Alice Cooper, go to Hell? Kenneth Branagh's Henry V (Oct. 6) (BBC Films) (Samuel Goldwyn Co.), based on the Shakespeare play "Henry V Pt. 1" stars Belfast, Northern Ireland-born Kenneth Charles Branagh (1960-) as Henry V, Robbie Coltrane as Sir John Falstaff, Emma Thompson as Katharine, and Derek Jacobi as Chorus; does $10.2M box office on a $9M budget; "The great adventure of a king who defied the odds to prove himself a man." Joe Johnston's Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (June 23) (Walt Disney) stars Rick Moranis as inventor Wayne Szalinski, who accidentally shrinks his kids to 1/4 in. tall and sends them out into the backyard with the trash; Johnston's dir. debut; does $222.7M box office on an $18M budget; spawns the sequels "Honey, I Blew Up the Kid" (1992), "Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves" (1997). Norman Jewison's In Country (Sept.29;), based on the 1985 novel by Bobbie Ann Mason stars Bruce Willis as weed-puffing (14x a day) Vietnam vet Emmett Smith of Hopewell, Ky., and Emily Loyd as his 17-y.-o. niece Samantha Hughes, who tries to find out about her daddy Dwayne, who was killed in Vietnam while she was in the womb. Uli Edel's The Last Exit to Brooklyn (Oct. 12), based on the 1964 novel by Hubert Selby Jr. about lowlife 1950s Brooklyn stars Stephen Lang as Harry Black, a union strike leader who discovers he's gay, Jennifer Jason Leigh as ho Tralala, who falls in love with a client, and Burt Young as Big Joe, whose daughter gets knocked up out of wedlock. John Glen's Licence to Kill (June 13) (Eon Productions) (MGM/UA) (United Internat. Pictures) (James Bond 007 Film #16) (first not to use the title of an Ian Fleming story) (last dir. by Glen) (first shot completely outside the U.K.) stars Timothy Dalton as a dark violent James Bond, who goes on a vendetta against the man who maimed his friend and killed his friend's wife on their wedding night, David Hedison as Felix Leiter, Carey Lowell as Pam Bouvier, Robert Davi as bad guy Latin Am. drug lord Franz Sanchez, Talisa Soto as his moll Lupe Lamore, Anthony Zerbe as his henchman Milton Krest, Wayne Newton as Sanchez's middleman Prof. Joe Butcher, Benicio del Toro as Sanchez's henchman Dario, and Everett McGill as corrupt DEA official Ed Killifer; "Don't you want to know what?; does $156M box office on a $32M budget; the Licence to Kill Theme is sung by Gladys Knight. Walt Disney's The Little Mermaid (Nov. 17), based on the 1837 Hans Christian Andersen tale about trading your voice for legs features Sebastian the Crab stealing the show with his number Under the Sea; does $235M box office on a $40M budget; the title char. is really Mary Magdalene AKA the Sacred Feminine? David S. Ward's Major League (Apr. 7) (Paramount Pictures) is a comedy about the new owner of the Cleveland Indians Rachel Phelps (Margaret Whitton) fielding a purposely lousy team in order to invite a move, after which they figure it out and start winning to spite her; stars Tom Berenger, Charlie Sheen, Corbin Bernsen, Wesley Snipes, and Rene Russo; made for $11M, it grosses $50M in domestic release; "Major League II" (1994) is the sequel; "You guys stink!" Steve De Jarnatt's Miracle Mile stars Anthony Edwards as LA trombone player Harry, who answers a pay phone and finds out that the missiles have been launched and he has an hour left, all to music by Tangerine Dream; also features Mare Winningham, Mykel T. Williamson, Denise Crosby, and O-Lan Jones. Thoms Schlamme's Miss Firecracker (Apr. 28), based on the 1984 Beth Henley play "The Miss Firecracker Contest" stars 5'2" in. Holly Hunter as beauty contestant Carnelle Scott; brings in $1.8M on a $4M budget. Jim Sheridan's My Left Foot (Feb. 24) (Granada Films) (Miramax Films) stars Daniel Day-Lewis as cerebral palsy sufferer Christy Brown, who learns how to use his you know what to paint with; Fina Shaw plays Dr. Eileen Cole, and Ruth McCabe plays nurse Mary Carr; does $14.7M box office on a Ł600K budget. Jeremiah S. Chechik's National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (Dec. 1) (Warner Bros.) (#3 in the National Lampoon's Vacation film series), a comedy written by John Hughes based on his 1980 short story "Christmas '59", starring Chevy Chase as Clark W. "Sparky" Griswold Jr., who covers his house with 25K twinkle lights, Beverly D'Angelo as his wife Ellen, Juliette Lewis as their daughter Audrey, Johnny Galecki as their son Russ, and John Randolph and Diane Ladd as parents Clark W. Griswold Sr. and Nora Griswold; Brian Doyle-Murray plays miser boss Frank Shirley; William Hickey plays Uncle Lewis; Randy Quaid and Miriam Flynn play deadbeat cousins Eddie and Catherine Johnson; does $71.3M box office on a $25M budget; Luis Puenzo's Old Gringo (Oct. 6 (Columbia Pictures)), based on the 1985 novel by Carlos Fuentes stars Gregory Peck as Ambrose Bierce, Jane Fonda as Am. spinster Harriet Winslow, and Jimmy Smits as Pancho Villa's gen. Tomas Arroyo in the 1910 Mexican Rev.; after it is booed in Cannes and Jane Fonda receives a Razzie nominaton for worst actress, it flops, doing $3.5M box office on a $27M budget. Andrew Davis' The Package (Aug. 25) stars Gene Hackman as U.S. Sgt. Johnny Gallagher, who races to stop assassin Thomas Boyette (Tommy Lee Jones) from assassinating Mikhail Gorbachev before he can sign an arms control treaty with the U.S.; too bad, the climax is lamely done and ruins a good flick? Ron Howard's Parenthood (Aug. 2) (Universal Pictures) stars Steve Martin, Tom Hulce, Rick Moranis, Martha Plimpton, Joaquin Phoenix, Keanu Reeves, Jason Robards, Mary Steenburgen, and Dianne Wiest; does $126M box office on a $31M budget. Bob Balaban's Parents (Jan. 27), about 1950s Cleaver-type parents (Randy Quaid, Mary Beth Hurt) into eating peop before the mad cow era is Balaban's dir. debut, and features a score by "Twin Peaks" and "Blue Velvet" composer Badalamenti - bad alamenti, Balaban? Mary Lambert's Pet Sematary (Apr. 21) (Paramount Pictures), based on the 1983 Stephen King novel stars Dale Midkiff as Louis Creed, who moves with his family from Chicago to Ludlow, Maine to take a job as a physician at the U. of Maine, and befriend their elderly neighbor Jud Crandall (Fred Gwynne), who introduces them to a pet cemetery behind their new home, which has a barrier beyond which the ground is "sour", causing anybody buried there to turn into a zombie; Denise Crosby plays Louis' wife Rachel Goldman-Creed; does $57.5M box office on a $11.5M budget; followed by "Pet Sematary Two" (1992); refilmed in 2019 starring Jason Clarke and John Lithgow. Jonathan Weeks' Powwow Highway (Feb. 24), based on a novel by David Seals stars A. Martinez as Northern Cheyenne dude Brady Red Bow of poverty-stricken Lame Deer, Mont., who goes on a spiritual journey with Philbert Bono (Gary Farmer) in his seedy 1964 Buick Wildcat named the Protector; features up-and-coming actors Wes Studi and Graham Greene. David Schmoeller's Puppet Master (Oct. 12) (Full Moon Features) (Paramount Pictures) stars William Hickey as puppeteer Andre Toulon, Paul Le Mat as psychic Alex Whitaker, Irene Miracle as psychic Dana Hadley, and Jimmie F. Skaggs as Neil Gallagher, along with sinister homicidal puppets Blade, Gengie, Jester, Leech Woman, Pinhead, Shredder Khan, and Tunneler, who are animated by an Egyptian spell; becomes a cult hit, spawning 12 sequels. Joey Wang's The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus is a highly erotic Chinese flick staring Joi Wong (that's real Chinese?) as a wife of a wealthy Hong Kong man who has flashbacks revealing her to be ancient Chinese courtesan guess who what's next? Michael Moore's Roger & Me (Dec. 20) is a vanity documentary about the fruitless attempts of filmmaker Michael Moore (1954-) of Mich. to interview Gen. Motors CEO (1981-90) Roger Bonham Smith (1925-2007); actually, the interview happened, but he left it out to make the film sell?; he got the money to make the film from a $58K out-of-court settlement with Mother Jones after he became the ed. fo 4 mo. and refused to print an article by Paul Berman (1948-) criticizing the human rights record of the Sandanistas. John Duigan's Romero (Aug. 25) stars Raul Julia as assassinated Salvadoran archbishop Oscar Romero, and Richard Jordan as martyred priest Rutilio Grande; the first feature film from Paulist Pictures. Cameron Crowe's Say Anything stars John Cusack, who goes after h.s. queen Diane (Ione Sky), whose father John Mahoney tries to block it. Michael Caton-Jones' Scandal (Mar. 3), about the 1963 Profumo Affair stars Joanne Whalley as Christine Keeler, and John Hurt as Stephen Ward; the dir. debut of Scottish-born Michael Caton-Jones (1957-). Steven Soderbergh's Sex, Lies, and Videotape (Aug. 18) (Outlaw Productions) (Miramax Films) stars Peter Gallagher (after Tim Daly drops out) as Baton Rouge, La. atty. John Mullany, Andie MacDowell (after Elizabeth McGovern's agent turns it down) as his frigid wife Ann Bishop Mullany, James Spader as impotent drifter Graham Dalton, who likes to videotape women telling about their sex fantasies, and Laura San Giacomo as Ann's nympho bartender sister Cynthia Patrice Bishop, who is having an affair with John, causing him to neglect his clients; does $36.7M box office on a $1.2M budget; the debut of Atlanta, Ga.-born dir. Steven Andrew Soderbergh (1963-), who helps found the Independent Cinema Movement. John David Coles' Signs of Life (May 5) stars Beau Bridges, Vincent D'Onofrio, and Arthur Kennedy (last major film appearance); the Black Crowes take their name from a divination rhyme in it. Tobe Hooper's Spontaneous Combustion (Feb. 23) stars creepy Brad Dourif as a man with the power to cause people to burn, becoming a mini-cult classic. Wiliam Shatner's Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (June 9) features a disappointing plot featuring rock climbing, and a ludicrous ending where the USS Enterprises reaches Michelangelo's Jehovah (played by George Murdock) at the edge of the galaxy, with Kirk uttering the soundbyte: "What does God need with a starship?" before blasting him; features Laurence Luckinbill as Vulcan religious messiah Sybok. Herbert Ross' Steel Magnolias (Nov. 15) (Tri-Star Pictures), based on a 1987 tear-jerker play by Robert Harling (1951-) (who wrote it after his younger sister died) centers around Truvy's Beauty Parlor in NW La., run by Truvy Jones (Dolly Parton), and its customers, incl. Louisa "Ouiser" Boudreaux (Shirley MacLaine), M'Lynn Eatenton (Sally Field), Annelle Dupuy Desoto (Daryl Hannah), Clairee Belcher (Olympia Dukakis), and Shelby Eatenton Latcherie (Julia Roberts) (M'Lynn's daughter); Roberts got the part after Meg Ryan passed it for "When Harry Met Sally"; grosses $96.8M worldwide on a $15M budget. Mel Smith's The Tall Guy (June 23) (Virgin Vision) (Miramax Films) is a British romantic comedy starring Jeff Goldblum as Am. actor Dexter King, who lives platonically with his nymphomaniac landlady Geraldine James in Camden Town, London, and falls for nurse Kate (Emma Thompson), who jilts him when he hooks up with married actress Kim Thomson; the feature film debut of Kiwi-born British screenwriter Richard Whalley Anthony Curtis (1956-), who goes on to become Britain's top comedy screenwriters, incl. "Four Weddings and a Funeral" (1994), "Notting Hill" (1999), "Mr Bean" (1990), and "Bridget Jones's Diary" (2001). John Hughes' Uncle Buck (Aug. 16) (Universal) stars John Candy as ever-unemployed bachelor slob Buck Russell, who babysits his brother's children Tia (Jean Louisa Kelly), Maizy (Gaby Hoffmann), and Miles (Macaulay Culkin), while juggling his car repair owner girlfriend Chanice Kobolowski (Amy Madigan); does $79M box office on a $15M budget - one of TLW's favorite movies, why? Rob Reiner's When Harry Met Sally (July 21), written by Nora Ephron stars William Edward "Billy" Crystal (1948-) as Harry Burns, and Meg Ryan (Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra) (1961-) as Sally Albright, New York City friends who take 12 years to turn into lovers and 3 more mo. to get married; theme song is "It Had to Be You" by Isham Jones (1924); New York Giants fan Harry reads the last page of a novel first; a big hit with white Baby Boomer women for its scene where Ryan fakes an orgasm in a restaurant, after which Rob Reiner's mom utters the soundbyte "I'll have what she's having"; "Men and women can never be friends because the sex part gets in the way" (Harry). Plays: Howard Brenton (1942-) and Tariq Ali (1943-), H.I.D. (Hess is Dead) (Almeida Theatre); Iranian Nights (Royal Court Theatre, London). David Caute (1936-), Veronica; or, The Two Nations. Cy Coleman (1929-2004), David Zippel and Larry Gelbart, City of Angels (musical comedy) (Dec. 11) (Virginia Theater, New York). William Douglas-Home (1912-92), A Christmas Truce (last play). Roddy Doyle (1958-), War. Dario Fo (1926-), The Pope and the Witch. Horton Foote (1916-), The Death of Papa; Dividing the Estate. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), And What of the Night? (Stiemke Theatre, Milwaukee) (Mar. 4). Michael Frayn (1933-), First and Last. David French (1939-), 1949 (Taragon Theater, Toronto); Mercer play #4. Peter Handke (1942-), Voyage to the Sonorous Land or the Art of Asking. Tina Howe (1937-), Approaching Zanzibar. Alan Janes (1951-), Buddy: The Buddy Holly Story (musical) (Victoria Palace Theatre, West End, London) (Oct. 12) (5,822 perf.); the music of Buddy Holly; first "jukebox musical". Adrienne Kennedy (1931-), She Talks to Beethoven. Tony Kushner (1956-), In That Day (Lives of the Prophets). Frank McGuinness (1953-), Mary and Lizzie. Marsha Norman (1947-), The Pool Hall. Claude-Michel Schonberg (1944-), Alain Boublil (1941-), and Richard Maltby Jr. (1937-), Miss Saigon (musical) (Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London) (Sept. 20) (Broadway Theatre, New York) (Apr. 11, 1991) (4,092 perf.); basaed on Giacomo Puccini's opera "Madame Butterfly", about a doomed romance between a U.S. G.I. and a Vietnamese bargirl. Martin Sherman (1938-), A Madhouse in Goa. Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), Musica Cercana (The Music Window). Wendy Wasserstein (1950-2006), The Heidi Chronicles (drama) (Pulitzer Prize) (Seattle Repertory Theate, Apr.) (Playwrights Horizons, New York) (Nov. 18) (99 perf.) (Plymouth Theatre, New York) (Mar. 9, 1989) (622 perf.); the career of feminist art historian Heidi Holland, incl. her best friend Peter Petrone (a gay pediatrician), and best friend slash lover Scoop Rosenbaum (a mag. editor); Jerry Seinfeld initially titles his July 1989 NBC-TV series "The Seinfeld Chronicles" in tribute. Michael Weller (1942-), Lake No Bottom. Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), Hugh Martin (1914-), and Ralph Blane (1914-95), Meet Me in St. Louis (musical) (George Gershwin Theater, New York) (Nov. 2) (252 perf.); based on the 1944 film about the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair. Robert Wilson (1941-), Louis Andriessen's De Materie (Amsterdam Opera House) (June 1). Robert Wright (1914-2005), George Forrest (1915-199), Maury Yeston (1945-), and Luther Davis (1916-2008), Grand Hotel (musical) (Martin Beck Theatre, New York) (Nov. 12) (George Gershwin Theatre, New York) (1,017 perf.); based on the 1929 Vicki Baum novel, play, and 1932 film about an elegant hotel in Berlin in 1928 and its eccentric guests incl. Elizaveta Grushinskaya (Liliana Montevecchi/Cyd Charisse/Zina Bethune), Otto Kringelein (Michael Jeter), the Baron (David Carroll), Preysing (Timothy Jerome), Ottenschlg (John Wylie), Erik (Bob Stillman), and Flaemmchen (Jane Krakowsi); choreographed by Tommy Tune; first Am. musical since "Big River" to top 1K Broadway performances. Poetry: Samuel Beckett (1906-89), What is the Word. Edgar Bowers (1924-2000), For Louis Pasteur. Turner Cassity (1929-2009), To the Lost City, or, The Sins of Nineveh. Fred Chappell (1936-), First and Last Words. Robert Coles (1929-), Rumors of Separate Worlds: Poems. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Dreams. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), Yes, Let's: New and Selected Poems. Edward Dorn (1929-99), Abhorrences. Rita Dove (1952-), Grace Notes. Alan Dugan (1923-2003), Poems Six; "Poems 1" was way back in 1961. Barry Gifford (1946-), Ghosts No Horse Can Carry: Collected Poems 1967-1987. Donald Andrew Hall Jr. (1928-), The One Day: A Poem in Three Parts. Joy Harjo (1951-), Secrets from the Center of the World. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), The Theory and Practice of Rivers and New Poems. Robert L. Hass (1941-), Human Wishes. Colleen Corah Hitchcock, Ascenscion; "And if I go/ while you're still here.../ Know that I live on,/ vibrating to a different measure/ - behind a thin veil you cannot see through." Bill Knott (1940-), Outremer; Poems 1963-1988. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), Nurture. Denise Levertov (1923-97), A Door in the Hive. William Matthews (1942-97), Blues if You Want. Lisel Mueller (1924-), Alive Together. Edna O'Brien (1930-), On the Bone. Michael Ondaatje (1943-), The Cinnamon Peeler: Selected Poems. Stanley Plumly (1939-), Boy on the Step. Rene Ricard (1946-2014), God With Revolver: Poems 1979. Michael Ryan (1946-), God Hunger. Peter Dale Scott (1929-), Coming to Jakarta: A Poem About Terror (debut). Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Daddy Says. Charles Simic (1938-), The World Doesn't End: Prose Poems (Pulitzer Prize). Wislawa Szymborska (1923-2012), Poems. Judith Viorst (1931-), Forever Fifty. Margaret Walker (1915-98), This is My Century: New and Collected Poems. Al Young (1939-), Heaven: Collected Poems 1958-1988. Novels: Edward Paul Abbey (1927-89), Hayduke Lives! (last novel). Peter Ackroyd (1949-), First Light. Alice Adams (1926-99), After You've Gone (short stories). Jonathan Ames (1964-), I Pass Like Night (first novel). Martin Amis (1949-), London Fields. Aharon Appelfeld (1932-), The Immortal Bartfuss; Katerina. Isaac Asimov (1920-92), Prelude to Foundation (Mar. 1); the life of Hari Seldon. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), Fellow Passengers: A Novel in Portraits. Paul Benjamin Auster (1947-), Moon Palace. Richard Bach (1936-), One (Oct. 2); "A tiny change today brings us to a dramatically different tomorrow. There are grand rewards for those who pick the high hard roads, but those rewards are hidden by years. Every choice is made in the uncaring blind, no guarantees form the world around us." Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), An Awfully Big Adventure. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), L'Editore. Russell Banks (1940-), Affliction. Clive Barker (1952-), The Great and Secret Show; "Book of the Art" #1. Pat Barker (1943-), The Man Who Wasn't There. Julian Barnes (1946-), A History of the World in 10-1/2 Chapters. Frederick Barthelme (1943-), Natural Selection. Ann Beattie (1947-), Picturing Will. Thomas Berger (1924-), Changing the Past. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), In Der Hohe (On the Mountain). Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), L'Ange de la Solitude (The Angel of Solitude). Robert Bloch (1917-94), Lori; Fear and Trembling (short stories). Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), L'Empire des Livres. T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948-), If the River Was Whiskey (short stories). Anita Brookner (1928-), Lewis Percy. Ivan Bunin (1870-1953), Light Breathing and Other Stories (posth.); written in 1916. James Lee Burke (1936-), Black Cherry Blues; Dave Robicheaux. Herbert Burkholz (1933-2006), Strange Bedfellows; CIA mind reader Ben Slade. Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006), Imago; #3 of the Xenogenesis series. Robert Olen Butler (1945-), The Deuce (Sept.); runaway Vietnamese-Am. teenie Tony Hatcher (Vo Dinh Thanh) in N.J. Pat Cadigan (1953-), Dirty Work: Stories; Deadpan Allie #2. Orson Scott Card (1951-), The Worthing Saga; The Folk of the Fringe. John le Carre (1931-2020), The Russian House; British publisher Bartholomew Scott "Barley" Blair is approached by Katya to have her friend Yakov's ms. pub., revealing Soviet nuclear secrets, causing him to get mixed up with the British secret service's section devoted to spying on the Soviet Union. Raymond Chandler (1888-1959), Poodle Springs (posth.); completed by Robert B. Parker. Barbara Chase-Riboud (1939-), Echo of Lions; the 1841 Amistad case. Alice Childress (1920-94), Those Other People. Tom Clancy (1947-2013), Clear and Present Danger; the Colombian drug cartel messes with the pres. of the U.S., causing him to send in Marines to mess with them, and Jack Ryan ends up in the middle as usual. Mary Higgins Clark (1927-), While My Pretty One Sleeps; The Anastasia Syndrome and Other Stories. Larry Collins (1929-2005), Maze: A Novel; the KGB plots to use a magneto-encephalogram on the U.S. pres. to make him nuke Iran. Robin Cook (1940-), Mutation; Dr. Victor Frank tries to create a genius son by implanting embryos, and creates a Frankenstein. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Black Candle. Stephen Coonts (1946-), The Minotaur; Rear Adm. Jake Grafton #4. Michael Cunningham (1952-), The Home at the End of the World. E.L. Doctorow (1931-), Billy Bathgate; a boy's adventures with a New York City gang. Margaret Drabble (1939-), A Natural Curiosity. Andre Dubus III (1959-), The Cage Keeper and Other Stories. George Alec Effinger (1947-2002), A Fire in the Sun; Marid Audran #2. Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Confession of Joe Cullen; Jewish NYC police Lt. Mel Freedman takes on a Washington-run Central Am. cocaine operation. Sebastian Faulks (1953-), The Girl at the Lion d'Or; Charles Hartmann; first in the French Trilogy, incl. "Birdsong" (1993), "Charlotte Gray" (1998). Thomas Flanagan (1923-2002), The Tenants of Time (Feb.); the Irish Rising of 1867. Ken Follett (1949-), The Pillars of the Earth; the building of a cathedral in fictional 12th cent. Kingsbridge, England during the Anarchy up to the murder of Thomas Becket, chronicling the development of architecture from Romanesque to Gothic; followed by "World Without End" (2007). Margaret Forster (1938-), Have the Men Had Enough?; Grandmother slowly fades away. Frederick Forsyth (1938-), The Negotiator; the son of the U.S. pres. is kidnapped. Michael Frayn (1933-), The Trick of It. Dick Francis (1920-), Bolt; champion jockey Kit Fielding, his wife Danielle, Henri Nanteer, Princess Casilia, and racing steward Maynard Allardeck. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Sand Castles; Van der Valk #13; Not as Far as Velma; Henri Castang #11. Bruce Jay Friedman (1930-), The Current Climate. Neil Gaiman (1960-), The Sandman (Vertigo) (11 vols.) (1989-96); starts as a comic book series pub. by DC Comics about the Lord of Dreams AKA Dream of The Endless (Morpheus, Oneiros), who "learns one must change or die and then makes his decision"; it goes on to become a cult classic, spawning paperbacks and films (ends 1996). Allegra Goodman (1967-), Total Immersion (short stories) (debut). Rebecca Goldstein (1950-), The Late-Summer Passion of a Woman of Mind. Mary Catherine Gordon (1949-), The Other Side; Vincent and Ellen MacNamara. Joe Gores (1931-), Wolf Time. Davis Grubb (1919-80), You Never Believe Me and Other Stories (short stories) (posth.). Peter Handke (1942-), The Afternoon of a Writer. Barry Hannah (1942-), Boomerang. Ron Hansen (1947-), Nebraska (short stories). George V. Higgins (1939-99), The Sins of the Fathers (Jan. 1); Trust (Jan. 1); used car salesman Earle Beale; Wonderful Years, Wonderful Years (Oct. 1); Gene Arbuckle. Oscar Hijuelos (1951-), The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love (Pulitzer Prize); 1950s Cuban immigrant brother-musicians Cesar and Nestro Castillo; first Hispanic to win a Pulitzer Prize for fiction. Tony Hillerman (1925-2008), Talking God. William Humphrey (1924-97), No Resting Place. John Irving (1942-), A Prayer for Owen Meany; based on "The Tin Drum" by Gunther Grass; best friends Owen Meany and John Wheelwright, and Oskar Matzerath in N.H. in the 1950s-60s; Owen hits a foul ball at a little league game which kills John's mother Tabitha Wheelright. Kazuo Ishiguro (1954-), The Remains of the Day; Lord Darlington, his butler Stevens, and his snubbed babe Miss Kenton; filmed in 1993 by James Ivory. John Jakes (1932-), California Gold. P.D. James (1920-), Devices and Desires; Adam Dalgliesh #8. Kaylie Jones (1960-), Quite the Other Way; Clinton Gray studies Russian at the Gorky Inst. in Moscow and uncovers her father's secret life. Ward Just (1935-), Jack Gance. Cynthia Kadohata (1956-), The Floating World (first novel); 12-y.-o. Japanese-Am. girl Olivia and her ever-migrating family. Thomas Keneally (1935-), By the Line; WWII Sydney; Towards Asmara. John Kessel (1950-), Good News from Outer Space. Elias Khoury (1948-), The Journey of Little Gandhi. Maxine Hong Kingston (1940-), Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book. Dean Koontz (1945-), Midnight. Anne Lamott (1954-), All New People. Brad Leithauser (1953-), Hence. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Killshot. Gordon Lish (1934-), Extravaganza: A Joke Book; avant-garde novel inspired by the Jewish-Am. comedy team of Smith and Dale. Penelope Lively (1933-), Passing On. Alison Lurie (1926-), The Truth About Lorin Jones; divorced Polly Alter writes the story of dead artist Lorin Jones while flirting with a group of lezzies. Peter Maas (1929-2001), Father and Son: A Novel. Bill Martin Jr. (1916-2004) and John Archambault, Chicka Chicka Boom Boom; illustrated by Lois Ehlert; bestseller about letters climbing in a coconut tree to a scat beat. Bobbie Ann Mason (1940-), Love Life (short stories). Peter Matthiessen (1927-), On the River Styx and Other Stories. Thomas McGuane (1939-), Keep the Change; Joe Starling returns to his family's Montana ranch. Terry McMillan (1951-), Disappearing Acts; Zora and Franklin. Larry McMurtry (1936-), Some Can Whistle; Danny Deck. James A. Michener (1907-97), Caribbean. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Vacant Places. Susan Minot (1956-), Lust and Other Stories. Mary Morris (1947-), The Waiting Room. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Rumpole and the Age for Retirement. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), American Appetites. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), The Thirteen-Gun Salute; Aubrey-Maturin #13. Kenzaburo Oe (1935-), An Echo of Heaven (Jinsei no Shinseki). Zoe B. Oldenbourg (1916-2002), Deguisements. Cynthia Ozick (1928-), Envy; or, Yiddish in America; laments the disappearance of the Yiddish language and culture. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), Playmates; Spenser #16. Georges Perec (1936-82), 53 Jours; L'Infra-Ordinaire; Voeux (posth.). Ralph Peters (1952-), Red Army. Marge Piercy (1936-), Summer People. V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), A Careless Widow and Other Stories. James Purdy (1914-2009), Garments the Living Wear. Ishmael Reed (1938-), The Terrible Threes; U.S. pres. Jesse Hatch, Rev. Clement Jones, ex-pres. Dean Clift, White House aide Robert Krantz, billionaire toymaker Elder Marse, and Black Peter. Anne Rice (1941-2021), Queen of the Damned. Rafael Sabatini (1875-1950), A Fair Head of Angling Stories (posth.). Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), La Laisse. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), Stolen Blessings; Hollywood sex bomb Marilyn Taylor has her eggs kidnapped; Capital Crimes; Brother Kristos, a Rasputin from Va. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), The History of the Siege of Lisbon (Historia do Cerco de Lisboa). Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), Tu Ne t'Aimes Pas. Mary Lee Settle (1918-2005), Charley Bland. Robert Joseph Shea (1933-94), The Saracen: The Holy War (2 vols.); blond Muslim warrior Daoud ibn Abdullah vs. French Crusader Simon de Gobignon. Anita Shreve (1946-), Eden Close. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), The Open Door. Dan Simmons (1948-), Carrion Comfort; Saul Laski vs. Nazi mind vampire von Borchert; Phases of Gravity; ex-astronaut Richard Baedecker meets a mysterious woman; Hyperion; based on the Canterbury Tales and the Decameron; set in the 28th cent., where the Hegemony enjoys Farcasters that permit instantaneous travel, while the TechnoCore is run by millions of AIs, and the interstellar barbarian Ousters nip at the edges; meanwhile on the remote colony world Hyperion, the Time Tombs and the Shrike and its cult the Church of the Final Atonement cause problems; first in the Hyperion Cantos (1989-97). Claude Simon (1913-2005), L'Acacia (The Acacia). John Thomas Sladek (1937-2000), Bugs. Jane Smiley (1949-), Ordinary Love and Good Will. Martin Cruz Smith (1942-), Polar Star; Arkady Renko #2. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Misterioso; #3 in the Pack of Lies Trilogy. Christopher Stasheff (1944-), The Warlock Insane; Warlock of Gramarye #9 - if only he had aimed his novels at kids? Danielle Steel (1947-), Star; Daddy; #1 bestseller about Oliver Watson, whose wife strands him to go to grad school. David Storey (1933-), The March on Russia. Amy Tan (1952-), The Joy Luck Club (first novel); NYT bestseller about four Chinese-Am. immigrant families, incl. mothers Suyuan Woo, An-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, Ying-Ying "Betty" St. Clair, daughters Jing-mei "June" Woo (who takes the place of her deceased mother Suyuan in the weekly 4-person Mah-Johngg games), Rose Hsu Jordan, Waverly Jong, Lena St. Clair; filmed in 1993. Jim Thompson (1906-77), The Rip-Off (posth.); written in 1957; Luane Devore, Britt Rainstar, Manuela Aloe. Rose Tremain (1943-), Restoration: A Novel of Seventeenth-Century England; royal veterinarian and unofficial royal fool Robert Merivel, husband to the king's mistress; filmed in 1996. Thomas Tryon (1926-91), The Night of the Moonbow; 13-y.-o. orphan Leo Joaquim at Camp Friend, Conn. in the summer of 1938 experiences parallels to Nazi Germany. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Guest of Honor; U.S. pres. Matt Underwood hooks up with Noy Sang, wife of assassinated Lampang pres. Prem Sang. Fay Weldon (1931-), The Cloning of Joanna May; 60-y.-o. woman discovers that her hubby cloned her a total of 4x over 30 years. Paul West (1930-), Lord Byron's Doctor. William Wharton (1925-2008), Franky Furbo; a magical fox rescues dying GI William Wiley and his German captor Wilhelm Klug in WWII. John Edgar Wideman (1941-), Fever (short stories); "a meditation on history". Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), The Beginning (posth.); vol. 1 of "People of the Black Mountains". Robert Anton Wilson (ed.), Semiotext(e) SF (short stories). Births: Am. anti-abortion activist David Robert Daleiden on Jan. 1 in Santa Clara County, Calif.; educated at Clarement McKenna College. Am. "Home Alone 3" actor Alexander David "Alex D." Linz on Jan. 3 in Santa Barbara, Calif. Am. political martyr (Jewish) Seth Conrad Rich (d. 2016) on Jan. 3 in Omaha, Neb. Am. auto racer Graham Rahal on Jan. 4 in Columbus, Ohio; son of Bobby Rahan (1953-). Am. 6'10" basketball forward (black) (Miami Heat #8, 2008-10, 2013-14, 2015) (Minn. Timberwolves #8, 2010-12) (Houston Rockets #8, 2016-) Michael Paul Beasley Jr. on Jan. 9 in Cherverly Md.; educated at Kan. State U. Am. 6'2" football LB (black) (New York Jets, 2012-15) (New Or leans Saints #56, 2018-) Demario Davis on Jan. 11 in Collins, Miss.; educated at Ark. State U. Dominican 6'3" ML baseball 1B player (St. Louis Cardinals #5, 2001-) Jose Alberto (Albert) Pujols Alcantara on Jan. 16 in Santo Domingo. Am. "Rose Tico in Star Wars: The Last Jedi" actress Kelly Marie Tran on Jan. 17 in San Diego, Calif.; Vietnamese immigrant parents; educated at UCLA. Am. 6'6" football QB (Philadelphia Eagles #9, 202-14, 2017-) Nicholas Edward "Nick" Foles on Jan. 20 in Austin, Tex.; educated at U. of Ariz. Am. Olympic figure skater (Jewish) Emily Anne Hughes on Jan. 26 in Great Neck, N.Y.; Canadian-Irish father, Jewish-Am. mother; sister of Sarah Hughes (1985-). Am. football player (black) (Detroit Lions #44, 2010-) Jahvid Andre Best on Jan. 30 in Vallejo, Calif.; educated at the U. of Calif. Am. "Peter Pan" actor Jeremy Robert Myron Sumpter on Feb. 5 in Monterey, Calif. Am. "Pocahontas" actress Q'Orianka Waira Qoiana Kilcher on Feb. 11 in Schweigmatt, Germany; Peruvian father, Swiss mother; cousin of Jewel Kilcher (1974-). Am. "Wanda Maximoff/Scarlet Witch" actress Elizabeth Chase Olsen on Feb. 16 in Sherman Oaks, Calif.; sister of Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Am. musician Trace Dempsey Cyrus (Neil Timothy Henson) on Feb. 24 in Ashland, Ky.; son of Billy Ray Cyrus (1961-); brother of Miley Cyrus (1992-) and Noah Cyrus (2000-). Chinese actress Angelababy (Yang Ying) on Feb. 28 in Shanghai. Am. "Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars I: The Phantom Menace" actor Jacob Christopher "Jake" Lloyd on Mar. 5 in Fort Collins, Colo. Am. "Pavel Chekov in Star Trek", "Kyle Reese in Terminator Salvation" actor (Jewish) Anton Viktorovich Yelchin (d. 2016) on Mar. 11 in Leningrad, Russia; emigrates to the U.S. in Sept 1989. English TV journalist-model Peaches Honeyblossom Geldof (d. 2014) on Mar. 13 in London; 2nd daughter of Bob Geldof and Paula Yates; granddaughter of Hughie Green; sister of Fifi Geldof and Pixie Geldof; educated at Queen's College, London. English "Viking in Cold Pursuit" actor Thomas Jonathan "Tom" Bateman on Mar. 15 in Oxford; 12 siblings incl. twin brother Merlin. Am. "Rebecca Calloway in Commander in Chief" actress Caitlin Elizabeth Wachs (pr. like wax) on Mar. 15 in Eugene, Ore. Am. 6'10" basketball player (black) (Los Angeles Clipper #32, 2009-) Blake Austin Griffin on Mar. 16 in Oklahoma City, Okla.; Afro-Haitian descent father, white mother; educated at the U. of Okla. Am. 6'5" football defensive end (Houston Texans #99, 2011-) Justin James "J.J." Watt on Mar. 22 in Waukesha, Wisc.; educated at the U. of Wisc. Am. actress-singer-songwriter Alyson Renae "Aly" Michalka (Aly & AJ) on Mar. 25 in Torrance, Calif.; sister of Amanda Michalka (1991-). Am. 6'3" football linebacker (black) (Denver Broncos #58, 2011-) Vonnie B'Vsean "Von" Miller on Mar. 26 in DeSoto, Tex.; educated at Texas A&M U.; drafted #2 in the 2011 NFL draft after #1 Cam Newton. Am. pitcher (New York Mets #33, 2012-) Matthew Edward "Matt" "the Dark Knight" Harvey on Mar. 27 in New London, Conn. English "Cinderella", "Debora in Baby Driver" actress Lily James (Lily Chloe Ninette Thomson) on Apr. 5 in Esher, Surrey. Am. actress "Hannah Rayburn in State of Grace" Alia Martine Shawkat on Apr. 18 in Riverside, Calif. Am. Miss America 2014 (first Indian-Am.) Nina Davuluri on Apr. 20 in Syracuse, N.Y.; educated at the U. of Mich. Australian "David Mason in The November Man" actor Luke Bracey on Apr. 26 in Sydney. Am. "Andrea in Breaking Bad" actress (Jehovah's Witness) Emily Rios on Apr. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif.; of Mexican descent. Am. "Same Love" singer (lesbian) Mary Lambert on May 3 in Seattle, Wash. Irish 5'9" golfer Rory McIlroy on May 4 in Holywood, County Down. Am. "Run It!" R&B singer (black) Christopher Maurice "Chris" Brown on May 5 in Tappahannock, Va.; makes headlines in 2009 with domestic violence charges against his girlfriend Rihanna (1988-). Slovak 5'3" tennis player Dominika Cibulkova (Cibulková) on May 6 in Piestany, Czech. Am. football QB (black) Cameron Jerrell "Cam" Newton on May 11 in College Park, Ga.; educated at Auburn U.; 2010 Heisman Trophy. Am. 6'6" football tight end (New England Patriots #87, 2010-) Rob "Gronk" Gronkowski on May 14 in Amherst, N.Y. Am. "Christine Reade in The Girlfriend Experience" actress-model Danielle Riley Keough on May 29 in Santa Monica, Calif.; daughter of Lisa Marie Presley (1968-) and Danny Keough (1964-); eldest grandchild of Elvis Presley (1935-77) and Priscilla Presley (1945-); wife (2015-) of Ben Smith-Petersen. Ghananian soccer player (black) Freddy Adu on June 2 in Tema. English "Witch Arianne in Centurion", "Julie Maddin in Need for Speed", "Kelly Ann Mason in Roadies" actress Imogen Poots on June 3 in Hammersmith, London; Northern Irish father, English mother. Am. "Bass Down Low", "Booty Bounce" singer Dev (Devin Star Tailes) on July 2 in Tracy, Calif. Am. 5'7" soccer player Alexandra Patricia "Alex" Morgan on July 2 in San Dimas, Calif.; educated at UCB. Am. 6'0" wrestler Adam Cole (nee Austin Jenkins) on July 5 in Lancaster, Penn. Am. 6'0" football linebacker (Seattle Seahawks #53, 2011-) (black) Malcolm Smith on July 5 in Woodland Hills, Calif.; educated at USC. Am. "Rudy Prescott in You Can Count on Me" actor Rory Hugh Culkin on July 21 in New York City; brother of Macaulay Culkin (1980-) and Kieran Culkin (1982-); nephew of Bonnie Bedelia (1948-). Kiwi 6'4" martial artist (black) ("The Last Stylebender") Israel Mobolaji Temitayo Oluwafemi Owolabi Adesanya on July 22 in Lagos. English "Harry Potter" actor (Jewish) (atheist) Daniel Jacob Radcliffe on July 23 in Hammersmith, West London; Protestant father, South African-born Jewish Russian descent mother; debuts at age 10 playing David Copperfield on TV. Am. ice dancer Timothy A. McKernan II on July 29 in York, Penn.; not to be confused with Tim "Barrel Man" McKernan. Soluth African cricket player (Muslim convert) (lefty) Wayne Waleed Parnell on July 30 in Port Elizabeth. Belarusian 6' tennis player Victoria Feodorovna Azarenka on July 31 in Minsk. Am. "House of D" actress Zelda Rae Williams on July 31 in New York City; daughter of Robin Williams (1951-2014) and 2nd wife Marsha Garces Williams; named after "The Legend of Zelda" video game. Am. 6'5" baseball pitcher(San Francisco Giants #40, 2009-) Madison Kyle "California Condor" Bumgarner on Aug. 1 in Hickory, N.c. Am. musician-actor Joseph Adam "Joe" Jonas (Jonas Brothers) on Aug. 15 in Casa Grande, Ariz.; brother of Kevin Jonas (1987-) and Nick Jonas (1992-). Am. rapper-actor (black) Lil' Romeo (Percy Romeo Miller Jr.) on Aug. 19 in New Orleans, La. Am. "Sheryl Yoast in Remember the Titans", "Claire Bennet in Heroes", "Juliette Barnes in Nashville" actress-singer-activist Hayden Leslie Panetierre on Aug. 21 in Palisades, N.Y. English actress Georgina Moffat on Aug. 22 in London; great-great-granddaughter of Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree (1852-1917). Am. 6'5" guard (black) (Okla. City Thunder #13, 2009-12) (Houston Rockets #13, 2012-21) (Brooklyn Nets #13, 2001-2) (Philadelphia 76ers #1, 2022-) James Edward Harden Jr. on Aug. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at Arizona State U. Am. "Wasting All These Tears" country pop singer-songwriter Cassadee Blake Pope (Hey Monday) on Aug. 28 in West Palm Beach, Fla. Am. "Bonnie Bennett in The Vampire Diaries" actress-singer (black) (Jewish) Katerina Alexandre Hartford "Kat" Graham on Sept. 5 in Geneva, Switzerland; Liberian descent father, Polish Jewish descent mother; grows up in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Kang the Conqueror in the Marvel Cinematic Universe" actor (black) Jonathan Michael Majors on Sept. 7 in Lompoc, Calif.; educated at the U. of N.C., and Yale U. Swedish "Wake Me Up" musician (alcoholic) Avicii (Tim Bergling) (d. 2018) on Sept. 8 in Stockholm. Am. 6'4" football QB (Indianapolis Colts #12, 2012-) Andrew Austen Luck on Sept. 12 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Stanford U. Am. 6'4" golfer Milton Pouha "Tony" Finau on Sept. 14 in Salt Lake City, Utah; of Tongan and Samoan descent. Chilean "Kyle in Aftershock", "Justine in The Green Inferno", "Genesis in Knock, Knock" actress-model Lorenza Francesca Izzo Parsons on Sept. 19 in Santiago; educated at the U. of Los Andes; wife (2014-18) of Eli Roth (1972-). Am. baseball outfielder (Houston Astros #4, 2014-) George Chelston Springer III on Sept. 19 in New Britain, Conn.; educated at the U. of Conn. German 5'10" tennis player Sabine Lisicki on Sept. 22 in Troisdorf. Philipine 5'8" Miss Universe 2016 Pia Alonzo Wurtzbach (AKA Pia Romero) on Sept. 24 in Stuggart, West Germany; German father, Filipino mother. Am. "Kate Gregson in United States of Tara", "Envy Adams in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World" actress Brie Larson (Brianne Sidonie Desaulniers) on Oct. 1 in Sacramento, Calif. Am. "Amela Ritter in The Social Network", "Chloe in Chloe and Theo" actress-model Dakota Mayi Johnson on Oct. 4 in Austin, Tex.; daughter of Don Johnson and Melanie Griffith. Am. 6'5" football tight end (Kansas City Chiefs #87, 2013-) Travis Michael Kelce on Oct. 5 in Westlake, Ohio; brother of Jason Kelce (1987-); educated at the U. of Cincinnati. Am. 6'1" golfer Michelle Sung Wie on Oct. 11 in Honolulu, Hawaii; South Korean immigrant parents; educated at Stanford U. U.S. Socialist Rep. (D-N.Y.) (2019-) Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez on Oct. 13 in Bronx, N.Y.; educated at Boston U.; youngest female U.S. rep. in U.S. history (until ?). Australian "Alice in Alice in Wonderland", "Elinor Smith in Amelia" actress Mia Wasikowska on Oct. 14 in Canberra. Belgian 6' tennis player Yanina Wickmayer on Oct. 20 in Lier. Swedish "Let's Play" video game commentator PewDiePie (Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg) on Oct. 24 in Gothenburg; educated at Chalmers U. of TEchnology. Russian-Am. Olympic gymnast Anastasia Valeryevna "Nastia" Liukin on Oct. 30 in Moscow; daughter of Soviet gymnasts Valeri Liukin (1966-) and Anna Kotchneva (1970-); emigrates to the U.S. in 1992. Am. "Kisses from Katie" missionary-writer Katie Davis on Nov. 1 in Nashville, Tenn. Am. 6'2" football tight end (New England Patriots #81, 2010-12) Aaron Josef Hernandez (d. 2017) on Nov. 6 in Bristol, Conn.; Puerto Rican descent father, Irish-Italian descent mother; educated at the U. of Fla. Welsh "Elton John in Rocketman" actor (straight) Taron (Gael. "taran" = thunder) David Egerton on Nov. 10 in Birkenhead, Merseyside, England; grows up in Wirral, Angelesey Island, and Aberystwyth; educated at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Am. 5'11" football QB (Seattle Seahawks #3, 2010-) (black) Russell Carrington Wilson on Nov. 29 in Cincinnati, Ohio; educated at Wisconsin U. South Korean speedskater Lee Jung-Su on Nov. 30 in Seoul. Am. 5'10" Miss USA 2016 (black) Deshauna Barber on Dec. 6 in Colmbus, Ga. French Nat. Front conservative politician Marion Jeanne Caroline Marechal-Le Pen on Dec. 10 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines; niece of Marine Le Pen (1968-). Am. "Our Song", "Fearless" country singer (Roman Catholic) Taylor Alison Swift on Dec. 13 in Reading, Penn.; grows up in Wyomissing, Penn. Am. rock guitarist Taylor Benjamin York (Paramore) on Dec. 17 in Nashville, Tenn.; brother of Justin York (1982-). Am. Muslim terrorist (convert) Zachary Adam Chesser (Abu Talhah al-Amrikee) on Dec. 22 in Charlottesville, Va. Am. singer (black) (American Idol season #6 winner) Jordin Brianna Sparks on Dec. 22 in Glendale, Ariz. Irish golfer Rory McIlroy on ? in Northern Ireland. Am. drummer Energizer Bunny in St. Louis on ?; acts in over zillions of TV commercials and more. Deaths: Russian-born Am. composer Irving Berlin (b. 1888) on Sept. 22 in New York City; composed 1.5K songs, incl. "White Christmas", "Easter Parade", "God Bless America", "There's No Business Like Show Business", "Alexander's Ragtime Band", and "Puttin' on the Ritz". Am. silent film actress May Allison (b. 1890) on Mar. 27 in Bratenahl, Ohio. Canadian actress Beatrice Lillie (b. 1894) on Jan. 20 in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. Romanian adm. Horia Macellariu (b. 1894) on July 11 in Bucharist. Romanian-born German rocket scientist Hermann Julius Oberth (b. 1894) on Dec. 28 in Nuremberg. Am. banker-laywer John Jay McCloy (b. 1895) on Mar. 11 in Stamford, Conn. Am. composer Virgil Thomson (b. 1896) on Sept. 30. Am. football player-coach (West Point) Earl Henry Blaik (b. 1897) on Nov. 8. Canadian spymaster-airman Sir William Stephenson (b. 1897) on Jan. 31 in Puget, Bermuda. Am. historian Juanita Brooks (b. 1898) on Aug. 26 (Alzheimer's). Am. writer-critic Malcolm Cowley (b. 1898) on Mar. 27: "Talent is what you possess, genius is what possesses you." Am. Anheuser-Busch CEO (1946-75) Gussie Busch (b. 1899) on Sept. 29 in St. Louis, Mo. (pneumonia); owner of the St. Louis Cardinals ML baseball team, which is sold in 1966 to William DeWitt Jr. et al. French dramatist Armand Salacrou (b. 1899) on Nov. 23 in Le Havre. Egyptian adobe architect Hassan Fathy (b. 1900) on Nov. 30 in Cairo. Australian-born Am. hedge fund inventor Alfred Winslow Jones (b. 1900) on June 2 in Redding, Conn. Am. elderly rights champion Claude Pepper (b. 1900) on May 30. Am. diplomat Oliver Edmund Clubb (b. 1901) on May 9. English "head warlock in Rosemary's Baby" actor Maurice Evans (b. 1901). Trinidadian historian C.L.R. James (b. 1901) on May 19. Japanese Yamato emperor #124 (1926-89) Showa (Hirohito) (b. 1901) on Jan. 7 in Tokyo (duodenal cancer); dies after undergoing surgery on his pancreas on Sept. 22, 1987, becoming the first surgery for a Japanese Yamato emperor. Am. "Aunt Bee in The Andy Griffith Show" actress Frances Bavier (b. 1902) on Dec. 6 in Siler City, N.C. (cancer). Am. advertising exec Ned Doyle (b. 1902) on Mar. 5 in Manhattan, N.Y. (emphysema). Am. "Live Is a Many-Splendored Thing", "Wagon Train" composer Sammy Fain (b. 1902) on Dec. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. German "Beer Barrel Polka" composer Will Glahe (b. 1902) on Nov. 21 in Rheinbreitbach. Am. philosopher Sidney Hook (b. 1902) on July 12. Am. Olympic swimmer Pua Kealoha (b. 1902) on Aug. 29 in San Francisco, Calif. Iranian supreme leader #1 (1979-89) Ayatollah "Assaholah" Khomeini (b. 1902) on June 3 in Tehran: "There is no fun in Islam." Am. silent film actress Marion Mack (b. 1902) on May 1 in Costa Mesa, Calif. (heart failure). English archeologist John Nowell Linton Myres (b. 1902) on Sept. 25. Am. golfer Jess Sweetser (b. 1902) on May 27 in Wash. (cancer). Am. geneticist George Beadle (b. 1903) on June 9 in Pomona, Calif.; 1958 Nobel Med. Prize. Belarus-born Am. jazz promoter Max Gordon (b. 1903) on May 11 in New York City. Ukrainian-born Am. violinist Vladimir Horowitz (b. 1903) on Nov. 5 in New York City. Am. Hubbert Curve geoscientist M. King Hubbert (b. 1903) on Oct. 11: "Our ignorance is not so vast as our failure to use what we know." Austrian zoologist Konrad Lorenz (b. 1903) on Feb. 27 in Vienna; 1973 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. publisher Dorothy Schiff (b. 1903) on Aug. 30 in New York City. Belgian "Commissaire Maigret" mystery writer Georges Simenon (b. 1903) on Sept. 3-4 in Lausanne, Switzerland; writes 200 novels and 150 novellas, selling 550M copies. Am. "Lust for Life" novelist Irving Stone (b. 1903) on Aug. 26. French-born Am. fashion editor Diana Vreeland (b. 1903) on Aug. 22. Spanish surrealist artist (in the U.S. since 1940) Salvador Dali (b. 1904) on Jan. 23 in Figueres (heart attack); produced 1.5K+ paintings: "Every morning upon awakening, I experience a supreme pleasure, that of being Salvador Dali"; "The only difference between me and the surrealists is that I am a surrealist"; "The only difference between me and a madman is that the latter is actually mad"; "I don't take drugs, I am drugs"; "Dali is immortal and will not die." Am. food ed. Avis DeVoto (b. 1904) on ? in ?. English economist Sir John Richard Hicks (b. 1904) on May 20 in Blockley; 1972 Nobel Econ. Prize. Russian pianist Vladimir Horowitz (b. 1904) on Nov. 5. German WWII Operation Bernhard SS Maj. Bernhard Kruger (b. 1904) on Jan. 3 in Hamburg. Korean-born Am. chemist Charles J. Pedersen (b. 1904) on Oct. 26 in Salem, N.J.; 1987 Nobel Chem. Prize. Italian-born Am. bowler Lou Campi (b. 1905) on Aug. 31. English economist Richard Kahn (b. 1905) on June 6 in Cambridge. U.S. Sen. (D-Wash.) (1944-81) Warren Grant "Maggie" Magnuson (b. 1905) on May 20. Italian-born Am. physicist Emilio Segre (b. 1905) on Apr. 22 in Lafayette, Calif.; 1959 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. writer-poet-novelist Robert Penn Warren (b. 1905) on Sept. 15 in Stratton, Vt.: "Historical sense and poetic sense should not, in the end, be contradictory, for if poetry is the little myth we make, history is the big myth we live, and in our living, constantly remake." British conservationist George Adamson (b. 1906) on Aug. 20 in Kora Reserve, Kenya (killed by Somalian poachers). Am. humorist Richard Armour (b. 1906) on Feb. 28. Irish "Waiting for Godot" absurdist playwright-novelist Samuel Beckett (b. 1906) on Dec. 22 in Paris: "Try again. Fail again. Fail better." Liechtenstein prince (1938-89) Franz Joseph II (b. 1906) on Nov. 13. Italian cardinal Giuseppe Siri (b. 1906) on May 2 in Genoa. Am. "Kukla, Fran and Ollie" comedian Fran Allison (b. 1907) on June 13 in Sherman Oaks, Calif. Am. Jackie Kennedy's mother Janet Lee Bouvier (b. 1907) on July 22 (Alzheimer's). Am. Saturday Evening Post illustrator George Hughes (b. 1907). Irish MP Harford Montgomery Hyde (b. 1907) on Aug. 10. British novelist Daphine du Maurier (b. 1907) on Apr. 19. English actor's actor Lord Laurence Olivier (b. 1907) on July 11 in Steyning, West Sussex; buried in Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey - to be with some of the people he portrayed? Am. journalist I.F. Stone (b. 1907) on June 18 in Boston, Mass.: "If you want to know about governments, all you have to know is two words, 'governments lie'"; "If God as some now say is dead, He no doubt died of trying to find an equitable solution to the Arab-Jewish problem." Polish-born British painter Feliks Topolski (b. 1907) on Aug. 24 in London. Am. mathematician Hassler Whitney (b. 1907) on May 10. Am. "Looney Tunes" impressionist Mel Blanc (b. 1908) on July 10; his tombstone reads "That's All, Folks". Mexican hard shell taco creator Joe Valdez Cabalerro (b. 1908) on May 12. Am. "Jezebel", "Dark Victory", "Baby Jane" actress Bette Davis (b. 1908) on Oct. 6: "I was the only one who ever brought Howard Hughes to a sexual climax"; "All she had going for her was her talent" (David Zinman); "How could any woman in her right mind be attracted to a man who was such an egomaniac [Errol Flynn]"; "The time in my life of my most perfect happiness was with Willie directing me in 'Jezebel'" (about Billy Wilder, after aborting his child). Am. baseball pitcher Lefty Gomez (b. 1908) on Feb. 17 in Greenbrae, Calif. Am. "Body and Soul" composer-conductor Johnny Green (b. 1908) on May 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "This Old House" singer-songwriter Stuart Hamblen (b. 1908) on Mar. 9 in Santa Monica, Calif. (brain cancer). Austrian conductor Herbert von Karajan (b. 1908) on July 16 near Salzburg. Am. recording exec Archie Bleyer (b. 1909) on Mar. 20 in Sheboygan, Wisc. (Parkinson's). Russian pres. Andrei Gromyko (b. 1909) on July 2. Indian Gen. Mohan Singh (b. 1909) in Jugiana, Punjab. German SS Lt. Col. Kurt Lischka (b. 1909) on May 16 in Bruhl, West Germany. Syrian Baath Party founder Michel Aflaq (b. 1910) on June 23 in Paris, France; the govt. of Iraq gives him a great Muslim funeral after claiming that he converted. Am. journalist Joseph W. Alsop V (b. 1910) on Aug. 28. English philosopher Sir A.J. Ayer (b. 1910) on June 27; BBC's "atheist frontman" has a near-death experience before his death, uttering the soundbyte "I saw a divine being. I'm afraid I'm going to have to revise all my books and opinions." Am. physicist (transistor inventor) William Shockley (b. 1910) on Aug. 12; 1956 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. jazz musician Roy Eldridge (b. 1911) on Feb. 26 in Valley Stream, N.Y. Am. "I Love Lucy" #1 all-round entertainer Lucille Ball (b. 1911) on Apr. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif. Belgian Maj. Gen. Albert-Marie Edmond Guerisse (b. 1911) on Mar. 26 in Waterloo. German Nazi official Erich Koch (b. 1911) on Nov. 12 in Barczewo, Poland; dies in prison. Am. "The Group" author Mary McCarthy (b. 1912) on Oct. 25: "In science, all facts, no matter how trivial or banal, enjoy democratic equality." U.S. Rep. (D-Ala.) (1963-5) Kenneth Allison Roberts (b. 1912) on May 9 in Potomac, Md. (heart failure). Am. historian Barbara W. Tuchman (b. 1912) on Feb. 6: "If power corrupts, weakness in the seat of power, with its constant necessity of deals and bribes and compromising arrangements, corrupts even more." Am. "Mister Magoo" actor Jim Backus (b. 1913) on July 3 in Burbank, Calif. Am. detective novelist Milton K. Ozaki (b. 1913) on Nov. 7. English actor Sir Anthony Quayle (b. 1913) on Oct. 20 in London (liver cancer). Am. poet-playwright May Swenson (b. 1913) on Dec. 4 in Bethany Beach, Del. Am. country music promoter Connie B. Gay (b. 1914) on Dec. 3 in McLean, Va. (cancer). Am. "The Black Stallion" novelist Walter Farley (b. 1915) on Oct. 16 in Sarasota, Fla. English Socialist singer-actor Ewan MacColl (b. 1915) on Oct. 22. Am. country musician Clyde Moody (b. 1915) on Apr. 7 in Nashville, Tenn. Chinese Communist leader Hu Yaobang (b. 1915) on Apr. 15 in Beijing. German "Joachim von Ribbentrop in The Winds of War" actor Anton Diffring (b. 1916) on May 19 in Chateauneuf-Grasse, France (cancer). Niger pres. #1 (1960-74) Hamani Diori (b. 1916) on APr. 23 in Rabat, Morocco. Am. "The Outer Limits", "Star Trek" voice actor Vic Perrin (b. 1916) on July 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. German WWII ace Capt. Hans-Ulrich Rudel (b. 1916) on Dec. 18 in Rosenheim, West Germany. Am. "Hagar the Horrible" cartoonist Dik Browne (b. 1917) on June 4 in Sarasota, Fla. Philippine dictator pres. #10 (1965-86) Ferdinand Marcos (b. 1917) on Sept. 28 in Honolulu, Hawaii; his remains are interred in a refrigerated crypt in his hometown of Ilocos Norte. Am. singer Lou Monte (b. 1917) on June 12. Romanian dictator (1965-89) Nicolae Ceausescu (b. 1918) on Dec. 25 in Targoviste (executed) - Merry Christmas, suckah? Am. "Let's Make a Deal", "Sale of the Century" MC Jay Stewart (b. 1918) on Sept. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. (suicide). Am. "maimed trapeze artist in the Greatest Show on Earth" actor Cornel Wilde (b. 1918) on Oct. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. (leukemia). Am. psychologist Leon Festinger (b. 1919) on Feb. 11 in New York City. Zimbabwe pres. #1 (1979) Josiah Zion Gumede (b. 1919) on Mar. 28. Am. R&B musician Bull Moose Jackson (b. 1919) on July 31 in Cleveland, Ohio. German-born nightclb owner Eric Nord (b. 1919) in Los Gatos, Calif. Am. "Homer and Jethro" entertainer Kenneth C. "Jethro" Burns (b. 1920) on Feb. 4 in Evanston, Ill. French film critic Jacques Doniol-Valcroze (b. 1920) on Oct. 6 in Cannes. Argentine-born Am. actor Robin Hughes (b. 1920) on Dec. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. Japanese-born Am. "Planet of the Apes", "Patton" dir. Franklin James Schaffner (b. 1920) on July 2 in Santa Monica, Calif. (lung cancer). Am. "Rocky & Bullwinkle" cartoon producer Jay Ward (b. 1920) on Oct. 12 in Hollywood, Calif. (kidney cancer). Am. boxer Sugar Ray Robinson (b. 1921) on Apr. 12. Soviet dissident physicist Andrei Sakharov (b. 1921) on Dec. 14 in Moscow (heart attack); 1975 Nobel Peace Prize. Cameroon pres. (1960-82) Ahmadou Ahidjo (b. 1924) on Nov. 30. Canadian hockey hall-of-fame player Doug Harvey (b. 1924) on Dec. 26 in Montreal, Quebec. Am. "A Chorus Line" playwright-novelist James Kirkwood Jr. (b. 1924) in Apr. in New York City (AIDS). Am. "Zorro", "Lost in Space" actor Guy Williams (b. 1924) on Apr. 30 in Buenos Aires, Argentina (brain aneurysm). Am. archeologist-anthropologist Louis Dupree (b. 1925) on Mar. 21 in Durham, N.C.; dies 1 mo. after Soviet troops leave his favorite field Afghanistan. German historian Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (b. 1925) on May 8 in Cologne. German historian Martin Broszat (b. 1926) on Oct. 14 in Munich. Am. "The Monkey Wrench Gang", "Desert Solitaire" novelist Edward Abbey (b. 1927) on Mar. 14 in Tucson, Ariz.: "The most common form of terrorism in the U.S.A. is that carried on by bulldozers and chain saws"; "Society is like a stew. If you don't stir it up every once in awhile then a layer of scum floats to the top"; "Growth for the sake of growth is the ideology of the cancer cell." Scottish psychiatrist R.D. Laing (b. 1927) on Aug. 23 in Saint-Tropez, France (heart attack). Am. basketball player Jack George (b. 1928) on Jan. 30. Am. Socialist writer Edward Michael Harrington (b. 1928) on July 31 (cancer): "I am a pious apostate, an atheist shocked by the faithlessness of the believers, a fellow traveller of moderate Catholicism who has been out of the Church for 20 years." Am. flamboyant baseball mgr. Billy Martin (b. 1928) on Dec. 25 in Johnson City, N.Y.; dies in a flamboyant car crash at the end of his farm driveay in Port Crane, N.Y.; his funeral is attended by New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner and U.S. Pres. Richard Nixon, with a eulogy by Cardinal John O'Connor; he is buried at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, N.Y., with his grave located 150 ft. from Babe Ruth's in Section 25; his New York Yankees jersey #1 was retired in 1986: "I may not have been the greatest Yankee to put on the uniform, but I was the proudest." Am. "In the Heat of the Night" producer-screenwriter James Lee Barrett (b. 1929) on Oct. 15 in Templeton, Calif. +Am. "Rosemary's Baby" actor-dir. John Cassavetes (b. 1929) on Feb. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. English film critic Leslie Halliwell (b. 1929) on Jan. 21 in Esher, Surrey (stomach cancer). Italian "Dollars Trilogy" dir. Sergio Leone (b. 1929) on Apr. 30 in Rome. Am. Dem. politician Dutch Morial (b. 1929) on Dec. 24 in New Orleans, La. Am. actor William Traylor (b. 1930) on Sept. 23 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. choreographer Alvin Ailey (b. 1931) on Jan. 12 in Manhattan, N.Y. Am. writer Donald Barthelme (b. 1931) on July 23 in Houston, Tex. Austrian playwright-novelist Thomas Bernhard (b. 1931) on Feb. 12 in Ohlsdorf. Am. conservative journalist Robert D. Novak (b. 1931) on Aug. 18 in Washington, D.C. (brain tumor). Am. underground filmmaker Jack Smith (b. 1932) on Sept. 25 in New York City (AIDS). Am. country singer Anita Carter (b. 1933) on July 29 in Hendersonville, Tenn. Am. "Highway to Heaven" actor Victor French (b. 1934) on June 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lung cancer); longtime friend and co-star Michael Landon dies in 1991 at the same age (54) of pancreatic cancer. Am. radical Yippie founder Abbie Hoffman (b. 1936) on Apr. 12 in New Hope, Penn.; lived under an alias after a cocaine-dealing conviction. Am. "The Rookies" actor Sam Melville (b. 1936) on Mar. 9 in Los angeles, Calif. (heart failure). Am. "Sesame Street" composer Joe Raposo (b. 1937) on Feb. 5 in Bronxville, N.Y. (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). Am. baseball commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti (b. 1938) on Sept. 1 in Oak Bluffs, Mass. English travel writer Bruce Chatwin (b. 1940) on Jan. 18 in Nice, France (AIDS). Am. "Ballad of the Green Berets" singer Barry Sadler (b. 1940) on Nov. 5 in Murfreesboro, Tenn.; dies in his mother's home a year after being shot in the green beret, er, head in a taxicab in Guatemala City. Palestinian father of global jihad (Osama bin Laden's mentor) Abdullah Yusuf Azzam (b. 1941) on Nov. 24 in Peshawar, Pakistan (killed by bomb blast). British comedian Graham Chapman (b. 1941) on Oct. 4 in Madstone, Kent (spine cancer) (AIDS?). Am. Trashmen vocalist Steve Wahrer (b. 1941) on Jan. 21 in Minneapolis, Minn. (throat cancer). Am. Black Panther Party co-founder Huey Percy Newton (b. 1942) on Aug. 22 in Oakland, Calif.; shot 3x in the face by 24-y.-o. Tyrone "Double R" Robinson, who is sentenced to 32-life; last words: "You can kill my body but you can't kill my soul. My soul will live forever." Am. "Quicksilver Messenger" musician John Cipollina (b. 1943) on May 29 in San Francisco, Calif. (emphysema). Am. Studio 54 co-owner Steve Rubell (b. 1943) on July 25 in Manhattan, N.Y. (AIDS). U.S. rep. (D-Tex.) (1979-89) Mickey Leland (b. 1944) on Aug. 7 in Gambela, Ethiopia (plane crash). Am. poet Pat Parker (b. 1944) on June 19 in Houston, Tex. (breast cancer). Am. jazz trumpeter Woody Shaw (b. 1944) on May 11 (kidney failure). Am. serial killer Ted Bundy (b. 1946) on Jan. 24 in Raiford, Bradford County, Fla. (electrocuted); leaves divorced freaked wife Carole Anne Boone. Am. gay photographer Robert Mapplethorpe (b. 1946) on Mar. 9 (a.m.) in Boston, Mass. (AIDS). Colombian drug lord Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha (b. 1947) on Dec. 15 in Tolu (killed by police). Am. comedian Gilda Radner (b. 1947) on May 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. (ovarian cancer). Irish human rights atty. Patrick Finucane (b. 1949) on Feb. 12 in Dublin (assassinated). Am. children's writer John Steptoe (b. 1950) on Aug. 18 in New York City. Trinidad-born English Echo and the Bunnymen drummer Peter de Freitas (b. 1961) on June 14; dies in a motorcycle accident en route from Liverpool to London. Am. country singer Keith Whitley (b. 1954) on May 9 in Nashville, Tenn. (alcoholism).



Historyscoper Home Page